Stratigraphic Correlation Chart for Western Colorado and Northwestern New Mexico
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Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado by Peter W
Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado By Peter W. Lipman Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series I–2799 dacite Ceobolla Creek Tuff Nelson Mountain Tuff, rhyolite Rat Creek Tuff, dacite Cebolla Creek Tuff Rat Creek Tuff, rhyolite Wheeler Geologic Monument (Half Moon Pass quadrangle) provides exceptional exposures of three outflow tuff sheets erupted from the San Luis caldera complex. Lowest sheet is Rat Creek Tuff, which is nonwelded throughout but grades upward from light-tan rhyolite (~74% SiO2) into pale brown dacite (~66% SiO2) that contains sparse dark-brown andesitic scoria. Distinctive hornblende-rich middle Cebolla Creek Tuff contains basal surge beds, overlain by vitrophyre of uniform mafic dacite that becomes less welded upward. Uppermost Nelson Mountain Tuff consists of nonwelded to weakly welded, crystal-poor rhyolite, which grades upward to a densely welded caprock of crystal-rich dacite (~68% SiO2). White arrows show contacts between outflow units. 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey CONTENTS Geologic setting . 1 Volcanism . 1 Structure . 2 Methods of study . 3 Description of map units . 4 Surficial deposits . 4 Glacial deposits . 4 Postcaldera volcanic rocks . 4 Hinsdale Formation . 4 Los Pinos Formation . 5 Oligocene volcanic rocks . 5 Rocks of the Creede Caldera cycle . 5 Creede Formation . 5 Fisher Dacite . 5 Snowshoe Mountain Tuff . 6 Rocks of the San Luis caldera complex . 7 Rocks of the Nelson Mountain caldera cycle . 7 Rocks of the Cebolla Creek caldera cycle . 9 Rocks of the Rat Creek caldera cycle . 10 Lava flows premonitory(?) to San Luis caldera complex . .11 Rocks of the South River caldera cycle . -
A History of Northwest Colorado
II* 88055956 AN ISOLATED EMPIRE BLM Library Denver Federal Center Bldg. 50, OC-521 P-O. Box 25047 Denver, CO 80225 PARE* BY FREDERIC J. ATHEARN IrORIAh ORADO STATE OFFICE BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT 1976 f- W TABLE OF CONTENTS Wb Preface. i Introduction and Chronological Summary . iv I. Northwestern Colorado Prior to Exploitation . 1 II. The Fur Trade. j_j_ III. Exploration in Northwestern Colorado, 1839-1869 23 IV. Mining and Transportation in Early Western Colorado .... 34 V. Confrontations: Settlement Versus the Ute Indians. 45 VI. Settlement in Middle Park and the Yampa Valley. 63 VII. Development of the Cattle and Sheep Industry, 1868-1920... 76 VIII. Mining and Transportation, 1890-1920 .. 91 IX. The "Moffat Road" and Northwestern Colorado, 1903-1948 . 103 X. Development of Northwestern Colorado, 1890-1940. 115 Bibliography 2&sr \)6tWet’ PREFACE Pu£Eose: This study was undertaken to provide the basis for identification and evaluation of historic resources within the Craig, Colorado District of the Bureau of Land Management. The narrative of historic activities serves as a guide and yardstick regarding what physical evidence of these activities—historic sites, structures, ruins and objects—are known or suspected to be present on the land, and evaluation of what their historical significance may be. Such information is essential in making a wide variety of land management decisions effecting historic cultural resources. Objectives: As a basic cultural resource inventory and evaluation tool, the narrative and initial inventory of known historic resources will serve a variety of objectives: 1. Provide information for basic Bureau planning docu¬ ments and land management decisions relating to cultural resources. -
Biochronology of the Triassic Tetrapod Footprints
Geological Society, London, Special Publications Tetrapod footprints - their use in biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Triassic Hendrik Klein and Spencer G. Lucas Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2010; v. 334; p. 419-446 doi:10.1144/SP334.14 Email alerting click here to receive free email alerts when new articles cite this service article Permission click here to seek permission to re-use all or part of this article request Subscribe click here to subscribe to Geological Society, London, Special Publications or the Lyell Collection Notes Downloaded by on 15 June 2010 © 2010 Geological Society of London Tetrapod footprints – their use in biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Triassic HENDRIK KLEIN1,* & SPENCER G. LUCAS2 1Ru¨bezahlstraße 1, D-92318 Neumarkt, Germany 2New Mexico Museum of Natural History, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104-1375 USA *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract: Triassic tetrapod footprints have a Pangaea-wide distribution; they are known from North America, South America, Europe, North Africa, China, Australia, Antarctica and South Africa. They often occur in sequences that lack well-preserved body fossils. Therefore, the question arises, how well can tetrapod footprints be used in age determination and correlation of stratigraphic units? The single largest problem with Triassic footprint biostratigraphy and biochronology is the non- uniform ichnotaxonomy and evaluation of footprints that show extreme variation in shape due to extramorphological (substrate-related) phenomena. Here, we exclude most of the countless ichnos- pecies of Triassic footprints, and instead we consider ichnogenera and form groups that show distinctive, anatomically-controlled features. Several characteristic footprint assemblages and ichnotaxa have a restricted stratigraphic range and obviously occur in distinct time intervals. -
Cyclicity, Dune Migration, and Wind Velocity in Lower Permian Eolian Strata, Manitou Springs, CO
Cyclicity, Dune Migration, and Wind Velocity in Lower Permian Eolian Strata, Manitou Springs, CO by James Daniel Pike, B.S. A Thesis In Geology Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCES Approved Dustin E. Sweet Chair of Committee Tom M. Lehman Jeffery A. Lee Mark Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School August, 2017 Copyright 2017, James D. Pike Texas Tech University, James Daniel Pike, August 2017 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to extend my greatest thanks to my advisor Dr. Dustin Sweet, who was an excellent advisor during this research. Dr. Sweet was vital throughout the whole process, be it answering questions, giving feedback on figures, and imparting his extensive knowledge of the ancestral Rocky Mountains on me; for this I am extremely grateful. Dr. Sweet allowed me to conduct my own research without looking over my shoulder, but was always available when needed. When I needed a push, Dr. Sweet provided it. I would like to thank my committee memebers, Dr. Lee and Dr. Lehman for providing feedback and for their unique perspectives. I would like to thank Jenna Hessert, Trent Jackson, and Khaled Chowdhury for acting as my field assistants. Their help in taking measurements, collecting samples, recording GPS coordinates, and providing unique perspectives was invaluable. Thank you to Melanie Barnes for allowing me to use her lab, and putting up with the mess I made. This research was made possible by a grant provided by the Colorado Scientific Society, and a scholarship provided by East Texas Geological Society. -
The Jackpile Sandstone Member of the Morrison Formation in West
TheJackpile Sandstone Member 0f the MorrisonFormation in west-central New Mexico- a formaldefinition byDonald E. jwen,Consulting Geologist, Tulsa, 0K 74152,and Lester J. Walters,Jr. andRonald G. Beck, ARCO Oil and Gas Co., Dallas, IX75221 The JackpileSandstone Member of the uranium mine. The JackpileSandstone is stonelenses Contactswith the underlying Morrison Formation(Upper Jurassic)in west- typically a whitish, crossbeddedsubarkose Brushy BasinMember of the Morrison For- central New Mexico is named here formallv with clay matrix and interbedded, varie- mation may be gradational, scoured, or from a stratotype near the Jackpile-PaguatL gated, pale-greento red, bentonitic mud- interbedded. The Jackpileextends only a short distancesouth of the stratotvDedue R.5W. to truncation along the basal Dakota un- conformity. However, it extendsnortheast to Lamy, north to near Cuba, and a short distancewest and a longer distancenorth- west into the subsurfaceof the San Juan Basin.Thickness of the Jackpileranges from near zero to 300ft (91 m); at the stratotype it is 100 ft (30 m) thick. Crossbeddingin- dicatesa regional easterlypaleocurrent-flow direction for the braided-streamand distal alluvial-fan complexesin which the Jackpile was deposited. Source areas were to the west and southwest,south of Gallup, and in the Mogollon Highlands. Introduction The Jackpile sandstone of economic usage has been employed informally in strati- graphic nomenclature for a distinctive bed in the uppermost part of the Brushy Basin Member of the Morrison Formation in west- central New Mexico since the Jackpile ura- nium body was discovered in that bed dur- ing 1951.The stratigraphic name fackpile has Alsoin this issue Temperatureof.mineralization in Mogollonmining district p. -
National Monument
DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONUMENT COLORADO UTAH corner of the monument. The original 80 renewed in 1923-24 by the National Mu acres of this area were set aside in 1915 to seum, Washington, D. C, and the University DINOSAUR preserve these fossil bones. The boundaries of Utah. Twenty-six nearly complete skele were extended in 1938 to include the scenic tons and a great number of partial ones canyon country. were recovered. Twelve dinosaur species National Monument At monument headquarters, 6 miles north were represented. The longest skeleton— of Jensen, Utah, is a temporary museum con Dipledocus—was 84 feet, the shortest— taining exhibits which will help you under Laosaurus—6 feet. Many of the bones have A semiarid wilderness plateau, cut by deep canyons and con stand the local geology and the story of the been assembled as complete skeletons which taining rich deposits of skeletal remains of prehistoric reptiles. dinosaurs. The Dinosaur Quarry is a quarter you may see in museums in Pittsburgh; of a mile by trail from the museum. It is Washington, D. C.; New York City; Lin an excavation in the top of a ridge where coln, Nebr.; Denver; Salt Lake City; and IN DINOSAUR NATIONAL MONU towering canyon walls. He named numerous rock layers have been removed to expose the Toronto, Canada. MENT you will find a vast wilderness geographic features, including the treach fossil-bearing strata of the Morrison forma little changed by man. Its principal scenic erous Disaster Falls, where he lost one of tion of Jurassic age, deposited approximately Early Indians features are the deep and narrow canyons his boats. -
Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation, Colorado, U.S.A
Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2008, v. 78, 0–0 Research Articles DOI: 10.2110/jsr.2008.052 DEPOSITS FROM WAVE-INFLUENCED TURBIDITY CURRENTS: PENNSYLVANIAN MINTURN FORMATION, COLORADO, U.S.A. 1 2 2 3 2 M. P. LAMB, P. M. MYROW, C. LUKENS, K. HOUCK, AND J. STRAUSS 1Department of Earth & Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A. 2Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903, U.S.A. 3Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, 80217-3363 U.S.A. e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Turbidity currents generated nearshore have been suggested to be the source of some sandy marine event beds, but in most cases the evidence is circumstantial. Such flows must commonly travel through a field of oscillatory flow caused by wind-generated waves; little is known, however, about the interactions between waves and turbidity currents. We explore these interactions through detailed process-oriented sedimentological analysis of sandstone event beds from the Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation in north-central Colorado, U.S.A. The Minturn Formation exhibits a complex stratigraphic architecture of fan-delta deposits that developed in association with high topographic relief in a tectonically active setting. An , 20–35-m- thick, unconformity-bounded unit of prodelta deposits consists of dark green shale and turbidite-like sandstone beds with tool marks produced by abundant plant debris. Some of the sandstone event beds, most abundant at distal localities, contain reverse- to-normal grading and sequences of sedimentary structures that indicate deposition from waxing to waning flows. In contrast, proximal deposits, in some cases less than a kilometer away, contain abundant beds with evidence for deposition by wave- dominated combined flows, including large-scale hummocky cross-stratification (HCS). -
Geology and Mineral Resources of Sierra Nacimiento and Vicinity, New
iv Contents ABSTRACT 7 TERTIARY-QUATERNARY 47 INTRODUCTION 7 QUATERNARY 48 LOCATION 7 Bandelier Tuff 48 PHYSIOGRAPHY 9 Surficial deposits 48 PREVIOUS WORK 9 PALEOTECTONIC SETTING 48 ROCKS AND FORMATIONS 9 REGIONAL TECTONIC SETTING 49 PRECAMBRIAN 9 STRUCTURE 49 Northern Nacimiento area 9 NACIMIENTO UPLIFT 49 Southern Nacimiento area 15 Nacimiento fault 51 CAMBRIAN-ORDOVICIAN (?) 20 Pajarito fault 52 MISSISSIPPIAN 20 Synthetic reverse faults 52 Arroyo Peñasco Formation 20 Eastward-trending faults 53 Log Springs Formation 21 Trail Creek fault 53 PENNSYLVANIAN 21 Antithetic reverse faults 53 Osha Canyon Formation 23 Normal faults 53 Sandia Formation 23 Folds 54 Madera Formation 23 SAN JUAN BASIN 55 Paleotectonic interpretation 25 En echelon folds 55 PERMIAN 25 Northeast-trending faults 55 Abo Formation 25 Synclinal bend 56 Yeso Formation 27 Northerly trending normal faults 56 Glorieta Sandstone 30 Antithetic reverse faults 56 Bernal Formation 30 GALLINA-ARCHULETA ARCH 56 TRIASSIC 30 CHAMA BASIN 57 Chinle Formation 30 RIΟ GRANDE RIFT 57 JURASSIC 34 JEMEZ VOLCANIC FIELD 59 Entrada Sandstone 34 TECTONIC EVOLUTION 60 Todilto Formation 34 MINERAL AND ENERGY RESOURCES 63 Morrison Formation 34 COPPER 63 Depositional environments 37 Mineralization 63 CRETACEOUS 37 Origin 67 Dakota Formation 37 AGGREGATE 69 Mancos Shale 39 TRAVERTINE 70 Mesaverde Group 40 GYPSUM 70 Lewis Shale 41 COAL 70 Pictured Cliffs Sandstone 41 ΗUMΑTE 70 Fruitland Formation and Kirtland Shale URANIUM 70 undivided 42 GEOTHERMAL ENERGY 72 TERTIARY 42 OIL AND GAS 72 Ojo Alamo Sandstone -
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Chronology and Faunal Evolution of the Middle Eocene Bridgerian North American Land Mammal “Age”: Achieving High Precision Geochronology Kaori Tsukui Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 © 2015 Kaori Tsukui All rights reserved ABSTRACT Chronology and Faunal Evolution of the Middle Eocene Bridgerian North American Land Mammal “Age”: Achieving High Precision Geochronology Kaori Tsukui The age of the Bridgerian/Uintan boundary has been regarded as one of the most important outstanding problems in North American Land Mammal “Age” (NALMA) biochronology. The Bridger Basin in southwestern Wyoming preserves one of the best stratigraphic records of the faunal boundary as well as the preceding Bridgerian NALMA. In this dissertation, I first developed a chronological framework for the Eocene Bridger Formation including the age of the boundary, based on a combination of magnetostratigraphy and U-Pb ID-TIMS geochronology. Within the temporal framework, I attempted at making a regional correlation of the boundary-bearing strata within the western U.S., and also assessed the body size evolution of three representative taxa from the Bridger Basin within the context of Early Eocene Climatic Optimum. Integrating radioisotopic, magnetostratigraphic and astronomical data from the early to middle Eocene, I reviewed various calibration models for the Geological Time Scale and intercalibration of 40Ar/39Ar data among laboratories and against U-Pb data, toward the community goal of achieving a high precision and well integrated Geological Time Scale. In Chapter 2, I present a magnetostratigraphy and U-Pb zircon geochronology of the Bridger Formation from the Bridger Basin in southwestern Wyoming. -
By HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN and CHARL
VoL. 6, 1920 PALAEONTOLOGY: OSBORN AND MOOK IS RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SKELETON OF THE SAUROPOD DINOSAUR CAMARASA URUS COPE (MOROSA URUS MARSH) By HENRY FAIRFIELD OSBORN AND CHARLES CRAIG MOOK AMERICAN MusEUM or NATURAL HISTORY, NEW YORK CITY Read before the Academy, November 11, 1919 The principles of modern research in vertebrate palaeontology are illustrated in the fifteen years' work resulting in the restoration of the massive sauropod dinosaur known as Camarasaurus, the "chambered saurian.." The animal was found near Canyon City, Colorado, in March, 1877. The first bones were described by Cope, August 23, 1877. The first at- tempted restoration was by Ryder, December 21, 1877. The bones analyzed by this research were found probably to belong to six individuals of Camarasaurus mingled with the remains of some carnivorous dinosaurs, all from the summit of the Morrison formation, now regarded as of Jurassic- Cretaceous age. In these two quarries Cope named nine new genera and fourteen new species of dinosaurs, none of which have found their way into. palaeontologic literature, excepting Camarasaurus. Out of these twenty-three names we unravel three genera, namely: One species of Camarasaurus, identical with Morosaurus Marsh. One species of Amphicaclias, close to Diplodocus Marsh. One species of Epanterias, close to Allosaurus Marsh. The working out of the Camarasaurus skeleton results in both the artica ulated restoration and the restoration of the musculature. The following are the principal characters: The neck is very flexible; anterior vertebrae of the back also freely movable; the division between the latter and the relatively rigid posterior dorsals is sharp. -
Distribution of Elements in Sedimentary Rocks of the Colorado Plateau a Preliminary Report
Distribution of Elements in Sedimentary Rocks of the Colorado Plateau A Preliminary Report GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1107-F Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Distribution of Elements in Sedimentary Rocks of the Colorado Plateau A Preliminary Report By WILLIAM L. NEWMAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GEOLOGY OF URANIUM GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1107-F Prepared on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. WASHINGTON : 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.G. CONTENTS Page Abstract____________________________-__-__-_---_-___-___ 337 Introduction ______________________________________________________ 339 Physical features of sedimentary rocks------_--__----_------------__- 339 Precambrian sedimentary rocks.________________________________ 341 Cambrian system____________________________________________ 342 Ordovician system..___________________________________________ 344 Devonian system._____________________________________________ 344 Mississippian system.._________________________________________ 346 Pennsylvanian system________________________________________ 346 Permian system _______________________________________________ 349 Triassic system______________________________________________ 352 Moenkopi formation _______________________________________ 352 Chinle formation..._______________________________________ -
Geologic Map and Upper Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Marble Canyon Area, Cottonwood Canyon Quadrangle, Death Valley National Park, Inyo County, California
Geologic Map and Upper Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Marble Canyon Area, Cottonwood Canyon Quadrangle, Death Valley National Park, Inyo County, California By Paul Stone, Calvin H. Stevens, Paul Belasky, Isabel P. Montañez, Lauren G. Martin, Bruce R. Wardlaw, Charles A. Sandberg, Elmira Wan, Holly A. Olson, and Susan S. Priest Pamphlet to accompany Scientific Investigations Map 3298 2014 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover View of Marble Canyon area, California, showing dark rocks of Mississippian Indian Springs Formation and Pennsylvanian Bird Spring Formation overlying light rocks of Mississippian Santa Rosa Hills Limestone in middle distance. View is southeast toward Emigrant Wash and Tucki Mountain in distance. U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2014 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Stone, P., Stevens, C.H., Belasky, P., Montanez, I.P., Martin, L.G., Wardlaw, B.R., Sandberg, C.A., Wan, E., Olson, H.A., and Priest, S.S., 2014, Geologic map and upper Paleozoic stratigraphy of the Marble Canyon area, Cottonwood Canyon quadrangle, Death Valley National Park, Inyo County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3298, scale 1:24,000, 59 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sim3298.