Epizoic and Parasitic Rotifers

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Epizoic and Parasitic Rotifers Hydrobiologia 186/187: 59-67, 1989. C. Ricci, T. W. Snell and C. E. King (eds), Rotifer Symposium V. 59 © 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in Belgium. Epizoic and parasitic rotifers Linda May Institute of Freshwater Ecology, Edinburgh Research Station, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 OQB, Scotland, UK Key words: epizoic, parasitic, rotifers Abstract Many rotifer species live in close association with plants or other animals. Most of these associations are of a commensal or synoecious nature, some rotifer species having lost the ability to live independently. Few rotifers are true parasites, actually harming their hosts. The Seisonidae, Monogononta and Bdelloidea include epizoic and parasitic species. The most widely known are probably the parasites of colonial and filamentous algae (e.g. Volvox, Vaucheria). However, rotifers are also found on a wide range of invertebrates: colonial, sessile Protozoa; Porifera; Rotifera; Annelida; Bryozoa; Echinodermata; Mollusca, especially on the shells and egg masses of aquatic gastropods; Crustacea, including the lower forms (e.g. Daphnia, Asellus, Gammarus) and in the gill chambers of Astacus and Chasmagnathus; the aquatic larvae of insects. There appear to be few records of epizoic or parasitic rotifers among vertebrates, apart from Encentrum kozminskii on carp, Limnias ceratophylli on the Amazonian crocodile, Melanosuchus niger, and an unidentified Bdelloid apparently living as a pathogenic rotifer in Man. Introduction This paper reviews the literature which de- scribes parasitic or epizoic associations between Rotifers have long been known to live in close rotifers and other organisms. Much of this litera- association with other organisms, but little is ture was published in the late 1800's and early known of the types of relationships involved. It is 1900's, when naturalists spent many hours ob- difficult to judge from the literature whether these serving the behaviour of live specimens. Many of associations are parasitic, symbiotic, commensal, the species names given by the original authors epiphytic or epizoic. Many of the records are are now out-of-date; these have been updated, as simply anecdotal and, while some authors have far as possible, according to Harring (1913), guessed at the type of relationship involved, few Bartos (1951), Kutikova (1970) and Koste (1978). have based their guesses on careful biological This review is not exhaustive and, in many observation. For the purposes of this paper, a ways, adds little to the information given by parasitic rotifer is considered to be one which Budde (1925) because the topic has received so lives in or on a plant or animal species, feeding on little attention since that time. Hopefully, how- its host and completing its life cycle in that envi- ever, the details given below, organised according ronment. In contrast, an epizoic rotifer is defined to the type of host, will renew interest in this much as a rotifer which lives on another animal for all neglected area of rotifer research. The text is or part of its life, but does not feed on its host. divided into sections according to the kingdom 60 and, in some cases, the phylum (after Barnes 1984) by P. werneckii has been recorded in a variety of to which the various 'host' organisms belong. Vaucheria species, including V. prona, V. gemina- ta, V. dillwynii, V. erythrospora, V. ?racemosa and V. canalicularis (Davis & Gworek, 1973; Ott, Parasitic and epizoic associations 1977; Christensen, 1987). In general, the rotifer enters the developing gametophore of the Vauche- Protistaand Monera ria filament where it induces gall formation. Here it feeds on the cytoplasm of the host by breaking Rotifer parasites are common among colonies of the tonoplast and ingesting the cytoplasmic orga- Volvox, especially V. globator (Williams, 1852; nelles. The rotifer deposits its eggs within the Gosse, 1852; Hood, 1895; Galliford, 1946), galls; these hatch and the emergent rotifers escape V. aureus (Rousselet, 1911; Sauer, 1978), and to parasitise more filaments (Davis & Gworek, V. tertius (Ganf et al., 1983). These rotifers have 1973; Ott, 1977). been identified as Proales parasita (Ehr.) (Wil- Many rotifers are thought to be parasitic on liams, 1852; Thompson, 1892; Rousselet, 1911, protozoa, including Dicranophorus difflugarium 1914; Harring & Myers, 1922; Rich & Pocock, (Penard) on Difflugia acuminata var. inflata (Pen- 1933; Hollowday, 1949; Wulfert, 1960; Sauer, ard, 1914; Koste, 1978), Brachionus rubens Ehrb. 1978), Ascomorphella volvocicola (Plate) (Gosse on colonies of Carchesium, Proalesparasita and 1852; Hood, 1895; Murray, 1906; Galliford, Pleurotrochapetromyzonon colonies of Ophridium, 1946; Ganf et al., 1983) and, more rarely, Cepha- and Albertia vermisculus Dujardin on Limax lodella catellina volvocicola (Zawadovsky) (Ed- species (Koste, 1978). In contrast, Eosphora gibba mondson & Hutchinson, 1934). Parasitism in Garner seems to have a commensal association Ascomorphella volvocicola seems to be specific to with colonies of Carchesium and Vorticella, the Volvox species, as this rotifer has never been ob- rotifer benefiting from the food carried towards it served on other phytoplankton species, or living in the strong water currents generated by the freely (Ganf et al., 1983). The mature rotifer enters protozoa (Hollowday, 1949). the Volvox colony and feeds on the cells causing extensive damage (Hood, 1895; Hollowday, 1949; Ganf et al., 1983). Whether this actually Fungi causes the Volvox population to decline is un- certain (Ganf et al., 1983). Garner (1937) records Macrotrachela fungicola Rotifers have also been recorded as parasites Garner living in the gelatinous, orange-yellow on other colonial algae, Ptygura melicerta (Ehrb.) fungus Dacrymyces deliquescens on decayed on Gloeotrichia(Edmondson, 1940; Koste, 1978), wood, in Britain. M.fungicola is probably an Proalesparasita on Uroglenopsis americana (Car- ectoparasite of this fungus, but the exact relation- lin, 1939), Proales uroglena and P. parasita on ship between the species is unclear. Uroglena (Koste, 1978). Little is known of the relationships between these species. Rotifers have long been known to parasitise Plantae Vaucheria filaments (Lister, 1884; Thompson, 1892; Brain, 1894; Wollny, 1879), although these Bryophyta early authors were unsure of the identification of Although bdelloid rotifers are often found living the rotifer species involved. Later descriptions among mosses, few could be thought of as para- showed that Vaucheria filaments are usually para- sites. Habrotrocha roeperi (Milne) and Habrotro- sitised by Proales werneckii (Ehrb.) (Jennings, cha reclusa (Milne) may be the exceptions, as they 1894; Harring & Myers, 1922; Davis & Gworek, actually live inside the outer cells of submerged 1973; Ott, 1977; Christensen, 1987). Parasitism branches of Sphagnum (Milne, 1888; Bartos, 61 1951). Whether they simply live inside the empty trophi to suck out the body fluids. Among these cells, filtering food from the surrounding water parasites are Cephalodella parasitica (Jennings), (Milne, 1888), or whether they are true parasites, found on a variety of freshwater oligochaetes (e.g. is unknown. Vejdovkyella comata, Stylaria lacustris, Chaetogas- ter spp., Nais spp.) (Jennings, 1894; Beauchamp, 1905; Koste, 1972, 1978), and Drilophaga buce- Animalia phalus Vejdovsky, found on oligochaetes (e.g. Lumbriculus variegatus, Rhynchelmis sp., Stylodril- Porifera us sp., Nais elinguis) (Vejdovsky, 1883; Koste, Several rotifer species have been found living in 1978) and the body and posterior sucker of close association with the freshwater sponge leeches (e.g. Herpobdella octoculata, H. nigricollis, Spongilla lacustris in lakes of southern Sweden H. testacea and Hirudo medicinalis) (Pawlowski, (Berzins, 1950). The first, Ptygura melicerta 1935; Koste, 1978). Murray (1906) also records (Ehrb.) does not seem to injure the sponge in any Proales daphnicola as living epizoically on oligo- way and appears to have a commensal asso- chaetes. However, his identification of the rotifer ciation with its host. This species is invariably species in thought to be incorrect (Dr W Koste, found around the pores and oscula of the sponge, pers. comm.). taking advantage of the increased food supply Endoparasitic rotifers of worms were originally carried in the water currents generated by its host. discovered by Dujardin (1838) who found Albertia However, Lecane clara (Bryce) and Lepadella vermisculus in the expressed body fluids of triba Myers, do appear to be true parasites. They earthworms and slugs. The parasites live in the graze on the sponge itself, leaving furrows up to gut of their host and most belong to the genera 50 m deep in the surface tissues. Neither of these Albertia (A. vermisculus, A. crystallina Schuiltze, species appears to be an obligate parasite, as both A. naidis Bousfield, A. reichelti Koste, A. bernhar- are also found swimming freely and have no di Hlava) and Balatro (B. calvus Claparede, B. fri- particular adaptation to a parasitic way of life. dericiae Kunst, B. anguiformis Issel, B. aciliatus (Radkevitsch)). The hosts of Albertia species in- Rotifera clude the freshwater oligochaetes Stylaria spp. Records of rotifers parasitising other rotifer (e.g. S. proboscidae, S. lacustris) (Levander, 1894; species are rare. However, it has been noted that Hlava, 1905; Murray, 1906; Koste, 1969, 1970), Acyclus inquietus Leidy is parasitic on colonies of Nais species (Hudson & Gosse, 1886; Bilfinger, Sinatherina socialis
Recommended publications
  • Gnesiotrocha, Monogononta, Rotifera) in Thale Noi Lake, Thailand
    Zootaxa 2997: 1–18 (2011) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2011 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Diversity of sessile rotifers (Gnesiotrocha, Monogononta, Rotifera) in Thale Noi Lake, Thailand PHURIPONG MEKSUWAN1, PORNSILP PHOLPUNTHIN1 & HENDRIK SEGERS2,3 1Plankton Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Songkhla, Thai- land. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Freshwater Laboratory, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author Abstract In response to a clear gap in knowledge on the biodiversity of sessile Gnesiotrocha rotifers at both global as well as re- gional Southeast Asian scales, we performed a study of free-living colonial and epiphytic rotifers attached to fifteen aquat- ic plant species in Thale Noi Lake, the first Ramsar site in Thailand. We identified 44 different taxa of sessile rotifers, including thirty-nine fixosessile species and three planktonic colonial species. This corresponds with about 40 % of the global sessile rotifer diversity, and is the highest alpha-diversity of the group ever recorded from a single lake. The record further includes a new genus, Lacinularoides n. gen., containing a single species L. coloniensis (Colledge, 1918) n. comb., which is redescribed, and several possibly new species, one of which, Ptygura thalenoiensis n. spec. is formally described here. Ptygura noodti (Koste, 1972) n. comb. is relocated from Floscularia, based on observations of living specimens of this species, formerly known only from preserved, contracted specimens from the Amazon region.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards a Management Hierarchy (Classification) for the Catalogue of Life
    TOWARDS A MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY (CLASSIFICATION) FOR THE CATALOGUE OF LIFE Draft Discussion Document Rationale The Catalogue of Life partnership, comprising Species 2000 and ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System), has the goal of achieving a comprehensive catalogue of all known species on Earth by the year 2011. The actual number of described species (after correction for synonyms) is not presently known but estimates suggest about 1.8 million species. The collaborative teams behind the Catalogue of Life need an agreed standard classification for these 1.8 million species, i.e. a working hierarchy for management purposes. This discussion document is intended to highlight some of the issues that need clarifying in order to achieve this goal beyond what we presently have. Concerning Classification Life’s diversity is classified into a hierarchy of categories. The best-known of these is the Kingdom. When Carl Linnaeus introduced his new “system of nature” in the 1750s ― Systema Naturae per Regna tria naturae, secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species …) ― he recognised three kingdoms, viz Plantae, Animalia, and a third kingdom for minerals that has long since been abandoned. As is evident from the title of his work, he introduced lower-level taxonomic categories, each successively nested in the other, named Class, Order, Genus, and Species. The most useful and innovative aspect of his system (which gave rise to the scientific discipline of Systematics) was the use of the binominal, comprising genus and species, that uniquely identified each species of organism. Linnaeus’s system has proven to be robust for some 250 years. The starting point for botanical names is his Species Plantarum, published in 1753, and that for zoological names is the tenth edition of the Systema Naturae published in 1758.
    [Show full text]
  • February 15, 2012 Chapter 34 Notes: Flatworms, Roundworms and Rotifers
    February 15, 2012 Chapter 34 Notes: Flatworms, Roundworms and Rotifers Section 1 Platyhelminthes Section 2 Nematoda and Rotifera 34-1 Objectives Summarize the distinguishing characteristics of flatworms. Describe the anatomy of a planarian. Compare free-living and parasitic flatworms. Diagram the life cycle of a fluke. Describe the life cycle of a tapeworm. Structure and Function of Flatworms · The phylum Platyhelminthes includes organisms called flatworms. · They are more complex than sponges but are the simplest animals with bilateral symmetry. · Their bodies develop from three germ layers: · ectoderm · mesoderm · endoderm · They are acoelomates with dorsoventrally flattened bodies. · They exhibit cephalization. · The classification of Platyhelminthes has undergone many recent changes. Characteristics of Flatworms February 15, 2012 Class Turbellaria · The majority of species in the class Turbellaria live in the ocean. · The most familiar turbellarians are the freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia. · Planarians have a spade-shaped anterior end and a tapered posterior end. Class Turbellaria Continued Digestion and Excretion in Planarians · Planarians feed on decaying plant or animal matter and smaller organisms. · Food is ingested through the pharynx. · Planarians eliminate excess water through a network of excretory tubules. · Each tubule is connected to several flame cells. · The water is transported through the tubules and excreted from pores on the body surface. Class Turbellaria Continued Neural Control in Planarians · The planarian nervous system is more complex than the nerve net of cnidarians. · The cerebral ganglia serve as a simple brain. · A planarian’s nervous system gives it the ability to learn. · Planarians sense light with eyespots. · Other sensory cells respond to touch, water currents, and chemicals in the environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Additives That Consistently Enhance Rotifer Growth Under Synxenic Culture Conditions 1
    Aquaculture 182Ž. 2000 249±260 www.elsevier.nlrlocateraqua-online Bacterial additives that consistently enhance rotifer growth under synxenic culture conditions 1. Evaluation of commercial products and pure isolates P.A. Douillet ) The UniÕersity of Texas at Austin, Marine Science Institute, 1300 Port Street, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA Accepted 20 July 1999 Abstract Axenic rotifers Ž.Brachionus plicatilis MullerÈ were cultured under aseptic conditions; they were fed either a bacteria-free artificial dietŽ. AD , or axenic Isochrysis galbana, or a combination of axenic Chlorella minutissima and the bacteria-free AD. The medium was inoculated with commercial bacterial additives or cultured strains of marine bacteria. The highest improvements in growth rateŽ. GR of rotifer populations were obtained with laboratory grown bacteria. Addition of an Alteromonas strain and an unidentified Gram negative strainŽ. B3 consistently enhanced rotifer GR in all experiments, and under all feeding regimes in comparison with control cultures inoculated with microbial communities present in seawater, or maintained bacteria-free. None of the other isolates or commercial products were consistent in their enhancement of rotifer production. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Rotifer; Brachionus plicatilis; Isochrysis galbana 1. Introduction The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis has become a valuable and, in many cases indis- pensable, food organism for first feeding of a large variety of cultured marine finfish and crustacean larvaeŽ. Watanabe et al., 1983; Lubzens et al., 1997 . However, suppressed ) 1692 Houghton Ct North, Dunwoody, GA 30338, USA. Tel.: q1-770-671-9393; E-mail: philippe± [email protected] 0044-8486r00r$ - see front matter q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biodiverse Rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria)
    Bonn zoological Bulletin 68 (1): 147–162 ISSN 2190–7307 2019 · Sharma B.K. & Sharma S. http://www.zoologicalbulletin.de https://doi.org/10.20363/BZB-2019.68.1.147 Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D9308652-B9BF-4BBB-B573-F1C4B53E1AC5 The biodiverse rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria) of Northeast India: faunal heterogeneity, biogeography, richness in diverse ecosystems and interesting species assemblages Bhushan Kumar Sharma1, * & Sumita Sharma2 1, 2 Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong – 793 022, Meghalaya, India * Corresponding author: Email: [email protected] 1 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:FD069583-6E71-46D6-8F45-90A87F35BEFE 2 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:668E0FE0-C474-4D0D-9339-F01ADFD239D1 Abstract. The biodiverse Rotifera of northeast India (NEI) revealed 303 species belonging to 53 genera and 24 families; ~96% of these species examined from seven states of NEI affirm the rotifer heterogeneity of our plankton and semi-plank- ton collections. This study documents the record number of species of global and regional biogeographic interest, high- lights affinity with Southeast Asian and Australian faunas, and indicates notable heterogeneity in richness and composition amongst the seven northeastern states. The speciose rotifers of small lentic biotopes of Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura, the floodplain lakes beels( ) and small wetlands (dobas and dubies) of the Brahmaputra and the Barak floodplains of Assam, and the floodplain lakes (pats) of Manipur are noteworthy. Deepor Beel and Loktak Lake (two Ramsar sites) are the globally rich rotifer `hotspots’. Interesting assemblages per sample of 80+ species in certain beels and pats, and up to 50 species in dobas and dubies depict the `Rotifera paradox’.
    [Show full text]
  • Culture of Brachionus Plicatilis Feeding with Powdered Dried Chlorella
    The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2010) 27(2) : 91 – 98 Culture of Brachionus plicatilis feeding with powdered dried Chlorella S. Mostary1*, M. S. Rahman, A. S. M. S. Mandal, K. M. M. Hasan2, Z. Rehena2 and S. M. A. Basar1 Departments of Fisheries Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh Abstract The rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was cultured with powdered dried Chlorella in treatment 1, live or fresh cultured Chlorella in treatment 2, and baker’s yeast in treatment 3. All the jars under three treatments were stocked with B. plicatilis at the initial density of 10 individuals per ml. The water temperature, air temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were within the suitable range for B. plicatilis culture. The highest population densities of B. plicatilis in treatments 1, 2 and 3 were 60000, 50000 and 30000 (individual/L), respectively. The powered dried Chlorella was comparable with live Chlorella and may be used successfully as a feed for B. plicatilis. (Bangl. vet. 2010. Vol. 27, No. 2, 91 – 98) Introduction Brachionus plicatilis is a brackishwater rotifer, which has been used as food for marine fish larvae and planktonic crustaceans throughout the world (Watanable et al., 1983). But several authors have demonstrated the importance of rotifers as food for freshwater larvae (Hale and Carlson, 1972). B. plicatilis has been recognized as a potential food for shrimp larvae in addition to or as a replacement for Artemia (Hirata et al., 1985). In order to attain stable mass production of rotifers, it is desirable to develop a food source that will support rotifer growth completely by itself.
    [Show full text]
  • About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
    About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Available Names in Zoology, Candidate Part Phylum Rotifera, Genus-Group Names Established Before 1 January 2000
    List of Available Names in Zoology, Candidate Part Phylum Rotifera, genus-group names established before 1 January 2000 compiled by Christian D. Jersabek Willem H. De Smet Claus Hinz Diego Fontaneto Charles G. Hussey Evangelia Michaloudi Robert L. Wallace Hendrik Segers 05 August 2015 List of Available Names in Zoology, candidate part Phylum Rotifera – Genus-group names Abrochtha, Bryce 1910; Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club, (ser. 2) 11: p.77; type species, by original mono- typy: Philodina intermedia Beauchamp, 1909 [valid; gender feminine] Acanthodactylus, Tessin 1890; Archiv der Freunde der Naturgeschichte in Mecklenburg, 43: p.152; type species, by subsequent designation (Wiszniewski, 1954: Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii, 2: p.121): Trichoda rattus Müller, 1776; preoccupied by Acanthodactylus Wiegmann, 1834 (Reptilia) [permanently invalid, junior objective synonym of Trichocerca Lamarck, 1801; gender masculine] Actinurus, Ehrenberg 1830; in Ehrenberg, C G, Organisation, Systematik und geographisches Verhältnis der Infusi- onsthierchen. Zwei Vorträge in der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin gehalten in den Jahren 1828 [Die geo- graphische Verbreitung der Infusionsthierchen in Nord-Afrika und West-Asien, beobachtet auf Hemprich und Ehren- bergs Reisen] und 1830 [Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Organisation der Infusorien und ihrer geographischen Verbrei- tung, besonders in Sibirien]: p.68; type species, by original monotypy: Actinurus neptunius Ehrenberg, 1830 [junior subjective synonym of Rotaria Scopoli, 1777; gender masculine]
    [Show full text]
  • New Records of 13 Rotifers Including Bryceella Perpusilla Wilts Et Al., 2010 and Philodina Lepta Wulfert, 1951 from Korea
    Journal26 of Species Research 6(Special Edition):26-37,JOURNAL 2017 OF SPECIES RESEARCH Vol. 6, Special Edition New records of 13 rotifers including Bryceella perpusilla Wilts et al., 2010 and Philodina lepta Wulfert, 1951 from Korea Min Ok Song* Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangwon-do 25457, Republic of Korea *Correspondent: [email protected], [email protected] Rotifers collected from various terrestrial and aquatic habitats such as mosses on trees or rocks, tree barks, wet mosses and wet leaf litter at streams, and dry leaf litter at four different locations in Korea, were investigated. Thirteen species belonging to nine genera in five families of monogonont and bdelloid rotifers were identified: Bryceella perpusilla Wilts, Martinez Arbizu and Ahlrichs, 2010, Collotheca ornata (Ehrenberg, 1830), Habrotrocha flava Bryce, 1915, H. pusilla (Bryce, 1893), Macrotrachela aculeata Milne, 1886, M. plicata (Bryce, 1892), Mniobia montium Murray, 1911, M. tentans Donner, 1949, Notommata cyrtopus Gosse, 1886, Philodina lepta Wulfert, 1951, P. tranquilla Wulfert, 1942, Pleuretra hystrix Bartoš, 1950 and Proalinopsis caudatus (Collins, 1873). All these rotifers are new to Korea, and B. perpusilla, H. flava, M. montium, P. caudatus, P. hystrix and P. lepta are new to Asia as well. Of interest, the present study is the first to record B. perpusilla outside its type locality. In addition, P. lepta has previously been recorded from only three European countries. Keywords: Korea, new records, rotifera, taxonomy, terrestrial habitats Ⓒ 2017 National Institute of Biological Resources DOI:10.12651/JSR.2017.6(S).037 INTRODUCTION (Donner, 1965). The present study is the first record of Philodina lepta outside Europe as well as the fourth A taxonomic study of rotifers collected from various overall.
    [Show full text]
  • Invertebrate Fauna of Korea of Fauna Invertebrate
    Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Fauna Invertebrate Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 10, Number 1 Rotifera: Eurotatoria: Bdelloidea: Philodinida: Habrotrochidae, Philodinidae Rotifera I Vol. 10, 10, Vol. No. 1 Rotifera I Flora and Fauna of Korea National Institute of Biological Resources NIBR Ministry of Environment Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 10, Number 1 Rotifera: Eurotatoria: Bdelloidea: Philodinida: Habrotrochidae, Philodinidae Rotifera I 2015 National Institute of Biological Resources Ministry of Environment Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 10, Number 1 Rotifera: Eurotatoria: Bdelloidea: Philodinida: Habrotrochidae, Philodinidae Rotifera I Min Ok Song Gangneung-Wonju National University Invertebrate Fauna of Korea Volume 10, Number 1 Rotifera: Eurotatoria: Bdelloidea: Philodinida: Habrotrochidae, Philodinidae Rotifera I Copyright ⓒ 2015 by the National Institute of Biological Resources Published by the National Institute of Biological Resources Environmental Research Complex, Hwangyeong-ro 42, Seo-gu Incheon 22689, Republic of Korea www.nibr.go.kr All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the National Institute of Biological Resources. ISBN : 9788968112065-96470 Government Publications Registration Number 11-1480592-000989-01 Printed by Junghaengsa, Inc. in Korea on acid-free paper Publisher : Kim, Sang-Bae Author : Min Ok Song Project Staff : Joo-Lae Cho, Jumin Jun and Jin Han Kim Published on November 30, 2015 The Flora and Fauna of Korea logo was designed to represent six major target groups of the project including vertebrates, invertebrates, insects, algae, fungi, and bacteria. The book cover and the logo were designed by Jee-Yeon Koo.
    [Show full text]
  • Flatworms/ Rotifers 1) Clade (Clades Are a Group of Related Phylum) Platyzoa A) Platyzoa Consist of 6 Phyla, However Most of T
    Flatworms/ Rotifers 1) Clade (clades are a group of related phylum) Platyzoa a) Platyzoa consist of 6 phyla, however most of these phyla are represented by a very small number of species and are debated on where they fall taxonomically. b) These organisms represent the beginning or bilateral symmetry i) For organisms like sponges and Cnidarians it is to their advantage to be radial symmetrical because they can collect food from any angle ii) However now organisms show a distinct head and tail end and better movement to go after food items 2) Phylum Platyhelminthes a) This is the group of flat worms. b) It consist of four classes c) All but one class are parasitic in nature d) Feeding i) Platyhelminthes have an incomplete gut. ii) Most have a mouth, pharynx, and intestine (1) The advancement of having a small intestine increases surface area and thus increases the amount of nutrients absorbed. iii) Many of the non-parasitic species have a pharynx (connection between mouth and intestines) that has the ability to extend out of the mouth in order to gather resources. iv) Parasitic forms have to have some specialized feeding apparatus to extract nutrients from their host without causing too much harm. e) Sense organs i) Here is also an evolutionary advancement in nerve cells (1) The simplest forms are similar to Cnidarians, however, others have in addition one or more longitudinal nerve cords creating a “ladder” style pattern. (2) Towards the superior end there is a cluster of nerves that serves as a rudimentary brain ii) Tactile cells (cells that detect pressure) and chemoreceptors (cells that stimulate in response to a chemical) are abundant all over the body.
    [Show full text]
  • Rotifer Species Diversity in Mexico: an Updated Checklist
    diversity Review Rotifer Species Diversity in Mexico: An Updated Checklist S. S. S. Sarma 1,* , Marco Antonio Jiménez-Santos 2 and S. Nandini 1 1 Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, FES Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Av. de Los Barrios No. 1, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico; [email protected] 2 Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-55-56231256 Abstract: A review of the Mexican rotifer species diversity is presented here. To date, 402 species of rotifers have been recorded from Mexico, besides a few infraspecific taxa such as subspecies and varieties. The rotifers from Mexico represent 27 families and 75 genera. Molecular analysis showed about 20 cryptic taxa from species complexes. The genera Lecane, Trichocerca, Brachionus, Lepadella, Cephalodella, Keratella, Ptygura, and Notommata accounted for more than 50% of all species recorded from the Mexican territory. The diversity of rotifers from the different states of Mexico was highly heterogeneous. Only five federal entities (the State of Mexico, Michoacán, Veracruz, Mexico City, Aguascalientes, and Quintana Roo) had more than 100 species. Extrapolation of rotifer species recorded from Mexico indicated the possible occurrence of more than 600 species in Mexican water bodies, hence more sampling effort is needed. In the current review, we also comment on the importance of seasonal sampling in enhancing the species richness and detecting exotic rotifer taxa in Mexico. Keywords: rotifera; distribution; checklist; taxonomy Citation: Sarma, S.S.S.; Jiménez-Santos, M.A.; Nandini, S. Rotifer Species Diversity in Mexico: 1.
    [Show full text]