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Towards a Management Hierarchy (Classification) for the Catalogue of Life
TOWARDS A MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY (CLASSIFICATION) FOR THE CATALOGUE OF LIFE Draft Discussion Document Rationale The Catalogue of Life partnership, comprising Species 2000 and ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System), has the goal of achieving a comprehensive catalogue of all known species on Earth by the year 2011. The actual number of described species (after correction for synonyms) is not presently known but estimates suggest about 1.8 million species. The collaborative teams behind the Catalogue of Life need an agreed standard classification for these 1.8 million species, i.e. a working hierarchy for management purposes. This discussion document is intended to highlight some of the issues that need clarifying in order to achieve this goal beyond what we presently have. Concerning Classification Life’s diversity is classified into a hierarchy of categories. The best-known of these is the Kingdom. When Carl Linnaeus introduced his new “system of nature” in the 1750s ― Systema Naturae per Regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species …) ― he recognised three kingdoms, viz Plantae, Animalia, and a third kingdom for minerals that has long since been abandoned. As is evident from the title of his work, he introduced lower-level taxonomic categories, each successively nested in the other, named Class, Order, Genus, and Species. The most useful and innovative aspect of his system (which gave rise to the scientific discipline of Systematics) was the use of the binominal, comprising genus and species, that uniquely identified each species of organism. Linnaeus’s system has proven to be robust for some 250 years. The starting point for botanical names is his Species Plantarum, published in 1753, and that for zoological names is the tenth edition of the Systema Naturae published in 1758. -
The Biodiverse Rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria)
Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (1): 147–162 ISSN 2190–7307 2019 · Sharma B.K. & Sharma S. http://www.zoologicalbulletin.de https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2019.68.1.147 Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D9308652-B9BF-4BBB-B573-F1C4B53E1AC5 The biodiverse rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of Northeast India: faunal heterogeneity, biogeography, richness in diverse ecosystems and interesting species assemblages Bhushan Kumar Sharma1, * & Sumita Sharma2 1, 2 Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong – 793 022, Meghalaya, India * Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:FD069583-6E71-46D6-8F45-90A87F35BEFE 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:668E0FE0-C474-4D0D-9339-F01ADFD239D1 Abstract. The biodiverse Rotifera of northeast India (NEI) revealed 303 species belonging to 53 genera and 24 families; ~96% of these species examined from seven states of NEI affirm the rotifer heterogeneity of our plankton and semi-plank- ton collections. This study documents the record number of species of global and regional biogeographic interest, high- lights affinity with Southeast Asian and Australian faunas, and indicates notable heterogeneity in richness and composition amongst the seven northeastern states. The speciose rotifers of small lentic biotopes of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura, the floodplain lakes beels( ) and small wetlands (dobas and dubies) of the Brahmaputra and the Barak floodplains of Assam, and the floodplain lakes (pats) of Manipur are noteworthy. Deepor Beel and Loktak Lake (two Ramsar sites) are the globally rich rotifer `hotspots’. Interesting assemblages per sample of 80+ species in certain beels and pats, and up to 50 species in dobas and dubies depict the `Rotifera paradox’. -
New Records of 13 Rotifers Including Bryceella Perpusilla Wilts Et Al., 2010 and Philodina Lepta Wulfert, 1951 from Korea
Journal26 of Species Research 6(Special Edition):26-37,JOURNAL 2017 OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 6, Special Edition New records of 13 rotifers including Bryceella perpusilla Wilts et al., 2010 and Philodina lepta Wulfert, 1951 from Korea Min Ok Song* Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do 25457, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected], [email protected] Rotifers collected from various terrestrial and aquatic habitats such as mosses on trees or rocks, tree barks, wet mosses and wet leaf litter at streams, and dry leaf litter at four different locations in Korea, were investigated. Thirteen species belonging to nine genera in five families of monogonont and bdelloid rotifers were identified: Bryceella perpusilla Wilts, Martinez Arbizu and Ahlrichs, 2010, Collotheca ornata (Ehrenberg, 1830), Habrotrocha flava Bryce, 1915, H. pusilla (Bryce, 1893), Macrotrachela aculeata Milne, 1886, M. plicata (Bryce, 1892), Mniobia montium Murray, 1911, M. tentans Donner, 1949, Notommata cyrtopus Gosse, 1886, Philodina lepta Wulfert, 1951, P. tranquilla Wulfert, 1942, Pleuretra hystrix Bartoš, 1950 and Proalinopsis caudatus (Collins, 1873). All these rotifers are new to Korea, and B. perpusilla, H. flava, M. montium, P. caudatus, P. hystrix and P. lepta are new to Asia as well. Of interest, the present study is the first to record B. perpusilla outside its type locality. In addition, P. lepta has previously been recorded from only three European countries. Keywords: Korea, new records, rotifera, taxonomy, terrestrial habitats Ⓒ 2017 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2017.6(S).037 INTRODUCTION (Donner, 1965). The present study is the first record of Philodina lepta outside Europe as well as the fourth A taxonomic study of rotifers collected from various overall. -
Invertebrate Fauna of Korea of Fauna Invertebrate
Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Fauna Invertebrate Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 10, Number 1 Rotifera: Eurotatoria: Bdelloidea: Philodinida: Habrotrochidae, Philodinidae Rotifera I Vol. 10, 10, Vol. No. 1 Rotifera I Flora and Fauna of Korea National Institute of Biological Resources NIBR Ministry of Environment Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 10, Number 1 Rotifera: Eurotatoria: Bdelloidea: Philodinida: Habrotrochidae, Philodinidae Rotifera I 2015 National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 10, Number 1 Rotifera: Eurotatoria: Bdelloidea: Philodinida: Habrotrochidae, Philodinidae Rotifera I Min Ok Song Gangneung-Wonju National University Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 10, Number 1 Rotifera: Eurotatoria: Bdelloidea: Philodinida: Habrotrochidae, Philodinidae Rotifera I Copyright ⓒ 2015 by the National Institute of Biological Resources Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources. ISBN : 9788968112065-96470 Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-000989-01 Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper Publisher : Kim, Sang-Bae Author : Min Ok Song Project Staff : Joo-Lae Cho, Jumin Jun and Jin Han Kim Published on November 30, 2015 The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo. -
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Rec. zool. Surv. India: l09(Part-3) : 41-60, 2009 BIODIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF FRESHWATER ROTIFERS (ROTIFERA: EUROTATORIA) OF TAMIL NADU B.K. SHARMA Freshwater Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Umshing, Shillong-793 022, Meghalaya e-mail: [email protected] and SUMITA SHARMA Eastern Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Risa Colony, Fruit Gardens, Shillong-793 003, Meghalaya, e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Taxonomic studies on freshwater Rotifera of Tamil Nadu were initiated by Edmondson and Hutchinson (1934); about two dozen papers published during the time span of more than seven decades indicate that their faunal diversity is still inadequately explored. A large number of earlier works, however, deal with scattered reports of various taxa or record only planktonic species. The detailed faunal surveys from this state are yet lacking while samples from certain districts are examined by Daisy (2001) and Sivakumar and Altaff (2001). Raghunathan and Suresh Kumar (2006) compiled a list of the rotifers reported from Tamil Nadu based on the published literature; it reflects several nomenclatural anomalies, incorrect family allocations, obsolete names and records requiring confirmation and, hence, requires a critical analysis. The present study, a part of our investigations on Fauna volume of Indian Freshwater Rotifera, documents 139 species (149 taxa) belonging to 38 genera and 20 families from Tamil Nadu and, includes 38 new records from this state and 20 new reports from the southern India. This study raises the micro-faunal diversity of Tamil Nadu Rotifera to 177 species (188 taxa); an up-dated systematic inventory is presented and, various interesting species are briefly diagnosed and illustrated. -
Antarctic Bdelloid Rotifers: Diversity, Endemism and Evolution
1 Antarctic bdelloid rotifers: diversity, endemism and evolution 2 3 Introduction 4 5 Antarctica’s ecosystems are characterized by the challenges of extreme environmental 6 stresses, including low temperatures, desiccation and high levels of solar radiation, all of 7 which have led to the evolution and expression of well-developed stress tolerance features in 8 the native terrestrial biota (Convey, 1996; Peck et al., 2006). The availability of liquid water, 9 and its predictability, is considered to be the most important driver of biological and 10 biodiversity processes in the terrestrial environments of Antarctica (Block et al., 2009; 11 Convey et al., 2014). Antarctica’s extreme conditions and isolation combined with the over- 12 running of many, but importantly not all, terrestrial and freshwater habitats by ice during 13 glacial cycles, underlie the low overall levels of diversity that characterize the contemporary 14 faunal, floral and microbial communities of the continent (Convey, 2013). Nevertheless, in 15 recent years it has become increasingly clear that these communities contain many, if not a 16 majority, of species that have survived multiple glacial cycles over many millions of years 17 and undergone evolutionary radiation on the continent itself rather than recolonizing from 18 extra-continental refugia (Convey & Stevens, 2007; Convey et al., 2008; Fraser et al., 2014). 19 With this background, high levels of endemism characterize the majority of groups that 20 dominate the Antarctic terrestrial fauna, including in particular Acari, Collembola, Nematoda 21 and Tardigrada (Pugh & Convey, 2008; Convey et al., 2012). 22 The continent of Antarctica is ice-bound, and surrounded and isolated from the other 23 Southern Hemisphere landmasses by the vastness of the Southern Ocean. -
The Diversity of Indian Brachionidae (Rotifera: Eurotatoria: Monogononta) and Their Distribution
Opusc. Zool. Budapest, 2014, 45(2): 165–180 The diversity of Indian Brachionidae (Rotifera: Eurotatoria: Monogononta) and their distribution B. K. SHARMA and S. SHARMA B. K. Sharma and Sumita Sharma, Freshwater Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North- Eastern Hill University, Permanent Campus, Shillong-793022, Meghalaya, India E-mails: [email protected] (corresponding author), [email protected] Abstract. We evaluate diversity status of the Brachionidae of India and present an annotated checklist of 46 species excluding dubious and unconfirmed reports. These merit biodiversity value as ~27% of the global diversity of the taxon and ~81% of its Oriental species. We observed two Australasian elements, two Oriental endemics, one Indian endemic, one paleo- tropical and one cosmo (sub) tropical species. The cold-water Keratella serrulata and Notholca squamula are new records from eastern Himalayas. Maximum brachionid diversity (32 species) from Assam state of northeast India (NEI) is followed by the reports of 27 and 26 species from Tamil Nadu and West Bengal, respectively; 25 species each from Tripura and Maharashtra; and 24 species from Jammu & Kashmir. Brachionus, the most diverse brachionid genus, is widely distributed in India with low richness in hill states of NEI and coastal waters in particular. The Indian brachionid taxonomy is confounded with unconfirmed reports, misidentifications, invalid taxa, and inconsistent treatment of morphological variants, while analysis of cryptic diversity in Brachionus calyciflorus, -
A Modern Approach to Rotiferan Phylogeny: Combining Morphological and Molecular Data
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40 (2006) 585–608 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A modern approach to rotiferan phylogeny: Combining morphological and molecular data Martin V. Sørensen ¤, Gonzalo Giribet Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 30 November 2005; revised 6 March 2006; accepted 3 April 2006 Available online 6 April 2006 Abstract The phylogeny of selected members of the phylum Rotifera is examined based on analyses under parsimony direct optimization and Bayesian inference of phylogeny. Species of the higher metazoan lineages Acanthocephala, Micrognathozoa, Cycliophora, and potential outgroups are included to test rotiferan monophyly. The data include 74 morphological characters combined with DNA sequence data from four molecular loci, including the nuclear 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. The combined molecular and total evidence analyses support the inclusion of Acanthocephala as a rotiferan ingroup, but do not sup- port the inclusion of Micrognathozoa and Cycliophora. Within Rotifera, the monophyletic Monogononta is sister group to a clade con- sisting of Acanthocephala, Seisonidea, and Bdelloidea—for which we propose the name Hemirotifera. We also formally propose the inclusion of Acanthocephala within Rotifera, but maintaining the name Rotifera for the new expanded phylum. Within Monogononta, Gnesiotrocha and Ploima are also supported by the data. The relationships within Ploima remain unstable to parameter variation or to the method of phylogeny reconstruction and poorly supported, and the analyses showed that monophyly was questionable for the fami- lies Dicranophoridae, Notommatidae, and Brachionidae, and for the genus Proales. -
Rotifera from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 2
Rotifera from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 2. Further studies on the Eurotatoria including new records Item Type article Authors Chengalath, R.; Fernando, C.H.; Koste, W. Download date 04/10/2021 13:23:19 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/32630 Bull. Fish. Res. Stn., Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Vol. 24, Nos. 1 & 2-pp. 29-62-1973. Rotifera from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) 2 Further Studies on the Eurotatoria Including New Records by R. CHENGALATH*, C. H. FERNANDo* and W. KosTEt INTRODUCTION In the first paper of this series, Chengalath and Fernando (1973) dealt with the genus Lecane from Sri Lanka. In all, twenty five species were recorded, of which seventeen species were new records. Two new species were also described. On the present paper we deal with the rest of the Eurotatoria. Again we have found many new records. In all 79 species are described in the present paper of which 47 are new records. The present study is based on the examination of over 300 samples from 135localities including large and small tanks, ponds of various sizes, rice fields, streams and marshes. The collections cover the whole area of Sri Lanka and were taken during different seasons of the year mainly from 1968-1972. The sampling localities are given in Fig. 1. In the previous paper (Chengalath and Fernando 1973) the literature on the Sri Lanka species was reviewed. Also the literature on the Eurotatoria of South and South-East Asia was given. Therefore, we have omitted reference to this literature. The methods used in the present study were the same as those referred to in Chengalath and Fernando (1973). -
Habitat Ecology and Diversity of Freshwater Zooplankton of Uttarakhand Himalaya, India
Biodiversity international journal Research Article Open Access Habitat ecology and diversity of freshwater zooplankton of Uttarakhand Himalaya, India Abstract Volume 4 Issue 5 - 2020 The present contribution is a comprehensive review of the status of biodiversity of freshwater zooplankton of Uttarakhand Himalaya. Uttarakhand harbours a wide diversity Ramesh C Sharma in freshwater habitats in terms of rapids, riffles, runs, cascades of falls and pools of rivers Department of Environmental Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), India and streams and the shallow and swift water of springs and lentic waters of lakes, ponds and reservoirs with varied physico-chemical environmental variables. Freshwater zooplankton Correspondence: Ramesh C Sharma, Department of of Uttarakhand are composed of the taxa of Protozoa, Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera and Environmental Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central Ostrocoda. Ritifera contributes maximum (40.50%) with thirty two species followed by University), Srinagar-Garhwal 246174, Uttarakhand, India, Protozoa (22.78%) with eighteen species and Cladocera (22.78%) with eighteen species to Email the total zooplankton taxa of Uttarakhand. Copepoda contributes 8.86% with seven species, while minimum contribution (5.08%) with only four species is made by Ostracoda to the Received: September 08, 2020 | Published: September 29, total zooplankton taxa of Uttarakhand. Seasonal variation in the abundance of zooplankton 2020 in addition to diurnal vertical migration in diverse freshwater habitats of Uttarakhand Himalayahas also been reported. Keywords: zooplankton, Uttarakhand, Himalaya, freshwater, river, lakes 23–29 Introduction Himalaya are also available. However, the scattered reports on the of lentic and lotic environments of Uttarakhand are available and no India is blessed with rich biodiversity due to its specific sincere attempt has been made so far on the comprehensive review the biogeographic location, vast climatic variations and diverse habitats. -
Original Article Biodiversity of Freshwater Rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of Mizoram, Northeast India: Composition, New Records and Interesting Features
Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(5): 301-313 E-ISSN: 2322-5270; P-ISSN: 2383-0956 Journal homepage: www.ij-aquaticbiology.com © 2015 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Original Article Biodiversity of freshwater rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of Mizoram, Northeast India: composition, new records and interesting features Bhushan Kumar Sharma*,1Sumita Sharma Freshwater Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong - 793 022, Meghalaya, India. Abstract: The plankton and semi-plankton samples examined from Mizoram state of northeast India Article history: Received 1 September 2015 (NEI) revealed speciose and diverse Rotifera assemblage including a total richness (S) of 162 species Accepted 5 October 2015 2015 belonging to 19 families and 35 genera. The reports of six species new to India, four species new to Available online 25 October 2015 NEI and 76 new records to Mizoram merit biodiversity interest. The occurrence of one Australasian, one Oriental, seven Paleotropical, one Holarctic, one cosmo (sub) tropical and five other interesting Keywords: species imparts biogeographical value while several species indicate regional distribution importance. Composition Biogeography Lecanidae > Lepadellidae > Brachionidae > Trichocercidae collectively comprised 69.7% of total Interesting taxa richness (S). Lecane > Lepadella > Trichocerca are diverse genera (~52.0% of S) while Brachionus Richness spp. (~8.0%) deserve cautious mention. The rotifer diversity pattern is predominantly ‘tropical’ with a Sub-tropical waters large component of cosmopolitans (~71.0% of S) while tropicopolitan and pantropical species contributed ~16.0%. This study indicated high richness of the littoral-periphytonic and relative paucity of planktonic taxa. Analysis of periphytic, sessile, colonial and benthic taxa, and of cryptic diversity in certain species-groups merit attention for further biodiversity update and we estimate occurrence of 250+ rotifer species in Mizoram. -
EST Based Phylogenomics of Syndermata Questions Monophyly
BMC Evolutionary Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access EST based phylogenomics of Syndermata questions monophyly of Eurotatoria Alexander Witek†1, Holger Herlyn†2, Achim Meyer3, Louis Boell4, Gregor Bucher4 and Thomas Hankeln*1 Address: 1Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, J. J.-Becherweg 32, D-55099 Mainz, Germany, 2Institute of Anthropology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Colonel-Kleinmann-Weg 2, D-55099 Mainz, Germany, 3Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Müllerweg 6, D-55099 Mainz, Germany and 4Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Anthropology and Zoology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, J. v. Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany Email: Alexander Witek - [email protected]; Holger Herlyn - [email protected]; Achim Meyer - [email protected]; Louis Boell - [email protected]; Gregor Bucher - [email protected]; Thomas Hankeln* - [email protected] * Corresponding author †Equal contributors Published: 29 December 2008 Received: 16 June 2008 Accepted: 29 December 2008 BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8:345 doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-345 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/8/345 © 2008 Witek et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: The metazoan taxon Syndermata comprising Rotifera (in the classical sense of Monogononta+Bdelloidea+Seisonidea) and Acanthocephala has raised several hypotheses connected to the phylogeny of these animal groups and the included subtaxa.