Index

Page numbers in italics refer to Figures. Page numbers in bold refer to Tables.

Abadeh Section (Iran) 74, 81, 83, 112 Annweiler Formation 397 Abadehceras 198 Anomalonema reumauxi–Peudestheria simoni assemblage Abichites 199 zone 370, 372–373 Abo Formation 73, 408, 409, 412, 425 Antarctica, palynostratigraphy 337 Abrahamskraal Formation 64, 78, 80, 418, 428 Anthracolithic System 25 radiometric dating 86 Anuites 193 Abrek Formation 295 Apache Dam Formation 409 acritarchs 322–323 Aquaw Creek (Colorado), magnetic polarity data 66 Admiral Formation 410 Arabia, palynostratigraphy 333, 333 Adrianites 194 Arabia Plate, fusuline biostratigraphy 255 A. elegans 195 Araksian Stage 40 Afghanistan Arasella 199 fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 260–261 Araxoceras spp. 196, 198 Agathiceras 187, 189 A. latissimum 198 Aidaralash CreekGSSP (Kazakstan)3, 28,29, 32, 53,67, 88,187,321,325 A. ventrosulcatum 198 Akiyoshi Terrane, fusuline biostratigraphy 270–271, 271 Archer City Formation 410, 411 Akmilleria 189 archosaurs 51 Aktastinian Substage 2, 33, 189 Argentina ammonoid assemblages 185 magnetic polarity data 64, 69, 72 Aktasty River Section 33 palynostratigraphy 330, 331, 331 Aktastynian Stage, ammonoid assemblages 185 tetrapods 387 Aktubinskia 189 Aricoceras 192 Aktyubinsk section 33 Aristoceras 187 Al Khlata Formation 336 Aristoceratoides 194 Alaska Region, fusuline biostratigraphy 255 Arizona, tetrapods 412–413 Albaillella cavitata interval zone 154, 157 Arnhardtia 39 Albaillella excelsa interval zone 155 Arrayo de Alamillo Formation 395, 409 Albaillella levis interval zone 155 Arroya del Agua Formation 408, 409, 425 Albaillella sinuata abindance zone 148–149 Arroya Formation 410 Albaillella triangularis interval zone 155, 157 Arroyo Vale Formation 411 Albaillella xiaodongensis assemblage zone 148 Artinskia spp. Albaillella yaoi abundance zone 155–156, 157 A. irinae 187, 189 Alibashites 199 A. kazakhstanica 187 Almites 187, 189 Artinskian Age, age calibration 52 Altudoceras 193, 196 Artinskian Stage 1, 2,33 Amana Formation 69 ammonoid assemblages 185 Amarassian Stage 40 ammonoid biostratigraphy 189–191, 191 ammonoid assemblages 185, 196 conodont biostratigraphy 120, 124, 126, 129, 130, 131 Amb Formation 309 first recognized 25 ammonoids 8–9, 30, 31,41–42 foraminiferal biostratigraphy 233 biostratigraphy fusuline chronostratigraphy 275 Cisuralian 187 fusuline genera 254 Artinskian 187–188 GSSP discussions 3, 33 Asselian 189–191 Perrinites zone 185 Kungurian 191–192 polarity data 63, 64, 66,68–69 Sakmarian 188–189 radiolaria zones 148 Guadalupian 192–193 rugose coral biostratigraphy Capitanian 195–197 Inner Mongolia–NE China and Japan 170 Roadina 193–194 South China and Indochina 166, 169 Wordian 194–195 87Sr/86Sr values 109, 113 Lopingian 197–198 volcanic ash beds 4 Changhsingian 199 Artioceras 189 Wuchiapingian 198 Artioceratoides 190 historical review 185, 187 Asitka Group 69 zones 186 Assel River Section 32 amniotes, diversification 51 Asselian Age, age calibration 52 amphibians Asselian Stage 1, 2, 32, 52–53 zonation 379, 415 ammonoid biostratigraphy 187–188, 188 see also tetrapods ammonoid assemblages 185 Amphisauropus 389, 389, 392, 393, 395 base first defined 28 Amushan Formation 294–295 conodont biozones 120, 122–128, 124, 126, 130 Anatsabites 194 first recognized 25 Andelosaurus 407 foraminiferal biostratigraphy 233 Anderssonoceras 198 fusuline chronostratigraphy 274, 275 Andrianovia 189 fusuline genera 254 Anfuceras 198 polarity data 63, 64, 65, 66,67–68 Angara radiolaria zones 147–148 Palaeokingdom 350, 355–356 rugose coral biostratigraphy palynostratigraphy 324, 327–329 Inner Mongolia–NE China and Japan 170 phytogeographic province 323–324, 324 South China and Indochina 166 Angjie Formation 304 87Sr/86Sr values 109, 113 Angrenoceras 197 volcanic ash beds 4 446 INDEX assemblage zones, role of 367 Russian Far East 294, 295–296 Assistance Formation 193, 194, 291 Palaeoequatorial Realm 299 astrochronology 57 China, South 296–298, 299 Atrasado Formation 380, 409 Iran, north 298–300, 299 Atsabites 190 Mediterranean 299, 300 Aulacogastrioceras 193 Texas, West 299, 300–301 Australia Transcaucasia 298–300, 299 brachiopod biostratigrapy, Southern Transitional Zone 302, 302 Eastern 306–308, 307 Baoshan Block 301–303, 302 Western 307, 308–309 Karakoram (Pakistan) 302, 305 first remanent magnetization study 61 Lhasa Block 302, 304 magnetic polarity data 76 Oman 302, 304–305 palynostratigraphy 334–335, 335, 337 Pamirs, SE 302, 305–306 tetrapods 387 Sibumasu Black 302, 303 Austria, tetrapods 387 South Qiangtang Block 302, 303–304 Autunia 39 Tengchong Block 301–303, 302 Autunia conferta Zone 350 Turkey 302, 304–305 Autunian Series 36,38–39 87Sr/86Sr values 109 Autunian Stage 350 Bransonoceras 190 Avushoceras 198 Branxton Formation 306 Brazil Baigendzhinian Stage 189 palynostratigraphy 330, 331 ammonoid assemblages 185 tetrapods 387, 406, 412, 415–416, 425, 427 Baigendzhinian Substage 2, 33, 190 Brevaxina dyhrenfurthi 38 Balfour Formation 84, 418 Broughton Formation 76, 307 Balic Formation 336 Buena Vista Formation 425 Bamyaniceras 190 Bulunites 188, 189 Baoqingian Substage 2,35 Bursum Formation 187, 379, 380, 408, 409, 412, 425 Baoshan Block Bursumian Substage 28, 39 brachiopod biostratigraphy 301–303, 302 foraminiferal biozonation 234 fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 264, 266 Burtsevian Substage 4, 34 Baraioceras 191 Byro Group 189, 190, 192 Batrachichnus 389, 389, 392, 393, 395 Bead Mountain Formation 410 Cache Creek Formation 195 Beaufort Group 57, 64, 78, 79, 80, 418, 427 Cache Creek Terrane, fusuline biostratigraphy 271, 272–273 Belcher Channel Formation 187 Callipteris–Comia–Iniopteris assemblage 356 Bell Canyon Formation 54, 301 Callipteris spp. Zone 351 Belle Plains Formation 410 Callytharra Formation 188, 302 Bellerophon Formation 300 Canada Berry Formation 307 brachiopod biostratigraphy, Western 290–291, 291 Biamiceras 192 fusuline biostratigraphy 255 Biarmian Series 73, 73–74, 423 tetrapods 387, 396 biochronological events 21, 405 see also North America and North American Craton biostratigraphic datums 21, 405 Cancellina 38 bivalve biostratigraphy 11, 15 Canfanggou Group 424 Blaine Formation 410, 412, 416, 417 Capitan Formation 34, 196 blattids 15 Capitanian Age, age calibration 52,54 Boesites 187, 188, 189 Capitanian Stage 2, 2, 27, 34, 36,39 Bolorian Stage 38, 38, 275, 276 ammonoid assemblages 185 fusuline genera 254 ammonoid biostratigraphy 195–197, 197 Boreal Realm, brachiopod biostratigraphy 290–293, 291 conodont biostratigraphy 120, 124, 126, 130, 133–134 Botrichiopsis Zone 354 foraminiferal biostratigraphy 234 Boyevaya Gora Section 75,81 fusuline chronostratigraphy 275 brachiopods fusuline genera 254 biostratigraphy 10, 41 GSSP 4, 54 diversity 289 magnetic polarity data 70, 76, 77, 90 life style 289 radiolaria zones 153–154 palaeobiogeography 289–290, 290 rugose coral biostratigraphy 169–170 Boreal Realm 291 87Sr/86Sr values 109, 111, 113, 114 Greenland 291–292, 291 Capitanian Substage, ammonoid assemblages 185 Siberian Plate 291, 292–293 carbon isotope stratigraphy 5–7 Spitsbergen 291–292, 291 carbon isotopic variation 165 Urals (Russia) 291, 293 Carboniferous–Permian boundary see Permo–Carboniferous Verkhoyansk Fold Belt 291, 292–293 Cardiella 187, 188, 189 Western Canada 290–291, 291 Carnic Alps, fusuline biostratigraphy 262, 263 Gondwanan Realm 306, 307 Carrandibby Formation 308 Australia, Western 307, 308–309 Casper Formation 72, 73 Australia, Eastern 306–308, 307 Castile Formation 39 Himalaya Tethys Zone 307, 309–310 Cathaysia India 307, 309–310 Palaeokingdom 350, 352–354 New Zealand 307, 308 palynostratigraphy 329 Pakistan, Salt Range 307, 309–310 phytogeographic province 323–324, 324 South America 307, 310 Cathaysiopteris whitei Zone 353 Northern Transitional Zone 294 Cathaysiopteris yochelsonii Zone 352 China 294–295, 294 Cathedral Mountain Formation 39, 192 Japan 294, 296 Cathedralian Substage 2, 39, 275 Mongolia, Inner 294–295, 294 first suggested 28 Mongolia, Southern 294, 295 foraminiferal biozonation 234 north Pamirs 296 Cedar Mesa Sandstone 412 INDEX 447

Central America, rugose coral biostratigraphy 174 Central America 174 Central Asian Ocean (CAO) 295, 296 Gondwana–Perigondwana 171–172 Cerro Carrizalito Formation 72 Inner Mongolia–NE China and Japan 170–171 Chainaha Formation 304 North America 174 Chambin Formation 195 South China and Indochina 166–169, 168 Chandalazian Regional Stage 196 Svalbard 173 Changhsing Formation 35, 297, 329 Ural Mountains 173 Changhsingian Age, age calibration 52 87Sr/86Sr values 113–114 Changhsingian Stage 2, 2, 35, 81 tetrapod chronology 407, 408–416, 423 ammonoid biostratigraphy 199 tetrapod tracks 387 conodont biostratigraphy 120, 124, 126, 130, 136–137 clam shrimps see conchostracans foraminiferal biostratigraphy 235 Clarkina fusuline chronostratigraphy 275 C. abadehensis 137 fusuline genera 254 C. asymmetrica Zone 135 GSSP 4 C. changxingensis Zone 35, 136 magnetic polarity data 70, 81, 83, 83 C. dukouensis Zone 135 radiolaria zones 155–156 C. giangyuanensis Zone 135 rugose coral biostratigraphy 170 C. hambastensis 136 87Sr/86Sr values 111, 112, 113 C. hongshuiensis 39 Changhsingoceras 194, 199 C. hongshuiensis Zone 134 charophytes 13 C. leveni Zone 135 Chekiangoceras 193 C. liangshanensis 135, 136 chemical abrasion thermal ionization mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) C. longicispidata Zone 136 52, 55 C. meishanensis Zone 136–137 chemostratigraphy 43 C. nodosa 136 Cheremushka Section 75,78 C. orientalis Zone 135–136, 136 Cherry Canyon Formation 73 C. postbitteri Zone 4, 35, 55, 135 Chhidru Formation 309 C. subcarinata Zone 136 Chichibu Terrane 271, 272 C. transcaucasina Zone 135 Chickasha Formation 412, 412, 416, 417 C. wangi Zone 4, 136 Chidruan (Chihdruan) Stage 40 C. yini 136 ammonoid assemblages 185 C. zhejiangensis 136, 137 Chihsia Formation 192, 257, 297, 304 Clear Fork Group 410, 411, 416, 426, 430 Chihsian Subseries 28, 36, 37–38, 38, 38, 275 Clibolites udderni 197 Chin Formation 193 Clinolobus 194 China Clyde Formation 410 brachiopod biostratigraphy 296–298, 299 Colaniella 238 chronostratigraphic scales 37–38, 275, 322 distribution 236 GSSPs 4, 34–35, 35 Coleman Junction Limestone 410, 426 magnetostratigraphic scales 74 Collie Basin, biozones 332 Permian first recognized 25 Colorado, magnetic polarity data 66 radiolaria zone type sections 147–153 Comia assemblage 356 rugose coral biostratigraphy Community Pit Formation 409 North-East conchostracans 365–366 Cisuralian 170–171 biostratigraphy 12 Guadalupian 171 zonation South Anomalonema reumauxi–Peudestheria simoni assemblage zone Cisuralian 166–169 370, 372–373 Guadalupian 169–170 Cornia germari interval 370, 378–379 Lopingian 170 Euestheria guttu interval 370, 378 tetrapods 406, 424–425 Lioestheria andreevi–Pseudestheria form Wilhelmsthal see also Cathaysia; South China Block also North China Block assmblage zone 370, 376 Choza Formation 410, 411 Lioestheria extuberata–Lioestheria oboraensis–Pseudestheria chron form Oberhof assemblage zone 370, 375–376 ages 90 Lioestheria paupera–Pseudestheria palaeoniscorum assemblage durations and uncertainties 90–93 zone 370, 375 chronostratigraphic scales 36–37, 36 Megasitum form Markenkamp–Peudestheria form Hoya China 37–38 assemblage zone 370, 372 North American 39–40 Palaeolimnadiopsis form Pudagla–Pseudestheria form Russia 37 Ibbenbu¨ren assemblage zone 370, 372 Tethyan 38 Palaeolimnadiopsis pruvosti–Pseudestheria cf. striata Western Europe 38–39 assemblage zone 369, 370, 371–372 Chuanshanian Series 36, 37, 275 Pseudestheria graciliformis–Palaeolimnadiopsis form Thinow– Chugach Terrane, fusuline biostratigraphy 271, 272–273 Pseudestheria form Lieth assemblage zone 370, 377 Cibolites 194, 196, 198 Pseudestheria limbata–Pseudestheria rimosa - LIoestheria form Cimarron Stage 36 Ko¨llerbach assemblage zone 370, 373 Cistecephalus 57 Pseudestheria sp. M–Lioestheria form Frenswegen–Palaeolim- Assemblage Zone 426 nadiopsis form Jessen assemblage zone 379–380 Cisuralian Epoch, age calibration 52–53, 52,53 Pseudestheria sp. M.–Lioestheria form Frenwegen–Palaeolim- Cisuralian Series 1, 2,32–34 nadopsis form Jessen assemblage zone 370, 373, 375 ammonoid biostratigraphy 187–192 conifers, extinction 321 conodont biostratigraphy 120, 124, 126, 130 conodonts foraminiferal biostratigraphy 233 biostratigraphy 2, 7–8, 30, 31,41 New Mexico 234 correlation with radiolaria 156–157 fusuline chronostratigraphy 275 importance of 27 fusuline genera 254 biozones 120 magnetic polarity data 85 evolution 121–122 radiolaria zones 147–149 first appearance datum (FAD) 51 rugose coral biostratigraphy Artinskian 3 448 INDEX conodonts (Continued) EARTHTIME initiative 52 Asselian 3 Eastern European chronostratigraphic scale 37 Capitanian 4 Ecca Group 64, 78, 79, 418, 427 Changhsingian 4 Egersburg Rhyolite 427 Kungurian 3 El Capitan 34, 35 Roadina 3 El Cobre Canyon Formation 408, 409 Sakmarian 3 Elabuga (Russia), magnetic polarity data 64 top Permian 4 Elephantoceras 193 Wordian 4 Elm Creek Limestone 410, 426 Wuchiapingian 4 Emeishan volcanism and LIP 54–55, 77, 165 provincialism 122 radiometric date 86 sample preparation 119 Emilites spp. 187, 188, 189 speciation rate 122 E. prosperus 188 species definition 119, 121 Emplectopteridium alatum Zone 352–353 87Sr/86Sr values 109, 112 Emplectopteris triangularis 354 continental regional stages, problems of linkage to Eoaraxoceras 198 marine stages 379 Eoasianites 187, 188, 189 Coolkilya Sandstone Formation 194 Eoaxoceras ruzhecevi 197 corals see rugose corals Eodicynodon 407 Cordilleran–Arctic–Uralian coral province 165 Assemblage Zone 426, 428 stratigraphic distribution 167 Eohyattoceras 192, 193 Cornia germari interval 370, 378–379 Eolegoceras 190 Council Grove Group 187, 412 Eoraxoceras 196 Coyotean chronofaunal event 429–430 Eothinites 190 Coyotean LVF 407, 425 Epadrianites 192, 194, 196, 198 Crassinervia assemblage 356 Epiglyphioceras 194 Crimites 189 Epijuresanites 191 C. subcrotowi 189, 190 E. musalitini 192, 192 Custer Stage 36 Epikospi Formation 300 Cutler Formation 66, 72, 412 Epiric System 25 Cutler Group 408, 409 Episageceras 196, 198 Cutties Hillock Sandstone Formation 424 Epitauroceras 197 Cyclolobus 194, 196, 198 Epithalassoceras 193 cyclostratigraphy 57 Erinoceras 193 Czech Republic, tetrapods 387, 395, 396, 413–415 Erpetopus 389, 390, 392, 394, 395 biochron 392, 396–397 Daixites 187, 189 Eryops FAD 407 D. antipovi 187 Esangan Formation 192 Dal’ny Tulkas section, Artinskian 3, 33, 53 Esayoo Volcanic Formation 69, 71 Dalong Formation 199 Eskridge Formation 412 Daraelites 190 Euestheria guttu interval 370, 378 Darvasian Stage/Series 38, 38, 275 Eumedlicottia spp. 192, 196, 198, 199 fusuline genera 254 E. burckhardti 34 Darvasiceras 189 Euramerica Darvaz, fusuline biostratigraphy 260–261 palynostratigraphy 324–327 Dastarsaj Section 67 phytogeographic province 323–324, 324 Daubichites 193, 194 Europe D. goochi 194 Palaeokingdom 349–351, 350 De Chelly Sandstone 409 Western Delendzha Formation 193, 194 regional chronostratigraphy 322 Demarezites 194 tetrapods 413–415, 424 D. oyensi 194 Evenkiella zamiopteroides Zone 355 d’Halloy, Jean Baptiste Julien d’Omalius 25 Exeter Group 75 diagenesis, effect on 87Sr/86Sr 107–108 Exmouth Mudstone and Sandstone Formation 78, 79 Dicyonodon 57, 407 extinction events 431–432 Assemblage Zone 426 taxonomy 419–421 Fanjiatun Formation 195 Difunites 196 Far Eastern Sub-Province 324, 327 Dimetropus 389, 390, 392, 395 Fergana, fusuline biostratigraphy 260–261 Dingjioazhai Formation 303, 305 Filippovian Substage 33, 36 Dinocephalian Extinction Event 431–432 first appearance datum (FAD) 21, 42, 119, 405 Dongpan 56 tetrapods 407 Dorashamian Stage 36, 275 Fischer von Waldheim, Johann Gotthelf 23 fusuline genera 254, 277 fish biostratigraphy 15 Dorud Group 298 floral palaeobiogeography 349 Doryceras 194 Angara 355–356 Doulingoceras 196 Cathaysia 352–354 Dromopus 389, 390, 392, 394, 395 Europe 349–351 biochron 392, 394–396 Gondwana 354–355 Dunkard Group 66, 68, 412, 413, 414 North America 351–352 Dwyka Group 310 palaeogeographical distribution 350 Dyas 25, 32, 39 zone correlations 351 Dzhulfian Stage Flo¨tz-Gebirge 22 ammonoid assemblages 185 Flo¨tzformationen 22 fusuline chronology 275, 277 Flowerpot Formation 412, 412, 416, 417 fusuline genera 254 Foldvik Creek Group 292 regional chronostratigraphic subdivisions 275 Follicucullus charveti interval zone 153, 157 Dzhulfites 199 Follicucullus monacanthus interval zone 149, 151, 157 Dzhulfoceras 198 Follicucullus porrectus interval zone 151, 153 INDEX 449

Follicucullus scholasticus interval zone 153, 157 Glottophyllum primaevum Zone 355 footprints see ichnostratigraphy Gnishik Formation 305 foraminifera, benthic see fusulines Gobioceras 190 foraminifera, non-fusulinid 9 Gondolella spp. bioevents 235 G. nankingensis 133 biostratigraphy 233–235 G. serrata 133 classification 206 Gondwana and Gondwanan Realm Class Fusulinata 207–208 brachiopod biostratigrapy 306–310, 307 Order Archardiscida 209–211 concept of Gondwanaland 25 Order Endothyrida 211–217 fusuline biostratigraphy, northern margin 264, 267–268 Order Tuberitinida 208 icesheet 5 Order Earlandiida 208–209 Palaeokingdom 350, 354–355 Class Miliolata 217–231 palynostratigraphy 330 Order Cornuspirida 217–224 Africa 332–333 Class Nodosariata Antarctica 337 Order Nodosariida 224–231 Arabia 333–334 Class Textulariata 231–233 Australia 334–337 Order Lituolida 233 India 334 Order Textulariida 232–233 Pakistan 334 Order Verneuilinida 233 South America 330–332 palaeogeography 235–236 summary 337–338 foraminiferal molecular clock 206 phytogeographic province 323–324, 324 Fossil Cliff Formation 188 rugose coral biostratigraphy 171–172 France Gracilopteris 39 fusuline biostratigraphy 255 Grape Creek Formation 410 tetrapods 387, 396, 397, 413–415 Grayburn Formation 73 Fu¨chsel, Georg Christian 22 Greece, fusuline biostratigraphy 255 Fusulinata, Class 207–208, 237 Greene Formation 412, 413, 414 Order Archardiscida 209–211 greenhouse climate established 51, 57, 321 Order Endothyrida 211–217 Greenland Order Tuberitinida 208 brachiopod biostratigraphy 291–292, 291 Order Earlandiida 208–209 fusuline biostratigraphy 255 fusulines rugose coral biostratigraphy 173–174 palaeogeography 254–255 Gro¨den Formation 336 regional distribution Guadalupe Box Formation 409 Angaran Tethyan Region 268–270 Guadalupe Mountains National Park, GSSPs 3, 3–4, 4, 34, 35, 54, 56, Eastern Tethyan Region 255–261 73, 192 Gondwanan Tethyan Region 263–268 Guadalupian Epoch North American Craton Region 273–274 age calibration 52,53–54 Panthalassan Region 270–273 volcanism 54–55 Western Tethyan Region 261–263 Guadalupian Series 2, 2, 34, 39 world genera 253–254, 254 ammonoid biostratigraphy 192–197 fusulinid biostratigraphy 3, 9–10, 30, 31,41–42 conodont biostratigraphy 120, 124, 126, 130 discussions 27 Gaetanoceras 192 first named 26–27 Gai-as Formation 427 first suggested 28 Gamkan LVF 407, 418 foraminiferal biostratigraphy 233–234 Gangamopteris Zone 354, 354–355 fusuline chronostratigraphy 275 Gaptank Formation 39 fusuline genera 254 Garber Formation 68, 411, 412 magnetic polarity data 73–76 gastropods, biostratigraphy 11 marine sections 76–78 Gateway, Guadalupe Pass, GSSP 3–4 non-marine sections 78 Gearyan Stage 36 radiolaria zones 149–155 geochronology 51–52 rugose coral biostratigraphy geomagnetic polarity timescale (GPTS) 61 Gondwana–Perigondwana 172 development for Permian 62 Inner Mongola–NE China and Japan 171 Gerennava´r Limestone 300 North America 174 Gerka Formation 193 South China and Indochina 168, 169–170 Germany Svalbard 173 fusuline biostratigraphy 255 87Sr/86Sr values 113–114 magnetic polarity data 66 tetrapod chronology 407, 418–425 tetrapods 387, 395, 396, 397, 413–415, 424 U-Pb age 4, 53–54 Gerrigong Volcanics 76 Guiyangoceras 193 Gharif Formation 305 Gundara Formation 296 Gigantonoclea spp. gyrogonites 13 G. fukiensis 354 Gzhelian Stage, conodont biozones 120, 123 G. guizhoensis 354 G. hallei Zone 353 Halgaito Formation 72–73, 312 Gigantopteridium americanum Zone 351–352 Hambast Formayion 300 Gigantopteris nicotiannaefolia 354 Hardman Formation 309, 335 Gipshuken Formation 69, 292 Hare Fiord Formation 187 Glaphyrites 187 Harpersville Formation 410 Glass Mountains (Texas) 34, 39 Havel Subgroup 78 Glassoceras 192, 193 Hennessey Group 412 Glendale Limestone 308 Hermit Formation 69 global stratotype sections and points (GSSP) 1, 21, 36, 51, 119 Hess Formation 39, 189, 190, 300 world map 3 Hessian Substage 2, 39, 275 Glorieta Sandstone 409 first suggested 28 Glossopteris Zone 354, 355 foraminiferal biozonation 234 450 INDEX

Hida Terrane, fusuline biostratigraphy 269–270, 269 fusuline biostratigraphy 268, 269–270, 269 highest occurrence (HO) 21, 405 radiolaria zone type sections 155 Hilton Limestone 308 rugose corals biostratigraphy Himalaya Tethys Zone, brachiopod biostratigrapy 307, 309–310 Cisuralian 170–171 Hindeodus spp. Guadalupian 171 H. changxingensis 137 type sections 73 H. excavatus 132, 133 Jerry Plains Subgroup 307 H. parvus 4, 56, 136 Jiala Formatin 195 H. permicus 132, 133 Jilingites 194, 196 H. praeparvus Zone 137 Jilong Formation 309 Hoedemakeran LVF 407, 418 Jinogondolella spp. Holmwood Shale 188, 302 J. altudaensis Zone 55, 133 Hopeman Sandstone 424 J. artafrons 134 Horquilla Formation 409 J. aserrata Zone 4, 34, 54, 133 horsetails 321 J. crofti 134 Howard Limestone Formation 394 J. errata 133 Huab Formation 427 J. gladiflexa 134 Hueco Formation 188 J. gladirobusta 133 Hueco Group 409, 425 J. granti Zone 39, 134 Hugete Formation 295 J. latidentata 134 Hungary, tetrapods 387 J. nankingensis 3, 34, 38, 53–54, 132–133, 192 Hutang Formation 194 J. palmata 133 Hyattoceras 192, 194, 196 J. postserrata Zone 4, 34, 38, 133 Hyloidichnus 389, 390, 392, 394, 396 J. prexuanhanensis Zone 134 J. shannoni Zone 133, 134 Ichniotherium 389, 390, 392, 393, 395 J. xianhanensis 55 ichnogenus 388 J. xuanhanensis Zone 134 ichnostratigraphy (tetratpods) 387–388 Jisu Honguer Formation 295 ichnotaxa 12–13 Julfotoceras 198, 199 Idaho section 29 Junggur Basin 406, 425 Ikakern Formation 397, 422 Jungle Creek Formation 189, 190 Illawara Mixed Polarity Superchron 4, 5, 43, 56, 62, 73, 75–76, 78, 80, Juresanites 187, 188, 189 428–429 J. kazakhorum 189 Imtachin Formation 195 India Kaeng Krachan Group 303 brachiopod biostratigrapy (northern) 307, 309–310 Kamagnathus, K. khalimbadzhae 73 palynostratigraphy 334 Kansas, tetrapods 412 Permian first recognized 25 Kapp Starostin Formation 69, 292 tetrapods 406, 425 Kapteinskraalian LVF 407, 418 Indian Cave Sandstone 412 Karachatyr section 88 Indochina and Indochina Block Karakoram Range (Pakistan) fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 258–259 brachiopod biostratigraphy 302, 305 rugose coral biostratigraphy fusuline biostratigraphy 255 Cisuralian 166–169 Kargalites 187, 188, 189 Guadalupian 169–170 Karoo Basin 406 Lopingian 170 biozones 332 Induan Stage tetrapods 418, 419 base defined 4 Karoo Supergroup 57 GSSP 83 Karpinsky, Alexander 24–25 magnetic polarity data 89–90 Artinskian stage named 25 Indus-Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone, fusuline biostratigraphy 264, 267 Kartamyshian magnetozone 67 Ingleside Formation 68 Kartamyshskya Formation 67 Iniopteris assemblage 356 Kashkabash Mountain 33 insects Katberg Formation 84, 418 biostratigraphy 15 Kawinga Formation 422 zones 379 Kazakstan GSSPs 3, 28, 32, 33, 53, 187 Inta Formation 71 Aidaralash Creek 3, 28, 29, 32, 53, 67, 88, 187, 321, 325 International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) of the IUGS 21 Kazan 37 interval biochrons 405 Kazanian Stage 36, 37, 73, 74, 193, 275, 423 Iran Keyes, Charles Rollin 25 Abadeh Section 74, 81, 83, 112 Keyserling, Alexander von 23 brachiopod biostratigraphy (north) 298–300, 299 Khorokyt Formation 187 fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 261–262, 262 Khuff Formation 205, 305 Iranites 199 Khuren Formation 193 Iranognathus spp. 134 Kiama, first remanent magnetization study 61 I. erwini 135 Kiaman Reversed Polarity Superchron 4, 5, 43, 56, 62, 73, 74, 428–429 I. movschovitschi 135 Kingoceras 196, 198 I. punctatus 135 K. kingi 197 I. tarazi 135, 136 Kitakami Terrane (south), fusuline biostratigraphy 268–269, 269 Irati Formation 427 Ko Yao Noi Formation 303 Irenian Substage 33, 36 Kocherga Formation 193 isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) 52 Kochergin Formation 194 Istyococeras 192 Kochusu Formation 191 Italy, tetrapods 387, 396, 397, 413–415 Komadodriftdam Section 84 Itarare´ Group 310 Kondurovka Section 32 Kondurovsky Section 29 Jagger Bend Formation 410 Koonap Formation 418 Japan Kubergandian Stage 38, 38, 275, 276 brachiopod biostratigraphy 294, 296 fusuline genera 254 INDEX 451

Kuhfengian Stage 36, 38, 275 Loiras Formation 395 Kuling Shale 309 Longtan Formation 80 Kundaram Formation 425 Longyin Formation 189, 190 Kungur 33 Lonlinian Stage 36,37 Kungurian Age, age calibration 52 Lootsberg Pass Sections 83,84 Kungurian Stage 1, 2,33–34 Lootsbergian LVF 407, 418 ammonoid biostratigraphy 191–192 Lopingian Epoch, age calibration 52,55–56 conodont biostratigraphy 120, 124, 126, 130, 131–132 Lopingian Series 2, 2, 34–36, 37, 55–56 foraminiferal biostratigraphy 233 ammonoid biostratigraphy 197–199 fusuline chronostratigraphy 275 first suggested 28 fusuline genera 254 foraminiferal biostratigraphy 234–235 GSSP discussions 3, 29, 33 fusuline chronostratigraphy 275 magnetic polarity data 63, 64, 66, 69, 71, 88,89–90 fusuline genera 254 radiolaria zones 148–149 GSSP 4 rugose coral biostratigraphy magnetic polarity data 80–83 China, NE 170–171 radioisotopic dating 4 China, South 169 radiolaria zones 154–157 Indochina 169 rugose coral biostratigraphy Inner Mongolia 170–171 Gondwana–Perigondwana 172 Japan 170–171 North America 174 87Sr/86Sr values 110, 113 South China–Indochina 168, 170 Kupferschiefer 424 87Sr/86Sr values 114 Kyushu Section 73, 77 tetrapod chronology 407 Los Acros Formation 195 La Colina Formation 69 Los Vallos Formation 409 radiometric date 87 lowest occurrence (LO) 21, 405 La Colorado Formation 196 Lueckisporites virkkiae 331 La Difunta Formation 196 Lueders Formation 410, 411 Laborcita Formation 73 Lungtan Coal Formation 297, 354 Ladiosaurus 407 Luodianian Stage 36, 38, 275 Laibianian Substage 2 Lupghar Formation 305 Laibin Section 80 lycophytes 321 Lanceoloboceras 193 Lyons Group 308 land vertebrate faunachron (LVF) 405, 407, 412, 416, 418 Lystrosaurus 407 Langcio Formation 196 FAD 432 Langmaria Formation 304 Laos, tetrapods 425 macrofloral biostratigraphy 349 Laoshanian Substage 2 Angara 355–356 Las Sardinas Formation 192 Cathaysia 352–354 Lashkargaz Formation 305 Europe 349–351 last appearance datum (LAD) 21, 405 Gondwana 354–355 Late Palaeozoic Reversed Interval 62 North America 351–352 Lawrence Formation 379 palaeogeographical distribution 350 Leeites 189 zone correlations 351 Lehman, Johann Gottlieb 22 Madagascar 72 Leman Sandstone Formation 79 tetrapods 422 Lengwuan Stage 38, 275 Madumabisa Mudstone Formation 422 Lennoxian Stage 275 magnetochron labelling 62, 64 foraminiferal biozonation 234 magnetostratigraphy 4–5, 43, 56–57 Lenoxian Substage 36,39 correlation with tetrapod stratigraphy 428–429, 429 Lenticoceltites 198 Russia 429 Leonard Formation 39 Malawi, tetrapods 406, 422 Leonardian Series 28, 36,39 Manebach Formation 68 foraminiferal biozonation 234 Mangarewa Formation 308 Leonardian Stage, ammonoid assemblages 185 Mangzhongrong formations 309, 310 Lepidodendron posthumii Zone 352 Maokou Formation 195, 297, 304 Levenella 253 Maokou-Kufeng Formation 76, 194 Lhasa Block Maokouan Subseries 36, 37–38, 275 brachiopod biostratigraphy 302, 304 Maping Formation 187 fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 264, 266 Mapirites 192 Liangshan Formation 354 marine transgression, major 34 Lianyuanoceras 192 marine/non-marine index fossils 379 Libya, palynostratigraphy 327 Markley Formation 410 Lielonggou Formation 304 Maroon Formation 72, 73 Lightjack Formation 308 Martoceras 187, 188, 189 Limnopus 389, 390, 392, 393 mass extinction 21, 34, 51, 56, 165, 289, 321 Line Formation 380 Mayang Formation 309 Linshui Section 74,81 Mechetlino section, Kungurian 3, 34 Lioestheria andreevi–Pseudestheria form Wilhelmsthal assemblage Mediterranean, brachiopod biostratigraphy 299, 300 zone 370, 376 Medlicottia spp. 189, 190 Lioestheria extuberata–Lioestheria oboraensis–Pseudestheria form M. orbignyana 190 Oberhof assemblage zone 370, 375–376 M. semota 189 Lioestheria paupera–Pseudestheria palaeoniscorum assemblage zone Megasitum form Markenkamp–Peudestheria form Hoya assemblage 370, 375 zone 370, 372 Littlecrotonian LVF 407, 426 Meiognathus pustulus 132 Littleham Mudstone Formation 79,81 Meishan Composite Section 74, 82 Liuzhouceras 193 Meishan section D 35, 321 Lobatannularia multifolia 354 GSSP 4, 29, 35 Lodevia 39 Meishanian Substage 2,35 452 INDEX

Meitianoceras 199 Mushirebuca Group 304 Menghong Group 303 Mycterosaurus 407 Mengkarang Formation 303 Mys Formation 190 Mescalites 187 Mesogondolella spp. Namibia, tetrapods 427 M. adenata 127 Nammai Gorge Section 74, 76, 80, 81 M. arcuata 128 Narrabeen Shale 62 M. asiatica 131 Neal Ranch Formation 187, 300 M. belladontae 127, 128 Nealian Substage 36, 39, 275 M. bisselli 129 foraminiferal biozonation 234 M. bitteri 133, 134 Nebraska, tetrapods 412 M. camilla 128 Nemda Formation 194 M. dentiseparata 127, 128 Neoaganides 187, 188, 189, 196, 198, 199 M. foliosa 128 Neoaricoceras 194 M. glenisteri 131 Neocrimites 190 M. gracilis 133 N. fredericksi 190 M. gugioensis 131 Neogeoceras 194, 196, 198, 199 M. gutta 128 Neoglaphyrites 187 M. idahoensis 132 Neohumardites 189 M. intermedia 131, 191 N. triceps 190 M. lacerta 128 Neopronorites 187, 189 M. laevigata 131 N. rotundus 187 M. lamberti Zone 132 Neoschwagerina spp. M. longifoliosa 129 N. craticulifera 73 M. manifesta 129 N. simplex 38 M. monstra 3, 53, 129 Neoschwagerinidae 254 M. obliquimarginata 129 Neostachioceras 196 M. omanensis 133, 134 Neostreptognathodus spp. M. paralacerta 128 N. clinei Zone 131, 132 M. phosphoriensis 133 N. exsculptus 131 M. pseudostriata 128 N. kamajensis 131 M. rosenkrantzi 135, 136 N. leoovae 191 M. sheni 136 N. newelli 133 M. siciliensis 133 N. pequopensis Zone 131 M. simulata 128 N. pnevi Zone 3, 29, 33, 53, 131, 192 M. striata 128, 129 N. prayi Zone 132 M. uralensis 33, 53, 128 N. pseudoclinei 131 M. zsuzanae 131 N. sulcoplicatus Zone 132, 191 Metacrimites 192, 196 N. varidentatus 131 Metagastrioceras 198 Neotethys Ocean 165, 236 Metalegoceras spp. 189 Neouddenites 192 M. distale 189 Nephropsis assemblage 356 M. gerassimovi 189 Nephropsis lampadiformis Zone 355 Metalegoceratidae 187 Nepirites 192 Metaperrinites 190 Nesen Formation 299 M. vicinus 190 Nevada, Rockland Section 3, 29, 33 Metapronorites 187, 189 Nevadoceras 189 Mexicoceras 194 New Mexico Meyendorff, Alexander von 23 foraminiferal biozonation 234 Mianwali Formation 310 tetrapods 408–409, 409, 412 Middleton Formation 418 stratigraphic correlation 425 Midian Stage 38, 38, 196, 275, 277 New Zealand fusuline genera 254 brachiopod biostratigrapy 307, 308 Miklukhoceras 189 chronostratigraphic scale 40 Milankovitch forcing 57 fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 271, 273 Miliolata, Class 217, 237 Newellites 194 Order Cornuspirida 217–224 Newwellian Substage 36, 39, 275 Mino Terrane, fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 271, 272 Nielsenoceras 197 Minturn Formation 72 Niger, tetrapods 387, 396, 397, 406, 422 Misellina 37, 38 Nikitin Limestone 299 Mitchellcreekian LVF 407, 426 Nikolskyi section 88 Monastyrski Ravine Section 75, 75,78 Nipple Hill Mongolia Capitanian GSSP 4, 57 brachiopod biostratigraphy radiometric date 86 southern 294, 295 Nipple Hill Ash Bed 54, 54 Inner 294–295, 294 Nodasageceras 196 fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 269, 270 Nodogastrioceras 193 rugose coral biostratigraphy Nodosariata, Class 237–238 Cisuralian 170–171 Order Nodosariida 224–231 Guadalupian 171 Nordenskio¨lbreen Formation 292 Mongoloceras 194, 196 North America and North American Craton Moradi Formation 422 chronostratigraphic scale 36,39–40 Moran Formation 187, 410 fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 273–274 Morocco, tetrapods 387, 396, 397, 406, 422 magnetic polarity data 72 Mulbring Formation 76, 307 palaeokingdom 351–352 Murchison, Roderick Impey 1, 22–24, 23 Permian first recognized 25 his type Permian 37 regional chronostratigraphic subdivisions 275, 322 Murgabian Stage 38, 38, 275, 276–277 rugose coral biostratigraphy 174 Murygino Section 75,78 North China Block, fusuline biostratigraphy 258 INDEX 453

North Qiangtang Block, fusuline biostratigraphy 255 SE, brachiopod biostratigraphy 302, 305–306 Northern Transitional Zone, brachiopod biostratigraphy 294–296, 294 Pamucak Formation 305 Norway, magnetic polarity data 66 Pangea 321 Notalacerta, biochron 392 assembly 21, 22, 51, 165 Nowra Sandstone 307 effect on fusuline distribution 255 tetrapod fossil localities 406 Ochiai Formation 196 tetrapod tracks 387, 388 Ochoan Series 36, 39, 275 Panguoi Group 304 Ohio, tetapods 413 Panjshah Formation 305 Oklahoma, tetrapods 411–412, 412, 416, 427 Panthalassan Region Oklahoman Period 25 fusuline biostratigraphy 270, 271 Old Lootsberg Pass 83,84 Akiyoshi Terrane 270–272, 271 Olson’s Gap 407, 416–418, 431 Cache Creek Terrane 271, 272–273 Oman Chichibu Terrane 271, 272 brachiopod biostratigraphy 302, 304–305 Chugach Terrane 271, 272–273 palynostratigraphy 333, 333, 336 Mino Terrane 271, 272 Omolon Formation 193 New Zealand 271, 273 Omphalotrochus 11 Paraceltites 192, 194, 196 Oparino Section 81 Paradoxichnium 389, 391, 392, 394, 396 Orby Head Formation 69 biochron 392, 397 Ordos Basin 406, 425 Paragastrioceras 188, 189 Orenburg Sections 32, 33 P. kungurense 192 Orenburgian Stage 187 Paragastrioceratidae 187 Organ Rock Shale 72, 412 Paramedlicottia 189 Oscar Group 411, 412 Parametalegoceras 189 ostracods 13 Parana´ Basin 330, 406 Otori Formation 296 Paraperrinites 192 Oudenodon 407 Parapronorites 189 Owl Canyon Formation 68 Parasicanites 190 oxygen isotopic variation 165 Paratirolites 199 ozarkodinids 121 Parayongluceras 193 Ozawainellidae 254 Parchim Formation 75 Parnaı´ba Basin 406 Pachypes 389, 390–391, 393, 396 Paykhoyan Stage 36 Paganzo, magnetic polarity data 64 Pebbly Peach Formation 307 Pakistan 74 Pechoran Sub-Province 324, 327 brachiopod biostratigraphy 302, 305, 307, 309–310 Pecopteris oviformis 355–356 chronostratigraphic scale 36 Pedro do Fogo Formation 415 palynostratigraphy 334 Penglaitan section 34–35, 55, 56 Palaeoequatorial Realm, brachiopod biostratigraphy 296–301, 299 Wuchiapingian GSSP 4, 34–35, 35 palaeogeography Penglaites 199 European Basins 368 Pennsylvania, tetrapods 413 foraminifera 235–236, 235, 237 Pentagonoceras 199 fusulines 255 Peranera Formation 395 87Sr/86Sr values 110 Pericarinoceras 198 palaeokingdoms 349 Pericycloceras 193 Angara 355–356 Peritrochia 193 Cathaysia 352–354 Permian Europe 349–351 calibrated geomagnetic polarity timescale 84–93 Gondwana 354–355 conodont biozones 120, 144 North America 351–352 environmental events 178 palaeogeographical distribution 350 foraminiferal biostratigraphy 233, 234, 235, 235 zone correlations 351 fusuline biozones and ranges 144, 254, 256 Palaeolimnadiopsis form Pudagla–Pseudestheria form Ibbenbu¨ren initial studies 22 assemblage zone 370, 372, 374 macrofloral biostratigraphy 349 Palaeolimnadiopsis pruvosti–Pseudestheria cf. striata assemblage radiolarian biozones 144 zone 369, 370, 371–372 regional chronostratigraphic subdivisions 275, 322 Palaeotethys Ocean 236 87Sr/86Sr trend 108–111 fusuline biostratigraphy 260 age resolution 111–113 Palermites 194 geological significance 113 Palermoceras 194 Stages recognized 25–26, 26 Palo Quemado Formation 194 term defined 22 palynomorphs, range of shapes 323 tetrapod trackways 388 palynostratigraphy 11, 321 timescale 14,15 Angara 327–329 ultimate recognition as a System 25 Cathaysia 329 Permo-Carboniferous boundary 4, 28, 32, 40, 53, 321 Euramerica 324–327 Aidaralash Creek GSSP (Kazakstan) 3, 28, 29, 32, 53, 67, 88, 187, Gondwana 330–338 321, 325 provinces 323–324, 324 ammonoid assemblage 187 species list 339–340 Autunina Stage 350 Pamirian Stage 38, 38 magnetic polarity data 67 Pamirina 253 palynostratigraphy 326 P. davasica 37 quiet interval 62 Pamirioceras 192 87Sr/86Sr values108–109 Pamiritella 192 Permo-Triassic boundary 4, 29, 36, 321 Pamirites 192 age constraint 4, 56 Pamiropropanoceras 190 carbon isotope record 6 Pamirs magnetic polarity data 83–84 North, brachiopod biostratigraphy 294, 296 87Sr/86Sr values 114 454 INDEX

Permophiles newletters 26–30 Pseudotirolites 199 Perrimetanites 190 Pseudotoceras 198 Perrinites 190 Pseudovidrioceras 192 P. hilli 34, 192 Puebla Formation 192 Perrinites zone 185 Pueblo Formation 187, 410 Perritinidae 187 Purple Claystone Formation 425 Petrolia Formation 410, 411 Putnam Formation 410 Pheasants Nest Formation 76 Putyatino Section 75 Phisonites 199 Phosphoria Formation 194 Qamdo Block, fusuline biostratigraphy 259–260 Phuket Group 303 Qiangtang Block, fusuline biostratigraphy 259–260 phytochoria 349 Qubuerga Formation 309, 310 Angara 355–356 Qudi Formation 304 Cathaysia 352–354 Queen Formation 73 Europe 349–351 Gondwana 354–355 radioisotopic ages 4, 43 North America 351–352 correlation with tetrapod stratigraphy 426–428 palaeogeographical distribution 350 radiolaria 143, 145 zone correlations 351 biostratigraphy 8, 157–158 phytogeographical provinces 323–324, 324 biozone correlations 147, 151, 154 see also phytochoria correlations with conodonts 156–157 Pictou Group 69 zones 144, 145 Pingdingshan Section 53 Albaillella cavitata interval zone 154 Pinnoceras 187 Albaillella excelsa interval zone 155 plant biostratigraphy 11–12 Albaillella levis interval zone 155 see also phytochoria Albaillella sinuata abundance zone 148–149 Platbergian LVF 407, 418 Albaillella triangularis interval zone 155 platform elements 121 Albaillella xiaodongensis assemblage zone 148 Pleurodonoceras 199 Albaillella yaoi anundance zone 155–156 Poland, tetrapods 387, 395 Follicucullus charveti interval zone 153 pollen see palynostratigraphy Follicucullus monacanthus interval zone 149, 151 Popanoceras 190 Follicucullus porrectus interval zone 151, 153 Popanoceratidae 187 Follicucullus scholasticus interval zone 153 Povolzhian Substage 36 Pseudoalbaillella bulbosa assemblage zone 145, 147 Pranhita–Godavari Valley 406 Pseudoalbaillella globosa interval zone 149 Pristerognathus 57 Pseudoalbaillella ishigai abundance zone 149 Assemblage Zone 426 Pseudoalbaillella lomentaria–Pseudoalbaillella sakmarensis Propanoceras 189 assemblage zone 148 P. simense 189, 190 Pseudoalbaillella rhombothoracata interval zone 148 Properrinites spp. 187, 188, 189 Pseudoalbaillella u-forma–Pseudoalbaillella elegans assemblage P. boesei 190 zone 147–148 P. cumminsi 190 Ratiburi Limestone Group 303 Properrinites zone 185 Red Eagle Limestone 187 Propinacoceras 189 Redtankian events 430–431 Prosicanites 189 Redtankian LVF 407, 426 Prostachioceras 187, 188, 189 remanent magnetization see magnetostratigraphy Prothalassoceras spp. 187, 189 reptiles see tetrapods P. bashkiricus 187 Retiogastrioceras 198, 199 P. biforme 189 Rhachiphllum 39 P. serratum 187 Rhynchosauroides 389, 391, 392, 396 Protopopanoceras 187 Rio do Rasto Formation 425, 427 Protosaurus 424 Rı´o del Pen˜o´n Formation 310 Prototoceras 198 Ripernites 192 Proudenites terminalis 187 Road Canyon Formation 193, 194, 301 provinciality, problems of 42–43 Roadian Age, age calibration 52 Pseudestheria graciliformis–Palaeolimnadiopsis form Rhinow– Roadian Stage 2, 2, 34, 36,39 Pseudestheria form Lieth assemblage zone 370, 377 ammonoid biostratigraphy 193–194, 194 Pseudestheria limbata–Pseudestheria rimosa–LIoestheria form conodont biostratigraphy 120, 124, 126, 130, 132–133 Ko¨llerbach assemblage zone 370, 373 first named 26–27 Pseudestheria sp. M.–Lioestheria form Frenwegen–Palaeolimna- foraminiferal biostratigraphy 233–234 dopsis form Jessen assemblage zone 370, 373, 375 fusuline chronostratigraphy 275 Pseudoagathiceras 194 fusuline genera 254 Pseudoalbaillella bulbosa assemblage zone 145, 147, 157 GSSP 3 Pseudoalbaillella globosa interval zone 149, 157 polarity data 64, 66, 70,71 Pseudoalbaillella ishigai abundance zone 149 radiolaria zones 149, 151 Pseudoalbaillella lomentaria–Pseudoalbaillella sakmarensis rugose coral biostratigraphy 169 assemblage zone 148 87Sr/86Sr values 109, 113 Pseudoalbaillella rhombothoracata interval zone 148, 157 Roadoceras 196 Pseudoalbaillella u-forma–Pseudoalbaillella elegans assemblage Robledo Formation 397, 409 zone 147–148, 157 Robustoschwagerina 253 Pseudoemilites 192 Rockland section (Nevada) 33 Pseudofusulina uralense 33 Kungurian 3, 29, 33 Pseudogastrioceras 198, 199 Rotliegend 22, 39 Pseudohalorites 190 magnetic polarity data 66, 68, 78, 79,81 Pseudohindeodus augustus 132 tetrapods 413 Pseudohistorceras 190 Rotliegend Basin 406 Pseudometalegoceras 193 Rotliegend Group 426 Pseudoschwagerina 37, 253 Rotodiscoceras 199 Pseudosverdrupites 193 Rowan Formation 306, 307 INDEX 455 rugose corals Sakmarites spp. 188, 189 biostratigraphy 8 S. inflatus 33, 189 evolution 177–179 S. quadrilobatus 189 geographical provinces 165 Sakoa Formation 72 Central and South America 174 Salt Range (Pakistan), brachiopod biostratigrapy 307, 309–310 Gondwana–Perigondwana Sambullak Section 75 Cisuralian 171–172 San Andres Formation 409, 417 Artinskian 171–172 San Angelo Formation 410, 411, 416, 417, 426 Asselian 171–172 San Rafael Basin 330 Kungurian 172 San Ysidri Formation 409 Guadalupian 172 Sangzhites 193 Lopingian 172 Santa Anna Branch Formation 410 Greenland 173–174 Sarana Section 33 Inner Mongolia–NE China and Japan Saranian Substage 4, 34 Cisuralian 170–171 Sarginian Substage 4, 34 Artinskain 170 Saudi Arabia, palynostratigraphy 333, 333, 336 Asselian 1701 Saxonian Series 36, 38, 39 Kungurian 170–171 scanning electron microscopy (SEM), radiolaria 150, 152 Guadalupian 171 Schizoloboceras 199 North America 174 Schnebly Hill Formation 69 South China and Indochina Schubertellidae 254 Cisularian 166–169 Schwagerina moelleri 32 Artinskian 166, 169 Schwagerinidae 254 Asselian 166 Scotland, tetrapods 424 Kungurian 169 Sedgewick Formation 410 Sakmarian 166 seed plants, establishment 321 Guadalupian 169–170 Selong Group 309 Capitanian 169–170 Semily Formation 380 Roadian 169 Senja Formation 309 Wordian 169 Serbia, tetrapods 387 Lopingian 170 Series Chansingian 170 defined 1–4 Wuchapingian 170 discussions on number of divisions 26, 30, 32 Svalbard 173 Severodivinian Stage/Substage 36, 74, 75, 78, 423 Timor 172–173 Seymouran LVF 407 Ural Mountains 173 Seymouria FAD 407 palaeobiogeography 174, 176 Shadrov Formation 195 controlling factors 176–177 Shalem Colony Formation 409 Cordilleran–Arctic–Uralian Realm 175 Shangraoceras 193 subrealms 175–176 Shangsi Composite Section 74, 76, 77, 80, 81, 83, 83 Tethyan Realm 175 Shanita 238 Ruhuhu Basin 406 shark teeth 87Sr/86Sr values 109 Russia Shazipo Formation 302, 304 brachiopod biostratigraphy 291, 293, 294, 295–296 Shengoceras 193, 196 chronostratigraphic scale 37, 322 Sheshmian Substage 36, 37, 416, 417 early Permian surveys 22–23, 24 Shevyrevites 199 fusuline biostratigraphy 261, 269, 270 Shihezi Formation 424 magnetostratigraphy 429 Shikhanian Substage 2, 36 Permian first recognized 1 Shikhanites 187 proposed GSSPs 3, 33 Shindy Formation 191 tetrapods 387, 396, 406, 416, 422–424, 422, 423 Shouchangoceras 196 see also Ural Mountains Shuang-Putang Formation 194 Rustler Formation 80–81 Shyndoceras 190 Ruteh Limestone 298 Siberia Sub-Province 324, 327 Ruzhentsev, V.E. 25 Siberian Plate, brachiopod biostratigraphy 291, 292–293 Siberian Traps 56, 83, 165 Sabine Bay Formation 69, 71, 193 Sibumasu Block Sagra Formation 395 brachiopod biostratigraphy 302, 303 Saiwan Formation 304 fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 264, 267 Sakamena Formation 72, 422 Sicanites 192 Sakamoyozawa Formation 296 Sicilian Stage, ammonoid assemblages 185 Sakmara River Section 32 Sicily, fusuline biostratigraphy 262–263, 262 Sakmarian Age, age calibration 52,53 Siebigerode Formation 380 Sakmarian Stage 1, 2,32–33 Sizilites 194 ammonoid assemblages 185 Sjuranian Substage 2, 36 ammonoid biostratigraphy 188–189, 190 Skinner Ranch Formation 189, 190, 300–301 base GSSP first proposed 29 Slany Formation 380 conodont biostratigraphy 120, 124, 126, Snapper Point Formation 307 128–129, 130 Sokian Substage 36 first recognized 25 Solikamian Substage 36, 416, 417 foraminiferal biostratigraphy 233 Solikamsk 37 fusuline chronostratigraphy 274, 275 Somoholites 187, 189 fusuline genera 254 Sosioceras 194 GSSP discussions 3, 29 Sosiocrimites 190 polarity data 63, 64, 66,68–69 South Africa radiolaria zones 148 magnetic polarity data 64, 70, 83,84 rugose coral biostratigraphy 166 palynostratigraphy 332–333 87Sr/86Sr values 109 Permian first recognized 25 volcanic ash beds 4 tetrapods 387, 396, 406, 418–419, 418, 426, 427 456 INDEX

South America S. plenus 125 brachiopod biostratigrapy 307, 310 S. postconstrictus 128 fusuline biostratigraphy 255 S. postelongatus 128, 129 palynostratigraphy 330–332, 331 S. postfusus Zone 120, 124, 128 rugose coral biostratigraphy 174 S. postsigmoidalis 127 South China Block, fusuline biostratigraphy 255–258 S. profundus 127 South Curra Limestone 307 S. recreatus 125 South Qiangtang Block S. rectangulatus 123 brachiopod biostratigraphy 302, 303–304 S. russoflangulatus 125 fusuline biostratigraphy 264, 265–266 S. semiglomus 125 Southern Transitional Zone, brachiopod biostratigraphy S. sigmoidalis, Zone 120, 124, 127 301–306, 302 S. tumeous 125 Spain S. versus 127 fusuline biostratigraphy 255 S. wabaunensis Zone 120, 123, 124, 125 tetrapods 387, 395, 396, 413–415 Strigogoniatites 196 Sphaeroschwagerina 253 strontium isotope stratigraphy 7, 105–106 S. fusiformis 3 age resolution 111–113 Sphenacodon FAD 407 diagenesis 107–108 Spirolegoceras 193 fractionation 106 Spitsbergen 69 geological significance 113–114 brachiopod biostratigraphy 291–292, 291 international standards 108 brachiopod extinction 71 numerical age assignment 107 spores see palynostratigraphy Permian trend 108 87Sr/86Sr ratios 7, 105–106 Asselian–Capitanian 108–111 age resolution 111–113 theory 107 diagenesis 107–108 uncertainties 107 fractionation 106 Suakites 192 geological significance 113–114 Sub-Angaran Sub-Province 327, 328 international standards 108 Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy (SPS) 1, 21 numerical age assignment 107 future research 41 Permian trend 108 historical milestones 27 Asselian–Capitanian 108–111 newsletter named 26 theory 107 official timescale 14, 15, 26–30, 30, 31 uncertainties 107 Subperrinites 187, 189 Stacheoceras 192, 196, 198, 199 S. bakeri 188 Staffellidae 254 Substages, defined 4, 41 Stages Suess, Eduard 25 defined 1–4 Sukhona River 80 first recognized 25–26 Sundaites 196 numerical calibration 52 Sunjiagou Formation 424 standard global chronostratigraphic scale (SGCS) 21, 36, 405 Supai Group 69 correlation with tetrapod stratigraphy 425–426, 430 Supaia assemblage 356 Stassfurt Formation 397 Svalbard State Bridge Formation 72 magnetic polarity data 66,67 Steiltransian LVF 407, 418 rugose coral biostratigraphy 173 Stenolobulites 189 Svalbardian Stage 36 Stepaovites, S. festiva 131 Sverdrup Basin, palynostratigraphy 327 Sterlitamakian Stage, ammonoid assemblages 185 Sverdrupites 193 Sterlitamakian Substage 2, 4, 33, 34, 36 Svetlanoceras spp. 187, 188, 189 Stoyanowites 199 S. primore 188 Stratotype Canyon (Texas), Roadian 3, 34 S. strigosum 188, 189 Streptognathodus spp. Sweetina festiva 132 S. acuminatus 123, 125 Sweetognathus spp. S. adversus 127 aff. S. whitei 3, 124, 126 S. anaequalis 128 S. adjunctus 126 S. bellus 123 S. anceps Zone 129 S. bipartus 125 S. behnkeni 124, 126, 129 S. bonus 123, 125 S. bicarinum 126, 133 S. constrictus Zone 120, 124, 127, 128 S. bindosus Zone 124, 129, 131 S. costalis 127 S. bogoslovskajae 126 S. cristellaris Zone 120, 124, 125, 127 S. bucaramangus 124, 126 S. deflexus 125 S. clarki Zone 126, 131 S. disortum 125 S. expansus 124, 125, 126, 128 S. ex. gr barskovi 127 S. fengshanensis 126 S. florensis 128 S. gravis 129 S. fusus Zone 120, 124, 127, 128 S. guizhouensis 131, 191 S. glenisteri Zone 120, 124, 125 S. hangzhongensis 133 S. grandis 125 S. huecoensis 126 S. insignitus 123 S. incornatus 124, 126 S. invaginatus 125 S. merrilli, Zone 29, 53, 120, 124, 126, 128 S. isolatus Zone 3, 29, 32, 53, 120, 123, 124, S. obliquidentatus 129 125, 127 S. primus 33 S. lanceolatus 128, 129 S. subsymmetricus 53, 132, 133 S. latus 127, 128 S. toriyamai 129 S. longissimus 127 S. whitei, Zone 124, 126, 128, 129, 131 S. longus 123, 125 Sylva River Section 33 S. mizensi 127 Synartinskia 189 S. nodulinearis 123, 125 Synuraloceras 189 S. paraisolatus 125 Syrdenites 196, 198 INDEX 457

Tabantalites 187, 188, 189 China 424–425 T. bifurcates 189 India 425 Taeniopteris multinervis 354 Laos 425 Tahkandit Formation 291 Madagascar 422 Taiping 56 Malawi 422 Taiyuan Section 74 Morocco 422 Tajikistan, Tethyan correlations 38 Niger 422 Tal’bei Formation 71 Russia 422–424 Talpa Formation 410 South Africa 418–419 Tamaree Formation 307 Tanzania 422, 422 Tambach Formation 412, 413, 415, 427 Western Europe 424 Tambachnichnium 389, 391, 392, 393 Zimbabwe 422 Tanzania, tetrapods 406, 422, 422 Olson’s gap 416–418 Tapashanites 199 problems of record 433–434 Tapinocephalus 407 stratigraphic correlation with SGCS 425–426, 430 Assemblage Zone 426 taxonomy, Dycynodon 419–421 Tarim Basin (China), magnetic polarity data 64 tetrapods trackways 12–13, 387–388 Tarim Block, fusuline biostratigraphy 258 biochronology 394–397 Tashkazyk Formation 187, 305 ichnotaxa 388–391 Tastubian Substage 2, 33, 36 stratigraphic distribution 392–394 Tatarian Series 36, 37, 73–74, 81, 275, 423 Tetyushi Section 75,78 Tatarstan, magnetic polarity data 64 Texas Tauroceras 194 brachiopod biostratigraphy 299, 300–301 taxonomy, role in biostratigraphy 41 GSSPs 3, 34, 35, 39, 54 Teeklof Formation 418 tetrapods 409–411, 410, 412, 416 Tengchong Block stratigraphic correlation 425–426 brachiopod biostratigraphy 301–303, 302 Texoceras 192, 193 fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 264, 266–267 Textulariata, Class 231–233 Terrain Pene´en 25 Order Lituolida 233 Tethyan chronostratigraphic scale 38, 38, 275, 322 Order Textulariida 232–233 Tethyan Realm coral province 165 Order Verneuilinida 233 stratigraphic distribution 167 Thalassoceras 189, 192 Tethyan Region, Angaran therapsid event 431 fusuline biostratigraphy 268, 269 therapsids 51, 57 Hida Terrane 269, 269 Thrifty Formation 410 Inner Mongolia 269, 270 Thuringia 66 Southern Kitakami Terrane 268, 269 Thuringian Series 36, 38, 39 Russia 269, 270 Timor, rugose coral biostratigraphy 172–173 Tethyan Region, Eastern Timorites 34, 196 fusuline biostratigraphy 255 T. schucherti 196, 197 Afghanistan (north) 260–261 Timorites zone 185, 194, 196 Darvaz 260–261 Tingia carbonica 354 Fergana (southern) 260–261 Tongluceras 193, 194 260–261, fusuline biostratigraphy Tethyan Region, Eastern, Torlesse Terrane, fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 271, 273 Urals 261 Toyoma Formation 296 Indochina Block 258–259, fusuline biostratigraphy Tethyan trackways Region, Eastern, North Qiangtang–Qamdo Bolck 259–260 ichnostratigraphy (tetrapods) 387–388 North China Block 258 ichnotaxa 12–13 Palaeotethys Ocean 260 Transcaucasia, brachiopod biostratigraphy 298–300, 299 Russian Platform 261 Triassic, base defined 4 South China Block 255–258 Trogkofel Limestone 298 Tarim Block 258 Trold Fiord Formation 195 Tethyan Region, Gondwanan Tropidostoma 57, 407 fusuline biostratigraphy 263–265, 264 Assemblage Zone 426 Baoshan Block 264, 266 Tumara Formation 192 Indus–Yarlung Tsangpo Suture Zone 264, 267 Tumaroceras 191 Lhasa Block 264, 266 Tunisia northern margin 264, 267–268 fusuline biostratigraphy 262–263, 262 Sibumasu Block 264, 267 tetrapods 387, 396 South Qiangtang Block 264, 265–266 Tunlonggongba Formation 304 Tengchong Block 264, 266–267 Tuora-Sis Formation 187 Tethyan Region, Western Tupe Formation 310 fusuline biostratigraphy 261 Turkey Carnic Alps 262, 263 brachiopod biostratigraphy 302, 304–305 Iran 261–262, 262 fusuline biostratigraphy 255, 262–263, 262 Sicily 262–263, 262 tetrapods 387 Tunisia 262–263, 262 Tuyembetka Section 75 Turkey 262–263, 262 Tethys Ocean (Palaeotethys) 236 U-Pb geochronology 52 fusuline biostratigraphy 260 Cisularian–Guadalupian 53–54 tetrapods (amphibians and reptiles) 13, 57, 287–288 Nipple Hill ash bed 54, 54 early Permian Ufa River Section 32, 33, 37 Brazil 415–416 Ufimian Stage 36, 37, 275, 416, 417, 423 Canada 413 Ullmannia bronnii 354 USA 408–413 Ullmannia Zone 353 Western Europe 413–415 United Kingdom, tetrapods 387 evolutionary events 429–432 Unnamed Formation 192 mid-late Permian Ural Mountains Brazil 425 ammonoid assemblages 185 458 INDEX

Ural Mountains (Continued) Wandrawanddian Formation 307 brachiopod biostratigraphy 291, 293 Wargal Formation 78, 309 early Permian surveys 23 Washington Formation 412, 413, 414 fusuline biostratigraphy 261 Waterford Formation 64, 78, 80 GSSPs 33, 187 Waynesburg Formation 412, 413, 414 magnetic polarity data 64 Wellington Formation 411, 412 palynostratigraphy 325 Wells section (Nevada), Kungurian 3 Permian first recognized 1 Werner, Abraham 22 regional chronostratigraphic subdivisions 275 West Virginia, tetrapods 413 rugose coral biostratigraphy 173 Western European chronostratigraphic scale 38–39 volcanic ash beds 4 Whitehill Formation 427 Uralian 28, 32 Whitehorse Formation 78 fusuline genera 254 Wichita Formation 188 Uralian Series 275 Wichita Group 187, 410, 410, 411 Uraloceras spp.189 Wolfcamp Formation 39, 187, 188 U. alenense 192 Wolfcampian Series 36,39 U. sofronizkyi 192 foraminiferal biozonation 234 U. tchuvaschovi 192 Woniusi Basalt Formation 302 Uralognathus, U. cochleatus 131 Word Formation 34, 193, 195, 301 Urzhumian Stage 423 Wordian Age, age calibration 52 Urzhumian Substage 36, 73, 74, 78 Wordian Stage 2, 2, 27, 34, 36,39 USA ammonoid biostratigraphy 194–195, 195 brachiopod biostratigraphy 299, 300–301 base 54 foraminiferal biozonation 234 conodont biostratigraphy 120, 124, 126, 130, 133 fusuline biostratigraphy 255 foraminiferal biostratigraphy 234 GSSP candidates 3, 3–4, 4, 29, 33, 34, 35, 39, 54, fusuline chronostratigraphy 275 56, 73, 192 fusuline genera 254 magnetic polarity data 66,72 GSSP 3–4 tetrapods 387, 394, 396, 406 magnetic polarity data 73, 76, 77, 78–80 Arizona 412–413 radiolaria zones 151, 153 Kansas 412 rugose coral biostratigraphy 169 Nebraska 412 87Sr/86Sr values 109, 113 New Mexico 408–409, 409, 412, 425 Waagenoceras zone 185 Ohio 413 Wordian Substage, ammonoid assemblages 185 Oklahoma 411–412, 412, 416, 427 Wuchiaping Formation 297 Texas 409–411, 410, 412, 416, 425–426 Wuchiaping Limestone 35 Utah 412–413 Wuchiapingian Age, age calibration 52 West Virginia 413 Wuchiapingian Series 36 see also North America and North American Craton Wuchiapingian Stage 2, 2,35 Uskalykian Substage 2, 36 ammonoid biostratigraphy 198, 198 Usolka section 33, 53 conodont biostratigraphy 120, 124, 126, 130, 135–136 radiometric date 87 foraminiferal biostratigraphy 235 Sakmarian 3, 29 fusuline chronostratigraphy 275 Utah 66, 72, 412–13 fusuline genera 254 GSSP 4, 55 Val Gardena Formation 350, 396, 397 magnetic polarity data 70,80 Vale Formation 410 radiolaria zones 155 Valera Formation 410 rugose coral biostratigraphy 170 van Hauem Formation 194 87Sr/86Sr values 111, 112, 113 Vanartinskia 187, 188, 189 Wujiaping Formation 76 Vane Subgroup 307 radiometric date 86 Vanoss Group 412 Wulong Section 74, 80, 81 Varanopus 389, 391, 392, 393–394, 395 Verbeekinidae 254 Xenodiscus 196, 198, 199 Verkhoyansk Fold Belt, brachiopod biostratigraphy 291, Xiala Formation 303, 304 292–293 Xiangboan Stage 36, 38, 275 Verneuil, E´ douard de 22 Xiaohaizi Formation 258 vertebrate biostratigraphy 31,57 Xiaoxinzhai Formation 302, 303 Veruzhites 190 Xidagou Formation 424 Viala Formation 395 Viatcheslva assemblage 356 Yakhtashian Stage 38, 38, 191, 275, 275, 274, 276 Vjalovgnathus spp. fusuline genera 254 V. nicolli 132 Yangsingian Series 36, 37–38, 275 V. shinyensis 131 fusuline genera 254 volcanic ash beds, lack of 4 Yeso Group 205, 409 Volga-Kama Superchron 62 Yihewusu Formation 295 Vyatka River Section 61 Yinoceras 192 Vyatkian Stage 73, 74, 423 Yongzhu Formation 304, 305 Vyatkian Substage 36,74 Zamiopteris assemblage 356 Waagen, Wilhelm 25 Zamiopteris Zone 355 Waagenina 190 Zechstein 22, 39 Waagenoceras 34, 194, 196 magnetic polarity data 79,81 W. dieneri 195 Zechstein Basin, palynostratigraphy 327 Waagenoceras zone 185 Zechstein Group 424 Wabaunsee Group 394 Zhanjin Formation 303 Waggoner Ranch Formation 410, 411, 426 Zhonglupuceras 192 Waipara Terrane, fusuline biostratigraphy 271, 273 Zimbabwe, tetrapods 422 Wairaki Breccia 308 Zisongian Stage 36,37