Appendices (3.601Mb)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Appendices (3.601Mb) University of Plymouth PEARL https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk 04 University of Plymouth Research Theses 01 Research Theses Main Collection 2015 Palaeoecology of the late Permian mass extinction and subsequent recovery Foster, William J. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/5467 Plymouth University All content in PEARL is protected by copyright law. Author manuscripts are made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the details provided on the item record or document. In the absence of an open licence (e.g. Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher or author. Appendix 2.1: Balaton Highlands and Bükk Mountains Investigated sites. The Permian-Triassic succession of Balaton Highlands comprises part of the ALCAPA megaunit (Kóvacs and Haas, 2010) and is represented by Permian fluvial red sandstones and Triassic shallow marine rocks. The Lower Triassic succession in the Balaton Highlands is divided into four formations: the Kóveskál Dolomite Formation, Arács Marl Formation, Hidegkút Formation and Csopak Marl Formation (Figure A2.1). These formations paraconformably overlay the Permian Baltonfelvidék Formation and are capped by the Middle Triassic Aszòfo Dolomite Formation (Haas et al., 2012). Field visits (June 2012) to the Balaton Highlands (Figure A2.2) recorded 5m of the Kóveskál Formation at Balatonfüred; 15m at Balataonálmadi; and 1m of the Csopak Marl Formation at the Sóly section. Broglio Loriga et al. (1990) studied the biostratigraphy of the entire succession, but their data, were acquired from a trench that is no longer exposed (János Haas, pers. comm.) and their collections were not available for study (Renato Posenato, pers. comm.). The Bükk Mountains succession is composed of very low-grade metamorphosed, shallow marine Upper Permian and deep marine Lower Triassic deposits and belongs to the sheared MHMU (Haas et al., 2006). The Lower Triassic succession is represented by the Gerennavár Limestone Formation and Ablakoskővölgy Formation (Figure A2.1). These conformably overly the Changhsingian Nagyvisnyó Limestone Formation (Haas et al., 2006; Sudar et al., 2008) and are overlain by the Middle Triassic Hámor Dolomite Formation (Figure A2.1). In the Bükk Mountains exposures of undeformed Lower Triassic strata are limited to the well-studied 4m thick Bálvány-North section; the 8m thick Bálvány-East section; and an inaccessible 40m section at Gerennavár (Figure A2.3). The 250m road-cut section at Lillafüred is tectonically deformed, thus unsuitable for investigation (Hips and Pelikán, 2002; Figure A2.3). -333- Figure A2.1: Formation subdivision of the Lower Triassic sequences of Hungary in the Balaton Highlands (after Haas et al., 2012), Bükk Mountains (after Haas et al., 2007) and Aggtelek-Rudabanya Mountains (after Hips, 1998). Vertical blank lines indicate an unconformity. -334- Figure A2.2: Locality maps of the study sites in Balaton Highlands Range. A) The Transdanubian Mountain Range showing the surface extent of the Triassic formations (after Haas and Budai, 1999). B) Balatonfüred road-cut. C) Balatonalmádi. D) Sóly. Figure A2.3: Locality maps of the study sites in the Bükk Mountains. B) Study site locations within the Bükk National Park. C) Permian/Triassic boundary sections: Bálvány-North, Bálvány-East and Gerennavár. D) Lillafüred. -335- Appendix 2.2: Polished slab taxonomy Polished slab taxonomy Specimens that could be confidently identified on bedding surfaces of carbonate and sandstone beds were cut along the transverse and sagittal plane to reveal information on the shell shape, thickness, composition and ornamentation when viewed in cross- section. These features were then used to discriminate between different taxa observed in the polished slab samples (Table A2.1). Sections of fossils that were only observed in polished slab and not on bedding planes, at best, were only identifiable to genus-level, e.g. Microconchus, based on observations of thin sections in previous Lower Triassic studies (Table 1). Shell fragments observed in the polished slabs were identified as such and not included in the analysis. Using the polished technique does include some uncertainty as discriminating between some species is not possible from a two-dimensional view, e.g. cf. Unionites fassaensis and cf. Unionites canalensis. The specimens identified from the polished slab technique were, therefore, identified to the lowest taxonomic level to which they could be confidently assigned, e.g. Unionites only identified to genus-level in this study. -336- Table A2.1: Classification of benthic fossil invertebrates in polished section from the Lower Triassic of the Aggtelek Karst. Polished slab Description Remarks Bivalve sp. A Thin, slightly convex bivalve shell with This bivalve was not observed in the reference material, and bivalves with irregular spaced, large acute ribs. The ribs large irregular spaced acute ribs are currently unreported from the Lower are loosely packed along the shell. Triassic of central Europe. Bivalve sp. B Thin, moderately convex, smooth bivalve This bivalve morphology is similar to N. ovatus (see below), except that the shell. The bivalve shell has three layers thickness of the outer layers of the shell is thicker. with the middle layer being the thickest. Bivalve sp. C Thin, moderately convex bivalve shell This bivalve morphology is similar to Eurmophotis. The presence of acute ribs, with densely packed acute ribs. however, means that the morphology can be distinguished from Eumorphotis. Another genus with densely packed acute ribs is Costatoria, however, Bivalve sp. C occurs in the Tesero Member and Costatoria is not recorded until the Campil Member. In addition, the shell thickness is thinner than observed for Costatoria. -337- Bivalve sp. D A large bivalve shell, highly convex, A reference sample was observed for this morphology, however, due to the smooth, with a slightly variable size. Shell poor preservation this bivalve morphology cannot not be assigned to species, structure consists of a single layer. genus or family-level. This morphology is similar to Unionites, but differs in being more convex and having a single thin shell layer. A Unionites mode of life, therefore, was also interpreted for this morphology. Claraia clarai group Thin bivalve shell, slightly convex, with Indistinguishable from Claraia stachei in polished section but C. stachei has regularly spaced folds. not been recorded from the Aggtelek Karst and all specimens on the surfaces of the polished slab samples were identifiable as C. clarai. These differ from Scythentolium in having visible folds and possessing a thinner shell. Claraia and the Pterinopectinidae possess thin shells with two shell layers: a calcitic outer layer and aragonitic inner layer (Newell and Boyd, 1995; Carter, 1990). In this study, these bivalve shells appear as moulds or casts. Claraia aurita Thin bivalve shell, slightly to moderately In the polished slabs these shells are much larger (up to 30mm) and more convex, with no ornamentation. convex than cf. Unionites. Claraia aurita differs from C. wangi-griesbachi in being significantly larger. This shell morphology is also similar to Eumorphotis, however, in the bulk samples the stratigraphic ranges of C. aurita, C. wangi-griesbachi and Eumorphotis do not overlap. In addition, this shell morphology was only recorded in one polished slab sample that also had C. aurita on the bedding plane. -338- Claraia wangi-griesbachi Thin bivalve shell, slightly to moderately In polished slab C. wangi-griesbachi is indistinguishable from C. aurita. The convex with no ornamentation. ranges of these two species, however, have not been recorded to overlap in Hungary or Italy. This morphology in the Mazzin Member, Italy, is, therefore, assigned to C. wangi-griesbachi and in the Siusi Member to C. aurita. Eumorphotis spp. Thin bivalve shell, slightly to moderately Eumorphotis is a diverse Lower Triassic genus and distinguishing between the convex. Has a three-layered shell structure different species identified in central Europe using polished slabs is not with each layer being a similar thickness. possible. Eumorphotis differs from Bakevellia in lacking a steeply sloping Ornamentation consists of rounded ribs, or anterior margin and from Scythentolium in having a thinner shell. Eumorphotis if the valve is cut along the sagittal planes has been variably placed within the Heteropectinidae (Hofmann et al., 2014), the valve appears smooth. Etheripectinidae (Posenato et al., 2005; Hautmann et al., 2011) and Aviculopectinidae (Carter, 1990; Ros-Franch et al., 2014). The shell structure differs from the calcitic shell structure of the Heteropectinidae figured by Newell and Boyd (1995) and does not resemble any of the variable shell structures of the genera in the Aviculopectinidae (Carter, 1990). The shell structure of the Etheripectinidae has not been described and no comparison is yet possible. Scythentolium sp. Relatively large bivalve shell, smooth, These specimens and reference samples lack ornamentation of S. tirolicum slightly convex with a thick shell divided described by Wittenburg (1908). The smooth morphology and slightly into three layers with a thick middle layer inequilateral shell is more similar to Scythentolium sp. A figured by Hofmann and thinner inner and outer layers. et al. (2015a). The shell structure of entoliids is poorly known (Carter, 1990), and the right and left valves have different microstructures. No differences
Recommended publications
  • Probabilistic Models of Species Discovery and Biodiversity
    Probabilistic models of species discovery and biodiversity comparisons Stewart M. Ediea,1, Peter D. Smitsb, and David Jablonskia,b,1 aDepartment of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; and bCommittee on Evolutionary Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Contributed by David Jablonski, February 16, 2017 (sent for review October 3, 2016; reviewed by Gene Hunt, Mark McPeek, and Andy Purvis) Inferring large-scale processes that drive biodiversity hinges on tion. We use this model to assess the stability of observed differ- understanding the phylogenetic and spatial pattern of species rich- ences in regional and among-clade diversity for a major animal ness. However, clades and geographic regions are accumulating group that has accrued newly described species at an unabated newly described species at an uneven rate, potentially affecting rate for the past 165 years: the marine bivalves. the stability of currently observed diversity patterns. Here, we In our Bayesian time series model [available from Zenodo present a probabilistic model of species discovery to assess the (doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.159033)], the number of species de- uncertainty in diversity levels among clades and regions. We use scribed in a given year is a function of the long- and short-term a Bayesian time series regression to estimate the long-term trend trends in description rate. We first model the trajectory of in the rate of species description for marine bivalves and find a dis- species accumulation using only the history of currently valid tinct spatial bias in the accumulation of new species. Despite these species description beginning with Linnaeus (14), the start- biases, probabilistic estimates of future species richness show con- ing point of formal taxonomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the Tarava Seamounts, Society Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia)
    Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the Tarava Seamounts, Society Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia) Henk H. DIJKSTRA Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Department of Marine Zoology, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden (The Netherlands) [email protected] Philippe MAESTRATI Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Évolution, UMR 7138, case postale 51, 57, rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 (France) [email protected] Dijkstra H. H. & Maestrati P. 2013. — Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) from the Tarava Seamounts, Society Islands and the Tuamotu Archipelago (French Polynesia). Zoosystema 35 (3): 361-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2013n3a2 ABSTRACT Eighteen species of Pectinoidea (six Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954, one KEY WORDS Bivalvia, Entoliidae Teppner, 1922, eleven Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815) are listed from French Polynesia, the Tarava Seamounts, Society Islands and Tuamotu Archipelago, French littoral, Polynesia. Four Propeamussiidae species (Parvamussium lamellatum n. sp., bathyal, new species, Parvamussium scutulatum n. sp., Parvamussium vesiculosum n. sp., Cyclopecten new records. comptulus n. sp.) are new to science. RÉSUMÉ Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae and Pectinidae) des Monts sous- marins Tarava, des Îles de la Société et de l’Archipel des Tuamotu (Polynésie française). Dix-huit espèces de Pectinoidea (six Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954, un Ento- MOTS CLÉS Bivalvia, liidae Teppner, 1922, onze Pectinidae Rafinesque, 1815) ont été récoltées des Polynésie française, Monts sous-marins Tarava, des Îles de la Société, et de l’Archipel des Tuamotu, littoral, Polynésie française. Quatre espèces de Propeamussiidae (Parvamussium lamel- bathyal, espèces nouvelles, latum n. sp., Parvamussium scutulatum n. sp., Parvamussium vesiculosum n. sp., nouvelles occurences.
    [Show full text]
  • From the Indonesian Archipelago
    A contribution to the knowledge of the pectinacean Mollusca (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from the Indonesian Archipelago H.H. Dijkstra Dijkstra, H.H. A contribution to the knowledge of the pectinacean Mollusca (Bivalvia: Propea- mussiidae, Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from the Indonesian Archipelago. Zool. Verh. Leiden 271, 24.xii.l991: l-57, figs. 1-94, 1 table. — ISSN 0024-1652. Key words: Mollusca; Bivalvia; Propeamussiidae; Entoliidae; Pectinidae; taxonomy; Indonesia. Abstract: During the Indonesian-Dutch SNELLIUS -II Expedition (1984-1985) to the Indonesian Archipelago 46 pectinacean species were collected from the Flores Sea and Banda Sea (5°52'-9°57'S, 118°12'-123°58'E) at littoral to bathyal depth (835 m). One new pectinid genus, viz. Glorichlamys gen. nov., six new propeamussiids, viz. Parvamussium araneum spec. nov., Parvamussium carbaseum spec. nov., Parvamussium cassium spec. nov., Parvamussium undosum spec. nov., Parvamussium virgatum spec. nov., Cyclopecten cancellus spec. nov., and one new entoliid, viz. Pectinella aequoris spec. nov. are described. Twelve new records of Pectinacea for this region are mentioned. For Ostrea squamosa Gmelin, 1791 a lectotype is designated. In addition Pectinidae of the SNELLIUS-Expedition (1929- 1930) to the eastern region of Indonesia, and material collected by Dr B.W. Hoeksema near Sulawesi (1985, 1986) are reported upon. H.H. Dijkstra, Zoological Museum Amsterdam, P.O. Box 4766, 1009 AT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Contents Introduction 3 Acknowledgements and abbreviations 5 Systematic part 6 Propeamussiidae 6 Entoliidae 23 Pectinidae 25 References 50 Index 55 Introduction For several centuries already Pectinidae are known from the Indonesian Archi• pelago. These were brought to Europe by explorers and commercial travellers.
    [Show full text]
  • Foster Et Al., 2017A.Pdf
    Provided by the author(s) and University College Dublin Library in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title A silicified Early Triassic marine assemblage from Svalbard Authors(s) Foster, William J.; Danise, Silvia; Twitchett, Richard J. Publication date 2016-11-10 Publication information Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 15 (10): 851-877 Publisher Taylor & FrancisNatural Environment Research Council (NERC) grant [NE/I005641] Item record/more information http://hdl.handle.net/10197/10921 Publisher's statement This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Publisher's version (DOI) 10.1080/14772019.2016.1245680 Downloaded 2021-10-01T07:17:08Z The UCD community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters! (@ucd_oa) © Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1245680 A silicified Early Triassic marine assemblage from Svalbard William J. Fostera,b,c*, Silvia Daniseb,d and Richard J. Twitchettc aJackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; bEarth Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; cDepartment of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK; dDepartment of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA (Received 7 December 2015; accepted 31 August 2016) Understanding how the marine biosphere recovered from the late Permian mass extinction event is a major evolutionary question.
    [Show full text]
  • Notes on the Mountain Limestone and Lower Carboniferous Rocks of the Fifeshire Coast from Burntisland to St Andrews
    ( 385 ) XVI.—Notes on the Mountain Limestone and Lower Carboniferous Rocks of the Fifeshire Coast from Burntisland to St Andrews. By the Rev. THOMAS BROWN, Edinburgh. (Read 17th April 1860.) Introduction. Mountain Limestone—continued. I. General Course of Strata. 2. Estuarine Strata, F to L. II. Trap Rocks. 3. Limestone L. III. Mountain Limestone. IV. Lower Carboniferous. 1. Six Upper Limestones, A to F. Myalina Beds. Corals. Petrified Trees. Shells. Marine Beds. Crustacea. Fossils. Fish. V. Results—The Two Groups defined. Tuberculated Fish. Introduction. In this paper I shall first refer to the circumstances under which the follow- ing observations were made. I had gone in the autumn of 1856 for a few weeks to Elie on the Fife coast, and was induced, as a means of relaxation and exercise in the open air, to pay some attention to the geology of the neighbourhood, resuming for a brief interval what was once a favourite pursuit. About a mile to the east of the village, I found a stratum well deserving attention—a thin bed of limestone—dipping in- land a little beyond the cliff on which stands the ruined Castle of Ardross. The fossil shells which it contained were of unusual form, and beautifully preserved ; there were fish remains of two or three species, and a small group of crustaceans still more remarkable. Among the fish I thought I could detect the large scales of an Irish species—the Holoirtijchius Fortlockii—and among the crustaceans there were the valves of Dithyrocaris, a genus particularly characteristic of the Irish beds. At once the question arose whether these fossils might not serve as links connecting this Ardross bed with the Irish series.
    [Show full text]
  • TREATISE ONLINE Number 48
    TREATISE ONLINE Number 48 Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 31: Illustrated Glossary of the Bivalvia Joseph G. Carter, Peter J. Harries, Nikolaus Malchus, André F. Sartori, Laurie C. Anderson, Rüdiger Bieler, Arthur E. Bogan, Eugene V. Coan, John C. W. Cope, Simon M. Cragg, José R. García-March, Jørgen Hylleberg, Patricia Kelley, Karl Kleemann, Jiří Kříž, Christopher McRoberts, Paula M. Mikkelsen, John Pojeta, Jr., Peter W. Skelton, Ilya Tëmkin, Thomas Yancey, and Alexandra Zieritz 2012 Lawrence, Kansas, USA ISSN 2153-4012 (online) paleo.ku.edu/treatiseonline PART N, REVISED, VOLUME 1, CHAPTER 31: ILLUSTRATED GLOSSARY OF THE BIVALVIA JOSEPH G. CARTER,1 PETER J. HARRIES,2 NIKOLAUS MALCHUS,3 ANDRÉ F. SARTORI,4 LAURIE C. ANDERSON,5 RÜDIGER BIELER,6 ARTHUR E. BOGAN,7 EUGENE V. COAN,8 JOHN C. W. COPE,9 SIMON M. CRAgg,10 JOSÉ R. GARCÍA-MARCH,11 JØRGEN HYLLEBERG,12 PATRICIA KELLEY,13 KARL KLEEMAnn,14 JIřÍ KřÍž,15 CHRISTOPHER MCROBERTS,16 PAULA M. MIKKELSEN,17 JOHN POJETA, JR.,18 PETER W. SKELTON,19 ILYA TËMKIN,20 THOMAS YAncEY,21 and ALEXANDRA ZIERITZ22 [1University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA, [email protected]; 2University of South Florida, Tampa, USA, [email protected], [email protected]; 3Institut Català de Paleontologia (ICP), Catalunya, Spain, [email protected], [email protected]; 4Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 5South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, [email protected]; 6Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, USA, [email protected]; 7North
    [Show full text]
  • Silver Creek Hydraulic Limestone Southeastern Indiana
    , \ " THE Silver Creek Hydraulic Limestone OF Southeastern Indiana. By C. E. SIEBENTHAL. 1900. / ! LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. Bloomington, Ind., January 10, 1901. Dear Sir-I have the honor to transmit herewith my report upon the "Silver Creek Hydraulic Limestone," written in 1899 and em­ bodying the results of field work done in that year, but recently gone over and brought down to date. I take pleasure in acknowledging the services of Messrs. H. M. Adkinson and F. H. H.Calhoun, gradu­ ate students at the University of Chicago, who generously gave their assistance in the gathering of the data for the paper. The thanks of the Survey are also due to Prof. Stuart Weller, of the University of Chicago, for valuable assistance in the paleontological part of this report. Respectfully submitted, C. E. SIEBENTHAL. Prof. W. S. Blatchley, State Geologist. (332) ,\ THE SILVER CREEK. HYDRAULIC LIMESTONE OF SOUTHEASTERN INDIANA. By U. E. SIEBENTHAL. OUTLINK 1. STRATIGRAPHY. Historical Resume. 1827. 1. A. Lapham. 1841. Jas.Hall. 1843. Dr. A. Clapp. 1843. D. D. Owen. 1843. H. D. Rogers. 1847. Yandell & Bhumal'lI. 1857. Maj. S. S. Lyon. 1859. Lyon and CassedllY· 1860. Maj. S. S. Lyon, 1874. W. W. Borden. 1875. W. W. Borden. 1879. Jas. Hall. 1897. Aug. F. Foerste. 1899. E. M. Kindle. Stratigraphy and Paleontology. Knobstone. Rockford limestone. New Albany black shale. Sellersburg limestone. Silver Creek hydraulic IimestOlIP. Jefl'ersonville limestone. Pendleton sandstone. Upper Silurian. Lower Silurian. Local Details of Distribution and Structure. Clark County. River region. Silver Creek region. Charlestown region. Scott County. Lexington region. Woods Fork region.
    [Show full text]
  • Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections
    VOL. 52, PL. IX SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS HENRY NETTELROTH Vol. 52 1908 Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections Vol. V Quarterly issue Part 2 THE XETTELROTH COLLECTION OF INVERTEBRATE FOSSILS By R. S. BASSLER (With 3 Plates) One of the most important accessions in the division of strati- graphic paleontology during the year 1907 was the collection of the late Henry Nettelroth, acquired jointly by the Smithsonian Institu- tion and the U. S. National Museum from his sons, H. H. Nettel- roth and Dr. Alexander Nettelroth, of Louisville, Kentucky. The registration and installation of these specimens was recently com- pleted, and it seemed in order, as well as very desirable on account of Mr. Nettelroth's work in science and of the valuable nature of his collection, to publish an article upon the subject. The collection is composed entirely of invertebrate fossils, mainly from the Silurian and Devonian strata of Indiana and Kentucky, although many other American as well as foreign localities are represented. The total number of specimens is rather small compared with the number of species represented, the collection comprising about 8,000 specimens, registered under nearly 1,000 entries; but all of the material is the best that could be had. Mr. Nettelroth prided himself upon the fact that his cabinet contained only choice specimens, representing years of careful selection. Imperfect material was retained only when it showed something of scientific interest. In exchanging. Air. Nettelroth also insisted upon a few good specimens rather than numerous poor representatives of a species. Likewise he paid par- ticular attention to a class of fossils, the mollusca, which is seldom well represented in the cabinets of even the best collectors.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Triassic (Late Griesbachian) Gastropods from South China (Shanggan, Guangxi)
    Swiss J Geosci (2010) 103:121–128 DOI 10.1007/s00015-010-0005-5 Early Triassic (Late Griesbachian) gastropods from South China (Shanggan, Guangxi) Andrzej Kaim • Alexander Nu¨tzel • Hugo Bucher • Thomas Bru¨hwiler • Nicolas Goudemand Received: 17 December 2009 / Accepted: 2 February 2010 / Published online: 9 June 2010 Ó Swiss Geological Society 2010 Abstract An Early Triassic (Griesbachian) gastropod about gastropods from the aftermath of the end-Permian fauna is reported from South China (Shanggan, Guangxi) mass extinction event. The gastropod association from and consists of four species: Bellerophon abrekensis, Shanggan shares one species with Primorye, Far East Wannerispira shangganensis Kaim & Nu¨tzel sp. nov., Russia (B. abrekensis). Two species, W. shangganensis and Naticopsis sp., and Palaeonarica guangxinensis Kaim & P. guangxinensis, closely resemble specimens reported Nu¨tzel sp. nov. The taxon Wannerispira Kaim & Nu¨tzel from the Griesbachian of Oman. This could suggest that nom. nov. replaces Pagodina Wanner non Van Beneden. Griesbachian gastropod faunas of the Tethys were rather This is the first report of Bellerophon abrekensis from homogenous although the data are still scarce. China. Previously, it was only known from its type locality in Far East Russia. Wannerispira shangganensis sp. is the Keywords Gastropoda Á China Á Early Triassic Á first certain Triassic report of the Permian subfamily Extinction Á Recovery Á Taxonomy Neilsoniinae and represents a holdover taxon. The neritimorph Palaeonarica is reported for the first time from the Early Triassic and this is the oldest occurrence of this genus. Introduction Compared with other Griesbachian gastropods, the present material is relatively well preserved so that the taxonomy The fauna in the immediate aftermath of the end-Permian rests on rather firm ground.
    [Show full text]
  • A Discussion of the Geology and an Isopach Map of the Pennsylvanian System in Wyoming and Adjacent Areas B
    Montana Tech Library Digital Commons @ Montana Tech Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970 Student Scholarship 5-1948 A Discussion of the Geology and an Isopach Map of the Pennsylvanian System in Wyoming and Adjacent Areas B. R. Alto Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.mtech.edu/bach_theses Part of the Ceramic Materials Commons, Environmental Engineering Commons, Geology Commons, Geophysics and Seismology Commons, Metallurgy Commons, Other Engineering Commons, and the Other Materials Science and Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Alto, B. R., "A Discussion of the Geology and an Isopach Map of the Pennsylvanian System in Wyoming and Adjacent Areas" (1948). Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970. 239. http://digitalcommons.mtech.edu/bach_theses/239 This Bachelors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Digital Commons @ Montana Tech. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bachelors Theses and Reports, 1928 - 1970 by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Montana Tech. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A DISCUSSION OF 1m GEOLOGY AND .AN ISOPACH 1VlAPOJ!' TII.E PEN-NSYLVANIAN SYSTElJ IN WYOMING AND ADa-ACEl~T AREAS by B. R. Alto A Thesis Submitted to the Department or Geology in partial fulfilbuent of the requirements for the Degree or Bachelor of Science in Geological Engineering Montana School of Mines Butte, Montana :May, 1948 A DISCUSSION OF [raE GEOLOGY AND AN ISOPACH ~ OF THE PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM IN WYOMING AND ADJACENT AREAS by B. R. Alto A Thesis Submitted to the Department of Geology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of ~achelor of Science in Geological Engineering 19150 Montana School of Mines Butte, Montana May, 1948 CONTENTS ~ Page <t> ~ Introduction • • • • • • • • • • 1 )ow-..
    [Show full text]
  • Boas Poster (NHRE 2013)
    Phylogenetics within Bellerophon: Breaking down a classic wastebasket taxon Caitlin M. Boas1 and Peter J. Wagner2 1 City University of New York - Brooklyn College - Earth and Environmental Sciences 2 Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History - Department of Paleobiology Introduction Results First described by de Montfort in 1808, the genus Bellerophon typifies an extinct group of Paleozoic gastropods, the Bellerophontina. With rare exceptions, these snails have planispiral-coiling and thus superficially resemble nautiloids and ammonites rather than “normal” snails. Bellerophon species were marine, and are found from carbonate and siliciclastic rocks B. propinquus B. lineatus T. striatus B. aff. newberryi B. vasulites A. koeni A. maera indicating shallow water and subtidal environments. This results in a variety of * * preservational modes that must be accommodated when scoring character states. Although workers have established numerous new genera from species A. labyrinthodes B. plicatus B. aff. tangentialis B. sublaevis B. munsteri B. bicarenus B. umbilicaris originally assigned to Bellerophon, there are over 150 species currently assigned to this taxon in the Paleobiology Database. Planispiral coiling of naturally sectioned silicified Bellerophon deflectus specimen. B. tangentialis B. jeffersonensis B. aff. scissile B. scissile B. costatus B. gibsoni B. vespertinus Problem B. needlensis B. graphicus P. aff. megalius P. megalius B. wewokanus B. stevensianus P. percarinatus Bellerophon is an old taxon that typifies a suborder. Like most such taxa, it is assigned dozens of species * and is a likely “wastebasket” taxon. This can hide origination and extinction dynamics as well as trends B. harrodi B. crassus B. aff. crassus B. singularis B. huecoensis B. hilli B. deflectus in morphologic evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography and Index
    Bulletin No. 203. Series G, Miscellaneous, 23 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES .1). YVALCOTT, DIRECTOR BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX FOR T I-I E Y E A. R 1 9 O 1 BY FRED BOUGHTON "WEEKS WASHINGTON - GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1902 CONTENTS, Page. Letter of transmittal....................................................... 5 Introduction ......... 4 ................................................... 7 List of publications examined ............................................. 9 Bibliography ............................................................ 13 Addenda to bibliographies for previous years............................... 95 Classified key to the index ...........'.......... ............................ 97 Index ..................................................................... 103 LETTER OF TRANSM1TTAL. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, Washington, D. 0., July % SIR: I have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript of a Bibliography and Index of North American Geology, Paleontology, Petrology, and Mineralogy for the Year 1901, and to request that it be published as a Bulletin of the Survey. Yours respectfully, F. B. WEEKS. Hon. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, director United State* Geological Survey. BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX OF NORTH AMERICAN GEOLOGY, PALEONTOLOGY, PETROLOGY, AND MINERALOGY FOR THE YEAR 1901. By FRED BOUGHTON WEEKS. INTRODUCTION. The preparation and arrangement of the material of the Bibliog­ raphy and Index for 1901 is similar to that adopted for the previous publications.(Bulletins Nos. 130, 135, 146, 149, 156, 162, 172, 188, and 189). Several papers that should have been entered in the pre­ vious bulletins are here recorded, and the date of publication is given with each entry. Bibliography. The bibliography consists of full titles of separate papers, arranged alphabetically by authors' names, an abbreviated reference to the publication in which the paper is printed, and a brief description of the contents, each paper being numbered for index reference.
    [Show full text]