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Original Article Rotifer Assemblages (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of the Floodplain Lakes of Majuli River Island, the Brahmaputra River Basin, Northeast India

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Original Article Rotifer Assemblages (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of the Floodplain Lakes of Majuli River Island, the Brahmaputra River Basin, Northeast India Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(1): 1-13 E-ISSN: 2322-5270; P-ISSN: 2383-0956 Journal homepage: www.ij-aquaticbiology.com © 2015 Iranian Society of Ichthyology Original Article Rotifer assemblages (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of the floodplain lakes of Majuli River Island, the Brahmaputra river basin, northeast India Bhushan Kumar Sharma*,1Sumita Sharma, Mrinal Kumar Hatimuria Freshwater Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Umshing, Shillong - 793 022, Meghalaya, India. Article history: Abstract: Our plankton and semi-plankton collections from twelve floodplain lakes (beels) of Majuli Received 24 October 2014 River Island, Upper Assam reveal 124 rotifer species (32 genera and 17 families); these merit Accepted 2 December 2014 biodiversity value as ~52.0% and ~30.0% of species, ~68.0 and ~45.0% of genera and ~74.0 and Available online 25 February 2015 ~65.0% of the families of the Phylum known from northeast India (NEI) and India, respectively. Two species are new to India with Trichocerca uncinata as new record to the Oriental region. Eleven species Keywords: Beels are new to the study area and we provide an updated list (144 species) for following meta-analyses of Composition Majuli Rotifera. Biogeographically important elements include one Australasian, four Oriental, four Interesting taxa Palaeotropical and one cosmo (sub) tropical species while several species are of regional distribution New records interest. The rotifer fauna is predominantly tropical and Lecanidae > Lepadellidae collectively include Richness Similarities ~53.0% species but it records paucity of Brachionus species. Individual beels record total richness of 60-100 (77 ± 12) species, monthly richness between 24 ± 7-34 ± 7 species and maximum up to 54 species/sample. The results are characterized by high community similarities (59.7-90.4% vide Sørensen’s index), more rotifer homogeneity amongst beels, lack of any pattern of temporal richness variations and much limited influence of abiotic parameters. Introduction This largest river island, the world-heritage site and Segers et al. (1993) hypothesized (sub) tropical hotspot for flora and fauna is alarmingly shrinking floodplain lakes to be the globally rich habitats for due to erosion and is threatened to cease existence on rotifer diversity. This hypothesis is extended to the the world map. We present an inventory of the rotifer assemblages of the floodplain lakes (beels) of examined rotifer species with comments on richness, Assam (Sharma, 2005; Sharma and Sharma, 2005a, composition, interesting elements, community 2008, 2012a, 2014a) and pats of Manipur (Sharma, similarities and influence of abiotic parameters. This 2009a, 2009b) states of NEI. Various ad-hoc works report is of biodiversity and ecology value besides and incomplete inventories from other Indian providing an update for following meta-analyses on floodplains, however, do not facilitate any the rotifer diversity of Majuli studied earlier vide generalization. The present study is an attempt to Sharma (2014). analyze this salient feature as well as to examine ecosystem diversity of Rotifera in twelve beels of Materials and Methods Majuli (commonly called ‘Majoli’ or land in the Our observations are based on water and plankton middle of two parallel rivers) - a geographically and semi-plankton samples collected, during interesting landform of fluvial geomorphology of the September, 2010-August, 2012, from twelve Brahmaputra river system in Assam state of NEI. floodplain lakes (beels) of Majuli River Island * Corresponding author: B. K. Sharma E-mail address: [email protected] 2 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(1): 1-13 Figure 1. District map of Assam state indicating location of Majuli River Island (insert Map of India indicating Assam state Figure 2. (a) Testudinella amphora Hauer and (b) Trichocerca uncinata (Voigt). of northeast India). (Long.: 93°95'E, Lat.: 25°27'N), upper Assam (Fig. The percentage similarities between rotifer 1, Table 1). The sampled beels possessed different assemblages of the sampled beels were calculated aquatic macrophytes’ namely Eichhornia crassipes, vide Sørensen’s index (Sørensen, 1948) and Hydrilla verticellata, Utricularia flexuosa, Trapa hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using natans, Lemna major, L. minor, Pistia striates, SPSS (version 20). Ecological relationships between Salvinia sp., Nymphaea spp., Nymphoides spp., abiotic factors and richness were calculated by Potamageton spp., Azolla pinnata, Euryale ferox, Pearson’s correlation coefficients (r); their P values and Sagittaria sp. were determined and significance was ascertained The collections were obtained monthly from six after Bonferroni corrections. The reference beels (marked with*) and seasonally from rest of the collections were deposited in the holdings of beels (Table 1). Water samples were examined for Freshwater Biology Laboratory, Department of abiotic parameters. Water temperature, specific Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong. conductivity and pH were recorded by the field probes; dissolved oxygen was estimated by Results Winkler’s method while free CO2, total alkalinity The details of the sampled beels and their recorded and total hardness were analyzed following APHA abiotic parameters (Mean ± SD) are indicated in (1992). The qualitative plankton samples were Table 1. Water temperature ranged between 23.4 ± collected by towing a plankton net (# 50 µm) from 1.9-24.2 ± 2.3°C; pH between 6.51 ± 0.16-7.04 ± the littoral, limnetic/semi-limnetic regions of 0.19; specific conductivity between 110.2 ± 20.8- different beels and were preserved in 5% formalin. 210.4 ± 41.3 µS/cm; dissolved oxygen between 5.1 All samples were screened with WILD (M8) ± 1.8-7.8 ± 0.7 mg/l; free CO2 between 10.3 ± 2.4- dissecting microscope, different rotifers were 14.8 ± 4.6 mg/l; total alkalinity between 62.2 ± 13.4- isolated and mounted in polyvinyl alcohol- 113.5 ± 24.6 mg/l; and total hardness varied between lactophenol mixture, and micro-photographs were 60.8 ± 13.6-113.0 ± 23.8 mg/l. taken with Leica (DM 1000) stereoscopic phase We observed a total of 124 species including two contrast microscope fitted with an image analyzer. new records from India namely Testudinella The different species were identified following amphora (Fig. 2a) and Trichocerca uncinata (Fig. 2b) Koste (1978), Segers (1995) and Sharma and Sharma and globally interesting Brachionus kostei (Fig.3a); (1999, 2000, 2008, 2013). Keratella edmondsoni (Fig. 3b), Lecane blachei (Fig. Sharma et al./ Rotifera of the floodplain lakes of Majuli River Island 3 Figure 3. (a) Brachionus kostei Shiel (after Sharma, 2014), (b) Keratella edmondsoni Ahlstrom, (c) Lecane blachei Berzins, (d) Lecane niwati Segers, Kothetip and Sanoamuang and (e) Filinia camascela Myers. Figure 4. Hierarchical cluster analysis of Rotifer assemblages of different beels. 3c), L. niwati (Fig. 3d) and Filinia camasecla (Fig. Trichocerca scipio are new records to Majuli 3e). In addition, Brachionus durgae, Keratella tecta, Rotifera thus updating their total tally to 144 species Colurella adriatica, Conochilus unicornis, Lecane (Appendix I). Total richness in individual beels bifurca, Lepadella lindaui, L. minuta, L. triba, (Appendix II) ranged between 60-100 species and Mytilina michelangellii, Pleosoma lenticulare and recorded 59.7-90.4% community similarities vide 4 Int. J. Aquat. Biol. (2015) 3(1): 1-13 Table 1. The sampled beels of Majuli and their abiotic parameters (Mean ± SD). Parameters↓ Beels→ Bhereki* Ghotonga* Holmari* Chela* Chakuli* Khorkhoria* Latitude 26°57′09.1″N 27°01′52.7″N 26°59′17.3″N 27° 04′58.2″N 26°56′40.3″N 26° 56′47.4″N Longitude 94°12′23.0″E 94°15′28.7″E 94°12′30.6″E 94° 17′51.9″E 94°09′01.9″E 94°12′28.8″E Altitude 67 m ASL 73 m ASL 75 m ASL 89 m ASL 69 m ASL 74 m ASL Water Temperature o C 23.7 ± 1.7 23.9 ± 1.7 23.6 ± 1.7 23.4 ± 1.9 23.6 ± 1.9 23.9 ± 1.8 pH 6.67 ± 0.23 6.51 ± 0.16 6.87 ± 0.13 7.04 ± 0.19 6.82 ± 0.18 6.80 ± 0.24 Sp. Conductivity µS/cm 140.7 ± 24.4 121.4 ± 26.8 173.6 ± 32.5 210.4 ± 41.3 180.8 ± 37.8 172.1 ± 44.4 Dissolved oxygen mg/l 6.3 ± 0.9 6.2 ± 1.0 7.1 ± 0.8 7.8 ± 0.7 6.2 ± 0.8 6.4 ± 1.2 Free CO2 mg/l 13.6 ± 4.0 13.8 ± 3.4 10.2 ± 2.8 10.3 ± 2.4 14.8 ± 4.6 13.9 ± 5.0 Total Alkalinity mg/l 70.3 ± 20.7 62.2 ± 13.4 92.3 ± 14.2 113.5 ± 24.6 105.8 ± 29.0 90.2 ± 29.9 Total Hardness mg/l 69.8 ± 20.3 60.8 ± 13.6 89.3 ± 16.9 113.0 ± 23.8 104.0 ± 26.2 88.8 ± 27.2 Parameters↓ Beels→ Doriya Dubori Tuni Baatomaari Jur Chereki Latitude 26°57′27.7″N 26°57′01.9″N 26° 58′35.3″N 26°59′25.9″N 26°59′45.3″N 26°58′25.4″N Longitude 94°10′02.4″E 94°16′13.8″E 94°15′57.8″E 94°13′08.0″E 94°14′34.4″E 94°10′38.7″E Altitude 70 m ASL 70 m ASL 67 m ASL 71 m ASL 71 m ASL 67 m ASL Water Temperature o C 24.2 ± 2.3 24.1 ± 1.9 23.9 ± 2.1 24.0 ± 1.9 23.9 ± 2.5 24.2 ± 1.7 pH 6.70 ± 0.32 6.61 ± 0.19 6.69 ± 0.14 6.87 ± 0.13 6.71 ± 0.14 6.62 ± 0.21 Sp. Conductivity µS/cm 110.2 ± 20.8 132.4 ± 18.6 123.6 ± 23.0 114.2 ± 20.5 130.8 ± 24.6 128.2 ± 33.2 Dissolved oxygen mg/l 5.8 ± 1.2 7.0 ± 0.9 5.1 ± 1.8 6.2 ± 0.9 5.9 ± 1.1 6.1.
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