Enquire with Darwin
KS3
Module 4: Sustainability and Extinction Vulnerable species and habitats
01 Isolated habitats Charles Darwin visited the Galapagos Islands in 1835
02 Isolated habitats An isolated island
03 Vulnerable species Marine iguanas, Fernandina Island http://www.arkive.org/galapagos-marine-iguana/ amblyrhynchus-cristatus/video-00.html
04 Vulnerable species Land iguanas http://www.arkive.org/galapagos-land-iguana/ conolophus-subcristatus/video-08.html
05 Vulnerable species Giant Galapagos tortoise, Santa Cruz Island http://www.arkive.org/galapagos-giant-tortoise/ geochelone-spp/video-00.html
06 Vulnerable species Galapagos hawk Prey species
Bartholomew Island lizard
Flightless cormorant (Fernandina Island)
07 Vulnerable species Birds of the Galapagos
Galapagos dove; a fairly Galapagos penguin, Red breasted frigate common species on all Fernandina Island. bird North Seymour of the islands. It is endemic to the Island. Darwin used Galapagos Islands. the frigate bird as an example of a web- footed bird that no longer spends much time on water.
08 Vulnerable species Birds of the Galapagos
Warbler finch, One species of Espanola Island Galapagos mockingbird
Cactus finch
09 Vulnerable species Galapagos insects
Galapagos spider Queen butterfly
Crickets Galapagos centipede Carpenter bee on on Santa Cruz Island cactus flower
10 Vulnerable habitats Vulnerable habitats
Red mangrove Prickly pear cactus
11 Vulnerable habitats When the Beagle visited 4 of the Galapagos islands in 1835 P.G.King made these sketches
12 Vulnerable habitats Human activities
13 Vulnerable habitats Human activities
Habitat destruction Global warming
Hunting Building Invasive or Human introduced population species growth
Tourism Agriculture/Farming Fishing
14 Food chain basics: who eats who?
• Which is the consumer? • Which is the producer? • Put them in order. • Match food eaten to type of organism.
Predator Carnivore Consumer
Prey Herbivore Producer
Green plant Green plant
15 Conservation efforts Tortoise-breeding programme
16 Resource materials Food web
Mockingbird Centipede
Warbler Finch Spider
Nectar-feeding insects such as bees Giant tortoise Land lguana Cactus Finch and butterflies
17 Resource materials The Galapagos Islands board game
You join a Your habitat captive breeding becomes programme: protected: population rise population rise 500 2000
You join a conservation You don’t breed programme: this year: population rise miss a turn 1000
18 Resource materials Invasive species factfile cards Factfile: Invaders Factfile: Invaders Factfile: Invaders Goat Cat Pig • Introduced to Galapagos • Introduced to Galapagos • Kept by islanders for meat by humans by humans • Eat plants such as the prickly pear • Kept by people for meat and milk • Hunts invertebrates and and eggs • Eat plants such as the prickly pear small mammals and eggs • Common in Galapagos
19 Resource materials Galapagos animal and plant factfile cards Factfile: Galapagos Factfile: Galapagos Factfile: Galapagos Galapagos tortoise Land iguana Prickly pear cactus • Large reptile can grow to about 1.2 • Reptile, part of the lizard family, can • A cactus plant that produces yellow M in length and around 215 kg in grow up to in 1.5 M in length and flowers and fruit weight over 11 kg in weight • Most common cactus in Galapagos • Can live for up to 200 yrs • Found only in the • Pollinated by nectar-feeding insects • Found only in the Galapagos Islands and the cactus finch Galapagos Islands • Lays eggs in ground burrows • Some species found only in the • Lays eggs in ground nests and • Herbivore: feeds on plants, the Galapagos Islands does not look after its young prickly pear cactus is a major • Herbivore: feeds on plants, the food source. prickly pear cactus is a major food source
20 Resource materials Galapagos animal and plant factfile cards Factfile: Galapagos Factfile: Galapagos Factfile: Galapagos Galapagos hawk Cactus finch Warbler finch • A bird of prey, can grow to about • Small bird, found only in the • A very small bird with a thin 55cm beak to tail and with a wing Galapagos Islands probing beak span of about 120cm • Herbivore: feeds on prickly pear • Found only in the Galapagos Islands • Found only in the Galapagos cactus seeds, pollen and nectar • Carnivore: feeds on small insects Islands • Nests in the prickly pear cactus • A tree-nesting bird • Nests mostly in trees and in high rocky areas • Carnivore: feeds on insects, centipedes, small reptiles and birds and also the young of larger reptiles
21 Resource materials Galapagos animal and plant factfile cards Factfile: Galapagos Factfile: Galapagos Factfile: Galapagos Galapagos mockingbird Carpenter bee Silver argiope spider • Most common mockingbird • Large hairy bee • Has a silver body and holds its species on Galapagos • Pollen and nectar feeding legs in pairs is t looks like it only has • Has a long tail and a small • Particularly likes yellow flowers 4 legs pointed beak • Nests in dead wood and timber • Builds web • Found only in the Galapagos • Only species of bee in the • Carnivore: feeds on small insects Islands Galapagos Islands and invertebrates • Omnivore: feeds on small reptiles, • Pollinates 75% of plants on • Lives on the Prickly Pear Cactus young finches, centipedes, insects the islands and other small invertebrates • Nests in cacti and in trees
22 Resource materials Galapagos animal and plant factfile cards Factfile: Galapagos Factfile: Galapagos Galapagos centipede Queen butterfly • Large centipede • Large orange and black butterfly • Lives under rocks and leaf litter • Tastes nasty to birds • Found only in the Galapagos • Nectar feeding Islands • Found only in the • Carnivore: feeds on small insects, Galapagos Islands spiders and soil invertebrates • Important pollinator of Galapagos flowers
23 Acknowledgements This resource has been produced by The Charles Darwin Trust ©The Charles Darwin Trust 2012 Series editor Dr Susan Johnson Author Emma Newall Editor Karen Goldie-Morrison Design SPY Studio Photographs taken at Down House are with thanks to English Heritage which owns and opens the House to the public.
Thank you to our current funders who are supporting Darwin Inspired learning and have made Enquire with Darwin possible: the Evolution Education Trust, the Foyle Foundation, the Garfield Weston Foundation, the JJ Charitable Trust and the Mark Leonard Trust, The Mercers’ Company, and a number of individual donors.
24 Picture Credits Slides 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 far left & left, 10 bottom middle, Slide 12 Public domain/Wikimedia 11 left, 16, 20 left & middle, 21 left, A&V Stevens Slide 13 Constantine/Wikimedia Slide 2 NASA Slide 19 clip art Slide 3 SPY Studio/The Charles Darwin Trust Slide 20 right Wikimedia Slide 9 left Putney Mark/Wikimedia Slide 21 middle Darwin-online/Wikimedia Slide 9 middle DickDaniels Slide 21 right Putney Mark/Wikimedia (http://carolinabirds.org/)/Wikimedia Slide 22 left DickDaniels Slide 9 right Darwin-online/Wikimedia (http://carolinabirds.org/)/Wikimedia Slide 10 top middle DirkydM/Wikimedia Slide 22 middle Neal/Wikimedia Slide 10 top right Korall/Wikimedia Slide 22 right DirkydM/Wikimedia Slide 10 far left Jordanfischer/Flikr Slide 23 left Jordanfischer/Flikr Slide 10 bottom right Neal/Wikimedia Slide 23 right Korall/Wikimedia Slide 11 right Wikimedia
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