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An Interview with Martin E. Dempsey RD QUARTER 2015 21St-Century SOF American Land Power in Korea Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol

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An Interview with Martin E. Dempsey RD QUARTER 2015 21St-Century SOF American Land Power in Korea Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol Issue 78, 3rd Quarter 2015 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY ISSUE SEVENTY-EIGHT, 3 ISSUE SEVENTY-EIGHT, An Interview with Martin E. Dempsey RD QUARTER 2015 21st-Century SOF American Land Power in Korea Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 78, 3rd Quarter 2015 http://ndupress.ndu.edu GEN Martin E. Dempsey, USA, Publisher MajGen Frederick M. Padilla, USMC, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Copyeditor Erin L. Sindle Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Printing Office Advisory Committee COL Michael S. Bell, USA (Ret.), Ph.D./College of International Security Affairs; Maj Gen Brian T. Bishop, USAF/Air War College; LTG Robert B. Brown, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; BG Guy T. Cosentino, USA/National War College; Col J. William DeMarco, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; Col Keil Gentry, USMC/Marine Corps War College; Lt Gen David L. Goldfein, USAF/The Joint Staff; BGen Thomas A. Gorry, USMC/ Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Col Steven J. Grass, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; RADM P. Gardner Howe III/U.S. Naval War College; MG William E. Rapp, USA/U.S. Army War College; RADM John W. Smith, Jr., USN/Joint Forces Staff College; LtGen Thomas D. Waldhauser, USMC/The Joint Staff Editorial Board Richard K. Betts/Columbia University; Stephen D. Chiabotti/School of Advanced Air and Space Studies; Eliot A. Cohen/The Johns Hopkins University; COL Joseph J. Collins, USA (Ret.)/National War College; Mark J. Conversino/Air War College; Thomas P. Ehrhard/Office of the Secretary of Defense; Aaron L. Friedberg/Princeton University; Col Thomas C. Greenwood, USMC (Ret.)/Office of the Secretary of Defense; Douglas N. Hime/Naval War College; Mark H. Jacobsen/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Col Jerome M. Lynes, USMC (Ret.)/The Joint Staff; Kathleen Mahoney-Norris/Air Command and Staff College; Thomas L. McNaugher/Georgetown University; Col Mark Pizzo, USMC (Ret.)/National War College; James A. Schear/Office of the Secretary of Defense; LtGen Bernard E. Trainor, USMC (Ret.) Printed in St. Louis, Missouri, by Cover 2 images (top to bottom): U.S. Soldier assigned to Bravo Company, 1st Squadron, 9th Cavalry Regiment, 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Calvary Division, provides security outside enemy compound during Decisive Action Rotation 15-05 at National Training Center, Fort Irwin, California (U.S. Army/ Richard W. Jones, Jr.); U.S. Marines assigned to Force Reconnaissance Platoon, Maritime Raid Force, 26th Marine Expeditionary Unit, conduct HALO jump during category 3 sustainment training in Louisburg, North Carolina (U.S. Marine Corps/Andre Dakis); Chief Cryptologic Technician (Technical) Sailor assigned to amphibious dock landing ship USS Pearl Harbor hugs daughter after returning from 4-month deployment supporting Pacific Partnership 2013 (U.S. Navy/Todd C. Behrman) About the Cover In this Issue Issue 78, 3rd Quarter 2015 Lieutenant Colonel Christine Mau, 33rd Operations Group deputy commander—notably first woman Dialogue fighter pilot accepted into F-35 2 From the Chairman JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY program—completes initial F-35A Lightning II training flight at Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, on May Forum 5, 2015 (U.S. Air Force/Marleah Robertson) 14 Executive Summary 3 ISSUE SEVENTY-EIGHT, An Interview with Martin E. Dempsey 16 Islamic Radicalization in Kenya RD QUARTER 2015 21st-Century SOF By William R. Patterson American Land Power in Korea 24 The Arctic Domain: A Narrow Niche for Joint Special Operations Forces Features By Kevin D. Stringer 127 Meeting China Halfway 75 Detangling the Web: Reviewed by Christopher Nelson 32 Rapid Regeneration of A Screenshot of U.S. Irregular Warfare Capacity Government Cyber Activity By Stephen Watts, J. Michael By G. Alexander Crowther Joint Doctrine Polich, and Derek Eaton and Shaheen Ghori 129 Three Approaches to Center of Gravity Analysis: The Islamic 84 One Size Does Not Fit State of Iraq and the Levant JPME Today All: The Multifaceted By Daniel J. Smith, Kelley 40 Quo Vadis? The Education Nature of Cyber Statecraft Jeter, and Odin Westgaard of Senior Military Officers By Andrea Little Limbago By Charles D. Allen 136 Joint Doctrine Update 91 Understanding the Indications 44 Vertical and Horizontal Respect: and Warning Efforts of A Two-Dimensional Framework U.S. Ballistic Missile Defense Joint Force Quarterly is published by the National Defense University Press for the Chairman of the for Ethical Decisionmaking By Thomas K. Hensley, Lloyd Joint Chiefs of Staff. JFQ is the Chairman’s flagship By George H. Baker, Jr., P. Caviness, Stephanie Vaughn, joint military and security studies journal designed and Jason E. Wallis and Christopher Morton to inform members of the U.S. Armed Forces, allies, and other partners on joint and integrated operations; national security policy and strategy; 50 Waffles or Pancakes? 98 Spinning the Top: American efforts to combat terrorism; homeland security; Operational- versus Land Power and the Ground and developments in training and joint professional military education to transform America’s military and Tactical-Level Wargaming Campaigns of a Korean Crisis security apparatus to meet tomorrow’s challenges By Dale C. Eikmeier By John Johnson and better while protecting freedom today. All published Bradley T. Gericke articles have been vetted through a peer-review process and cleared by the Defense Office of Commentary 106 Making Soup with Prepublication and Security Review. Stones: JMTC Partnership NDU Press is the National Defense University’s 54 An Interview with cross-component, professional military and academic Christopher C. Bogdan and the NATO Connected publishing house. Forces Initiative 61 Turnaround: The Untold Story The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations By John G. Norris and expressed or implied within are those of the of the Human Terrain System James K. Dunivan contributors and do not necessarily reflect the views By Clifton Green of the Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Government. 70 On Military Professionalism Recall Submissions and Communications and Civilian Control JFQ welcomes submission of scholarly, independent 111 The Limits of Airpower or the research from members of the Armed Forces, security By Carnes Lord Limits of Strategy: The Air Wars policymakers and shapers, defense analysts, academic specialists, and civilians from the United States and in Vietnam and Their Legacies abroad. Submit articles for consideration by email to By Mark Clodfelter [email protected], with “Attention A&R Editor” in the subject line. Or write to: Editor, Joint Force Quarterly Book Reviews NDU Press 260 Fifth Avenue (Building 64, Room 2504) 125 Harlem’s Rattlers Fort Lesley J. McNair Washington, DC 20319 and the Great War Reviewed by Alan L. Gropman Telephone: (202) 685-4220/DSN 325 Email: [email protected] 126 The Modern Mercenary JFQ online: www.dtic.mil/doctrine/jfq/jfq.htm rd Reviewed by T.X. Hammes 3 Quarter, July 2015 ISSN 1070-0692 U.S. Marine Corps M-198 155mm Howitzer gun crew of 4th Battalion, 14th Marines, Mike Battery, Gun 4, at Camp Fallujah engage enemy targets November 2004 (U.S. Marine Corps/Samantha L. Jones) From the Chairman An Interview with Martin E. Dempsey n January 7, 2015, Dr. R.D. Joseph J. Collins: Can you tell us how Chiefs of Staff? That is an impressive set Hooker, Jr., Director of your views on the wars in Iraq and of perspectives on these wars. O Research and Strategic Support Afghanistan have evolved over your at the National Defense University assignments as division commander, General Martin E. Dempsey: I’d like to (NDU), and Dr. Joseph J. Collins, Multi-National Security Transition start with a vignette. I arrived in Iraq late Director of the Center for Complex Command–Iraq [MNSTC-I] com- June 2003 and took command of the 1st Operations in the Institute for mander, acting U.S. Central Command Armored Division. I had watched devel- National Strategic Studies, interviewed commander, U.S. Army Training and opments from Riyadh, where I was the General Dempsey at NDU. Giorgio Doctrine commander, Chief of Staff of program manager of the Saudi Arabian Rajao and Joanna E. Seich transcribed the Army, and Chairman of the Joint National Guard. There, I was being the interview. fed a pretty steady diet from my Saudi 2 Dialogue / From the Chairman JFQ 78, 3rd Quarter 2015 interlocutors about what was going well and what was not. I was also getting fed a heavy diet of Sunni Islam, obviously, and so I, like Bing Crosby, went on the road to Baghdad. When I got to Baghdad, there was a sense of constant transition almost to the point of turmoil. For instance, I arrived just after Lieutenant General Dave McKiernan pulled out the CFLCC [Coalition Forces Land Component Command]. If you remember the CFLCC story, he was told, I wasn’t in the room, but I was led to believe LTG McKiernan was told by Secretary [Donald] Rumsfeld to take as much risk going out as coming in, which sounds like something Secretary Rumsfeld would have said. So CFLCC had literally taken this command and control architecture, unplugged it, and went back to Kuwait in the process of redeploying. V Corps, as you recall, was left behind with General [Ricardo] “Rick” Sanchez. And my sense was that V Corps was little suited as a command and control headquarters, understaffed and under-resourced, funda- mentally a tactical headquarters. My sense was that we were a bit adrift frankly, at least in Baghdad. I can’t speak to what was happening in General Dempsey (DOD) Mosul, Ramadi, or Diyala Province. But in Baghdad, there was a bit of almost mission, how would you articulate the That was in 2003.
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