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By-Election Results: 1983-1987

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By-Election Results: 1983-1987 Factsheet M10 House of Commons Information Office Members Series By-election results: Revised November 2003 1983-1987 Contents Summary 2 This Factsheet has been archived so the Notes 3 Tables 3 content and web links may be out of Constituency results 10 date. Please visit our About Parliament Contact information 20 pages for current information. Feedback form 21 There were 31 by-elections in the 1983 Parliament. Of these by-elections, six resulted in a change in winning party compared with the 1983 General Election. The Conservatives lost four seats and Labour and the Ulster Unionists each lost one. Eleven of the by-elections were caused by the death of the sitting Member of Parliament, while 19 were due to resignations. Of these, 15 were unionist MPs in Northern Ireland who resigned as a protest against the Anglo-Irish Agreement; all but one was re-elected in the subsequent by-election. November 2003 FS No.M16 Ed 3.2 ISSN 0144-4689 © Parliamentary Copyright (House of Commons) 2003 May be reproduced for purposes of private study or research without permission. Reproduction for sale or other commercial purposes not permitted. 2 By-election results: 1983-87 House of Commons Information Office Factsheet M10 Summary There were 31 by-elections in the 1983 Parliament. This introduction gives some of the key facts about the results. The tables on pages 4 to 9 summarise the results and pages 10 to 16 give results for each constituency. Six seats changed hands at by-elections over this period. The Conservatives lost four seats: two to the Liberals and one each to Labour and the SDP. The Liberals also gained a seat from Labour while the one change in Northern Ireland was the SDLP gain from Ulster Unionist in Newry & Armagh. The other change was the resignation from the Labour Party of John Ryman. He continued to sit as Independent Labour. The two seats vacant at dissolution were both previously Labour. State of the Parties: 1983-1987 At opening of By- By- Other Seats at At General session: election election changes Dissolution: Election: 22 Jun 1983 gains losses 18 May 9 Jun 1983 1987 Con 397 395 -4 391 Lab 209 207 +1 -1 -1 204 Lib 17 17 +2 19 SDP 6 6 +1 8 Oth 21 21 +1 -1 +1 22 Speaker and Deputies 0 4 4 Vacant seats 0 0 2 Total seats 650 650 650 Reasons for by-elections Eleven of the by-elections were caused by the death of the sitting Member of Parliament and nineteen were due to resignations, including 15 on the same day by unionist MPs in Northern Ireland as a protest against the Anglo-Irish agreement. The other was caused by the elevation of Willie Whitelaw to the peerage. Turnout Average turnout across all 31 by-elections was 62.4%. This was 11.0 percentage points lower than the average for the same constituencies at the 1983 General Election. The lowest turnout was 38.1% in Tyne Bridge. Share of the vote The Liberal/SDP Alliance gained the highest share of the vote in by-elections during the 1983 Parliament with 39.0% in Great Britain. This was an increase of 12.6 percentage points on the 1983 General Election performance in these constituencies. All fifteen by-elections in Northern Ireland were held on the same day. The Ulster Unionist share increased in these constituencies by 13.7 percentage points to 51.7%. Outstanding vacancies There were two seats vacant at dissolution: Deptford and Kirkcaldy. Both were 3 By-election results: 1983-87 House of Commons Information Office Factsheet M10 previously held by Labour. Women candidates Five of the winning candidates were women; Ann Clwyd, Virginia Bottomley, Elizabeth Shields, Llin Golding and Rosie Barnes. No women left parliament. The total of women MPs at the end of the Parliament was 28. Of the 159 candidacies at by- elections in this period, 19 were by women. Notes Turnout is calculated as the number of valid votes cast (i.e. excluding spoilt ballot papers) as a percentage of the electorate. Most returning officers were able to provide exact eligible electorates for polling day. These have been used where available. For a few constituencies, returning officers were only able to provide figures for total electorates as first published. In these cases an estimate of the eligible electorate on polling day has been used. This was estimated by applying the proportion of the year that the register had been in force to the number of attainers. General Election results are taken from F.W.S. Craig’s Britain Votes 3 while the by- election results were provided taken from press reports. Key to tables * indicates a lost deposit (less than 12.5 per cent of total votes until 10 October 1985. This was then reduced to to 5 per cent) + indicates a woman candidate Tables Table 1 Summary of by-election results 1983-1987 Page 4 Table 2 Share of vote at by-elections: 1983-87 Page 6 Table 3 Change in share of vote at by-elections: 1983- Page 7 87 Table 4 Turnout at by-elections: 1983-87 Page 8 Table 5 List of party abbreviations Page 9 Individual constituency results are given on pages 10 to 16. 4 By-election results: 1983-87 House of Commons Information Office Factsheet M10 Table 1 Summary of by-election results: 1983-1987 Constituency Reason for By-election Date of Result New Member by-election Penrith & Elevation to Peerage of 28 July 1983 Con hold David Maclean the Border Willie Whitelaw (11 Jun 1983) Chesterfield Resignation of Rt Hon Eric 1 Mar 1984 Lab hold Tony Benn Varley (19 Jan 1984) Cynon Valley Death of Ioan Evans 3 May 1984 Lab hold Ann Clwyd (10 Feb 1984) Stafford Death of Rt Hon Sir Hugh 3 May 1984 Con hold William Cash Fraser (6 Mar 1984) South West Death of Maurice Macmillan 3 May 1984 Con hold Virginia Bottomley Surrey (10 Mar 1984) Portsmouth Death of Ralph Pink 14 Jun 1984 SDP gain Mike Hancock South (5 May 1984) from Con Enfield, Death of Sir Anthony Berry 13 Dec 1984 Con hold Michael Portillo Southgate (12 Oct 1984) Brecon & Death of Thomas Hooson 4 Jul 1985 Lib gain Richard Livsey Radnor (8 May 1985) from Con Tyne Bridge Death of Harry Cowans 5 Dec 1985 Lab hold David Clelland (4 Oct 1985) East Antrim Resignation of Roy Beggs 23 Jan 1986 UUP hold Roy Beggs (17 Dec 1985) North Resignation of Rev Ian 23 Jan 1986 UDU hold Rev Ian Paisley Antrim Paisley (17 Dec 1985) South Resignation of Clifford 23 Jan 1986 UUP hold Clifford Forsythe Antrim Forsythe (17 Dec 1985) Belfast East Resignation of Peter 23 Jan 1986 UDU hold Peter Robinson Robinson (17 Dec 1985) Belfast North Resignation of Cecil Walker 23 Jan 1986 UUP hold Cecil Walker (17 Dec 1985) Belfast South Resignation of Rev Martin 23 Jan 1986 UUP hold Rev Martin Smyth Smyth (17 Dec 1985) North Down Resignation of James 23 Jan 1986 UPU hold James Kilfedder Kilfedder (17 Dec 1985) South Down Resignation of Enoch Powell 23 Jan 1986 UUP hold Enoch Powell (17 Dec 1985) Fermanagh Resignation of Ken Maginnis 23 Jan 1986 UUP hold Ken Maginnis & South (17 Dec 1985) Tyrone Lagan Valley Resignation of Rt Hon 23 Jan 1986 UUP hold Rt Hon James James Molyneaux (17 Dec Molyneaux 1985) East Resignation of William Ross 23 Jan 1986 UUP hold William Ross Londonderry (17 Dec 1985) 5 By-election results: 1983-87 House of Commons Information Office Factsheet M10 Mid Ulster Resignation of William 23 Jan 1986 UDU hold William McCrea McCrea (17 Dec 1985) Newry and Resignation of James 23 Jan 1986 SDLP gain Seamus Mallon Armagh Nicholson (17 Dec 1985) from UUP Strangford Resignation of Rt Hon John 23 Jan 1986 UUP hold Rt Hon John Taylor Taylor (17 Dec 1985) Upper Bann Resignation of Harold 23 Jan 1986 UUP hold Harold McCusker McCusker (17 Dec 1985) Fulham Death of Martin Stevens 10 Apr 1986 Lab gain Nick Raynsford (10 Jan 1986) from Con Ryedale Death of John Spence 8 May 1986 Lib gain Elizabeth Shields (4 Mar 1986) from Con West Resignation of Matthew 8 May 1986 Con hold Patrick McLoughlin Derbyshire Parris (17 Apr 1986) Newcastle Resignation of John Golding 17 Jul 1986 Lab hold Llin Golding under Lyme (24 Jun 1986) Knowsley Resignation of Robert 13 Nov 1986 Lab hold George Howarth North Kilroy-Silk (1 Oct 1986) Greenwich Death of Guy Barnett 26 Feb 1987 SDP gain Rosie Barnes (24 Dec 1986) from Lab Truro Death of David Penhaligon 12 Mar 1987 Lib hold Matthew Taylor (22 Dec 1986) 6 By-election results: 1983-87 House of Commons Information Office Factsheet M10 Table 2 Share of vote at by-elections: 1983-1987 Great Britain Constituency Con Lab Lib/SDP PC/SNP Other Penrith and the Border 46.0% 7.4% 44.6% 1.9% Chesterfield 15.1% 46.5% 34.7% 3.7% Cynon Valley 7.4% 58.8% 19.9% 11.0% 3.0% Stafford 40.4% 27.4% 31.8% 0.5% South West Surrey 49.3% 6.8% 43.4% 0.5% Portsmouth South 34.3% 26.5% 37.6% 1.6% Enfield, Southgate 49.6% 11.9% 35.6% 2.9% Brecon and Radnor 27.7% 34.3% 35.8% 1.1% 1.0% Tyne Bridge 11.1% 57.8% 29.7% 1.4% Fulham 34.9% 44.4% 18.7% 2.0% Ryedale 41.3% 8.4% 50.3% 0.0% West Derbyshire 39.6% 19.8% 39.4% 1.3% Newcastle under Lyme 19.1% 40.8% 38.8% 1.3% Knowsley North 6.3% 56.3% 34.6% 2.8% Greenwich 11.2% 33.8% 53.0% 2.0% Truro 31.5% 7.1% 60.4% 0.9% Country England 31.9% 26.3% 40.3% 1.6% Wales 18.3% 45.6% 28.4% 5.7% 1.9% Great Britain 30.4% 28.4% 39.0% 0.6% 1.6% Northern Ireland Constituency UUP UDU SDLP SF UPU East Antrim 84.9% North Antrim 97.4% South Antrim 94.1% Belfast East 81.0% Belfast North 71.5% Belfast South 71.3% North Down 79.2% South Down 48.4% 44.9% 5.7% Fermanagh and South Tyrone 49.7% 21.5% 27.2% Lagan Valley 90.7% East Londonderry 93.9% Mid Ulster 46.1% 25.3% 27.2% Newry and Armagh 40.3% 45.5% 13.2% Strangford 94.2% Upper Bann 80.8% Country Northern Ireland 51.7% 14.6% 12.1% 6.6% 5.3% 7 By-election results: 1983-87 House of Commons
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