(PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARO, 70-19 BC)
THE AENEID
TRANSLATION BY A.S. KLINE (Published here under the Creative Commons License)
PARALLEL-TEXT EDITION PREPARED BY ROY GLASHAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Book I Book II Book III Book IV Book V Book VI Book VII Book VIII Book IX Book X Book XI Book XII
BOOK I
Invocation to the Muse Lines 1-11 I sing of arms and the man, he who, exiled by fate, Arma uirumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris first came from the coast of Troy to Italy, and to Italiam, fato profugus, Lauiniaque uenit Lavinian shores – hurled about endlessly by land litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto and sea, by the will of the gods, by cruel Juno's ui superum saeuae memorem Iunonis ob iram; remorseless anger, long suffering also in war, until multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem, he founded a city and brought his gods to Latium: 5 from that the Latin people came, the lords of Alba inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum, Longa, the walls of noble Rome. Muse, tell me the Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae. cause: how was she offended in her divinity, how Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso, was she grieved, the Queen of Heaven, to drive a quidue dolens, regina deum tot uoluere casus man, noted for virtue, to endure such dangers, to insignem pietate uirum, tot adire labores 10 face so many trials? Can there be such anger in the impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae? minds of the gods? Lines 12-49 The Anger of Juno Urbs antiqua fuit, Tyrii tenuere coloni, There was an ancient city, Carthage (held by Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe colonists from Tyre), opposite Italy, and the far-off ostia, diues opum studiisque asperrima belli; mouths of the Tiber, rich in wealth, and very quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam 15 savage in pursuit of war. They say Juno loved this posthabita coluisse Samo; hic illius arma, one land above all others, even neglecting Samos: hic currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse, here were her weapons and her chariot, even then si qua fata sinant, iam tum tenditque fouetque. the goddess worked at, and cherished, the idea that Progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci it should have supremacy over the nations, if only audierat, Tyrias olim quae uerteret arces; 20 the fates allowed. Yet she'd heard of offspring, hinc populum late regem belloque superbum derived from Trojan blood, that would one day uenturum excidio Libyae: sic uoluere Parcas. overthrow the Tyrian stronghold: that from them a Id metuens, ueterisque memor Saturnia belli, people would come, wide-ruling, and proud in war, prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis— to Libya's ruin: so the Fates ordained. Fearing this, necdum etiam causae irarum saeuique dolores 25 and remembering the ancient war she had fought exciderant animo: manet alta mente repostum before, at Troy, for her dear Argos, (and the cause iudicium Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae, of her anger and bitter sorrows had not yet passed et genus inuisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores. from her mind: the distant judgement of Paris His accensa super, iactatos aequore toto stayed deep in her heart, the injury to her scorned Troas, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli, 30 beauty, her hatred of the race, and abducted arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos Ganymede's honours) the daughter of Saturn, errabant, acti fatis, maria omnia circum. incited further by this, hurled the Trojans, the Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem! Greeks and pitiless Achilles had left, round the Uix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum whole ocean, keeping them far from Latium: they uela dabant laeti, et spumas salis aere ruebant, 35 wandered for many years, driven by fate over all cum Iuno, aeternum seruans sub pectore uolnus, the seas. Such an effort it was to found the Roman haec secum: 'Mene incepto desistere uictam, people. They were hardly out of sight of Sicily's nec posse Italia Teucrorum auertere regem? isle, in deeper water, joyfully spreading sail, bronze Quippe uetor fatis. Pallasne exurere classem keel ploughing the brine, when Juno, nursing the Argiuom atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto, 40 eternal wound in her breast, spoke to herself: 'Am I unius ob noxam et furias Aiacis Oilei? to abandon my purpose, conquered, unable to turn Ipsa, Iouis rapidum iaculata e nubibus ignem, the Teucrian king away from Italy! Why, the fates disiecitque rates euertitque aequora uentis, forbid it. Wasn't Pallas able to burn the Argive illum expirantem transfixo pectore flammas fleet, to sink it in the sea, because of the guilt and turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto. 45 madness of one single man, Ajax, son of Oileus? Ast ego, quae diuom incedo regina, Iouisque She herself hurled Jupiter's swift fire from the et soror et coniunx, una cum gente tot annos clouds, scattered the ships, and made the sea boil bella gero! Et quisquam numen Iunonis adoret with storms: She caught him up in a water-spout, as praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem?' he breathed flame from his pierced chest, and pinned him to a sharp rock: yet I, who walk about as queen of the gods, wife and sister of Jove, wage war on a whole race, for so many years. Indeed, will anyone worship Juno's power from now on, or place offerings, humbly, on her altars?' Lines 50-80 Juno Asks Aeolus for Help Talia flammato secum dea corde uolutans 50 So debating with herself, her heart inflamed, the nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus austris, goddess came to Aeolia, to the country of storms, Aeoliam uenit. Hic uasto rex Aeolus antro the place of wild gales. Here in his vast cave, King luctantes uentos tempestatesque sonoras Aeolus, keeps the writhing winds, and the roaring imperio premit ac uinclis et carcere frenat. tempests, under control, curbs them with chains and Illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis 55 imprisonment. They moan angrily at the doors, circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce with a mountain's vast murmurs: Aeolus sits, sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras. holding his sceptre, in his high stronghold, Ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum softening their passions, tempering their rage: if quippe ferant rapidi secum uerrantque per auras. not, they'd surely carry off seas and lands and the Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris, 60 highest heavens, with them, in rapid flight, and hoc metuens, molemque et montis insuper altos sweep them through the air. But the all-powerful imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo Father, fearing this, hid them in dark caves, and et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas. piled a high mountain mass over them and gave Ad quem tum Iuno supplex his uocibus usa est: them a king, who by fixed agreement, would know 'Aeole, namque tibi diuom pater atque hominum how to give the order to tighten or slacken the rex 65 reins. Juno now offered these words to him, et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere uento, humbly: 'Aeolus, since the Father of gods, and king gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum nauigat aequor, of men, gave you the power to quell, and raise, the Ilium in Italiam portans uictosque Penates: waves with the winds, there is a people I hate incute uim uentis submersasque obrue puppes, sailing the Tyrrhenian Sea, bringing Troy's aut age diuersos et disiice corpora ponto. 70 conquered gods to Italy: Add power to the winds, Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore nymphae, and sink their wrecked boats, or drive them apart, quarum quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea, and scatter their bodies over the sea. I have conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo, fourteen Nymphs of outstanding beauty: of whom omnis ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos I'll name Deiopea, the loveliest in looks, joined in exigat, et pulchra faciat te prole parentem.' 75 eternal marriage, and yours for ever, so that, for Aeolus haec contra: 'Tuus, O regina, quid optes such service to me as yours, she'll spend all her explorare labor; mihi iussa capessere fas est. years with you, and make you the father of lovely Tu mihi, quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra children.' Aeolus replied: 'Your task, O queen, is to Iouemque decide what you wish: my duty is to fulfil your concilias, tu das epulis accumbere diuom, orders. You brought about all this kingdom of nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem.' 80 mine, the sceptre, Jove's favour, you gave me a seat at the feasts of the gods, and you made me lord of the storms and the tempests.' Lines 81-123 Aeolus Raises the Storm Haec ubi dicta, cauum conuersa cuspide montem When he had spoken, he reversed his trident and impulit in latus: ac uenti, uelut agmine facto, struck the hollow mountain on the side: and the qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant. winds, formed ranks, rushed out by the door he'd Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis made, and whirled across the earth. They settle on una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis the sea, East and West wind, and the wind from 85 Africa, together, thick with storms, stir it all from Africus, et uastos uoluunt ad litora fluctus. its furthest deeps, and roll vast waves to shore: Insequitur clamorque uirum stridorque rudentum. follows a cry of men and a creaking of cables. Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque Suddenly clouds take sky and day away from the Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra. Trojan's eyes: dark night rests on the sea. It Intonuere poli, et crebris micat ignibus aether, 90 thunders from the pole, and the aether flashes thick praesentemque uiris intentant omnia mortem. fire, and all things threaten immediate death to Extemplo Aeneae soluuntur frigore membra: men. Instantly Aeneas groans, his limbs slack with ingemit, et duplicis tendens ad sidera palmas cold: stretching his two hands towards the heavens, talia uoce refert: 'O terque quaterque beati, he cries out in this voice: 'Oh, three, four times quis ante ora patrum Troiae sub moenibus altis 95 fortunate were those who chanced to die in front of contigit oppetere! O Danaum fortissime gentis their father's eyes under Troy's high walls! O Tydide! Mene Iliacis occumbere campis Diomede, son of Tydeus bravest of Greeks! Why non potuisse, tuaque animam hanc effundere could I not have fallen, at your hand, in the fields of dextra, Ilium, and poured out my spirit, where fierce saeuus ubi Aeacidae telo iacet Hector, ubi ingens Hector lies, beneath Achilles's spear, and mighty Sarpedon, ubi tot Simois correpta sub undis 100 Sarpedon: where Simois rolls, and sweeps away so scuta uirum galeasque et fortia corpora uoluit?' many shields, helmets, brave bodies, of men, in its Talia iactanti stridens Aquilone procella waves!' Hurling these words out, a howling blast uelum aduersa ferit, fluctusque ad sidera tollit. from the north, strikes square on the sail, and lifts Franguntur remi; tum prora auertit, et undis the seas to heaven: the oars break: then the prow dat latus; insequitur cumulo praeruptus aquae swings round and offers the beam to the waves: a mons. 105 steep mountain of water follows in a mass. Some Hi summo in fluctu pendent; his unda dehiscens ships hang on the breaker's crest: to others the terram inter fluctus aperit; furit aestus harenis. yawning deep shows land between the waves: the Tris Notus abreptas in saxa latentia torquet— surge rages with sand. The south wind catches saxa uocant Itali mediis quae in fluctibus aras— three, and whirls them onto hidden rocks (rocks the dorsum immane mari summo; tris Eurus ab alto Italians call the Altars, in mid-ocean, a vast reef on 110 the surface of the sea) three the east wind drives in breuia et Syrtis urget, miserabile uisu, from the deep, to the shallows and quick-sands (a inliditque uadis atque aggere cingit harenae. pitiful sight), dashes them against the bottom, Unam, quae Lycios fidumque uehebat Oronten, covers them with a gravel mound. A huge wave, ipsius ante oculos ingens a uertice pontus toppling, strikes one astern, in front of his very in puppim ferit: excutitur pronusque magister 115 eyes, one carrying faithful Orontes and the Lycians. uoluitur in caput; ast illam ter fluctus ibidem The steersman's thrown out and hurled headlong, torquet agens circum, et rapidus uorat aequore face down: but the sea turns the ship three times, uortex. driving her round, in place, and the swift vortex Adparent rari nantes in gurgite uasto, swallows her in the deep. Swimmers appear here arma uirum, tabulaeque, et Troia gaza per undas. and there in the vast waste, men's weapons, Iam ualidam Ilionei nauem, iam fortis Achati, 120 planking, Trojan treasure in the waves. Now the et qua uectus Abas, et qua grandaeuus Aletes, storm conquers Iloneus's tough ship, now Achates, uicit hiems; laxis laterum compagibus omnes now that in which Abas sailed, and old Aletes's: accipiunt inimicum imbrem, rimisque fatiscunt. their timbers sprung in their sides, all the ships let in the hostile tide, and split open at the seams. Lines 124-156 Neptune Intervenes Interea magno misceri murmure pontum, Neptune, meanwhile, greatly troubled, saw that the emissamque hiemem sensit Neptunus, et imis 125 sea was churned with vast murmur, and the storm stagna refusa uadis, grauiter commotus; et alto was loose and the still waters welled from their prospiciens, summa placidum caput extulit unda. deepest levels: he raised his calm face from the Disiectam Aeneae, toto uidet aequore classem, waves, gazing over the deep. He sees Aeneas's fleet fluctibus oppressos Troas caelique ruina, scattered all over the ocean, the Trojans crushed by nec latuere doli fratrem Iunonis et irae. 130 the breakers, and the plummeting sky. And Juno's Eurum ad se Zephyrumque uocat, dehinc talia anger, and her stratagems, do not escape her fatur: brother. He calls the East and West winds to him, 'Tantane uos generis tenuit fiducia uestri? and then says: 'Does confidence in your birth fill Iam caelum terramque meo sine numine, uenti, you so? Winds, do you dare, without my intent, to miscere, et tantas audetis tollere moles? mix earth with sky, and cause such trouble, now? Quos ego—sed motos praestat componere fluctus. You whom I – ! But it's better to calm the running 135 waves: you'll answer to me later for this misfortune, Post mihi non simili poena commissa luetis. with a different punishment. Hurry, fly now, and Maturate fugam, regique haec dicite uestro: say this to your king: control of the ocean, and the non illi imperium pelagi saeuumque tridentem, fierce trident, were given to me, by lot, and not to sed mihi sorte datum. Tenet ille immania saxa, him. He owns the wild rocks, home to you, and uestras, Eure, domos; illa se iactet in aula 140 yours, East Wind: let Aeolus officiate in his palace, Aeolus, et clauso uentorum carcere regnet.' and be king in the closed prison of the winds.' So Sic ait, et dicto citius tumida aequora placat, he speaks, and swifter than his speech, he calms the collectasque fugat nubes, solemque reducit. swollen sea, scatters the gathered cloud, and brings Cymothoe simul et Triton adnixus acuto back the sun. Cymothoë and Triton, working detrudunt nauis scopulo; leuat ipse tridenti; 145 together, thrust the ships from the sharp reef: et uastas aperit syrtis, et temperat aequor, Neptune himself raises them with his trident, parts atque rotis summas leuibus perlabitur undas. the vast quicksand, tempers the flood, and glides on Ac ueluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est weightless wheels, over the tops of the waves. As seditio, saeuitque animis ignobile uolgus, often, when rebellion breaks out in a great nation, iamque faces et saxa uolant—furor arma ministrat; and the common rabble rage with passion, and soon 150 stones and fiery torches fly (frenzy supplying tum, pietate grauem ac meritis si forte uirum quem weapons), if they then see a man of great virtue, conspexere, silent, arrectisque auribus adstant; and weighty service, they are silent, and stand there ille regit dictis animos, et pectora mulcet,— listening attentively: he sways their passions with sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, aequora postquam his words and soothes their hearts: so all the uproar prospiciens genitor caeloque inuectus aperto 155 of the ocean died, as soon as their father, gazing flectit equos, curruque uolans dat lora secundo. over the water, carried through the clear sky, wheeled his horses, and gave them their head, flying behind in his chariot. Lines 157-222 Shelter on the Libyan Coast Defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu The weary followers of Aeneas made efforts to set contendunt petere, et Libyae uertuntur ad oras. a course for the nearest land, and tacked towards Est in secessu longo locus: insula portum the Libyan coast. There is a place there in a deep efficit obiectu laterum, quibus omnis ab alto 160 inlet: an island forms a harbour with the barrier of frangitur inque sinus scindit sese unda reductos. its bulk, on which every wave from the deep Hinc atque hinc uastae rupes geminique minantur breaks, and divides into diminishing ripples. On in caelum scopuli, quorum sub uertice late this side and that, vast cliffs and twin crags loom in aequora tuta silent; tum siluis scaena coruscis the sky, under whose summits the whole sea is desuper horrentique atrum nemus imminet umbra. calm, far and wide: then, above that, is a scene of 165 glittering woods, and a dark grove overhangs the Fronte sub aduersa scopulis pendentibus antrum, water, with leafy shade: under the headland intus aquae dulces uiuoque sedilia saxo, opposite is a cave, curtained with rock, inside it, nympharum domus: hic fessas non uincula nauis fresh water, and seats of natural stone, the home of ulla tenent, unco non alligat ancora morsu. Nymphs. No hawsers moor the weary ships here, Huc septem Aeneas collectis nauibus omni 170 no anchor, with its hooked flukes, fastens them. ex numero subit; ac magno telluris amore Aeneas takes shelter here with seven ships gathered egressi optata potiuntur Troes harena, from the fleet, and the Trojans, with a passion for et sale tabentis artus in litore ponunt. dry land, disembarking, take possession of the Ac primum silici scintillam excudit Achates, sands they longed for, and stretch their brine-caked succepitque ignem foliis, atque arida circum 175 bodies on the shore. At once Achates strikes a nutrimenta dedit, rapuitque in fomite flammam. spark from his flint, catches the fire in the leaves, Tum Cererem corruptam undis Cerealiaque arma places dry fuel round it, and quickly has flames expediunt fessi rerum, frugesque receptas among the kindling. Then, wearied by events, they et torrere parant flammis et frangere saxo. take out wheat, damaged by the sea, and Aeneas scopulum interea conscendit, et omnem 180 implements of Ceres, and prepare to parch the grain prospectum late pelago petit, Anthea si quem over the flames, and grind it on stone. Aeneas iactatum uento uideat Phrygiasque biremis, climbs a crag meanwhile, and searches the whole aut Capyn, aut celsis in puppibus arma Caici. prospect far and wide over the sea, looking if he Nauem in conspectu nullam, tris litore ceruos can see anything of Antheus and his storm-tossed prospicit errantis; hos tota armenta sequuntur 185 Phrygian galleys, or Capys, or Caicus's arms a tergo, et longum per uallis pascitur agmen. blazoned on a high stern. There's no ship in sight: Constitit hic, arcumque manu celerisque sagittas he sees three stags wandering on the shore: whole corripuit, fidus quae tela gerebat Achates; herds of deer follow at their back, and graze in long ductoresque ipsos primum, capita alta ferentis lines along the valley. He halts at this, and grasps in cornibus arboreis, sternit, tum uolgus, et omnem his hand his bow and swift arrows, shafts that loyal 190 Achates carries, and first he shoots the leaders miscet agens telis nemora inter frondea turbam; themselves, their heads, with branching antlers, nec prius absistit, quam septem ingentia uictor held high, then the mass, with his shafts, and drives corpora fundat humi, et numerum cum nauibus the whole crowd in confusion among the leaves: aequet. The conqueror does not stop until he's scattered Hinc portum petit, et socios partitur in omnes. seven huge carcasses on the ground, equal in Vina bonus quae deinde cadis onerarat Acestes 195 number to his ships. Then he seeks the harbour, and litore Trinacrio dederatque abeuntibus heros, divides them among all his friends. Next he shares diuidit, et dictis maerentia pectora mulcet: out the wine that the good Acestes had stowed in 'O socii—neque enim ignari sumus ante jars, on the Trinacrian coast, and that hero had malorum— given them on leaving: and speaking to them, O passi grauiora, dabit deus his quoque finem. calmed their sad hearts: 'O friends (well, we were Vos et Scyllaeam rabiem penitusque sonantis 200 not unknown to trouble before) O you who've accestis scopulos, uos et Cyclopea saxa endured worse, the god will grant an end to this experti: reuocate animos, maestumque timorem too. You've faced rabid Scylla, and her deep- mittite: forsan et haec olim meminisse iuuabit. sounding cliffs: and you've experienced the Per uarios casus, per tot discrimina rerum Cyclopes's rocks: remember your courage and tendimus in Latium; sedes ubi fata quietas 205 chase away gloomy fears: perhaps one day you'll ostendunt; illic fas regna resurgere Troiae. even delight in remembering this. Through all these Durate, et uosmet rebus seruate secundis.' misfortunes, these dangerous times, we head for Talia uoce refert, curisque ingentibus aeger Latium, where the fates hold peaceful lives for us: spem uoltu simulat, premit altum corde dolorem. there Troy's kingdom can rise again. Endure, and Illi se praedae accingunt, dapibusque futuris; 210 preserve yourselves for happier days.' So his voice tergora deripiunt costis et uiscera nudant; utters, and sick with the weight of care, he pretends pars in frusta secant ueribusque trementia figunt; hope, in his look, and stifles the pain deep in his litore aena locant alii, flammasque ministrant. heart. They make ready the game, and the future Tum uictu reuocant uires, fusique per herbam feast: they flay the hides from the ribs and lay the implentur ueteris Bacchi pinguisque ferinae. 215 flesh bare: some cut it in pieces, quivering, and fix Postquam exempta fames epulis mensaeque it on spits, others place cauldrons on the beach, and remotae, feed them with flames. Then they revive their amissos longo socios sermone requirunt, strength with food, stretched on the grass, and fill spemque metumque inter dubii, seu uiuere credant, themselves with rich venison and old wine. When siue extrema pati nec iam exaudire uocatos. hunger is quenched by the feast, and the remnants Praecipue pius Aeneas nunc acris Oronti, 220 cleared, deep in conversation, they discuss their nunc Amyci casum gemit et crudelia secum missing friends, and, between hope and fear, fata Lyci, fortemque Gyan, fortemque Cloanthum. question whether they live, or whether they've suffered death and no longer hear their name. Aeneas, the virtuous, above all mourns the lot of fierce Orontes, then that of Amycus, together with Lycus's cruel fate, and those of brave Gyus, and brave Cloanthus. Lines 223-256 Venus Intercedes with Jupiter Et iam finis erat, cum Iuppiter aethere summo Now, all was complete, when Jupiter, from the despiciens mare ueliuolum terrasque iacentis heights of the air, looked down on the sea with its litoraque et latos populos, sic uertice caeli 225 flying sails, and the broad lands, and the coasts, and constitit, et Libyae defixit lumina regnis. the people far and wide, and paused, at the summit Atque illum talis iactantem pectore curas of heaven, and fixed his eyes on the Libyan tristior et lacrimis oculos suffusa nitentis kingdom. And as he weighed such cares as he had adloquitur Venus: 'O qui res hominumque deumque in his heart, Venus spoke to him, sadder still, her aeternis regis imperiis, et fulmine terres, 230 bright eyes brimming with tears: 'Oh you who rule quid meus Aeneas in te committere tantum, things human, and divine, with eternal law, and quid Troes potuere, quibus, tot funera passis, who terrify them all with your lightning-bolt, what cunctus ob Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis? can my Aeneas have done to you that's so serious, Certe hinc Romanos olim, uoluentibus annis, what have the Trojans done, who've suffered so hinc fore ductores, reuocato a sanguine Teucri, 235 much destruction, to whom the whole world's qui mare, qui terras omni dicione tenerent, closed, because of the Italian lands? Surely you pollicitus, quae te, genitor, sententia uertit? promised that at some point, as the years rolled by, Hoc equidem occasum Troiae tristisque ruinas the Romans would rise from them, leaders would solabar, fatis contraria fata rependens; rise, restored from Teucer's blood, who would hold nunc eadem fortuna uiros tot casibus actos 240 power over the sea, and all the lands. Father, what insequitur. Quem das finem, rex magne, laborum? thought has changed your mind? It consoled me for Antenor potuit, mediis elapsus Achiuis, the fall of Troy, and its sad ruin, weighing one Illyricos penetrare sinus, atque intima tutus destiny, indeed, against opposing destinies: now the regna Liburnorum, et fontem superare Timaui, same misfortune follows these men driven on by unde per ora nouem uasto cum murmure montis such disasters. Great king, what end to their efforts 245 will you give? Antenor could escape through the it mare proruptum et pelago premit arua sonanti. thick of the Greek army, and safely enter the Hic tamen ille urbem Pataui sedesque locauit Illyrian gulfs, and deep into the realms of the Teucrorum, et genti nomen dedit, armaque fixit Liburnians, and pass the founts of Timavus, from Troia; nunc placida compostus pace quiescit: which the river bursts, with a huge mountainous nos, tua progenies, caeli quibus adnuis arcem, 250 roar, through nine mouths, and buries the fields nauibus (infandum!) amissis, unius ob iram under its noisy flood. Here, nonetheless, he sited prodimur atque Italis longe disiungimur oris. the city of Padua, and homes for Teucrians, and Hic pietatis honos? Sic nos in sceptra reponis?' gave the people a name, and hung up the arms of Olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum, Troy: now he's calmly settled, in tranquil peace. uoltu, quo caelum tempestatesque serenat, 255 But we, your race, to whom you permit the heights oscula libauit natae, dehinc talia fatur: of heaven, lose our ships (shameful!), betrayed, because of one person's anger, and kept far away from the shores of Italy. Is this the prize for virtue? Is this how you restore our rule? The father of men and gods, smiled at her with that look with which he clears the sky of storms, kissed his daughter's lips, and then said this: Lines 257-296 Jupiter's Prophecy 'Parce metu, Cytherea: manent immota tuorum 'Don't be afraid, Cytherea, your child's fate remains fata tibi; cernes urbem et promissa Lauini unaltered: You'll see the city of Lavinium, and the moenia, sublimemque feres ad sidera caeli walls I promised, and you'll raise great-hearted magnanimum Aenean; neque me sententia uertit. Aeneas high, to the starry sky: No thought has 260 changed my mind. This son of yours (since this Hic tibi (fabor enim, quando haec te cura remordet, trouble gnaws at my heart, I'll speak, and unroll the longius et uoluens fatorum arcana mouebo) secret scroll of destiny) will wage a mighty war in bellum ingens geret Italia, populosque feroces Italy, destroy proud peoples, and establish laws, contundet, moresque uiris et moenia ponet, and city walls, for his warriors, until a third tertia dum Latio regnantem uiderit aestas, 265 summer sees his reign in Latium, and three winter ternaque transierint Rutulis hiberna subactis. camps pass since the Rutulians were beaten. But At puer Ascanius, cui nunc cognomen Iulo the boy Ascanius, surnamed Iulus now (He was Ilus additur,—Ilus erat, dum res stetit Ilia regno,— while the Ilian kingdom was a reality) will triginta magnos uoluendis mensibus orbis imperially complete thirty great circles of the imperio explebit, regnumque ab sede Lauini 270 turning months, and transfer his throne from its site transferet, et longam multa ui muniet Albam. at Lavinium, and mighty in power, will build the Hic iam ter centum totos regnabitur annos walls of Alba Longa. Here kings of Hector's race gente sub Hectorea, donec regina sacerdos, will reign now for three hundred years complete, Marte grauis, geminam partu dabit Ilia prolem. until a royal priestess, Ilia, heavy with child, shall Inde lupae fuluo nutricis tegmine laetus 275 bear Mars twins. Then Romulus will further the Romulus excipiet gentem, et Mauortia condet race, proud in his nurse the she-wolf's tawny pelt, moenia, Romanosque suo de nomine dicet. and found the walls of Mars, and call the people His ego nec metas rerum nec tempora pono; Romans, from his own name. I've fixed no limits or imperium sine fine dedi. Quin aspera Iuno, duration to their possessions: I've given them quae mare nunc terrasque metu caelumque fatigat, empire without end. Why, harsh Juno who now 280 torments land, and sea and sky with fear, will consilia in melius referet, mecumque fouebit respond to better judgement, and favour the Romanos rerum dominos gentemque togatam: Romans, masters of the world, and people of the sic placitum. Veniet lustris labentibus aetas, toga, with me. So it is decreed. A time will come, cum domus Assaraci Phthiam clarasque Mycenas as the years glide by, when the Trojan house of seruitio premet, ac uictis dominabitur Argis. 285 Assaracus will force Phthia into slavery, and be Nascetur pulchra Troianus origine Caesar, lords of beaten Argos. From this glorious source a imperium oceano, famam qui terminet astris,— Trojan Caesar will be born, who will bound the Iulius, a magno demissum nomen Iulo. empire with Ocean, his fame with the stars, Hunc tu olim caelo, spoliis Orientis onustum, Augustus, a Julius, his name descended from the accipies secura; uocabitur hic quoque uotis. 290 great Iulus. You, no longer anxious, will receive Aspera tum positis mitescent saecula bellis; him one day in heaven, burdened with Eastern cana Fides, et Vesta, Remo cum fratre Quirinus, spoils: he'll be called to in prayer. Then with wars iura dabunt; dirae ferro et compagibus artis abandoned, the harsh ages will grow mild: White claudentur Belli portae; Furor impius intus, haired Trust, and Vesta, Quirinus with his brother saeua sedens super arma, et centum uinctus aenis Remus will make the laws: the gates of War, grim 295 with iron, and narrowed by bars, will be closed: post tergum nodis, fremet horridus ore cruento.' inside impious Rage will roar frighteningly from blood-stained mouth, seated on savage weapons, hands tied behind his back, with a hundred knots of bronze.' Lines 297-371 Venus Speaks to Aeneas Haec ait, et Maia genitum demittit ab alto, Saying this, he sends Mercury, Maia's son, down ut terrae, utque nouae pateant Karthaginis arces from heaven, so that the country and strongholds of hospitio Teucris, ne fati nescia Dido this new Carthage would open to the Trojans, as finibus arceret: uolat ille per aera magnum 300 guests, and Dido, unaware of fate, would not keep remigio alarum, ac Libyae citus adstitit oris. them from her territory. He flies through the air Et iam iussa facit, ponuntque ferocia Poeni with a beating of mighty wings and quickly lands corda uolente deo; in primis regina quietum on Libyan shore. And soon does as commanded, accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam. and the Phoenicians set aside their savage instincts, At pius Aeneas, per noctem plurima uoluens, 305 by the god's will: the queen above all adopts calm ut primum lux alma data est, exire locosque feelings, and kind thoughts, towards the Trojans. explorare nouos, quas uento accesserit oras, But Aeneas, the virtuous, turning things over all qui teneant, nam inculta uidet, hominesne feraene, night, decides, as soon as kindly dawn appears, to quaerere constituit, sociisque exacta referre go out and explore the place, to find what shores he Classem in conuexo nemorum sub rupe cauata 310 has reached, on the wind, who owns them (since he arboribus clausam circum atque horrentibus umbris sees desert) man or beast, and bring back the details occulit; ipse uno graditur comitatus Achate, to his friends. He conceals the boats in over- bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro. hanging woods under an arching cliff, enclosed by Cui mater media sese tulit obuia silua, trees and leafy shadows: accompanied only by uirginis os habitumque gerens, et uirginis arma 315 Achetes, he goes, swinging two broad-bladed Spartanae, uel qualis equos Threissa fatigat spears in his hand. His mother met him herself, Harpalyce, uolucremque fuga praeuertitur Hebrum. among the trees, with the face and appearance of a Namque umeris de more habilem suspenderat virgin, and a virgin's weapons, a Spartan girl, or arcum such as Harpalyce of Thrace, who wearies horses, uenatrix, dederatque comam diffundere uentis, and outdoes winged Hebrus in flight. For she'd nuda genu, nodoque sinus collecta fluentis. 320 slung her bow from her shoulders, at the ready, like Ac prior, 'Heus' inquit 'iuuenes, monstrate mearum a huntress, and loosed her hair for the wind to uidistis si quam hic errantem forte sororum, scatter, her knees bare, and her flowing tunic succinctam pharetra et maculosae tegmine lyncis, gathered up in a knot. And she cried first: 'Hello, aut spumantis apri cursum clamore prementem.' you young men, tell me, if you've seen my sister Sic Venus; et Veneris contra sic filius orsus: 325 wandering here by any chance, wearing a quiver, 'Nulla tuarum audita mihi neque uisa sororum— and the hide of a dappled lynx, or shouting, hot on O quam te memorem, uirgo? Namque haud tibi the track of a slavering boar?' So Venus: and so uoltus Venus's son began in answer: 'I've not seen or heard mortalis, nec uox hominem sonat: O, dea certe— any of your sisters, O Virgin – or how should I an Phoebi soror? an nympharum sanguinis una?— name you? Since your looks are not mortal and sis felix, nostrumque leues, quaecumque, laborem, your voice is more than human: oh, a goddess for 330 certain! Or Phoebus's sister? Or one of the race of et, quo sub caelo tandem, quibus orbis in oris Nymphs? Be kind, whoever you may be, and iactemur, doceas. Ignari hominumque locorumque lighten our labour, and tell us only what sky we're erramus, uento huc uastis et fluctibus acti: under, and what shores we've landed on: we're multa tibi ante aras nostra cadet hostia dextra.' adrift here, driven by wind and vast seas, knowing Tum Venus: 'Haud equidem tali me dignor honore; nothing of the people or the country: many a 335 sacrifice to you will fall at the altars, under our uirginibus Tyriis mos est gestare pharetram, hand.' Then Venus said: 'I don't think myself purpureoque alte suras uincire cothurno. worthy of such honours: it's the custom of Tyrian Punica regna uides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbem; girls to carry a quiver, and lace our calves high up, sed fines Libyci, genus intractabile bello. over red hunting boots. You see the kingdom of Imperium Dido Tyria regit urbe profecta, 340 Carthage, Tyrians, Agenor's city: but bordered by germanum fugiens. Longa est iniuria, longae Libyans, a people formidable in war. Dido rules ambages; sed summa sequar fastigia rerum. this empire, having set out from Tyre, fleeing her 'Huic coniunx Sychaeus erat, ditissimus agri brother. It's a long tale of wrong, with many Phoenicum, et magno miserae dilectus amore, windings: but I'll trace the main chapters of the cui pater intactam dederat, primisque iugarat 345 story. Sychaeus was her husband, wealthiest, in ominibus. Sed regna Tyri germanus habebat land, of Phoenicians and loved with a great love by Pygmalion, scelere ante alios immanior omnes. the wretched girl, whose father gave her as a virgin Quos inter medius uenit furor. Ille Sychaeum to him, and wed them with great solemnity. But her impius ante aras, atque auri caecus amore, brother Pygmalion, savage in wickedness beyond clam ferro incautum superat, securus amorum 350 all others, held the kingdom of Tyre. Madness germanae; factumque diu celauit, et aegram, came between them. The king, blinded by greed for multa malus simulans, uana spe lusit amantem. gold, killed the unwary Sychaeus, secretly, with a Ipsa sed in somnis inhumati uenit imago knife, impiously, in front of the altars, indifferent to coniugis, ora modis attollens pallida miris, his sister's affections. He concealed his actions for a crudeles aras traiectaque pectora ferro 355 while, deceived the lovesick girl, with empty nudauit, caecumque domus scelus omne retexit. hopes, and many evil pretences. But the ghost of Tum celerare fugam patriaque excedere suadet, her unburied husband came to her in dream: lifting auxiliumque uiae ueteres tellure recludit his pale head in a strange manner, he laid bare the thesauros, ignotum argenti pondus et auri. cruelty at the altars, and his heart pierced by the His commota fugam Dido sociosque parabat: 360 knife, and unveiled all the secret wickedness of that conueniunt, quibus aut odium crudele tyranni house. Then he urged her to leave quickly and aut metus acer erat; nauis, quae forte paratae, abandon her country, and, to help her journey, corripiunt, onerantque auro: portantur auari revealed an ancient treasure under the earth, an Pygmalionis opes pelago; dux femina facti. unknown weight of gold and silver. Shaken by all Deuenere locos, ubi nunc ingentia cernis 365 this, Dido prepared her flight and her friends. moenia surgentemque nouae Karthaginis arcem, Those who had fierce hatred of the tyrant or bitter mercatique solum, facti de nomine Byrsam, fear, gathered together: they seized some ships that taurino quantum possent circumdare tergo. by chance were ready, and loaded the gold: greedy Sed uos qui tandem, quibus aut uenistis ab oris, Pygmalion's riches are carried overseas: a woman quoue tenetis iter? 'Quaerenti talibus ille 370 leads the enterprise. The came to this place, and suspirans, imoque trahens a pectore uocem: bought land, where you now see the vast walls, and resurgent stronghold, of new Carthage, as much as they could enclose with the strips of hide from a single bull, and from that they called it Byrsa. But who then are you? What shores do you come from? What course do you take?' He sighed as she questioned him, and drawing the words from deep in his heart he replied: Lines 372-417 She Directs Him to Dido's Palace 'O dea, si prima repetens ab origine pergam, 'O goddess, if I were to start my tale at the very et uacet annalis nostrorum audire laborum, beginning, and you had time to hear the story of our ante diem clauso componat Vesper Olympo. misfortunes, Vesper would have shut day away in Nos Troia antiqua, si uestras forte per auris 375 the closed heavens. A storm drove us at whim to Troiae nomen iit, diuersa per aequora uectos Libya's shores, sailing the many seas from ancient forte sua Libycis tempestas adpulit oris. Troy, if by chance the name of Troy has come to Sum pius Aeneas, raptos qui ex hoste Penates your hearing. I am that Aeneas, the virtuous, who classe ueho mecum, fama super aethera notus. carries my household gods in my ship with me, Italiam quaero patriam et genus ab Ioue summo. having snatched them from the enemy, my name is 380 known beyond the sky. I seek my country Italy, and Bis denis Phrygium conscendi nauibus aequor, a people born of Jupiter on high. I embarked on the matre dea monstrante uiam, data fata secutus; Phrygian sea with twenty ships, following my uix septem conuolsae undis Euroque supersunt. given fate, my mother, a goddess, showing the way: Ipse ignotus, egens, Libyae deserta peragro, barely seven are left, wrenched from the wind and Europa atque Asia pulsus.' Nec plura querentem waves. I myself wander, destitute and unknown, in 385 the Libyan desert, driven from Europe and Asia.' passa Venus medio sic interfata dolore est: Venus did not wait for further complaint but broke 'Quisquis es, haud, credo, inuisus caelestibus auras in on his lament like this: 'Whoever you are I don't uitalis carpis, Tyriam qui adueneris urbem. think you draw the breath of life while hated by the Perge modo, atque hinc te reginae ad limina perfer, gods, you who've reached a city of Tyre. Only go Namque tibi reduces socios classemque relatam on from here, and take yourself to the queen's 390 threshold, since I bring you news that your friends nuntio, et in tutum uersis aquilonibus actam, are restored, and your ships recalled, driven to ni frustra augurium uani docuere parentes. safety by the shifting winds, unless my parents Aspice bis senos laetantis agmine cycnos, taught me false prophecies, in vain. See, those aetheria quos lapsa plaga Iouis ales aperto twelve swans in exultant line, that an eagle, turbabat caelo; nunc terras ordine longo 395 Jupiter's bird, swooping from the heavens, was aut capere, aut captas iam despectare uidentur: troubling in the clear sky: now, in a long file, they ut reduces illi ludunt stridentibus alis, seem to have settled, or be gazing down now at et coetu cinxere polum, cantusque dedere, those who already have. As, returning, their wings haud aliter puppesque tuae pubesque tuorum beat in play, and they circle the zenith in a crowd, aut portum tenet aut pleno subit ostia uelo. 400 and give their cry, so your ships and your people Perge modo, et, qua te ducit uia, dirige gressum.' are in harbour, or near its entrance under full sail. Dixit, et auertens rosea ceruice refulsit, Only go on, turn your steps where the path takes ambrosiaeque comae diuinum uertice odorem you.' She spoke, and turning away she reflected the spirauere, pedes uestis defluxit ad imos, light from her rose-tinted neck, and breathed a et uera incessu patuit dea. Ille ubi matrem 405 divine perfume from her ambrosial hair: her robes adgnouit, tali fugientem est uoce secutus: trailed down to her feet, and, in her step, showed 'Quid natum totiens, crudelis tu quoque, falsis her a true goddess. He recognised his mother, and ludis imaginibus? Cur dextrae iungere dextram as she vanished followed her with his voice: 'You non datur, ac ueras audire et reddere uoces?' too are cruel, why do you taunt your son with false Talibus incusat, gressumque ad moenia tendit: 410 phantoms? Why am I not allowed to join hand with at Venus obscuro gradientes aere saepsit, hand, and speak and hear true words?' So he et multo nebulae circum dea fudit amictu, accuses her, and turns his steps towards the city. cernere ne quis eos, neu quis contingere posset, But Venus veiled them with a dark mist as they moliriue moram, aut ueniendi poscere causas. walked, and, as a goddess, spread a thick covering Ipsa Paphum sublimis abit, sedesque reuisit 415 of cloud around them, so that no one could see laeta suas, ubi templum illi, centumque Sabaeo them, or touch them, or cause them delay, or ask ture calent arae, sertisque recentibus halant. them where they were going. She herself soars high in the air, to Paphos, and returns to her home with delight, where her temple and its hundred altars steam with Sabean incense, fragrant with fresh garlands. Lines 418-463 The Temple of Juno Corripuere uiam interea, qua semita monstrat. Meanwhile they've tackled the route the path Iamque ascendebant collem, qui plurimus urbi revealed. And soon they climbed the hill that looms imminet, aduersasque adspectat desuper arces. 420 high over the city, and looks down from above on Miratur molem Aeneas, magalia quondam, the towers that face it. Aeneas marvels at the mass miratur portas strepitumque et strata uiarum. of buildings, once huts, marvels at the gates, the Instant ardentes Tyrii pars ducere muros, noise, the paved roads. The eager Tyrians are busy, molirique arcem et manibus subuoluere saxa, some building walls, and raising the citadel, rolling pars optare locum tecto et concludere sulco. 425 up stones by hand, some choosing the site for a [Iura magistratusque legunt sanctumque senatum;] house, and marking a furrow: they make hic portus alii effodiunt; hic alta theatris magistrates and laws, and a sacred senate: here fundamenta locant alii, immanisque columnas some are digging a harbour: others lay down the rupibus excidunt, scaenis decora alta futuris. deep foundations of a theatre, and carve huge Qualis apes aestate noua per florea rura 430 columns from the cliff, tall adornments for the exercet sub sole labor, cum gentis adultos future stage. Just as bees in early summer carry out educunt fetus, aut cum liquentia mella their tasks among the flowery fields, in the sun, stipant et dulci distendunt nectare cellas, when they lead out the adolescent young of their aut onera accipiunt uenientum, aut agmine facto race, or cram the cells with liquid honey, and swell ignauom fucos pecus a praesepibus arcent: 435 them with sweet nectar, or receive the incoming feruet opus, redolentque thymo fragrantia mella. burdens, or forming lines drive the lazy herd of 'O fortunati, quorum iam moenia surgunt!' drones from their hives: the work glows, and the Aeneas ait, et fastigia suspicit urbis. fragrant honey's sweet with thyme. 'O fortunate Infert se saeptus nebula, mirabile dictu, those whose walls already rise!' Aeneas cries, and per medios, miscetque uiris, neque cernitur ulli. admires the summits of the city. He enters among 440 them, veiled in mist (marvellous to tell) and Lucus in urbe fuit media, laetissimus umbra, mingles with the people seen by no one. There was quo primum iactati undis et turbine Poeni a grove in the centre of the city, delightful with effodere loco signum, quod regia Iuno shade, where the wave and storm-tossed monstrarat, caput acris equi; sic nam fore bello Phoenicians first uncovered the head of a fierce egregiam et facilem uictu per saecula gentem. 445 horse, that regal Juno showed them: so the race Hic templum Iunoni ingens Sidonia Dido would be noted in war, and rich in substance condebat, donis opulentum et numine diuae, throughout the ages. Here Sidonian Dido was aerea cui gradibus surgebant limina, nexaeque establishing a great temple to Juno, rich with gifts aere trabes, foribus cardo stridebat aenis. and divine presence, with bronze entrances rising Hoc primum in luco noua res oblata timorem 450 from stairways, and beams jointed with bronze, and leniit, hic primum Aeneas sperare salutem hinges creaking on bronze doors. Here in the grove ausus, et adflictis melius confidere rebus. something new appeared that calmed his fears for Namque sub ingenti lustrat dum singula templo, the first time, here for the first time Aeneas dared to reginam opperiens, dum, quae fortuna sit urbi, hope for safety, and to put greater trust in his artificumque manus inter se operumque laborem afflicted fortunes. While, waiting for the queen, in 455 the vast temple, he looks at each thing: while he miratur, uidet Iliacas ex ordine pugnas, marvels at the city's wealth, the skill of their bellaque iam fama totum uolgata per orbem, artistry, and the products of their labours, he sees Atridas, Priamumque, et saeuum ambobus the battles at Troy in their correct order, the War, Achillem. known through its fame to the whole world, the Constitit, et lacrimans, 'Quis iam locus' inquit sons of Atreus, of Priam, and Achilles angered with 'Achate, both. He halted, and said, with tears: 'What place is quae regio in terris nostri non plena laboris? 460 there, Achates, what region of earth not full of our En Priamus! Sunt hic etiam sua praemia laudi; hardships? See, Priam! Here too virtue has its sunt lacrimae rerum et mentem mortalia tangunt. rewards, here too there are tears for events, and Solue metus; feret haec aliquam tibi fama salutem.' mortal things touch the heart. Lose your fears: this fame will bring you benefit.' Lines 464-493 The Frieze Sic ait, atque animum pictura pascit inani, So he speaks, and feeds his spirit with the multa gemens, largoque umectat flumine uoltum. insubstantial frieze, sighing often, and his face wet 465 with the streaming tears. For he saw how, here, the Namque uidebat, uti bellantes Pergama circum Greeks fled, as they fought round Troy, chased by hac fugerent Graii, premeret Troiana iuuentus, the Trojan youth, and, there, the Trojans fled, with hac Phryges, instaret curru cristatus Achilles. plumed Achilles pressing them close in his chariot. Nec procul hinc Rhesi niueis tentoria uelis Not far away, through his tears, he recognises adgnoscit lacrimans, primo quae prodita somno 470 Rhesus's white-canvassed tents, that blood-stained Tydides multa uastabat caede cruentus, Diomede, Tydeus's son, laid waste with great ardentisque auertit equos in castra, prius quam slaughter, betrayed in their first sleep, diverting the pabula gustassent Troiae Xanthumque bibissent. fiery horses to his camp, before they could eat Parte alia fugiens amissis Troilus armis, Trojan fodder, or drink from the river Xanthus. infelix puer atque impar congressus Achilli, 475 Elsewhere Troilus, his weapons discarded in flight, fertur equis, curruque haeret resupinus inani, unhappy boy, unequally matched in his battle with lora tenens tamen; huic ceruixque comaeque Achilles, is dragged by his horses, clinging face-up trahuntur to the empty chariot, still clutching the reins: his per terram, et uersa puluis inscribitur hasta. neck and hair trailing on the ground, and his spear Interea ad templum non aequae Palladis ibant reversed furrowing the dust. Meanwhile the Trojan crinibus Iliades passis peplumque ferebant, 480 women with loose hair, walked to unjust Pallas's suppliciter tristes et tunsae pectora palmis; temple carrying the sacred robe, mourning humbly, diua solo fixos oculos auersa tenebat. and beating their breasts with their hands. The Ter circum Iliacos raptauerat Hectora muros, goddess was turned away, her eyes fixed on the exanimumque auro corpus uendebat Achilles. ground. Three times had Achilles dragged Hector Tum uero ingentem gemitum dat pectore ab imo, round the walls of Troy, and now was selling the 485 lifeless corpse for gold. Then Aeneas truly heaves a ut spolia, ut currus, utque ipsum corpus amici, deep sigh, from the depths of his heart, as he views tendentemque manus Priamum conspexit inermis. the spoils, the chariot, the very body of his friend, Se quoque principibus permixtum adgnouit and Priam stretching out his unwarlike hands. He Achiuis, recognised himself as well, fighting the Greek Eoasque acies et nigri Memnonis arma. princes, and the Ethiopian ranks and black Ducit Amazonidum lunatis agmina peltis 490 Memnon's armour. Raging Penthesilea leads the Penthesilea furens, mediisque in milibus ardet, file of Amazons, with crescent shields, and shines aurea subnectens exsertae cingula mammae, out among her thousands, her golden girdle bellatrix, audetque uiris concurrere uirgo. fastened beneath her exposed breasts, a virgin warrior daring to fight with men. Lines 494-519 The Arrival of Queen Dido Haec dum Dardanio Aeneae miranda uidentur, While these wonderful sights are viewed by Trojan dum stupet, obtutuque haeret defixus in uno, 495 Aeneas, while amazed he hangs there, rapt, with regina ad templum, forma pulcherrima Dido, fixed gaze, Queen Dido, of loveliest form, reached incessit magna iuuenum stipante caterua. the temple, with a great crowd of youths Qualis in Eurotae ripis aut per iuga Cynthi accompanying her. Just as Diana leads her dancing exercet Diana choros, quam mille secutae throng on Eurotas's banks, or along the ridges of hinc atque hinc glomerantur oreades; illa pharetram Cynthus, and, following her, a thousand mountain- 500 nymphs gather on either side: and she carries a fert umero, gradiensque deas supereminet omnis: quiver on her shoulder, and overtops all the other Latonae tacitum pertemptant gaudia pectus: goddesses as she walks: and delight seizes her talis erat Dido, talem se laeta ferebat mother Latona's silent heart: such was Dido, so she per medios, instans operi regnisque futuris. carried herself, joyfully, amongst them, furthering Tum foribus diuae, media testudine templi, 505 the work, and her rising kingdom. Then, fenced saepta armis, solioque alte subnixa resedit. with weapons, and resting on a high throne, she Iura dabat legesque uiris, operumque laborem took her seat, at the goddess's doorway, under the partibus aequabat iustis, aut sorte trahebat: central vault. She was giving out laws and statutes cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno to the people, and sharing the workers labour out in Anthea Sergestumque uidet fortemque Cloanthum, fair proportions, or assigning it by lot: when 510 Aeneas suddenly saw Antheus, and Sergestus, and Teucrorumque alios, ater quos aequore turbo brave Cloanthus, approaching, among a large dispulerat penitusque alias auexerat oras. crowd, with others of the Trojans whom the black Obstipuit simul ipse simul perculsus Achates storm-clouds had scattered over the sea and carried laetitiaque metuque; auidi coniungere dextras far off to other shores. He was stunned, and ardebant; sed res animos incognita turbat. 515 Achates was stunned as well with joy and fear: they Dissimulant, et nube caua speculantur amicti, burned with eagerness to clasp hands, but the quae fortuna uiris, classem quo litore linquant, unexpected event confused their minds. They stay quid ueniant; cunctis nam lecti nauibus ibant, concealed and, veiled in the deep mist, they watch orantes ueniam, et templum clamore petebant. to see what happens to their friends, what shore they have left the fleet on, and why they are here: the elect of every ship came begging favour, and made for the temple among the shouting. Lines 520-560 Ilioneus Asks Her Assistance Postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi, 520 When they'd entered, and freedom to speak in maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit: person had been granted, Ilioneus, the eldest, began 'O Regina, nouam cui condere Iuppiter urbem calmly: 'O queen, whom Jupiter grants the right to iustitiaque dedit gentis frenare superbas, found a new city, and curb proud tribes with your Troes te miseri, uentis maria omnia uecti, justice, we unlucky Trojans, driven by the winds oramus, prohibe infandos a nauibus ignis, 525 over every sea, pray to you: keep the terror of fire parce pio generi, et propius res aspice nostras. away from our ships, spare a virtuous race and look Non nos aut ferro Libycos populare Penatis more kindly on our fate. We have not come to uenimus, aut raptas ad litora uertere praedas; despoil Libyan homes with the sword, or to carry non ea uis animo, nec tanta superbia uictis. off stolen plunder to the shore: that violence is not Est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt, 530 in our minds, the conquered have not such pride. terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glaebae; There's a place called Hesperia by the Greeks, an Oenotri coluere uiri; nunc fama minores ancient land, strong in men, with a rich soil: There Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem. the Oenotrians lived: now rumour has it that a later Hic cursus fuit: people has called it Italy, after their leader. We had cum subito adsurgens fluctu nimbosus Orion 535 set our course there when stormy Orion, rising with in uada caeca tulit, penitusque procacibus austris the tide, carried us onto hidden shoals, and fierce perque undas, superante salo, perque inuia saxa winds scattered us far, with the overwhelming dispulit; huc pauci uestris adnauimus oris. surge, over the waves among uninhabitable rocks: Quod genus hoc hominum? Quaeue hunc tam we few have drifted here to your shores. What race barbara morem of men is this? What land is so barbaric as to allow permittit patria? Hospitio prohibemur harenae; 540 this custom, that we're denied the hospitality of the bella cient, primaque uetant consistere terra. sands? They stir up war, and prevent us setting foot Si genus humanum et mortalia temnitis arma on dry land. If you despise the human race and at sperate deos memores fandi atque nefandi. mortal weapons, still trust that the gods remember 'Rex erat Aeneas nobis, quo iustior alter, right and wrong. Aeneas was our king, no one more nec pietate fuit, nec bello maior et armis. 545 just than him in his duty, or greater in war and Quem si fata uirum seruant, si uescitur aura weaponry. If fate still protects the man, if he still aetheria, neque adhuc crudelibus occubat umbris, enjoys the ethereal air, if he doesn't yet rest among non metus; officio nec te certasse priorem the cruel shades, there's nothing to fear, and you'd poeniteat. Sunt et Siculis regionibus urbes not repent of vying with him first in kindness. Then armaque, Troianoque a sanguine clarus Acestes. there are cities and fields too in the region of Sicily, 550 and famous Acestes, of Trojan blood. Allow us to Quassatam uentis liceat subducere classem, beach our fleet, damaged by the storms, and cut et siluis aptare trabes et stringere remos: planks from trees, and shape oars, so if our king's si datur Italiam, sociis et rege recepto, restored and our friends are found we can head for tendere, ut Italiam laeti Latiumque petamus; Italy, gladly seek Italy and Latium: and if our sin absumpta salus, et te, pater optime Teucrum, saviour's lost, and the Libyan seas hold you, Troy's 555 most virtuous father, if no hope now remains from pontus habet Libyae, nec spes iam restat Iuli, Iulus, let us seek the Sicilian straits, from which we at freta Sicaniae saltem sedesque paratas, were driven, and the home prepared for us, and a unde huc aduecti, regemque petamus Acesten.' king, Acestes.' So Ilioneus spoke: and the Trojans Talibus Ilioneus; cuncti simul ore fremebant all shouted with one voice. Dardanidae. 560 Lines 561-585 Dido Welcomes the Trojans Tum breuiter Dido, uoltum demissa, profatur: Then, Dido, spoke briefly, with lowered eyes: 'Soluite corde metum, Teucri, secludite curas. 'Trojans, free your hearts of fear: dispel your cares. Res dura et regni nouitas me talia cogunt Harsh events and the newness of the kingdom force moliri, et late finis custode tueri. me to effect such things, and protect my borders Quis genus Aeneadum, quis Troiae nesciat urbem, with guards on all sides. Who doesn't know of 565 Aeneas's race, and the city of Troy, the bravery, the uirtutesque uirosque, aut tanti incendia belli? men, or so great a blaze of warfare, indeed, we Non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, Phoenicians don't possess unfeeling hearts, the sun nec tam auersus equos Tyria Sol iungit ab urbe. doesn't harness his horses that far from this Tyrian Seu uos Hesperiam magnam Saturniaque arua, city. Whether you opt for mighty Hesperia, and siue Erycis finis regemque optatis Acesten, 570 Saturn's fields, or the summit of Eryx, and Acestes auxilio tutos dimittam, opibusque iuuabo. for king, I'll see you safely escorted, and help you Voltis et his mecum pariter considere regnis; with my wealth. Or do you wish to settle here with urbem quam statuo uestra est, subducite nauis; me, as equals in my kingdom? The city I build is Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur. yours: beach your ships: Trojans and Tyrians will Atque utinam rex ipse Noto compulsus eodem 575 be treated by me without distinction. I wish your adforet Aeneas! Equidem per litora certos king Aeneas himself were here, driven by that same dimittam et Libyae lustrare extrema iubebo, storm! Indeed, I'll send reliable men along the si quibus eiectus siluis aut urbibus errat.' coast, and order them to travel the length of Libya, His animum arrecti dictis et fortis Achates in case he's driven aground, and wandering the et pater Aeneas iamdudum erumpere nubem 580 woods and towns.' Brave Achetes, and our ardebant. Prior Aenean compellat Achates: forefather Aeneas, their spirits raised by these 'Nate dea, quae nunc animo sententia surgit? words, had been burning to break free of the mist. omnia tuta uides, classem sociosque receptos. Achates was first to speak, saying to Aeneas: 'Son Unus abest, medio in fluctu quem uidimus ipsi of the goddess, what intention springs to your submersum; dictis respondent cetera matris.' 585 mind? You see all's safe, the fleet and our friends have been restored to us. Only one is missing, whom we saw plunged in the waves: all else is in accord with your mother's words.' Lines 586-612 Aeneas Makes Himself Known Uix ea fatus erat, cum circumfusa repente He'd scarcely spoken when the mist surrounding scindit se nubes et in aethera purgat apertum. them suddenly parted, and vanished in the clear air. Restitit Aeneas claraque in luce refulsit, Aeneas stood there, shining in the bright daylight, os umerosque deo similis; namque ipsa decoram like a god in shoulders and face: since his mother caesariem nato genetrix lumenque iuuentae 590 had herself imparted to her son beauty to his hair, a purpureum et laetos oculis adflarat honores: glow of youth, and a joyful charm to his eyes: like quale manus addunt ebori decus, aut ubi flauo the glory art can give to ivory, or as when silver, or argentum Pariusue lapis circumdatur auro. Parian marble, is surrounded by gold. Then he Tum sic reginam adloquitur, cunctisque repente addressed the queen, suddenly, surprising them all, improuisus ait: 'Coram, quem quaeritis, adsum, 595 saying: 'I am here in person, Aeneas the Trojan, Troius Aeneas, Libycis ereptus ab undis. him whom you seek, saved from the Libyan waves. O sola infandos Troiae miserata labores, O Dido, it is not in our power, nor those of our quae nos, reliquias Danaum, terraeque marisque Trojan race, wherever they may be, scattered omnibus exhaustos iam casibus, omnium egenos, through the wide world, to pay you sufficient urbe, domo, socias, grates persoluere dignas 600 thanks, you who alone have pitied Troy's non opis est nostrae, Dido, nec quicquid ubique est unspeakable miseries, and share your city and gentis Dardaniae, magnum quae sparsa per orbem. home with us, the remnant left by the Greeks, Di tibi, si qua pios respectant numina, si quid wearied by every mischance, on land and sea, and usquam iustitia est et mens sibi conscia recti, lacking everything. May the gods, and the mind praemia digna ferant. Quae te tam laeta tulerunt itself conscious of right, bring you a just reward, if 605 the gods respect the virtuous, if there is justice saecula? Qui tanti talem genuere parentes? anywhere. What happy age gave birth to you? What In freta dum fluuii current, dum montibus umbrae parents produced such a child? Your honour, name lustrabunt conuexa, polus dum sidera pascet, and praise will endure forever, whatever lands may semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque summon me, while rivers run to the sea, while manebunt, shadows cross mountain slopes, while the sky quae me cumque uocant terrae.' Sic fatus, amicum nourishes the stars.' So saying he grasps his friend 610 Iloneus by the right hand, Serestus with the left, Ilionea petit dextra, laeuaque Serestum, then others, brave Gyus and brave Cloanthus. post alios, fortemque Gyan fortemque Cloanthum. Lines 613-656 Dido Receives Aeneas Obstipuit primo aspectu Sidonia Dido, Sidonian Dido was first amazed at the hero's looks casu deinde uiri tanto, et sic ore locuta est: then at his great misfortunes, and she spoke, 'Quis te, nate dea, per tanta pericula casus 615 saying: 'Son of a goddess, what fate pursues you insequitur? Quae uis immanibus applicat oris? through all these dangers? What force drives you to Tune ille Aeneas, quem Dardanio Anchisae these barbarous shores? Are you truly that Aeneas alma Venus Phrygii genuit Simoentis ad undam? whom kindly Venus bore to Trojan Anchises, by Atque equidem Teucrum memini Sidona uenire the waters of Phrygian Simois? Indeed, I myself finibus expulsum patriis, noua regna petentem 620 remember Teucer coming to Sidon, exiled from his auxilio Beli; genitor tum Belus opimam country's borders, seeking a new kingdom with uastabat Cyprum, et uictor dicione tenebat. Belus's help: Belus, my father, was laying waste Tempore iam ex illo casus mihi cognitus urbis rich Cyprus, and, as victor, held it by his authority. Troianae nomenque tuum regesque Pelasgi. Since then the fall of the Trojan city is known to Ipse hostis Teucros insigni laude ferebat, 625 me, and your name, and those of the Greek kings. seque ortum antiqua Teucrorum ab stirpe uolebat. Even their enemy granted the Teucrians high Quare agite, O tectis, iuuenes, succedite nostris. praise, maintaining they were born of the ancient Me quoque per multos similis fortuna labores Teucrian stock. So come, young lords, and enter iactatam hac demum uoluit consistere terra. our palace. Fortune, pursuing me too, through Non ignara mali, miseris succurrere disco.' 630 many similar troubles, willed that I would find Sic memorat; simul Aenean in regia ducit peace at last in this land. Not being unknown to tecta, simul diuom templis indicit honorem. evil, I've learned to aid the unhappy.' So she speaks, Nec minus interea sociis ad litora mittit and leads Aeneas into the royal house, and uiginti tauros, magnorum horrentia centum proclaims, as well, offerings at the god's temples. terga suum, pinguis centum cum matribus agnos, She sends no less than twenty bulls to his friends 635 on the shore, and a hundred of her largest pigs with munera laetitiamque dii. bristling backs, a hundred fat lambs with the ewes, At domus interior regali splendida luxu and joyful gifts of wine, but the interior of the instruitur, mediisque parant conuiuia tectis: palace is laid out with royal luxury, and they arte laboratae uestes ostroque superbo, prepare a feast in the centre of the palace: covers ingens argentum mensis, caelataque in auro 640 worked skilfully in princely purple, massive fortia facta patrum, series longissima rerum silverware on the tables, and her forefathers' heroic per tot ducta uiros antiqua ab origine gentis. deeds engraved in gold, a long series of exploits Aeneas (neque enim patrius consistere mentem traced through many heroes, since the ancient passus amor) rapidum ad nauis praemittit Achaten, origins of her people. Aeneas quickly sends Ascanio ferat haec, ipsumque ad moenia ducat; 645 Achates to the ships to carry the news to Ascanius omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis. (since a father's love won't let his mind rest) and Munera praeterea, Iliacis erepta ruinis, bring him to the city: on Ascanius all the care of a ferre iubet, pallam signis auroque rigentem, fond parent is fixed. He commands him to bring et circumtextum croceo uelamen acantho, gifts too, snatched from the ruins of Troy, a figured ornatus Argiuae Helenae, quos illa Mycenis, 650 robe stiff with gold, and a cloak fringed with Pergama cum peteret inconcessosque hymenaeos, yellow acanthus, worn by Helen of Argos, brought extulerat, matris Ledae mirabile donum: from Mycenae when she sailed to Troy and her praeterea sceptrum, Ilione quod gesserat olim, unlawful marriage, a wonderful gift from her maxima natarum Priami, colloque monile mother Leda: and the sceptre that Ilione, Priam's bacatum, et duplicem gemmis auroque coronam. eldest daughter, once carried, and a necklace of 655 pearls, and a double-coronet of jewels and gold. Haec celerans ita ad naues tendebat Achates. Achates, hastening to fulfil these commands, took his way towards the ships. Lines 657-694 Cupid Impersonates Ascanius At Cytherea nouas artes, noua pectore uersat But Venus was planning new wiles and stratagems Consilia, ut faciem mutatus et ora Cupido in her heart: how Cupid, altered in looks, might pro dulci Ascanio ueniat, donisque furentem arrive in place of sweet Ascanius, and arouse the incendat reginam, atque ossibus implicet ignem; passionate queen by his gifts, and entwine the fire 660 in her bones: truly she fears the unreliability of this quippe domum timet ambiguam Tyriosque house, and the duplicitous Tyrians: unyielding Juno bilinguis; angers her, and her worries increase with nightfall. urit atrox Iuno, et sub noctem cura recursat. So she speaks these words to winged Cupid: 'My Ergo his aligerum dictis adfatur Amorem: son, you who alone are my great strength, my 'Nate, meae uires, mea magna potentia solus, power, a son who scorns mighty Jupiter's Typhoean nate, patris summi qui tela Typhoia temnis, 665 thunderbolts, I ask your help, and humbly call on ad te confugio et supplex tua numina posco. your divine will. It's known to you how Aeneas, Frater ut Aeneas pelago tuus omnia circum your brother, is driven over the sea, round all the litora iactetur odiis Iunonis iniquae, shores, by bitter Juno's hatred, and you have often nota tibi, et nostro doluisti saepe dolore. grieved with my grief. Phoenician Dido holds him Hunc Phoenissa tenet Dido blandisque moratur 670 there, delaying him with flattery, and I fear what uocibus; et uereor, quo se Iunonia uertant may come of Juno's hospitality: at such a critical hospitia; haud tanto cessabit cardine rerum. turn of events she'll not be idle. So I intend to Quocirca capere ante dolis et cingere flamma deceive the queen with guile, and encircle her with reginam meditor, ne quo se numine mutet, passion, so that no divine will can rescue her, but sed magno Aeneae mecum teneatur amore. 675 she'll be seized, with me, by deep love for Aeneas. Qua facere id possis, nostram nunc accipe mentem. Now listen to my thoughts on how you can achieve Regius accitu cari genitoris ad urbem this. Summoned by his dear father, the royal child, Sidoniam puer ire parat, mea maxima cura, my greatest concern, prepares to go to the Sidonian dona ferens, pelago et flammis restantia Troiae: city, carrying gifts that survived the sea, and the hunc ego sopitum somno super alta Cythera 680 flames of Troy. I'll lull him to sleep and hide him in aut super Idalium sacrata sede recondam, my sacred shrine on the heights of Cythera or ne qua scire dolos mediusue occurrere possit. Idalium, so he can know nothing of my deceptions, Tu faciem illius noctem non amplius unam or interrupt them mid-way. For no more than a falle dolo, et notos pueri puer indue uoltus, single night imitate his looks by art, and, a boy ut, cum te gremio accipiet laetissima Dido 685 yourself, take on the known face of a boy, so that regalis inter mensas laticemque Lyaeum, when Dido takes you to her breast, joyfully, cum dabit amplexus atque oscula dulcia figet, amongst the royal feast, and the flowing wine, occultum inspires ignem fallasque ueneno.' when she embraces you, and plants sweet kisses on Paret Amor dictis carae genetricis, et alas you, you'll breathe hidden fire into her, deceive her exuit, et gressu gaudens incedit Iuli. 690 with your poison.' Cupid obeys his dear mother's At Venus Ascanio placidam per membra quietem words, sets aside his wings, and laughingly trips inrigat, et fotum gremio dea tollit in altos along with Iulus's step. But Venus pours gentle Idaliae lucos, ubi mollis amaracus illum sleep over Ascanius's limbs, and warming him in floribus et dulci adspirans complectitur umbra. her breast, carries him, with divine power, to Idalia's high groves, where soft marjoram smothers him in flowers, and the breath of its sweet shade. Lines 695-722 Cupid Deceives Dido Iamque ibat dicto parens et dona Cupido 695 Now, obedient to her orders, delighting in Achetes regia portabat Tyriis, duce laetus Achate. as guide, Cupid goes off carrying royal gifts for the Cum uenit, aulaeis iam se regina superbis Tyrians. When he arrives the queen has already aurea composuit sponda mediamque locauit. settled herself in the centre, on her golden couch Iam pater Aeneas et iam Troiana iuuentus under royal canopies. Now our forefather Aeneas conueniunt, stratoque super discumbitur ostro. 700 and the youth of Troy gather there, and recline on Dant famuli manibus lymphas, Cereremque cloths of purple. Servants pour water over their canistris hands: serve bread from baskets: and bring napkins expediunt, tonsisque ferunt mantelia uillis. of smooth cloth. Inside there are fifty female Quinquaginta intus famulae, quibus ordine longam servants, in a long line, whose task it is to prepare cura penum struere, et flammis adolere Penatis; the meal, and tend the hearth fires: a hundred more, centum aliae totidemque pares aetate ministri, 705 and as many pages of like age, to load the tables qui dapibus mensas onerent et pocula ponant. with food, and fill the cups. And the Tyrians too are Nec non et Tyrii per limina laeta frequentes gathered in crowds through the festive halls, conuenere, toris iussi discumbere pictis. summoned to recline on the embroidered couches. Mirantur dona Aeneae, mirantur Iulum They marvel at Aeneas's gifts, marvel at Iulus, the flagrantisque dei uoltus simulataque uerba, 710 god's brilliant appearance, and deceptive words, at [pallamque et pictum croceo uelamen acantho.] the robe, and the cloak embroidered with yellow Praecipue infelix, pesti deuota futurae, acanthus. The unfortunate Phoenician above all, expleri mentem nequit ardescitque tuendo doomed to future ruin, cannot pacify her feelings, Phoenissa, et pariter puero donisque mouetur. and catches fire with gazing, stirred equally by the Ille ubi complexu Aeneae colloque pependit 715 child and by the gifts. He, having hung in an et magnum falsi impleuit genitoris amorem, embrace round Aeneas's neck, and sated the reginam petit haec oculis, haec pectore toto deceived father's great love, seeks out the queen. haeret et interdum gremio fouet, inscia Dido, Dido, clings to him with her eyes and with her insidat quantus miserae deus; at memor ille heart, taking him now and then on her lap, unaware matris Acidaliae paulatim abolere Sychaeum 720 how great a god is entering her, to her sorrow. But incipit, et uiuo temptat praeuertere amore he, remembering his Cyprian mother's wishes, iam pridem resides animos desuetaque corda. begins gradually to erase all thought of Sychaeus, and works at seducing her mind, so long unstirred, and her heart unused to love, with living passion. Lines 723-756 Dido Asks for Aeneas's Story Postquam prima quies epulis, mensaeque remotae, At the first lull in the feasting, the tables were crateras magnos statuunt et uina coronant. cleared, and they set out vast bowls, and wreathed Fit strepitus tectis, uocemque per ampla uolutant the wine with garlands. Noise filled the palace, and 725 voices rolled out across the wide halls: bright lamps atria; dependent lychni laquearibus aureis hung from the golden ceilings, and blazing candles incensi, et noctem flammis funalia uincunt. dispelled the night. Then the queen asked for a Hic regina grauem gemmis auroque poposcit drinking-cup, heavy with gold and jewels, that impleuitque mero pateram, quam Belus et omnes Belus and all Belus's line were accustomed to use, a Belo soliti; tum facta silentia tectis: 730 and filled it with wine. Then the halls were silent. 'Iuppiter, hospitibus nam te dare iura loquuntur, She spoke: 'Jupiter, since they say you're the one hunc laetum Tyriisque diem Troiaque profectis who creates the laws of hospitality, let this be a esse uelis, nostrosque huius meminisse minores. happy day for the Tyrians and those from Troy, and Adsit laetitiae Bacchus dator, et bona Iuno; let it be remembered by our children. Let Bacchus, et uos, O, coetum, Tyrii, celebrate fauentes.' 735 the joy-bringer, and kind Juno be present, and you, Dixit, et in mensam laticum libauit honorem, O Phoenicians, make this gathering festive.' She primaque, libato, summo tenus attigit ore, spoke and poured an offering of wine onto the tum Bitiae dedit increpitans; ille impiger hausit table, and after the libation was the first to touch spumantem pateram, et pleno se proluit auro the bowl to her lips, then she gave it to Bitias, post alii proceres. Cithara crinitus Iopas 740 challenging him: he briskly drained the brimming personat aurata, docuit quem maximus Atlas. cup, drenching himself in its golden fullness, then Hic canit errantem lunam solisque labores; other princes drank. Iolas, the long-haired, made unde hominum genus et pecudes; unde imber et his golden lyre resound, he whom great Atlas ignes; taught. He sang of the wandering moon and the Arcturum pluuiasque Hyadas geminosque Triones; sun's labours, where men and beasts came from, quid tantum Oceano properent se tinguere soles 745 and rain and fire, of Arcturus, the rainy Hyades, the hiberni, uel quae tardis mora noctibus obstet. two Bears: why the winter suns rush to dip Ingeminant plausu Tyrii, Troesque sequuntur. themselves in the sea, and what delay makes the Nec non et uario noctem sermone trahebat slow nights linger. The Tyrians redoubled their infelix Dido, longumque bibebat amorem, applause, the Trojans too. And unfortunate Dido, multa super Priamo rogitans, super Hectore multa; she too spent the night in conversation, and drank 750 deep of her passion, asking endlessly about Priam nunc quibus Aurorae uenisset filius armis, and Hector: now about the armour that Memnon, nunc quales Diomedis equi, nunc quantus Achilles. son of the Dawn, came with to Troy, what kind 'Immo age, et a prima dic, hospes, origine nobis were Diomed's horses, how great was Achilles. 'But insidias,' inquit, 'Danaum, casusque tuorum, come, my guest, tell us from the start all the Greek erroresque tuos; nam te iam septima portat 755 trickery, your men's mishaps, and your wanderings: omnibus errantem terris et fluctibus aestas.' since it's the seventh summer now that brings you here, in your journey, over every land and sea.' BOOK II
Lines 1-56 The Trojan Horse: Laocoön's Warning Conticuere omnes intentique ora tenebant They were all silent, and turned their faces towards inde toro pater Aeneas sic orsus ab alto: him intently. Then from his high couch our Infandum, regina, iubes renouare dolorem, forefather Aeneas began: 'O queen, you command Troianas ut opes et lamentabile regnum me to renew unspeakable grief, how the Greeks eruerint Danai, quaeque ipse miserrima uidi 5 destroyed the riches of Troy, and the sorrowful et quorum pars magna fui. quis talia fando kingdom, miseries I saw myself, and in which I Myrmidonum Dolopumue aut duri miles Ulixi played a great part. What Myrmidon, or Dolopian, temperet a lacrimis? et iam nox umida caelo or warrior of fierce Ulysses, could keep from tears praecipitat suadentque cadentia sidera somnos. in telling such a story? Now the dew-filled night is sed si tantus amor casus cognoscere nostros 10 dropping from the sky, and the setting stars urge et breuiter Troiae supremum audire laborem, sleep. But if you have such desire to learn of our quamquam animus meminisse horret luctuque misfortunes, and briefly hear of Troy's last agonies, refugit, though my mind shudders at the memory, and incipiam. fracti bello fatisque repulsi recoils in sorrow, I'll begin. 'After many years have ductores Danaum tot iam labentibus annis slipped by, the leaders of the Greeks, opposed by instar montis equum diuina Palladis arte 15 the Fates, and damaged by the war, build a horse of aedificant, sectaque intexunt abiete costas; mountainous size, through Pallas's divine art, and uotum pro reditu simulant; ea fama uagatur. weave planks of fir over its ribs: they pretend it's a huc delecta uirum sortiti corpora furtim votive offering: this rumour spreads. They secretly includunt caeco lateri penitusque cauernas hide a picked body of men, chosen by lot, there, in ingentis uterumque armato milite complent. 20 the dark body, filling the belly and the huge est in conspectu Tenedos, notissima fama cavernous insides with armed warriors. Tenedos is insula, diues opum Priami dum regna manebant, within sight, an island known to fame, rich in nunc tantum sinus et statio male fida carinis: wealth when Priam's kingdom remained, now just a huc se prouecti deserto in litore condunt; bay and an unsafe anchorage for boats: they sail nos abiisse rati et uento petiisse Mycenas. 25 there, and hide themselves, on the lonely shore. We ergo omnis longo soluit se Teucria luctu; thought they had gone, and were seeking Mycenae panduntur portae, iuuat ire et Dorica castra with the wind. So all the Trojan land was free of its desertosque uidere locos litusque relictum: long sorrow. The gates were opened: it was a joy to hic Dolopum manus, hic saeuus tendebat Achilles; go and see the Greek camp, the deserted site and classibus hic locus, hic acie certare solebant. 30 the abandoned shore. Here the Dolopians stayed, pars stupet innuptae donum exitiale Mineruae here cruel Achilles, here lay the fleet, here they et molem mirantur equi; primusque Thymoetes used to meet us in battle. Some were amazed at duci intra muros hortatur et arce locari, virgin Minerva's fatal gift, and marvel at the horse's siue dolo seu iam Troiae sic fata ferebant. size: and at first Thymoetes, whether through at Capys, et quorum melior sententia menti, 35 treachery, or because Troy's fate was certain, urged aut pelago Danaum insidias suspectaque dona that it be dragged inside the walls and placed on the praecipitare iubent subiectisque urere flammis, citadel. But Capys, and those of wiser judgement, aut terebrare cauas uteri et temptare latebras. commanded us to either hurl this deceit of the scinditur incertum studia in contraria uulgus. Greeks, this suspect gift, into the sea, or set fire to Primus ibi ante omnis magna comitante caterua 40 it from beneath, or pierce its hollow belly, and Laocoon ardens summa decurrit ab arce, probe for hiding places. The crowd, uncertain, was et procul 'o miseri, quae tanta insania, ciues? split by opposing opinions. Then Laocoön rushes creditis auectos hostis? aut ulla putatis down eagerly from the heights of the citadel, to dona carere dolis Danaum? sic notus Ulixes? confront them all, a large crowd with him, and aut hoc inclusi ligno occultantur Achiui, 45 shouts from far off: 'O unhappy citizens, what aut haec in nostros fabricata est machina muros, madness? Do you think the enemy's sailed away? inspectura domos uenturaque desuper urbi, Or do you think any Greek gift's free of treachery? aut aliquis latet error; equo ne credite, Teucri. Is that Ulysses's reputation? Either there are Greeks quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentis.' in hiding, concealed by the wood, or it's been built sic fatus ualidis ingentem uiribus hastam 50 as a machine to use against our walls, or spy on our in latus inque feri curuam compagibus aluum homes, or fall on the city from above, or it hides contorsit. stetit illa tremens, uteroque recusso some other trick: Trojans, don't trust this horse. insonuere cauae gemitumque dedere cauernae. Whatever it is, I'm afraid of Greeks even those et, si fata deum, si mens non laeua fuisset, bearing gifts.' So saying he hurled his great spear, impulerat ferro Argolicas foedare latebras, 55 with extreme force, at the creature's side, and into Troiaque nunc staret, Priamique arx alta maneres. the frame of the curved belly. The spear stuck quivering, and at the womb's reverberation the cavity rang hollow and gave out a groan. And if the gods' fate, if our minds, had not been ill-omened, he'd have incited us to mar the Greeks hiding-place with steel: Troy would still stand: and you, high tower of Priam would remain. Lines 57-144 Sinon's Tale Ecce, manus iuuenem interea post terga reuinctum See, meanwhile, some Trojan shepherds, shouting pastores magno ad regem clamore trahebant loudly, dragging a youth, his hands tied behind his Dardanidae, qui se ignotum uenientibus ultro, back, to the king. In order to contrive this, and lay hoc ipsum ut strueret Troiamque aperiret Achiuis, Troy open to the Greeks, he had placed himself in 60 their path, calm in mind, and ready for either obtulerat, fidens animi atque in utrumque paratus, course: to engage in deception, or find certain seu uersare dolos seu certae occumbere morti. death. The Trojan youth run, crowding round, from undique uisendi studio Troiana iuuentus all sides, to see him, and compete in mocking the circumfusa ruit certantque inludere capto. captive. Listen now to Greek treachery, and learn accipe nunc Danaum insidias et crimine ab uno 65 of all their crimes from just this one. Since, as he disce omnis. stood, looking troubled, unarmed, amongst the namque ut conspectu in medio turbatus, inermis gazing crowd, and cast his eyes around the constitit atque oculis Phrygia agmina circumspexit, Phrygian ranks, he said: 'Ah! What land, what seas 'heu, quae nunc tellus,' inquit, 'quae me aequora would accept me now? What's left for me at the last possunt in my misery, I who have no place among the accipere? aut quid iam misero mihi denique restat, Greeks, when the hostile Trojans, themselves, 70 demand my punishment and my blood? At this the cui neque apud Danaos usquam locus, et super ipsi mood changed and all violence was checked. We Dardanidae infensi poenas cum sanguine poscunt?' urged him to say what blood he was sprung from, quo gemitu conuersi animi compressus et omnis and why he suffered: and tell us what trust could be impetus. hortamur fari quo sanguine cretus, placed in him as a captive. Setting fear aside at last quidue ferat; memoret quae sit fiducia capto. 75 he speaks: "O king, I'll tell you the whole truth, 'Cuncta equidem tibi, rex, fuerit quodcumque, whatever happens, and indeed I'll not deny that I'm fatebor 77 of Argive birth: this first of all: if Fortune has made uera,' inquit; 'neque me Argolica de gente negabo. me wretched, she'll not also wrongly make me false hoc primum; nec, si miserum Fortuna Sinonem and a liar. If by any chance some mention of finxit, uanum etiam mendacemque improba finget. Palamedes's name has reached your ears, son of 80 Belus, and talk of his glorious fame, he whom the fando aliquod si forte tuas peruenit ad auris Pelasgians, on false charges of treason, by atrocious Belidae nomen Palamedis et incluta fama perjury, because he opposed the war, sent innocent gloria, quem falsa sub proditione Pelasgi to his death, and who they mourn, now he's taken insontem infando indicio, quia bella uetabat, from the light: well my father, being poor, sent me demisere neci, nunc cassum lumine lugent: 85 here to the war when I was young, as his friend, as illi me comitem et consanguinitate propinquum we were blood relatives. While Palamades was safe pauper in arma pater primis huc misit ab annis. in power, and prospered in the kings' council, I also dum stabat regno incolumis regumque uigebat had some name and respect. But when he passed conciliis, et nos aliquod nomenque decusque from this world above, through the jealousy of gessimus. inuidia postquam pellacis Ulixi 90 plausible Ulysses (the tale's not unknown) I was (haud ignota loquor) superis concessit ab oris, ruined, and spent my life in obscurity and grief, adflictus uitam in tenebris luctuque trahebam inwardly angry at the fate of my innocent friend. et casum insontis mecum indignabar amici. Maddened I could not be silent, and I promised, if nec tacui demens et me, fors si qua tulisset, chance allowed, and if I ever returned as a victor to si patrios umquam remeassem uictor ad Argos, 95 my native Argos, to avenge him, and with my promisi ultorem et uerbis odia aspera moui. words stirred bitter hatred. The first hint of trouble hinc mihi prima mali labes, hinc semper Ulixes came to me from this, because of it Ulysses was criminibus terrere nouis, hinc spargere uoces always frightening me with new accusations, in uulgum ambiguas et quaerere conscius arma. spreading veiled rumours among the people, and nec requieuit enim, donec Calchante ministro— guiltily seeking to defend himself. He would not 100 rest till, with Calchas as his instrument – but why I sed quid ego haec autem nequiquam ingrata do unfold this unwelcome story? Why hinder you? reuoluo, If you consider all Greeks the same, and that's quidue moror? si omnis uno ordine habetis sufficient, take your vengeance now: that's what the Achiuos, Ithacan wants, and the sons of Atreus would pay idque audire sat est, iamdudum sumite poenas: dearly for." Then indeed we were on fire to ask, hoc Ithacus uelit et magno mercentur Atridae.' and seek the cause, ignorant of such wickedness Tum uero ardemus scitari et quaerere causas, 105 and Pelasgian trickery. Trembling with fictitious ignari scelerum tantorum artisque Pelasgae. feelings he continued, saying: "The Greeks, weary prosequitur pauitans et ficto pectore fatur: with the long war, often longed to leave Troy and 'Saepe fugam Danai Troia cupiere relicta execute a retreat: if only they had! Often a fierce moliri et longo fessi discedere bello; storm from the sea land-locked them, and the gale fecissentque utinam! saepe illos aspera ponti 110 terrified them from leaving: once that horse, made interclusit hiems et terruit Auster euntis. of maple-beams, stood there, especially then, praecipue cum iam hic trabibus contextus acernis storm-clouds thundered in the sky. Anxious, we staret equus, toto sonuerunt aethere nimbi. send Eurypylus to consult Phoebus's oracle, and he suspensi Eurypylum scitatum oracula Phoebi brings back these dark words from the sanctuary: mittimus, isque adytis haec tristia dicta reportat: 'With blood, and a virgin sacrifice, you calmed the 115 winds, O Greeks, when you first came to these "sanguine placastis uentos et uirgine caesa, Trojan shores, seek your return in blood, and the cum primum Iliacas, Danai, uenistis ad oras; well-omened sacrifice of an Argive life.' When this sanguine quaerendi reditus animaque litandum reached the ears of the crowd, their minds were Argolica." uulgi quae uox ut uenit ad auris, stunned, and an icy shudder ran to their deepest obstipuere animi gelidusque per ima cucurrit 120 marrow: who readies this fate, whom does Apollo ossa tremor, cui fata parent, quem poscat Apollo. choose? At this the Ithacan thrust the seer, Calchas, hic Ithacus uatem magno Calchanta tumultu into their midst, demanding to know what the god's protrahit in medios; quae sint ea numina diuum will might be, among the uproar. Many were flagitat. et mihi iam multi crudele canebant already cruelly prophesying that ingenious man's artificis scelus, et taciti uentura uidebant. 125 wickedness towards me, and silently saw what was bis quinos silet ille dies tectusque recusat coming. For ten days the seer kept silence, refusing prodere uoce sua quemquam aut opponere morti. to reveal the secret by his words, or condemn uix tandem, magnis Ithaci clamoribus actus, anyone to death. But at last, urged on by Ulysses's composito rumpit uocem et me destinat arae. loud clamour, he broke into speech as agreed, and adsensere omnes et, quae sibi quisque timebat, 130 doomed me to the altar. All acclaimed it, and what unius in miseri exitium conuersa tulere. each feared himself, they endured when directed, iamque dies infanda aderat; mihi sacra parari alas, towards one man's destruction. Now the et salsae fruges et circum tempora uittae. terrible day arrived, the rites were being prepared eripui, fateor, leto me et uincula rupi, for me, the salted grain, and the headbands for my limosoque lacu per noctem obscurus in ulua 135 forehead. I confess I saved myself from death, burst delitui dum uela darent, si forte dedissent. my bonds, and all that night hid by a muddy lake nec mihi iam patriam antiquam spes ulla uidendi among the reeds, till they set sail, if as it happened nec dulcis natos exoptatumque parentem, they did. And now I've no hope of seeing my old quos illi fors et poenas ob nostra reposcent country again, or my sweet children or the father I effugia, et culpam hanc miserorum morte piabunt. long for: perhaps they'll seek to punish them for my 140 flight, and avenge my crime through the death of quod te per superos et conscia numina ueri, these unfortunates. But I beg you, by the gods, by per si qua est quae restet adhuc mortalibus usquam divine power that knows the truth, by whatever intemerata fides, oro, miserere laborum honour anywhere remains pure among men, have tantorum, miserere animi non digna ferentis.' pity on such troubles, pity the soul that endures undeserved suffering." Lines 145-194 145 Sinon Deludes the Trojans His lacrimis uitam damus et miserescimus ultro. With these tears we grant him his life, and also pity 145 him. Priam himself is the first to order his manacles ipse uiro primus manicas atque arta leuari and tight bonds removed, and speaks these words uincla iubet Priamus dictisque ita fatur amicis: of kindness to him: "From now on, whoever you 'quisquis es, amissos hinc iam obliuiscere Graios are, forget the Greeks, lost to you: you'll be one of (noster eris) mihique haec edissere uera roganti: us. And explain to me truly what I ask: Why have quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere? quis they built this huge hulk of a horse? Who created auctor? 150 it? What do they aim at? What religious object or quidue petunt? quae religio? aut quae machina war machine is it?" He spoke: the other, schooled belli?' in Pelasgian art and trickery, raised his unbound dixerat. ille dolis instructus et arte Pelasga palms towards the stars, saying: "You, eternal fires, sustulit exutas uinclis ad sidera palmas: in your invulnerable power, be witness, you altars 'uos, aeterni ignes, et non uiolabile uestrum and impious swords I escaped, you sacrificial testor numen,' ait, 'uos arae ensesque nefandi, 155 ribbons of the gods that I wore as victim: with right quos fugi, uittaeque deum, quas hostia gessi: I break the Greek's solemn oaths, with right I hate fas mihi Graiorum sacrata resoluere iura, them, and if things are hidden bring them to light: fas odisse uiros atque omnia ferre sub auras, I'm bound by no laws of their country. Only, Troy, si qua tegunt, teneor patriae nec legibus ullis. maintain your assurances, if I speak truth, if I repay tu modo promissis maneas seruataque serues 160 you handsomely: kept intact yourself, keep your Troia fidem, si uera feram, si magna rependam. promises intact. All the hopes of the Greeks and omnis spes Danaum et coepti fiducia belli their confidence to begin the war always depended Palladis auxiliis semper stetit. impius ex quo on Pallas's aid. But from that moment when the Tydides sed enim scelerumque inuentor Ulixes, impious son of Tydeus, Diomede, and Ulysses fatale adgressi sacrato auellere templo 165 inventor of wickedness, approached the fateful Palladium caesis summae custodibus arcis, Palladium to snatch it from its sacred temple, corripuere sacram effigiem manibusque cruentis killing the guards on the citadel's heights, and dared uirgineas ausi diuae contingere uittas, to seize the holy statue, and touch the sacred ex illo fluere ac retro sublapsa referri ribbons of the goddess with blood-soaked hands: spes Danaum, fractae uires, auersa deae mens. 170 from that moment the hopes of the Greeks receded, nec dubiis ea signa dedit Tritonia monstris. and slipping backwards ebbed: their power uix positum castris simulacrum: arsere coruscae fragmented, and the mind of the goddess opposed luminibus flammae arrectis, salsusque per artus them. Pallas gave sign of this, and not with dubious sudor iit, terque ipsa solo (mirabile dictu) portents, for scarcely was the statue set up in camp, emicuit parmamque ferens hastamque trementem. when glittering flames shone from the upturned 175 eyes, a salt sweat ran over its limbs, and (wonderful extemplo temptanda fuga canit aequora Calchas, to tell) she herself darted from the ground with nec posse Argolicis exscindi Pergama telis shield on her arm, and spear quivering. Calchas omina ni repetant Argis numenque reducant immediately proclaimed that the flight by sea must quod pelago et curuis secum auexere carinis. be attempted, and that Troy cannot be uprooted by et nunc quod patrias uento petiere Mycenas, 180 Argive weapons, unless they renew the omens at arma deosque parant comites pelagoque remenso Argos, and take the goddess home, whom they improuisi aderunt; ita digerit omina Calchas. have indeed taken by sea in their curved ships. And hanc pro Palladio moniti, pro numine laeso now they are heading for their native Mycenae with effigiem statuere, nefas quae triste piaret. the wind, obtaining weapons and the friendship of hanc tamen immensam Calchas attollere molem the gods, re-crossing the sea to arrive unexpectedly, 185 So Calchas reads the omens. Warned by him, roboribus textis caeloque educere iussit, they've set up this statue of a horse for the wounded ne recipi portis aut duci in moenia posset, goddess, instead of the Palladium, to atone severely neu populum antiqua sub religione tueri. for their sin. And Calchas ordered them to raise the nam si uestra manus uiolasset dona Mineruae, huge mass of woven timbers, raised to the sky, so tum magnum exitium (quod di prius omen in ipsum the gates would not take it, nor could it be dragged 190 inside the walls, or watch over the people in their conuertant!) Priami imperio Phrygibusque futurum; ancient rites. Since if your hands violated Minerva's sin manibus uestris uestram ascendisset in urbem, gift, then utter ruin (may the gods first turn that ultro Asiam magno Pelopea ad moenia bello prediction on themselves!) would come to Priam uenturam, et nostros ea fata manere nepotes.' and the Trojans: yet if it ascended into your citadel, dragged by your hands, Asia would come to the very walls of Pelops, in mighty war, and a like fate would await our children." Lines 195-227 195 Laocoön and the Serpents Talibus insidiis periurique arte Sinonis 195 Through these tricks and the skill of perjured credita res, captique dolis lacrimisque coactis Sinon, the thing was credited, and we were trapped, quos neque Tydides nec Larisaeus Achilles, by his wiliness, and false tears, we, who were not non anni domuere decem, non mille carinae. conquered by Diomede, or Larissan Achilles, nor Hic aliud maius miseris multoque tremendum by the ten years of war, nor those thousand ships. obicitur magis atque improuida pectora turbat. 200 Then something greater and more terrible befalls us Laocoon, ductus Neptuno sorte sacerdos, wretches, and stirs our unsuspecting souls. sollemnis taurum ingentem mactabat ad aras. Laocoön, chosen by lot as priest of Neptune, was ecce autem gemini a Tenedo tranquilla per alta sacrificing a huge bull at the customary altar. See, a (horresco referens) immensis orbibus angues pair of serpents with huge coils, snaking over the incumbunt pelago pariterque ad litora tendunt; 205 sea from Tenedos through the tranquil deep (I pectora quorum inter fluctus arrecta iubaeque shudder to tell it), and heading for the shore side by sanguineae superant undas, pars cetera pontum side: their fronts lift high over the tide, and their pone legit sinuatque immensa uolumine terga. blood-red crests top the waves, the rest of their fit sonitus spumante salo; iamque arua tenebant body slides through the ocean behind, and their ardentisque oculos suffecti sanguine et igni 210 huge backs arch in voluminous folds. There's a roar sibila lambebant linguis uibrantibus ora. from the foaming sea: now they reach the shore, diffugimus uisu exsangues. illi agmine certo and with burning eyes suffused with blood and fire, Laocoonta petunt; et primum parua duorum lick at their hissing jaws with flickering tongues. corpora natorum serpens amplexus uterque Blanching at the sight we scatter. They move on a implicat et miseros morsu depascitur artus; 215 set course towards Laocoön: and first each serpent post ipsum auxilio subeuntem ac tela ferentem entwines the slender bodies of his two sons, and corripiunt spirisque ligant ingentibus; et iam biting at them, devours their wretched limbs: then bis medium amplexi, bis collo squamea circum as he comes to their aid, weapons in hand, they terga dati superant capite et ceruicibus altis. seize him too, and wreathe him in massive coils: ille simul manibus tendit diuellere nodos 220 now encircling his waist twice, twice winding their perfusus sanie uittas atroque ueneno, scaly folds around his throat, their high necks and clamores simul horrendos ad sidera tollit: heads tower above him. He strains to burst the qualis mugitus, fugit cum saucius aram knots with his hands, his sacred headband drenched taurus et incertam excussit ceruice securim. in blood and dark venom, while he sends terrible at gemini lapsu delubra ad summa dracones 225 shouts up to the heavens, like the bellowing of a effugiunt saeuaeque petunt Tritonidis arcem, bull that has fled wounded, from the altar, shaking sub pedibusque deae clipeique sub orbe teguntur. the useless axe from its neck. But the serpent pair escape, slithering away to the high temple, and seek the stronghold of fierce Pallas, to hide there under the goddess's feet, and the circle of her shield. Lines 228-253 The Horse Enters Troy tum uero tremefacta nouus per pectora cunctis Then in truth a strange terror steals through each insinuat pauor, et scelus expendisse merentem shuddering heart, and they say that Laocoön has Laocoonta ferunt, sacrum qui cuspide robur 230 justly suffered for his crime in wounding the sacred laeserit et tergo sceleratam intorserit hastam. oak-tree with his spear, by hurling its wicked shaft ducendum ad sedes simulacrum orandaque diuae into the trunk. "Pull the statue to her house", they numina conclamant. shout, "and offer prayers to the goddess's divinity." diuidimus muros et moenia pandimus urbis. We breached the wall, and opened up the defences accingunt omnes operi pedibusque rotarum 235 of the city. All prepare themselves for the work and subiciunt lapsus, et stuppea uincula collo they set up wheels allowing movement under its intendunt; scandit fatalis machina muros feet, and stretch hemp ropes round its neck. That feta armis. pueri circum innuptaeque puellae engine of fate mounts our walls pregnant with sacra canunt funemque manu contingere gaudent; armed men. Around it boys, and virgin girls, sing illa subit mediaeque minans inlabitur urbi. 240 sacred songs, and delight in touching their hands to o patria, o diuum domus Ilium et incluta bello the ropes: Up it glides and rolls threateningly into moenia Dardanidum! quater ipso in limine portae the midst of the city. O my country, O Ilium house substitit atque utero sonitum quater arma dedere; of the gods, and you, Trojan walls famous in war! instamus tamen immemores caecique furore Four times it sticks at the threshold of the gates, et monstrum infelix sacrata sistimus arce. 245 and four times the weapons clash in its belly: yet tunc etiam fatis aperit Cassandra futuris we press on regardless, blind with frenzy, and site ora dei iussu non umquam credita Teucris. the accursed creature on top of our sacred citadel. nos delubra deum miseri, quibus ultimus esset Even then Cassandra, who, by the god's decree, is ille dies, festa uelamus fronde per urbem. never to be believed by Trojans, reveals our future Vertitur interea caelum et ruit Oceano nox 250 fate with her lips. We unfortunate ones, for whom inuoluens umbra magna terramque polumque that day is our last, clothe the gods' temples, Myrmidonumque dolos; fusi per moenia Teucri throughout the city, with festive branches. conticuere; sopor fessos complectitur artus. Meanwhile the heavens turn, and night rushes from the Ocean, wrapping the earth, and sky, and the Myrmidons' tricks, in its vast shadow: through the city the Trojans fall silent: sleep enfolds their weary limbs. Lines 254-297 The Greeks Take the City et iam Argiua phalanx instructis nauibus ibat And now the Greek phalanx of battle-ready ships a Tenedo tacitae per amica silentia lunae 255 sailed from Tenedos, in the benign stillness of the litora nota petens, flammas cum regia puppis silent moon, seeking the known shore, when the extulerat, fatisque deum defensus iniquis royal galley raised a torch, and Sinon, protected by inclusos utero Danaos et pinea furtim the gods' unjust doom, sets free the Greeks laxat claustra Sinon. illos patefactus ad auras imprisoned by planks of pine, in the horses' belly. reddit equus laetique cauo se robore promunt 260 Opened, it releases them to the air, and sliding Thessandrus Sthenelusque duces et dirus Ulixes, down a lowered rope, Thessandrus, and Sthenelus, demissum lapsi per funem, Acamasque Thoasque the leaders, and fatal Ulysses, emerge joyfully from Pelidesque Neoptolemus primusque Machaon their wooden cave, with Acamas, Thoas, Peleus's et Menelaus et ipse doli fabricator Epeos. son Neoptolemus, the noble Machaon, Menelaus, inuadunt urbem somno uinoque sepultam; 265 and Epeus who himself devised this trick. They caeduntur uigiles, portisque patentibus omnis invade the city that's drowned in sleep and wine, accipiunt socios atque agmina conscia iungunt. kill the watchmen, welcome their comrades at the Tempus erat quo prima quies mortalibus aegris open gates, and link their clandestine ranks. It was incipit et dono diuum gratissima serpit. the hour when first sleep begins for weary mortals, in somnis, ecce, ante oculos maestissimus Hector and steals over them as the sweetest gift of the 270 gods. See, in dream, before my eyes, Hector uisus adesse mihi largosque effundere fletus, seemed to stand there, saddest of all and pouring raptatus bigis ut quondam, aterque cruento out great tears, torn by the chariot, as once he was, puluere perque pedes traiectus lora tumentis. black with bloody dust, and his swollen feet pierced ei mihi, qualis erat, quantum mutatus ab illo by the thongs. Ah, how he looked! How changed he Hectore qui redit exuuias indutus Achilli 275 was from that Hector who returned wearing uel Danaum Phrygios iaculatus puppibus ignis! Achilles's armour, or who set Trojan flames to the squalentem barbam et concretos sanguine crinis Greek ships! His beard was ragged, his hair matted uulneraque illa gerens, quae circum plurima muros with blood, bearing those many wounds he accepit patrios. ultro flens ipse uidebar received dragged around the walls of his city. And I compellare uirum et maestas expromere uoces: 280 seemed to weep myself, calling out to him, and 'o lux Dardaniae, spes o fidissima Teucrum, speaking to him in words of sorrow: "Oh light of quae tantae tenuere morae? quibus Hector ab oris the Troad, surest hope of the Trojans, what has so exspectate uenis? ut te post multa tuorum delayed you? What shore do you come from funera, post uarios hominumque urbisque labores Hector, the long-awaited? Weary from the many defessi aspicimus! quae causa indigna serenos 285 troubles of our people and our city I see you, oh, foedauit uultus? aut cur haec uulnera cerno?' after the death of so many of your kin! What ille nihil, nec me quaerentem uana moratur, shameful events have marred that clear face? And sed grauiter gemitus imo de pectore ducens, why do I see these wounds?' He does not reply, nor 'heu fuge, nate dea, teque his' ait 'eripe flammis. does he wait on my idle questions, but dragging hostis habet muros; ruit alto a culmine Troia. 290 heavy sighs from the depths of his heart, he says: sat patriae Priamoque datum: si Pergama dextra "Ah! Son of the goddess, fly, tear yourself from the defendi possent, etiam hac defensa fuissent. flames. The enemy has taken the walls: Troy falls sacra suosque tibi commendat Troia penatis; from her high place. Enough has been given to hos cape fatorum comites, his moenia quaere Priam and your country: if Pergama could be saved magna pererrato statues quae denique ponto.' 295 by any hand, it would have been saved by this. sic ait et manibus uittas Vestamque potentem Troy entrusts her sacred relics and household gods aeternumque adytis effert penetralibus ignem. to you: take them as friends of your fate, seek mighty walls for them, those you will found at last when you have wandered the seas." So he speaks, and brings the sacred headbands in his hands from the innermost shrine, potent Vesta, and the undying flame. Lines 298-354 Aeneas Gathers his Comrades Diuerso interea miscentur moenia luctu, Meanwhile the city is confused with grief, on every et magis atque magis, quamquam secreta parentis side, and though my father Anchises's house is Anchisae domus arboribusque obtecta recessit, 300 remote, secluded and hidden by trees, the sounds clarescunt sonitus armorumque ingruit horror. grow clearer and clearer, and the terror of war excutior somno et summi fastigia tecti sweeps upon it. I shake off sleep, and climb to the ascensu supero atque arrectis auribus asto: highest roof-top, and stand there with ears strained: in segetem ueluti cum flamma furentibus Austris as when fire attacks a wheat-field when the south- incidit, aut rapidus montano flumine torrens 305 wind rages, or the rushing torrent from a mountain sternit agros, sternit sata laeta boumque labores stream covers the fields, drowns the ripe crops, the praecipitisque trahit siluas; stupet inscius alto labour of oxen, and brings down the trees headlong, accipiens sonitum saxi de uertice pastor. and the dazed shepherd, unaware, hears the echo tum uero manifesta fides, Danaumque patescunt from a high rocky peak. Now the truth is obvious, insidiae. iam Deiphobi dedit ampla ruinam 310 and the Greek plot revealed. Now the vast hall of Volcano superante domus, iam proximus ardet Deiphobus is given to ruin the fire over it: now Vcalegon; Sigea igni freta lata relucent. Ucalegon's nearby blazes: the wide Sigean straits exoritur clamorque uirum clangorque tubarum. throw back the glare. Then the clamour of men and arma amens capio; nec sat rationis in armis, the blare of trumpets rises. Frantically I seize sed glomerare manum bello et concurrere in arcem weapons: not because there is much use for 315 weapons, but my spirit burns to gather men for cum sociis ardent animi; furor iraque mentem battle and race to the citadel with my friends: praecipitat, pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis. madness and anger hurl my mind headlong, and I Ecce autem telis Panthus elapsus Achiuum, think it beautiful to die fighting. Now, see, Panthus Panthus Othryades, arcis Phoebique sacerdos, escaping the Greek spears, Panthus, son of Othrys, sacra manu uictosque deos paruumque nepotem Apollo's priest on the citadel, dragging along with 320 his own hands the sacred relics, the conquered ipse trahit cursuque amens ad limina tendit. gods, his little grandchild, running frantically to my 'quo res summa loco, Panthu? quam prendimus door: "Where's the best advantage, Panthus, what arcem?' position should we take?" I'd barely spoken, when uix ea fatus eram gemitu cum talia reddit: he answered with a groan: "The last day comes, 'uenit summa dies et ineluctabile tempus Troy's inescapable hour. Troy is past, Ilium is past, Dardaniae. fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium et ingens 325 and the great glory of the Trojans: Jupiter carries all gloria Teucrorum; ferus omnia Iuppiter Argos to Argos: the Greeks are lords of the burning city. transtulit; incensa Danai dominantur in urbe. The horse, standing high on the ramparts, pours out arduus armatos mediis in moenibus astans warriors, and Sinon the conqueror exultantly stirs fundit equus uictorque Sinon incendia miscet the flames. Others are at the wide-open gates, as insultans. portis alii bipatentibus adsunt, 330 many thousands as ever came from great Mycenae: milia quot magnis umquam uenere Mycenis; more have blocked the narrow streets with hostile obsedere alii telis angusta uiarum weapons: a line of standing steel with naked oppositis; stat ferri acies mucrone corusco flickering blades is ready for the slaughter: barely stricta, parata neci; uix primi proelia temptant the first few guards at the gates attempt to fight, portarum uigiles et caeco Marte resistunt.' 335 and they resist in blind conflict." By these words talibus Othryadae dictis et numine diuum from Othrys' son, and divine will, I'm thrust in flammas et in arma feror, quo tristis Erinys, amongst the weapons and the flames, where the quo fremitus uocat et sublatus ad aethera clamor. dismal Fury sounds, and the roar, and the clamour addunt se socios Rhipeus et maximus armis rising to the sky. Friends joined me, visible in the Epytus, oblati per lunam, Hypanisque Dymasque moonlight, Ripheus, and Epytus, mighty in battle, 340 Hypanis and Dymas, gathered to my side, and et lateri adglomerant nostro, iuuenisque Coroebus young Coroebus, Mygdon's son: by chance he'd Mygdonides—illis ad Troiam forte diebus arrived in Troy at that time, burning with mad love uenerat insano Cassandrae incensus amore for Cassandra, and brought help, as a potential son- et gener auxilium Priamo Phrygibusque ferebat, in-law, to Priam, and the Trojans, unlucky man, infelix qui non sponsae praecepta furentis 345 who didn't listen to the prophecy of his frenzied audierit! bride! When I saw them crowded there eager for quos ubi confertos ardere in proelia uidi, battle, I began as follows: "Warriors, bravest of incipio super his: 'iuuenes, fortissima frustra frustrated spirits, if your ardent desire is fixed on pectora, si uobis audentem extrema cupido following me to the end, you can see our cause's certa sequi, quae sit rebus fortuna uidetis: 350 fate. All the gods by whom this empire was excessere omnes adytis arisque relictis supported have departed, leaving behind their di quibus imperium hoc steterat; succurritis urbi temples and their altars: you aid a burning city: let incensae. moriamur et in media arma ruamus. us die and rush into battle. The beaten have one una salus uictis nullam sperare salutem.' refuge, to have no hope of refuge." Lines 355-401 355 Aeneas and his Friends Resist sic animis iuuenum furor additus. inde, lupi ceu So their young spirits were roused to fury. Then, 355 like ravaging wolves in a dark mist, driven blindly raptores atra in nebula, quos improba uentris by the cruel rage of their bellies, leaving their exegit caecos rabies catulique relicti young waiting with thirsty jaws, we pass through faucibus exspectant siccis, per tela, per hostis our enemies, to certain death, and make our way to uadimus haud dubiam in mortem mediaeque the heart of the city: dark night envelops us in deep tenemus shadow. Who could tell of that destruction in urbis iter; nox atra caua circumuolat umbra. 360 words, or equal our pain with tears? The ancient quis cladem illius noctis, quis funera fando city falls, she who ruled for so many years: crowds explicet aut possit lacrimis aequare labores? of dead bodies lie here and there in the streets, urbs antiqua ruit multos dominata per annos; among the houses, and on the sacred thresholds of plurima perque uias sternuntur inertia passim the gods. Nor is it Trojans alone who pay the corpora perque domos et religiosa deorum 365 penalty with their blood: courage returns at times to limina. nec soli poenas dant sanguine Teucri; the hearts of the defeated and the Greek conquerors quondam etiam uictis redit in praecordia uirtus die. Cruel mourning is everywhere, everywhere uictoresque cadunt Danai. crudelis ubique there is panic, and many a form of death. First, luctus, ubique pauor et plurima mortis imago. Androgeos, meets us, with a great crowd of Greeks Primus se Danaum magna comitante caterua 370 around him, unknowingly thinking us allied troops, Androgeos offert nobis, socia agmina credens and calls to us in friendly speech as well: "Hurry, inscius, atque ultro uerbis compellat amicis: men! What sluggishness makes you delay so? The 'festinate, uiri! nam quae tam sera moratur others are raping and plundering burning Troy: are segnities? alii rapiunt incensa feruntque you only now arriving from the tall ships?" He Pergama: uos celsis nunc primum a nauibus itis?' spoke, and straight away (since no reply given was 375 credible enough) he knew he'd fallen into the dixit, et extemplo (neque enim responsa dabantur enemy fold. He was stunned, drew back, and stifled fida satis) sensit medios delapsus in hostis. his voice. Like a man who unexpectedly treads on a obstipuit retroque pedem cum uoce repressit. snake in rough briars, as he strides over the ground, improuisum aspris ueluti qui sentibus anguem and shrinks back in sudden fear as it rears in anger pressit humi nitens trepidusque repente refugit 380 and swells its dark-green neck, so Androgeos, attollentem iras et caerula colla tumentem, shuddering at the sight of us, drew back. We charge haud secus Androgeos uisu tremefactus abibat. forward and surround them closely with weapons, inruimus densis et circumfundimur armis, and ignorant of the place, seized by terror, as they ignarosque loci passim et formidine captos are, we slaughter them wholesale. Fortune favours sternimus; aspirat primo Fortuna labori. 385 our first efforts. And at this Coroebus, exultant with atque hic successu exsultans animisque Coroebus courage and success, cries: "Oh my friends, where 'o socii, qua prima' inquit 'Fortuna salutis fortune first points out the path to safety, and shows monstrat iter, quaque ostendit se dextra, sequamur: herself a friend, let us follow. Let's change our mutemus clipeos Danaumque insignia nobis shields adopt Greek emblems. Courage or deceit: aptemus. dolus an uirtus, quis in hoste requirat? who'll question it in war? They'll arm us 390 themselves." With these words, he takes up arma dabunt ipsi.' sic fatus deinde comantem Androgeos's plumed helmet, his shield with its Androgei galeam clipeique insigne decorum noble markings, and straps the Greek's sword to his induitur laterique Argiuum accommodat ensem. side. Ripheus does likewise, Dymas too, and all the hoc Rhipeus, hoc ipse Dymas omnisque iuuentus warriors delight in it. Each man arms himself with laeta facit: spoliis se quisque recentibus armat. 395 the fresh spoils. We pass on mingling with the uadimus immixti Danais haud numine nostro Greeks, with gods that are not our known, and multaque per caecam congressi proelia noctem clash, in many an armed encounter, in the blind conserimus, multos Danaum demittimus Orco. night, and we send many a Greek down to Orcus. diffugiunt alii ad nauis et litora cursu Some scatter to the ships, and run for safer shores, fida petunt; pars ingentem formidine turpi 400 some, in humiliated terror, climb the vast horse scandunt rursus equum et nota conduntur in aluo. again and hide in the womb they know. Lines 402-437 Cassandra is Taken Heu nihil inuitis fas quemquam fidere diuis! "Ah, put no faith in anything the will of the gods ecce trahebatur passis Priameia uirgo opposes! See, Priam's virgin daughter dragged, crinibus a templo Cassandra adytisque Mineruae with streaming hair, from the sanctuary and temple ad caelum tendens ardentia lumina frustra, 405 of Minerva, lifting her burning eyes to heaven in lumina, nam teneras arcebant uincula palmas. vain: her eyes, since cords restrained her gentle non tulit hanc speciem furiata mente Coroebus hands. Coroebus could not stand the sight, et sese medium iniecit periturus in agmen; maddened in mind, and hurled himself among the consequimur cuncti et densis incurrimus armis. ranks, seeking death. We follow him, and, weapons hic primum ex alto delubri culmine telis 410 locked, charge together. Here, at first, we were nostrorum obruimur oriturque miserrima caedes overwhelmed by Trojan spears, hurled from the armorum facie et Graiarum errore iubarum. high summit of the temple, and wretched slaughter tum Danai gemitu atque ereptae uirginis ira was caused by the look of our armour, and the undique collecti inuadunt, acerrimus Aiax confusion arising from our Greek crests. Then the et gemini Atridae Dolopumque exercitus omnis: Danaans, gathering from all sides, groaning with 415 anger at the girl being pulled away from them, rush aduersi rupto ceu quondam turbine uenti us, Ajax the fiercest, the two Atrides, all the Greek confligunt, Zephyrusque Notusque et laetus Eois host: just as, at the onset of a tempest, conflicting Eurus equis; stridunt siluae saeuitque tridenti winds clash, the west, the south, and the east that spumeus atque imo Nereus ciet aequora fundo. joys in the horses of dawn: the forest roars, brine- illi etiam, si quos obscura nocte per umbram 420 wet Nereus rages with his trident, and stirs the fudimus insidiis totaque agitauimus urbe, waters from their lowest depths. Even those we apparent; primi clipeos mentitaque tela have scattered by a ruse, in the dark of night, and agnoscunt atque ora sono discordia signant. driven right through the city, re-appear: for the first ilicet obruimur numero, primusque Coroebus time they recognise our shields and deceitful Penelei dextra diuae armipotentis ad aram 425 weapons, and realise our speech differs in sound to procumbit; cadit et Rhipeus, iustissimus unus theirs. In a moment we're overwhelmed by weight qui fuit in Teucris et seruantissimus aequi of numbers: first Coroebus falls, by the armed (dis aliter uisum); pereunt Hypanisque Dymasque goddess's altar, at the hands of Peneleus: and confixi a sociis; nec te tua plurima, Panthu, Ripheus, who was the most just of all the Trojans, labentem pietas nec Apollinis infula texit. 430 and keenest for what was right (the gods' vision Iliaci cineres et flamma extrema meorum, was otherwise): Hypanis and Dymas die at the testor, in occasu uestro nec tela nec ullas hands of allies: and your great piety, Panthus, and uitauisse uices, Danaum et, si fata fuissent Apollo's sacred headband can not defend you in ut caderem, meruisse manu. diuellimur inde, your downfall. Ashes of Ilium, death flames of my Iphitus et Pelias mecum (quorum Iphitus aeuo 435 people, be witness that, at your ruin, I did not evade iam grauior, Pelias et uulnere tardus Ulixi), the Danaan weapons, nor the risks, and, if it had protinus ad sedes Priami clamore uocati. been my fate to die, I earned it with my sword. Then we are separated, Iphitus and Pelias with me, Iphitus weighed down by the years, and Pelias, slow-footed, wounded by Ulysses: immediately we're summoned to Priam's palace by the clamour. Lines 438-485 The Battle for the Palace hic uero ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Here's a great battle indeed, as if the rest of the war bella forent, nulli tota morerentur in urbe, were nothing, as if others were not dying sic Martem indomitum Danaosque ad tecta ruentis throughout the whole city, so we see wild War and 440 the Greeks rushing to the palace, and the entrance cernimus obsessumque acta testudine limen. filled with a press of shields. Ladders cling to the haerent parietibus scalae postisque sub ipsos walls: men climb the stairs under the very nituntur gradibus clipeosque ad tela sinistris doorposts, with their left hands holding defensive protecti obiciunt, prensant fastigia dextris. shields against the spears, grasping the sloping Dardanidae contra turris ac tota domorum 445 stone with their right. In turn, the Trojans pull culmina conuellunt; his se, quando ultima cernunt, down the turrets and roof-tiles of the halls, prepared extrema iam in morte parant defendere telis, to defend themselves even in death, seeing the end auratasque trabes, ueterum decora alta parentum, near them, with these as weapons: and send the deuoluunt; alii strictis mucronibus imas gilded roof-beams down, the glory of their ancient obsedere fores, has seruant agmine denso. 450 fathers. Others with naked swords block the inner instaurati animi regis succurrere tectis doors: these they defend in massed ranks. Our auxilioque leuare uiros uimque addere uictis. spirits were reinspired, to bring help to the king's Limen erat caecaeque fores et peruius usus palace, to relieve our warriors with our aid, and add tectorum inter se Priami, postesque relicti power to the beaten. There was an entrance with a tergo, infelix qua se, dum regna manebant, 455 hidden doors, and a passage in use between Priam's saepius Andromache ferre incomitata solebat halls, and a secluded gateway beyond, which the ad soceros et auo puerum Astyanacta trahebat. unfortunate Andromache, while the kingdom stood, euado ad summi fastigia culminis, unde often used to traverse, going, unattended, to her tela manu miseri iactabant inrita Teucri. husband's parents, taking the little Astyanax to his turrim in praecipiti stantem summisque sub astra grandfather. I reached the topmost heights of the 460 pediment from which the wretched Trojans were eductam tectis, unde omnis Troia uideri hurling their missiles in vain. A turret standing on et Danaum solitae naues et Achaica castra, the sloping edge, and rising from the roof to the adgressi ferro circum, qua summa labantis sky, was one from which all Troy could be seen, iuncturas tabulata dabant, conuellimus altis the Danaan ships, and the Greek camp: and sedibus impulimusque; ea lapsa repente ruinam 465 attacking its edges with our swords, where the cum sonitu trahit et Danaum super agmina late upper levels offered weaker mortar, we wrenched it incidit. ast alii subeunt, nec saxa nec ullum from its high place, and sent it flying: falling telorum interea cessat genus. suddenly it dragged all to ruin with a roar, and Vestibulum ante ipsum primoque in limine Pyrrhus shattered far and wide over the Greek ranks. But exsultat telis et luce coruscus aena: 470 more arrived, and meanwhile neither the stones nor qualis ubi in lucem coluber mala gramina pastus, any of the various missiles ceased to fly. In front of frigida sub terra tumidum quem bruma tegebat, the courtyard itself, in the very doorway of the nunc, positis nouus exuuiis nitidusque iuuenta, palace, Pyrrhus exults, glittering with the sheen of lubrica conuoluit sublato pectore terga bronze: like a snake, fed on poisonous herbs, in the arduus ad solem, et linguis micat ore trisulcis. 475 light, that cold winter has held, swollen, under the una ingens Periphas et equorum agitator Achillis, ground, and now, gleaming with youth, its skin armiger Automedon, una omnis Scyria pubes sloughed, ripples its slimy back, lifts its front high succedunt tecto et flammas ad culmina iactant. towards the sun, and darts its triple-forked tongue ipse inter primos correpta dura bipenni from its jaws. Huge Periphas, and Automedon the limina perrumpit postisque a cardine uellit 480 armour-bearer, driver of Achilles's team, and all the aeratos; iamque excisa trabe firma cauauit Scyrian youths, advance on the palace together and robora et ingentem lato dedit ore fenestram. hurl firebrands onto the roof. Pyrrhus himself apparet domus intus et atria longa patescunt; among the front ranks, clutching a double-axe, apparent Priami et ueterum penetralia regum, breaks through the stubborn gate, and pulls the armatosque uident stantis in limine primo. 485 bronze doors from their hinges: and now, hewing out the timber, he breaches the solid oak and opens a huge window with a gaping mouth. The palace within appears, and the long halls are revealed: the inner sanctums of Priam, and the ancient kings, appear, and armed men are seen standing on the very threshold. Lines 486-558 Priam's Fate at domus interior gemitu miseroque tumultu But, inside the palace, groans mingle with sad miscetur, penitusque cauae plangoribus aedes confusion, and, deep within, the hollow halls howl femineis ululant; ferit aurea sidera clamor. with women's cries: the clamour strikes the golden tum pauidae tectis matres ingentibus errant stars. Trembling mothers wander the vast building, amplexaeque tenent postis atque oscula figunt. 490 clasping the doorposts, and placing kisses on them. instat ui patria Pyrrhus; nec claustra nec ipsi Pyrrhus drives forward, with his father Achilles's custodes sufferre ualent; labat ariete crebro strength, no barricades nor the guards themselves ianua, et emoti procumbunt cardine postes. can stop him: the door collapses under the ram's fit uia ui; rumpunt aditus primosque trucidant blows, and the posts collapse, wrenched from their immissi Danai et late loca milite complent. 495 sockets. Strength makes a road: the Greeks, pour non sic, aggeribus ruptis cum spumeus amnis through, force a passage, slaughter the front ranks, exiit oppositasque euicit gurgite moles, and fill the wide space with their men. A foaming fertur in arua furens cumulo camposque per omnis river is not so furious, when it floods, bursting its cum stabulis armenta trahit. uidi ipse furentem banks, overwhelms the barriers against it, and rages caede Neoptolemum geminosque in limine Atridas, in a mass through the fields, sweeping cattle and 500 stables across the whole plain. I saw Pyrrhus uidi Hecubam centumque nurus Priamumque per myself, on the threshold, mad with slaughter, and aras the two sons of Atreus: I saw Hecuba, her hundred sanguine foedantem quos ipse sacrauerat ignis. women, and Priam at the altars, polluting with quinquaginta illi thalami, spes tanta nepotum, blood the flames that he himself had sanctified. barbarico postes auro spoliisque superbi Those fifty chambers, the promise of so many procubuere; tenent Danai qua deficit ignis. 505 offspring, the doorposts, rich with spoils of Forsitan et Priami fuerint quae fata requiras. barbarian gold, crash down: the Greeks possess urbis uti captae casum conuulsaque uidit what the fire spares. And maybe you ask, what was limina tectorum et medium in penetralibus hostem, Priam's fate. When he saw the end of the captive arma diu senior desueta trementibus aeuo city, the palace doors wrenched away, and the circumdat nequiquam umeris et inutile ferrum 510 enemy among the inner rooms, the aged man cingitur, ac densos fertur moriturus in hostis. clasped his long-neglected armour on his old, aedibus in mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe trembling shoulders, and fastened on his useless ingens ara fuit iuxtaque ueterrima laurus sword, and hurried into the thick of the enemy incumbens arae atque umbra complexa penatis. seeking death. In the centre of the halls, and under hic Hecuba et natae nequiquam altaria circum, 515 the sky's naked arch, was a large altar, with an praecipites atra ceu tempestate columbae, ancient laurel nearby, that leant on the altar, and condensae et diuum amplexae simulacra sedebant. clothed the household gods with shade. Here ipsum autem sumptis Priamum iuuenalibus armis Hecuba, and her daughters, like doves driven by a ut uidit, 'quae mens tam dira, miserrime coniunx, dark storm, crouched uselessly by the shrines, impulit his cingi telis? aut quo ruis?' inquit. 520 huddled together, clutching at the statues of the 'non tali auxilio nec defensoribus istis gods. And when she saw Priam himself dressed in tempus eget; non, si ipse meus nunc adforet Hector. youthful armour she cried: "What mad thought, huc tandem concede; haec ara tuebitur omnis, poor husband, urges you to fasten on these aut moriere simul.' sic ore effata recepit weapons? Where do you run? The hour demands ad sese et sacra longaeuum in sede locauit. 525 no such help, nor defences such as these, not if my Ecce autem elapsus Pyrrhi de caede Polites, own Hector were here himself. Here, I beg you, this unus natorum Priami, per tela, per hostis altar will protect us all or we'll die together." So she porticibus longis fugit et uacua atria lustrat spoke and drew the old man towards her, and set saucius. illum ardens infesto uulnere Pyrrhus him down on the sacred steps. See, Polites, one of insequitur, iam iamque manu tenet et premit hasta. Priam's sons, escaping Pyrrhus's slaughter, runs 530 down the long hallways, through enemies and ut tandem ante oculos euasit et ora parentum, spears, and, wounded, crosses the empty courts. concidit ac multo uitam cum sanguine fudit. Pyrrhus chases after him, eager to strike him, and hic Priamus, quamquam in media iam morte grasps at him now, and now, with his hand, at tenetur, spear-point. When finally he reached the eyes and non tamen abstinuit nec uoci iraeque pepercit: gaze of his parents, he fell, and poured out his life 'at tibi pro scelere,' exclamat, 'pro talibus ausis 535 in a river of blood. Priam, though even now in di, si qua est caelo pietas quae talia curet, death's clutches, did not spare his voice at this, or persoluant grates dignas et praemia reddant hold back his anger: "If there is any justice in debita, qui nati coram me cernere letum heaven, that cares about such things, may the gods fecisti et patrios foedasti funere uultus. repay you with fit thanks, and due reward for your at non ille, satum quo te mentiris, Achilles 540 wickedness, for such acts, you who have made me talis in hoste fuit Priamo; sed iura fidemque see my own son's death in front of my face, and supplicis erubuit corpusque exsangue sepulcro defiled a father's sight with murder. Yet Achilles, reddidit Hectoreum meque in mea regna remisit.' whose son you falsely claim to be, was no such sic fatus senior telumque imbelle sine ictu enemy to Priam: he respected the suppliant's rights, coniecit, rauco quod protinus aere repulsum, 545 and honour, and returned Hector's bloodless corpse et summo clipei nequiquam umbone pependit. to its sepulchre, and sent me home to my cui Pyrrhus: 'referes ergo haec et nuntius ibis kingdom." So the old man spoke, and threw his Pelidae genitori. illi mea tristia facta ineffectual spear without strength, which degeneremque Neoptolemum narrare memento. immediately spun from the clanging bronze and nunc morere.' hoc dicens altaria ad ipsa trementem hung uselessly from the centre of the shield's boss. 550 Pyrrhus spoke to him: "Then you can be messenger, traxit et in multo lapsantem sanguine nati, carry the news to my father, to Peleus's son: implicuitque comam laeua, dextraque coruscum remember to tell him of degenerate Pyrrhus, and of extulit ac lateri capulo tenus abdidit ensem. my sad actions: now die." Saying this he dragged haec finis Priami fatorum, hic exitus illum him, trembling, and slithering in the pool of his sorte tulit Troiam incensam et prolapsa uidentem son's blood, to the very altar, and twined his left 555 hand in his hair, raised the glittering sword in his Pergama, tot quondam populis terrisque superbum right, and buried it to the hilt in his side. This was regnatorem Asiae. iacet ingens litore truncus, the end of Priam's life: this was the death that fell to auulsumque umeris caput et sine nomine corpus. him by lot, seeing Troy ablaze and its citadel toppled, he who was once the magnificent ruler of so many Asian lands and peoples. A once mighty body lies on the shore, the head shorn from its shoulders, a corpse without a name. Lines 559-587 Aeneas Sees Helen At me tum primum saeuus circumstetit horror. Then for the first time a wild terror gripped me. I obstipui; subiit cari genitoris imago, 560 stood amazed: my dear father's image rose before ut regem aequaeuum crudeli uulnere uidi me as I saw a king, of like age, with a cruel wound, uitam exhalantem, subiit deserta Creusa breathing his life away: and my Creusa, forlorn, et direpta domus et parui casus Iuli. and the ransacked house, and the fate of little Iulus. respicio et quae sit me circum copia lustro. I looked back, and considered the troops that were deseruere omnes defessi, et corpora saltu 565 round me. They had all left me, wearied, and hurled ad terram misere aut ignibus aegra dedere. their bodies to earth, or sick with misery dropped [Iamque adeo super unus eram, cum limina Vestae into the flames. So I was alone now, when I saw the seruantem et tacitam secreta in sede latentem daughter of Tyndareus, Helen, close to Vesta's Tyndarida aspicio; dant claram incendia lucem portal, hiding silently in the secret shrine: the bright erranti passimque oculos per cuncta ferenti. 570 flames gave me light, as I wandered, gazing illa sibi infestos euersa ob Pergama Teucros everywhere, randomly. Afraid of Trojans angered et Danaum poenam et deserti coniugis iras at the fall of Troy, Greek vengeance, and the fury praemetuens, Troiae et patriae communis Erinys, of a husband she deserted, she, the mutual curse of abdiderat sese atque aris inuisa sedebat. Troy and her own country, had concealed herself exarsere ignes animo; subit ira cadentem 575 and crouched, a hated thing, by the altars. Fire ulcisci patriam et sceleratas sumere poenas. blazed in my spirit: anger rose to avenge my fallen 'scilicet haec Spartam incolumis patriasque land, and to exact the punishment for her Mycenas wickedness. "Shall she, unharmed, see Sparta again aspiciet, partoque ibit regina triumpho? and her native Mycenae, and see her house and coniugiumque domumque patris natosque uidebit husband, parents and children, and go in the Iliadum turba et Phrygiis comitata ministris? 580 triumphant role of a queen, attended by a crowd of occiderit ferro Priamus? Troia arserit igni? Trojan women and Phrygian servants? When Priam Dardanium totiens sudarit sanguine litus? has been put to the sword? Troy consumed with non ita. namque etsi nullum memorabile nomen fire? The Dardanian shore soaked again and again feminea in poena est, habet haec uictoria laudem; with blood? No. Though there's no great glory in a exstinxisse nefas tamen et sumpsisse merentis 585 woman's punishment, and such a conquest wins no laudabor poenas, animumque explesse iuuabit praise, still I will be praised for extinguishing ultricis ~famam et cineres satiasse meorum.' wickedness and exacting well-earned punishment, and I'll delight in having filled my soul with the flame of revenge, and appeased my people's ashes." Lines 588-623 Aeneas is Visited by his Mother Venus talia iactabam et furiata mente ferebar,] I blurted out these words, and was rushing on with cum mihi se, non ante oculis tam clara, uidendam raging mind, when my dear mother came to my obtulit et pura per noctem in luce refulsit 590 vision, never before so bright to my eyes, shining alma parens, confessa deam qualisque uideri with pure light in the night, goddess for sure, such caelicolis et quanta solet, dextraque prehensum as she may be seen by the gods, and taking me by continuit roseoque haec insuper addidit ore: the right hand, stopped me, and, then, imparted 'nate, quis indomitas tantus dolor excitat iras? these words to me from her rose-tinted lips: "My quid furis? aut quonam nostri tibi cura recessit? 595 son, what pain stirs such uncontrollable anger? non prius aspicies ubi fessum aetate parentem Why this rage? Where has your care for what is liqueris Anchisen, superet coniunxne Creusa ours vanished? First will you not see whether Ascaniusque puer? quos omnis undique Graiae Creusa, your wife, and your child Ascanius still circum errant acies et, ni mea cura resistat, live, and where you have left your father Anchises iam flammae tulerint inimicus et hauserit ensis. 600 worn-out with age? The Greek ranks surround them non tibi Tyndaridis facies inuisa Lacaenae on all sides, and if my love did not protect them, culpatusue Paris, diuum inclementia, diuum the flames would have caught them before now, has euertit opes sternitque a culmine Troiam. and the enemy swords drunk of their blood. You do aspice (namque omnem, quae nunc obducta tuenti not hate the face of the Spartan daughter of mortalis hebetat uisus tibi et umida circum 605 Tyndareus, nor is Paris to blame: the ruthlessness caligat, nubem eripiam; tu ne qua parentis of the gods, of the gods, brought down this power, iussa time neu praeceptis parere recusa): and toppled Troy from its heights. See (for I'll tear hic, ubi disiectas moles auulsaque saxis away all the mist that now, shrouding your sight, saxa uides, mixtoque undantem puluere fumum, dims your mortal vision, and darkens everything Neptunus muros magnoque emota tridenti 610 with moisture: don't be afraid of what your mother fundamenta quatit totamque a sedibus urbem commands, or refuse to obey her wisdom): here, eruit. hic Iuno Scaeas saeuissima portas where you see shattered heaps of stone torn from prima tenet sociumque furens a nauibus agmen stone, and smoke billowing mixed with dust, ferro accincta uocat. Neptune is shaking the walls, and the foundations, iam summas arces Tritonia, respice, Pallas 615 stirred by his mighty trident, and tearing the whole insedit nimbo effulgens et Gorgone saeua. city up by it roots. There, Juno, the fiercest, is first ipse pater Danais animos uirisque secundas to take the Scaean Gate, and, sword at her side, sufficit, ipse deos in Dardana suscitat arma. calls on her troops from the ships, in rage. Now, eripe, nate, fugam finemque impone labori; see, Tritonian Pallas, standing on the highest nusquam abero et tutum patrio te limine sistam.' towers, sending lightning from the storm-cloud, 620 and her grim Gorgon breastplate. Father Jupiter dixerat et spissis noctis se condidit umbris. himself supplies the Greeks with courage, and apparent dirae facies inimicaque Troiae fortunate strength, himself excites the gods against numina magna deum. the Trojan army. Hurry your departure, son, and put an end to your efforts. I will not leave you, and I will place you safe at your father's door." She spoke, and hid herself in the dense shadows of night. Dreadful shapes appeared, and the vast powers of gods opposed to Troy. Lines 624-670 Aeneas Finds his Family Tum uero omne mihi uisum considere in ignis Then in truth all Ilium seemed to me to sink in Ilium et ex imo uerti Neptunia Troia: 625 flames, and Neptune's Troy was toppled from her ac ueluti summis antiquam in montibus ornum base: just as when foresters on the mountain cum ferro accisam crebrisque bipennibus instant heights compete to uproot an ancient ash tree, eruere agricolae certatim, illa usque minatur struck time and again by axe and blade, it threatens et tremefacta comam concusso uertice nutat, continually to fall, with trembling foliage and uulneribus donec paulatim euicta supremum 630 shivering crown, till gradually vanquished by the congemuit traxitque iugis auulsa ruinam. blows it groans at last, and torn from the ridge, descendo ac ducente deo flammam inter et hostis crashes down in ruin. I descend, and, led by a expedior: dant tela locum flammaeque recedunt. goddess, am freed from flames and enemies: the Atque ubi iam patriae peruentum ad limina sedis spears give way, and the flames recede. And now, antiquasque domos, genitor, quem tollere in altos when I reached the threshold of my father's house, 635 and my former home, my father, whom it was my optabam primum montis primumque petebam, first desire to carry into the high mountains, and abnegat excisa uitam producere Troia whom I first sought out, refused to extend his life exsiliumque pati. 'uos o, quibus integer aeui or endure exile, since Troy had fallen. "Oh, you," sanguis,' ait, 'solidaeque suo stant robore uires, he cried, "whose blood has the vigour of youth, and uos agitate fugam. 640 whose power is unimpaired in its force, it's for you me si caelicolae uoluissent ducere uitam, to take flight. As for me, if the gods had wished to has mihi seruassent sedes. satis una superque lengthen the thread of my life, they'd have spared uidimus excidia et captae superauimus urbi. my house. It is more than enough that I saw one sic o sic positum adfati discedite corpus. destruction, and survived one taking of the city. ipse manu mortem inueniam; miserebitur hostis Depart, saying farewell to my body lying here so, 645 yes so. I shall find death with my own hand: the exuuiasque petet. facilis iactura sepulcri. enemy will pity me, and look for plunder. The loss iam pridem inuisus diuis et inutilis annos of my burial is nothing. Clinging to old age for so demoror, ex quo me diuum pater atque hominum long, I am useless, and hated by the gods, ever rex since the father of the gods and ruler of men fulminis adflauit uentis et contigit igni.' breathed the winds of his lightning-bolt onto me, Talia perstabat memorans fixusque manebat. 650 and touched me with fire." So he persisted in nos contra effusi lacrimis coniunxque Creusa saying, and remained adamant. We, on our side, Ascaniusque omnisque domus, ne uertere secum Creusa, my wife, and Ascanius, all our household, cuncta pater fatoque urgenti incumbere uellet. weeping bitterly, determined that he should not abnegat inceptoque et sedibus haeret in isdem. destroy everything along with himself, and crush us rursus in arma feror mortemque miserrimus opto. by urging our doom. He refused and clung to his 655 place and his purpose. I hurried to my weapons nam quod consilium aut quae iam fortuna dabatur? again, and, miserably, longed for death, since what 'mene efferre pedem, genitor, te posse relicto tactic or opportunity was open to us now? " Did sperasti tantumque nefas patrio excidit ore? you think I could leave you, father, and depart? Did si nihil ex tanta superis placet urbe relinqui, such sinful words fall from your lips? If it pleases et sedet hoc animo perituraeque addere Troiae 660 the gods to leave nothing of our great city standing, teque tuosque iuuat, patet isti ianua leto, if this is set in your mind, if it delights you to add iamque aderit multo Priami de sanguine Pyrrhus, yourself and all that's yours to the ruins of Troy, the natum ante ora patris, patrem qui obtruncat ad aras. door is open to that death: soon Pyrrhus comes, hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis drenched in Priam's blood, he who butchers the son eripis, ut mediis hostem in penetralibus utque 665 in front of the father, the father at the altar. Kind Ascanium patremque meum iuxtaque Creusam mother, did you rescue me from fire and sword for alterum in alterius mactatos sanguine cernam? this, to see the enemy in the depths of my house, arma, uiri, ferte arma; uocat lux ultima uictos. and Ascanius, and my father, and Creusa, reddite me Danais; sinite instaurata reuisam slaughtered, thrown together in a heap, in one proelia. numquam omnes hodie moriemur inulti.' another's blood? Weapons men, bring weapons: the 670 last day calls to the defeated. Lead me to the Greeks again: let me revisit the battle anew. This day we shall not all perish unavenged." Lines 671-704 The Omen Hinc ferro accingor rursus clipeoque sinistram So, again, I fasten on my sword, slip my left arm insertabam aptans meque extra tecta ferebam. into the shield's strap, adjust it, and rush from the ecce autem complexa pedes in limine coniunx house. But see, my wife clings to the threshold, haerebat, paruumque patri tendebat Iulum: clasps my foot, and holds little Iulus up towards his 'si periturus abis, et nos rape in omnia tecum; 675 father: "If you go to die, take us with you too, at all sin aliquam expertus sumptis spem ponis in armis, costs: but if as you've proved you trust in the hanc primum tutare domum. cui paruus Iulus, weapons you wear, defend this house first. To cui pater et coniunx quondam tua dicta relinquor?' whom do you abandon little Iulus, and your father, Talia uociferans gemitu tectum omne replebat, and me, I who was once spoken of as your wife?" cum subitum dictuque oritur mirabile monstrum. Crying out like this she filled the whole house with 680 her groans, when suddenly a wonder, marvellous to namque manus inter maestorumque ora parentum speak of, occurred. See, between the hands and ecce leuis summo de uertice uisus Iuli faces of his grieving parents, a gentle light seemed fundere lumen apex, tactuque innoxia mollis to shine from the crown of Iulus's head, and a soft lambere flamma comas et circum tempora pasci. flame, harmless in its touch, licked at his hair, and nos pauidi trepidare metu crinemque flagrantem grazed his forehead. Trembling with fear, we hurry 685 to flick away the blazing strands, and extinguish the excutere et sanctos restinguere fontibus ignis. sacred fires with water. But Anchises, my father, at pater Anchises oculos ad sidera laetus lifts his eyes to the heavens, in delight, and raises extulit et caelo palmas cum uoce tetendit: his hands and voice to the sky: "All-powerful 'Iuppiter omnipotens, precibus si flecteris ullis, Jupiter, if you're moved by any prayers, see us, and, aspice nos, hoc tantum, et si pietate meremur, 690 grant but this: if we are worthy through our virtue, da deinde auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma.' show us a sign of it, Father, and confirm your Uix ea fatus erat senior, subitoque fragore omen." The old man had barely spoken when, with intonuit laeuum, et de caelo lapsa per umbras a sudden crash, it thundered on the left, and a star, stella facem ducens multa cum luce cucurrit. through the darkness, slid from the sky, and flew, illam summa super labentem culmina tecti 695 trailing fire, in a burst of light. We watched it glide cernimus Idaea claram se condere silua over the highest rooftops, and bury its brightness, signantemque uias; tum longo limite sulcus and the sign of its passage, in the forests of Mount dat lucem et late circum loca sulphure fumant. Ida: then the furrow of its long track gave out a hic uero uictus genitor se tollit ad auras glow, and, all around, the place smoked with adfaturque deos et sanctum sidus adorat. 700 sulphur. At this my father, truly overcome, raised 'iam iam nulla mora est; sequor et qua ducitis himself towards the sky, and spoke to the gods, and adsum, proclaimed the sacred star. "Now no delay: I di patrii; seruate domum, seruate nepotem. follow, and where you lead, there am I. Gods of my uestrum hoc augurium, uestroque in numine Troia fathers, save my line, save my grandson. This omen est. is yours, and Troy is in your divine power. I accept, cedo equidem nec, nate, tibi comes ire recuso.' my son, and I will not refuse to go with you." Lines 705-729 Aeneas and his Family Leave Troy dixerat ille, et iam per moenia clarior ignis 705 He speaks, and now the fire is more audible, auditur, propiusque aestus incendia uoluunt. through the city, and the blaze rolls its tide nearer. 'ergo age, care pater, ceruici imponere nostrae; "Come then, dear father, clasp my neck: I will carry ipse subibo umeris nec me labor iste grauabit; you on my shoulders: that task won't weigh on me. quo res cumque cadent, unum et commune Whatever may happen, it will be for us both, the periclum, same shared risk, and the same salvation. Let little una salus ambobus erit. mihi paruus Iulus 710 Iulus come with me, and let my wife follow our sit comes, et longe seruet uestigia coniunx. footsteps at a distance. You servants, give your uos, famuli, quae dicam animis aduertite uestris. attention to what I'm saying. At the entrance to the est urbe egressis tumulus templumque uetustum city there's a mound, an ancient temple of forsaken desertae Cereris, iuxtaque antiqua cupressus Ceres, and a venerable cypress nearby, protected religione patrum multos seruata per annos; 715 through the years by the reverence of our fathers: hanc ex diuerso sedem ueniemus in unam. let's head to that one place by diverse paths. You, tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque penatis; father, take the sacred objects, and our country's me bello e tanto digressum et caede recenti gods, in your hands: until I've washed in running attrectare nefas, donec me flumine uiuo water, it would be a sin for me, coming from such abluero.' 720 fighting and recent slaughter, to touch them." So haec fatus latos umeros subiectaque colla saying, bowing my neck, I spread a cloak made of a ueste super fuluique insternor pelle leonis, tawny lion's hide over my broad shoulders, and succedoque oneri; dextrae se paruus Iulus bend to the task: little Iulus clasps his hand in mine, implicuit sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis; and follows his father's longer strides. My wife pone subit coniunx. ferimur per opaca locorum, 725 walks behind. We walk on through the shadows of et me, quem dudum non ulla iniecta mouebant places, and I whom till then no shower of spears, tela neque aduerso glomerati examine Grai, nor crowd of Greeks in hostile array, could move, nunc omnes terrent aurae, sonus excitat omnis now I'm terrified by every breeze, and startled by suspensum et pariter comitique onerique timentem. every noise, anxious, and fearful equally for my companion and my burden. Lines 730-795 The Loss of Creusa iamque propinquabam portis omnemque uidebar And now I was near the gates, and thought I had 730 completed my journey, when suddenly the sound of euasisse uiam, subito cum creber ad auris approaching feet filled my hearing, and, peering uisus adesse pedum sonitus, genitorque per through the darkness, my father cried: "My son, run umbram my son, they are near us: I see their glittering prospiciens 'nate,' exclamat, 'fuge, nate; shields and gleaming bronze." Some hostile power, propinquant. at this, scattered my muddled wits. for while I was ardentis clipeos atque aera micantia cerno.' following alleyways, and straying from the region hic mihi nescio quod trepido male numen amicum of streets we knew, did my wife Creusa halt, 735 snatched away from me by wretched fate? Or did confusam eripuit mentem. namque auia cursu she wander from the path or collapse with dum sequor et nota excedo regione uiarum, weariness? Who knows? She was never restored to heu misero coniunx fatone erepta Creusa our sight, nor did I look back for my lost one, or substitit, errauitne uia seu lapsa resedit, cast a thought behind me, until we came to the incertum; nec post oculis est reddita nostris. 740 mound, and ancient Ceres's sacred place. Here nec prius amissam respexi animumue reflexi when all were gathered together at last, one was quam tumulum antiquae Cereris sedemque missing, and had escaped the notice of friends, sacratam child and husband. What man or god did I not uenimus: hic demum collectis omnibus una accuse in my madness: what did I know of in the defuit, et comites natumque uirumque fefellit. city's fall crueller than this? I place Ascanius, and quem non incusaui amens hominumque my father Anchises, and the gods of Troy, in my deorumque, 745 companions' care, and conceal them in a winding aut quid in euersa uidi crudelius urbe? valley: I myself seek the city once more, and take Ascanium Anchisenque patrem Teucrosque penatis up my shining armour. I'm determined to incur commendo sociis et curua ualle recondo; every risk again, and retrace all Troy, and once ipse urbem repeto et cingor fulgentibus armis. more expose my life to danger. First I look for the stat casus renouare omnis omnemque reuerti 750 wall, and the dark threshold of the gate from which per Troiam et rursus caput obiectare periclis. my path led, and I retrace the landmarks of my principio muros obscuraque limina portae, course in the night, scanning them with my eye. qua gressum extuleram, repeto et uestigia retro Everywhere the terror in my heart, and the silence obseruata sequor per noctem et lumine lustro: itself, dismay me. Then I take myself homewards, horror ubique animo, simul ipsa silentia terrent. 755 in case by chance, by some chance, she has made inde domum, si forte pedem, si forte tulisset, her way there. The Greeks have invaded, and me refero: inruerant Danai et tectum omne occupied, the whole house. Suddenly eager fire, tenebant. rolls over the rooftop, in the wind: the flames take ilicet ignis edax summa ad fastigia uento hold, the blaze rages to the heavens. I pass by and uoluitur; exsuperant flammae, furit aestus ad auras. see again Priam's palace and the citadel. Now procedo et Priami sedes arcemque reuiso: 760 Phoenix, and fatal Ulysses, the chosen guards, et iam porticibus uacuis Iunonis asylo watch over the spoils, in the empty courts of Juno's custodes lecti Phoenix et dirus Ulixes sanctuary. Here the Trojan treasures are gathered praedam adseruabant. huc undique Troia gaza from every part, ripped from the blazing shrines, incensis erepta adytis, mensaeque deorum tables of the gods, solid gold bowls, and plundered crateresque auro solidi, captiuaque uestis 765 robes. Mothers and trembling sons stand round in congeritur. pueri et pauidae longo ordine matres long ranks. I even dared to hurl my shouts through stant circum. the shadows, filling the streets with my clamour, ausus quin etiam uoces iactare per umbram and in my misery, redoubling my useless cries, impleui clamore uias, maestusque Creusam again and again. Searching, and raging endlessly nequiquam ingeminans iterumque iterumque among the city roofs, the unhappy ghost and true uocaui. 770 shadow of Creusa appeared before my eyes, in a quaerenti et tectis urbis sine fine ruenti form greater than I'd known. I was dumbfounded, infelix simulacrum atque ipsius umbra Creusae my hair stood on end, and my voice stuck in my uisa mihi ante oculos et nota maior imago. throat. Then she spoke and with these words obstipui, steteruntque comae et uox faucibus haesit. mitigated my distress: "Oh sweet husband, what tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis: 775 use is it to indulge in such mad grief? This has not 'quid tantum insano iuuat indulgere dolori, happened without the divine will: neither its laws o dulcis coniunx? non haec sine numine diuum nor the ruler of great Olympus let you take Creusa eueniunt; nec te comitem hinc portare Creusam with you, away from here. Yours is long exile, you fas, aut ille sinit superi regnator Olympi. must plough a vast reach of sea: and you will come longa tibi exsilia et uastum maris aequor arandum, to Hesperia's land, where Lydian Tiber flows in 780 gentle course among the farmers' rich fields. There, et terram Hesperiam uenies, ubi Lydius arua happiness, kingship and a royal wife will be yours. inter opima uirum leni fluit agmine Thybris. Banish these tears for your beloved Creusa. I, a illic res laetae regnumque et regia coniunx Trojan woman, and daughter-in-law to divine parta tibi; lacrimas dilectae pelle Creusae. Venus, shall never see the noble halls of the non ego Myrmidonum sedes Dolopumue superbas Dolopians, or Myrmidons, or go as slave to some 785 Greek wife: instead the great mother of the gods aspiciam aut Grais seruitum matribus ibo, keeps me on this shore. Now farewell, and preserve Dardanis et diuae Veneris nurus; your love for the son we share." When she had sed me magna deum genetrix his detinet oris. spoken these words, leaving me weeping and iamque uale et nati serua communis amorem.' wanting to say so many things, she faded into thin haec ubi dicta dedit, lacrimantem et multa uolentem air. Three times I tried to throw my arms about her 790 neck: three times her form fled my hands, clasped dicere deseruit, tenuisque recessit in auras. in vain, like the light breeze, most of all like a ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum; winged dream. So at last when night was done, I ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago, returned to my friends. par leuibus uentis uolucrique simillima somno. sic demum socios consumpta nocte reuiso. 795 Aeneas Leaves Troy Lines 796-804 And here, amazed, I found that a great number of Atque hic ingentem comitum adfluxisse nouorum new companions had streamed in, women and men, inuenio admirans numerum, matresque uirosque, a crowd gathering for exile, a wretched throng. collectam exsilio pubem, miserabile uulgus. They had come from all sides, ready, with courage undique conuenere animis opibusque parati and wealth, for whatever land I wished to lead them in quascumque uelim pelago deducere terras. 800 to, across the seas. And now Lucifer was rising iamque iugis summae surgebat Lucifer Idae above the heights of Ida, bringing the dawn, and the ducebatque diem, Danaique obsessa tenebant Greeks held the barricaded entrances to the gates, limina portarum, nec spes opis ulla dabatur. nor was there any hope of rescue. I desisted, and, cessi et sublato montis genitore petiui. carrying my father, took to the hills. BOOK III
Aeneas Sails to Thrace After the gods had seen fit to destroy Asia's power Lines 1-18 and Priam's innocent people, and proud Ilium had Postquam res Asiae Priamique euertere gentem fallen, and all of Neptune's Troy breathed smoke immeritam uisum superis, ceciditque superbum from the soil, we were driven by the gods' Ilium et omnis humo fumat Neptunia Troia, prophecies to search out distant exile, and deserted diuersa exsilia et desertas quaerere terras lands, and we built a fleet below Antandros and the auguriis agimur diuum, classemque sub ipsa 5 peaks of Phrygian Ida, unsure where fate would Antandro et Phrygiae molimur montibus Idae, carry us, or where we'd be allowed to settle, and we incerti quo fata ferant, ubi sistere detur, gathered our forces together. Summer had barely contrahimusque uiros. uix prima inceperat aestas begun, when Anchises, my father, ordered us to set et pater Anchises dare fatis uela iubebat, sail with destiny: I left my native shore with tears, litora cum patriae lacrimans portusque relinquo 10 the harbour and the fields where Troy once stood. I et campos ubi Troia fuit. feror exsul in altum travelled the deep, an exile, with my friends and my cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis. son, and the great gods of our house. Far off is a Terra procul uastis colitur Mauortia campis land of vast plains where Mars is worshipped (Thraces arant) acri quondam regnata Lycurgo, (worked by the Thracians) once ruled by fierce hospitium antiquum Troiae sociique penates 15 Lycurgus, a friend of Troy in the past, and with dum fortuna fuit. feror huc et litore curuo gods who were allies, while fortune lasted. I went moenia prima loco fatis ingressus iniquis there, and founded my first city named Aeneadae Aeneadasque meo nomen de nomine fingo. from my name, on the shore in the curving bay, beginning it despite fate's adversity. Lines 19-68 The Grave of Polydorus sacra Dionaeae matri diuisque ferebam I was making a sacrifice to the gods, and my auspicibus coeptorum operum, superoque nitentem mother Venus, Dione's daughter, with auspices for 20 the work begun, and had killed a fine bull on the caelicolum regi mactabam in litore taurum. shore, for the supreme king of the sky-lords. By forte fuit iuxta tumulus, quo cornea summo chance, there was a mound nearby, crowned with uirgulta et densis hastilibus horrida myrtus. cornel bushes, and bristling with dense spikes of accessi uiridemque ab humo conuellere siluam myrtle. I went near, and trying to tear up green conatus, ramis tegerem ut frondentibus aras, 25 wood from the soil to decorate the altar with leafy horrendum et dictu uideo mirabile monstrum. branches, I saw a wonder, dreadful and marvellous nam quae prima solo ruptis radicibus arbos to tell of. From the first bush, its broken roots torn uellitur, huic atro liquuntur sanguine guttae from the ground, drops of dark blood dripped, and et terram tabo maculant. mihi frigidus horror stained the earth with fluid. An icy shiver gripped membra quatit gelidusque coit formidine sanguis. my limbs, and my blood chilled with terror. Again I 30 went on to pluck a stubborn shoot from another, rursus et alterius lentum conuellere uimen probing the hidden cause within: and dark blood insequor et causas penitus temptare latentis; flowed from the bark of the second. Troubled ater et alterius sequitur de cortice sanguis. greatly in spirit, I prayed to the Nymphs of the multa mouens animo Nymphas uenerabar agrestis wild, and father Gradivus, who rules the Thracian Gradiuumque patrem, Geticis qui praesidet aruis, fields, to look with due kindness on this vision, and 35 lessen its significance. But when I attacked the rite secundarent uisus omenque leuarent. third with greater effort, straining with my knees tertia sed postquam maiore hastilia nisu against the sand (to speak or be silent?), a mournful adgredior genibusque aduersae obluctor harenae, groan was audible from deep in the mound, and a (eloquar an sileam?) gemitus lacrimabilis imo voice came to my ears: "Why do you wound a poor auditur tumulo et uox reddita fertur ad auris: 40 wretch, Aeneas? Spare me now in my tomb, don't 'quid miserum, Aenea, laceras? iam parce sepulto, stain your virtuous hands, Troy bore me, who am parce pias scelerare manus. non me tibi Troia no stranger to you, nor does this blood flow from externum tulit aut cruor hic de stipite manat. some dull block. Oh, leave this cruel land: leave heu fuge crudelis terras, fuge litus auarum: this shore of greed. For I am Polydorus. Here a nam Polydorus ego. hic confixum ferrea texit 45 crop of iron spears carpeted my transfixed corpse, telorum seges et iaculis increuit acutis.' and has ripened into sharp spines." Then truly I was tum uero ancipiti mentem formidine pressus stunned, my mind crushed by anxious dread, my obstipui steteruntque comae et uox faucibus haesit. hair stood up on end, and my voice stuck in my Hunc Polydorum auri quondam cum pondere throat. Priam, the unfortunate, seeing the city magno encircled by the siege, and despairing of Trojan infelix Priamus furtim mandarat alendum 50 arms, once sent this Polydorus, secretly, with a Threicio regi, cum iam diffideret armis great weight of gold, to be raised, by the Thracian Dardaniae cingique urbem obsidione uideret. king. When the power of Troy was broken, and her ille, ut opes fractae Teucrum et Fortuna recessit, fortunes ebbed, the Thracian broke every divine res Agamemnonias uictriciaque arma secutus law, to follow Agamemnon's cause, and his fas omne abrumpit: Polydorum obtruncat, et auro victorious army, murders Polydorus, and takes the 55 gold by force. Accursed hunger for gold, to what do ui potitur. quid non mortalia pectora cogis, you not drive human hearts! When terror had left auri sacra fames! postquam pauor ossa reliquit, my bones I referred this divine vision to the delectos populi ad proceres primumque parentem people's appointed leaders, my father above all, and monstra deum refero, et quae sit sententia posco. asked them what they thought. All were of one omnibus idem animus, scelerata excedere terra, 60 mind, to leave this wicked land, and depart a place linqui pollutum hospitium et dare classibus of hospitality defiled, and sail our fleet before the Austros. wind. So we renewed the funeral rites for ergo instauramus Polydoro funus, et ingens Polydorus, and piled the earth high on his barrow: aggeritur tumulo tellus; stant Manibus arae sad altars were raised to the Shades, with dark caeruleis maestae uittis atraque cupresso, sacred ribbons and black cypress, the Trojan et circum Iliades crinem de more solutae; 65 women around, hair streaming, as is the custom: we inferimus tepido spumantia cymbia lacte offered foaming bowls of warm milk, and dishes of sanguinis et sacri pateras, animamque sepulcro sacrificial blood, and bound the spirit to its tomb, condimus et magna supremum uoce ciemus. and raised a loud shout of farewell. Lines 69-120 The Trojans Reach Delos Inde ubi prima fides pelago, placataque uenti Then as soon as we've confidence in the waves, and dant maria et lenis crepitans uocat Auster in altum, the winds grant us calm seas, and the soft 70 whispering breeze calls to the deep, my deducunt socii nauis et litora complent; companions float the ships and crowd to the shore. prouehimur portu terraeque urbesque recedunt. We set out from harbour, and lands and cities sacra mari colitur medio gratissima tellus recede. In the depths of the sea lies a sacred island, Nereidum matri et Neptuno Aegaeo, dearest of all to the mother of the Nereids, and quam pius arquitenens oras et litora circum 75 Aegean Neptune, that wandered by coasts and errantem Mycono e celsa Gyaroque reuinxit, shores, until Apollo, affectionately, tied it to high immotamque coli dedit et contemnere uentos. Myconos, and Gyaros, making it fixed and huc feror, haec fessos tuto placidissima portu inhabitable, scorning the storms. I sail there: it accipit; egressi ueneramur Apollinis urbem. welcomes us peacefully, weary as we are, to its safe rex Anius, rex idem hominum Phoebique sacerdos, harbour. Landing, we do homage to Apollo's city. 80 King Anius, both king of the people and high-priest uittis et sacra redimitus tempora lauro of Apollo, his forehead crowned with the sacred occurrit; ueterem Anchisen agnouit amicum. headband and holy laurel, meets us, and recognises iungimus hospitio dextras et tecta subimus. an old friend in Anchises: we clasp hands in Templa dei saxo uenerabar structa uetusto: greeting and enter his house. I paid homage to the 'da propriam, Thymbraee, domum; da moenia fessis god's temple of ancient stone: "Grant us a true 85 home, Apollo, grant a weary people walls, and a et genus et mansuram urbem; serua altera Troiae race, and a city that will endure: protect this second Pergama, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli. citadel of Troy, that survives the Greeks and quem sequimur? quoue ire iubes? ubi ponere sedes? pitiless Achilles. Whom should we follow? Where da, pater, augurium atque animis inlabere nostris.' do you command us to go? Where should we uix ea fatus eram: tremere omnia uisa repente, 90 settle? Grant us an omen, father, to stir our hearts. I liminaque laurusque dei, totusque moueri had scarcely spoken: suddenly everything seemed mons circum et mugire adytis cortina reclusis. to tremble, the god's thresholds and his laurel summissi petimus terram et uox fertur ad auris: crowns, and the whole hill round us moved, and the 'Dardanidae duri, quae uos a stirpe parentum tripod groaned as the shrine split open. Humbly we prima tulit tellus, eadem uos ubere laeto 95 seek the earth, and a voice comes to our ears: accipiet reduces. antiquam exquirite matrem. "Enduring Trojans, the land which first bore you hic domus Aeneae cunctis dominabitur oris from its parent stock, that same shall welcome you, et nati natorum et qui nascentur ab illis.' restored, to its fertile breast. Search out your haec Phoebus; mixtoque ingens exorta tumultu ancient mother. There the house of Aeneas shall laetitia, et cuncti quae sint ea moenia quaerunt, 100 rule all shores, his children's children, and those quo Phoebus uocet errantis iubeatque reuerti. that are born to them." So Phoebus spoke: and there tum genitor ueterum uoluens monimenta uirorum was a great shout of joy mixed with confusion, and 'audite, o proceres,' ait 'et spes discite uestras. all asked what walls those were, and where it is Creta Iouis magni medio iacet insula ponto, Phoebus calls the wanderers to, commanding them mons Idaeus ubi et gentis cunabula nostrae. 105 to return. Then my father, thinking of the records of centum urbes habitant magnas, uberrima regna, the ancients, said: "Listen, O princes, and learn maximus unde pater, si rite audita recordor, what you may hope for. Crete lies in the midst of Teucrus Rhoeteas primum est aduectus in oras, the sea, the island of mighty Jove, where Mount Ida optauitque locum regno. nondum Ilium et arces is, the cradle of our race. They inhabit a hundred Pergameae steterant; habitabant uallibus imis. 110 great cities, in the richest of kingdoms, from which hinc mater cultrix Cybeli Corybantiaque aera our earliest ancestor, Teucer, if I remember the tale Idaeumque nemus, hinc fida silentia sacris, rightly, first sailed to Trojan shores, and chose a et iuncti currum dominae subiere leones. site for his royal capital. Until then Ilium and the ergo agite et diuum ducunt qua iussa sequamur: towers of the citadel did not stand there: men lived placemus uentos et Cnosia regna petamus. 115 in the depths of the valleys. The Mother who nec longo distant cursu: modo Iuppiter adsit, inhabits Cybele is Cretan, and the cymbals of the tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris.' Corybantes, and the grove of Ida: from Crete came sic fatus meritos aris mactauit honores, the faithful silence of her rites, and the yoked lions taurum Neptuno, taurum tibi, pulcher Apollo, drawing the lady's chariot. So come, and let us nigram Hiemi pecudem, Zephyris felicibus albam. follow where the god's command may lead, let us 120 placate the winds, and seek out the Cretan kingdom. It is no long journey away: if only Jupiter is with us, the third dawn will find our fleet on the Cretan shores." So saying, he sacrificed the due offerings at the altars, a bull to Neptune, a bull to you, glorious Apollo, a black sheep to the Storm god, a white to the auspicious Westerlies. Lines 121-171 The Plague and a Vision Fama uolat pulsum regnis cessisse paternis A rumour spread that Prince Idomeneus had been Idomenea ducem, desertaque litora Cretae, driven from his father's kingdom, and the Cretan hoste uacare domum sedesque astare relictas. shores were deserted, her houses emptied of linquimus Ortygiae portus pelagoque uolamus enemies, and the abandoned homes waiting for us. bacchatamque iugis Naxon uiridemque Donusam, We left Ortygia's harbour, and sped over the sea, 125 threading the foaming straits thick with islands, Olearon niueamque Paron sparsasque per aequor Naxos with its Bacchic worship in the hills, green Cycladas, et crebris legimus freta concita terris. Donysa, Olearos, snow-white Paros, and the nauticus exoritur uario certamine clamor: Cyclades, scattered over the waters. The sailors' hortantur socii Cretam proauosque petamus. cries rose, as they competed in their various tasks: prosequitur surgens a puppi uentus euntis, 130 the crew shouted: "We're headed for Crete, and our et tandem antiquis Curetum adlabimur oris. ancestors." A wind rising astern sent us on our way, ergo auidus muros optatae molior urbis and at last we glided by the ancient shores of the Pergameamque uoco, et laetam cognomine gentem Curetes. Then I worked eagerly on the walls of our hortor amare focos arcemque attollere tectis. chosen city, and called it Pergamum, and exhorted Iamque fere sicco subductae litore puppes, 135 my people, delighting in the name, to show love for conubiis aruisque nouis operata iuuentus, their homes, and build a covered fortress. Now the iura domosque dabam, subito cum tabida membris ships were usually beached on the dry sand: the corrupto caeli tractu miserandaque uenit young men were busy with weddings and their arboribusque satisque lues et letifer annus. fresh fields: I was deciding on laws and linquebant dulcis animas aut aegra trahebant 140 homesteads: suddenly, from some infected region corpora; tum sterilis exurere Sirius agros, of the sky, came a wretched plague, corrupting arebant herbae et uictum seges aegra negabat. bodies, trees, and crops, and a season of death. rursus ad oraclum Ortygiae Phoebumque remenso They relinquished sweet life, or dragged their sick hortatur pater ire mari ueniamque precari, limbs around: then Sirius blazed over barren fields: quam fessis finem rebus ferat, unde laborum 145 the grass withered, and the sickly harvest denied its temptare auxilium iubeat, quo uertere cursus. fruits. My father urged us to retrace the waves, and Nox erat et terris animalia somnus habebat: revisit the oracle of Apollo at Delos, and beg for effigies sacrae diuum Phrygiique penates, protection, ask where the end might be to our quos mecum a Troia mediisque ex ignibus urbis weary fate, where he commands that we seek help extuleram, uisi ante oculos astare iacentis 150 for our trouble, where to set our course. It was in somnis multo manifesti lumine, qua se night, and sleep had charge of earth's creatures: The plena per insertas fundebat luna fenestras; sacred statues of the gods, the Phrygian Penates, tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis: that I had carried with me from Troy, out of the 'quod tibi delato Ortygiam dicturus Apollo est, burning city, seemed to stand there before my eyes, hic canit et tua nos en ultro ad limina mittit. 155 as I lay in sleep, perfectly clear in the light, where nos te Dardania incensa tuaque arma secuti, the full moon streamed through the window nos tumidum sub te permensi classibus aequor, casements: then they spoke to me and with their idem uenturos tollemus in astra nepotes words dispelled my cares: "Apollo speaks here imperiumque urbi dabimus. tu moenia magnis what he would say to you, on reaching Delos, and magna para longumque fugae ne linque laborem. sends us besides, as you see, to your threshold. 160 When Try burned we followed you and your mutandae sedes. non haec tibi litora suasit weapons, we crossed the swelling seas with you on Delius aut Cretae iussit considere Apollo. your ships, we too shall raise your descendants yet est locus, Hesperiam Grai cognomine dicunt, to be, to the stars, and grant empire to your city. terra antiqua, potens armis atque ubere glaebae; Build great walls for the great, and do not shrink Oenotri coluere uiri; nunc fama minores 165 from the long labour of exile. Change your country. Italiam dixisse ducis de nomine gentem. These are not the shores that Delian Apollo urged hae nobis propriae sedes, hinc Dardanus ortus on you, he did not order you to settle in Crete. Iasiusque pater, genus a quo principe nostrum. There is a place the Greeks call Hesperia by name, surge age et haec laetus longaeuo dicta parenti an ancient land powerful in arms and in richness of haud dubitanda refer: Corythum terrasque requirat the soil: There the Oenotrians lived: now the 170 rumour is that a younger race has named it Italy Ausonias; Dictaea negat tibi Iuppiter arua.' after their leader. That is our true home, Dardanus and father Iasius, from whom our race first came, sprang from there. Come, bear these words of truth joyfully to your old father, that he might seek Corythus and Ausonia's lands: Jupiter denies the fields of Dicte to you." Lines 172-208 The Trojans Leave Crete for Italy talibus attonitus uisis et uoce deorum Amazed by such a vision, and the voices of the (nec sopor illud erat, sed coram agnoscere uultus gods, (it was not a dream, but I seemed to recognise uelatasque comas praesentiaque ora uidebar; their expression, before me, their wreathed hair, tum gelidus toto manabat corpore sudor) 175 their living faces: then a cold sweat bathed all my corripio e stratis corpus tendoque supinas limbs) my body leapt from the bed, and I lifted my ad caelum cum uoce manus et munera libo voice and upturned palms to heaven, and offered intemerata focis. perfecto laetus honore pure gifts on the hearth-fire. The rite completed, Anchisen facio certum remque ordine pando. with joy I told Anchises of this revelation, agnouit prolem ambiguam geminosque parentis, revealing it all in order. He understood about the 180 ambiguity in our origins, and the dual descent, and seque nouo ueterum deceptum errore locorum. that he had been deceived by a fresh error, about tum memorat: 'nate, Iliacis exercite fatis, our ancient country. Then he spoke: "My son, sola mihi talis casus Cassandra canebat. troubled by Troy's fate, Only Cassandra prophesied nunc repeto haec generi portendere debita nostro such an outcome. Now I remember her foretelling et saepe Hesperiam, saepe Itala regna uocare. 185 that this was destined for our race, and often spoke sed quis ad Hesperiae uenturos litora Teucros of Hesperia, and the Italian kingdom. Who'd crederet? aut quem tum uates Cassandra moueret? believe that Trojans would travel to Hesperia's cedamus Phoebo et moniti meliora sequamur.' shores? Who'd have been moved by Cassandra, the sic ait, et cuncti dicto paremus ouantes. prophetess, then? Let's trust to Apollo, and, warned hanc quoque deserimus sedem paucisque relictis by him, take the better course." So he spoke, and 190 we were delighted to obey his every word. We uela damus uastumque caua trabe currimus aequor. departed this home as well, and, leaving some Postquam altum tenuere rates nec iam amplius ullae people behind, set sail, and ran through the vast apparent terrae, caelum undique et undique pontus, ocean in our hollow ships. When the fleet had tum mihi caeruleus supra caput astitit imber reached the high seas and the land was no longer noctem hiememque ferens, et inhorruit unda seen, sky and ocean on all sides, then a dark-blue tenebris. 195 rain cloud settled overhead, bringing night and continuo uenti uoluunt mare magnaque surgunt storm, and the waves bristled with shadows. aequora, dispersi iactamur gurgite uasto; Immediately the winds rolled over the water and inuoluere diem nimbi et nox umida caelum great seas rose: we were scattered here and there in abstulit, ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes, the vast abyss. Storm-clouds shrouded the day, and excutimur cursu et caecis erramus in undis. 200 the night mists hid the sky: lightning flashed again ipse diem noctemque negat discernere caelo from the torn clouds. We were thrown off course, nec meminisse uiae media Palinurus in unda. and wandered the blind waves. Palinurus himself tris adeo incertos caeca caligine soles was unable to tell night from day in the sky, and erramus pelago, totidem sine sidere noctes. could not determine his path among the waves. So quarto terra die primum se attollere tandem 205 for three days, and as many starless nights, we uisa, aperire procul montis ac uoluere fumum. wandered uncertainly, in a dark fog, over the sea. uela cadunt, remis insurgimus; haud mora, nautae At last, on the fourth day, land was first seen to adnixi torquent spumas et caerula uerrunt. rise, revealing far off mountains and rolling smoke. The sails fell, we stood to the oars: without pause, the sailors, at full stretch, churned the foam, and swept the blue sea. Lines 209-277 The Harpies seruatum ex undis Strophadum me litora primum Free of the waves I'm welcomed first by the shores excipiunt. Strophades Graio stant nomine dictae of the Strophades, the Clashing Islands. The 210 Strophades are fixed now in the great Ionian Sea, insulae Ionio in magno, quas dira Celaeno but are called by the Greek name. There dread Harpyiaeque colunt aliae, Phineia postquam Celaeno and the rest of the Harpies live, since clausa domus mensasque metu liquere priores. Phineus's house was denied them, and they left his tristius haud illis monstrum, nec saeuior ulla tables where they fed, in fear. No worse monsters pestis et ira deum Stygiis sese extulit undis. 215 than these, no crueller plague, ever rose from the uirginei uolucrum uultus, foedissima uentris waters of Styx, at the gods' anger. These birds have proluuies uncaeque manus et pallida semper the faces of virgin girls, foulest excrement flowing ora fame. from their bellies, clawed hands, and faces always huc ubi delati portus intrauimus, ecce thin with hunger. Now when, arriving here, we laeta boum passim campis armenta uidemus 220 enter port, we see fat herds of cattle scattered over caprigenumque pecus nullo custode per herbas. the plains, and flocks of goats, unguarded, in the inruimus ferro et diuos ipsumque uocamus meadows. We rush at them with our swords, calling in partem praedamque Iouem; tum litore curuo on Jove himself and the gods to join us in our exstruimusque toros dapibusque epulamur opimis. plunder: then we build seats on the curving beach, at subitae horrifico lapsu de montibus adsunt 225 and feast on the rich meats. But suddenly the Harpyiae et magnis quatiunt clangoribus alas, Harpies arrive, in a fearsome swoop from the hills, diripiuntque dapes contactuque omnia foedant flapping their wings with a huge noise, snatching at immundo; tum uox taetrum dira inter odorem. the food, and fouling everything with their filthy rursum in secessu longo sub rupe cauata touch: then there's a deadly shriek amongst the foul [arboribus clausam circum atque horrentibus stench. We set out the tables again, and relight the umbris] 230 altar fires, in a deep recess under an overhanging instruimus mensas arisque reponimus ignem; rock, closed off by trees and trembling shadows: rursum ex diuerso caeli caecisque latebris again from another part of the sky, some hidden turba sonans praedam pedibus circumuolat uncis, lair, the noisy crowd hovers, with taloned feet polluit ore dapes. sociis tunc arma capessant around their prey, polluting the food with their edico, et dira bellum cum gente gerendum. 235 mouths. Then I order my friends to take up their haud secus ac iussi faciunt tectosque per herbam weapons and make war on that dreadful race. They disponunt ensis et scuta latentia condunt. do exactly that, obeying orders, placing hidden ergo ubi delapsae sonitum per curua dedere swords in the grass, and burying their shields out of litora, dat signum specula Misenus ab alta sight. Then when the birds swoop, screaming, aere cauo. inuadunt socii et noua proelia temptant, along the curved beach, Misenus, from his high 240 lookout, gives the signal on hollow bronze. My obscenas pelagi ferro foedare uolucris. friends charge, and, in a new kind of battle, attempt sed neque uim plumis ullam nec uulnera tergo to wound these foul ocean birds with their swords. accipiunt, celerique fuga sub sidera lapsae But they don't register the blows to their plumage, semesam praedam et uestigia foeda relinquunt. or the wounds to their backs, they flee quickly, una in praecelsa consedit rupe Celaeno, 245 soaring beneath the heavens, leaving behind half- infelix uates, rumpitque hanc pectore uocem; eaten food, and the traces of their filth. Only 'bellum etiam pro caede boum stratisque iuuencis, Celaeno, ominous prophetess, settles on a high Laomedontiadae, bellumne inferre paratis cliff, and bursts out with this sound from her breast: et patrio Harpyias insontis pellere regno? "Are you ready to bring war to us, sons of accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta, Laomedon, is it war, for the cows you killed, the 250 bullocks you slaughtered, driving the innocent quae Phoebo pater omnipotens, mihi Phoebus Harpies from their father's country? Take these Apollo words of mine to your hearts then, and set them praedixit, uobis Furiarum ego maxima pando. there. I, the eldest of the Furies, reveal to you what Italiam cursu petitis uentisque uocatis: the all-powerful Father prophesied to Apollo, and ibitis Italiam portusque intrare licebit. Phoebus Apollo to me. Italy is the path you take, sed non ante datam cingetis moenibus urbem 255 and, invoking the winds, you shall go to Italy, and quam uos dira fames nostraeque iniuria caedis enter her harbours freely: but you will not surround ambesas subigat malis absumere mensas.' the city granted you with walls until dire hunger, dixit, et in siluam pennis ablata refugit. and the sin of striking at us, force you to consume at sociis subita gelidus formidine sanguis your very tables with devouring jaws." She spoke, deriguit: cecidere animi, nec iam amplius armis, and fled back to the forest borne by her wings. But 260 my companions' chill blood froze with sudden fear: sed uotis precibusque iubent exposcere pacem, their courage dropped, and they told me to beg for siue deae seu sint dirae obscenaeque uolucres. peace, with vows and prayers, forgoing weapons, et pater Anchises passis de litore palmis no matter if these were goddesses or fatal, vile numina magna uocat meritosque indicit honores: birds. And my father Anchises, with outstretched 'di, prohibete minas; di, talem auertite casum 265 hands, on the shore, called to the great gods and et placidi seruate pios.' tum litore funem declared the due sacrifice: "Gods, avert these deripere excussosque iubet laxare rudentis. threats, gods, prevent these acts, and, in peace, tendunt uela Noti: fugimus spumantibus undis protect the virtuous!" Then he ordered us to haul in qua cursum uentusque gubernatorque uocabat. the cables from the shore, unfurl and spread the iam medio apparet fluctu nemorosa Zacynthos 270 sails. South winds stretched the canvas: we coursed Dulichiumque Sameque et Neritos ardua saxis. over foaming seas, wherever the winds and the effugimus scopulos Ithacae, Laertia regna, helmsman dictated our course. Now wooded et terram altricem saeui exsecramur Ulixi. Zacynthus appeared amongst the waves, mox et Leucatae nimbosa cacumina montis Dulichium, Same and Neritos's steep cliffs. We ran et formidatus nautis aperitur Apollo. 275 past Laertes's kingdom, Ithacas's reefs, and cursed hunc petimus fessi et paruae succedimus urbi; the land that reared cruel Ulysses. Soon the cloudy ancora de prora iacitur, stant litore puppes. heights of Mount Leucata were revealed, as well, and Apollo's headland, feared by sailors. We headed wearily for it, and approached the little town: the anchor was thrown from the prow, the stern rested on the beach. Lines 278-293 The Games at Actium Ergo insperata tandem tellure potiti So, beyond hope, achieving land at last, we purify lustramurque Ioui uotisque incendimus aras, ourselves for Jove, and light offerings on the altars, Actiaque Iliacis celebramus litora ludis. 280 and celebrate Trojan games on the shore of Actium. exercent patrias oleo labente palaestras My naked companions, slippery with oil, indulge in nudati socii: iuuat euasisse tot urbes the wrestling-bouts of their homeland: it's good to Argolicas mediosque fugam tenuisse per hostis. have slipped past so many Greek cities and held our interea magnum sol circumuoluitur annum course in flight through the midst of the enemy. et glacialis hiems Aquilonibus asperat undas. 285 Meanwhile the sun rolls through the long year and aere cauo clipeum, magni gestamen Abantis, icy winter stirs the waves with northerly gales: I fix postibus aduersis figo et rem carmine signo: a shield of hollow bronze, once carried by mighty aeneas haec de danais victoribvs arma; Abas, on the entrance pillars, and mark the event linquere tum portus iubeo et considere transtris. with a verse: AENEAS OFFERS THIS ARMOUR certatim socii feriunt mare et aequora uerrunt: 290 FROM CONQUERING GREEKS then I order protinus aerias Phaeacum abscondimus arces them to man the benches and leave harbour: in litoraque Epiri legimus portuque subimus rivalry, my friends strike the sea and sweep the Chaonio et celsam Buthroti accedimus urbem. waves. We soon leave behind the windblown heights of Phaeacia, pass the shores of Epirus, enter Chaonia's harbour and approach the lofty city of Buthrotum. Lines 294-355 Andromache in Chaonia Hic incredibilis rerum fama occupat auris, Here a rumour of something unbelievable greeted Priamiden Helenum Graias regnare per urbis 295 our ears: Priam's son, Helenus, reigning over Greek coniugio Aeacidae Pyrrhi sceptrisque potitum, cities, having won the wife and kingdom of et patrio Andromachen iterum cessisse marito. Pyrrhus, Aeacus's scion, Andromache being given obstipui, miroque incensum pectus amore again to a husband of her race. I was astounded, compellare uirum et casus cognoscere tantos. and my heart burned with an amazing passion to progredior portu classis et litora linquens, 300 speak to the man, and learn of such events. I sollemnis cum forte dapes et tristia dona walked from the harbour, leaving the fleet and the ante urbem in luco falsi Simoentis ad undam shore, when, by chance, in a sacred grove near the libabat cineri Andromache manisque uocabat city, by a false Simois, Andromache was making an Hectoreum ad tumulum, uiridi quem caespite annual offering, sad gifts, to Hector's ashes, and inanem calling his spirit to the tomb, an empty mound of et geminas, causam lacrimis, sacrauerat aras. 305 green turf, and twin altars, she had sanctified, a ut me conspexit uenientem et Troia circum place for tears. When she saw me approaching and arma amens uidit, magnis exterrita monstris recognised, with amazement, Trojan weapons deriguit uisu in medio, calor ossa reliquit, round her, she froze as she gazed, terrified by these labitur, et longo uix tandem tempore fatur: great wonders, and the heat left her limbs. She half- 'uerane te facies, uerus mihi nuntius adfers, 310 fell and after a long while, scarcely able to, said: nate dea? uiuisne? aut, si lux alma recessit, "Are you a real person, a real messenger come here Hector ubi est?' dixit, lacrimasque effudit et omnem to me, son of the goddess? Are you alive? Or if the impleuit clamore locum. uix pauca furenti kindly light has faded, where then is Hector?" She subicio et raris turbatus uocibus hisco: spoke, and poured out her tears, and filled the 'uiuo equidem uitamque extrema per omnia duco; whole place with her weeping. Given her frenzy, I 315 barely replied with a few words, and, moved, I ne dubita, nam uera uides. spoke disjointedly: "Surely, I live, and lead a life heu! quis te casus deiectam coniuge tanto full of extremes: don't be unsure, for you see truly. excipit, aut quae digna satis fortuna reuisit, Ah! What fate has overtaken you, fallen from so Hectoris Andromache? Pyrrhin conubia seruas?' great a husband? Or has good fortune worthy deiecit uultum et demissa uoce locuta est: 320 enough for Hector's Andromache, visited you 'o felix una ante alias Priameia uirgo, again? Are you still Pyrrhus's wife?" She lowered hostilem ad tumulum Troiae sub moenibus altis her eyes and spoke quietly: "O happy beyond all iussa mori, quae sortitus non pertulit ullos others was that virgin daughter of Priam, nec uictoris heri tetigit captiua cubile! commanded to die beside an enemy tomb, under nos patria incensa diuersa per aequora uectae 325 Troy's high walls, who never suffered fate's lottery, stirpis Achilleae fastus iuuenemque superbum or, as a prisoner, reached her victorious master's seruitio enixae tulimus; qui deinde secutus bed! Carried over distant seas, my country set afire, Ledaeam Hermionen Lacedaemoniosque I endured the scorn of Achilles's son, and his hymenaeos youthful arrogance, giving birth as a slave: he, who me famulo famulamque Heleno transmisit then, pursuing Hermione, Helen's daughter, and a habendam. Spartan marriage, transferred me to Helenus's ast illum ereptae magno flammatus amore 330 keeping, a servant to a servant. But Orestes, coniugis et scelerum furiis agitatus Orestes inflamed by great love for his stolen bride, and excipit incautum patriasque obtruncat ad aras. driven by the Furies for his crime, caught him, morte Neoptolemi regnorum reddita cessit unawares, and killed him by his father's altar. At pars Heleno, qui Chaonios cognomine campos Pyrrhus's death a part of the kingdom passed, by Chaoniamque omnem Troiano a Chaone dixit, 335 right to Helenus, who named the Chaonian fields, Pergamaque Iliacamque iugis hanc addidit arcem. and all Chaonia, after Chaon of Troy, and built a sed tibi qui cursum uenti, quae fata dedere? Pergamus, and this fortress of Ilium, on the aut quisnam ignarum nostris deus appulit oris? mountain ridge. But what winds, what fates, set quid puer Ascanius? superatne et uescitur aura? your course for you? Or what god drives you, quem tibi iam Troia— 340 unknowingly, to our shores? What of the child, ecqua tamen puero est amissae cura parentis? Ascanius? Does he live, and graze on air, he whom ecquid in antiquam uirtutem animosque uirilis Creusa bore to you in vanished Troy? Has he any et pater Aeneas et auunculus excitat Hector?' love still for his lost mother? Have his father talia fundebat lacrimans longosque ciebat Aeneas and his uncle Hector roused in him any of incassum fletus, cum sese a moenibus heros 345 their ancient courage or virile spirit?" Weeping, she Priamides multis Helenus comitantibus adfert, poured out these words, and was starting a long agnoscitque suos laetusque ad limina ducit, vain lament, when heroic Helenus, Priam's son, et multum lacrimas uerba inter singula fundit. approached from the city, with a large retinue, and procedo et paruam Troiam simulataque magnis recognised us as his own, and lead us, joyfully, to Pergama et arentem Xanthi cognomine riuum 350 the gates, and poured out tears freely at every word. agnosco, Scaeaeque amplector limina portae; I walked on, and saw a little Troy, and a copy of nec non et Teucri socia simul urbe fruuntur. the great citadel, and a dry stream, named after the illos porticibus rex accipiebat in amplis: Xanthus, and embraced the doorposts of a Scaean aulai medio libabant pocula Bacchi Gate. My Trojans enjoyed the friendly city with me impositis auro dapibus, paterasque tenebant. 355 no less. The king received them in a broad colonnade: they poured out cups of wine in the centre of a courtyard, and held out their dishes while food was served on gold. Lines 356-462 The Prophecy of Helenus Iamque dies alterque dies processit, et aurae Now day after day has gone by, and the breezes call uela uocant tumidoque inflatur carbasus Austro: to the sails, and the canvas swells with a rising his uatem adgredior dictis ac talia quaeso: Southerly: I go to Helenus, the seer, with these 'Troiugena, interpres diuum, qui numina Phoebi, words and ask: "Trojan-born, agent of the gods, qui tripodas Clarii et laurus, qui sidera sentis 360 you who know Apollo's will, the tripods, the laurels et uolucrum linguas et praepetis omina pennae, at Claros, the stars, the language of birds, and the fare age (namque omnis cursum mihi prospera dixit omens of their wings in flight, come, speak (since a religio, et cuncti suaserunt numine diui favourable oracle told me all my route, and all the Italiam petere et terras temptare repostas; gods in their divinity urged me to seek Italy, and sola nouum dictuque nefas Harpyia Celaeno 365 explore the furthest lands: only the Harpy, Celaeno, prodigium canit et tristis denuntiat iras predicts fresh portents, evil to tell of, and threatens obscenamque famem), quae prima pericula uito? bitter anger and vile famine) first, what dangers quidue sequens tantos possim superare labores?' shall I avoid? Following what course can I hic Helenus caesis primum de more iuuencis overcome such troubles?" Helenus, first sacrificing exorat pacem diuum uittasque resoluit 370 bullocks according to the ritual, obtained the gods' sacrati capitis, meque ad tua limina, Phoebe, grace, then loosened the headband from his holy ipse manu multo suspensum numine ducit, brow, and led me, anxious at so much divine atque haec deinde canit diuino ex ore sacerdos: power, with his own hand, to your threshold 'Nate dea (nam te maioribus ire per altum Apollo, and then the priest prophesied this, from auspiciis manifesta fides; sic fata deum rex 375 the divine mouth: "Son of the goddess, since the sortitur uoluitque uices, is uertitur ordo), truth is clear, that you sail the deep blessed by the pauca tibi e multis, quo tutior hospita lustres higher powers (so the king of the gods allots our aequora et Ausonio possis considere portu, fates, and rolls the changes, so the order alters), I'll expediam dictis; prohibent nam cetera Parcae explain a few things of many, in my words to you, scire Helenum farique uetat Saturnia Iuno. 380 so you may travel foreign seas more safely, and can principio Italiam, quam tu iam rere propinquam find rest in an Italian haven: for the Fates forbid uicinosque, ignare, paras inuadere portus, Helenus to know further, and Saturnian Juno denies longa procul longis uia diuidit inuia terris. him speech. Firstly, a long pathless path, by long ante et Trinacria lentandus remus in unda coastlines, separates you from that far-off Italy, et salis Ausonii lustrandum nauibus aequor 385 whose neighbouring port you intend to enter, infernique lacus Aeaeaeque insula Circae, unknowingly thinking it nearby. Before you can quam tuta possis urbem componere terra. build your city in a safe land, you must bend the signa tibi dicam, tu condita mente teneto: oar in Sicilian waters, and pass the levels of the cum tibi sollicito secreti ad fluminis undam Italian seas, in your ships, the infernal lakes, and litoreis ingens inuenta sub ilicibus sus 390 Aeaean Circe's island. I'll tell you of signs: keep triginta capitum fetus enixa iacebit, them stored in your memory. When, in your alba solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati, distress, you find a huge sow lying on the shore, by is locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum. the waters of a remote river, under the oak trees, nec tu mensarum morsus horresce futuros: that has farrowed a litter of thirty young, a white fata uiam inuenient aderitque uocatus Apollo. 395 sow, lying on the ground, with white piglets round has autem terras Italique hanc litoris oram, her teats, that place shall be your city, there's true proxima quae nostri perfunditur aequoris aestu, rest from your labours. And do not dread that effuge; cuncta malis habitantur moenia Grais. gnawing of tables, in your future: the fates will find hic et Narycii posuerunt moenia Locri, a way, Apollo will be there at your call. But avoid et Sallentinos obsedit milite campos 400 these lands, and this nearer coastline of the Italian Lyctius Idomeneus; hic illa ducis Meliboei shore, washed by our own ocean tide: hostile parua Philoctetae subnixa Petelia muro. Greeks inhabit every town. The Narycian Locri quin ubi transmissae steterint trans aequora classes have built a city here, and Lyctian Idomeneus has et positis aris iam uota in litore solues, filled the plain with soldiers: here is that little purpureo uelare comas adopertus amictu, 405 Petelia, of Philoctetes, leader of the Meliboeans, ne qua inter sanctos ignis in honore deorum relying on its walls. Then when your fleet has hostilis facies occurrat et omina turbet. crossed the sea, and anchored and the altars are hunc socii morem sacrorum, hunc ipse teneto; raised for your offerings on the shore, veil your hac casti maneant in religione nepotes. hair, clothed in your purple robes, so that in ast ubi digressum Siculae te admouerit orae 410 worshipping the gods no hostile face may intrude uentus, et angusti rarescent claustra Pelori, among the sacred flames, and disturb the omens. laeua tibi tellus et longo laeua petantur Let your friends adopt this mode of sacrifice, and aequora circuitu; dextrum fuge litus et undas. yourself: and let your descendants remain pure in haec loca ui quondam et uasta conuulsa ruina this religion. But when the wind carries you, on (tantum aeui longinqua ualet mutare uetustas) 415 leaving, to the Sicilian shore, and the barriers of dissiluisse ferunt, cum protinus utraque tellus narrow Pelorus open ahead, make for the seas and una foret: uenit medio ui pontus et undis land to port, in a long circuit: avoid the shore and Hesperium Siculo latus abscidit, aruaque et urbes waters on the starboard side. They say, when the litore diductas angusto interluit aestu. two were one continuous stretch of land, they one dextrum Scylla latus, laeuum implacata Charybdis day broke apart, torn by the force of a vast 420 upheaval (time's remote antiquity enables such obsidet, atque imo barathri ter gurgite uastos great changes). The sea flowed between them with sorbet in abruptum fluctus rursusque sub auras force, and severed the Italian from the Sicilian erigit alternos, et sidera uerberat unda. coast, and a narrow tideway washes the cities and at Scyllam caecis cohibet spelunca latebris fields on separate shores. Scylla holds the right ora exsertantem et nauis in saxa trahentem. 425 side, implacable Charybdis the left, who, in the prima hominis facies et pulchro pectore uirgo depths of the abyss, swallows the vast flood three pube tenus, postrema immani corpore pistrix times into the downward gulf and alternately lifts it delphinum caudas utero commissa luporum. to the air, and lashes the heavens with her waves. praestat Trinacrii metas lustrare Pachyni But a cave surrounds Scylla with dark hiding- cessantem, longos et circumflectere cursus, 430 places, and she thrusts her mouths out, and drags quam semel informem uasto uidisse sub antro ships onto the rocks. Above she has human shape, Scyllam et caeruleis canibus resonantia saxa. and is a girl, with lovely breasts, a girl, down to her praeterea, si qua est Heleno prudentia uati, sex, below it she is a sea-monster of huge size, with si qua fides, animum si ueris implet Apollo, dolphins' tails joined to a belly formed of wolves. It unum illud tibi, nate dea, proque omnibus unum is better to round the point of Pachynus, lingering, 435 and circling Sicily on a long course, than to once praedicam et repetens iterumque iterumque catch sight of hideous Scylla in her vast cave and monebo, the rocks that echo to her sea-dark hounds. Beyond Iunonis magnae primum prece numen adora, this, if Helenus has any knowledge, if the seer can Iunoni cane uota libens dominamque potentem be believed, if Apollo fills his spirit with truth, son supplicibus supera donis: sic denique uictor of the goddess, I will say this one thing, this one Trinacria finis Italos mittere relicta. 440 thing that is worth all, and I'll repeat the warning huc ubi delatus Cumaeam accesseris urbem again and again, honour great Juno's divinity above diuinosque lacus et Auerna sonantia siluis, all, with prayer, and recite your vows to Juno insanam uatem aspicies, quae rupe sub ima freely, and win over that powerful lady with fata canit foliisque notas et nomina mandat. humble gifts: so at last you'll leave Sicily behind quaecumque in foliis descripsit carmina uirgo 445 and reach the coast of Italy, victorious. Once digerit in numerum atque antro seclusa relinquit: brought there, approach the city of Cumae, the illa manent immota locis neque ab ordine cedunt. ghostly lakes, and Avernus, with its whispering uerum eadem, uerso tenuis cum cardine uentus groves, gaze on the raving prophetess, who sings impulit et teneras turbauit ianua frondes, the fates deep in the rock, and commits names and numquam deinde cauo uolitantia prendere saxo 450 signs to leaves. Whatever verses the virgin writes nec reuocare situs aut iungere carmina curat: on the leaves, she arranges in order, and stores inconsulti abeunt sedemque odere Sibyllae. them high up in her cave. They stay in place, hic tibi ne qua morae fuerint dispendia tanti, motionless, and keep in rank: but once a light quamuis increpitent socii et ui cursus in altum breeze ruffles them, at the turn of a hinge, and the uela uocet, possisque sinus implere secundos, 455 opening door disturbs the delicate leaves, she never quin adeas uatem precibusque oracula poscas thinks to retrieve them, as they flutter through the ipsa canat uocemque uolens atque ora resoluat. rocky cave, or to return them to their places, or illa tibi Italiae populos uenturaque bella reconstitute the prophecies: men go away et quo quemque modo fugiasque ferasque laborem unanswered, and detest the Sibyl's lair. Though expediet, cursusque dabit uenerata secundos. 460 your friends complain, and though your course haec sunt quae nostra liceat te uoce moneri. calls your sails urgently to the deep, and a uade age et ingentem factis fer ad aethera Troiam.' following wind might fill the canvas, don't overvalue the loss in any delay, but visit the prophetess, and beg her with prayers to speak the oracle herself, and loose her voice through willing lips. She will rehearse the peoples of Italy, the wars to come, and how you might evade or endure each trial, and, shown respect, she'll grant you a favourable journey. These are the things you can be warned of by my voice. Go now, and by your actions raise great Troy to the stars." Lines 463-505 The Departure from Chaonia Quae postquam uates sic ore effatus amico est, After the seer had spoken these words with benign dona dehinc auro grauia ac secto elephanto lips, he ordered heavy gifts of gold and carved imperat ad nauis ferri, stipatque carinis 465 ivory to be carried to our ships, and stored massive ingens argentum Dodonaeosque lebetas, silverware in the holds, cauldrons from Dodona, a loricam consertam hamis auroque trilicem, hooked breastplate woven with triple-linked gold, et conum insignis galeae cristasque comantis, and a fine conical helmet with a crest of horse-hair, arma Neoptolemi. sunt et sua dona parenti. Pyrrhus's armour. There were gifts of his own for addit equos, additque duces, 470 my father too. Helenus added horses and sea-pilots: remigium supplet, socios simul instruit armis. he manned our oars: he also equipped my friends Interea classem uelis aptare iubebat with weapons. Meanwhile Anchises ordered us to Anchises, fieret uento mora ne qua ferenti. rig sails on the ships, so the rushing wind would not quem Phoebi interpres multo compellat honore: be lost, by our delay. Apollo's agent spoke to him 'coniugio, Anchisa, Veneris dignate superbo, 475 with great respect: "Anchises, worthy of proud cura deum, bis Pergameis erepte ruinis, marriage with Venus, cared for by the gods, twice ecce tibi Ausoniae tellus: hanc arripe uelis. saved from the ruins of Troy, behold your land of et tamen hanc pelago praeterlabare necesse est: Italy: sail and take it. But still you must slide past it Ausoniae pars illa procul quam pandit Apollo. on the seas: the part of Italy that Apollo named is uade,' ait 'o felix nati pietate. quid ultra 480 far away. Go onward, happy in your son's love. prouehor et fando surgentis demoror Austros?' Why should I say more, and delay your catching nec minus Andromache digressu maesta supremo the rising wind?" Andromache also, grieved at this fert picturatas auri subtemine uestis final parting, brought robes embroidered with gold et Phrygiam Ascanio chlamydem (nec cedit weave, and a Phrygian cloak for Ascanius, nor did honore) she fail to honour him, and loaded him down with textilibusque onerat donis, ac talia fatur: 485 gifts of cloth, and said: "Take these as well, my 'accipe et haec, manuum tibi quae monimenta child, remembrances for you from my hand, and mearum witness of the lasting love of Andromache, Hector's sint, puer, et longum Andromachae testentur wife. Take these last gifts from your kin, O you, the amorem, sole image left to me of my Astyanax. He had the coniugis Hectoreae. cape dona extrema tuorum, same eyes, the same hands, the same lips: and now o mihi sola mei super Astyanactis imago. he would be growing up like you, equal in age." sic oculos, sic ille manus, sic ora ferebat; 490 My tears welled as I spoke these parting words: et nunc aequali tecum pubesceret aeuo.' "Live happily, you whose fortunes are already hos ego digrediens lacrimis adfabar obortis: determined: we are summoned onwards from 'uiuite felices, quibus est fortuna peracta destiny to destiny. For you, peace is achieved: iam sua: nos alia ex aliis in fata uocamur. you've no need to plough the levels of the sea, uobis parta quies: nullum maris aequor arandum, you've no need to seek Italy's ever-receding fields. I 495 wish that you might gaze at your likeness of arua neque Ausoniae semper cedentia retro Xanthus, and a Troy built by your own hands, quaerenda. effigiem Xanthi Troiamque uidetis under happier auspices, one which might be less quam uestrae fecere manus, melioribus, opto, exposed to the Greeks. If I ever reach the Tiber, auspiciis, et quae fuerit minus obuia Grais. and the Tiber's neighbouring fields, and gaze on si quando Thybrim uicinaque Thybridis arua 500 city walls granted to my people, we'll one day make intraro gentique meae data moenia cernam, one Troy, in spirit, from each of our kindred cities cognatas urbes olim populosque propinquos, and allied peoples, in Epirus, in Italy, who have the Epiro Hesperiam (quibus idem Dardanus auctor same Dardanus for ancestor, the same history: let it atque idem casus), unam faciemus utramque be left to our descendants care." Troiam animis: maneat nostros ea cura nepotes.' 505 Lines 506-547 In Sight of Italy Prouehimur pelago uicina Ceraunia iuxta, We sail on over the sea, close to the Ceraunian unde iter Italiam cursusque breuissimus undis. cliffs nearby, on course for Italy, and the shortest sol ruit interea et montes umbrantur opaci; path over the waves. Meanwhile the sun is setting sternimur optatae gremio telluris ad undam and the darkened hills are in shadow. Having sortiti remos passimque in litore sicco 510 shared oars, we stretch out, near the waves, on the corpora curamus, fessos sopor inrigat artus. surface of the long-desired land, and, scattered necdum orbem medium Nox Horis acta subibat: across the dry beach, we rest our bodies: sleep haud segnis strato surgit Palinurus et omnis refreshes our weary limbs. Night, lead by the explorat uentos atque auribus aera captat; Hours, is not yet in mid-course: Palinurus rises sidera cuncta notat tacito labentia caelo, 515 alertly from his couch, tests all the winds, and Arcturum pluuiasque Hyadas geminosque Triones, listens to the breeze: he notes all the stars gliding armatumque auro circumspicit Oriona. through the silent sky, Arcturus, the rainy Pleiades, postquam cuncta uidet caelo constare sereno, both the Bears, and surveys Orion, armed with dat clarum e puppi signum; nos castra mouemus gold. When he sees that all tallies, and the sky is temptamusque uiam et uelorum pandimus alas. 520 calm, he sounds a loud call from the ship's stern: Iamque rubescebat stellis Aurora fugatis we break camp, attempt our route, and spread the cum procul obscuros collis humilemque uidemus winged sails. And now Dawn blushes as she puts Italiam. Italiam primus conclamat Achates, the stars to flight, when we see, far off, dark hills Italiam laeto socii clamore salutant. and low-lying Italy. First Achates proclaims Italy, tum pater Anchises magnum cratera corona 525 then my companions hail Italy with a joyful shout. induit impleuitque mero, diuosque uocauit Then my father Anchises took up a large bowl, stans celsa in puppi: filled it with wine, and standing in the high stern, 'di maris et terrae tempestatumque potentes, called to the heavens: "You gods, lords of the sea ferte uiam uento facilem et spirate secundi.' and earth and storms, carry us onward on a gentle crebrescunt optatae aurae portusque patescit 530 breeze, and breathe on us with kindness!" The wind iam propior, templumque apparet in arce Mineruae; we longed-for rises, now as we near, a harbour uela legunt socii et proras ad litora torquent. opens, and a temple is visible on Minerva's Height. portus ab euroo fluctu curuatus in arcum, My companions furl the sails and turn the prows to obiectae salsa spumant aspergine cautes, shore. The harbour is carved in an arc by the ipse latet: gemino demittunt bracchia muro 535 eastern tides: its jutting rocks boil with salt spray, turriti scopuli refugitque ab litore templum. so that it itself is hidden: towering cliffs extend quattuor hic, primum omen, equos in gramine uidi their arms in a twin wall, and the temple lies back tondentis campum late, candore niuali. from the shore. Here I see four horses in the long et pater Anchises 'bellum, o terra hospita, portas: grass, white as snow, grazing widely over the plain, bello armantur equi, bellum haec armenta minantur. our first omen. And my father Anchises cries: "O 540 foreign land, you bring us war: horses are armed sed tamen idem olim curru succedere sueti for war, war is what this herd threatens. Yet those quadripedes et frena iugo concordia ferre: same creatures one day can be yoked to a chariot, spes et pacis' ait. tum numina sancta precamur and once yoked will suffer the bridle in harmony: Palladis armisonae, quae prima accepit ouantis, there's also hope of peace." Then we pray to the et capita ante aras Phrygio uelamur amictu, 545 sacred power of Pallas, of the clashing weapons, praeceptisque Heleni, dederat quae maxima, rite first to receive our cheers, and clothed in Phrygian Iunoni Argiuae iussos adolemus honores. robes we veiled our heads before the altar, and following the urgent command Helenus had given, we duly made burnt offerings to Argive Juno as ordered. Lines 548-587 The Approach to Sicily Haud mora, continuo perfectis ordine uotis Without delay, as soon as our vows are fully paid, cornua uelatarum obuertimus antemnarum, we haul on the ends of our canvas-shrouded yard- Graiugenumque domos suspectaque linquimus arms, and leave the home of the Greek race, and the arua. 550 fields we mistrust. Then Tarentum's bay is seen, hinc sinus Herculei (si uera est fama) Tarenti Hercules's city if the tale is true: Lacinian Juno's cernitur, attollit se diua Lacinia contra, temple rises against it, Caulon's fortress, and Caulonisque arces et nauifragum Scylaceum. Scylaceum's shore of shipwreck. Then far off tum procul e fluctu Trinacria cernitur Aetna, Sicilian Etna appears from the waves, and we hear et gemitum ingentem pelagi pulsataque saxa 555 the loud roar of the sea, and the distant tremor of audimus longe fractasque ad litora uoces, the rocks, and the broken murmurs of the shore, the exsultantque uada atque aestu miscentur harenae. shallows boil, and sand mixes with the flood. Then et pater Anchises 'nimirum hic illa Charybdis: my father, Anchises, said: "This must be hos Helenus scopulos, haec saxa horrenda canebat. Charybdis: these are the cliffs, these are the eripite, o socii, pariterque insurgite remis.' 560 horrendous rocks Helenus foretold. Pull away, O haud minus ac iussi faciunt, primusque rudentem comrades, and stand to the oars together." They do contorsit laeuas proram Palinurus ad undas; no less than they're asked, and Palinurus is the first laeuam cuncta cohors remis uentisque petiuit. to heave his groaning ship into the portside waves: tollimur in caelum curuato gurgite, et idem all our company seek port with oars and sail. We subducta ad Manis imos desedimus unda. 565 climb to heaven on the curving flood, and again ter scopuli clamorem inter caua saxa dedere, sink down with the withdrawing waves to the ter spumam elisam et rorantia uidimus astra. depths of Hades. The cliffs boom three times in interea fessos uentus cum sole reliquit, their rocky caves, three times we see the spray ignarique uiae Cyclopum adlabimur oris. burst, and the dripping stars. Then the wind and Portus ab accessu uentorum immotus et ingens 570 sunlight desert weary men, and not knowing the ipse: sed horrificis iuxta tonat Aetna ruinis, way we drift to the Cyclopes's shore. There's a interdumque atram prorumpit ad aethera nubem harbour, itself large and untroubled by the passing turbine fumantem piceo et candente fauilla, winds, but Etna rumbles nearby with fearsome attollitque globos flammarum et sidera lambit; avalanches, now it spews black clouds into the sky, interdum scopulos auulsaque uiscera montis 575 smoking, with pitch-black turbulence, and glowing erigit eructans, liquefactaque saxa sub auras ashes, and throws up balls of flame, licking the cum gemitu glomerat fundoque exaestuat imo. stars: now it hurls high the rocks it vomits, and the fama est Enceladi semustum fulmine corpus mountain's torn entrails, and gathers molten lava urgeri mole hac, ingentemque insuper Aetnam together in the air with a roar, boiling from its impositam ruptis flammam exspirare caminis, 580 lowest depths. The tale is that Enceladus's body, et fessum quotiens mutet latus, intremere omnem scorched by the lightning-bolt, is buried by that murmure Trinacriam et caelum subtexere fumo. mass, and piled above him, mighty Etna breathes noctem illam tecti siluis immania monstra flames from its riven furnaces, and as often as he perferimus, nec quae sonitum det causa uidemus. turns his weary flank, all Sicily quakes and nam neque erant astrorum ignes nec lucidus aethra rumbles, and clouds the sky with smoke. That night 585 we hide in the woods, enduring the dreadful siderea polus, obscuro sed nubila caelo, shocks, unable to see what the cause of the sound et lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat. is, since there are no heavenly fires, no bright pole in the starry firmament, but clouds in a darkened sky, and the dead of night holds the moon in shroud. Lines 588-654 Achaemenides Postera iamque dies primo surgebat Eoo Now the next day was breaking with the first light umentemque Aurora polo dimouerat umbram, of dawn, and Aurora had dispersed the moist cum subito e siluis macie confecta suprema 590 shadows from the sky, when suddenly the strange ignoti noua forma uiri miserandaque cultu form of an unknown man came out of the woods, procedit supplexque manus ad litora tendit. exhausted by the last pangs of hunger, pitifully respicimus. dira inluuies immissaque barba, dressed, and stretched his hands in supplication consertum tegimen spinis: at cetera Graius, towards the shore. We looked back. Vile with filth, et quondam patriis ad Troiam missus in armis. 595 his beard uncut, his clothing fastened together with isque ubi Dardanios habitus et Troia uidit thorns: but otherwise a Greek, once sent to Troy in arma procul, paulum aspectu conterritus haesit his country's armour. When he saw the Dardan continuitque gradum; mox sese ad litora praeceps clothes and Trojan weapons, far off, he hesitated a cum fletu precibusque tulit: 'per sidera testor, moment, frightened at the sight, and checked his per superos atque hoc caeli spirabile lumen, 600 steps: then ran headlong to the beach, with tears tollite me, Teucri. quascumque abducite terras: and prayers: "The stars be my witness, the gods, the hoc sat erit. scio me Danais e classibus unum light in the life-giving sky, Trojans, take me with et bello Iliacos fateor petiisse penatis. you: carry me to any country whatsoever, that will pro quo, si sceleris tanta est iniuria nostri, be fine by me. I know I'm from one of the Greek spargite me in fluctus uastoque immergite ponto; ships, and I confess that I made war against Trojan 605 gods, if my crime is so great an injury to you, si pereo, hominum manibus periisse iuuabit.' scatter me over the waves for it, or drown me in the dixerat et genua amplexus genibusque uolutans vast ocean: if I die I'll delight in dying at the hands haerebat. qui sit fari, quo sanguine cretus, of men." He spoke and clung to my knees, hortamur, quae deinde agitet fortuna fateri. embracing them and grovelling there. We urged ipse pater dextram Anchises haud multa moratus him to say who he was, born of what blood, then to 610 say what fate pursued him. Without much delay, dat iuueni atque animum praesenti pignore firmat. my father Anchises himself gave the young man his ille haec deposita tandem formidine fatur: hand, lifting his spirits by this ready trust. At last he 'sum patria ex Ithaca, comes infelicis Ulixi, set his fears aside and told us: "I'm from the land of nomine Achaemenides, Troiam genitore Adamasto Ithaca, a companion of unlucky Ulysses, paupere (mansissetque utinam fortuna!) profectus. Achaemenides by name, and, my father Adamastus 615 being poor, (I wish fate had kept me so!) I set out hic me, dum trepidi crudelia limina linquunt, for Troy. My comrades left me here in the Cyclops' immemores socii uasto Cyclopis in antro vast cave, forgetting me, as they hurriedly left that deseruere. domus sanie dapibusque cruentis, grim threshold. It's a house of blood and gory intus opaca, ingens. ipse arduus, altaque pulsat feasts, vast and dark inside. He himself is gigantic, sidera (di talem terris auertite pestem!) 620 striking against the high stars – gods, remove nec uisu facilis nec dictu adfabilis ulli; plagues like that from the earth! – not pleasant to uisceribus miserorum et sanguine uescitur atro. look at, affable to no one. He eats the dark blood uidi egomet duo de numero cum corpora nostro and flesh of wretched men. I saw myself how he prensa manu magna medio resupinus in antro seized two of our number in his huge hands, and frangeret ad saxum, sanieque aspersa natarent 625 reclining in the centre of the cave, broke them on limina; uidi atro cum membra fluentia tabo the rock, so the threshold, drenched, swam with manderet et tepidi tremerent sub dentibus artus— blood: I saw how he gnawed their limbs, dripping haud impune quidem, nec talia passus Ulixes with dark clots of gore, and the still-warm bodies oblitusue sui est Ithacus discrimine tanto. quivered in his jaws. Yet he did not go unpunished: nam simul expletus dapibus uinoque sepultus 630 Ulysses didn't suffer it, nor did the Ithacan forget ceruicem inflexam posuit, iacuitque per antrum himself in a crisis. As soon as the Cyclops, full of immensus saniem eructans et frusta cruento flesh and sated with wine, relaxed his neck, and per somnum commixta mero, nos magna precati lay, huge in size, across the cave, drooling gore and numina sortitique uices una undique circum blood and wine-drenched fragments in his sleep, fundimur, et telo lumen terebramus acuto 635 we prayed to the great gods, and our roles fixed, ingens quod torua solum sub fronte latebat, surrounded him on all sides, and stabbed his one Argolici clipei aut Phoebeae lampadis instar, huge eye, solitary, and half- hidden under his et tandem laeti sociorum ulciscimur umbras. savage brow, like a round Greek shield, or the sun- sed fugite, o miseri, fugite atque ab litore funem disc of Phoebus, with a sharpened stake: and so we rumpite. 640 joyfully avenged the spirits of our friends. But fly nam qualis quantusque cauo Polyphemus in antro from here, wretched men, and cut your mooring lanigeras claudit pecudes atque ubera pressat, ropes. Since, like Polyphemus, who pens woolly centum alii curua haec habitant ad litora uulgo flocks in the rocky cave, and milks their udders, infandi Cyclopes et altis montibus errant. there are a hundred other appalling Cyclopes, the tertia iam lunae se cornua lumine complent 645 same in shape and size, everywhere inhabiting the cum uitam in siluis inter deserta ferarum curved bay, and wandering the hills. The moon's lustra domosque traho uastosque ab rupe Cyclopas horns have filled with light three times now, while I prospicio sonitumque pedum uocemque tremesco. have been dragging my life out in the woods, uictum infelicem, bacas lapidosaque corna, among the lairs and secret haunts of wild creatures, dant rami, et uulsis pascunt radicibus herbae. 650 watching the huge Cyclopes from the cliffs, omnia conlustrans hanc primum ad litora classem trembling at their voices and the sound of their feet. conspexi uenientem. huic me, quaecumque fuisset, The branches yield a miserable supply of fruits and addixi: satis est gentem effugisse nefandam. stony cornelian cherries, and the grasses, torn up by uos animam hanc potius quocumque absumite leto.' their roots, feed me. Watching for everything, I saw, for the first time, this fleet approaching shore. Whatever might happen, I surrendered myself to you: it's enough for me to have escaped that wicked people. I'd rather you took this life of mine by any death whatsoever." Lines 655-691 655 Polyphemus Uix ea fatus erat summo cum monte uidemus 655 He'd barely spoken, when we saw the shepherd ipsum inter pecudes uasta se mole mouentem Polyphemus himself, moving his mountainous bulk pastorem Polyphemum et litora nota petentem, on the hillside among the flocks, and heading for monstrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumen the familiar shore, a fearful monster, vast and ademptum. shapeless, robbed of the light. A lopped pine-trunk trunca manum pinus regit et uestigia firmat; in his hand steadied and guided his steps: his fleecy lanigerae comitantur oues; ea sola uoluptas 660 sheep accompanied him: his sole delight and the solamenque mali. solace for his evils. As soon as he came to the sea postquam altos tetigit fluctus et ad aequora uenit, and reached the deep water, he washed away the luminis effossi fluidum lauit inde cruorem blood oozing from the gouged eye-socket, groaning dentibus infrendens gemitu, graditurque per aequor and gnashing his teeth. Then he walked through the iam medium, necdum fluctus latera ardua tinxit. depths of the waves, without the tide wetting his 665 vast thighs. Anxiously we hurried our departure nos procul inde fugam trepidi celerare recepto from there, accepting the worthy suppliant on supplice sic merito tacitique incidere funem, board, and cutting the cable in silence: then leaning uertimus et proni certantibus aequora remis. into our oars, we vied in sweeping the sea. He sensit, et ad sonitum uocis uestigia torsit. heard, and bent his course towards the sound of uerum ubi nulla datur dextra adfectare potestas 670 splashing. But when he was denied the power to set nec potis Ionios fluctus aequare sequendo, hands on us, and unable to counter the force of the clamorem immensum tollit, quo pontus et omnes Ionian waves, in pursuit, he raised a mighty shout, intremuere undae, penitusque exterrita tellus at which the sea and all the waves shook, and the Italiae curuisque immugiit Aetna cauernis. land of Italy was frightened far inland, and Etna at genus e siluis Cyclopum et montibus altis 675 bellowed from its winding caverns, but the tribe of excitum ruit ad portus et litora complent. Cyclopes, roused from their woods and high cernimus astantis nequiquam lumine toruo mountains, rushed to the harbour, and crowded the Aetnaeos fratres caelo capita alta ferentis, shore. We saw them standing there, impotently, concilium horrendum: quales cum uertice celso wild-eyed, the Aetnean brotherhood, heads aeriae quercus aut coniferae cyparissi 680 towering into the sky, a fearsome gathering: like constiterunt, silua alta Iouis lucusue Dianae. tall oaks rooted on a summit, or cone-bearing praecipitis metus acer agit quocumque rudentis cypresses, in Jove's high wood or Diana's grove. excutere et uentis intendere uela secundis. Acute fear drove us on to pay out the ropes on contra iussa monent Heleni, Scyllamque whatever tack and spread our sails to any Charybdinque favourable wind. Helenus's orders warned against inter, utrimque uiam leti discrimine paruo, 685 taking a course between Scylla and Charybdis, a ni teneam cursus: certum est dare lintea retro. hair's breadth from death on either side: we decided ecce autem Boreas angusta ab sede Pelori to beat back again. When, behold, a northerly missus adest: uiuo praeteruehor ostia saxo arrived from the narrow headland of Pelorus: I Pantagiae Megarosque sinus Thapsumque sailed past the natural rock mouth of the Pantagias, iacentem. Megara's bay, and low-lying Thapsus. Such were talia monstrabat relegens errata retrorsus 690 the shores Achaemenides, the friend of unlucky litora Achaemenides, comes infelicis Ulixi. Ulysses, showed me, sailing his wandering journey again, in reverse. Lines 692-718 The Death of Anchises Sicanio praetenta sinu iacet insula contra An island lies over against wave-washed Plemyrium undosum; nomen dixere priores Plemyrium, stretched across a Sicilian bay: named Ortygiam. Alpheum fama est huc Elidis amnem Ortygia by men of old. The story goes that occultas egisse uias subter mare, qui nunc 695 Alpheus, a river of Elis, forced a hidden path here ore, Arethusa, tuo Siculis confunditur undis. under the sea, and merges with the Sicilian waters iussi numina magna loci ueneramur, et inde of your fountain Arethusa. As commanded we exsupero praepingue solum stagnantis Helori. worshipped the great gods of this land, and from hinc altas cautes proiectaque saxa Pachyni there I passed marshy Helorus's marvellously rich radimus, et fatis numquam concessa moueri 700 soil. Next we passed the tall reefs and jutting rocks apparet Camerina procul campique Geloi, of Pachynus, and Camerina appeared in the immanisque Gela fluuii cognomine dicta. distance, granted immoveable, by prophecy, and arduus inde Acragas ostentat maxima longe the Geloan plains, and Gela named after its savage moenia, magnanimum quondam generator river. Then steep Acragas, once the breeder of equorum; brave horses, showed its mighty ramparts in the teque datis linquo uentis, palmosa Selinus, 705 distance: and granted the wind, I left palmy et uada dura lego saxis Lilybeia caecis. Selinus, and passed the tricky shallows of hinc Drepani me portus et inlaetabilis ora Lilybaeum with their blind reefs. Next the harbour accipit. hic pelagi tot tempestatibus actus of Drepanum, and its joyless shore, received me. heu, genitorem, omnis curae casusque leuamen, Here, alas, I lost my father, Anchises, my comfort amitto Anchisen. hic me, pater optime, fessum 710 in every trouble and misfortune, I, who'd been deseris, heu, tantis nequiquam erepte periclis! driven by so many ocean storms: here you left me, nec uates Helenus, cum multa horrenda moneret, weary, best of fathers, saved from so many dangers hos mihi praedixit luctus, non dira Celaeno. in vain! Helenus, the seer, did not prophesy this hic labor extremus, longarum haec meta uiarum, grief of mine, when he warned me of many horrors, hinc me digressum uestris deus appulit oris. 715 nor did grim Celaeno. This was my last trouble, this Sic pater Aeneas intentis omnibus unus the end of my long journey: leaving there, the god fata renarrabat diuum cursusque docebat. drove me to your shores.' So our ancestor Aeneas, conticuit tandem factoque hic fine quieuit. as all listened to one man, recounted divine fate, and described his journey. At last he stopped, and making an end here, rested. BOOK IV
Lines 1-53 Dido and Anna Discuss Aeneas At regina graui iamdudum saucia cura But the queen, wounded long since by intense love, uulnus alit uenis et caeco carpitur igni. feeds the hurt with her life-blood, weakened by multa uiri uirtus animo multusque recursat hidden fire. The hero's courage often returns to gentis honos; haerent infixi pectore uultus mind, and the nobility of his race: his features and uerbaque nec placidam membris dat cura quietem. his words cling fixedly to her heart, and love will 5 not grant restful calm to her body. The new day's postera Phoebea lustrabat lampade terras Dawn was lighting the earth with Phoebus's umentemque Aurora polo dimouerat umbram, brightness, and dispelling the dew-wet shadows cum sic unanimam adloquitur male sana sororem: from the sky, when she spoke ecstatically to her 'Anna soror, quae me suspensam insomnia terrent! sister, her kindred spirit: "Anna, sister, how my quis nouus hic nostris successit sedibus hospes, 10 dreams terrify me with anxieties! Who is this quem sese ore ferens, quam forti pectore et armis! strange guest who has entered our house, with what credo equidem, nec uana fides, genus esse deorum. boldness he speaks, how resolute in mind and degeneres animos timor arguit. heu, quibus ille warfare! Truly I think – and it's no idle saying – iactatus fatis! quae bella exhausta canebat! that he's born of a goddess. Fear reveals the ignoble si mihi non animo fixum immotumque sederet 15 spirit. Alas! What misfortunes test him! What ne cui me uinclo uellem sociare iugali, battles he spoke of, that he has undergone! If my postquam primus amor deceptam morte fefellit; mind was not set, fixedly and immovably, never to si non pertaesum thalami taedaeque fuisset, join myself with any man in the bonds of marriage, huic uni forsan potui succumbere culpae. because first-love betrayed me, cheated me through Anna (fatebor enim) miseri post fata Sychaei 20 dying: if I were not wearied by marriage and bridal- coniugis et sparsos fraterna caede penatis beds, perhaps I might succumb to this one solus hic inflexit sensus animumque labantem temptation. Anna, yes I confess, since my poor impulit. agnosco ueteris uestigia flammae. husband Sychaeus's death when the altars were sed mihi uel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat blood-stained by my murderous brother, he's the uel pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras, only man who's stirred my senses, troubled my 25 wavering mind. I know the traces of the ancient pallentis umbras Erebo noctemque profundam, flame. But I pray rather that earth might gape wide ante, pudor, quam te uiolo aut tua iura resoluo. for me, to its depths, or the all-powerful father hurl ille meos, primus qui me sibi iunxit, amores me with his lightning-bolt down to the shadows, to abstulit; ille habeat secum seruetque sepulcro.' the pale ghosts, and deepest night of Erebus, before sic effata sinum lacrimis impleuit obortis. 30 I violate you, Honour, or break your laws. He who Anna refert: 'o luce magis dilecta sorori, first took me to himself has stolen my love: let him solane perpetua maerens carpere iuuenta keep it with him, and guard it in his grave." So nec dulcis natos Ueneris nec praemia noris? saying her breast swelled with her rising tears. id cinerem aut manis credis curare sepultos? Anna replied: "O you, who are more beloved to esto: aegram nulli quondam flexere mariti, 35 your sister than the light, will you wear your whole non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Iarbas youth away in loneliness and grief, and not know ductoresque alii, quos Africa terra triumphis Venus's sweet gifts or her children? Do you think diues alit: placitone etiam pugnabis amori? that ashes or sepulchral spirits care? Granted that in nec uenit in mentem quorum consederis aruis? Libya or Tyre before it, no suitor ever dissuaded hinc Gaetulae urbes, genus insuperabile bello, 40 you from sorrowing: and Iarbas and the other lords et Numidae infreni cingunt et inhospita Syrtis; whom the African soil, rich in fame, bears, were hinc deserta siti regio lateque furentes scorned: will you still struggle against a love that Barcaei. quid bella Tyro surgentia dicam pleases? Do you not recall to mind in whose fields germanique minas? you settled? Here Gaetulian cities, a people dis equidem auspicibus reor et Iunone secunda 45 unsurpassed in battle, unbridled Numidians, and hunc cursum Iliacas uento tenuisse carinas. inhospitable Syrtis, surround you: there, a region of quam tu urbem, soror, hanc cernes, quae surgere dry desert, with Barcaeans raging around. And regna what of your brother's threats, and war with Tyre coniugio tali! Teucrum comitantibus armis imminent? The Trojan ships made their way here Punica se quantis attollet gloria rebus! with the wind, with gods indeed helping them I tu modo posce deos ueniam, sacrisque litatis 50 think, and with Juno's favour. What a city you'll see indulge hospitio causasque innecte morandi, here, sister, what a kingdom rise, with such a dum pelago desaeuit hiems et aquosus Orion, husband! With a Trojan army marching with us, quassataeque rates, dum non tractabile caelum.' with what great actions Punic glory will soar! Only ask the gods for their help, and, propitiating them with sacrifice, indulge your guest, spin reasons for delay, while winter, and stormy Orion, rage at sea, while the ships are damaged, and the skies are hostile." Lines 54-89 Dido in Love His dictis impenso animum flammauit amore By saying this she inflames the queen's burning spemque dedit dubiae menti soluitque pudorem. 55 heart with love and raises hopes in her anxious principio delubra adeunt pacemque per aras mind, and weakens her sense of shame. First they exquirunt; mactant lectas de more bidentis visit the shrines and ask for grace at the altars: they legiferae Cereri Phoeboque patrique Lyaeo, sacrifice chosen animals according to the rites, to Iunoni ante omnis, cui uincla iugalia curae. Ceres, the law-maker, and Phoebus, and father ipsa tenens dextra pateram pulcherrima Dido 60 Lycaeus, and to Juno above all, in whose care are candentis uaccae media inter cornua fundit, the marriage ties: Dido herself, supremely lovely, aut ante ora deum pinguis spatiatur ad aras, holding the cup in her hand, pours the libation instauratque diem donis, pecudumque reclusis between the horns of a white heifer or walks to the pectoribus inhians spirantia consulit exta. rich altars, before the face of the gods, celebrates heu, uatum ignarae mentes! quid uota furentem, 65 the day with gifts, and gazes into the opened chests quid delubra iuuant? est mollis flamma medullas of victims, and reads the living entrails. Ah, the interea et tacitum uiuit sub pectore uulnus. unknowing minds of seers! What use are prayers or uritur infelix Dido totaque uagatur shrines to the impassioned? Meanwhile her tender urbe furens, qualis coniecta cerua sagitta, marrow is aflame, and a silent wound is alive in her quam procul incautam nemora inter Cresia fixit 70 breast. Wretched Dido burns, and wanders frenzied pastor agens telis liquitque uolatile ferrum through the city, like an unwary deer struck by an nescius: illa fuga siluas saltusque peragrat arrow, that a shepherd hunting with his bow has Dictaeos; haeret lateri letalis harundo. fired at from a distance, in the Cretan woods, nunc media Aenean secum per moenia ducit leaving the winged steel in her, without knowing. Sidoniasque ostentat opes urbemque paratam, 75 She runs through the woods and glades of Dicte: incipit effari mediaque in uoce resistit; the lethal shaft hangs in her side. Now she leads nunc eadem labente die conuiuia quaerit, Aeneas with her round the walls showing her Iliacosque iterum demens audire labores Sidonian wealth and the city she's built: she begins exposcit pendetque iterum narrantis ab ore. to speak, and stops in mid-flow: now she longs for post ubi digressi, lumenque obscura uicissim 80 the banquet again as day wanes, yearning madly to luna premit suadentque cadentia sidera somnos, hear about the Trojan adventures once more and sola domo maeret uacua stratisque relictis hangs once more on the speaker's lips. Then when incubat. illum absens absentem auditque uidetque, they have departed, and the moon in turn has aut gremio Ascanium genitoris imagine capta quenched her light and the setting constellations detinet, infandum si fallere possit amorem. 85 urge sleep, she grieves, alone in the empty hall, and non coeptae adsurgunt turres, non arma iuuentus lies on the couch he left. Absent she hears him exercet portusue aut propugnacula bello absent, sees him, or hugs Ascanius on her lap, tuta parant: pendent opera interrupta minaeque taken with this image of his father, so as to deceive murorum ingentes aequataque machina caelo. her silent passion. The towers she started no longer rise, the young men no longer carry out their drill, or work on the harbour and the battlements for defence in war: the interrupted work is left hanging, the huge threatening walls, the sky-reaching cranes. Lines 90-128 90 Juno and Venus Quam simul ac tali persensit peste teneri 90 As soon as Juno, Jupiter's beloved wife, saw clearly cara Iouis coniunx nec famam obstare furori, that Dido was gripped by such heart-sickness, and talibus adgreditur Uenerem Saturnia dictis: her reputation no obstacle to love, she spoke to 'egregiam uero laudem et spolia ampla refertis Venus in these words: "You and that son of yours, tuque puerque tuus (magnum et memorabile certainly take the prize, and plenty of spoils: a great numen), and memorable show of divine power, whereby one una dolo diuum si femina uicta duorum est. 95 woman's trapped by the tricks of two gods. But the nec me adeo fallit ueritam te moenia nostra truth's not escaped me, you've always held the halls suspectas habuisse domos Karthaginis altae. of high Carthage under suspicion, afraid of my sed quis erit modus, aut quo nunc certamine tanto? city's defences. But where can that end? Why such quin potius pacem aeternam pactosque hymenaeos rivalry, now? Why don't we work on eternal peace exercemus? habes tota quod mente petisti: 100 instead, and a wedding pact? You've achieved all ardet amans Dido traxitque per ossa furorem. that your mind was set on: Dido's burning with communem hunc ergo populum paribusque passion, and she's drawn the madness into her very regamus bones. Let's rule these people together with equal auspiciis; liceat Phrygio seruire marito sway: let her be slave to a Trojan husband, and dotalisque tuae Tyrios permittere dextrae.' entrust her Tyrians to your hand, as the dowry." Olli (sensit enim simulata mente locutam, 105 Venus began the reply to her like this (since she quo regnum Italiae Libycas auerteret oras) knew she'd spoken with deceit in her mind to divert sic contra est ingressa Uenus: 'quis talia demens the empire from Italy's shores to Libya's): "Who'd abnuat aut tecum malit contendere bello? be mad enough to refuse such an offer or choose to si modo quod memoras factum fortuna sequatur. make war on you, so long as fate follows up what sed fatis incerta feror, si Iuppiter unam 110 you say with action? But fortune makes me esse uelit Tyriis urbem Troiaque profectis, uncertain, as to whether Jupiter wants a single city misceriue probet populos aut foedera iungi. for Tyrians and Trojan exiles, and approves the tu coniunx, tibi fas animum temptare precando. mixing of races and their joining in league together. perge, sequar.' tum sic excepit regia Iuno: You're his wife: you can test his intent by asking. 'mecum erit iste labor. nunc qua ratione quod instat Do it: I'll follow." Then royal Juno replied like this: 115 "That task's mine. Now listen and I'll tell you confieri possit, paucis (aduerte) docebo. briefly how the purpose at hand can be achieved. uenatum Aeneas unaque miserrima Dido Aeneas and poor Dido plan to go hunting together in nemus ire parant, ubi primos crastinus ortus in the woods, when the sun first shows tomorrow's extulerit Titan radiisque retexerit orbem. dawn, and reveals the world in his rays. While the his ego nigrantem commixta grandine nimbum, 120 lines are beating, and closing the thickets with nets, dum trepidant alae saltusque indagine cingunt, I'll pour down dark rain mixed with hail from the desuper infundam et tonitru caelum omne ciebo. sky, and rouse the whole heavens with my thunder. diffugient comites et nocte tegentur opaca: They'll scatter, and be lost in the dark of night: speluncam Dido dux et Troianus eandem Dido and the Trojan leader will reach the same deuenient. adero et, tua si mihi certa uoluntas, 125 cave. I'll be there, and if I'm assured of your good conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo. will, I'll join them firmly in marriage, and speak for hic hymenaeus erit.' non aduersata petenti her as his own: this will be their wedding-night." adnuit atque dolis risit Cytherea repertis. Not opposed to what she wanted, Venus agreed, and smiled to herself at the deceit she'd found. Lines 129-172 The Hunt and the Cave Oceanum interea surgens Aurora reliquit. Meanwhile Dawn surges up and leaves the ocean. it portis iubare exorto delecta iuuentus, 130 Once she has risen, the chosen men pour from the retia rara, plagae, lato uenabula ferro, gates: Massylian horsemen ride out, with wide- Massylique ruunt equites et odora canum uis. meshed nets, snares, broad-headed hunting spears, reginam thalamo cunctantem ad limina primi and a pack of keen-scented hounds. The queen Poenorum exspectant, ostroque insignis et auro lingers in her rooms, while Punic princes wait at stat sonipes ac frena ferox spumantia mandit. 135 the threshold: her horse stands there, bright in tandem progreditur magna stipante caterua purple and gold, and champs fiercely at the Sidoniam picto chlamydem circumdata limbo; foaming bit. At last she appears, with a great crowd cui pharetra ex auro, crines nodantur in aurum, around her, dressed in a Sidonian robe with an aurea purpuream subnectit fibula uestem. embroidered hem. Her quiver's of gold, her hair nec non et Phrygii comites et laetus Iulus 140 knotted with gold, a golden brooch fastens her incedunt. ipse ante alios pulcherrimus omnis purple tunic. Her Trojan friends and joyful Iulus are infert se socium Aeneas atque agmina iungit. with her: Aeneas himself, the most handsome of qualis ubi hibernam Lyciam Xanthique fluenta them all, moves forward and joins his friendly deserit ac Delum maternam inuisit Apollo troop with hers. Like Apollo, leaving behind the instauratque choros, mixtique altaria circum 145 Lycian winter, and the streams of Xanthus, and Cretesque Dryopesque fremunt pictique Agathyrsi; visiting his mother's Delos, to renew the dancing, ipse iugis Cynthi graditur mollique fluentem Cretans and Dryopes and painted Agathyrsians, fronde premit crinem fingens atque implicat auro, mingling around his altars, shouting: he himself tela sonant umeris: haud illo segnior ibat striding over the ridges of Cynthus, his hair dressed Aeneas, tantum egregio decus enitet ore. 150 with tender leaves, and clasped with gold, the postquam altos uentum in montis atque inuia lustra, weapons rattling on his shoulder: so Aeneas walks, ecce ferae saxi deiectae uertice caprae as lightly, beauty like the god's shining from his decurrere iugis; alia de parte patentis noble face. When they reach the mountain heights transmittunt cursu campos atque agmina cerui and pathless haunts, see the wild goats, disturbed puluerulenta fuga glomerant montisque relinquunt. on their stony summits, course down the slopes: in 155 another place deer speed over the open field, at puer Ascanius mediis in uallibus acri massing together in a fleeing herd among clouds of gaudet equo iamque hos cursu, iam praeterit illos, dust, leaving the hillsides behind. But the young spumantemque dari pecora inter inertia uotis Ascanius among the valleys, delights in his fiery optat aprum, aut fuluum descendere monte leonem. horse, passing this rider and that at a gallop, hoping Interea magno misceri murmure caelum 160 that amongst these harmless creatures a boar, with incipit, insequitur commixta grandine nimbus, foaming mouth, might answer his prayers, or a et Tyrii comites passim et Troiana iuuentus tawny lion, down from the mountain. Meanwhile Dardaniusque nepos Ueneris diuersa per agros the sky becomes filled with a great rumbling: rain tecta metu petiere; ruunt de montibus amnes. mixed with hail follows, and the Tyrian company speluncam Dido dux et Troianus eandem 165 and the Trojan men, with Venus's Dardan grandson, deueniunt. prima et Tellus et pronuba Iuno scatter here and there through the fields, in their dant signum; fulsere ignes et conscius aether fear, seeking shelter: torrents stream down from the conubiis summoque ulularunt uertice Nymphae. hills. Dido and the Trojan leader reach the very ille dies primus leti primusque malorum same cave. Primeval Earth and Juno of the Nuptials causa fuit; neque enim specie famaue mouetur 170 give their signal: lightning flashes, the heavens are nec iam furtiuum Dido meditatur amorem: party to their union, and the Nymphs howl on the coniugium uocat, hoc praetexit nomine culpam. mountain heights. That first day is the source of misfortune and death. Dido's no longer troubled by appearances or reputation, she no longer thinks of a secret affair: she calls it marriage: and with that name disguises her sin. Lines 173-197 Rumour Reaches Iarbas Extemplo Libyae magnas it Fama per urbes, Rumour raced at once through Libya's great cities, Fama, malum qua non aliud uelocius ullum: Rumour, compared with whom no other is as swift. mobilitate uiget uirisque adquirit eundo, 175 She flourishes by speed, and gains strength as she parua metu primo, mox sese attollit in auras goes: first limited by fear, she soon reaches into the ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila condit. sky, walks on the ground, and hides her head in the illam Terra parens ira inritata deorum clouds. Earth, incited to anger against the gods, so extremam, ut perhibent, Coeo Enceladoque they say, bore her last, a monster, vast and terrible, sororem fleet-winged and swift-footed, sister to Coeus and progenuit pedibus celerem et pernicibus alis, 180 Enceladus, who for every feather on her body has monstrum horrendum, ingens, cui quot sunt corpore as many watchful eyes below (marvellous to tell), plumae, as many tongues speaking, as many listening ears. tot uigiles oculi subter (mirabile dictu), She flies, screeching, by night through the shadows tot linguae, totidem ora sonant, tot subrigit auris. between earth and sky, never closing her eyelids in nocte uolat caeli medio terraeque per umbram sweet sleep: by day she sits on guard on tall roof- stridens, nec dulci declinat lumina somno; 185 tops or high towers, and scares great cities, as luce sedet custos aut summi culmine tecti tenacious of lies and evil, as she is messenger of turribus aut altis, et magnas territat urbes, truth. Now in delight she filled the ears of the tam ficti prauique tenax quam nuntia ueri. nations with endless gossip, singing fact and fiction haec tum multiplici populos sermone replebat alike: Aeneas has come, born of Trojan blood, a gaudens, et pariter facta atque infecta canebat: 190 man whom lovely Dido deigns to unite with: now uenisse Aenean Troiano sanguine cretum, they're spending the whole winter together in cui se pulchra uiro dignetur iungere Dido; indulgence, forgetting their royalty, trapped by nunc hiemem inter se luxu, quam longa, fouere shameless passion. The vile goddess spread this regnorum immemores turpique cupidine captos. here and there on men's lips. Immediately she haec passim dea foeda uirum diffundit in ora. 195 slanted her course towards King Iarbas and protinus ad regem cursus detorquet Iarban inflamed his mind with words and fuelled his incenditque animum dictis atque aggerat iras. anger. Lines 198-218 Iarbas Prays to Jupiter Hic Hammone satus rapta Garamantide nympha He, a son of Jupiter Ammon, by a raped templa Ioui centum latis immania regnis, Garamantian Nymph, had set up a hundred great centum aras posuit uigilemque sacrauerat ignem, temples, a hundred altars, to the god, in his broad 200 kingdom, and sanctified ever-living fires, the gods' excubias diuum aeternas, pecudumque cruore eternal guardians: the floors were soaked with pingue solum et uariis florentia limina sertis. sacrificial blood, and the thresholds flowery with isque amens animi et rumore accensus amaro mingled garlands. They say he often begged Jove dicitur ante aras media inter numina diuum humbly with upraised hands, in front of the altars, multa Iouem manibus supplex orasse supinis: 205 among the divine powers, maddened in spirit and 'Iuppiter omnipotens, cui nunc Maurusia pictis set on fire by bitter rumour: "All-powerful Jupiter, gens epulata toris Lenaeum libat honorem, to whom the Moors, on their embroidered divans, aspicis haec? an te, genitor, cum fulmina torques banqueting, now pour a Bacchic offering, do you nequiquam horremus, caecique in nubibus ignes see this? Do we shudder in vain when you hurl terrificant animos et inania murmura miscent? 210 your lightning bolts, father, and are those idle fires femina, quae nostris errans in finibus urbem in the clouds that terrify our minds, and flash exiguam pretio posuit, cui litus arandum among the empty rumblings? A woman, wandering cuique loci leges dedimus, conubia nostra within my borders, who paid to found a little town, reppulit ac dominum Aenean in regna recepit. and to whom we granted coastal lands to plough, to et nunc ille Paris cum semiuiro comitatu, 215 hold in tenure, scorns marriage with me, and takes Maeonia mentum mitra crinemque madentem Aeneas into her country as its lord. And now like subnexus, rapto potitur: nos munera templis some Paris, with his pack of eunuchs, a Phrygian quippe tuis ferimus famamque fouemus inanem.' cap, tied under his chin, on his greasy hair, he's master of what he's snatched: while I bring gifts indeed to temples, said to be yours, and cherish your empty reputation. Lines 219-278 Jupiter Sends Mercury to Aeneas Talibus orantem dictis arasque tenentem As he gripped the altar, and prayed in this way, the audiit Omnipotens, oculosque ad moenia torsit 220 All-powerful one listened, and turned his gaze regia et oblitos famae melioris amantis. towards the royal city, and the lovers forgetful of tum sic Mercurium adloquitur ac talia mandat: their true reputation. Then he spoke to Mercury and 'uade age, nate, uoca Zephyros et labere pennis commanded him so: "Off you go, my son, call the Dardaniumque ducem, Tyria Karthagine qui nunc winds and glide on your wings, and talk to the exspectat fatisque datas non respicit urbes, 225 Trojan leader who malingers in Tyrian Carthage adloquere et celeris defer mea dicta per auras. now, and gives no thought to the cities the fates non illum nobis genetrix pulcherrima talem will grant him, and carry my words there on the promisit Graiumque ideo bis uindicat armis; quick breeze. This is not what his loveliest of sed fore qui grauidam imperiis belloque frementem mothers suggested to me, nor why she rescued him Italiam regeret, genus alto a sanguine Teucri 230 twice from Greek armies: he was to be one who'd proderet, ac totum sub leges mitteret orbem. rule Italy, pregnant with empire, and crying out for si nulla accendit tantarum gloria rerum war, he'd produce a people of Teucer's high blood, nec super ipse sua molitur laude laborem, and bring the whole world under the rule of law. If Ascanione pater Romanas inuidet arces? the glory of such things doesn't inflame him, and he quid struit? aut qua spe inimica in gente moratur doesn't exert himself for his own honour, does he 235 begrudge the citadels of Rome to Ascanius? What nec prolem Ausoniam et Lauinia respicit arua? does he plan? With what hopes does he stay among nauiget! haec summa est, hic nostri nuntius esto.' alien people, forgetting Ausonia and the Lavinian Dixerat. ille patris magni parere parabat fields? Let him sail: that's it in total, let that be my imperio; et primum pedibus talaria nectit message." He finished speaking. The god prepared aurea, quae sublimem alis siue aequora supra 240 to obey his great father's order, and first fastened seu terram rapido pariter cum flamine portant. the golden sandals to his feet that carry him high on tum uirgam capit: hac animas ille euocat Orco the wing over land and sea, like the storm. Then he pallentis, alias sub Tartara tristia mittit, took up his wand: he calls pale ghosts from Orcus dat somnos adimitque, et lumina morte resignat. with it, sending others down to grim Tartarus, gives illa fretus agit uentos et turbida tranat 245 and takes away sleep, and opens the eyes of the nubila. iamque uolans apicem et latera ardua cernit dead. Relying on it, he drove the winds, and flew Atlantis duri caelum qui uertice fulcit, through the stormy clouds. Now in his flight he saw Atlantis, cinctum adsidue cui nubibus atris the steep flanks and the summit of strong Atlas, piniferum caput et uento pulsatur et imbri, who holds the heavens on his head, Atlas, whose nix umeros infusa tegit, tum flumina mento 250 pine-covered crown is always wreathed in dark praecipitant senis, et glacie riget horrida barba. clouds and lashed by the wind and rain: fallen snow hic primum paribus nitens Cyllenius alis clothes his shoulders: while rivers fall from his constitit; hinc toto praeceps se corpore ad undas ancient chin, and his rough beard bristles with ice. misit aui similis, quae circum litora, circum There Cyllenian Mercury first halted, balanced on piscosos scopulos humilis uolat aequora iuxta. 255 level wings: from there, he threw his whole body haud aliter terras inter caelumque uolabat headlong towards the waves, like a bird that flies litus harenosum ad Libyae, uentosque secabat low close to the sea, round the coasts and the rocks materno ueniens ab auo Cyllenia proles. rich in fish. So the Cyllenian-born flew between ut primum alatis tetigit magalia plantis, heaven and earth to Libya's sandy shore, cutting the Aenean fundantem arces ac tecta nouantem 260 winds, coming from Atlas, his mother Maia's conspicit. atque illi stellatus iaspide fulua father. As soon as he reached the builders' huts, on ensis erat Tyrioque ardebat murice laena his winged feet, he saw Aeneas establishing towers demissa ex umeris, diues quae munera Dido and altering roofs. His sword was starred with fecerat, et tenui telas discreuerat auro. tawny jasper, and the cloak that hung from his continuo inuadit: 'tu nunc Karthaginis altae 265 shoulder blazed with Tyrian purple, a gift that rich fundamenta locas pulchramque uxorius urbem Dido had made, weaving the cloth with golden exstruis? heu, regni rerumque oblite tuarum! thread. Mercury challenged him at once: "For love ipse deum tibi me claro demittit Olympo of a wife are you now building the foundations of regnator, caelum et terras qui numine torquet, high Carthage and a pleasing city? Alas, forgetful ipse haec ferre iubet celeris mandata per auras: 270 of your kingdom and fate! The king of the gods quid struis? aut qua spe Libycis teris otia terris? himself, who bends heaven and earth to his will, si te nulla mouet tantarum gloria rerum has sent me down to you from bright Olympus: he [nec super ipse tua moliris laude laborem,] commanded me himself to carry these words Ascanium surgentem et spes heredis Iuli through the swift breezes. What do you plan? With respice, cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus 275 what hopes do you waste idle hours in Libya's debetur.' tali Cyllenius ore locutus lands? If you're not stirred by the glory of destiny, mortalis uisus medio sermone reliquit and won't exert yourself for your own fame, think et procul in tenuem ex oculis euanuit auram. of your growing Ascanius, and the expectations of him, as Iulus your heir, to whom will be owed the kingdom of Italy, and the Roman lands." So Mercury spoke, and, while speaking, vanished from mortal eyes, and melted into thin air far from their sight. Lines 279-330 Dido Accuses Aeneas At uero Aeneas aspectu obmutuit amens, Aeneas, stupefied at the vision, was struck dumb, arrectaeque horrore comae et uox faucibus haesit. and his hair rose in terror, and his voice stuck in his 280 throat. He was eager to be gone, in flight, and leave ardet abire fuga dulcisque relinquere terras, that sweet land, shocked by the warning and the attonitus tanto monitu imperioque deorum. divine command. Alas! What to do? With what heu quid agat? quo nunc reginam ambire furentem speech dare he tackle the love-sick queen? What audeat adfatu? quae prima exordia sumat? opening words should he choose? And he cast his atque animum nunc huc celerem nunc diuidit illuc mind back and forth swiftly, considered the issue 285 from every aspect, and turned it every way. This in partisque rapit uarias perque omnia uersat. seemed the best decision, given the alternatives: he haec alternanti potior sententia uisa est: called Mnestheus, Sergestus and brave Serestus, Mnesthea Sergestumque uocat fortemque Serestum, telling them to fit out the fleet in silence, gather the classem aptent taciti sociosque ad litora cogant, men on the shore, ready the ships' tackle, and hide arma parent et quae rebus sit causa nouandis 290 the reason for these changes of plan. He in the dissimulent; sese interea, quando optima Dido meantime, since the excellent Dido knew nothing, nesciat et tantos rumpi non speret amores, and would not expect the breaking off of such a temptaturum aditus et quae mollissima fandi love, would seek an approach, the tenderest tempora, quis rebus dexter modus. ocius omnes moment to speak, and a favourable means. They all imperio laeti parent et iussa facessunt. 295 gladly obeyed his command at once, and did his At regina dolos (quis fallere possit amantem?) bidding. But the queen sensed his tricks (who can praesensit, motusque excepit prima futuros deceive a lover?) and was first to anticipate future omnia tuta timens. eadem impia Fama furenti events, fearful even of safety. That same impious detulit armari classem cursumque parari. Rumour brought her madness: they are fitting out saeuit inops animi totamque incensa per urbem 300 the fleet, and planning a journey. Her mind bacchatur, qualis commotis excita sacris weakened, she raves, and, on fire, runs wild Thyias, ubi audito stimulant trieterica Baccho through the city: like a Maenad, thrilled by the orgia nocturnusque uocat clamore Cithaeron. shaken emblems of the god, when the biennial tandem his Aenean compellat uocibus ultro: festival rouses her, and, hearing the Bacchic cry, 'dissimulare etiam sperasti, perfide, tantum 305 Mount Cithaeron summons her by night with its posse nefas tacitusque mea decedere terra? noise. Of her own accord she finally reproaches nec te noster amor nec te data dextera quondam Aeneas in these words: "Faithless one, did you nec moritura tenet crudeli funere Dido? really think you could hide such wickedness, and quin etiam hiberno moliri sidere classem vanish from my land in silence? Will my love not et mediis properas Aquilonibus ire per altum, 310 hold you, nor the pledge I once gave you, nor the crudelis? quid, si non arua aliena domosque promise that Dido will die a cruel death? Even in ignotas peteres, et Troia antiqua maneret, winter do you labour over your ships, cruel one, so Troia per undosum peteretur classibus aequor? as to sail the high seas at the height of the northern mene fugis? per ego has lacrimas dextramque tuam gales? Why? If you were not seeking foreign lands te and unknown settlements, but ancient Troy still (quando aliud mihi iam miserae nihil ipsa reliqui), stood, would Troy be sought out by your ships in 315 wave-torn seas? Is it me you run from? I beg you, per conubia nostra, per inceptos hymenaeos, by these tears, by your own right hand (since I've si bene quid de te merui, fuit aut tibi quicquam left myself no other recourse in my misery), by our dulce meum, miserere domus labentis et istam, union, by the marriage we have begun, if ever I oro, si quis adhuc precibus locus, exue mentem. deserved well of you, or anything of me was sweet te propter Libycae gentes Nomadumque tyranni to you, pity this ruined house, and if there is any 320 room left for prayer, change your mind. The Libyan odere, infensi Tyrii; te propter eundem peoples and Numidian rulers hate me because of exstinctus pudor et, qua sola sidera adibam, you: my Tyrians are hostile: because of you all fama prior. cui me moribundam deseris hospes shame too is lost, the reputation I had, by which (hoc solum nomen quoniam de coniuge restat)? alone I might reach the stars. My guest, since that's quid moror? an mea Pygmalion dum moenia frater all that is left me from the name of husband, to 325 whom do you relinquish me, a dying woman? Why destruat aut captam ducat Gaetulus Iarbas? do I stay? Until Pygmalion, my brother, destroys saltem si qua mihi de te suscepta fuisset the city, or Iarbas the Gaetulian takes me captive? ante fugam suboles, si quis mihi paruulus aula If I'd at least conceived a child of yours before you luderet Aeneas, qui te tamen ore referret, fled, if a little Aeneas were playing about my halls, non equidem omnino capta ac deserta uiderer.' 330 whose face might still recall yours, I'd not feel myself so utterly deceived and forsaken." Lines 331-361 Aeneas Justifies Himself Dixerat. ille Iouis monitis immota tenebat She had spoken. He set his gaze firmly on Jupiter's lumina et obnixus curam sub corde premebat. warnings, and hid his pain steadfastly in his heart. tandem pauca refert: 'ego te, quae plurima fando He replied briefly at last: "O queen, I will never enumerare uales, numquam, regina, negabo deny that you deserve the most that can be spelt out promeritam, nec me meminisse pigebit Elissae 335 in speech, nor will I regret my thoughts of you, dum memor ipse mei, dum spiritus hos regit artus. Elissa, while memory itself is mine, and breath pro re pauca loquar. neque ego hanc abscondere controls these limbs. I'll speak about the reality a furto little. I did not expect to conceal my departure by speraui (ne finge) fugam, nec coniugis umquam stealth (don't think that), nor have I ever held the praetendi taedas aut haec in foedera ueni. marriage torch, or entered into that pact. If the fates me si fata meis paterentur ducere uitam 340 had allowed me to live my life under my own auspiciis et sponte mea componere curas, auspices, and attend to my own concerns as I urbem Troianam primum dulcisque meorum wished, I should first have cared for the city of reliquias colerem, Priami tecta alta manerent, Troy and the sweet relics of my family, Priam's et recidiua manu posuissem Pergama uictis. high roofs would remain, and I'd have recreated sed nunc Italiam magnam Gryneus Apollo, 345 Pergama, with my own hands, for the defeated. But Italiam Lyciae iussere capessere sortes; now it is Italy that Apollo of Grynium, Italy, that hic amor, haec patria est. si te Karthaginis arces the Lycian oracles, order me to take: that is my Phoenissam Libycaeque aspectus detinet urbis, desire, that is my country. If the turrets of Carthage quae tandem Ausonia Teucros considere terra and the sight of your Libyan city occupy you, a inuidia est? et nos fas extera quaerere regna. 350 Phoenician, why then begrudge the Trojans their me patris Anchisae, quotiens umentibus umbris settling of Ausonia's lands? It is right for us too to nox operit terras, quotiens astra ignea surgunt, search out a foreign kingdom. As often as night admonet in somnis et turbida terret imago; cloaks the earth with dew-wet shadows, as often as me puer Ascanius capitisque iniuria cari, the burning constellations rise, the troubled image quem regno Hesperiae fraudo et fatalibus aruis. 355 of my father Anchises warns and terrifies me in nunc etiam interpres diuum Ioue missus ab ipso dream: about my son Ascanius and the wrong to so (testor utrumque caput) celeris mandata per auras dear a person, whom I cheat of a Hesperian detulit: ipse deum manifesto in lumine uidi kingdom, and pre-destined fields. Now even the intrantem muros uocemque his auribus hausi. messenger of the gods, sent by Jupiter himself, (I desine meque tuis incendere teque querelis; 360 swear it on both our heads), has brought the Italiam non sponte sequor.' command on the swift breeze: I saw the god himself in broad daylight enter the city and these very ears drank of his words. Stop rousing yourself and me with your complaints. I do not take course for Italy of my own free will." Lines 362-392 Dido's Reply Talia dicentem iamdudum auersa tuetur As he was speaking she gazed at him with hostility, huc illuc uoluens oculos totumque pererrat casting her eyes here and there, considering the luminibus tacitis et sic accensa profatur: whole man with a silent stare, and then, incensed, 'nec tibi diua parens generis nec Dardanus auctor, she spoke: "Deceiver, your mother was no goddess, 365 nor was Dardanus the father of your race: harsh perfide, sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens Caucasus engendered you on the rough crags, and Caucasus Hyrcanaeque admorunt ubera tigres. Hyrcanian tigers nursed you. Why pretend now, or nam quid dissimulo aut quae me ad maiora restrain myself waiting for something worse? Did reseruo? he groan at my weeping? Did he look at me? Did num fletu ingemuit nostro? num lumina flexit? he shed tears in defeat, or pity his lover? What is num lacrimas uictus dedit aut miseratus amantem there to say after this? Now neither greatest Juno, est? 370 indeed, nor Jupiter, son of Saturn, are gazing at this quae quibus anteferam? iam iam nec maxima Iuno with friendly eyes. Nowhere is truth safe. I nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis. welcomed him as a castaway on the shore, a nusquam tuta fides. eiectum litore, egentem beggar, and foolishly gave away a part of my excepi et regni demens in parte locaui. kingdom: I saved his lost fleet, and his friends from amissam classem, socios a morte reduxi 375 death. Ah! Driven by the Furies, I burn: now (heu furiis incensa feror!): nunc augur Apollo, prophetic Apollo, now the Lycian oracles, now nunc Lyciae sortes, nunc et Ioue missus ab ipso even a divine messenger sent by Jove himself interpres diuum fert horrida iussa per auras. carries his orders through the air. This is the work scilicet is superis labor est, ea cura quietos of the gods indeed, this is a concern to trouble their sollicitat. neque te teneo neque dicta refello: 380 calm. I do not hold you back, or refute your words: i, sequere Italiam uentis, pete regna per undas. go, seek Italy on the winds, find your kingdom over spero equidem mediis, si quid pia numina possunt, the waves. Yet if the virtuous gods have power, I supplicia hausurum scopulis et nomine Dido hope that you will drain the cup of suffering among saepe uocaturum. sequar atris ignibus absens the reefs, and call out Dido's name again and again. et, cum frigida mors anima seduxerit artus, 385 Absent, I'll follow you with dark fires, and when omnibus umbra locis adero. dabis, improbe, icy death has divided my soul and body, my ghost poenas. will be present everywhere. Cruel one, you'll be audiam et haec Manis ueniet mihi fama sub imos.' punished. I'll hear of it: that news will reach me in his medium dictis sermonem abrumpit et auras the depths of Hades." Saying this, she broke off her aegra fugit seque ex oculis auertit et aufert, speech mid-flight, and fled the light in pain, turning linquens multa metu cunctantem et multa parantem from his eyes, and going, leaving him fearful and 390 hesitant, ready to say more. Her servants received dicere. suscipiunt famulae conlapsaque membra her and carried her failing body to her marble marmoreo referunt thalamo stratisque reponunt. chamber, and laid her on her bed. Lines 393-449 Aeneas Departs At pius Aeneas, quamquam lenire dolentem But dutiful Aeneas, though he desired to ease her solando cupit et dictis auertere curas, sadness by comforting her and to turn aside pain multa gemens magnoque animum labefactus amore with words, still, with much sighing, and a heart 395 shaken by the strength of her love, followed the iussa tamen diuum exsequitur classemque reuisit. divine command, and returned to the fleet. Then the tum uero Teucri incumbunt et litore celsas Trojans truly set to work and launched the tall ships deducunt toto nauis. natat uncta carina, all along the shore. They floated the resinous keels, frondentisque ferunt remos et robora siluis and ready for flight, they brought leafy branches infabricata fugae studio. 400 and untrimmed trunks, from the woods, as oars. migrantis cernas totaque ex urbe ruentis: You could see them hurrying and moving from ac uelut ingentem formicae farris aceruum every part of the city. Like ants that plunder a vast cum populant hiemis memores tectoque reponunt, heap of grain, and store it in their nest, mindful of it nigrum campis agmen praedamque per herbas winter: a dark column goes through the fields, and conuectant calle angusto; pars grandia trudunt 405 they carry their spoils along a narrow track through obnixae frumenta umeris, pars agmina cogunt the grass: some heave with their shoulders against a castigantque moras, opere omnis semita feruet. large seed, and push, others tighten the ranks and quis tibi tum, Dido, cernenti talia sensus, punish delay, the whole path's alive with work. quosue dabas gemitus, cum litora feruere late What were your feelings Dido at such sights, what prospiceres arce ex summa, totumque uideres 410 sighs did you give, watching the shore from the misceri ante oculos tantis clamoribus aequor! heights of the citadel, everywhere alive, and seeing improbe Amor, quid non mortalia pectora cogis! the whole sea, before your eyes, confused with ire iterum in lacrimas, iterum temptare precando such cries! Cruel Love, to what do you not drive cogitur et supplex animos summittere amori, the human heart: to burst into tears once more, to ne quid inexpertum frustra moritura relinquat. 415 see once more if he can be compelled by prayers, to 'Anna, uides toto properari litore circum: humbly submit to love, lest she leave anything undique conuenere; uocat iam carbasus auras, untried, dying in vain. "Anna, you see them puppibus et laeti nautae imposuere coronas. scurrying all round the shore: they've come from hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, everywhere: the canvas already invites the breeze, et perferre, soror, potero. miserae hoc tamen unum and the sailors, delighted, have set garlands on the 420 sterns. If I was able to foresee this great grief, exsequere, Anna, mihi; solam nam perfidus ille sister, then I'll be able to endure it too. Yet still do te colere, arcanos etiam tibi credere sensus; one thing for me in my misery, Anna: since the sola uiri mollis aditus et tempora noras. deceiver cultivated only you, even trusting you i, soror, atque hostem supplex adfare superbum: with his private thoughts: and only you know the non ego cum Danais Troianam exscindere gentem time to approach the man easily. Go, sister, and 425 speak humbly to my proud enemy. I never took the Aulide iuraui classemue ad Pergama misi, oath, with the Greeks at Aulis, to destroy the Trojan nec patris Anchisae cinerem manisue reuelli: race, or sent a fleet to Pergama, or disturbed the cur mea dicta negat duras demittere in auris? ashes and ghost of his father Anchises: why does he quo ruit? extremum hoc miserae det munus amanti: pitilessly deny my words access to his hearing? exspectet facilemque fugam uentosque ferentis. 430 Where does he run to? Let him give his poor lover non iam coniugium antiquum, quod prodidit, oro, this last gift: let him wait for an easy voyage and nec pulchro ut Latio careat regnumque relinquat: favourable winds. I don't beg now for our former tempus inane peto, requiem spatiumque furori, tie, that he has betrayed, nor that he give up his dum mea me uictam doceat fortuna dolere. beautiful Latium, and abandon his kingdom: I ask extremam hanc oro ueniam (miserere sororis), 435 for insubstantial time: peace and space for my quam mihi cum dederit cumulatam morte passion, while fate teaches my beaten spirit to remittam.' grieve. I beg for this last favour (pity your sister): Talibus orabat, talisque miserrima fletus when he has granted it me, I'll repay all by dying." fertque refertque soror. sed nullis ille mouetur Such are the prayers she made, and such are those fletibus aut uoces ullas tractabilis audit; her unhappy sister carried and re-carried. But he fata obstant placidasque uiri deus obstruit auris. was not moved by tears, and listened to no words 440 receptively: Fate barred the way, and a god sealed ac uelut annoso ualidam cum robore quercum the hero's gentle hearing. As when northerly blasts Alpini Boreae nunc hinc nunc flatibus illinc from the Alps blowing here and there vie together eruere inter se certant; it stridor, et altae to uproot an oak tree, tough with the strength of consternunt terram concusso stipite frondes; years: there's a creak, and the trunk quivers and the ipsa haeret scopulis et quantum uertice ad auras topmost leaves strew the ground: but it clings to the 445 rocks, and its roots stretch as far down to Tartarus aetherias, tantum radice in Tartara tendit: as its crown does towards the heavens: so the hero haud secus adsiduis hinc atque hinc uocibus heros was buffeted by endless pleas from this side and tunditur, et magno persentit pectore curas; that, and felt the pain in his noble heart. His mens immota manet, lacrimae uoluuntur inanes. purpose remained fixed: tears fell uselessly. Lines 450-503 Dido Resolves to Die Tum uero infelix fatis exterrita Dido 450 Then the unhappy Dido, truly appalled by her fate, mortem orat; taedet caeli conuexa tueri. prayed for death: she was weary of gazing at the quo magis inceptum peragat lucemque relinquat, vault of heaven. And that she might complete her uidit, turicremis cum dona imponeret aris, purpose, and relinquish the light more readily, (horrendum dictu) latices nigrescere sacros when she placed her offerings on the altar alight fusaque in obscenum se uertere uina cruorem; 455 with incense, she saw (terrible to speak of!) the hoc uisum nulli, non ipsi effata sorori. holy water blacken, and the wine she had poured praeterea fuit in tectis de marmore templum change to vile blood. She spoke of this vision to no coniugis antiqui, miro quod honore colebat, one, not even her sister. There was a marble shrine uelleribus niueis et festa fronde reuinctum: to her former husband in the palace, that she'd hinc exaudiri uoces et uerba uocantis 460 decked out, also, with marvellous beauty, with uisa uiri, nox cum terras obscura teneret, snow-white fleeces, and festive greenery: from it solaque culminibus ferali carmine bubo she seemed to hear voices and her husband's words saepe queri et longas in fletum ducere uoces; calling her, when dark night gripped the earth: and multaque praeterea uatum praedicta priorum the lonely owl on the roofs often grieved with ill- terribili monitu horrificant. agit ipse furentem 465 omened cries, drawing out its long call in a lament: in somnis ferus Aeneas, semperque relinqui and many a prophecy of the ancient seers terrified sola sibi, semper longam incomitata uidetur her with its dreadful warning. Harsh Aeneas ire uiam et Tyrios deserta quaerere terra, himself persecuted her, in her crazed sleep: always Eumenidum ueluti demens uidet agmina Pentheus she was forsaken, alone with herself, always she et solem geminum et duplices se ostendere Thebas, seemed to be travelling companionless on some 470 long journey, seeking her Tyrian people in a aut Agamemnonius scaenis agitatus Orestes, deserted landscape: like Pentheus, deranged, seeing armatam facibus matrem et serpentibus atris the Furies file past, and twin suns and a twin cum fugit ultricesque sedent in limine Dirae. Thebes revealed to view, or like Agamemnon's son Ergo ubi concepit furias euicta dolore Orestes driven across the stage when he flees his decreuitque mori, tempus secum ipsa modumque mother's ghost armed with firebrands and black 475 snakes, while the avenging Furies crouch on the exigit, et maestam dictis adgressa sororem threshold. So that when, overcome by anguish, she consilium uultu tegit ac spem fronte serenat: harboured the madness, and determined on death, 'inueni, germana, uiam (gratare sorori) she debated with herself over the time and the quae mihi reddat eum uel eo me soluat amantem. method, and going to her sorrowful sister with a Oceani finem iuxta solemque cadentem 480 face that concealed her intent, calm, with hope on ultimus Aethiopum locus est, ubi maximus Atlas her brow, said: "Sister, I've found a way (rejoice axem umero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum: with your sister) that will return him to me, or free hinc mihi Massylae gentis monstrata sacerdos, me from loving him. Near the ends of the Ocean Hesperidum templi custos, epulasque draconi and where the sun sets Ethiopia lies, the furthest of quae dabat et sacros seruabat in arbore ramos, 485 lands, where Atlas, mightiest of all, turns the sky spargens umida mella soporiferumque papauer. set with shining stars: I've been told of a priestess, haec se carminibus promittit soluere mentes of Massylian race, there, a keeper of the temple of quas uelit, ast aliis duras immittere curas, the Hesperides, who gave the dragon its food, and sistere aquam fluuiis et uertere sidera retro, guarded the holy branches of the tree, scattering the nocturnosque mouet Manis: mugire uidebis 490 honeydew and sleep-inducing poppies. With her sub pedibus terram et descendere montibus ornos. incantations she promises to set free what hearts testor, cara, deos et te, germana, tuumque she wishes, but bring cruel pain to others: to stop dulce caput, magicas inuitam accingier artis. the rivers flowing, and turn back the stars: she tu secreta pyram tecto interiore sub auras wakes nocturnal Spirits: you'll see earth yawn erige, et arma uiri thalamo quae fixa reliquit 495 under your feet, and the ash trees march from the impius exuuiasque omnis lectumque iugalem, hills. You, and the gods, and your sweet life, are quo perii, super imponas: abolere nefandi witness, dear sister, that I arm myself with magic cuncta uiri monimenta iuuat monstratque sacerdos.' arts unwillingly. Build a pyre, secretly, in an inner haec effata silet, pallor simul occupat ora. courtyard, open to the sky, and place the weapons non tamen Anna nouis praetexere funera sacris 500 on it which that impious man left hanging in my germanam credit, nec tantos mente furores room, and the clothes, and the bridal bed that undid concipit aut grauiora timet quam morte Sychaei. me: I want to destroy all memories of that wicked ergo iussa parat. man, and the priestess commends it." Saying this she fell silent: at the same time a pallor spread over her face. Anna did not yet realise that her sister was disguising her own funeral with these strange rites, her mind could not conceive of such intensity, and she feared nothing more serious than when Sychaeus died. So she prepared what was demanded. Lines 504-553 Dido Laments At regina, pyra penetrali in sede sub auras But when the pyre of cut pine and oak was raised erecta ingenti taedis atque ilice secta, 505 high, in an innermost court open to the sky, the intenditque locum sertis et fronde coronat queen hung the place with garlands, and wreathed it funerea; super exuuias ensemque relictum with funereal foliage: she laid his sword and effigiemque toro locat haud ignara futuri. clothes and picture on the bed, not unmindful of the stant arae circum et crinis effusa sacerdos ending. Altars stand round about, and the priestess, ter centum tonat ore deos, Erebumque Chaosque with loosened hair, intoned the names of three 510 hundred gods, of Erebus, Chaos, and the triple tergeminamque Hecaten, tria uirginis ora Dianae. Hecate, the three faces of virgin Diana. And she sparserat et latices simulatos fontis Auerni, sprinkled water signifying the founts of Avernus: falcibus et messae ad lunam quaeruntur aenis there were herbs too acquired by moonlight, cut pubentes herbae nigri cum lacte ueneni; with a bronze sickle, moist with the milk of dark quaeritur et nascentis equi de fronte reuulsus 515 venom: and a caul acquired by tearing it from a et matri praereptus amor. newborn colt's brow, forestalling the mother's love. ipsa mola manibusque piis altaria iuxta She herself, near the altars, with sacred grain in unum exuta pedem uinclis, in ueste recincta, purified hands, one foot free of constraint, her testatur moritura deos et conscia fati clothing loosened, called on the gods to witness her sidera; tum, si quod non aequo foedere amantis 520 coming death, and on the stars conscious of fate: curae numen habet iustumque memorque, precatur. then she prayed to whatever just and attentive Nox erat et placidum carpebant fessa soporem power there might be, that cares for unrequited corpora per terras, siluaeque et saeua quierant lovers. It was night, and everywhere weary aequora, cum medio uoluuntur sidera lapsu, creatures were enjoying peaceful sleep, the woods cum tacet omnis ager, pecudes pictaeque uolucres, and the savage waves were resting, while stars 525 wheeled midway in their gliding orbit, while all the quaeque lacus late liquidos quaeque aspera dumis fields were still, and beasts and colourful birds, rura tenent, somno positae sub nocte silenti. those that live on wide scattered lakes, and those at non infelix animi Phoenissa, neque umquam 529 that live in rough country among the thorn-bushes, soluitur in somnos oculisue aut pectore noctem were sunk in sleep in the silent night. But not the accipit: ingeminant curae rursusque resurgens Phoenician, unhappy in spirit, she did not relax in saeuit amor magnoque irarum fluctuat aestu. sleep, or receive the darkness into her eyes and sic adeo insistit secumque ita corde uolutat: breast: her cares redoubled, and passion, alive once 'en, quid ago? rursusne procos inrisa priores more, raged, and she swelled with a great tide of experiar, Nomadumque petam conubia supplex, anger. So she began in this way turning it over 535 alone in her heart: "See, what can I do? Be mocked quos ego sim totiens iam dedignata maritos? trying my former suitors, seeking marriage humbly Iliacas igitur classis atque ultima Teucrum with Numidians whom I have already disdained so iussa sequar? quiane auxilio iuuat ante leuatos many times as husbands? Shall I follow the Trojan et bene apud memores ueteris stat gratia facti? fleet then and that Teucrian's every whim? Because quis me autem, fac uelle, sinet ratibusue superbis they might delight in having been helped by my 540 previous aid, or because gratitude for past deeds inuisam accipiet? nescis heu, perdita, necdum might remain truly fixed in their memories? Indeed Laomedonteae sentis periuria gentis? who, given I wanted to, would let me, or would quid tum? sola fuga nautas comitabor ouantis? take one they hate on board their proud ships? Ah, an Tyriis omnique manu stipata meorum lost girl, do you not know or feel yet the treachery inferar et, quos Sidonia uix urbe reuelli, 545 of Laomedon's race? What then? Shall I go alone, rursus agam pelago et uentis dare uela iubebo? accompanying triumphant sailors? Or with all my quin morere ut merita es, ferroque auerte dolorem. band of Tyrians clustered round me? Shall I again tu lacrimis euicta meis, tu prima furentem drive my men to sea in pursuit, those whom I could his, germana, malis oneras atque obicis hosti. barely tear away from their Sidonian city, and order non licuit thalami expertem sine crimine uitam 550 them to spread their sails to the wind? Rather die, degere more ferae, talis nec tangere curas; as you deserve, and turn away sorrow with steel. non seruata fides cineri promissa Sychaeo.' You, my sister, conquered by my tears, in my Tantos illa suo rumpebat pectore questus: madness, you first burdened me with these ills, and exposed me to my enemy. I was not allowed to pass my life without blame, free of marriage, in the manner of some wild creature, never knowing such pain: I have not kept the vow I made to Sychaeus's ashes." Such was the lament that burst from her heart. Lines 554-583 Mercury Visits Aeneas Again Aeneas celsa in puppi iam certus eundi Now that everything was ready, and he was carpebat somnos rebus iam rite paratis. 555 resolved on going, Aeneas was snatching some huic se forma dei uultu redeuntis eodem sleep, on the ship's high stern. That vision appeared obtulit in somnis rursusque ita uisa monere est, again in dream admonishing him, similar to omnia Mercurio similis, uocemque coloremque Mercury in every way, voice and colouring, golden et crinis flauos et membra decora iuuenta: hair, and youth's graceful limbs: "Son of the 'nate dea, potes hoc sub casu ducere somnos, 560 Goddess, can you consider sleep in this disaster, nec quae te circum stent deinde pericula cernis, can't you see the danger of it that surrounds you, demens, nec Zephyros audis spirare secundos? madman or hear the favourable west winds illa dolos dirumque nefas in pectore uersat blowing? Determined to die, she broods on mortal certa mori, uariosque irarum concitat aestus. deceit and sin, and is tossed about on anger's non fugis hinc praeceps, dum praecipitare potestas? volatile flood. Won't you flee from here, in haste, 565 while you can hasten? Soon you'll see the water iam mare turbari trabibus saeuasque uidebis crowded with ships, cruel firebrands burning, soon conlucere faces, iam feruere litora flammis, the shore will rage with flame, if the Dawn finds si te his attigerit terris Aurora morantem. you lingering in these lands. Come, now, end your heia age, rumpe moras. uarium et mutabile semper delay! Woman is ever fickle and changeable." So femina.' sic fatus nocti se immiscuit atrae. 570 he spoke, and blended with night's darkness. Then Tum uero Aeneas subitis exterritus umbris Aeneas, terrified indeed by the sudden apparition, corripit e somno corpus sociosque fatigat roused his body from sleep, and called to his praecipitis: 'uigilate, uiri, et considite transtris; friends: "Quick, men, awake, and man the rowing- soluite uela citi. deus aethere missus ab alto benches: run and loosen the sails. Know that a god, festinare fugam tortosque incidere funis 575 sent from the heavens, urges us again to speed our ecce iterum instimulat. sequimur te, sancte deorum, flight, and cut the twisted hawsers. We follow you, quisquis es, imperioque iterum paremus ouantes. whoever you may be, sacred among the gods, and adsis o placidusque iuues et sidera caelo gladly obey your commands once more. Oh, be dextra feras.' dixit uaginaque eripit ensem with us, calm one, help us, and show stars fulmineum strictoque ferit retinacula ferro. 580 favourable to us in the sky." He spoke, and idem omnis simul ardor habet, rapiuntque ruuntque; snatched his shining sword from its sheath, and litora deseruere, latet sub classibus aequor, struck the cable with the naked blade. All were adnixi torquent spumas et caerula uerrunt. possessed at once with the same ardour: They snatched up their goods, and ran: abandoning the shore: the water was clothed with ships: setting to, they churned the foam and swept the blue waves. Lines 584-629 Dido's Curse Et iam prima nouo spargebat lumine terras And now, at dawn, Aurora, leaving Tithonus's Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile. 585 saffron bed, was scattering fresh daylight over the regina e speculis ut primam albescere lucem earth. As soon as the queen saw the day whiten, uidit et aequatis classem procedere uelis, from her tower, and the fleet sailing off under full litoraque et uacuos sensit sine remige portus, canvas, and realised the shore and harbour were terque quaterque manu pectus percussa decorum empty of oarsmen, she struck her lovely breast flauentisque abscissa comas 'pro Iuppiter! ibit 590 three or four times with her hand, and tearing at her hic,' ait 'et nostris inluserit aduena regnis? golden hair, said: "Ah, Jupiter, is he to leave, is a non arma expedient totaque ex urbe sequentur, foreigner to pour scorn on our kingdom? Shall my diripientque rates alii naualibus? ite, Tyrians ready their armour, and follow them out of ferte citi flammas, date tela, impellite remos! the city, and others drag our ships from their quid loquor? aut ubi sum? quae mentem insania docks? Go, bring fire quickly, hand out the mutat? 595 weapons, drive the oars! What am I saying? Where infelix Dido, nunc te facta impia tangunt? am I? What madness twists my thoughts? Wretched tum decuit, cum sceptra dabas. en dextra fidesque, Dido, is it now that your impious actions hurt you? quem secum patrios aiunt portare penatis, The right time was then, when you gave him the quem subiisse umeris confectum aetate parentem! crown. So this is the word and loyalty of the man non potui abreptum diuellere corpus et undis 600 whom they say bears his father's gods around, of spargere? non socios, non ipsum absumere ferro the man who carried his age-worn father on his Ascanium patriisque epulandum ponere mensis? shoulders? Couldn't I have seized hold of him, torn uerum anceps pugnae fuerat fortuna. fuisset: his body apart, and scattered him on the waves? quem metui moritura? faces in castra tulissem And put his friends to the sword, and Ascanius implessemque foros flammis natumque patremque even, to feast on, as a course at his father's table? 605 True the fortunes of war are uncertain. Let them be cum genere exstinxem, memet super ipsa dedissem. so: as one about to die, whom had I to fear? I Sol, qui terrarum flammis opera omnia lustras, should have set fire to his camp, filled the decks tuque harum interpres curarum et conscia Iuno, with flames, and extinguishing father and son, and nocturnisque Hecate triuiis ululata per urbes their whole race, given up my own life as well. O et Dirae ultrices et di morientis Elissae, 610 Sun, you who illuminate all the works of this accipite haec, meritumque malis aduertite numen world, and you Juno, interpreter and knower of all et nostras audite preces. si tangere portus my pain, and Hecate howled to, in cities, at infandum caput ac terris adnare necesse est, midnight crossroads, you, avenging Furies, and et sic fata Iouis poscunt, hic terminus haeret, you, gods of dying Elissa, acknowledge this, direct at bello audacis populi uexatus et armis, 615 your righteous will to my troubles, and hear my finibus extorris, complexu auulsus Iuli prayer. If it must be that the accursed one should auxilium imploret uideatque indigna suorum reach the harbour, and sail to the shore: if Jove's funera; nec, cum se sub leges pacis iniquae destiny for him requires it, there his goal: still, tradiderit, regno aut optata luce fruatur, troubled in war by the armies of a proud race, sed cadat ante diem mediaque inhumatus harena. exiled from his territories, torn from Iulus's 620 embrace, let him beg help, and watch the shameful haec precor, hanc uocem extremam cum sanguine death of his people: then, when he has surrendered, fundo. to a peace without justice, may he not enjoy his tum uos, o Tyrii, stirpem et genus omne futurum kingdom or the days he longed for, but let him die exercete odiis, cinerique haec mittite nostro before his time, and lie unburied on the sand. This I munera. nullus amor populis nec foedera sunto. pray, these last words I pour out with my blood. exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor 625 Then, O Tyrians, pursue my hatred against his qui face Dardanios ferroque sequare colonos, whole line and the race to come, and offer it as a nunc, olim, quocumque dabunt se tempore uires. tribute to my ashes. Let there be no love or treaties litora litoribus contraria, fluctibus undas between our peoples. Rise, some unknown avenger, imprecor, arma armis: pugnent ipsique nepotesque.' from my dust, who will pursue the Trojan colonists with fire and sword, now, or in time to come, whenever the strength is granted him. I pray that shore be opposed to shore, water to wave, weapon to weapon: let them fight, them and their descendants." Lines 630-705 The Death of Dido Haec ait, et partis animum uersabat in omnis, 630 She spoke, and turned her thoughts this way and inuisam quaerens quam primum abrumpere lucem. that, considering how to destroy her hateful life. tum breuiter Barcen nutricem adfata Sychaei, Then she spoke briefly to Barce, Sychaeus's nurse, namque suam patria antiqua cinis ater habebat: since dark ashes concealed her own, in her former 'Annam, cara mihi nutrix, huc siste sororem: country: "Dear nurse, bring my sister Anna here: dic corpus properet fluuiali spargere lympha, 635 tell her to hurry, and sprinkle herself with water et pecudes secum et monstrata piacula ducat. from the river, and bring the sacrificial victims and sic ueniat, tuque ipsa pia tege tempora uitta. noble offerings. Let her come, and you yourself sacra Ioui Stygio, quae rite incepta paraui, veil your brow with sacred ribbons. My purpose is perficere est animus finemque imponere curis to complete the rites of Stygian Jupiter, that I Dardaniique rogum capitis permittere flammae.' commanded, and have duly begun, and put an end 640 to sorrow, and entrust the pyre of that Trojan leader sic ait. illa gradum studio celebrabat anili. to the flames." So she said. The old woman at trepida et coeptis immanibus effera Dido zealously hastened her steps. But Dido restless, sanguineam uoluens aciem, maculisque trementis wild with desperate purpose, rolling her bloodshot interfusa genas et pallida morte futura, eyes, her trembling cheeks stained with red flushes, interiora domus inrumpit limina et altos 645 yet pallid at approaching death, rushed into the conscendit furibunda rogos ensemque recludit house through its inner threshold, furiously climbed Dardanium, non hos quaesitum munus in usus. the tall funeral pyre, and unsheathed a Trojan hic, postquam Iliacas uestis notumque cubile sword, a gift that was never acquired to this end. conspexit, paulum lacrimis et mente morata Then as she saw the Ilian clothing and the familiar incubuitque toro dixitque nouissima uerba: 650 couch, she lingered a while, in tears and thought, 'dulces exuuiae, dum fata deusque sinebat, then cast herself on the bed, and spoke her last accipite hanc animam meque his exsoluite curis. words: "Reminders, sweet while fate and the god uixi et quem dederat cursum Fortuna peregi, allowed it, accept this soul, and loose me from my et nunc magna mei sub terras ibit imago. sorrows. I have lived, and I have completed the urbem praeclaram statui, mea moenia uidi, 655 course that Fortune granted, and now my noble ulta uirum poenas inimico a fratre recepi, spirit will pass beneath the earth. I have built a felix, heu nimium felix, si litora tantum bright city: I have seen its battlements, avenging a numquam Dardaniae tetigissent nostra carinae.' husband I have exacted punishment on a hostile dixit, et os impressa toro 'moriemur inultae, brother, happy, ah, happy indeed if Trojan keels sed moriamur' ait. 'sic, sic iuuat ire sub umbras. 660 had never touched my shores!" She spoke, and hauriat hunc oculis ignem crudelis ab alto buried her face in the couch. "I shall die un- Dardanus, et nostrae secum ferat omina mortis.' avenged, but let me die," she cried. "So, so I joy in dixerat, atque illam media inter talia ferro travelling into the shadows. Let the cruel Trojan's conlapsam aspiciunt comites, ensemque cruore eyes drink in this fire, on the deep, and bear with spumantem sparsasque manus. it clamor ad alta 665 him the evil omen of my death." She had spoken, atria: concussam bacchatur Fama per urbem. and in the midst of these words, her servants saw lamentis gemituque et femineo ululatu she had fallen on the blade, the sword frothed with tecta fremunt, resonat magnis plangoribus aether, blood, and her hands were stained. A cry rose to the non aliter quam si immissis ruat hostibus omnis high ceiling: Rumour, run riot, struck the city. The Karthago aut antiqua Tyros, flammaeque furentes houses sounded with weeping and sighs and 670 women's cries, the sky echoed with a mighty culmina perque hominum uoluantur perque lamentation, as if all Carthage or ancient Tyre were deorum. falling to the invading enemy, and raging flames audiit exanimis trepidoque exterrita cursu were rolling over the roofs of men and gods. Her unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis sister, terrified, heard it, and rushed through the per medios ruit, ac morientem nomine clamat: crowd, tearing her cheeks with her nails, and 'hoc illud, germana, fuit? me fraude petebas? 675 beating her breast, and called out to the dying hoc rogus iste mihi, hoc ignes araeque parabant? woman in accusation: "So this was the meaning of quid primum deserta querar? comitemne sororem it, sister? Did you aim to cheat me? This pyre of spreuisti moriens? eadem me ad fata uocasses, yours, this fire and altar were prepared for my idem ambas ferro dolor atque eadem hora tulisset. sake? What shall I grieve for first in my his etiam struxi manibus patriosque uocaui 680 abandonment? Did you scorn your sister's company uoce deos, sic te ut posita, crudelis, abessem? in dying? You should have summoned me to the exstinxti te meque, soror, populumque patresque same fate: the same hour the same sword's hurt Sidonios urbemque tuam. date, uulnera lymphis should have taken us both. I even built your pyre abluam et, extremus si quis super halitus errat, with these hands, and was I calling aloud on our ore legam.' sic fata gradus euaserat altos, 685 father's gods, so that I would be absent, cruel one, semianimemque sinu germanam amplexa fouebat as you lay here? You have extinguished yourself cum gemitu atque atros siccabat ueste cruores. and me, sister: your people, your Sidonian illa grauis oculos conata attollere rursus ancestors, and your city. I should bathe your deficit; infixum stridit sub pectore uulnus. wounds with water and catch with my lips ter sese attollens cubitoque adnixa leuauit, 690 whatever dying breath still hovers." So saying she ter reuoluta toro est oculisque errantibus alto climbed the high levels, and clasped her dying quaesiuit caelo lucem ingemuitque reperta. sister to her breast, sighing, and stemming the dark Tum Iuno omnipotens longum miserata dolorem blood with her dress. Dido tried to lift her heavy difficilisque obitus Irim demisit Olympo eyelids again, but failed: and the deep wound quae luctantem animam nexosque resolueret artus. hissed in her breast. Lifting herself three times, she 695 struggled to rise on her elbow: three times she fell nam quia nec fato merita nec morte peribat, back onto the bed, searching for light in the depths sed misera ante diem subitoque accensa furore, of heaven, with wandering eyes, and, finding it, nondum illi flauum Proserpina uertice crinem sighed. Then all-powerful Juno, pitying the long abstulerat Stygioque caput damnauerat Orco. suffering of her difficult death, sent Iris from ergo Iris croceis per caelum roscida pennis 700 Olympus, to release the struggling spirit, and mille trahens uarios aduerso sole colores captive body. For since she had not died through deuolat et supra caput astitit. 'hunc ego Diti fate, or by a well-earned death, but wretchedly, sacrum iussa fero teque isto corpore soluo': before her time, inflamed with sudden madness, sic ait et dextra crinem secat, omnis et una Proserpine had not yet taken a lock of golden hair dilapsus calor atque in uentos uita recessit. 705 from her head, or condemned her soul to Stygian Orcus. So dew-wet Iris flew down through the sky, on saffron wings, trailing a thousand shifting colours across the sun, and hovered over her head. "I take this offering, sacred to Dis, as commanded, and release you from the body that was yours." So she spoke, and cut the lock of hair with her right hand. All the warmth ebbed at once, and life vanished on the breeze. BOOK V
Lines 1-41 Aeneas Returns to Sicily Interea medium Aeneas iam classe tenebat Meanwhile Aeneas with the fleet was holding a certus iter fluctusque atros Aquilone secabat fixed course now in the midst of the sea, cutting the moenia respiciens, quae iam infelicis Elissae waves, dark in a northerly wind, looking back at the conlucent flammis. quae tantum accenderit ignem city walls that were glowing now with unhappy causa latet; duri magno sed amore dolores 5 Dido's funeral flames. The reason that such a fire polluto, notumque furens quid femina possit, had been lit was unknown: but the cruel pain when triste per augurium Teucrorum pectora ducunt. a great love is profaned, and the knowledge of what ut pelagus tenuere rates nec iam amplius ulla a frenzied woman might do, drove the minds of the occurrit tellus, maria undique et undique caelum, Trojans to sombre forebodings. When the ships olli caeruleus supra caput astitit imber 10 reached deep water and land was no longer in sight, noctem hiememque ferens et inhorruit unda but everywhere was sea, and sky was everywhere, tenebris. then a dark-blue rain cloud hung overhead, ipse gubernator puppi Palinurus ab alta: bringing night and storm, and the waves bristled 'heu quianam tanti cinxerunt aethera nimbi? with shadows. Palinurus the helmsman himself quidue, pater Neptune, paras?' sic deinde locutus from the high stern cried: 'Ah! Why have such colligere arma iubet ualidisque incumbere remis, 15 storm clouds shrouded the sky? What do you obliquatque sinus in uentum ac talia fatur: intend, father Neptune?' So saying, next he ordered 'magnanime Aenea, non, si mihi Iuppiter auctor them to shorten sail, and bend to the heavy oars, spondeat, hoc sperem Italiam contingere caelo. then tacked against the wind, and spoke as follows: mutati transuersa fremunt et uespere ab atro 'Brave Aeneas, I would not expect to make Italy consurgunt uenti, atque in nubem cogitur aer. 20 with this sky, though guardian Jupiter promised it. nec nos obniti contra nec tendere tantum The winds, rising from the darkened west, have sufficimus. superat quoniam Fortuna, sequamur, shifted and roar across our path, and the air quoque uocat uertamus iter. nec litora longe thickens for a storm. We cannot stand against it, or fida reor fraterna Erycis portusque Sicanos, labour enough to weather it. Since Fortune si modo rite memor seruata remetior astra.' 25 overcomes us, let's go with her, and set our course tum pius Aeneas: 'equidem sic poscere uentos wherever she calls. I think your brother Eryx's iamdudum et frustra cerno te tendere contra. friendly shores are not far off, and the harbours of flecte uiam uelis. an sit mihi gratior ulla, Sicily, if I only remember the stars I observed quoue magis fessas optem dimittere nauis, rightly.' Then virtuous Aeneas replied: 'For my part quam quae Dardanium tellus mihi seruat Acesten I've seen for some time that the winds required it, 30 and you're steering into them in vain. Alter the et patris Anchisae gremio complectitur ossa?' course we sail. Is any land more welcome to me, haec ubi dicta, petunt portus et uela secundi any to which I'd prefer to steer my weary fleet, than intendunt Zephyri; fertur cita gurgite classis, that which protects my Trojan friend Acestes, and et tandem laeti notae aduertuntur harenae. holds the bones of my father Anchises to its At procul ex celso miratus uertice montis 35 breast?" Having said this they searched out the port, aduentum sociasque rates occurrit Acestes, and following winds filled their sails: the ships horridus in iaculis et pelle Libystidis ursae, sailed swiftly on the flood, and they turned at last in Troia Criniso conceptum flumine mater delight towards known shores. But Alcestes, on a quem genuit. ueterum non immemor ille parentum high hill in the distance, wondered at the arrival of gratatur reduces et gaza laetus agresti 40 friendly vessels, and met them, armed with excipit, ac fessos opibus solatur amicis. javelins, in his Libyan she-bear's pelt: he whom a Trojan mother bore, conceived of the river-god Crinisius. Not neglectful of his ancient lineage he rejoiced at their return, entertained them gladly with his rural riches, and comforted the weary with the assistance of a friend. Lines 42-103 Aeneas Declares the Games Postera cum primo stellas Oriente fugarat When, in the following Dawn, bright day had put clara dies, socios in coetum litore ab omni the stars to flight, Aeneas called his companions aduocat Aeneas tumulique ex aggere fatur: together, from the whole shore, and spoke from a 'Dardanidae magni, genus alto a sanguine diuum, high mound: "Noble Trojans, people of the high 45 lineage of the gods, the year's cycle is complete to annuus exactis completur mensibus orbis, the very month when we laid the bones, all that was ex quo reliquias diuinique ossa parentis left of my divine father, in the earth, and dedicated condidimus terra maestasque sacrauimus aras; the sad altars. And now the day is here (that the iamque dies, nisi fallor, adest, quem semper gods willed) if I am not wrong, which I will always acerbum, hold as bitter, always honoured. If I were keeping semper honoratum (sic di uoluistis) habebo. 50 it, exiled in Gaetulian Syrtes, or caught on the hunc ego Gaetulis agerem si Syrtibus exsul, Argive seas, or in Mycenae's city, I'd still conduct Argolicoue mari deprensus et urbe Mycenae, the yearly rite, and line of solemn procession, and annua uota tamen sollemnisque ordine pompas heap up the due offerings on the altar. Now we exsequerer strueremque suis altaria donis. even stand by the ashes and bones of my father (not nunc ultro ad cineres ipsius et ossa parentis 55 for my part I think without the will and power of haud equidem sine mente, reor, sine numine diuum the gods) and carried to this place we have entered adsumus et portus delati intramus amicos. a friendly harbour. So come and let us all celebrate ergo agite et laetum cuncti celebremus honorem: the sacrifice with joy: let us pray for a wind, and poscamus uentos, atque haec me sacra quotannis may he will me to offer these rites each year when urbe uelit posita templis sibi ferre dicatis. 60 my city is founded, in temples that are his. Acestes, bina boum uobis Troia generatus Acestes a Trojan born, gives you two head of oxen for dat numero capita in nauis; adhibete penatis every ship: Invite the household gods to our feast, et patrios epulis et quos colit hospes Acestes. our own and those whom Acestes our host praeterea, si nona diem mortalibus almum worships. Also, when the ninth Dawn raises high Aurora extulerit radiisque retexerit orbem, 65 the kindly light for mortal men, and reveals the prima citae Teucris ponam certamina classis; world in her rays, I will declare a Trojan Games: quique pedum cursu ualet, et qui uiribus audax first a race between the swift ships: then those with aut iaculo incedit melior leuibusque sagittis, ability in running, and those, daring in strength, seu crudo fidit pugnam committere caestu, who step forward, who are superior with javelin cuncti adsint meritaeque exspectent praemia and slight arrows, or trust themselves to fight with palmae. 70 rawhide gloves: let everyone be there and hope for ore fauete omnes et cingite tempora ramis.' the prize of a well-deserved palm branch. All be Sic fatus uelat materna tempora myrto. silent now, and wreathe your brows." So saying he hoc Helymus facit, hoc aeui maturus Acestes, veiled his forehead with his mother's myrtle. hoc puer Ascanius, sequitur quos cetera pubes. Helymus did likewise, Acestes of mature years, the ille e concilio multis cum milibus ibat 75 boy Ascanius, and the rest of the people followed. ad tumulum magna medius comitante caterua. Then he went with many thousands, from the hic duo rite mero libans carchesia Baccho gathering to the grave-mound, in the midst of the fundit humi, duo lacte nouo, duo sanguine sacro, vast accompanying throng. Here with due offering purpureosque iacit flores ac talia fatur: he poured two bowls of pure wine onto the ground, 'salue, sancte parens, iterum; saluete, recepti 80 two of fresh milk, two of sacrificial blood, and, nequiquam cineres animaeque umbraeque paternae. scattering bright petals, he spoke as follows: "Once non licuit finis Italos fataliaque arua more, hail, my sacred father: hail, spirit, ghost, nec tecum Ausonium, quicumque est, quaerere ashes of my father, whom I rescued in vain. I was Thybrim.' not allowed to search, with you, for Italy's borders, dixerat haec, adytis cum lubricus anguis ab imis our destined fields, or Ausonia's Tiber, wherever it septem ingens gyros, septena uolumina traxit 85 might be." He had just finished speaking when a amplexus placide tumulum lapsusque per aras, shining snake unwound each of its seven coils from caeruleae cui terga notae maculosus et auro the base of the shrine, in seven large loops, placidly squamam incendebat fulgor, ceu nubibus arcus encircling the mound, and gliding among the altars, mille iacit uarios aduerso sole colores. its back mottled with blue-green markings, and its obstipuit uisu Aeneas. ille agmine longo 90 scales burning with a golden sheen, as a rainbow tandem inter pateras et leuia pocula serpens forms a thousand varied colours in clouds opposite libauitque dapes rursusque innoxius imo the sun. Aeneas was stunned by the sight. Finally, successit tumulo et depasta altaria liquit. with a long glide among the bowls and polished hoc magis inceptos genitori instaurat honores, drinking cups, the serpent tasted the food, and, incertus geniumne loci famulumne parentis 95 having fed, departed the altar, retreating harmlessly esse putet; caedit binas de more bidentis again into the depths of the tomb. Aeneas returned totque sues, totidem nigrantis terga iuuencos, more eagerly to the tribute to his father, uncertain uinaque fundebat pateris animamque uocabat whether to treat the snake as the guardian of the Anchisae magni manisque Acheronte remissos. place, or as his father's attendant spirit: he killed nec non et socii, quae cuique est copia, laeti 100 two sheep as customary, two pigs, and as many dona ferunt, onerant aras mactantque iuuencos; black-backed heifers: and poured wine from the ordine aena locant alii fusique per herbam bowls, and called on the spirit and shadow of great subiciunt ueribus prunas et uiscera torrent. Anchises, released from Acheron. And his companions as well, brought gifts gladly, of which each had a store, piling high the altars, sacrificing bullocks: others set out rows of cauldrons, and scattered among the grass, placed live coals under the spits, and roasted the meat. Lines 104-150 The Start of the Games Exspectata dies aderat nonamque serena The eagerly-awaited day had arrived, and now Auroram Phaethontis equi iam luce uehebant, 105 Phaethon's horses brought a ninth dawn of famaque finitimos et clari nomen Acestae cloudless light, and Acestes's name and reputation excierat; laeto complerant litora coetu had roused the countryside: they thronged the uisuri Aeneadas, pars et certare parati. shore, a joyous crowd, some to see Aeneas and his munera principio ante oculos circoque locantur men, others to compete. First the prizes were set in medio, sacri tripodes uiridesque coronae 110 out for them to see in the centre of the circuit, et palmae pretium uictoribus, armaque et ostro sacred tripods, green crowns and palms, rewards perfusae uestes, argenti aurique talenta; for the winners, armour, and clothes dyed with et tuba commissos medio canit aggere ludos. purple, and talents of silver and gold: and a trumpet Prima pares ineunt grauibus certamina remis sang out, from a central mound, that the games had quattuor ex omni delectae classe carinae. 115 begun. Four well-matched ships with heavy oars uelocem Mnestheus agit acri remige Pristim, were chosen from the fleet for the first event. mox Italus Mnestheus, genus a quo nomine Mnesthus, soon to be Mnesthus of Italy from whom Memmi, the Memmian people are named, captains the Sea- ingentemque Gyas ingenti mole Chimaeram, Serpent, with its eager crew: Gyas, the vast urbis opus, triplici pubes quam Dardana uersu Chimaera of huge bulk, a floating city, rowed by impellunt, terno consurgunt ordine remi; 120 the Trojan men on three decks, with the oars raised Sergestusque, domus tenet a quo Sergia nomen, in triple rows: Sergestus, from whom the house of Centauro inuehitur magna, Scyllaque Cloanthus Sergia gets its name, sails in the great Centaur, and caerulea, genus unde tibi, Romane Cluenti. Cloanthus from whom your family derives, Est procul in pelago saxum spumantia contra Cluentius of Rome, in the sea-green Scylla. There's litora, quod tumidis summersum tunditur olim 125 a rock far out at sea opposite the foaming shore, fluctibus, hiberni condunt ubi sidera Cauri; which, lashed by the swollen waves, is sometimes tranquillo silet immotaque attollitur unda drowned, when wintry north-westerlies hide the campus et apricis statio gratissima mergis. stars: it is quiet in calm weather and flat ground is hic uiridem Aeneas frondenti ex ilice metam raised above the motionless water, a welcome constituit signum nautis pater, unde reuerti 130 haunt for sun-loving sea-birds. Here our ancestor scirent et longos ubi circumflectere cursus. Aeneas set up a leafy oak-trunk as a mark, as a sign tum loca sorte legunt ipsique in puppibus auro for the sailors to know where to turn back, and ductores longe effulgent ostroque decori; circle round the long course. Then they chose cetera populea uelatur fronde iuuentus places by lot, and the captains themselves, on the nudatosque umeros oleo perfusa nitescit. 135 sterns, gleamed from a distance, resplendent in considunt transtris, intentaque bracchia remis; purple and gold: the rest of the men were crowned intenti exspectant signum, exsultantiaque haurit with poplar leaves, and their naked shoulders corda pauor pulsans laudumque arrecta cupido. glistened, shining with oil. They manned the inde ubi clara dedit sonitum tuba, finibus omnes, benches, arms ready at the oars: readied for action haud mora, prosiluere suis; ferit aethera clamor 140 they waited for the signal, and pounding fear, and nauticus, adductis spumant freta uersa lacertis. the desire aroused for glory, devoured their leaping infindunt pariter sulcos, totumque dehiscit hearts. Then when the clear trumpet gave the conuulsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor. signal, all immediately shot forward from the non tam praecipites biiugo certamine campum starting line, the sailor's shouts struck the heavens, corripuere ruuntque effusi carcere currus, 145 as arms were plied the waters turned to foam. they nec sic immissis aurigae undantia lora cut the furrows together, and the whole surface concussere iugis pronique in uerbera pendent. gaped wide, ploughed by the oars and the three- tum plausu fremituque uirum studiisque fauentum pronged beaks. The speed is not as great when the consonat omne nemus, uocemque inclusa uolutant two horse chariots hit the field in their race, litora, pulsati colles clamore resultant. 150 shooting from their stalls: and the charioteers shake the rippling reins over their galloping team, straining forward to the lash. So the whole woodland echoes with applause, the shouts of men, and the partisanship of their supporters, the sheltered beach concentrates the sound and the hills, reverberating, return the clamour. Lines 151-243 The Boat Race Effugit ante alios primisque elabitur undis Gyas runs before the pack, and glides forward on turbam inter fremitumque Gyas; quem deinde the waves, amongst the noise and confusion: Cloanthus Cloanthus follows next, his ship better manned, but consequitur, melior remis, sed pondere pinus held back by its weight. After them separated tarda tenet. post hos aequo discrimine Pristis equally the Sea-Serpent and the Centaur strain to Centaurusque locum tendunt superare priorem; 155 win a lead: now the Sea-Serpent has it, now the et nunc Pristis habet, nunc uictam praeterit ingens huge Centaur wins in front, now both sweep on Centaurus, nunc una ambae iunctisque feruntur together their bows level, their long keels frontibus et longa sulcant uada salsa carina. ploughing the salt sea. Now they near the rock and iamque propinquabant scopulo metamque tenebant, are close to the marker, when Gyas, the leader, cum princeps medioque Gyas in gurgite uictor 160 winning at the half-way point, calls out loudly to rectorem nauis compellat uoce Menoeten: his pilot Menoetes: "Why so far adrift to starboard? 'quo tantum mihi dexter abis? huc derige cursum; Steer her course this way: hug the shore and graze litus ama et laeua stringat sine palmula cautes; the crags to port, oars raised: let others keep to deep altum alii teneant.' dixit; sed caeca Menoetes water." He spoke, but Menoetes fearing unseen saxa timens proram pelagi detorquet ad undas. 165 reefs wrenched the prow towards the open sea. 'quo diuersus abis?' iterum 'pete saxa, Menoete!' "Why so far adrift?" again, "Head for the rocks, cum clamore Gyas reuocabat, et ecce Cloanthum Menoetes!" he shouts to him forcefully, and behold, respicit instantem tergo et propiora tenentem. he sees Cloanthus right at his back and taking the ille inter nauemque Gyae scopulosque sonantis riskier course. He squeezed a path between Gyas's radit iter laeuum interior subitoque priorem 170 ship and the booming rocks inside to starboard, praeterit et metis tenet aequora tuta relictis. suddenly passing the leader, and, leaving the tum uero exarsit iuueni dolor ossibus ingens marker behind, reached safe water. Then indeed nec lacrimis caruere genae, segnemque Menoeten great indignation burned in the young man's oblitus decorisque sui sociumque salutis marrow, and there were tears on his cheeks, and in mare praecipitem puppi deturbat ab alta; 175 forgetting his own pride and his crew's safety he ipse gubernaclo rector subit, ipse magister heaved the timid Menoetes headlong into the sea hortaturque uiros clauumque ad litora torquet. from the high stern: he stood to the helm, himself at grauis ut fundo uix tandem redditus imo est captain and steersman, urged on his men, and iam senior madidaque fluens in ueste Menoetes turned for the shore. But when Menoetes old as he summa petit scopuli siccaque in rupe resedit. 180 was, clawed his way back heavily and with illum et labentem Teucri et risere natantem difficulty at last from the sea floor, he climbed to et salsos rident reuomentem pectore fluctus. the top of the crag and sat down on the dry rock Hic laeta extremis spes est accensa duobus, dripping, in his wet clothing. The Trojans laughed Sergesto Mnestheique, Gyan superare morantem. as he fell, and swam and laughed as he vomited the Sergestus capit ante locum scopuloque propinquat, seawater from his chest. At this a joyful hope of 185 passing Gyas, as he stalled, is aroused in Sergestus nec tota tamen ille prior praeeunte carina; and Mnestheus, the two behind, Sergestus takes the parte prior, partim rostro premit aemula Pristis. leading place and nears the rock, still he's not a full at media socios incedens naue per ipsos ship's length in front, only part: the rival Sea- hortatur Mnestheus: 'nunc, nunc insurgite remis, Serpent closes on him with her prow. Then, Hectorei socii, Troiae quos sorte suprema 190 Mnesthus walking among his crew amidships delegi comites; nunc illas promite uiris, exhorted them: "Now, now rise to the oars, nunc animos, quibus in Gaetulis Syrtibus usi comrades of Hector, you whom I chose as Ionioque mari Maleaeque sequacibus undis. companions at Troy's last fatal hour: now, exert all non iam prima peto Mnestheus neque uincere certo that strength, that spirit you showed in the (quamquam o!—sed superent quibus hoc, Neptune, Gaetulian shoals, the Ionian Sea, and Cape Malea's dedisti); 195 pursuing waves. Now I, Mnesthus, do not seek to extremos pudeat rediisse: hoc uincite, ciues, be first or try to win – let those conquer whom you et prohibete nefas.' olli certamine summo have granted to do so, Neptune – but oh, it would procumbunt: uastis tremit ictibus aerea puppis be shameful to return last: achieve this for us, subtrahiturque solum, tum creber anhelitus artus countrymen, and prevent our disgrace." They bend aridaque ora quatit, sudor fluit undique riuis. 200 to it with fierce rivalry: the bronze stern shudders at attulit ipse uiris optatum casus honorem: their powerful strokes: and the sea-floor drops namque furens animi dum proram ad saxa suburget away beneath them: then shallow breathing makes interior spatioque subit Sergestus iniquo, limbs and parched lips quiver. and their sweat runs infelix saxis in procurrentibus haesit. down in streams. Chance brings the men the glory concussae cautes et acuto in murice remi 205 that they long for. When Segestus, his spirit raging, obnixi crepuere inlisaque prora pependit. forces his bows, on the inside, towards the rocks, consurgunt nautae et magno clamore morantur and enters dangerous water, unhappily he strikes ferratasque trudes et acuta cuspide contos the jutting reef. The cliff shakes, the oars jam expediunt fractosque legunt in gurgite remos. against them, and snap on the sharp edges of stone, at laetus Mnestheus successuque acrior ipso 210 and the prow hangs there, snagged. The sailors leap agmine remorum celeri uentisque uocatis up, and, shouting aloud at the delay, gather iron- prona petit maria et pelago decurrit aperto. tipped poles and sharply-pointed boathooks, and qualis spelunca subito commota columba, rescue their smashed oars from the water. But cui domus et dulces latebroso in pumice nidi, Mnesthus, delighted, and made eager by his fertur in arua uolans plausumque exterrita pennis success, with a swift play of oars, and a prayer to 215 the winds. heads for home waters and courses the dat tecto ingentem, mox aere lapsa quieto open sea, as a dove, whose nest and sweet chicks radit iter liquidum celeris neque commouet alas: are hidden among the rocks, suddenly startled from sic Mnestheus, sic ipsa fuga secat ultima Pristis some hollow, takes flight for the fields, frightened aequora, sic illam fert impetus ipse uolantem. from her cover, and beats her wings loudly, but et primum in scopulo luctantem deserit alto 220 soon gliding in still air skims her clear path, barely Sergestum breuibusque uadis frustraque uocantem moving her swift pinions: in this way Mnestheus auxilia et fractis discentem currere remis. and the Sea-Dragon herself furrow the final stretch inde Gyan ipsamque ingenti mole Chimaeram of water in flight, and her impetus alone, carries her consequitur; cedit, quoniam spoliata magistro est. on her winged path. Firstly he leaves Segestus solus iamque ipso superest in fine Cloanthus, 225 behind struggling on the raised rock then in shoal quem petit et summis adnixus uiribus urget. water, calling vainly for help, and learning how to Tum uero ingeminat clamor cunctique sequentem race with shattered oars. Then he overhauls Gyas instigant studiis, resonatque fragoribus aether. and the Chimaera's huge bulk: which, deprived of hi proprium decus et partum indignantur honorem her helmsman now, gives way. Now Cloanthus ni teneant, uitamque uolunt pro laude pacisci; 230 alone is left ahead, near to the finish, Mnestheus hos successus alit: possunt, quia posse uidentur. heads for him and chases closely exerting all his et fors aequatis cepissent praemia rostris, powers. Then indeed the shouts redouble, and ni palmas ponto tendens utrasque Cloanthus together all enthusiastically urge on the pursuer. fudissetque preces diuosque in uota uocasset: The former crew are unhappy lest they fail to keep 'di, quibus imperium est pelagi, quorum aequora the honour that is theirs and the glory already in curro, 235 their possession, and would sell their lives for uobis laetus ego hoc candentem in litore taurum fame. the latter feed on success: they can because constituam ante aras uoti reus, extaque salsos they think they can. And with their prow alongside proiciam in fluctus et uina liquentia fundam.' they might have snatched the prize, if Cleanthus dixit, eumque imis sub fluctibus audiit omnis had not stretched out his hands over the sea and Nereidum Phorcique chorus Panopeaque uirgo, 240 poured out his prayers, and called to the gods in et pater ipse manu magna Portunus euntem longing. "Gods, whose empire is the ocean, whose impulit: illa Noto citius uolucrique sagitta waters I course, On shore, I will gladly set a snow- ad terram fugit et portu se condidit alto. white bull before your altars, in payment of my vows, throw the entrailsinto the saltwater, and pour out pure wine." He spoke, and all the Nereids, Phorcus's choir, and virgin Panopea, heard him in the wave's depths, and father Portunus drove him on his track, with his great hand: the ship ran to shore, swifter than south wind or flying arrow, and plunged into the deep harbour. Lines 244-285 The Prize-Giving for the Boat Race tum satus Anchisa cunctis ex more uocatis Then Anchises's son, calling them all together as is uictorem magna praeconis uoce Cloanthum 245 fitting, by the herald's loud cry declares Cloanthus declarat uiridique aduelat tempora lauro, the winner, and wreathes his forehead with green muneraque in nauis ternos optare iuuencos laurel, and tells him to choose three bullocks, and uinaque et argenti magnum dat ferre talentum. wine, and a large talent of silver as gifts for the ipsis praecipuos ductoribus addit honores: ships. He adds special honours for the captains: a uictori chlamydem auratam, quam plurima circum cloak worked in gold for the victor, edged with 250 Meliboean deep purple in a double meandering purpura maeandro duplici Meliboea cucurrit, line, Ganymede the boy-prince woven on it, as if intextusque puer frondosa regius Ida breathless with eagerness, running with his javelin, uelocis iaculo ceruos cursuque fatigat chasing the swift stags on leafy Ida: whom Jupiter's acer, anhelanti similis, quem praepes ab Ida eagle, carrier of the lightning-bolt, has now sublimem pedibus rapuit Iouis armiger uncis; 255 snatched up into the air, from Ida, with taloned feet: longaeui palmas nequiquam ad sidera tendunt his aged guards stretch their hands to the sky in custodes, saeuitque canum latratus in auras. vain, and the barking dogs snap at the air. He gives at qui deinde locum tenuit uirtute secundum, to the warrior, who took second place by his leuibus huic hamis consertam auroque trilicem prowess, a coat of mail for his own, with polished loricam, quam Demoleo detraxerat ipse 260 hooks, in triple woven gold, a beautiful thing and a uictor apud rapidum Simoenta sub Ilio alto, defence in battle, that he himself as victor had donat habere, uiro decus et tutamen in armis. taken from Demoleos, by the swift Simois, below uix illam famuli Phegeus Sagarisque ferebant the heights of Ilium. Phegeus and Sagaris, his multiplicem conixi umeris; indutus at olim servants, can barely carry its folds, on straining Demoleos cursu palantis Troas agebat. 265 shoulders: though, wearing it, Demoleus used to tertia dona facit geminos ex aere lebetas drive the scattered Trojans at a run. He grants the cymbiaque argento perfecta atque aspera signis. third prize of a pair of bronze cauldrons and bowls iamque adeo donati omnes opibusque superbi made of silver with designs in bold relief. Now puniceis ibant euincti tempora taenis, they have all received their gifts and are walking cum saeuo e scopulo multa uix arte reuulsus 270 off, foreheads tied with scarlet ribbons, proud of amissis remis atque ordine debilis uno their new wealth, when Segestus, who showing inrisam sine honore ratem Sergestus agebat. much skill has with difficulty got clear of the cruel qualis saepe uiae deprensus in aggere serpens, rock, oars missing and one tier useless, brings in his aerea quem obliquum rota transiit aut grauis ictu boat, to mockery and no glory. As a snake, that a seminecem liquit saxo lacerumque uiator; 275 bronze-rimmed wheel has crossed obliquely, is nequiquam longos fugiens dat corpore tortus often caught on the curb of a road, or like one that a parte ferox ardensque oculis et sibila colla passer-by has crushed with a heavy blow from a arduus attollens; pars uulnere clauda retentat stone and left half-dead, writhes its long coils, nexantem nodis seque in sua membra plicantem: trying in vain to escape, part aggressive, with tali remigio nauis se tarda mouebat; 280 blazing eyes, and hissing, its neck raised high in the uela facit tamen et uelis subit ostia plenis. air, part held back by the constraint of its wounds, Sergestum Aeneas promisso munere donat struggling to follow with its coils, and twining back seruatam ob nauem laetus sociosque reductos. on its own length: so the ship moves slowly on with olli serua datur operum haud ignara Mineruae, wrecked oars: nevertheless she makes sail, and Cressa genus, Pholoe, geminique sub ubere nati. under full sail reaches harbour. Aeneas presents 285 Sergestus with the reward he promised, happy that the ship is saved, and the crew rescued. He is granted a Cretan born slave-girl, Pholoe, not unskilled in the arts of Minerva, nursing twin boys at her breast. Lines 286-361 The Foot Race Hoc pius Aeneas misso certamine tendit Once this race was done Aeneas headed for a gramineum in campum, quem collibus undique grassy space, circled round about by curving curuis wooded hillsides, forming an amphitheatre at the cingebant siluae, mediaque in ualle theatri valley's centre: the hero took himself there in the circus erat; quo se multis cum milibus heros midst of the throng many thousands strong, and consessu medium tulit exstructoque resedit. 290 occupied a raised throne. Here if any by chance hic, qui forte uelint rapido contendere cursu, wanted to compete in the footrace he tempted their inuitat pretiis animos, et praemia ponit. minds with the reward, and set the prizes. Trojans undique conueniunt Teucri mixtique Sicani, and Sicilians gathered together from all sides, Nisus et Euryalus primi, Nisus and Euryalus the foremost among them, Euryalus forma insignis uiridique iuuenta, 295 Euryalus famed for his beauty, and in the flower of Nisus amore pio pueri; quos deinde secutus youth, Nisus famed for his devoted affection for the regius egregia Priami de stirpe Diores; lad: next came princely Diores, of Priam's royal hunc Salius simul et Patron, quorum alter Acarnan, blood, then Salius and Patron together, one an alter ab Arcadio Tegeaeae sanguine gentis; Arcanian, the other of Arcadian blood and Tegean tum duo Trinacrii iuuenes, Helymus Panopesque race: then two young Sicilians, Helymus and 300 Panopes, used to the forests, companions of old adsueti siluis, comites senioris Acestae; Acestes: and many others too, whose fame is lost in multi praeterea, quos fama obscura recondit. obscurity. Then Aeneas amongst them spoke as Aeneas quibus in mediis sic deinde locutus: follows: "Take these words to heart, and give 'accipite haec animis laetasque aduertite mentes. pleasurable attention. None of your number will go nemo ex hoc numero mihi non donatus abibit. 305 away without a reward from me. I'll give two Cnosia bina dabo leuato lucida ferro Cretan arrows, shining with polished steel, for each spicula caelatamque argento ferre bipennem; man, to take away, and a double-headed axe chased omnibus hic erit unus honos. tres praemia primi with silver: all who are present will receive the accipient flauaque caput nectentur oliua. same honour. The first three will share prizes, and primus equum phaleris insignem uictor habeto; 310 their heads will be crowned with pale-green olive: alter Amazoniam pharetram plenamque sagittis let the first as winner take a horse decorated with Threiciis, lato quam circum amplectitur auro trappings: the second an Amazonian quiver, filled balteus et tereti subnectit fibula gemma; with Thracian arrows, looped with a broad belt of tertius Argolica hac galea contentus abito.' gold and fastened by a clasp with a polished gem: Haec ubi dicta, locum capiunt signoque repente 315 let the third leave content with this Argive helmet." corripiunt spatia audito limenque relinquunt, When he had finished they took their places and, effusi nimbo similes. simul ultima signant, suddenly, on hearing the signal, they left the barrier primus abit longeque ante omnia corpora Nisus and shot onto the course, streaming out like a storm emicat et uentis et fulminis ocior alis; cloud, gaze fixed on the goal. Nisus was off first, proximus huic, longo sed proximus interuallo, 320 and darted away, ahead of all the others, faster than insequitur Salius; spatio post deinde relicto the wind or the winged lightning-bolt: Salius tertius Euryalus; followed behind him, but a long way behind: then Euryalumque Helymus sequitur; quo deinde sub after a space Euryalus was third: Helymus pursued ipso Euryalus, and there was Diores speeding near him, ecce uolat calcemque terit iam calce Diores now touching foot to foot, leaning at his shoulder: incumbens umero, spatia et si plura supersint 325 if the course had been longer he'd have slipped past transeat elapsus prior ambiguumque relinquat. him, and left the outcome in doubt. Now, wearied, iamque fere spatio extremo fessique sub ipsam almost at the end of the track, they neared the finem aduentabant, leui cum sanguine Nisus winning post itself, when the unlucky Nisus fell in labitur infelix, caesis ut forte iuuencis some slippery blood, which when the bullocks were fusus humum uiridisque super madefecerat herbas. killed had chanced to drench the ground and the 330 green grass. Here the youth, already rejoicing at hic iuuenis iam uictor ouans uestigia presso winning, failed to keep his sliding feet on the haud tenuit titubata solo, sed pronus in ipso ground, but fell flat, straight in the slimy dirt and concidit immundoque fimo sacroque cruore. sacred blood. But he didn't forget Euryalus even non tamen Euryali, non ille oblitus amorum: then, nor his love: but, picking himself up out of nam sese opposuit Salio per lubrica surgens; 335 the wet, obstructed Salius, who fell head over heels ille autem spissa iacuit reuolutus harena, onto the thick sand. Euryalus sped by and, darting emicat Euryalus et munere uictor amici onwards to applause and the shouts of his prima tenet, plausuque uolat fremituque secundo. supporters, took first place, winning with his post Helymus subit et nunc tertia palma Diores. friend's help. Helymus came in behind him, then hic totum caueae consessum ingentis et ora 340 Diores, now in third place. At this Salius filled the prima patrum magnis Salius clamoribus implet, whole vast amphitheatre, and the faces of the ereptumque dolo reddi sibi poscit honorem. foremost elders, with his loud clamour, demanding tutatur fauor Euryalum lacrimaeque decorae, to be given the prize stolen from him by a trick. His gratior et pulchro ueniens in corpore uirtus. popularity protects Euryalus, and fitting tears, and adiuuat et magna proclamat uoce Diores, 345 ability is more pleasing in a beautiful body. Diores qui subiit palmae frustraque ad praemia uenit encourages him, and protests in a loud voice, ultima, si primi Salio reddentur honores. having reached the palm, but claiming the last prize tum pater Aeneas 'uestra' inquit 'munera uobis in vain, if the highest honour goes to Salius. Then certa manent, pueri et palmam mouet ordine nemo; Aeneas the leader said, "Your prizes are still yours, me liceat casus miserari insontis amici.' 350 lads, and no one is altering the order of attainment: sic fatus tergum Gaetuli immane leonis but allow me to take pity on an unfortunate friend's dat Salio uillis onerosum atque unguibus aureis. fate." So saying he gives Salius the huge pelt of a hic Nisus 'si tanta' inquit 'sunt praemia uictis, Gaetulian lion, heavy with shaggy fur, its claws et te lapsorum miseret, quae munera Niso gilded. At this Nisus comments: "If these are the digna dabis, primam merui qui laude coronam 355 prizes for losing, and you pity the fallen, what ni me, quae Salium, fortuna inimica tulisset?' fitting gift will you grant to Nisus, who would have et simul his dictis faciem ostentabat et udo earned first place through merit if ill luck had not turpia membra fimo. risit pater optimus olli dogged me, as it did Salius?" And with that he et clipeum efferri iussit, Didymaonis artes, shows his face and limbs drenched with foul mud. Neptuni sacro Danais de poste refixum. 360 The best of leaders smiles at him, and orders a hoc iuuenem egregium praestanti munere donat. shield to be brought, the work of Didymaon, once unpinned by the Greeks from Neptune's sacred threshold: this outstanding prize he gives to the noble youth. Lines 362-484 The Boxing Contest Post, ubi confecti cursus et dona peregit, When the races were done and the gifts allotted, 'nunc, si cui uirtus animusque in pectore praesens, Aeneas cried: "Now, he who has skill and courage adsit et euinctis attollat bracchia palmis': in his heart, let him stand here and raise his arms, sic ait, et geminum pugnae proponit honorem, 365 his fists bound in hide." So saying he set out the uictori uelatum auro uittisque iuuencum, double prize for the boxing, a bullock for the ensem atque insignem galeam solacia uicto. winner, dressed with gold and sacred ribbons, and a nec mora; continuo uastis cum uiribus effert sword and a noble helmet to console the defeated. ora Dares magnoque uirum se murmure tollit, Without delay Dares, hugely strong, raised his face solus qui Paridem solitus contendere contra, 370 and rose, to a great murmur from the crowd, he idemque ad tumulum quo maximus occubat Hector who alone used to compete with Paris, and by that uictorem Buten immani corpore, qui se same mound where mighty Hector lies he struck Bebrycia ueniens Amyci de gente ferebat, the victorious Butes, borne of the Bebrycian race of perculit et fulua moribundum extendit harena. Amycus, as he came forward, vast in bulk, and talis prima Dares caput altum in proelia tollit, 375 stretched him dying on the yellow sand. Such was ostenditque umeros latos alternaque iactat Dares who lifted his head up for the bout at once, bracchia protendens et uerberat ictibus auras. showed his broad shoulders, stretched his arms out, quaeritur huic alius; nec quisquam ex agmine tanto sparring to right and left, and threw punches at the audet adire uirum manibusque inducere caestus. air. A contestant was sought for him, but no one ergo alacris cunctosque putans excedere palma 380 from all that crowd dared face the man, or pull the Aeneae stetit ante pedes, nec plura moratus gloves on his hands. So, cheerfully thinking they tum laeua taurum cornu tenet atque ita fatur: had all conceded the prize, he stands before 'nate dea, si nemo audet se credere pugnae, Aeneas, and without more delay holds the bullock's quae finis standi? quo me decet usque teneri? horn in his left hand and says: "Son of the goddess, ducere dona iube.' cuncti simul ore fremebant 385 if no one dare commit himself to fight, when will Dardanidae reddique uiro promissa iubebant. my standing here end? How long is it right for me Hic grauis Entellum dictis castigat Acestes, to be kept waiting? Order me to lead your gift proximus ut uiridante toro consederat herbae: away." All the Trojans together shout their 'Entelle, heroum quondam fortissime frustra, approval, and demand that what was promised be tantane tam patiens nullo certamine tolli 390 granted him. At this Entellus upbraids Acestes, dona sines? ubi nunc nobis deus ille, magister sitting next to him on a stretch of green grass, with nequiquam memoratus, Eryx? ubi fama per omnem grave words: "Entellus, once the bravest of heroes, Trinacriam et spolia illa tuis pendentia tectis?' was it all in vain, will you let so great a prize be ille sub haec: 'non laudis amor nec gloria cessit carried off without a struggle, and so tamely? pulsa metu; sed enim gelidus tardante senecta 395 Where's our divine master, Eryx, now, famous to sanguis hebet, frigentque effetae in corpore uires. no purpose? Where's your name throughout Sicily, si mihi quae quondam fuerat quaque improbus iste and why are those spoils of battle hanging in your exsultat fidens, si nunc foret illa iuuentas, house?" To this Entellus replies: "It's not that haud equidem pretio inductus pulchroque iuuenco quelled by fear, pride or love of fame has died: but uenissem, nec dona moror.' sic deinde locutus 400 my chill blood is dull with age's sluggishness, and in medium geminos immani pondere caestus the vigour in my body is lifeless and exhausted. If I proiecit, quibus acer Eryx in proelia suetus had what I once had, which that boaster enjoys and ferre manum duroque intendere bracchia tergo. relies on, if that youthfulness were mine now, then obstipuere animi: tantorum ingentia septem I'd certainly have stepped forward, but not seduced terga boum plumbo insuto ferroque rigebant. 405 by prizes or handsome bullocks: I don't care about ante omnis stupet ipse Dares longeque recusat, gifts." Having spoken he throws a pair of gloves of magnanimusque Anchisiades et pondus et ipsa immense weight which fierce Eryx, binding the huc illuc uinclorum immensa uolumina uersat. tough hide onto his hands, used to fight in, into the tum senior talis referebat pectore uoces: middle of the ring. Their minds are stunned: huge 'quid, si quis caestus ipsius et Herculis arma 410 pieces of hide from seven massive oxen are stiff uidisset tristemque hoc ipso in litore pugnam? with the iron and lead sewn into them. Above all haec germanus Eryx quondam tuus arma gerebat Dares himself is astonished, and declines the bout (sanguine cernis adhuc sparsoque infecta cerebro), from a distance, and Anchises's noble son turns the his magnum Alciden contra stetit, his ego suetus, huge volume and weight of the gloves backwards dum melior uiris sanguis dabat, aemula necdum and forwards. Then the older man speaks like this, 415 from his heart: "What if you'd seen the arms and temporibus geminis canebat sparsa senectus. gloves of Hercules himself, and the fierce fight on sed si nostra Dares haec Troius arma recusat this very shore? Your brother Eryx once wore these idque pio sedet Aeneae, probat auctor Acestes, (you see that they're still stained with blood and aequemus pugnas. Erycis tibi terga remitto brain matter) He faced great Hercules in them: I (solue metus), et tu Troianos exue caestus.' 420 used to fight in them when more vigorous blood haec fatus duplicem ex umeris reiecit amictum granted me strength, and envious age had not yet et magnos membrorum artus, magna ossa sprinkled my brow with snow. But if a Trojan, lacertosque Dares, shrinks from these gloves of ours, and good exuit atque ingens media consistit harena. Aeneas accepts it, and Acestes my sponsor agrees, tum satus Anchisa caestus pater extulit aequos let's level the odds. I'll forgo the gloves of Eryx et paribus palmas amborum innexuit armis. 425 (banish your fears): you, throw off your Trojan constitit in digitos extemplo arrectus uterque ones." So speaking he flings his double-sided cloak bracchiaque ad superas interritus extulit auras. from his shoulders, baring the massive muscles of abduxere retro longe capita ardua ab ictu his limbs, his thighs with their huge bones, and immiscentque manus manibus pugnamque stands, a giant, in the centre of the arena. Then our lacessunt, ancestor, Anchises's son, lifts up a like pair of ille pedum melior motu fretusque iuuenta, 430 gloves, and protects the hands of both contestants hic membris et mole ualens; sed tarda trementi equally. Immediately each takes up his stance, genua labant, uastos quatit aeger anhelitus artus. poised on his toes, and fearlessly raises his arms multa uiri nequiquam inter se uulnera iactant, high in front of him. Keeping their heads up and multa cauo lateri ingeminant et pectore uastos well away from the blows they begin to spar, fist to dant sonitus, erratque auris et tempora circum 435 fist, and provoke a battle, the one better at moving crebra manus, duro crepitant sub uulnere malae. his feet, relying on his youth, the other powerful in stat grauis Entellus nisuque immotus eodem limbs and bulk: but his slower legs quiver, his corpore tela modo atque oculis uigilantibus exit. knees are unsteady, and painful gasps shake his ille, uelut celsam oppugnat qui molibus urbem huge body. They throw many hard punches at each aut montana sedet circum castella sub armis, 440 other but in vain, they land many on their curved nunc hos, nunc illos aditus, omnemque pererrat flanks, or their chests are thumped loudly, gloves arte locum et uariis adsultibus inritus urget. often stray to ears and brows, and jaws rattle under ostendit dextram insurgens Entellus et alte the harsh blows. Entellus stands solidly, not extulit, ille ictum uenientem a uertice uelox moving, in the same stance, avoiding the blows praeuidit celerique elapsus corpore cessit; 445 with his watchful eyes and body alone. Dares, like Entellus uiris in uentum effudit et ultro someone who lays siege to a towering city, or ipse grauis grauiterque ad terram pondere uasto surrounds a mountain fortress with weapons, tries concidit, ut quondam caua concidit aut Erymantho this opening and that, seeking everywhere, with his aut Ida in magna radicibus eruta pinus. art, and presses hard with varied but useless consurgunt studiis Teucri et Trinacria pubes; 450 assaults. Then Entellus standing up to him, extends it clamor caelo primusque accurrit Acestes his raised right: the other, foreseeing the downward aequaeuumque ab humo miserans attollit amicum. angle of the imminent blow, slides his nimble body at non tardatus casu neque territus heros aside, and retreats: Entellus wastes his effort on the acrior ad pugnam redit ac uim suscitat ira; air and the heavy man falls to the ground heavily, tum pudor incendit uiris et conscia uirtus, 455 with his whole weight, as a hollow pine-tree, torn praecipitemque Daren ardens agit aequore toto up by its roots, sometimes falls on Mount nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra. Erymanthus or mighty Mount Ida. The Trojans and nec mora nec requies: quam multa grandine nimbi the Sicilan youths leap up eagerly: a shout lifts to culminibus crepitant, sic densis ictibus heros the sky, and Acestes is the first to run forward and creber utraque manu pulsat uersatque Dareta. 460 with sympathy raises his old friend from the Tum pater Aeneas procedere longius iras ground. But that hero, not slowed or deterred by his et saeuire animis Entellum haud passus acerbis, fall, returns more eagerly to the fight, and generates sed finem imposuit pugnae fessumque Dareta power from anger. Then shame and knowledge of eripuit mulcens dictis ac talia fatur: his own ability revive his strength, and he drives 'infelix, quae tanta animum dementia cepit? 465 Dares in fury headlong across the whole arena, non uiris alias conuersaque numina sentis? doubling his punches now, to right and left. No cede deo.' dixitque et proelia uoce diremit. pause, or rest: like the storm clouds rattling their ast illum fidi aequales genua aegra trahentem dense hailstones on the roof, as heavy are the blows iactantemque utroque caput crassumque cruorem from either hand, as the hero continually batters at ore eiectantem mixtosque in sanguine dentes 470 Dares and destroys him. Then Aeneas, their leader, ducunt ad nauis; galeamque ensemque uocati would not allow the wrath to continue longer, nor accipiunt, palmam Entello taurumque relinquunt. Entellus to rage with such bitterness of spirit, but hic uictor superans animis tauroque superbus put an end to the contest, and rescued the weary 'nate dea, uosque haec' inquit 'cognoscite, Teucri, Dares, speaking gently to him with these words: et mihi quae fuerint iuuenali in corpore uires 475 "Unlucky man, why let such savagery depress your et qua seruetis reuocatum a morte Dareta.' spirits? Don't you see another has the power: the dixit, et aduersi contra stetit ora iuuenci gods have changed sides? Yield to the gods." He qui donum astabat pugnae, durosque reducta spoke and, speaking, broke up the fight. But Dare's librauit dextra media inter cornua caestus loyal friends led him away to the ships, his arduus, effractoque inlisit in ossa cerebro: 480 weakened knees collapsing, his head swaying from sternitur exanimisque tremens procumbit humi bos. side to side, spitting out clots of blood from his ille super talis effundit pectore uoces: mouth, teeth amongst them. Called back they 'hanc tibi, Eryx, meliorem animam pro morte accept the helmet and sword, leaving the winner's Daretis palm and the bullock for Entellus. At this the victor persoluo; hic uictor caestus artemque repono.' exultant in spirit and glorying in the bullock, said: "Son of the Goddess, and all you Trojans, know now what physical strength I had in my youth, and from what fate you've recalled and rescued Dares." He spoke and planted himself opposite the bullock, still standing there as prize for the bout, then, drawing back his right fist, aimed the hard glove between the horns and broke its skull scattering the brains: the ox fell quivering to the ground, stretched out lifeless. Standing over it he poured these words from his chest: "Eryx, I offer you this, the better animal, for Dares's life: the winner here, I relinquish the gloves and my art." Lines 485-544 The Archery Contest Protinus Aeneas celeri certare sagitta 485 Immediately Aeneas invites together all who might inuitat qui forte uelint et praemia dicit, wish to compete with their swift arrows, and sets ingentique manu malum de naue Seresti out the prizes. With a large company he raises a erigit et uolucrem traiecto in fune columbam, mast from Serestus's ship, and ties a fluttering quo tendant ferrum, malo suspendit ab alto. dove, at which they can aim their shafts, to a cord conuenere uiri deiectamque aerea sortem 490 piercing the high mast. The men gather and a accepit galea, et primus clamore secundo bronze helmet receives the lots tossed into it: the Hyrtacidae ante omnis exit locus Hippocoontis; first of them all to be drawn, to cheers of support, is quem modo nauali Mnestheus certamine uictor Hippocoon son of Hyrtaces, followed by consequitur, uiridi Mnestheus euinctus oliua. Mnestheus, the winner of the boat race a while ago: tertius Eurytion, tuus, o clarissime, frater, 495 Mnestheus crowned with green olive. Eurytion's the Pandare, qui quondam iussus confundere foedus third, your brother, O famous Pandorus, who, in medios telum torsisti primus Achiuos. ordered to wreck the treaty, in the past, was the first extremus galeaque ima subsedit Acestes, to hurl his spear amongst the Greeks. Acestes is the ausus et ipse manu iuuenum temptare laborem. last name out from the depths of the helmet, daring tum ualidis flexos incuruant uiribus arcus 500 to try his own hand at the youthful contest. Then pro se quisque uiri et depromunt tela pharetris, they take arrows from their quivers, and, each man primaque per caelum neruo stridente sagitta for himself, with vigorous strength, bends the bow Hyrtacidae iuuenis uolucris diuerberat auras, into an arc, and first through the air from the et uenit aduersique infigitur arbore mali. twanging string the son of Hyrcanus's shaft, cutting intremuit malus micuitque exterrita pennis 505 the swift breeze, reaches the mark, and strikes deep ales, et ingenti sonuerunt omnia plausu. into the mast. The mast quivered, the bird fluttered post acer Mnestheus adducto constitit arcu its wings in fear, and there was loud applause from alta petens, pariterque oculos telumque tetendit. all sides. Then Mnestheus eagerly took his stand ast ipsam miserandus auem contingere ferro with bent bow, aiming high, his arrow notched non ualuit; nodos et uincula linea rupit 510 level with his eyes. But to his dismay he was not quis innexa pedem malo pendebat ab alto; able to hit the bird herself with the shaft, but broke illa Notos atque atra uolans in nubila fugit. the knots of hemp cord that tied her foot as it hung tum rapidus, iamdudum arcu contenta parato from the mast: she fled to the north wind and the tela tenens, fratrem Eurytion in uota uocauit, dark clouds, in flight. Then Eurytion who had been iam uacuo laetam caelo speculatus et alis 515 holding his bow ready, with drawn arrow for some plaudentem nigra figit sub nube columbam. time, called on his brother to note his vow, quickly decidit exanimis uitamque reliquit in astris eyed the dove, enjoying the freedom of the skies, aetheriis fixamque refert delapsa sagittam. and transfixed her, as she beat her wings beneath a Amissa solus palma superabat Acestes, dark cloud. She dropped lifeless, leaving her spirit qui tamen aerias telum contendit in auras 520 with the starry heavens, and, falling, brought back ostentans artemque pater arcumque sonantem. to earth the shaft that pierced her. Acestes alone hic oculis subitum obicitur magnoque futurum remained: the prize was lost: yet he still shot his augurio monstrum; docuit post exitus ingens arrow high into the air, showing an older man's seraque terrifici cecinerunt omina uates. skill, the bow twanging. Then a sudden wonder namque uolans liquidis in nubibus arsit harundo appeared before their eyes, destined to be of great 525 meaning: the time to come unveiled its crucial signauitque uiam flammis tenuisque recessit outcome, and great seers of the future celebrated it consumpta in uentos, caelo ceu saepe refixa as an omen. The arrow, flying through the passing transcurrunt crinemque uolantia sidera ducunt. clouds, caught fire marked out its path with flames, attonitis haesere animis superosque precati then vanished into thin air, as shooting stars, loosed Trinacrii Teucrique uiri, nec maximus omen 530 from heaven often transit the sky, drawing their abnuit Aeneas, sed laetum amplexus Acesten tresses after them. Astonished, the Trinacrians and muneribus cumulat magnis ac talia fatur: Trojans stood rooted to the spot, praying to the 'sume, pater, nam te uoluit rex magnus Olympi gods: nor did their great leader Aeneas reject the talibus auspiciis exsortem ducere honores. sign, but embracing the joyful Acestes, loaded him ipsius Anchisae longaeui hoc munus habebis, 535 with handsome gifts and spoke as follows: "Take cratera impressum signis, quem Thracius olim these, old man: since the high king of Olympus Anchisae genitori in magno munere Cisseus shows, by these omens, that he wishes you to take ferre sui dederat monimentum et pignus amoris.' extraordinary honours. You shall have this gift, sic fatus cingit uiridanti tempora lauro owned by aged Anchises himself, a bowl engraved et primum ante omnis uictorem appellat Acesten. with figures, that Cisseus of Thrace once long ago 540 gave Anchises my father as a memento of himself, nec bonus Eurytion praelato inuidit honori, and as a pledge of his friendship." So saying he quamuis solus auem caelo deiecit ab alto. wreathed his brow with green laurel and proximus ingreditur donis qui uincula rupit, proclaimed Acestes the highest victor among them extremus uolucri qui fixit harundine malum. all. Nor did good Eurytion begrudge the special prize, though he alone brought the bird down from the sky. Next he who cut the cord stepped forward for his reward, and lastly he who's swift shaft had transfixed the mast. Lines 545-603 The Exhibition of Horsemanship At pater Aeneas nondum certamine misso 545 But before the match is complete Aeneas the leader custodem ad sese comitemque impubis Iuli calls Epytides to him, companion and guardian of Epytiden uocat, et fidam sic fatur ad aurem: young Iulus, and speaks into his loyal ear: "Off! 'uade age et Ascanio, si iam puerile paratum Go! Tell Ascanius, if he has his troop of boys ready agmen habet secum cursusque instruxit equorum, with him, and is prepared for the horse-riding to ducat auo turmas et sese ostendat in armis 550 show himself with his weapons, and lead them out dic' ait. ipse omnem longo decedere circo in honour of his grandfather." He himself orders the infusum populum et campos iubet esse patentis. whole crowd of people to leave the lengthy circuit, incedunt pueri pariterque ante ora parentum emptying the field. The boys arrive, and glitter frenatis lucent in equis, quos omnis euntis together on their bridled horses under their fathers' Trinacriae mirata fremit Troiaeque iuuentus. 555 gaze, and the men of Troy and Sicily murmur in omnibus in morem tonsa coma pressa corona; admiration as they go by. They all have their hair cornea bina ferunt praefixa hastilia ferro, properly circled by a cut garland: they each carry pars leuis umero pharetras; it pectore summo two cornel-wood spears tipped with steel, some flexilis obtorti per collum circulus auri. have shining quivers on their shoulders: a flexible tres equitum numero turmae ternique uagantur 560 torque of twisted gold sits high on their chests ductores; pueri bis seni quemque secuti around the neck. The troops of horse are three in agmine partito fulgent paribusque magistris. number, and three leaders ride ahead: two groups of una acies iuuenum, ducit quam paruus ouantem six boys follow each, commanded alike and set out nomen aui referens Priamus, tua clara, Polite, in gleaming ranks. One line of youths is led progenies, auctura Italos; quem Thracius albis 565 joyfully by little Priam, recalling his grandfather's portat equus bicolor maculis, uestigia primi name, your noble child, Polites, seed of the Italians: alba pedis frontemque ostentans arduus albam. whom a piebald Thracian horse carries, showing alter Atys, genus unde Atii duxere Latini, white pasterns as it steps, and a high white paruus Atys pueroque puer dilectus Iulo. forehead. Next is Atys, from whom the Latin Atii extremus formaque ante omnis pulcher Iulus 570 trace their line, little Atys, a boy loved by the boy Sidonio est inuectus equo, quem candida Dido Iulus. Last, and most handsome of all in esse sui dederat monimentum et pignus amoris. appearance, Iulus himself rides a Sidonian horse, cetera Trinacriis pubes senioris Acestae that radiant Dido had given him as a remembrance fertur equis. of herself, and a token of her love. The rest of the excipiunt plausu pauidos gaudentque tuentes 575 youths ride the Sicilian horses of old Acestes. The Dardanidae, ueterumque agnoscunt ora parentum. Trojans greet the shy lads with applause, and postquam omnem laeti consessum oculosque delight in gazing at them, seeing their ancient suorum families in their faces. When they have ridden lustrauere in equis, signum clamore paratis happily round the whole assembly under the eyes Epytides longe dedit insonuitque flagello. of their kin, Epytides with a prolonged cry gives olli discurrere pares atque agmina terni 580 the agreed signal and cracks his whip. They gallop diductis soluere choris, rursusque uocati apart in two equal detachments, the three groups conuertere uias infestaque tela tulere. parting company, and dissolving their columns, inde alios ineunt cursus aliosque recursus then, recalled, they wheel round, and charge with aduersi spatiis, alternosque orbibus orbis level lances. Then they perform other figures and impediunt pugnaeque cient simulacra sub armis; counter-figures in opposing ranks, and weave in 585 circles inside counter-circles, and perform a et nunc terga fuga nudant, nunc spicula uertunt simulated battle with weapons. Now their backs are infensi, facta pariter nunc pace feruntur. exposed in flight, now they turn their spears to ut quondam Creta fertur Labyrinthus in alta charge, now ride side by side in peace. Like the parietibus textum caecis iter ancipitemque Labyrinth in mountainous Crete, they say, that mille uiis habuisse dolum, qua signa sequendi 590 contained a path winding between blind walls, frangeret indeprensus et inremeabilis error; wandering with guile through a thousand turnings, haud alio Teucrum nati uestigia cursu so that undetected and irretraceable errors might impediunt texuntque fugas et proelia ludo, foil any guidelines that might be followed: so the delphinum similes qui per maria umida nando Trojan children twine their steps in just such a Carpathium Libycumque secant. 595 pattern, weaving battle and flight, in their display, hunc morem cursus atque haec certamina primus like dolphins swimming through the ocean streams, Ascanius, Longam muris cum cingeret Albam, cutting the Carpathian and Lybian waters, and rettulit et priscos docuit celebrare Latinos, playing among the waves. Ascanius first revived quo puer ipse modo, secum quo Troia pubes; this kind of riding, and this contest, when he Albani docuere suos; hinc maxima porro 600 encircled Alba Longa with walls, and taught the accepit Roma et patrium seruauit honorem; Early Latins to celebrate it in the way he and the Troiaque nunc pueri, Troianum dicitur agmen. Trojan youth had done together: the Albans taught hac celebrata tenus sancto certamina patri. their children: mighty Rome received it from them in turn, and preserved the ancestral rite: and today the boys are called 'Troy' and their procession 'Trojan'. So the games are completed celebrating Aeneas's sacred father. Lines 604-663 Juno Sends Iris to Fire the Trojan Ships Hinc primum Fortuna fidem mutata nouauit. Here Fortune first alters, switching loyalties. While dum uariis tumulo referunt sollemnia ludis, 605 they, with their various games, are paying due Irim de caelo misit Saturnia Iuno honours to the tomb, Saturnian Juno sends Iris Iliacam ad classem uentosque aspirat eunti, down from the sky to the Trojan fleet, breathing out multa mouens necdum antiquum saturata dolorem. a breeze for her passage, thinking deeply about her illa uiam celerans per mille coloribus arcum ancient grievance which is yet unsatisfied. Iris, nulli uisa cito decurrit tramite uirgo. 610 hurrying on her way along a rainbow's thousand conspicit ingentem concursum et litora lustrat colours speeds swiftly down her track, a girl desertosque uidet portus classemque relictam. unseen. She views the great crowd, and scans the at procul in sola secretae Troades acta shore, sees the harbour deserted, and the ships amissum Anchisen flebant, cunctaeque profundum abandoned. But far away on the lonely sands the pontum aspectabant flentes. heu tot uada fessis 615 Trojan women are weeping Anchises's loss, and all, et tantum superesse maris, uox omnibus una; weeping, gaze at the deep ocean. "Ah, what waves urbem orant, taedet pelagi perferre laborem. and seas are still left for weary folk!" They are all ergo inter medias sese haud ignara nocendi of one voice. They pray for a city: they tire of conicit et faciemque deae uestemque reponit; enduring suffering on the waves. So Iris, not fit Beroe, Tmarii coniunx longaeua Dorycli, 620 ignorant of mischief, darts among them, setting cui genus et quondam nomen natique fuissent, aside the appearance and robes of a goddess: ac sic Dardanidum mediam se matribus infert. becoming Beroe, the old wife of Tmarian Doryclus, 'o miserae, quas non manus' inquit 'Achaica bello who had once had family, sons, and a famous traxerit ad letum patriae sub moenibus! o gens name. and as such moves among the Trojan infelix, cui te exitio Fortuna reseruat? 625 mothers, saying: "O wretched ones, whom Greek septima post Troiae excidium iam uertitur aestas, hands failed to drag to death in the war beneath our cum freta, cum terras omnis, tot inhospita saxa native walls! O unhappy people what fate does sideraque emensae ferimur, dum per mare magnum Fortune reserve for you? The seventh summer is on Italiam sequimur fugientem et uoluimur undis. the turn since Troy's destruction, and we endure the hic Erycis fines fraterni atque hospes Acestes: 630 crossing of every sea and shore, so many quis prohibet muros iacere et dare ciuibus urbem? inhospitable stones and stars, while we chase over o patria et rapti nequiquam ex hoste penates, the vast sea after an Italy that flees from us, tossing nullane iam Troiae dicentur moenia? nusquam upon the waves. Here are the borders of our brother Hectoreos amnis, Xanthum et Simoenta, uidebo? Eryx and our host Acestes: what stops us building quin agite et mecum infaustas exurite puppis. 635 walls and granting our citizens a city? O fatherland, nam mihi Cassandrae per somnum uatis imago O gods of our houses, rescued from the enemy in ardentis dare uisa faces: "hic quaerite Troiam; vain, will no city now be called Troy? Shall I see hic domus est" inquit "uobis." iam tempus agi res, nowhere a Xanthus or a Simois, Hector's rivers? nec tantis mora prodigiis. en quattuor arae Come now, and burn these accursed ships with me. Neptuno; deus ipse faces animumque ministrat.' For the ghost of Cassandra, the prophetess, seemed 640 to hand me burning torches in dream: 'Seek Troy haec memorans prima infensum ui corripit ignem here: here is your home' she said. Now is the time sublataque procul dextra conixa coruscat for deeds, not delay, given such portents. See, four et iacit. arrectae mentes stupefactaque corda altars to Neptune: the god himself lends us fire and Iliadum. hic una e multis, quae maxima natu, the courage." So saying she first of all firmly seizes Pyrgo, tot Priami natorum regia nutrix: 645 the dangerous flame and, straining to lift it high, 'non Beroe uobis, non haec Rhoeteia, matres, brandishes it, and hurls it. The minds of the Trojan est Dorycli coniunx; diuini signa decoris women are startled, and their wits stunned. Here, ardentisque notate oculos, qui spiritus illi, one of the crowd, Pyrgo, the eldest, the royal nurse qui uultus uocisque sonus uel gressus eunti. of so many of Priam's sons, says: "This is not ipsa egomet dudum Beroen digressa reliqui 650 Beroe, you women, this is no wife of Rhoetitian aegram, indignantem tali quod sola careret Doryclus: look at the signs of divine beauty and the munere nec meritos Anchisae inferret honores.' burning eyes, the spirit she possesses, her form, the haec effata. sound of her voice, her footsteps as she moves. Just at matres primo ancipites oculisque malignis now I myself left Beroe, sick and unhappy, that she ambiguae spectare rates miserum inter amorem 655 alone was missing so important a rite and could not praesentis terrae fatisque uocantia regna, pay Anchises the offerings due to him." So she cum dea se paribus per caelum sustulit alis speaks. At first the women gaze in uncertainty at ingentemque fuga secuit sub nubibus arcum. the ships, with angry glances, torn between a tum uero attonitae monstris actaeque furore wretched yearning for the land they have reached, conclamant, rapiuntque focis penetralibus ignem, and the kingdom fate calls them to, when the 660 goddess, climbs the sky on soaring wings, cutting a pars spoliant aras, frondem ac uirgulta facesque giant rainbow in her flight through the clouds. Then coniciunt. furit immissis Uolcanus habenis truly amazed at the wonder, and driven by transtra per et remos et pictas abiete puppis. madness, they cry out and some snatch fire from the innermost hearths, others strip the altars, and throw on leaves and twigs and burning brands. Fire rages unchecked among the benches, and oars, and the hulls of painted pine. Lines 664-699 The Fleet Is Saved Nuntius Anchisae ad tumulum cuneosque theatri Eumelus carries the news of the burning ships to incensas perfert nauis Eumelus, et ipsi 665 Anchises's tomb and the ranks of the ampitheatre, respiciunt atram in nimbo uolitare fauillam. and looking behind them they themselves see dark primus et Ascanius, cursus ut laetus equestris ash floating upwards in a cloud. Ascanius is first to ducebat, sic acer equo turbata petiuit turn his horse eagerly towards the troubled castra, nec exanimes possunt retinere magistri. encampment, as joyfully as he led his galloping 'quis furor iste nouus? quo nunc, quo tenditis' inquit troop, and his breathless guardians cannot reign 670 him back. "What new madness is this? He cries. 'heu miserae ciues? non hostem inimicaque castra "What now, what do you aim at, wretched women? Argiuum, uestras spes uritis. en, ego uester You're burning your own hopes not the enemy, nor Ascanius!'—galeam ante pedes proiecit inanem, a hostile Greek camp. See I am your Ascanius!" qua ludo indutus belli simulacra ciebat. And he flung his empty helmet in front of his feet, accelerat simul Aeneas, simul agmina Teucrum. that he'd worn as he'd inspired his pretence of battle 675 in play. Aeneas hurries there too, and the Trojan ast illae diuersa metu per litora passim companies. But the women scatter in fear here and diffugiunt, siluasque et sicubi concaua furtim there along the shore, and stealthily head for the saxa petunt; piget incepti lucisque, suosque woods and any cavernous rocks: they hate what mutatae agnoscunt excussaque pectore Iuno est. they've done and the light, with sober minds they Sed non idcirco flamma atque incendia uiris 680 recognise their kin, and Juno is driven from their indomitas posuere; udo sub robore uiuit hearts. But the roaring flames don't lose their stuppa uomens tardum fumum, lentusque carinas indomitable fury just for that: the pitch is alight est uapor et toto descendit corpore pestis, under the wet timbers, slowly belching smoke, the nec uires heroum infusaque flumina prosunt. keel is gradually burned, and the pestilence sinks tum pius Aeneas umeris abscindere uestem 685 through a whole hull, nor are heroic strength or auxilioque uocare deos et tendere palmas: floods of water any use. Then virtuous Aeneas tears 'Iuppiter omnipotens, si nondum exosus ad unum the clothes from his chest, and calls on the gods for Troianos, si quid pietas antiqua labores help, lifting his hands: "All-powerful Jupiter, if you respicit humanos, da flammam euadere classi don't hate the Trojans to a man, if your former nunc, pater, et tenuis Teucrum res eripe leto. 690 affection has regard for human suffering, let the uel tu, quod superest, infesto fulmine morti, fleet escape the flames now, Father, and save our si mereor, demitte tuaque hic obrue dextra.' slender Trojan hopes from ruin: or if I deserve this, uix haec ediderat cum effusis imbribus atra send what is left of us to death with your angry tempestas sine more furit tonitruque tremescunt lightning-bolt, and overwhelm us with your hand." ardua terrarum et campi; ruit aethere toto 695 He had barely spoken, when a dark storm with turbidus imber aqua densisque nigerrimus Austris, pouring rain rages without check and the high hills implenturque super puppes, semusta madescunt and plains quake with thunder: a murky downpour robora, restinctus donec uapor omnis et omnes falls from the whole sky, the blackest of heavy quattuor amissis seruatae a peste carinae. southerlies, and the ships are brimming, the half- burnt timbers soaked, until all the heat is quenched, and all the hulls except four, are saved from the pestilence. Lines 700-745 Nautes' Advice and Anchises' Ghost At pater Aeneas casu concussus acerbo 700 But Aeneas, the leader, stunned by the bitter blow, nunc huc ingentis, nunc illuc pectore curas pondered his great worries, turning them this way mutabat uersans, Siculisne resideret aruis and that in his mind. Should he settle in Sicily's oblitus fatorum, Italasne capesseret oras. fields, forgetting his destiny, or strike out for Italian tum senior Nautes, unum Tritonia Pallas shores? Then old Nautes, whom alone Tritonian quem docuit multaque insignem reddidit arte— 705 Pallas had taught, and rendered famous for his great haec responsa dabat, uel quae portenderet ira skill (she gave him answers, telling what the great magna deum uel quae fatorum posceret ordo; gods' anger portended, or what the course of isque his Aenean solatus uocibus infit: destiny demanded), began to solace Aeneas with 'nate dea, quo fata trahunt retrahuntque sequamur; these words: "Son of the Goddess, let us follow quidquid erit, superanda omnis fortuna ferendo est. wherever fate ebbs or flows, whatever comes, every 710 fortune may be conquered by endurance. You have est tibi Dardanius diuinae stirpis Acestes: Trojan Acestes of the line of the gods: let him share hunc cape consiliis socium et coniunge uolentem, your decisions and be a willing partner, entrust to huic trade amissis superant qui nauibus et quos him those who remain from the lost ships, and pertaesum magni incepti rerumque tuarum est. those tired of your great venture and your affairs: longaeuosque senes ac fessas aequore matres 715 Select also aged men and women exhausted by the et quidquid tecum inualidum metuensque pericli est sea, and anyone with you who is frail, or afraid of delige, et his habeant terris sine moenia fessi; danger, and let the weary have their city in this urbem appellabunt permisso nomine Acestam.' land: and if agreed they will call it by Acestes's Talibus incensus dictis senioris amici name." Then roused by such words from an aged tum uero in curas animo diducitur omnis; 720 friend, Aeneas's heart was truly torn between so et Nox atra polum bigis subuecta tenebat. many cares. And now black Night in her chariot, uisa dehinc caelo facies delapsa parentis borne upwards, occupied the heavens: and the Anchisae subito talis effundere uoces: likeness of his father Anchises seemed to glide 'nate, mihi uita quondam, dum uita manebat, down from the sky, and speak so: "Son, dearer to care magis, nate Iliacis exercite fatis, 725 me than life, when life remained, my son, troubled imperio Iouis huc uenio, qui classibus ignem by Troy's fate, I come here at Jove's command, he depulit, et caelo tandem miseratus ab alto est. who drove the fire from the ships, and at last takes consiliis pare quae nunc pulcherrima Nautes pity on you from high heaven. Follow the dat senior; lectos iuuenes, fortissima corda, handsome advice that old Nautus gives: take defer in Italiam. gens dura atque aspera cultu 730 chosen youth, and the bravest hearts, to Italy. In debellanda tibi Latio est. Ditis tamen ante Latium you must subdue a tough race, harshly infernas accede domos et Auerna per alta trained. Yet, first, go to the infernal halls of Dis, congressus pete, nate, meos. non me impia namque and in deep Avernus seek a meeting with me, my Tartara habent, tristes umbrae, sed amoena piorum son. For impious Tartarus, with its sad shades, does concilia Elysiumque colo. huc casta Sibylla 735 not hold me, I live in Elysium, and the lovely nigrarum multo pecudum te sanguine ducet. gatherings of the blessed. Here the chaste Sibyl will tum genus omne tuum et quae dentur moenia bring you, with much blood of black sheep. Then disces. you'll learn all about your race, and the city granted iamque uale; torquet medios Nox umida cursus you. Now: farewell. Dew-wet Night turns mid- et me saeuus equis Oriens adflauit anhelis.' course, and cruel Morning, with panting steeds, dixerat et tenuis fugit ceu fumus in auras. 740 breathes on me." He spoke and fled like smoke into Aeneas 'quo deinde ruis? quo proripis?' inquit, thin air. "Where are you rushing to? Aeneas cried, 'quem fugis? aut quis te nostris complexibus arcet?' "Where are you hurrying? Who do you flee? Who haec memorans cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignis, bars you from my embrace?" So saying he revived Pergameumque Larem et canae penetralia Uestae the embers of the slumbering fires, and paid farre pio et plena supplex ueneratur acerra. 745 reverence, humbly, with sacred grain and a full censer, to the Trojan Lar, and the inner shrine of white-haired Vesta. Lines 746-778 Departure from Sicily Extemplo socios primumque accersit Acesten Immediately he summoned his companions, et Iouis imperium et cari praecepta parentis Acestes first of all, and told them of Jove's edocet et quae nunc animo sententia constet. command, and his dear father's counsel, and the haud mora consiliis, nec iussa recusat Acestes: decision he had reached in his mind. There was transcribunt urbi matres populumque uolentem 750 little delay in their discussions, and Acestes did not deponunt, animos nil magnae laudis egentis. refuse to accept his orders. They transferred the ipsi transtra nouant flammisque ambesa reponunt women to the new city's roll, and settled there those robora nauigiis, aptant remosque rudentisque, who wished, spirits with no desire for great glory. exigui numero, sed bello uiuida uirtus. They themselves, thinned in their numbers, but interea Aeneas urbem designat aratro 755 with manhood fully alive to war, renewed the sortiturque domos; hoc Ilium et haec loca Troiam rowing benches, and replaced the timbers of the esse iubet. gaudet regno Troianus Acestes ships burnt by fire, and fitted oars and rigging. indicitque forum et patribus dat iura uocatis. Meanwhile Aeneas marked out the city limits with tum uicina astris Erycino in uertice sedes a plough and allocated houses: he declared that this fundatur Ueneri Idaliae, tumuloque sacerdos 760 was Ilium and this place Troy. Acestes the Trojan ac lucus late sacer additus Anchiseo. revelled in his kingdom, appointed a court, and Iamque dies epulata nouem gens omnis, et aris gave out laws to the assembled senate. Then a factus honos: placidi strauerunt aequora uenti shrine of Venus of Idalia was dedicated, close to creber et aspirans rursus uocat Auster in altum. the stars, on the tip of Eryx, and they added a exoritur procurua ingens per litora fletus; 765 stretch of sacred grove, and a priest, to Anchises's complexi inter se noctemque diemque morantur. tomb. When all the people had feasted for nine ipsae iam matres, ipsi, quibus aspera quondam days, and offerings had been made at the altars, uisa maris facies et non tolerabile numen, gentle winds calmed the waves and a strong ire uolunt omnemque fugae perferre laborem. Southerly called them again to sea. A great quos bonus Aeneas dictis solatur amicis 770 weeping rose along the curving shore: a day and a et consanguineo lacrimans commendat Acestae. night they clung together in delay. Now the women tris Eryci uitulos et Tempestatibus agnam themselves, to whom the face of the ocean had caedere deinde iubet soluique ex ordine funem. once seemed cruel, and its name intolerable, wish ipse caput tonsae foliis euinctus oliuae to go and suffer all the toils of exile. Good Aeneas stans procul in prora pateram tenet, extaque salsos comforts them with kind words and commends 775 them to his kinsman Acestes with tears. Then he proicit in fluctus ac uina liquentia fundit. orders three calves to be sacrificed to Eryx, a lamb certatim socii feriunt mare et aequora uerrunt; to the Storm-gods, and for the hawsers to be duly prosequitur surgens a puppi uentus euntis. freed. He himself, standing some way off on the prow, his brow wreathed with leaves of cut olive, holds a cup, throws the entrails into the salt waves, and pours out the clear wine. A wind, rising astern, follows their departure: his friends in rivalry, strike the waves, and sweep the waters. Lines 779-834 Venus Seeks Neptune's Help At Uenus interea Neptunum exercita curis But meanwhile Venus, tormented by anxiety speaks adloquitur talisque effundit pectore questus: 780 to Neptune, and pours out her complaints in this 'Iunonis grauis ira neque exsaturabile pectus manner: "O Neptune, Juno's heavy anger, and her cogunt me, Neptune, preces descendere in omnis; implacable heart, force me to descend to every kind quam nec longa dies pietas nec mitigat ulla, of prayer, she whom no length of time nor any nec Iouis imperio fatisque infracta quiescit. piety can move, nor does she rest, unwearied by non media de gente Phrygum exedisse nefandis 785 fate or Jove's commands. It's not enough that in her urbem odiis satis est nec poenam traxe per omnem wicked hatred she's consumed a city, at the heart of reliquias Troiae: cineres atque ossa peremptae Phrygia, and dragged the survivors of Troy through insequitur. causas tanti sciat illa furoris. extremes of punishment: she pursues the bones and ipse mihi nuper Libycis tu testis in undis ashes of the slaughtered. She alone knows the quam molem subito excierit: maria omnia caelo reason for such fury. You yourself are witness to 790 the trouble she stirred lately in Libyan waters: she miscuit Aeoliis nequiquam freta procellis, confused the whole sea with the sky, daring to do in regnis hoc ausa tuis. this within your realm, relying vainly on Aeolus's per scelus ecce etiam Troianis matribus actis violent storm-winds. See, how, rousing the Trojan exussit foede puppis et classe subegit women, in her wickedness, and disgracefully, she amissa socios ignotae linquere terrae. 795 has burnt their fleet, and, with ships lost, to leave quod superest, oro, liceat dare tuta per undas their friends behind on an unknown shore. I beg uela tibi, liceat Laurentem attingere Thybrim, you to let the rest sail safely through your seas, let si concessa peto, si dant ea moenia Parcae.' them reach Laurentine Tiber, if I ask what is tum Saturnius haec domitor maris edidit alti: allowed, if the Fates grant them their city." Then 'fas omne est, Cytherea, meis te fidere regnis, 800 the son of Saturn, the master of the deep oceans, unde genus ducis. merui quoque; saepe furores said this: "You've every right to trust in my realms, compressi et rabiem tantam caelique marisque. Cytherea, from which you draw your own origin. nec minor in terris, Xanthum Simoentaque testor, Also I've earned it: I've often controlled the rage Aeneae mihi cura tui. cum Troia Achilles and fury of sea and sky. Nor has my concern been exanimata sequens impingeret agmina muris, 805 less for your Aeneas on land (I call Xanthus and milia multa daret leto, gemerentque repleti Simois as witnesses). When Achilles chased the amnes nec reperire uiam atque euoluere posset Trojan ranks, in their panic, forcing them to the in mare se Xanthus, Pelidae tunc ego forti wall, and sent many thousands to death, and the congressum Aenean nec dis nec uiribus aequis rivers choked and groaned, and Xanthus could not nube caua rapui, cuperem cum uertere ab imo 810 find his course or roll down to the sea, then it was I structa meis manibus periurae moenia Troiae. who caught up Aeneas in a thick mist, as he met nunc quoque mens eadem perstat mihi; pelle that brave son of Peleus, when neither the gods nor timores. his own strength favoured him, though I longed to tutus, quos optas, portus accedet Auerni. destroy the walls of lying Troy, that my hands had unus erit tantum amissum quem gurgite quaeres; built, from the ground up. Now also my mind unum pro multis dabitur caput.' 815 remains the same: dispel your fears. He will reach his ubi laeta deae permulsit pectora dictis, the harbours of Avernus, safely, as you ask. There iungit equos auro genitor, spumantiaque addit will only be one, lost in the waves, whom you will frena feris manibusque omnis effundit habenas. look for: one life that will be given for the many." caeruleo per summa leuis uolat aequora curru; When he had soothed the goddess's heart, she subsidunt undae tumidumque sub axe tonanti 820 joying at his words, Father Neptune yoked his wild sternitur aequor aquis, fugiunt uasto aethere nimbi. horses with gold, set the bits in their foaming tum uariae comitum facies, immania cete, mouths, and, with both hands, gave them free rein. et senior Glauci chorus Inousque Palaemon He sped lightly over the ocean in his sea-green Tritonesque citi Phorcique exercitus omnis; chariot, the waves subsided and the expanse of laeua tenet Thetis et Melite Panopeaque uirgo, 825 swollen waters grew calm under the thunderous Nisaee Spioque Thaliaque Cymodoceque. axle: the storm-clouds vanished from the open sky. Hic patris Aeneae suspensam blanda uicissim Then came his multi-formed followers, great gaudia pertemptant mentem; iubet ocius omnis whales, Glaucus's aged band, Palaemon Ino's son, attolli malos, intendi bracchia uelis. the swift Tritons, and all of Phorcus's host: the left una omnes fecere pedem pariterque sinistros, 830 hand taken by Thetis, Melite and virgin Panopea, nunc dextros soluere sinus; una ardua torquent Nesaea, and Spio, Thalia, and Cymodoce. At this, cornua detorquentque; ferunt sua flamina classem. soothing joy in turn pervaded father Aeneas's princeps ante omnis densum Palinurus agebat anxious mind: he ordered all to raise their masts agmen; ad hunc alii cursum contendere iussi. quickly, and the sails to be unfurled from the yard- arms. Together they hauled on the ropes and let out the canvas as one, now to port and now to starboard: together they swung the high yards about: benign winds drove the fleet along. Palinurus, first of them all, led the close convoy: the rest were ordered to set their course by his. Lines 835-871 The Loss of Palinurus iamque fere mediam caeli Nox umida metam 835 And now dew-wet Night had just reached her contigerat, placida laxabant membra quiete zenith in the sky: the sailors relaxed their limbs in sub remis fusi per dura sedilia nautae, quiet rest stretched out on the hard benches beneath cum leuis aetheriis delapsus Somnus ab astris the oars: when Sleep, gliding lightly down from the aera dimouit tenebrosum et dispulit umbras, heavenly stars, parted the gloomy air, and scattered te, Palinure, petens, tibi somnia tristia portans 840 the shadows, seeking you, bringing you dark insonti; puppique deus consedit in alta dreams, Palinurus, though you were innocent: the Phorbanti similis funditque has ore loquelas: god settled on the high stern, appearing as Phorbas, 'Iaside Palinure, ferunt ipsa aequora classem, and poured these words from his mouth: aequatae spirant aurae, datur hora quieti. "Palinurus, son of Iasus, the seas themselves steer pone caput fessosque oculos furare labori. 845 the fleet, the breezes blow steadily, this hour is ipse ego paulisper pro te tua munera inibo.' granted for rest. Lay down your head and rob your cui uix attollens Palinurus lumina fatur: weary eyes of labour. For a little while, I myself 'mene salis placidi uultum fluctusque quietos will take on your duty for you." Palinurus, barely ignorare iubes? mene huic confidere monstro? lifting his gaze, spoke to him: "Do you tell me to Aenean credam (quid enim?) fallacibus auris 850 trust the sea's placid face, the calm waves? Shall I et caeli totiens deceptus fraude sereni?' set my faith on this monster? Why should I entrust talia dicta dabat, clauumque adfixus et haerens Aeneas to the deceptive breeze, I whom a clear sky nusquam amittebat oculosque sub astra tenebat. has deceived so often?" So he spoke and clinging ecce deus ramum Lethaeo rore madentem hard to the tiller never relaxed his hold, and held uique soporatum Stygia super utraque quassat 855 his sight on the stars. Behold, despite his caution, tempora, cunctantique natantia lumina soluit. the god shook a branch, wet with Lethe's dew, uix primos inopina quies laxauerat artus, soporific with Styx's power, over his brow, and set et super incumbens cum puppis parte reuulsa free his swimming eyes. The first sudden drowse cumque gubernaclo liquidas proiecit in undas had barely relaxed his limbs, when Sleep leant praecipitem ac socios nequiquam saepe uocantem; above him and threw him headlong into the clear 860 waters, tearing away the tiller and part of the stern, ipse uolans tenuis se sustulit ales ad auras. he calling to his friends often, in vain: while the currit iter tutum non setius aequore classis god raised his wings in flight into the empty air. promissisque patris Neptuni interrita fertur. The fleet sailed on its way over the sea, as safely as iamque adeo scopulos Sirenum aduecta subibat, before, gliding on, unaware, as father Neptune had difficilis quondam multorumque ossibus albos 865 promised. And now drawn onwards it was close to (tum rauca adsiduo longe sale saxa sonabant), the Sirens's cliffs, tricky of old, and white with the cum pater amisso fluitantem errare magistro bones of many men, (now the rocks, far off, sensit, et ipse ratem nocturnis rexit in undis boomed loud with the unending breakers) when the multa gemens casuque animum concussus amici: leader realised his ship was wallowing adrift, her 'o nimium caelo et pelago confise sereno, 870 helmsman lost, and he himself steered her through nudus in ignota, Palinure, iacebis harena.' the midnight waters, sighing deeply, and shocked at heart by his friend's fate: "Oh, far too trustful of the calm sea, and the sky, you'll lie naked, Palinurus, on an unknown shore." BOOK VI
Lines 1-55 The Temple at Cumae Sic fatur lacrimans, classique immittit habenas So Aeneas spoke, weeping, gave his fleet full rein, et tandem Euboicis Cumarum adlabitur oris. and glided at last to the shores of Euboean Cumae. obuertunt pelago proras; tum dente tenaci They turned their prows to the sea, secured the ancora fundabat nauis et litora curuae ships' anchors, by the grip of their flukes, and the praetexunt puppes. iuuenum manus emicat ardens 5 curved boats lined the beach. The youthful band litus in Hesperium; quaerit pars semina flammae leapt eagerly to the Hesperian shore: some sought abstrusa in uenis silicis, pars densa ferarum the means of fire contained in veins of flint, some tecta rapit siluas inuentaque flumina monstrat. raided the woods the dense coverts of game, at pius Aeneas arces quibus altus Apollo pointing out streams they found. But pious Aeneas praesidet horrendaeque procul secreta Sibyllae, 10 sought the summits, where Apollo rules on high, antrum immane, petit, magnam cui mentem and the vast cavern nearby, the secret place of the animumque terrifying Sibyl, in whom the Delian prophet Delius inspirat uates aperitque futura. inspires greatness of mind and spirit, and reveals iam subeunt Triuiae lucos atque aurea tecta. the future. Soon they entered the grove of Diana, Daedalus, ut fama est, fugiens Minoia regna and the golden house. Daedalus, so the story goes, praepetibus pennis ausus se credere caelo 15 fleeing from Minos's kingdom, dared to trust insuetum per iter gelidas enauit ad Arctos, himself to the air on swift wings, and, gliding on Chalcidicaque leuis tandem super astitit arce. unknown paths to the frozen North, hovered lightly redditus his primum terris tibi, Phoebe, sacrauit at last above the Chalcidian hill. First returning to remigium alarum posuitque immania templa. earth here, he dedicated his oar-like wings to you in foribus letum Androgeo; tum pendere poenas 20 Phoebus, and built a gigantic temple. On the doors Cecropidae iussi (miserum!) septena quotannis the Death of Androgeos: then the Athenians, corpora natorum; stat ductis sortibus urna. Crecrops's descendants, commanded, sadly, to pay contra elata mari respondet Cnosia tellus: annual tribute of seven of their sons: there the urn hic crudelis amor tauri suppostaque furto stands with the lots drawn. Facing it, rising from Pasiphae mixtumque genus prolesque biformis 25 the sea, the Cretan land is depicted: and here the Minotaurus inest, Ueneris monimenta nefandae, bull's savage passion, Pasiphae's secret union, and hic labor ille domus et inextricabilis error; the Minotaur, hybrid offspring, that mixture of magnum reginae sed enim miseratus amorem species, proof of unnatural relations: the artwork Daedalus ipse dolos tecti ambagesque resoluit, here is that palace, and its inextricable maze: and caeca regens filo uestigia. tu quoque magnam 30 yet Daedalus himself, pitying the noble princess partem opere in tanto, sineret dolor, Icare, haberes. Ariadne's love, unravelled the deceptive tangle of bis conatus erat casus effingere in auro, corridors, guiding Theseus's blind footsteps with bis patriae cecidere manus. quin protinus omnia the clue of thread. You'd have shared largely in perlegerent oculis, ni iam praemissus Achates such a work, Icarus, if grief had allowed, he'd twice adforet atque una Phoebi Triuiaeque sacerdos, 35 attempted to fashion your fate in gold, twice your Deiphobe Glauci, fatur quae talia regi: father's hands fell. Eyes would have read the whole 'non hoc ista sibi tempus spectacula poscit; continuously, if Achetes had not arrived from his nunc grege de intacto septem mactare iuuencos errand, with Deiophobe, Glaucus's daughter, the praestiterit, totidem lectas ex more bidentis.' priestess of Phoebus and Diana, who spoke to the talibus adfata Aenean (nec sacra morantur 40 leader: 'This moment doesn't require your iussa uiri) Teucros uocat alta in templa sacerdos. sightseeing: it would be better to sacrifice seven Excisum Euboicae latus ingens rupis in antrum, bullocks from a virgin herd, and as many carefully quo lati ducunt aditus centum, ostia centum, chosen two-year old sheep.' Having spoken to unde ruunt totidem uoces, responsa Sibyllae. Aeneas in this way (without delay they sacrificed uentum erat ad limen, cum uirgo 'poscere fata 45 as ordered) the priestess called the Trojans to her tempus' ait; 'deus ecce deus!' cui talia fanti high shrine. The vast flank of the Euboean cliff is ante fores subito non uultus, non color unus, pitted with caves, from which a hundred wide non comptae mansere comae; sed pectus anhelum, tunnels, a hundred mouths lead, from which as et rabie fera corda tument, maiorque uideri many voices rush: the Sibyl's replies. They had nec mortale sonans, adflata est numine quando 50 come to the threshold, when the virgin cried out: 'It iam propiore dei. 'cessas in uota precesque, is time to question the Oracle, behold, the god, the Tros' ait 'Aenea? cessas? neque enim ante dehiscent god!' As she so spoke in front of the doors, attonitae magna ora domus.' et talia fata suddenly neither her face nor colour were the same, conticuit. gelidus Teucris per dura cucurrit nor did her hair remain bound, but her chest ossa tremor, funditque preces rex pectore ab imo: heaved, her heart swelled with wild frenzy, she 55 seemed taller, and sounded not-human, for now the power of the god is closer. 'Are you slow with your vows and prayers, Aeneas of Troy, are you slow?' she cried. 'The great lips of the House of Inspiration will not open without.' And so saying she fell silent. An icy shudder ran to the Trojans' very spines, and their leader poured out heartfelt prayers: Lines 56-97 The Sibyl’s Prophecy 'Phoebe, grauis Troiae semper miserate labores, 'Phoebus, you who always pitied Troy‘s intense Dardana qui Paridis derexti tela manusque suffering, who guided the hand of Paris, and the corpus in Aeacidae, magnas obeuntia terras Dardan arrow, against Achilles's body, with you as tot maria intraui duce te penitusque repostas leader I entered all those seas, encircling vast lands, Massylum gentis praetentaque Syrtibus arua: 60 and penetrated the remote Massilian tribes and the iam tandem Italiae fugientis prendimus oras. fields edged by Syrtes: now at last we have the hac Troiana tenus fuerit fortuna secuta; coast of elusive Italy in our grasp: Troy's ill fortune uos quoque Pergameae iam fas est parcere genti, only followed us as far as here. You too with dique deaeque omnes, quibus obstitit Ilium et justice can spare the Trojan race, and all you gods ingens and goddesses to whom the great glory of Ilium and gloria Dardaniae. tuque, o sanctissima uates, 65 Dardania was an offence. O most sacred of praescia uenturi, da (non indebita posco prophetesses, you who see the future, (I ask for no regna meis fatis) Latio considere Teucros lands not owed me by my destiny) grant that we errantisque deos agitataque numina Troiae. Trojans may settle Latium, with the exiled gods and tum Phoebo et Triuiae solido de marmore templum storm-tossed powers of Troy. Then I'll dedicate a instituam festosque dies de nomine Phoebi. 70 temple of solid marble to Phoebus and Diana te quoque magna manent regnis penetralia nostris: Trivia, and sacred days in Phoebus's name. A noble hic ego namque tuas sortis arcanaque fata inner shrine waits for you too in our kingdom. dicta meae genti ponam, lectosque sacrabo, There, gracious one, I will place your oracles, and alma, uiros. foliis tantum ne carmina manda, mystic utterances spoken to my people, and ne turbata uolent rapidis ludibria uentis; 75 consecrate picked men. Only do not write your ipsa canas oro.' finem dedit ore loquendi. verses on the leaves, lest they fly, disordered At Phoebi nondum patiens immanis in antro playthings of the rushing winds: chant them from bacchatur uates, magnum si pectore possit your own mouth.' He put an end to his mouth's excussisse deum; tanto magis ille fatigat speaking. But the wild prophetess raged in her os rabidum, fera corda domans, fingitque cavern, not yet submitting to Phoebus, as if she premendo. 80 might shake the great god from her spirit: yet he ostia iamque domus patuere ingentia centum exhausted her raving mouth all the more, taming sponte sua uatisque ferunt responsa per auras: her wild heart, shaping her by constraint. And now 'o tandem magnis pelagi defuncte periclis the shrine's hundred mighty lips have opened of (sed terrae grauiora manent), in regna Lauini themselves, and carry the seer's answer through the Dardanidae uenient (mitte hanc de pectore curam), air: 'Oh, you who are done with all the perils of the 85 sea, (yet greater await you on land) the Trojans will sed non et uenisse uolent. bella, horrida bella, come to the realm of Lavinium (put that care from et Thybrim multo spumantem sanguine cerno. your heart): but will not enjoy their coming. War, non Simois tibi nec Xanthus nec Dorica castra fierce war, I see: and the Tiber foaming with much defuerint; alius Latio iam partus Achilles, blood. You will not lack a Simois, a Xanthus, a natus et ipse dea; nec Teucris addita Iuno 90 Greek camp: even now another Achilles is born in usquam aberit, cum tu supplex in rebus egenis Latium, he too the son of a goddess: nor will Juno, quas gentis Italum aut quas non oraueris urbes! the Trojans' bane, be ever far away, while you, causa mali tanti coniunx iterum hospita Teucris humbled and destitute, what races and cities of Italy externique iterum thalami. will you not beg in! Once again a foreign bride is tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito, 95 the cause of all these Trojan ills, once more an alien qua tua te Fortuna sinet. uia prima salutis marriage. Do not give way to misfortunes, meet (quod minime reris) Graia pandetur ab urbe.' them more bravely, as your destiny allows. The path of safety will open up for you from where you least imagine it, a Greek city.' Lines 98-155 Aeneas Asks Entry to Hades Talibus ex adyto dictis Cumaea Sibylla With such words, the Sibyl of Cumae chants fearful horrendas canit ambages antroque remugit, enigmas, from her shrine, echoing from the cave, obscuris uera inuoluens: ea frena furenti 100 tangling truths and mysteries: as she raves, Apollo concutit et stimulos sub pectore uertit Apollo. thrashes the reins, and twists the spur under her ut primum cessit furor et rabida ora quierunt, breast. When the frenzy quietens, and the mad incipit Aeneas heros: 'non ulla laborum, mouth hushes, Aeneas, the Hero, begins: ‗O Virgin, o uirgo, noua mi facies inopinaue surgit; no new, unexpected kind of suffering appears: I‘ve omnia praecepi atque animo mecum ante peregi. foreseen them all and travelled them before, in my 105 own spirit. One thing I ask: for they say the gate of unum oro: quando hic inferni ianua regis the King of Darkness is here, and the shadowy dicitur et tenebrosa palus Acheronte refuso, marsh, Acheron‘s overflow: let me have sight of ire ad conspectum cari genitoris et ora my dear father, his face: show me the way, open contingat; doceas iter et sacra ostia pandas. wide the sacred doors. I saved him, brought him out illum ego per flammas et mille sequentia tela 110 from the thick of the enemy, through the flames, on eripui his umeris medioque ex hoste recepi; these shoulders, with a thousand spears behind me: ille meum comitatus iter maria omnia mecum companion on my journey, he endured with me all atque omnis pelagique minas caelique ferebat, the seas, all the threats of sky and ocean, weak, inualidus, uiris ultra sortemque senectae. beyond his power, and his allotted span of old age. quin, ut te supplex peterem et tua limina adirem, He ordered me, with prayers, to seek you out, 115 humbly, and approach your threshold: I ask you, idem orans mandata dabat. gnatique patrisque, kindly one, pity both father and son: since you are alma, precor, miserere (potes namque omnia, nec te all power, not for nothing has Hecate set you to rule nequiquam lucis Hecate praefecit Auernis), the groves of Avernus. If Orpheus could summon si potuit manis accersere coniugis Orpheus the shade of his wife, relying on his Thracian lyre, Threicia fretus cithara fidibusque canoris, 120 its melodious strings: if Pollux, crossing that way, si fratrem Pollux alterna morte redemit and returning, so often, could redeem his brother by itque reditque uiam totiens. quid Thesea, magnum dying in turn – and great Theseus, what of him, or quid memorem Alciden? et mi genus ab Ioue Hercules? – well, my race too is Jupiter‘s on high.‘ summo.' With these words he prayed, and grasped the altar, Talibus orabat dictis arasque tenebat, as the priestess began to speak: ‗Trojan son of cum sic orsa loqui uates: 'sate sanguine diuum, 125 Anchises, sprung from the blood of the gods, the Tros Anchisiade, facilis descensus Auerno: path to hell is easy: black Dis‘s door is open night noctes atque dies patet atri ianua Ditis; and day: but to retrace your steps, and go out to the sed reuocare gradum superasque euadere ad auras, air above, that is work, that is the task. Some sons hoc opus, hic labor est. pauci, quos aequus amauit of the gods have done it, whom favouring Jupiter Iuppiter aut ardens euexit ad aethera uirtus, 130 loved, or whom burning virtue lifted to heaven. dis geniti potuere. tenent media omnia siluae, Woods cover all the middle part, and Cocytus is Cocytusque sinu labens circumuenit atro. round it, sliding in dark coils. But if such desire is quod si tantus amor menti, si tanta cupido est in your mind, such a longing to sail the Stygian bis Stygios innare lacus, bis nigra uidere lake twice, and twice see Tartarus, and if it delights Tartara, et insano iuuat indulgere labori, 135 you to indulge in insane effort, listen to what you accipe quae peragenda prius. latet arbore opaca must first undertake. Hidden in a dark tree is a aureus et foliis et lento uimine ramus, golden bough, golden in leaves and pliant stem, Iunoni infernae dictus sacer; hunc tegit omnis sacred to Persephone, the underworld‘s Juno, all lucus et obscuris claudunt conuallibus umbrae. the groves shroud it, and shadows enclose the sed non ante datur telluris operta subire 140 secret valleys. But only one who‘s taken a gold- auricomos quam quis decerpserit arbore fetus. leaved fruit from the tree is allowed to enter earth‘s hoc sibi pulchra suum ferri Proserpina munus hidden places. This lovely Proserpine has instituit. primo auulso non deficit alter commanded to be brought to her as a gift: a second aureus, et simili frondescit uirga metallo. fruit of gold never fails to appear when the first ergo alte uestiga oculis et rite repertum 145 one‘s picked, the twig‘s leafed with the same metal. carpe manu; namque ipse uolens facilisque So look for it up high, and when you‘ve found it sequetur, with your eyes, take it, of right, in your hand: since, si te fata uocant; aliter non uiribus ullis if the Fates have chosen you, it will come away uincere nec duro poteris conuellere ferro. easily, freely of itself: otherwise you won‘t conquer praeterea iacet exanimum tibi corpus amici it by any force, or cut it with the sharpest steel. And (heu nescis) totamque incestat funere classem, 150 the inanimate body of your friend lies there (Ah! dum consulta petis nostroque in limine pendes. You do not know) and taints your whole fleet with sedibus hunc refer ante suis et conde sepulcro. death, while you seek advice and hang about our duc nigras pecudes; ea prima piacula sunto. threshold. Carry him first to his place and bury him sic demum lucos Stygis et regna inuia uiuis in the tomb. Lead black cattle there: let those be aspicies.' dixit, pressoque obmutuit ore. 155 your first offerings of atonement. Only then can you look on the Stygian groves, and the realms forbidden to the living.‘ She spoke and with closed lips fell silent. Lines 156-182 The Finding of Misenus’s Body Aeneas maesto defixus lumina uultu Leaving the cave, Aeneas walked away, with sad ingreditur linquens antrum, caecosque uolutat face and downcast eyes, turning their dark fate over euentus animo secum. cui fidus Achates in his mind. Loyal Achates walked at his side and it comes et paribus curis uestigia figit. fashioned his steps with similar concern. They multa inter sese uario sermone serebant, 160 engaged in intricate discussion between them, as to quem socium exanimum uates, quod corpus who the dead friend, the body to be interred, was, humandum whom the priestess spoke of. And as they passed diceret. atque illi Misenum in litore sicco, along they saw Misenus, ruined by shameful death, ut uenere, uident indigna morte peremptum, on the dry sand, Misenus, son of Aeolus, than Misenum Aeoliden, quo non praestantior alter whom none was more outstanding in rousing men aere ciere uiros Martemque accendere cantu. 165 with the war-trumpet, kindling conflict with music. Hectoris hic magni fuerat comes, Hectora circum He was great Hector‘s friend: with Hector he went et lituo pugnas insignis obibat et hasta. to battle, distinguished by his spear and trumpet. postquam illum uita uictor spoliauit Achilles, When victorious Achilles despoiled Hector of life, Dardanio Aeneae sese fortissimus heros this most courageous hero joined the company of addiderat socium, non inferiora secutus. 170 Trojan Aeneas, serving no lesser a man. But when, sed tum, forte caua dum personat aequora concha, by chance, he foolishly made the ocean sound to a demens, et cantu uocat in certamina diuos, hollow conch-shell, and called gods to compete in aemulus exceptum Triton, si credere dignum est, playing, if the tale can be believed, Triton inter saxa uirum spumosa immerserat unda. overheard him and drowned him in the foaming ergo omnes magno circum clamore fremebant, 175 waves among the rocks. So, with pious Aeneas to praecipue pius Aeneas. tum iussa Sibyllae, the fore, they all mourned round the body with loud haud mora, festinant flentes aramque sepulcri clamour. Then, without delay, weeping, they congerere arboribus caeloque educere certant. hurried to carry out the Sibyl's orders, and laboured itur in antiquam siluam, stabula alta ferarum; to pile tree-trunks as a funeral pyre, raising it to the procumbunt piceae, sonat icta securibus ilex 180 heavens. They enter the ancient wood, the deep fraxineaeque trabes cuneis et fissile robur coverts of wild creatures: the pine-trees fell, the scinditur, aduoluunt ingentis montibus ornos. oaks rang to the blows of the axe, ash trunks and fissile oak were split with wedges, and they rolled large rowan trees down from the hills. Lines 183-235 The Funeral Pyre Nec non Aeneas opera inter talia primus Aeneas was no less active in such efforts, hortatur socios paribusque accingitur armis. encouraging his companions, and employing atque haec ipse suo tristi cum corde uolutat 185 similar tools. And he turned things over in his own aspectans siluam immensam, et sic forte precatur: saddened mind, gazing at the immense forest, and 'si nunc se nobis ille aureus arbore ramus by chance prayed so: 'If only that golden bough ostendat nemore in tanto! quando omnia uere would show itself to us now, on some such tree, heu nimium de te uates, Misene, locuta est.' among the woods! For the prophetess spoke truly uix ea fatus erat, geminae cum forte columbae 190 of you Misenus, alas, only too truly.' He had barely ipsa sub ora uiri caelo uenere uolantes, spoken when by chance a pair of doves came flying et uiridi sedere solo. tum maximus heros down from the sky, beneath his very eyes, and maternas agnouit auis laetusque precatur: settled on the green grass. Then the great hero 'este duces, o, si qua uia est, cursumque per auras knew they were his mother's birds, and prayed in derigite in lucos ubi pinguem diues opacat 195 his joy: 'O be my guides, if there is some way, and ramus humum. tuque, o, dubiis ne defice rebus, steer a course through the air, to that grove where diua parens.' sic effatus uestigia pressit the rich branch casts its shadow on fertile soil. And obseruans quae signa ferant, quo tendere pergant. you mother, O goddess, don't fail me in time of pascentes illae tantum prodire uolando doubt.' So saying he halted his footsteps, observing quantum acie possent oculi seruare sequentum. 200 what signs the doves might give, and which inde ubi uenere ad fauces graue olentis Auerni, direction they might take. As they fed they went tollunt se celeres liquidumque per aera lapsae forward in flight just as far as, following, his eyes sedibus optatis gemina super arbore sidunt, could keep them in sight. Then, when they reached discolor unde auri per ramos aura refulsit. the foul jaws of stinking Avernus, they quickly rose quale solet siluis brumali frigore uiscum 205 and, gliding through the clear air, perched on the fronde uirere noua, quod non sua seminat arbos, longed-for dual-natured tree, from which the alien et croceo fetu teretis circumdare truncos, gleam of gold shone out, among the branches. Just talis erat species auri frondentis opaca as mistletoe, that does not form a tree of its own, ilice, sic leni crepitabat brattea uento. grows in the woods in the cold of winter, with a corripit Aeneas extemplo auidusque refringit 210 foreign leaf, and surrounds a smooth trunk with cunctantem, et uatis portat sub tecta Sibyllae. yellow berries: such was the vision of this leafy Nec minus interea Misenum in litore Teucri gold in the dark oak-tree, so the foil tinkled in the flebant et cineri ingrato suprema ferebant. light breeze. Aeneas immediately plucked it, principio pinguem taedis et robore secto eagerly breaking the tough bough, and carried it to ingentem struxere pyram, cui frondibus atris 215 the cave of the Sibylline prophetess. Meanwhile, on intexunt latera et feralis ante cupressos the shore, the Trojans were weeping bitterly for constituunt, decorantque super fulgentibus armis. Misenus and paying their last respects to his pars calidos latices et aena undantia flammis senseless ashes. First they raised a huge pyre, expediunt, corpusque lauant frigentis et unguunt. heavy with cut oak and pine, weaving the sides fit gemitus. tum membra toro defleta reponunt 220 with dark foliage, set funereal cypress in front, and purpureasque super uestis, uelamina nota, decorated it above with shining weapons. Some coniciunt. pars ingenti subiere feretro, heated water, making the cauldrons boil on the triste ministerium, et subiectam more parentum flames, and washed and anointed the chill corpse. auersi tenuere facem. congesta cremantur They made lament. Then, having wept, they placed turea dona, dapes, fuso crateres oliuo. 225 his limbs on the couch, and threw purple robes over postquam conlapsi cineres et flamma quieuit, them, his usual dress. Some raised the great bier, a reliquias uino et bibulam lauere fauillam, sad duty, and, with averted faces, set a torch below, ossaque lecta cado texit Corynaeus aeno. in ancestral fashion. Gifts were heaped on the idem ter socios pura circumtulit unda flames, of incense, foodstuffs, bowls brimming spargens rore leui et ramo felicis oliuae, 230 with olive-oil. When the ashes collapsed, and the lustrauitque uiros dixitque nouissima uerba. blaze died, they washed the remains of the parched at pius Aeneas ingenti mole sepulcrum bones in wine, and Corynaeus, collecting the imponit suaque arma uiro remumque tubamque fragments, closed them in a bronze urn. Also he monte sub aerio, qui nunc Misenus ab illo circled his comrades three times with pure water to dicitur aeternumque tenet per saecula nomen. 235 purify them, sprinkling fine dew from a full olive branch, and spoke the words of parting. And virtuous Aeneas heaped up a great mound for his tomb, with the hero's own weapons, his trumpet and oar, beneath a high mountain which is called Misenus now after him, and preserves his ever- living name throughout the ages. Lines 236-263 The Sacrifice to Hecate His actis propere exsequitur praecepta Sibyllae. This done, he quickly carried out the Sibyl's orders. spelunca alta fuit uastoque immanis hiatu, There was a deep stony cave, huge and gaping scrupea, tuta lacu nigro nemorumque tenebris, wide, sheltered by a dark lake and shadowy woods, quam super haud ullae poterant impune uolantes over which nothing could extend its wings in safe tendere iter pennis: talis sese halitus atris 240 flight, since such a breath flowed from those black faucibus effundens supera ad conuexa ferebat. jaws, and was carried to the over-arching sky, that [unde locum Grai dixerunt nomine Aornum.] the Greeks called it by the name Aornos, that is quattuor hic primum nigrantis terga iuuencos Avernus, or the Bird-less. Here the priestess first of constituit frontique inuergit uina sacerdos, all tethered four black heifers, poured wine over et summas carpens media inter cornua saetas 245 their foreheads, and placed the topmost bristles that ignibus imponit sacris, libamina prima, she plucked, growing between their horns, in the uoce uocans Hecaten caeloque Ereboque potentem. sacred fire, as a first offering, calling aloud to supponunt alii cultros tepidumque cruorem Hecate, powerful in Heaven and Hell. Others slit succipiunt pateris. ipse atri uelleris agnam the victim's throats and caught the warm blood in Aeneas matri Eumenidum magnaeque sorori 250 bowls. Aeneas himself sacrificed a black-fleeced ense ferit, sterilemque tibi, Proserpina, uaccam; lamb to Night, mother of the Furies, and Earth, her tum Stygio regi nocturnas incohat aras mighty sister, and a barren heifer to you, et solida imponit taurorum uiscera flammis, Persephone. Then he kindled the midnight altars for pingue super oleum fundens ardentibus extis. the Stygian King, and placed whole carcasses of ecce autem primi sub limina solis et ortus 255 bulls on the flames, pouring rich oil over the sub pedibus mugire solum et iuga coepta moueri blazing entrails. See now, at the dawn light of the siluarum, uisaeque canes ululare per umbram rising sun, the ground bellowed under their feet, the aduentante dea. 'procul, o procul este, profani,' wooded hills began to move, and, at the coming of conclamat uates, 'totoque absistite luco; the Goddess, dogs seemed to howl in the shadows. tuque inuade uiam uaginaque eripe ferrum: 260 'Away, stand far away, O you profane ones,' the nunc animis opus, Aenea, nunc pectore firmo.' priestess cried, 'absent yourselves from all this tantum effata furens antro se immisit aperto; grove: and you now, Aeneas, be on your way, and ille ducem haud timidis uadentem passibus aequat. tear your sword from the sheathe: you need courage, and a firm mind, now.' So saying, she plunged wildly into the open cave: he, fearlessly, kept pace with his vanishing guide. Lines 264-294 The Entrance to Hades Di, quibus imperium est animarum, umbraeque You gods, whose is the realm of spirits, and you, silentes dumb shadows, and Chaos, Phlegethon, wide silent et Chaos et Phlegethon, loca nocte tacentia late, places of the night, let me tell what I have heard: by 265 your power, let me reveal things buried in the deep sit mihi fas audita loqui, sit numine uestro earth, and the darkness. On they went, hidden in pandere res alta terra et caligine mersas. solitary night, through gloom, through Dis's empty Ibant obscuri sola sub nocte per umbram halls, and insubstantial kingdom, like a path perque domos Ditis uacuas et inania regna: through a wood, in the faint light under a wavering quale per incertam lunam sub luce maligna 270 moon, when Jupiter has buried the sky in shadow, est iter in siluis, ubi caelum condidit umbra and black night has stolen the colour from things. Iuppiter, et rebus nox abstulit atra colorem. Right before the entrance, in the very jaws of uestibulum ante ipsum primisque in faucibus Orci Orcus, Grief and vengeful Care have made their Luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae, beds, and pallid Sickness lives there, and sad Old pallentesque habitant Morbi tristisque Senectus, Age, and Fear, and persuasive Hunger, and vile 275 Need, forms terrible to look on, and Death and et Metus et malesuada Fames ac turpis Egestas, Pain: then Death's brother Sleep, and Evil Pleasure terribiles uisu formae, Letumque Labosque; of the mind, and, on the threshold opposite, death- tum consanguineus Leti Sopor et mala mentis dealing War, and the steel chambers of the Furies, Gaudia, mortiferumque aduerso in limine Bellum, and mad Discord, her snaky hair entwined with ferreique Eumenidum thalami et Discordia demens blood-wet ribbons. In the centre a vast shadowy 280 elm spreads its aged trunks and branches: the seat, uipereum crinem uittis innexa cruentis. they say, that false Dreams hold, thronging, in medio ramos annosaque bracchia pandit clinging beneath every leaf. And many other ulmus opaca, ingens, quam sedem Somnia uulgo monstrous shapes of varied creatures, are stabled uana tenere ferunt, foliisque sub omnibus haerent. by the doors, Centaurs and bi-formed Scylla, and multaque praeterea uariarum monstra ferarum, 285 hundred-armed Briareus, and the Lernean Hydra, Centauri in foribus stabulant Scyllaeque biformes hissing fiercely, and the Chimaera armed with et centumgeminus Briareus ac belua Lernae flame, Gorgons, and Harpies, and the triple bodied horrendum stridens, flammisque armata Chimaera, shade, Geryon. At this, trembling suddenly with Gorgones Harpyiaeque et forma tricorporis umbrae. terror, Aeneas grasped his sword, and set the naked corripit hic subita trepidus formidine ferrum 290 blade against their approach: and, if his knowing Aeneas strictamque aciem uenientibus offert, companion had not warned him that these were et ni docta comes tenuis sine corpore uitas tenuous bodiless lives flitting about with a hollow admoneat uolitare caua sub imagine formae, semblance of form, he would have rushed at them, inruat et frustra ferro diuerberet umbras. and hacked at the shadows uselessly with his sword. Lines 295-336 The Shores of Acheron Hinc uia Tartarei quae fert Acherontis ad undas. From here there is a road that leads to the waters of 295 Tartarean Acheron. Here thick with mud a turbidus hic caeno uastaque uoragine gurges whirlpool seethes in the vast depths, and spews all aestuat atque omnem Cocyto eructat harenam. its sands into Cocytus. A grim ferryman watches portitor has horrendus aquas et flumina seruat over the rivers and streams, Charon, dreadful in his terribili squalore Charon, cui plurima mento squalor, with a mass of unkempt white hair canities inculta iacet, stant lumina flamma, 300 straggling from his chin: flames glow in his eyes, a sordidus ex umeris nodo dependet amictus. dirty garment hangs, knotted from his shoulders. ipse ratem conto subigit uelisque ministrat He poles the boat and trims the sails himself, and et ferruginea subuectat corpora cumba, ferries the dead in his dark skiff, old now, but a iam senior, sed cruda deo uiridisque senectus. god's old age is fresh and green. Here all the crowd huc omnis turba ad ripas effusa ruebat, 305 streams, hurrying to the shores, women and men, matres atque uiri defunctaque corpora uita the lifeless bodies of noble heroes, boys and magnanimum heroum, pueri innuptaeque puellae, unmarried girls, sons laid on the pyre in front of impositique rogis iuuenes ante ora parentum: their father's eyes: as many as the leaves that fall in quam multa in siluis autumni frigore primo the woods at the first frost of autumn, as many as lapsa cadunt folia, aut ad terram gurgite ab alto 310 the birds that flock to land from ocean deeps, when quam multae glomerantur aues, ubi frigidus annus the cold of the year drives them abroad and trans pontum fugat et terris immittit apricis. despatches them to sunnier countries. They stood stabant orantes primi transmittere cursum there, pleading to be first to make the crossing, tendebantque manus ripae ulterioris amore. stretching out their hands in longing for the far nauita sed tristis nunc hos nunc accipit illos, 315 shore. But the dismal boatman accepts now these, ast alios longe summotos arcet harena. now those, but driving others away, keeps them far Aeneas miratus enim motusque tumultu from the sand. Then Aeneas, stirred and astonished 'dic,' ait, 'o uirgo, quid uult concursus ad amnem? at the tumult, said: 'O virgin, tell me, what does this quidue petunt animae? uel quo discrimine ripas crowding to the river mean? What do the souls hae linquunt, illae remis uada liuida uerrunt?' 320 want? And by what criterion do these leave the olli sic breuiter fata est longaeua sacerdos: bank, and those sweep off with the oars on the 'Anchisa generate, deum certissima proles, leaden stream? The ancient priestess spoke briefly Cocyti stagna alta uides Stygiamque paludem, to him, so: 'Son of Anchises, true child of the gods, di cuius iurare timent et fallere numen. you see the deep pools of Cocytus, and the Marsh haec omnis, quam cernis, inops inhumataque turba of Styx, by whose name the gods fear to swear est; 325 falsely. All this crowd, you see, were destitute and portitor ille Charon; hi, quos uehit unda, sepulti. unburied: that ferryman is Charon: those the waves nec ripas datur horrendas et rauca fluenta carry were buried: he may not carry them from the transportare prius quam sedibus ossa quierunt. fearful shore on the harsh waters before their bones centum errant annos uolitantque haec litora circum; are at rest in the earth. They roam for a hundred tum demum admissi stagna exoptata reuisunt.' 330 years and flit around these shores: only then are constitit Anchisa satus et uestigia pressit they admitted, and revisit the pools they long for.' multa putans sortemque animo miseratus iniquam. The son of Anchises halted, and checked his cernit ibi maestos et mortis honore carentis footsteps, thinking deeply, and pitying their sad fate Leucaspim et Lyciae ductorem classis Oronten, in his heart. He saw Leucaspis and Orontes, captain quos simul a Troia uentosa per aequora uectos 335 of the Lycian fleet, there, grieving and lacking obruit Auster, aqua inuoluens nauemque uirosque. honour in death, whom a Southerly overwhelmed, as they sailed together from Troy on the windswept waters, engulfing both the ship and crew in the waves. Lines 337-383 The Shade of Palinurus Ecce gubernator sese Palinurus agebat, Behold, there came the helmsman, Palinurus, who qui Libyco nuper cursu, dum sidera seruat, fell from the stern on the Libyan passage, flung into exciderat puppi mediis effusus in undis. the midst of the waves, as he watched the stars. hunc ubi uix multa maestum cognouit in umbra, When Aeneas had recognised him with difficulty 340 sorrowing among the deep shadows, he spoke first, sic prior adloquitur: 'quis te, Palinure, deorum saying: 'What god tore you from us, Palinurus, and eripuit nobis medioque sub aequore mersit? drowned you mid-ocean? For in this one prophecy dic age. namque mihi, fallax haud ante repertus, Apollo has misled me, he whom I never found false hoc uno responso animum delusit Apollo, before, he said that you would be safe at sea and qui fore te ponto incolumem finisque canebat 345 reach Ausonia's shores. Is this the truth of his uenturum Ausonios. en haec promissa fides est?' promise?' But he replied: 'Phoebus's tripod did not ille autem: 'neque te Phoebi cortina fefellit, fail you, Anchises, my captain, nor did a god drown dux Anchisiade, nec me deus aequore mersit. me in the deep. By chance the helm was torn from namque gubernaclum multa ui forte reuulsum, me with violence, as I clung there, on duty as cui datus haerebam custos cursusque regebam, 350 ordered, steering our course, and I dragged it praecipitans traxi mecum. maria aspera iuro headlong with me. I swear by the cruel sea that I non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, feared less for myself than for your ship, lest quam tua ne spoliata armis, excussa magistro, robbed of its gear, and cleared of its helmsman, it deficeret tantis nauis surgentibus undis. might founder among such surging waves. The tris Notus hibernas immensa per aequora noctes Southerly drove me violently through the vast seas 355 for three stormy nights: high on the crest of a wave, uexit me uiolentus aqua; uix lumine quarto in the fourth dawn, I could just make out Italy. prospexi Italiam summa sublimis ab unda. Gradually I swam to shore: grasped now at safety, paulatim adnabam terrae; iam tuta tenebam, but as I caught at the sharp tips of the rocks, ni gens crudelis madida cum ueste grauatum weighed down by my water-soaked clothes, the prensantemque uncis manibus capita aspera montis savage people attacked me with knives, ignorantly 360 thinking me a prize. Now the waves have me, and ferro inuasisset praedamque ignara putasset. the winds roll me along the shore. Unconquered nunc me fluctus habet uersantque in litore uenti. one, I beg you, by the sweet light and air of heaven, quod te per caeli iucundum lumen et auras, by your father, and your hopes in Iulus to come, per genitorem oro, per spes surgentis Iuli, save me from this evil: either find Velia's harbour eripe me his, inuicte, malis: aut tu mihi terram 365 again (for you can) and sprinkle earth on me, or if inice, namque potes, portusque require Uelinos; there is some way, if your divine mother shows you aut tu, si qua uia est, si quam tibi diua creatrix one (since you'd not attempt to sail such waters, ostendit (neque enim, credo, sine numine diuum and the Stygian marsh, without a god's will, I think) flumina tanta paras Stygiamque innare paludem), then give this wretch your hand and take me with da dextram misero et tecum me tolle per undas, 370 you through the waves that at least I might rest in sedibus ut saltem placidis in morte quiescam.' some quiet place in death.' So he spoke, and the talia fatus erat coepit cum talia uates: priestess began to reply like this: 'Where does this 'unde haec, o Palinure, tibi tam dira cupido? dire longing of yours come from, O Palinurus? Can tu Stygias inhumatus aquas amnemque seuerum you see the Stygian waters, unburied, or the grim Eumenidum aspicies, ripamue iniussus adibis? 375 river of the Furies, Cocytus, or come unasked to the desine fata deum flecti sperare precando, shore? Cease to hope that divine fate can be sed cape dicta memor, duri solacia casus. tempered by prayer. But hold my words in your nam tua finitimi, longe lateque per urbes memory, as a comfort in your hardship: the nearby prodigiis acti caelestibus, ossa piabunt peoples, from cities far and wide, will be moved by et statuent tumulum et tumulo sollemnia mittent, divine omens to worship your bones, and build a 380 tomb, and send offerings to the tomb, and the place aeternumque locus Palinuri nomen habebit.' will have Palinurus as its everlasting name.' His his dictis curae emotae pulsusque parumper anxiety was quelled by her words, and, for a little corde dolor tristi; gaudet cognomine terra. while, grief was banished from his sad heart: he delighted in the land being so named. Lines 384-416 Charon the Ferryman Ergo iter inceptum peragunt fluuioque propinquant. So they pursued their former journey, and drew nauita quos iam inde ut Stygia prospexit ab unda near the river. Now when the Boatman saw them 385 from the Stygian wave walking through the silent per tacitum nemus ire pedemque aduertere ripae, wood, and directing their footsteps towards its sic prior adgreditur dictis atque increpat ultro: bank, he attacked them verbally, first, and 'quisquis es, armatus qui nostra ad flumina tendis, unprompted, rebuking them: 'Whoever you are, fare age, quid uenias, iam istinc et comprime who come armed to my river, tell me, from over gressum. there, why you're here, and halt your steps. This is a umbrarum hic locus est, somni noctisque soporae: place of shadows, of Sleep and drowsy Night: I'm 390 not allowed to carry living bodies in the Stygian corpora uiua nefas Stygia uectare carina. boat. Truly it was no pleasure for me to take nec uero Alciden me sum laetatus euntem Hercules on his journey over the lake, nor Theseus accepisse lacu, nec Thesea Pirithoumque, and Pirithous, though they may have been children dis quamquam geniti atque inuicti uiribus essent. of gods, unrivalled in strength. The first came for Tartareum ille manu custodem in uincla petiuit 395 Cerberus the watchdog of Tartarus, and dragged ipsius a solio regis traxitque trementem; him away quivering from under the king's throne: hi dominam Ditis thalamo deducere adorti.' the others were after snatching our Queen from quae contra breuiter fata est Amphrysia uates: Dis's chamber.' To this the prophetess of 'nullae hic insidiae tales (absiste moueri), Amphrysian Apollo briefly answered: 'There's no nec uim tela ferunt; licet ingens ianitor antro 400 such trickery here (don't be disturbed), our weapons aeternum latrans exsanguis terreat umbras, offer no affront: your huge guard-dog can terrify casta licet patrui seruet Proserpina limen. the bloodless shades with his eternal howling: Troius Aeneas, pietate insignis et armis, chaste Proserpine can keep to her uncle's threshold. ad genitorem imas Erebi descendit ad umbras. Aeneas the Trojan, renowned in piety and warfare, si te nulla mouet tantae pietatis imago, 405 goes down to the deepest shadows of Erebus, to his at ramum hunc' (aperit ramum qui ueste latebat) father. If the idea of such affection does not move 'agnoscas.' tumida ex ira tum corda residunt; you, still you must recognise this bough.' (She nec plura his. ille admirans uenerabile donum showed the branch, hidden in her robes.) Then the fatalis uirgae longo post tempore uisum anger in his swollen breast subsided. No more was caeruleam aduertit puppim ripaeque propinquat. said. Marvelling at the revered offering, of fateful 410 twigs, seen again after so long, he turned the stern inde alias animas, quae per iuga longa sedebant, of the dark skiff towards them and neared the bank. deturbat laxatque foros; simul accipit alueo Then he turned off the other souls who sat on the ingentem Aenean. gemuit sub pondere cumba long benches, cleared the gangways: and received sutilis et multam accepit rimosa paludem. mighty Aeneas on board. The seamed skiff groaned tandem trans fluuium incolumis uatemque with the weight and let in quantities of marsh-water uirumque 415 through the chinks. At last, the river crossed, he informi limo glaucaque exponit in ulua. landed the prophetess and the hero safe, on the unstable mud, among the blue-grey sedge. Lines 417-439 Beyond the Acheron Cerberus haec ingens latratu regna trifauci Huge Cerberus sets these regions echoing with his personat aduerso recubans immanis in antro. triple-throated howling, crouching monstrously in a cui uates horrere uidens iam colla colubris cave opposite. Seeing the snakes rearing round his melle soporatam et medicatis frugibus offam 420 neck, the prophetess threw him a pellet, a soporific obicit. ille fame rabida tria guttura pandens of honey and drugged wheat. Opening his three corripit obiectam, atque immania terga resoluit throats, in rabid hunger, he seized what she threw fusus humi totoque ingens extenditur antro. and, flexing his massive spine, sank to earth occupat Aeneas aditum custode sepulto spreading his giant bulk over the whole cave-floor. euaditque celer ripam inremeabilis undae. 425 With the guard unconscious Aeneas won to the Continuo auditae uoces uagitus et ingens entrance, and quickly escaped the bank of the river infantumque animae flentes, in limine primo of no return. Immediately a loud crying of voices quos dulcis uitae exsortis et ab ubere raptos was heard, the spirits of weeping infants, whom a abstulit atra dies et funere mersit acerbo; dark day stole at the first threshold of this sweet hos iuxta falso damnati crimine mortis. 430 life, those chosen to be torn from the breast, and nec uero hae sine sorte datae, sine iudice, sedes: drowned in bitter death. Nearby are those quaesitor Minos urnam mouet; ille silentum condemned to die on false charges. Yet their place consiliumque uocat uitasque et crimina discit. is not ordained without the allotted jury: Minos, the proxima deinde tenent maesti loca, qui sibi letum judge, shakes the urn: he convenes the voiceless insontes peperere manu lucemque perosi 435 court, and hears their lives and sins. Then the next proiecere animas. quam uellent aethere in alto place is held by those gloomy spirits who, innocent nunc et pauperiem et duros perferre labores! of crime, died by their own hand, and, hating the fas obstat, tristisque palus inamabilis undae light, threw away their lives. How willingly now alligat et nouies Styx interfusa coercet. they'd endure poverty and harsh suffering, in the air above! Divine Law prevents it, and the sad marsh and its hateful waters binds them, and nine-fold Styx confines them. Lines 440-476 The Shade of Dido nec procul hinc partem fusi monstrantur in omnem Not far from there the Fields of Mourning are 440 revealed, spread out on all sides: so they name Lugentes campi; sic illos nomine dicunt. them. There, those whom harsh love devours with hic quos durus amor crudeli tabe peredit cruel pining are concealed in secret walkways, secreti celant calles et myrtea circum encircled by a myrtle grove: even in death their silua tegit; curae non ipsa in morte relinquunt. troubles do not leave them. Here Aeneas saw his Phaedram Procrinque locis maestamque Phaedra, and Procris, and sad Eriphyle, displaying Eriphylen 445 the wounds made by her cruel son, Evadne, and crudelis nati monstrantem uulnera cernit, Pasiphae: with them walked Laodamia, and Euadnenque et Pasiphaen; his Laodamia Caeneus, now a woman, once a young man, it comes et iuuenis quondam, nunc femina, Caeneus returned by her fate to her own form again. Among rursus et in ueterem fato reuoluta figuram. them Phoenician Dido wandered, in the great wood, inter quas Phoenissa recens a uulnere Dido 450 her wound still fresh. As soon as the Trojan hero errabat silua in magna; quam Troius heros stood near her and knew her, shadowy among the ut primum iuxta stetit agnouitque per umbras shadows, like a man who sees, or thinks he sees, obscuram, qualem primo qui surgere mense the new moon rising through a cloud, as its month aut uidet aut uidisse putat per nubila lunam, begins, he wept tears and spoke to her with tender demisit lacrimas dulcique adfatus amore est: 455 affection: 'Dido, unhappy spirit, was the news, that 'infelix Dido, uerus mihi nuntius ergo came to me of your death, true then, taking your uenerat exstinctam ferroque extrema secutam? life with a blade? Alas, was I the cause of your funeris heu tibi causa fui? per sidera iuro, dying? I swear by the stars, by the gods above, by per superos et si qua fides tellure sub ima est, whatever truth may be in the depths of the earth, I inuitus, regina, tuo de litore cessi. 460 left your shores unwillingly, my queen. I was sed me iussa deum, quae nunc has ire per umbras, commanded by gods, who drove me by their per loca senta situ cogunt noctemque profundam, decrees, that now force me to go among the shades, imperiis egere suis; nec credere quiui through places thorny with neglect, and deepest hunc tantum tibi me discessu ferre dolorem. night: nor did I think my leaving there would ever siste gradum teque aspectu ne subtrahe nostro. 465 bring such grief to you. Halt your footsteps and do quem fugis? extremum fato quod te adloquor hoc not take yourself from my sight. What do you flee? est.' This is the last speech with you that fate allows.' talibus Aeneas ardentem et torua tuentem With such words Aeneas would have calmed her lenibat dictis animum lacrimasque ciebat. fiery spirit and wild looks, and provoked her tears. illa solo fixos oculos auersa tenebat She turned away, her eyes fixed on the ground, no nec magis incepto uultum sermone mouetur 470 more altered in expression by the speech he had quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes. begun than if hard flint stood there, or a cliff of tandem corripuit sese atque inimica refugit Parian marble. At the last she tore herself away, in nemus umbriferum, coniunx ubi pristinus illi and, hostile to him, fled to the shadowy grove respondet curis aequatque Sychaeus amorem. where Sychaeus, her husband in former times, nec minus Aeneas casu percussus iniquo 475 responded to her suffering, and gave her love for prosequitur lacrimis longe et miseratur euntem. love. Aeneas, no less shaken by the injustice of fate, followed her, far off, with his tears, and pitied her as she went. Lines 477-534 The Shade of Deiphobus Inde datum molitur iter. iamque arua tenebant From there he laboured on the way that was granted ultima, quae bello clari secreta frequentant. them. And soon they reached the most distant hic illi occurrit Tydeus, hic inclutus armis fields, the remote places where those famous in war Parthenopaeus et Adrasti pallentis imago, 480 crowd together. Here Tydeus met him, hic multum fleti ad superos belloque caduci Parthenopaeus glorious in arms, and the pale form Dardanidae, quos ille omnis longo ordine cernens of Adrastus: here were the Trojans, wept for deeply ingemuit, Glaucumque Medontaque above, fallen in war, whom, seeing them all in their Thersilochumque, long ranks, he groaned at, Glaucus, Medon and tris Antenoridas Cererique sacrum Polyboeten, Thersilochus, the three sons of Antenor, Idaeumque etiam currus, etiam arma tenentem. 485 Polyboetes, the priest of Ceres, and Idaeus still with circumstant animae dextra laeuaque frequentes, his chariot, and his weapons. The spirits stand there nec uidisse semel satis est; iuuat usque morari in crowds to left and right. They are not satisfied et conferre gradum et ueniendi discere causas. with seeing him only once: they delight in lingering at Danaum proceres Agamemnoniaeque phalanges on, walking beside him, and learning the reason for ut uidere uirum fulgentiaque arma per umbras, 490 his coming. But the Greek princes and ingenti trepidare metu; pars uertere terga, Agamemnon's phalanxes, trembled with great fear, ceu quondam petiere rates, pars tollere uocem when they saw the hero, and his gleaming weapons, exiguam: inceptus clamor frustratur hiantis. among the shades: some turned to run, as they once Atque hic Priamiden laniatum corpore toto sought their ships: some raised a faint cry, the noise Deiphobum uidet et lacerum crudeliter ora, 495 they made belying their gaping mouths. And he ora manusque ambas, populataque tempora raptis saw Deiphobus there, Priam's son, his whole body auribus et truncas inhonesto uulnere naris. mutilated, his face brutally torn, his face and hands uix adeo agnouit pauitantem ac dira tegentem both, the ears ripped from his ruined head, his supplicia, et notis compellat uocibus ultro: nostrils sheared by an ugly wound. Indeed Aeneas 'Deiphobe armipotens, genus alto a sanguine barely recognised the quivering form, hiding its Teucri, 500 dire punishment, even as he called to him, quis tam crudelis optauit sumere poenas? unprompted, in familiar tones: 'Deiphobus, cui tantum de te licuit? mihi fama suprema powerful in war, born of Teucer's noble blood, who nocte tulit fessum uasta te caede Pelasgum chose to work such brutal punishment on you? procubuisse super confusae stragis aceruum. Who was allowed to treat you so? Rumour has it tunc egomet tumulum Rhoeteo in litore inanem 505 that on that final night, wearied by endless killing constitui et magna manis ter uoce uocaui. of Greeks, you sank down on a pile of the nomen et arma locum seruant; te, amice, nequiui slaughtered. Then I set up an empty tomb on the conspicere et patria decedens ponere terra.' Rhoetean shore, and called on your spirit three ad quae Priamides: 'nihil o tibi, amice, relictum; times in a loud voice. Your name and weapons omnia Deiphobo soluisti et funeris umbris. 510 watch over the site: I could not see you, friend, to sed me fata mea et scelus exitiale Lacaenae set you, as I left, in your native soil.' To this Priam's his mersere malis; illa haec monimenta reliquit. son replied: 'O my friend, you've neglected nothing: namque ut supremam falsa inter gaudia noctem you've paid all that's due to Deiophobus and a dead egerimus, nosti: et nimium meminisse necesse est. man's spirit. My own destiny, and that Spartan cum fatalis equus saltu super ardua uenit 515 woman's deadly crime, drowned me in these Pergama et armatum peditem grauis attulit aluo, sorrows: she left me these memorials. You know illa chorum simulans euhantis orgia circum how we passed that last night in illusory joy: and ducebat Phrygias; flammam media ipsa tenebat you must remember it only too well. When the ingentem et summa Danaos ex arce uocabat. fateful Horse came leaping the walls of Troy, tum me confectum curis somnoque grauatum 520 pregnant with the armed warriors it carried in its infelix habuit thalamus, pressitque iacentem womb, she led the Trojan women about, wailing in dulcis et alta quies placidaeque simillima morti. dance, aping the Bacchic rites: she held a huge egregia interea coniunx arma omnia tectis torch in their midst, signalling to the Greeks from emouet, et fidum capiti subduxerat ensem: the heights of the citadel. I was then in our unlucky intra tecta uocat Menelaum et limina pandit, 525 marriage-chamber, worn out with care, and heavy scilicet id magnum sperans fore munus amanti, with sleep, a sweet deep slumber weighing on me et famam exstingui ueterum sic posse malorum. as I lay there, the very semblance of peaceful death. quid moror? inrumpunt thalamo, comes additus una Meanwhile that illustrious wife of mine removed hortator scelerum Aeolides. di, talia Grais every weapon from the house, even stealing my instaurate, pio si poenas ore reposco. 530 faithful sword from under my head: she calls sed te qui uiuum casus, age fare uicissim, Menelaus into the house and throws open the doors, attulerint. pelagine uenis erroribus actus hoping I suppose it would prove a great gift for her an monitu diuum? an quae te fortuna fatigat, lover, and in that way the infamy of her past sins ut tristis sine sole domos, loca turbida, adires?' might be erased. Why drag out the tale? They burst into the room, and with them Ulysses the Aeolid, their co-inciter to wickedness. Gods, so repay the Greeks, if these lips I pray for vengeance with are virtuous. But you, in turn, tell what fate has brought you here, living. Do you come here, driven by your wandering on the sea, or exhorted by the gods? If not, what misfortune torments you, that you enter these sad sunless houses, this troubled place?' Lines 535-627 The Sibyl Describes Tartarus Hac uice sermonum roseis Aurora quadrigis 535 While they spoke Aurora and her rosy chariot had iam medium aetherio cursu traiecerat axem; passed the zenith of her ethereal path, and they et fors omne datum traherent per talia tempus, might perhaps have spent all the time allowed in sed comes admonuit breuiterque adfata Sibylla est: such talk, but the Sibyl, his companion, warned him 'nox ruit, Aenea; nos flendo ducimus horas. briefly saying: 'Night approaches, Aeneas: we hic locus est, partis ubi se uia findit in ambas: 540 waste the hours with weeping. This is the place dextera quae Ditis magni sub moenia tendit, where the path splits itself in two: there on the right hac iter Elysium nobis; at laeua malorum is our road to Elysium, that runs beneath the walls exercet poenas et ad impia Tartara mittit.' of mighty Dis: but the left works punishment on the Deiphobus contra: 'ne saeui, magna sacerdos; wicked, and sends them on to godless Tartarus.' discedam, explebo numerum reddarque tenebris. Deiophobus replied: 'Do not be angry, great 545 priestess: I will leave: I will make up the numbers, i decus, i, nostrum; melioribus utere fatis.' and return to the darkness. Go now glory of our tantum effatus, et in uerbo uestigia torsit. race: enjoy a better fate.' So he spoke, and in Respicit Aeneas subito et sub rupe sinistra speaking turned away. Aeneas suddenly looked moenia lata uidet triplici circumdata muro, back, and, below the left hand cliff, he saw wide quae rapidus flammis ambit torrentibus amnis, 550 battlements, surrounded by a triple wall, and Tartareus Phlegethon, torquetque sonantia saxa. encircled by a swift river of red-hot flames, the porta aduersa ingens solidoque adamante Tartarean Phlegethon, churning with echoing rocks. columnae, A gate fronts it, vast, with pillars of solid steel, that uis ut nulla uirum, non ipsi exscindere bello no human force, not the heavenly gods themselves, caelicolae ualeant; stat ferrea turris ad auras, can overturn by war: an iron tower rises into the air, Tisiphoneque sedens palla succincta cruenta 555 and seated before it, Tisiphone, clothed in a blood- uestibulum exsomnis seruat noctesque diesque. wet dress, keeps guard of the doorway, sleeplessly, hinc exaudiri gemitus et saeua sonare night and day. Groans came from there, and the uerbera, tum stridor ferri tractaeque catenae. cruel sound of the lash, then the clank of iron, and constitit Aeneas strepitumque exterritus hausit. dragging chains. Aeneas halted, and stood rooted, 'quae scelerum facies? o uirgo, effare; quibusue 560 terrified by the noise. 'What evil is practised here? urgentur poenis? quis tantus plangor ad auras?' O Virgin, tell me: by what torments are they tum uates sic orsa loqui: 'dux inclute Teucrum, oppressed? Why are there such sounds in the air?' nulli fas casto sceleratum insistere limen; Then the prophetess began to speak as follows: sed me cum lucis Hecate praefecit Auernis, 'Famous leader of the Trojans, it is forbidden for ipsa deum poenas docuit perque omnia duxit. 565 the pure to cross the evil threshold: but when Cnosius haec Rhadamanthus habet durissima regna Hecate appointed me to the wood of Avernus, she castigatque auditque dolos subigitque fateri taught me the divine torments, and guided me quae quis apud superos furto laetatus inani through them all. Cretan Rhadamanthus rules this distulit in seram commissa piacula mortem. harshest of kingdoms, and hears their guilt, extracts continuo sontis ultrix accincta flagello 570 confessions, and punishes whoever has deferred Tisiphone quatit insultans, toruosque sinistra atonement for their sins too long till death, intentans anguis uocat agmina saeua sororum. delighting in useless concealment, in the world tum demum horrisono stridentes cardine sacrae above. Tisiphone the avenger, armed with her panduntur portae. cernis custodia qualis whip, leaps on the guilty immediately, lashes them, uestibulo sedeat, facies quae limina seruet? 575 and threatening them with the fierce snakes in her quinquaginta atris immanis hiatibus Hydra left hand, calls to her savage troop of sisters. Then saeuior intus habet sedem. tum Tartarus ipse at last the accursed doors open, screeching on bis patet in praeceps tantum tenditque sub umbras jarring hinges. You comprehend what guardian sits quantus ad aetherium caeli suspectus Olympum. at the door, what shape watches the threshold? Well hic genus antiquum Terrae, Titania pubes, 580 still fiercer is the monstrous Hydra inside, with her fulmine deiecti fundo uoluuntur in imo. fifty black gaping jaws. There Tartarus itself falls hic et Aloidas geminos immania uidi sheer, and stretches down into the darkness: twice corpora, qui manibus magnum rescindere caelum as far as we gaze upwards to heavenly Olympus. adgressi superisque Iouem detrudere regnis. Here the Titanic race, the ancient sons of Earth, uidi et crudelis dantem Salmonea poenas, 585 hurled down by the lightning-bolt, writhe in the dum flammas Iouis et sonitus imitatur Olympi. depths. And here I saw the two sons of Aloeus, quattuor hic inuectus equis et lampada quassans giant forms, who tried to tear down the heavens per Graium populos mediaeque per Elidis urbem with their hands, and topple Jupiter from his high ibat ouans, diuumque sibi poscebat honorem, kingdom. And I saw Salmoneus paying a savage demens, qui nimbos et non imitabile fulmen 590 penalty for imitating Jove's lightning, and the aere et cornipedum pulsu simularet equorum. Olympian thunder. Brandishing a torch, and drawn at pater omnipotens densa inter nubila telum by four horses he rode in triumph among the contorsit, non ille faces nec fumea taedis Greeks, through Elis's city, claiming the gods' lumina, praecipitemque immani turbine adegit. honours as his own, a fool, who mimicked the nec non et Tityon, Terrae omniparentis alumnum, storm-clouds and the inimitable thunderbolt with 595 bronze cymbals and the sound of horses' hoof- cernere erat, per tota nouem cui iugera corpus beats. But the all-powerful father hurled his porrigitur, rostroque immanis uultur obunco lighting from dense cloud, not for him fiery immortale iecur tondens fecundaque poenis torches, or pine-branches' smoky light and drove uiscera rimaturque epulis habitatque sub alto him headlong with the mighty whirlwind. And pectore, nec fibris requies datur ulla renatis. 600 Tityus was to be seen as well, the foster-child of quid memorem Lapithas, Ixiona Pirithoumque? Earth, our universal mother, whose body stretches quos super atra silex iam iam lapsura cadentique over nine acres, and a great vulture with hooked imminet adsimilis; lucent genialibus altis beak feeds on his indestructible liver, and his aurea fulcra toris, epulaeque ante ora paratae entrails ripe for punishment, lodged deep inside the regifico luxu; Furiarum maxima iuxta 605 chest, groping for his feast, no respite given to the accubat et manibus prohibet contingere mensas, ever-renewing tissue. Shall I speak of the Lapiths, exsurgitque facem attollens atque intonat ore. Ixion, Pirithous, over whom hangs a dark crag that hic, quibus inuisi fratres, dum uita manebat, seems to slip and fall? High couches for their feast pulsatusue parens et fraus innexa clienti, gleam with golden frames, and a banquet of royal aut qui diuitiis soli incubuere repertis 610 luxury is spread before their eyes: nearby the eldest nec partem posuere suis (quae maxima turba est), Fury, crouching, prevents their fingers touching the quique ob adulterium caesi, quique arma secuti table: rising up, and brandishing her torch, with a impia nec ueriti dominorum fallere dextras, voice of thunder. Here are those who hated their inclusi poenam exspectant. ne quaere doceri brothers, in life, or struck a parent, or contrived to quam poenam, aut quae forma uiros fortunaue defraud a client, or who crouched alone over the mersit. 615 riches they'd made, without setting any aside for saxum ingens uoluunt alii, radiisque rotarum their kin (their crowd is largest), those who were districti pendent; sedet aeternumque sedebit killed for adultery, or pursued civil war, not fearing infelix Theseus, Phlegyasque miserrimus omnis to break their pledges to their masters: shut in they admonet et magna testatur uoce per umbras: see their punishment. Don't ask to know that "discite iustitiam moniti et non temnere diuos." 620 punishment, or what kind of suffering drowns uendidit hic auro patriam dominumque potentem them. Some roll huge stones, or hang spread-eagled imposuit; fixit leges pretio atque refixit; on wheel-spokes: wretched Theseus sits still, and hic thalamum inuasit natae uetitosque hymenaeos: will sit for eternity: Phlegyas, the most unfortunate, ausi omnes immane nefas ausoque potiti. warns them all and bears witness in a loud voice non, mihi si linguae centum sint oraque centum, among the shades: ―Learn justice: be warned, and 625 don't despise the gods.‖ Here's one who sold his ferrea uox, omnis scelerum comprendere formas, country for gold, and set up a despotic lord: this omnia poenarum percurrere nomina possim.' one made law and remade it for a price: he entered his daughter's bed and a forbidden marriage: all of them dared monstrous sin, and did what they dared. Not if I had a hundred tongues, a hundred mouths, a voice of iron, could I tell all the forms of wickedness or spell out the names of every torment.' Lines 628-678 The Fields of Elysium Haec ubi dicta dedit Phoebi longaeua sacerdos, When she had spoken of this, the aged priestess of 'sed iam age, carpe uiam et susceptum perfice Apollo said: 'But come now, travel the road, and munus; complete the task set for you: let us hurry, I see the acceleremus' ait; 'Cyclopum educta caminis 630 battlements that were forged in the Cyclopean fires, moenia conspicio atque aduerso fornice portas, and the gates in the arch opposite us where we are haec ubi nos praecepta iubent deponere dona.' told to set down the gifts as ordered.' She spoke and dixerat et pariter gressi per opaca uiarum keeping step they hastened along the dark path corripiunt spatium medium foribusque propinquant. crossing the space between and arriving near the occupat Aeneas aditum corpusque recenti 635 doors. Aeneas gained the entrance, sprinkled fresh spargit aqua ramumque aduerso in limine figit. water over his body, and set up the branch on the His demum exactis, perfecto munere diuae, threshold before him. Having at last achieved this, deuenere locos laetos et amoena uirecta the goddess's task fulfilled, they came to the fortunatorum nemorum sedesque beatas. pleasant places, the delightful grassy turf of the largior hic campos aether et lumine uestit 640 Fortunate Groves, and the homes of the blessed. purpureo, solemque suum, sua sidera norunt. Here freer air and radiant light clothe the plain, and pars in gramineis exercent membra palaestris, these have their own sun, and their own stars. Some contendunt ludo et fulua luctantur harena; exercise their bodies in a grassy gymnasium, pars pedibus plaudunt choreas et carmina dicunt. compete in sports and wrestle on the yellow sand: nec non Threicius longa cum ueste sacerdos 645 others tread out the steps of a dance, and sing obloquitur numeris septem discrimina uocum, songs. There Orpheus too, the long-robed priest of iamque eadem digitis, iam pectine pulsat eburno. Thrace, accompanies their voices with the seven- hic genus antiquum Teucri, pulcherrima proles, note scale, playing now with fingers, now with the magnanimi heroes nati melioribus annis, ivory quill. Here are Teucer's ancient people, Ilusque Assaracusque et Troiae Dardanus auctor. loveliest of children, great-hearted heroes, born in 650 happier years, Ilus, Assaracus, and Dardanus arma procul currusque uirum miratur inanis; founder of Troy. Aeneas marvels from a distance at stant terra defixae hastae passimque soluti their idle chariots and their weapons: their spears per campum pascuntur equi. quae gratia currum fixed in the ground, and their horses scattered armorumque fuit uiuis, quae cura nitentis freely browsing over the plain: the pleasure they pascere equos, eadem sequitur tellure repostos. 655 took in chariots and armour while alive, the care in conspicit, ecce, alios dextra laeuaque per herbam tending shining horses, follows them below the uescentis laetumque choro paeana canentis earth. Look, he sees others on the grass to right and inter odoratum lauris nemus, unde superne left, feasting, and singing a joyful paean in chorus, plurimus Eridani per siluam uoluitur amnis. among the fragrant groves of laurel, out of which hic manus ob patriam pugnando uulnera passi, 660 the Eridanus's broad river flows through the quique sacerdotes casti, dum uita manebat, woodlands to the world above. Here is the company quique pii uates et Phoebo digna locuti, of those who suffered wounds fighting for their inuentas aut qui uitam excoluere per artis country: and those who were pure priests, while quique sui memores aliquos fecere merendo: they lived, and those who were faithful poets, omnibus his niuea cinguntur tempora uitta. 665 singers worthy of Apollo, and those who improved quos circumfusos sic est adfata Sibylla, life, with discoveries in Art or Science, and those Musaeum ante omnis (medium nam plurima turba who by merit caused others to remember them: the hunc habet atque umeris exstantem suspicit altis): brows of all these were bound with white 'dicite, felices animae tuque optime uates, headbands. As they crowded round, the Sibyl quae regio Anchisen, quis habet locus? illius ergo addressed them, Musaeus above all: since he holds 670 the centre of the vast crowd, all looking up to him, uenimus et magnos Erebi tranauimus amnis.' his tall shoulders towering above: 'Blessed spirits, atque huic responsum paucis ita reddidit heros: and you, greatest of Poets, say what region or place 'nulli certa domus; lucis habitamus opacis, contains Anchises. We have come here, crossing riparumque toros et prata recentia riuis the great rivers of Erebus, for him.' And the hero incolimus. sed uos, si fert ita corde uoluntas, 675 replied to her briefly in these words: 'None of us hoc superate iugum, et facili iam tramite sistam.' have a fixed abode: we live in the shadowy woods, dixit, et ante tulit gressum camposque nitentis and make couches of river-banks, and inhabit fresh- desuper ostentat; dehinc summa cacumina linquunt. water meadows. But climb this ridge, if your hearts-wish so inclines, and I will soon set you on an easy path.' He spoke and went on before them, and showed them the bright plains below: then they left the mountain heights. Lines 679-702 The Meeting with Anchises At pater Anchises penitus conualle uirenti But deep in a green valley his father Anchises was inclusas animas superumque ad lumen ituras 680 surveying the spirits enclosed there, destined for lustrabat studio recolens, omnemque suorum the light above, thinking carefully, and was forte recensebat numerum, carosque nepotes reviewing as it chanced the numbers of his own fataque fortunasque uirum moresque manusque. folk, his dear grandsons, and their fate and fortunes isque ubi tendentem aduersum per gramina uidit as men, and their ways and works. And when he Aenean, alacris palmas utrasque tetendit, 685 saw Aeneas heading towards him over the grass he effusaeque genis lacrimae et uox excidit ore: stretched out both his hands eagerly, his face 'uenisti tandem, tuaque exspectata parenti streaming with tears, and a cry issued from his lips: uicit iter durum pietas? datur ora tueri, 'Have you come at last, and has the loyalty your nate, tua et notas audire et reddere uoces? father expected conquered the harsh road? Is it sic equidem ducebam animo rebarque futurum 690 granted me to see your face, my son, and hear and tempora dinumerans, nec me mea cura fefellit. speak in familiar tones? I calculated it in my mind, quas ego te terras et quanta per aequora uectum and thought it would be so, counting off the hours, accipio! quantis iactatum, nate, periclis! nor has my trouble failed me. From travel over quam metui ne quid Libyae tibi regna nocerent!' what lands and seas, do I receive you! What ille autem: 'tua me, genitor, tua tristis imago 695 dangers have hurled you about, my son! How I saepius occurrens haec limina tendere adegit; feared the realms of Libya might harm you!' He stant sale Tyrrheno classes. da iungere dextram, answered: 'Father, your image, yours, appearing to da, genitor, teque amplexu ne subtrahe nostro.' me so often, drove me to reach this threshold: My sic memorans largo fletu simul ora rigabat. ships ride the Etruscan waves. Father, let me clasp ter conatus ibi collo dare bracchia circum; 700 your hand, let me, and do not draw away from my ter frustra comprensa manus effugit imago, embrace.' So speaking, his face was also drowned par leuibus uentis uolucrique simillima somno. in a flood of tears. Three times he tries to throw his arms round his father's neck, three times, clasped in vain, that semblance slips though his hands, like the light breeze, most of all like a winged dream. Lines 703-723 The Souls Due for Re-birth Interea uidet Aeneas in ualle reducta And now Aeneas saw a secluded grove in a seclusum nemus et uirgulta sonantia siluae, receding valley, with rustling woodland thickets, Lethaeumque domos placidas qui praenatat amnem. and the river of Lethe gliding past those peaceful 705 places. Innumerable tribes and peoples hovered hunc circum innumerae gentes populique uolabant: round it: just as, in the meadows, on a cloudless ac ueluti in pratis ubi apes aestate serena summer's day, the bees settle on the multifarious floribus insidunt uariis et candida circum flowers, and stream round the bright lilies, and all lilia funduntur, strepit omnis murmure campus. the fields hum with their buzzing. Aeneas was horrescit uisu subito causasque requirit 710 thrilled by the sudden sight, and, in ignorance, inscius Aeneas, quae sint ea flumina porro, asked the cause: what the river is in the distance, quiue uiri tanto complerint agmine ripas. who the men are crowding the banks in such tum pater Anchises: 'animae, quibus altera fato numbers. Then his father Anchises answered: 'They corpora debentur, Lethaei ad fluminis undam are spirits, owed a second body by destiny, and securos latices et longa obliuia potant. 715 they drink the happy waters, and a last forgetting, at has equidem memorare tibi atque ostendere coram Lethe's stream. Indeed, for a long time I've wished iampridem, hanc prolem cupio enumerare meorum, to tell you of them, and show you them face to face, quo magis Italia mecum laetere reperta.' to enumerate my children's descendants, so you 'o pater, anne aliquas ad caelum hinc ire putandum might joy with me more at finding Italy.' 'O father, est is it to be thought that any spirits go from here to sublimis animas iterumque ad tarda reuerti 720 the sky above, returning again to dull matter?' corpora? quae lucis miseris tam dira cupido?' 'Indeed I'll tell you, son, not keep you in doubt,' 'dicam equidem nec te suspensum, nate, tenebo' Anchises answered, and revealed each thing in suscipit Anchises atque ordine singula pandit. order. Lines 724-751 The Transmigration of Souls 'Principio caelum ac terras camposque liquentis 'Firstly, a spirit within them nourishes the sky and lucentemque globum lunae Titaniaque astra 725 earth, the watery plains, the shining orb of the spiritus intus alit, totamque infusa per artus moon, and Titan's star, and Mind, flowing through mens agitat molem et magno se corpore miscet. matter, vivifies the whole mass, and mingles with inde hominum pecudumque genus uitaeque its vast frame. From it come the species of man and uolantum beast, and winged lives, and the monsters the sea et quae marmoreo fert monstra sub aequore pontus. contains beneath its marbled waves. The power of igneus est ollis uigor et caelestis origo 730 those seeds is fiery, and their origin divine, so long seminibus, quantum non noxia corpora tardant as harmful matter doesn't impede them and terrenique hebetant artus moribundaque membra. terrestrial bodies and mortal limbs don't dull them. hinc metuunt cupiuntque, dolent gaudentque, neque Through those they fear and desire, and grieve and auras joy, and enclosed in night and a dark dungeon, can't dispiciunt clausae tenebris et carcere caeco. see the light. Why, when life leaves them at the quin et supremo cum lumine uita reliquit, 735 final hour, still all of the evil, all the plagues of the non tamen omne malum miseris nec funditus flesh, alas, have not completely vanished, and omnes many things, long hardened deep within, must of corporeae excedunt pestes, penitusque necesse est necessity be ingrained, in strange ways. So they are multa diu concreta modis inolescere miris. scourged by torments, and pay the price for former ergo exercentur poenis ueterumque malorum sins: some are hung, stretched out, to the hollow supplicia expendunt: aliae panduntur inanes 740 winds, the taint of wickedness is cleansed for others suspensae ad uentos, aliis sub gurgite uasto in vast gulfs, or burned away with fire: each spirit infectum eluitur scelus aut exuritur igni: suffers its own: then we are sent through wide quisque suos patimur manis. exinde per amplum Elysium, and we few stay in the joyous fields, for a mittimur Elysium et pauci laeta arua tenemus, length of days, till the cycle of time, complete, donec longa dies perfecto temporis orbe 745 removes the hardened stain, and leaves pure concretam exemit labem, purumque relinquit ethereal thought, and the brightness of natural air. aetherium sensum atque aurai simplicis ignem. All these others the god calls in a great crowd to the has omnis, ubi mille rotam uoluere per annos, river Lethe, after they have turned the wheel for a Lethaeum ad fluuium deus euocat agmine magno, thousand years, so that, truly forgetting, they can scilicet immemores supera ut conuexa reuisant 750 revisit the vault above, and begin with a desire to rursus, et incipiant in corpora uelle reuerti.' return to the flesh.' Lines 752-776 The Future Race – The Alban Kings Dixerat Anchises natumque unaque Sibyllam Anchises had spoken, and he drew the Sibyl and his conuentus trahit in medios turbamque sonantem, son, both together, into the middle of the gathering et tumulum capit unde omnis longo ordine posset and the murmuring crowd, and chose a hill from aduersos legere et uenientum discere uultus. 755 which he could see all the long ranks opposite, and 'Nunc age, Dardaniam prolem quae deinde sequatur watch their faces as they came by him. 'Come, I gloria, qui maneant Itala de gente nepotes, will now explain what glory will pursue the inlustris animas nostrumque in nomen ituras, children of Dardanus, what descendants await you expediam dictis, et te tua fata docebo. of the Italian race, illustrious spirits to march ille, uides, pura iuuenis qui nititur hasta, 760 onwards in our name, and I will teach you your proxima sorte tenet lucis loca, primus ad auras destiny. See that boy, who leans on a headless aetherias Italo commixtus sanguine surget, spear, he is fated to hold a place nearest the light, Siluius, Albanum nomen, tua postuma proles, first to rise to the upper air, sharing Italian blood, quem tibi longaeuo serum Lauinia coniunx Silvius, of Alban name, your last-born son, who educet siluis regem regumque parentem, 765 your wife Lavinia, late in your old age, will give unde genus Longa nostrum dominabitur Alba. birth to in the wood, a king and the father of kings, proximus ille Procas, Troianae gloria gentis, through whom our race will rule in Alba Longa. et Capys et Numitor et qui te nomine reddet Next to him is Procas, glory of the Trojan people, Siluius Aeneas, pariter pietate uel armis and Capys and Numitor, and he who'll revive your egregius, si umquam regnandam acceperit Albam. name, Silvius Aeneas, outstanding like you in 770 virtue and arms, if he might at last achieve the qui iuuenes! quantas ostentant, aspice, uiris Alban throne. What men! See what authority they atque umbrata gerunt ciuili tempora quercu! display, their foreheads shaded by the civic oak- hi tibi Nomentum et Gabios urbemque Fidenam, leaf crown! They will build Nomentum, Gabii, and hi Collatinas imponent montibus arces, Fidenae's city: Collatia's fortress in the hills, Pometios Castrumque Inui Bolamque Coramque; Pometii and the Fort of Inus, and Bola, and Cora. 775 Those will be names that are now nameless land. haec tum nomina erunt, nunc sunt sine nomine terrae. Lines 777-807 The Future Race – Romulus and the Caesars quin et auo comitem sese Mauortius addet Yes, and a child of Mars will join his grandfather to Romulus, Assaraci quem sanguinis Ilia mater accompany him, Romulus, whom his mother Ilia educet. uiden, ut geminae stant uertice cristae will bear, of Assaracus's line. See how Mars's twin et pater ipse suo superum iam signat honore? 780 plumes stand on his crest, and his father marks him en huius, nate, auspiciis illa incluta Roma out for the world above with his own emblems? imperium terris, animos aequabit Olympo, Behold, my son, under his command glorious septemque una sibi muro circumdabit arces, Rome will match earth's power and heaven's will, felix prole uirum: qualis Berecyntia mater and encircle seven hills with a single wall, happy in inuehitur curru Phrygias turrita per urbes 785 her race of men: as Cybele, the Berecynthian 'Great laeta deum partu, centum complexa nepotes, Mother', crowned with turrets, rides through the omnis caelicolas, omnis supera alta tenentis. Phrygian cities, delighting in her divine children, huc geminas nunc flecte acies, hanc aspice gentem clasping a hundred descendants, all gods, all Romanosque tuos. hic Caesar et omnis Iuli dwelling in the heights above. Now direct your progenies magnum caeli uentura sub axem. 790 eyes here, gaze at this people, your own Romans. hic uir, hic est, tibi quem promitti saepius audis, Here is Caesar, and all the offspring of Iulus Augustus Caesar, diui genus, aurea condet destined to live under the pole of heaven. This is saecula qui rursus Latio regnata per arua the man, this is him, whom you so often hear Saturno quondam, super et Garamantas et Indos promised you, Augustus Caesar, son of the Deified, proferet imperium; iacet extra sidera tellus, 795 who will make a Golden Age again in the fields extra anni solisque uias, ubi caelifer Atlas where Saturn once reigned, and extend the empire axem umero torquet stellis ardentibus aptum. beyond the Libyans and the Indians (to a land that huius in aduentum iam nunc et Caspia regna lies outside the zodiac's belt, beyond the sun's responsis horrent diuum et Maeotia tellus, ecliptic and the year's, where sky-carrying Atlas et septemgemini turbant trepida ostia Nili. 800 turns the sphere, inset with gleaming stars, on his nec uero Alcides tantum telluris obiuit, shoulders): Even now the Caspian realms, and fixerit aeripedem ceruam licet, aut Erymanthi Maeotian earth, tremble at divine prophecies of his pacarit nemora et Lernam tremefecerit arcu; coming, and the restless mouths of the seven- nec qui pampineis uictor iuga flectit habenis branched Nile are troubled. Truly, Hercules never Liber, agens celso Nysae de uertice tigris. 805 crossed so much of the earth, though he shot the et dubitamus adhuc uirtutem extendere factis, bronze-footed Arcadian deer, brought peace to the aut metus Ausonia prohibet consistere terra? woods of Erymanthus, made Lerna tremble at his bow: nor did Bacchus, who steers his chariot, in triumph, with reins made of vines, guiding his tigers down from Nysa's high peak. Do we really hesitate still to extend our power by our actions, and does fear prevent us settling the Italian lands? Lines 808-853 The Future Race – The Republic and Beyond quis procul ille autem ramis insignis oliuae Who is he, though, over there, distinguished by his sacra ferens? nosco crinis incanaque menta olive branches, carrying offerings? I know the hair regis Romani primam qui legibus urbem 810 and the white-bearded chin of a king of Rome, fundabit, Curibus paruis et paupere terra Numa, called to supreme authority from little missus in imperium magnum. cui deinde subibit Cures's poverty-stricken earth, who will secure our otia qui rumpet patriae residesque mouebit first city under the rule of law. Then Tullus will Tullus in arma uiros et iam desueta triumphis succeed him who will shatter the country's peace, agmina. quem iuxta sequitur iactantior Ancus 815 and call to arms sedentary men, ranks now unused nunc quoque iam nimium gaudens popularibus to triumphs. The over-boastful Ancus follows him auris. closely, delighting too much even now in the uis et Tarquinios reges animamque superbam people's opinion. Will you look too at Tarquin's ultoris Bruti, fascisque uidere receptos? dynasty, and the proud spirit of Brutus the avenger, consulis imperium hic primus saeuasque securis the rods of office reclaimed? He'll be the first to accipiet, natosque pater noua bella mouentis 820 win a consul's powers and the savage axes, and ad poenam pulchra pro libertate uocabit, when the sons foment a new civil war, the father infelix, utcumque ferent ea facta minores: will call them to account, for lovely freedom's sake: uincet amor patriae laudumque immensa cupido. ah, to be pitied, whatever posterity says of his quin Decios Drusosque procul saeuumque securi actions: his love of country will prevail, and great aspice Torquatum et referentem signa Camillum. appetite for glory. Ah, see over there, the Decii and 825 Drusi, and Torquatus brutal with the axe, and illae autem paribus quas fulgere cernis in armis, Camillus rescuing the standards. But those others, concordes animae nunc et dum nocte prementur, you can discern, shining in matching armour, souls heu quantum inter se bellum, si lumina uitae in harmony now, while they are cloaked in attigerint, quantas acies stragemque ciebunt, darkness, ah, if they reach the light of the living, aggeribus socer Alpinis atque arce Monoeci 830 what civil war what battle and slaughter, they'll descendens, gener aduersis instructus Eois! cause, Julius Caesar, the father-in-law, down from ne, pueri, ne tanta animis adsuescite bella the Alpine ramparts, from the fortress of neu patriae ualidas in uiscera uertite uiris; Monoecus: Pompey, the son-in-law, opposing with tuque prior, tu parce, genus qui ducis Olympo, Eastern forces. My sons, don't inure your spirits to proice tela manu, sanguis meus!— 835 such wars, never turn the powerful forces of your ille triumphata Capitolia ad alta Corintho country on itself: You be the first to halt, you, who uictor aget currum caesis insignis Achiuis. derive your race from heaven: hurl the sword from eruet ille Argos Agamemnoniasque Mycenas your hand, who are of my blood! There's ipsumque Aeaciden, genus armipotentis Achilli, Mummius: triumphing over Corinth, he'll drive his ultus auos Troiae templa et temerata Mineruae. 840 chariot, victorious, to the high Capitol, famed for quis te, magne Cato, tacitum aut te, Cosse, the Greeks he's killed: and Aemilius Paulus, who, relinquat? avenging his Trojan ancestors, and Minerva's quis Gracchi genus aut geminos, duo fulmina belli, desecrated shrine, will destroy Agamemnon's Scipiadas, cladem Libyae, paruoque potentem Mycenae, and Argos, and Perseus the Aeacid Fabricium uel te sulco, Serrane, serentem? himself, descendant of war-mighty Achilles. Who quo fessum rapitis, Fabii? tu Maximus ille es, 845 would pass over you in silence, great Cato, or you unus qui nobis cunctando restituis rem. Cossus, or the Gracchus's race, or the two Scipios, excudent alii spirantia mollius aera war's lightning bolts, the scourges of Libya, or you (credo equidem), uiuos ducent de marmore uultus, Fabricius, powerful in poverty, or you, Regulus orabunt causas melius, caelique meatus Serranus, sowing your furrow with seed? Fabii, describent radio et surgentia sidera dicent: 850 where do you hurry my weary steps? You, Fabius tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento Maximus, the Delayer, are he who alone renew our (hae tibi erunt artes), pacique imponere morem, State. Others (I can well believe) will hammer out parcere subiectis et debellare superbos.' bronze that breathes with more delicacy than us, draw out living features from the marble: plead their causes better, trace with instruments the movement of the skies, and tell the rising of the constellations: remember, Roman, it is for you to rule the nations with your power, (that will be your skill) to crown peace with law, to spare the conquered, and subdue the proud.' Lines 854-885 The Future Race – Marcellus Sic pater Anchises, atque haec mirantibus addit: So father Anchises spoke, and while they 'aspice, ut insignis spoliis Marcellus opimis 855 marvelled, added: 'See, how Claudius Marcellus, ingreditur uictorque uiros supereminet omnis. distinguished by the Supreme Prize, comes hic rem Romanam magno turbante tumultu forward, and towers, victorious, over other men. As sistet eques, sternet Poenos Gallumque rebellem, a knight, he'll support the Roman State, turbulent tertiaque arma patri suspendet capta Quirino.' with fierce confusion, strike the Cathaginians and atque hic Aeneas (una namque ire uidebat 860 rebellious Gauls, and dedicate captured weapons, a egregium forma iuuenem et fulgentibus armis, third time, to father Quirinus.' And, at this, Aeneas sed frons laeta parum et deiecto lumina uultu) said (since he saw a youth of outstanding beauty 'quis, pater, ille, uirum qui sic comitatur euntem? with shining armour, walking with Marcellus, but filius, anne aliquis magna de stirpe nepotum? his face lacking in joy, and his eyes downcast): qui strepitus circa comitum! quantum instar in ipso! 'Father, who is this who accompanies him on his 865 way? His son: or another of his long line of sed nox atra caput tristi circumuolat umbra.' descendants? What murmuring round them! What tum pater Anchises lacrimis ingressus obortis: presence he has! But dark night, with its sad 'o gnate, ingentem luctum ne quaere tuorum; shadows, hovers round his head.' Then his father ostendent terris hunc tantum fata nec ultra Aeneas, with welling tears, replied: 'O, do not ask esse sinent. nimium uobis Romana propago 870 about your people's great sorrow, my son. The uisa potens, superi, propria haec si dona fuissent. Fates will only show him to the world, not allow quantos ille uirum magnam Mauortis ad urbem him to stay longer. The Roman people would seem campus aget gemitus! uel quae, Tiberine, uidebis too powerful to you gods, if this gift were lasting. funera, cum tumulum praeterlabere recentem! What mourning from mankind that Field of Mars nec puer Iliaca quisquam de gente Latinos 875 will deliver to the mighty city! And what funeral in tantum spe tollet auos, nec Romula quondam processions you, Tiber, will see, as you glide past ullo se tantum tellus iactabit alumno. his new-made tomb! No boy of the line of Ilius heu pietas, heu prisca fides inuictaque bello shall so exalt his Latin ancestors by his show of dextera! non illi se quisquam impune tulisset promise, nor will Romulus's land ever take more obuius armato, seu cum pedes iret in hostem 880 pride in one of its sons. Alas for virtue, alas for the seu spumantis equi foderet calcaribus armos. honour of ancient times, and a hand invincible in heu, miserande puer, si qua fata aspera rumpas, war! No one might have attacked him safely when tu Marcellus eris. manibus date lilia plenis armed, whether he met the enemy on foot, or dug purpureos spargam flores animamque nepotis his spurs into the flank of his foaming charger. Ah, his saltem accumulem donis, et fungar inani 885 boy to be pitied, if only you may shatter harsh fate, you'll be a Marcellus! Give me handfuls of white lilies, let me scatter radiant flowers, let me load my scion's spirit with those gifts at least, in discharging that poor duty.' Lines 886-901 The Gates of Sleep munere.' sic tota passim regione uagantur So they wander here and there through the whole aeris in campis latis atque omnia lustrant. region, over the wide airy plain, and gaze at quae postquam Anchises natum per singula duxit everything. And when Anchises has led his son incenditque animum famae uenientis amore, through each place, and inflamed his spirit with exim bella uiro memorat quae deinde gerenda, 890 love of the glory that is to come, he tells him then Laurentisque docet populos urbemque Latini, of the wars he must soon fight, and teaches him et quo quemque modo fugiatque feratque laborem. about the Laurentine peoples, and the city of Sunt geminae Somni portae, quarum altera fertur Latinus, and how to avoid or face each trial. There cornea, qua ueris facilis datur exitus umbris, are two gates of Sleep: one of which is said to be of altera candenti perfecta nitens elephanto, 895 horn, through which an easy passage is given to sed falsa ad caelum mittunt insomnia Manes. true shades, the other gleams with the whiteness of his ibi tum natum Anchises unaque Sibyllam polished ivory, but through it the Gods of the Dead prosequitur dictis portaque emittit eburna, send false dreams to the world above. After his ille uiam secat ad nauis sociosque reuisit. words, Anchises accompanies his son there, and, Tum se ad Caietae recto fert limite portum. 900 frees him, together with the Sibyl, through the ancora de prora iacitur; stant litore puppes. ivory gate. Aeneas makes his way to the ships and rejoins his friends: then coasts straight to Caieta's harbour along the shore. The anchors are thrown from the prows: on the shore the sterns rest. BOOK VII
Lines 1-36 The Trojans Reach the Tiber Tu quoque litoribus nostris, Aeneia nutrix, Caieta, Aeneas's nurse, you too have granted aeternam moriens famam, Caieta, dedisti; eternal fame to our shores in dying: tributes still et nunc seruat honos sedem tuus, ossaque nomen protect your grave, and your name marks your Hesperia in magna, si qua est ea gloria, signat. bones in great Hesperia, if that is glory. Now, as At pius exsequiis Aeneas rite solutis, 5 soon as the open sea was calm, having paid the last aggere composito tumuli, postquam alta quierunt rites due to custom, and raised a funeral mound, aequora, tendit iter uelis portumque relinquit. Aeneas the good left the harbour and sailed on his aspirant aurae in noctem nec candida cursus way. The breezes blew through the night, and a luna negat, splendet tremulo sub lumine pontus. radiant moon was no inhibitor to their voyage, the proxima Circaeae raduntur litora terrae, 10 sea gleaming in the tremulous light. The next diues inaccessos ubi Solis filia lucos shores they touched were Circe's lands, where that adsiduo resonat cantu, tectisque superbis rich daughter of the sun makes the hidden groves urit odoratam nocturna in lumina cedrum echo with continual chanting, and burns fragrant arguto tenuis percurrens pectine telas. cedar for nocturnal light in her proud palace, as she hinc exaudiri gemitus iraeque leonum 15 sets her melodious shuttle running through the fine uincla recusantum et sera sub nocte rudentum, warp. From there the angry roar of lions could be saetigerique sues atque in praesepibus ursi heard, chafing at their ropes, and sounding late into saeuire ac formae magnorum ululare luporum, the night, and the rage of bristling wild-boars, and quos hominum ex facie dea saeua potentibus herbis caged bears, and the howling shapes of huge induerat Circe in uultus ac terga ferarum. 20 wolves, whom Circe, cruel goddess, had altered quae ne monstra pii paterentur talia Troes from human appearance to the features and forms delati in portus neu litora dira subirent, of creatures, using powerful herbs. But Neptune Neptunus uentis impleuit uela secundis, filled their sails with following winds, so that atque fugam dedit et praeter uada feruida uexit. Troy's virtuous race should not suffer so monstrous Iamque rubescebat radiis mare et aethere ab alto 25 a fate entering the harbour, and disembarking on Aurora in roseis fulgebat lutea bigis, that fatal shore, and carried them past the boiling cum uenti posuere omnisque repente resedit shallows, granting them escape. Now the sea was flatus, et in lento luctantur marmore tonsae. reddening with the sun's rays, and saffron Aurora in atque hic Aeneas ingentem ex aequore lucum her rose-coloured chariot, shone from the heights of prospicit. hunc inter fluuio Tiberinus amoeno 30 heaven, when the winds dropped and every breeze uerticibus rapidis et multa flauus harena suddenly fell away, and the oars laboured slowly in in mare prorumpit. uariae circumque supraque the water. At this moment, gazing from the sea, adsuetae ripis uolucres et fluminis alueo Aeneas saw a vast forest. Through it the Tiber's aethera mulcebant cantu lucoque uolabant. lovely river, with swirling eddies full of golden flectere iter sociis terraeque aduertere proras 35 sand, bursts to the ocean. Countless birds, around imperat et laetus fluuio succedit opaco. and above, that haunt the banks and streams, were delighting the heavens with their song and flying through the groves. He ordered his friends to change course and turn their prows towards land, and joyfully entered the shaded river. Lines 37-106 King Latinus and the Oracle Nunc age, qui reges, Erato, quae tempora, rerum Come now, Erato, and I'll tell of the kings, the quis Latio antiquo fuerit status, aduena classem times, the state of ancient Latium, when that cum primum Ausoniis exercitus appulit oris, foreign troop first landed on Ausonia's shores, and expediam, et primae reuocabo exordia pugnae. 40 I'll recall the first fighting from its very beginning. tu uatem, tu, diua, mone. dicam horrida bella, You goddess, you must prompt your poet. I'll tell of dicam acies actosque animis in funera reges, brutal war, I'll tell of battle action, and princes Tyrrhenamque manum totamque sub arma coactam driven to death by their courage, of Trojan armies, Hesperiam. maior rerum mihi nascitur ordo, and all of Hesperia forced to take up arms. A maius opus moueo. 45 greater order of things is being born, greater is the Rex arua Latinus et urbes work that I attempt. King Latinus, now old in years, iam senior longa placidas in pace regebat. ruled fields and towns, in the tranquillity of lasting hunc Fauno et nympha genitum Laurente Marica peace. We hear he was the child of Faunus and the accipimus; Fauno Picus pater, isque parentem Laurentine nymph, Marica. Faunus's father was te, Saturne, refert, tu sanguinis ultimus auctor. Pictus, and he boasts you, Saturn, as his, you the filius huic fato diuum prolesque uirilis 50 first founder of the line. By divine decree, Latinus nulla fuit, primaque oriens erepta iuuenta est. had no male heir, his son having been snatched sola domum et tantas seruabat filia sedes from him in the dawn of first youth. There was only iam matura uiro, iam plenis nubilis annis. a daughter to keep house in so noble a palace, now multi illam magno e Latio totaque petebant ready for a husband, now old enough to be a bride. Ausonia; petit ante alios pulcherrimus omnis 55 Many sought her hand, from wide Latium and all Turnus, auis atauisque potens, quem regia coniunx Ausonia, Turnus above all, the most handsome, of adiungi generum miro properabat amore; powerful ancestry, whom the queen hastened to sed uariis portenta deum terroribus obstant. link to her as her son-in-law with wonderful laurus erat tecti medio in penetralibus altis affection. But divine omens, with their many sacra comam multosque metu seruata per annos, 60 terrors, prevented it. There was a laurel, with sacred quam pater inuentam, primas cum conderet arces, leaves, in the high inner court in the middle of the ipse ferebatur Phoebo sacrasse Latinus, palace, that had been guarded with reverence for Laurentisque ab ea nomen posuisse colonis. many years. It was said that Lord Latinus himself huius apes summum densae (mirabile dictu) had discovered it, when he first built his fortress, stridore ingenti liquidum trans aethera uectae 65 and dedicated it to Apollo, and from it had named obsedere apicem, et pedibus per mutua nexis the settlers Laurentines. A dense cloud of bees examen subitum ramo frondente pependit. (marvellous to tell) borne through the clear air, with continuo uates 'externum cernimus' inquit a mighty humming, settled in the very top of the 'aduentare uirum et partis petere agmen easdem tree, and hung there, their feet all tangled together, partibus ex isdem et summa dominarier arce.' 70 in a sudden swarm. Immediately the prophet cried: praeterea, castis adolet dum altaria taedis, 'I see a foreign hero, approaching, and, from a like et iuxta genitorem astat Lauinia uirgo, direction, an army seeks this same place, to rule uisa (nefas) longis comprendere crinibus ignem from the high citadel.' Then as he lit the altars with atque omnem ornatum flamma crepitante cremari, fresh pine torches, as virgin Lavinia stood there regalisque accensa comas, accensa coronam 75 next to her father she seemed (horror!) to catch the insignem gemmis; tum fumida lumine fuluo fire in her long tresses, and all her finery to burn in inuolui ac totis Volcanum spargere tectis. crackling flame, her royally dressed tresses set id uero horrendum ac uisu mirabile ferri: alight, her crown alight, remarkable for its jewels: namque fore inlustrem fama fatisque canebant then wreathed in smoke and yellow light, she ipsam, sed populo magnum portendere bellum. 80 seemed to scatter sparks through all the palace. At rex sollicitus monstris oracula Fauni, Truly it was talked of as a shocking and miraculous fatidici genitoris, adit lucosque sub alta sight: for they foretold she would be bright with consulit Albunea, nemorum quae maxima sacro fame and fortune, but it signified a great war for her fonte sonat saeuamque exhalat opaca mephitim. people. Then the king, troubled by the wonder, hinc Italae gentes omnisque Oenotria tellus 85 visited the oracle of Faunus, his far-speaking father, in dubiis responsa petunt; huc dona sacerdos and consulted the groves below high Albunea, cum tulit et caesarum ouium sub nocte silenti mightiest of forests, that echoed with the sacred pellibus incubuit stratis somnosque petiuit, fountain, and breathed a deadly vapour from the multa modis simulacra uidet uolitantia miris dark. The people of Italy, and all the Oenotrian et uarias audit uoces fruiturque deorum 90 lands, sought answers to their doubts, from that conloquio atque imis Acheronta adfatur Auernis. place: when the priest brought offerings there, and, hic et tum pater ipse petens responsa Latinus found sleep, in the silent night, lying on spread centum lanigeras mactabat rite bidentis, fleeces of sacrificed sheep, he saw there many atque harum effultus tergo stratisque iacebat ghosts flitting in marvellous forms, and heard uelleribus: subita ex alto uox reddita luco est: 95 various voices, had speech with the gods, and 'ne pete conubiis natam sociare Latinis, talked with Acheron, in the depths of Avernus. And o mea progenies, thalamis neu crede paratis; here the king, Latinus, himself seeking an answer, externi uenient generi, qui sanguine nostrum slaughtered a hundred woolly sheep according to nomen in astra ferant, quorumque a stirpe nepotes the rite, and lay there supported by their skins and omnia sub pedibus, qua sol utrumque recurrens 100 woolly fleeces: Suddenly a voice emerged from the aspicit Oceanum, uertique regique uidebunt.' deep wood: 'O my son, don't try to ally your haec responsa patris Fauni monitusque silenti daughter in a Latin marriage, don't place your faith nocte datos non ipse suo premit ore Latinus, in the intended wedding: strangers will come to be sed circum late uolitans iam Fama per urbes your kin, who'll lift our name to the stars by their Ausonias tulerat, cum Laomedontia pubes 105 blood, and the children of whose race shall see all, gramineo ripae religauit ab aggere classem. where the circling sun views both oceans, turning obediently beneath their feet.' Latinus failed to keep this reply of his Father's quiet, this warning given in the silent night, and already Rumour flying far and wide had carried it through the Ausonian cities, when the children of Laomedon came to moor their ships by the river's grassy banks. Lines 107-147 Fulfilment of A Prophecy Aeneas primique duces et pulcher Iulus Aeneas, handsome Iulus, and the foremost leaders, corpora sub ramis deponunt arboris altae, settled their limbs under the branches of a tall tree, instituuntque dapes et adorea liba per herbam and spread a meal: they set wheat cakes for a base subiciunt epulis (sic Iuppiter ipse monebat) 110 under the food (as Jupiter himself inspired them) et Cereale solum pomis agrestibus augent. and added wild fruits to these tables of Ceres. consumptis hic forte aliis, ut uertere morsus When the poor fare drove them to set their teeth exiguam in Cererem penuria adegit edendi, into the thin discs, the rest being eaten, and to break et uiolare manu malisque audacibus orbem the fateful circles of bread boldly with hands and fatalis crusti patulis nec parcere quadris: 115 jaws, not sparing the quartered cakes, Iulus, 'heus, etiam mensas consumimus?' inquit Iulus, jokingly, said no more than: 'Ha! Are we eating the nec plura, adludens. ea uox audita laborum tables too?' That voice on first being heard brought prima tulit finem, primamque loquentis ab ore them to the end of their labours, and his father, as eripuit pater ac stupefactus numine pressit. the words fell from the speaker's lips, caught them continuo 'salue fatis mihi debita tellus 120 up and stopped him, awestruck at the divine will. uosque' ait 'o fidi Troiae saluete penates: Immediately he said: 'Hail, land destined to me by hic domus, haec patria est. genitor mihi talia fate, and hail to you, O faithful gods of Troy: here namque is our home, here is our country. For my father (nunc repeto) Anchises fatorum arcana reliquit: Anchises (now I remember) left this secret of fate "cum te, nate, fames ignota ad litora uectum with me: 'Son, when you're carried to an unknown accisis coget dapibus consumere mensas, 125 shore, food is lacking, and you're forced to eat the tum sperare domos defessus, ibique memento tables, then look for a home in your weariness: and prima locare manu molirique aggere tecta." remember first thing to set your hand on a site haec erat illa fames, haec nos suprema manebat there, and build your houses behind a rampart.' This exitiis positura modum. was the hunger he prophesied, the last thing quare agite et primo laeti cum lumine solis 130 remaining, to set a limit to our ruin…come then, quae loca, quiue habeant homines, ubi moenia and with the sun's dawn light let's cheerfully gentis, discover what place this is, what men live here, uestigemus et a portu diuersa petamus. where this people's city is, and let's explore from nunc pateras libate Ioui precibusque uocate the harbour in all directions. Now pour libations to Anchisen genitorem, et uina reponite mensis.' Jove and call, with prayer, on my father Anchises, Sic deinde effatus frondenti tempora ramo 135 then set out the wine once more. So saying he implicat et geniumque loci primamque deorum wreathed his forehead with a leafy spray, and Tellurem Nymphasque et adhuc ignota precatur prayed to the spirit of the place, and to Earth the flumina, tum Noctem Noctisque orientia signa oldest of goddesses, and to the Nymphs, and the yet Idaeumque Iouem Phrygiamque ex ordine matrem unknown rivers: then he invoked Night and Night's inuocat, et duplicis caeloque Ereboque parentis. rising constellations, and Idaean Jove, and the 140 Phrygian Mother, in order, and his two parents, one hic pater omnipotens ter caelo clarus ab alto in heaven, one in Erebus. At this the all-powerful intonuit, radiisque ardentem lucis et auro Father thundered three times from the clear sky, ipse manu quatiens ostendit ab aethere nubem. and revealed a cloud in the ether, bright with rays diditur hic subito Troiana per agmina rumor of golden light, shaking it with his own hand. Then aduenisse diem quo debita moenia condant. 145 the word ran suddenly through the Trojan lines that certatim instaurant epulas atque omine magno the day had come to found their destined city. They crateras laeti statuunt et uina coronant. rivalled each other in celebration of the feast, and delighted by the fine omen, set out the bowls and crowned the wine-cups. Lines 148-191 The Palace of Latinus Postera cum prima lustrabat lampade terras Next day when sunrise lit the earth with her first orta dies, urbem et finis et litora gentis flames, they variously discovered the city, shores diuersi explorant: haec fontis stagna Numici, 150 and limits of this nation: here was the pool of hunc Thybrim fluuium, hic fortis habitare Latinos. Numicius's fountain, this was the River Tiber, here tum satus Anchisa delectos ordine ab omni the brave Latins lived. Then Anchises's son ordered centum oratores augusta ad moenia regis a hundred envoys, chosen from every rank, all ire iubet, ramis uelatos Palladis omnis, veiled in Pallas's olive leaves to go to the king's donaque ferre uiro pacemque exposcere Teucris. noble fortress, carrying gifts for a hero, and 155 requesting peace towards the Trojans. Without haud mora, festinant iussi rapidisque feruntur delay, they hastened as ordered, travelling at a swift passibus. ipse humili designat moenia fossa pace. He himself marked out walls with a shallow moliturque locum, primasque in litore sedes ditch, toiled at the site, and surrounded the first castrorum in morem pinnis atque aggere cingit. settlement on those shores with a rampart and iamque iter emensi turris ac tecta Latinorum 160 battlement, in the style of a fortified camp. And ardua cernebant iuuenes muroque subibant. now his men had pursued their journey and they ante urbem pueri et primaeuo flore iuuentus saw Latinus's turrets and high roofs, and arrived exercentur equis domitantque in puluere currus, beneath the walls. Boys, and men in the flower of aut acris tendunt arcus aut lenta lacertis youth, were practising horsemanship outside the spicula contorquent, cursuque ictuque lacessunt: city, breaking in their mounts in clouds of dust, or 165 bending taut bows, or hurling firm spears with their cum praeuectus equo longaeui regis ad auris arms, challenging each other to race or box: when a nuntius ingentis ignota in ueste reportat messenger, racing ahead on his horse, reported to aduenisse uiros. ille intra tecta uocari the ears of the aged king that powerful warriors in imperat et solio medius consedit auito. unknown dress had arrived. The king ordered them Tectum augustum, ingens, centum sublime to be summoned to the palace, and took his seat, in columnis 170 the centre, on his ancestral throne. Huge and urbe fuit summa, Laurentis regia Pici, magnificent, raised on a hundred columns, his roof horrendum siluis et religione parentum. was the city's summit, the palace of Laurentian hic sceptra accipere et primos attollere fascis Picus, sanctified by its grove and the worship of regibus omen erat; hoc illis curia templum, generations. It was auspicious for a king to receive hae sacris sedes epulis; hic ariete caeso 175 the sceptre here and first lift the fasces, the rods of perpetuis soliti patres considere mensis. office: this shrine was their curia, their senate quin etiam ueterum effigies ex ordine auorum house, the place of their sacred feasts, here the antiqua e cedro, Italusque paterque Sabinus elders, after lambs were sacrificed, sat down at an uitisator curuam seruans sub imagine falcem, endless line of tables. There standing in ranks at the Saturnusque senex Ianique bifrontis imago 180 entrance were the statues of ancestors of old, in uestibulo astabant, aliique ab origine reges, ancient cedar-wood, Italus, and father Sabinus, the Martiaque ob patriam pugnando uulnera passi. vine-grower, depicted guarding a curved pruning- multaque praeterea sacris in postibus arma, hook, and aged Saturn, and the image of Janus bi- captiui pendent currus curuaeque secures face, and other kings from the beginning, and et cristae capitum et portarum ingentia claustra 185 heroes wounded in battle, fighting for their country. spiculaque clipeique ereptaque rostra carinis. Many weapons too hung on the sacred doorposts, ipse Quirinali lituo paruaque sedebat captive chariots, curved axes, helmet crests, the succinctus trabea laeuaque ancile gerebat massive bars of city gates, spears, shields and the Picus, equum domitor, quem capta cupidine ends of prows torn from ships. There Picus, the coniunx Horse-Tamer, sat, holding the lituus, the augur's aurea percussum uirga uersumque uenenis 190 Quirinal staff, and clothed in the trabea, the purple- fecit auem Circe sparsitque coloribus alas. striped toga, and carrying the ancile, the sacred shield, in his left hand, he, whom his lover, Circe, captivated by desire, struck with her golden rod: changed him with magic drugs to a woodpecker, and speckled his wings with colour. Lines 192-248 The Trojans Seek Alliance With Latinus Tali intus templo diuum patriaque Latinus Such was the temple of the gods in which Latinus, sede sedens Teucros ad sese in tecta uocauit, seated on the ancestral throne, called the Trojans to atque haec ingressis placido prior edidit ore: him in the palace, and as they entered spoke first, 'dicite, Dardanidae (neque enim nescimus et urbem with a calm expression: 'Sons of Dardanus (for 195 your city and people are not unknown to us, and we et genus, auditique aduertitis aequore cursum), heard of your journey towards us on the seas), what quid petitis? quae causa rates aut cuius egentis do you wish? What reason, what need has brought litus ad Ausonium tot per uada caerula uexit? your ships to Ausonian shores, over so many azure siue errore uiae seu tempestatibus acti, waves? Whether you have entered the river mouth, qualia multa mari nautae patiuntur in alto, 200 and lie in harbour, after straying from your course, fluminis intrastis ripas portuque sedetis, or driven here by storms, such things as sailors ne fugite hospitium, neue ignorate Latinos endure on the deep ocean, don't shun our Saturni gentem haud uinclo nec legibus aequam, hospitality, and don't neglect the fact that the Latins sponte sua ueterisque dei se more tenentem. are Saturn's people, just, not through constraint or atque equidem memini (fama est obscurior annis) law, but of our own free will, holding to the ways 205 of the ancient god. And I remember in truth Auruncos ita ferre senes, his ortus ut agris (though the tale is obscured by time) that the Dardanus Idaeas Phrygiae penetrarit ad urbes Auruncan elders told how Dardanus, sprung from Threiciamque Samum, quae nunc Samothracia these shores, penetrated the cities of Phrygian Ida, fertur. and Thracian Samos, that is now called hinc illum Corythi Tyrrhena ab sede profectum Samothrace. Setting out from here, from his aurea nunc solio stellantis regia caeli 210 Etruscan home, Corythus, now the golden palace of accipit et numerum diuorum altaribus auget.' the starlit sky grants him a throne, and he increases Dixerat, et dicta Ilioneus sic uoce secutus: the number of divine altars.' He finished speaking, 'rex, genus egregium Fauni, nec fluctibus actos and Ilioneus, following, answered so: 'King, atra subegit hiems uestris succedere terris, illustrious son of Faunus, no dark tempest, driving nec sidus regione uiae litusue fefellit: 215 us though the waves, forced us onto your shores, no consilio hanc omnes animisque uolentibus urbem star or coastline deceived us in our course: we adferimur pulsi regnis, quae maxima quondam travelled to this city by design, and with willing extremo ueniens sol aspiciebat Olympo. hearts, exiled from our kingdom, that was once the ab Ioue principium generis, Ioue Dardana pubes greatest that the sun gazed on, as he travelled from gaudet auo, rex ipse Iouis de gente suprema: 220 the edge of heaven. The founder of our race is Jove, Troius Aeneas tua nos ad limina misit. the sons of Dardanus enjoy Jove as their ancestor, quanta per Idaeos saeuis effusa Mycenis our king himself is of Jove's high race: Trojan, tempestas ierit campos, quibus actus uterque Aeneas, sends us to your threshold. The fury of the Europae atque Asiae fatis concurrerit orbis, storm that poured from fierce Mycenae, and audiit et si quem tellus extrema refuso 225 crossed the plains of Ida, and how the two worlds summouet Oceano et si quem extenta plagarum of Europe and Asia clashed, driven by fate, has quattuor in medio dirimit plaga solis iniqui. been heard by those whom the most distant lands diluuio ex illo tot uasta per aequora uecti banish to where Ocean circles back, and those dis sedem exiguam patriis litusque rogamus whom the zone of excessive heat, stretched innocuum et cunctis undamque auramque between the other four, separates from us. Sailing patentem. 230 out of that deluge, over many wastes of sea, we ask non erimus regno indecores, nec uestra feretur a humble home for our country's gods, and a fama leuis tantique abolescet gratia facti, harmless stretch of shore, and air and water nec Troiam Ausonios gremio excepisse pigebit. accessible to all. We'll be no disgrace to the fata per Aeneae iuro dextramque potentem, kingdom, nor will your reputation be spoken of siue fide seu quis bello est expertus et armis: 235 lightly, nor gratitude for such an action fade, nor multi nos populi, multae (ne temne, quod ultro Ausonia regret taking Troy to her breast. I swear by praeferimus manibus uittas ac uerba precantia) the destiny of Aeneas, and the power of his right et petiere sibi et uoluere adiungere gentes; hand, whether proven by any man in loyalty, or war sed nos fata deum uestras exquirere terras and weapons, many are the peoples, many are the imperiis egere suis. hinc Dardanus ortus, 240 nations (do not scorn us because we offer peace- huc repetit iussisque ingentibus urget Apollo ribbons, and words of prayer, unasked) who Tyrrhenum ad Thybrim et fontis uada sacra themselves sought us and wished to join with us: Numici. but through divine destiny we sought out your dat tibi praeterea fortunae parua prioris shores to carry out its commands. Dardanus sprang munera, reliquias Troia ex ardente receptas. from here, Apollo recalls us to this place, and, with hoc pater Anchises auro libabat ad aras, 245 weighty orders, drives us to Tuscan Tiber, and the hoc Priami gestamen erat cum iura uocatis sacred waters of the Numician fount. Moreover our more daret populis, sceptrumque sacerque tiaras king offers you these small tokens of his former Iliadumque labor uestes.' fortune, relics snatched from burning Troy. His father Anchises poured libations at the altar from this gold, this was Priam's burden when by custom he made laws for the assembled people, the sceptre, and sacred turban, and the clothes, laboured on by the daughters of Ilium.' Lines 249-285 Latinus Offers Peace Talibus Ilionei dictis defixa Latinus At Ilioneus's words Latinus kept his face set firmly obtutu tenet ora soloque immobilis haeret, 250 downward, fixed motionless towards the ground, intentos uoluens oculos. nec purpura regem moving his eyes alone intently. It is not the picta mouet nec sceptra mouent Priameia tantum embroidered purple that moves the king nor Priam's quantum in conubio natae thalamoque moratur, sceptre, so much as his dwelling on his daughter's et ueteris Fauni uoluit sub pectore sortem: marriage and her bridal-bed, and he turns over in hunc illum fatis externa ab sede profectum 255 his mind old Faunus's oracle: this must be the man, portendi generum paribusque in regna uocari from a foreign house, prophesied by the fates as my auspiciis, huic progeniem uirtute futuram son-in-law, and summoned to reign with equal egregiam et totum quae uiribus occupet orbem. powers, whose descendants will be illustrious in tandem laetus ait: 'di nostra incepta secundent virtue, and whose might will take possession of all auguriumque suum! dabitur, Troiane, quod optas. the world. At last he spoke, joyfully: 'May the gods 260 favour this beginning, and their prophecy. Trojan, munera nec sperno: non uobis rege Latino what you wish shall be granted. I do not reject your diuitis uber agri Troiaeue opulentia deerit. gifts: you will not lack the wealth of fertile fields, ipse modo Aeneas, nostri si tanta cupido est, or Troy's wealth, while Latinus is king. Only, if si iungi hospitio properat sociusque uocari, Aeneas has such longing for us, if he is eager to adueniat, uultus neue exhorrescat amicos: 265 join us in friendship and be called our ally, let him pars mihi pacis erit dextram tetigisse tyranni. come himself and not be afraid of a friendly face: it uos contra regi mea nunc mandata referte: will be part of the pact, to me, to have touched your est mihi nata, uiro gentis quam iungere nostrae leader's hand. Now you in turn take my reply to the non patrio ex adyto sortes, non plurima caelo king: I have a daughter whom the oracles from my monstra sinunt; generos externis adfore ab oris, 270 father's shrine, and many omens from heaven, will hoc Latio restare canunt, qui sanguine nostrum not allow to unite with a husband of our race: sons nomen in astra ferant. hunc illum poscere fata will come from foreign shores, whose blood will et reor et, si quid ueri mens augurat, opto.' raise our name to the stars: this they prophesy is in haec effatus equos numero pater eligit omni store for Latium,. I both think and, if my mind (stabant ter centum nitidi in praesepibus altis); 275 foresees the truth, I hope that this is the man omnibus extemplo Teucris iubet ordine duci destiny demands.' So saying the king selected instratos ostro alipedes pictisque tapetis stallions from his whole stable (three hundred stood (aurea pectoribus demissa monilia pendent, there sleekly in their high stalls): immediately he tecti auro fuluum mandunt sub dentibus aurum), ordered one to be led to each Trojan by rank, absenti Aeneae currum geminosque iugalis 280 caparisoned in purple, swift-footed, with semine ab aetherio spirantis naribus ignem, embroidered housings (gold collars hung low over illorum de gente patri quos daedala Circe their chests, covered in gold, they even champed supposita de matre nothos furata creauit. bits of yellow gold between their teeth), and for the talibus Aeneadae donis dictisque Latini absent Aeneas there was a chariot, with twin sublimes in equis redeunt pacemque reportant. 285 horses, of heaven's line, blowing fire from their nostrils, bastards of that breed of her father's, the Sun, that cunning Circe had produced, by mating them with a mortal mare. The sons of Aeneas, mounting the horses, rode back with these words and gifts of Latinus, bearing peace. Lines 286-340 Juno Summons Allecto Ecce autem Inachiis sese referebat ab Argis But behold, the ferocious wife of Jove returning saeua Iouis coniunx aurasque inuecta tenebat, from Inachus's Argos, winging her airy way, saw et laetum Aenean classemque ex aethere longe the delighted Aeneas and his Trojan fleet, from the Dardaniam Siculo prospexit ab usque Pachyno. distant sky, beyond Sicilian Pachynus. She gazed at moliri iam tecta uidet, iam fidere terrae, 290 them, already building houses, already confident in deseruisse rates: stetit acri fixa dolore. their land, the ships deserted: she halted pierced by tum quassans caput haec effundit pectore dicta: a bitter pang. Then shaking her head, she poured 'heu stirpem inuisam et fatis contraria nostris these words from her breast: 'Ah loathsome tribe, fata Phrygum! num Sigeis occumbere campis, and Trojan destiny, opposed to my own destiny! num capti potuere capi? num incensa cremauit 295 Could they not have fallen on the Sigean plains, Troia uiros? medias acies mediosque per ignis could they not have been held as captives? Could inuenere uiam. at, credo, mea numina tandem burning Troy not have consumed these men? They fessa iacent, odiis aut exsaturata quieui. find a way through the heart of armies and flames. quin etiam patria excussos infesta per undas And I think my powers must be exhausted at last, ausa sequi et profugis toto me opponere ponto. 300 or I have come to rest, my anger sated. Why, when absumptae in Teucros uires caelique marisque. they were thrown out of their country I ventured to quid Syrtes aut Scylla mihi, quid uasta Charybdis follow hotly through the waves, and challenge them profuit? optato conduntur Thybridis alueo on every ocean. The forces of sea and sky have securi pelagi atque mei. Mars perdere gentem been wasted on these Trojans. What use have the immanem Lapithum ualuit, concessit in iras 305 Syrtes been to me, or Scylla, or gaping Charybdis? ipse deum antiquam genitor Calydona Dianae, They take refuge in their longed-for Tiber's quod scelus aut Lapithas tantum aut Calydona channel, indifferent to the sea and to me. Mars had merentem? the power to destroy the Lapiths' vast race, the ast ego, magna Iouis coniunx, nil linquere inausum father of the gods himself conceded ancient quae potui infelix, quae memet in omnia uerti, Calydon, given Diana's anger, and for what sin did uincor ab Aenea. quod si mea numina non sunt 310 the Lapiths or Calydon, deserve all that? But I, magna satis, dubitem haud equidem implorare quod Jove's great Queen, who in my wretchedness had usquam est: the power to leave nothing untried, who have flectere si nequeo superos, Acheronta mouebo. turned myself to every means, am conquered by non dabitur regnis, esto, prohibere Latinis, Aeneas. But if my divine strength is not enough, I atque immota manet fatis Lauinia coniunx: 315 won't hesitate to seek help wherever it might be: if I at trahere atque moras tantis licet addere rebus, cannot sway the gods, I'll stir the Acheron. I accept at licet amborum populos exscindere regum. it's not granted to me to withhold the Latin hac gener atque socer coeant mercede suorum: kingdom, and by destiny Lavinia will still, sanguine Troiano et Rutulo dotabere, uirgo, unalterably, be his bride: but I can draw such things et Bellona manet te pronuba. nec face tantum 320 out and add delays, and I can destroy the people of Cisseis praegnas ignis enixa iugalis; these two kings. Let father and son-in-law unite at quin idem Veneri partus suus et Paris alter, the cost of their nations' lives: virgin, your dowry funestaeque iterum recidiua in Pergama taedae.' will be Rutulian and Trojan blood, and Bellona, the Haec ubi dicta dedit, terras horrenda petiuit; goddess of war, waits to attend your marriage. Nor luctificam Allecto dirarum ab sede dearum 325 was it Hecuba, Cisseus's daughter, alone who was infernisque ciet tenebris, cui tristia bella pregnant with a fire-brand, or gave birth to nuptial iraeque insidiaeque et crimina noxia cordi. flames. Why, Venus is alike in her child, another odit et ipse pater Pluton, odere sorores Paris, another funeral torch for a resurrected Troy.' Tartareae monstrum: tot sese uertit in ora, When she had spoken these words, fearsome, she tam saeuae facies, tot pullulat atra colubris. 330 sought the earth: and summoned Allecto, the grief- quam Iuno his acuit uerbis ac talia fatur: bringer, from the house of the Fatal Furies, from 'hunc mihi da proprium, uirgo sata Nocte, laborem, the infernal shadows: in whose mind are sad wars, hanc operam, ne noster honos infractaue cedat angers and deceits, and guilty crimes. A monster, fama loco, neu conubiis ambire Latinum hated by her own father Pluto, hateful to her Aeneadae possint Italosue obsidere finis. 335 Tartarean sisters: she assumes so many forms, her tu potes unanimos armare in proelia fratres features are so savage, she sports so many black atque odiis uersare domos, tu uerbera tectis vipers. Juno roused her with these words, saying: funereasque inferre faces, tibi nomina mille, 'Grant me a favour of my own, virgin daughter of mille nocendi artes. fecundum concute pectus, Night, this service, so that my honour and glory are dissice compositam pacem, sere crimina belli; 340 not weakened, and give way, and the people of arma uelit poscatque simul rapiatque iuuentus.' Aeneas cannot woo Latinus with intermarriage, or fill the bounds of Italy. You've the power to rouse brothers, who are one, to conflict, and overturn homes with hatred: you bring the scourge and the funeral torch into the house: you've a thousand names, and a thousand noxious arts. Search your fertile breast, shatter the peace accord, sow accusations of war: let men in a moment need, demand and seize their weapons.' Lines 341-405 Allecto Maddens Queen Amata Exim Gorgoneis Allecto infecta uenenis So Allecto, steeped in the Gorgon's poison, first principio Latium et Laurentis tecta tyranni searches out Latium and the high halls of the celsa petit, tacitumque obsedit limen Amatae, Laurentine king, and sits at the silent threshold of quam super aduentu Teucrum Turnique hymenaeis Queen Amata, whom concerns and angers have femineae ardentem curaeque iraeque coquebant. troubled, with a woman's passion, concerning the 345 Trojan's arrival, and Turnus's marriage. The huic dea caeruleis unum de crinibus anguem goddess flings a snake at her from her dark locks, conicit, inque sinum praecordia ad intima subdit, and plunges it into the breast, to her innermost quo furibunda domum monstro permisceat omnem. heart, so that maddened by the creature, she might ille inter uestis et leuia pectora lapsus trouble the whole palace. Sliding between her uoluitur attactu nullo, fallitque furentem 350 clothing, and her polished breast, it winds itself uipeream inspirans animam; fit tortile collo unfelt and unknown to the frenzied woman, aurum ingens coluber, fit longae taenia uittae breathing its viperous breath: the powerful snake innectitque comas et membris lubricus errat. becomes her twisted necklace of gold, becomes the ac dum prima lues udo sublapsa ueneno loop of her long ribbon, knots itself in her hair, and pertemptat sensus atque ossibus implicat ignem 355 roves slithering down her limbs. And while at first necdum animus toto percepit pectore flammam, the sickness, sinking within as liquid venom, mollius et solito matrum de more locuta est, pervades her senses, and clasps her bones with fire, multa super natae lacrimans Phrygiisque and before her mind has felt the flame through all hymenaeis: its thoughts, she speaks, softly, and in a mother's 'exsulibusne datur ducenda Lauinia Teucris, usual manner, weeping greatly over the marriage of o genitor, nec te miseret nataeque tuique? 360 her daughter to the Trojan: 'O, have you her father nec matris miseret, quam primo Aquilone relinquet no pity for your daughter or yourself? Have you no perfidus alta petens abducta uirgine praedo? pity for her mother, when the faithless seducer will at non sic Phrygius penetrat Lacedaemona pastor, leave with the first north-wind, seeking the deep, Ledaeamque Helenam Troianas uexit ad urbes? with the girl as prize? Wasn't it so when Paris, that quid tua sancta fides? quid cura antiqua tuorum 365 Phrygian shepherd, entered Sparta, and snatched et consanguineo totiens data dextera Turno? Leda's Helen off to the Trojan cities? What of your si gener externa petitur de gente Latinis, sacred pledge? What of your former care for your idque sedet, Faunique premunt te iussa parentis, own people, and your right hand given so often to omnem equidem sceptris terram quae libera nostris your kinsman Turnus? If a son-in-law from a dissidet externam reor et sic dicere diuos. 370 foreign tribe is sought for the Latins, and it's et Turno, si prima domus repetatur origo, settled, and your father Faunus's command weighs Inachus Acrisiusque patres mediaeque Mycenae.' on you, then I myself think that every land free of His ubi nequiquam dictis experta Latinum our rule that is distant, is foreign: and so the gods contra stare uidet, penitusque in uiscera lapsum declare. And if the first origins of his house are serpentis furiale malum totamque pererrat, 375 traced, Inachus and Acrisius are ancestors of tum uero infelix ingentibus excita monstris Turnus, and Mycenae his heartland.' When, though immensam sine more furit lymphata per urbem. trying in vain with words, she sees Latinus stand ceu quondam torto uolitans sub uerbere turbo, firm against her, and when the snake's maddening quem pueri magno in gyro uacua atria circum venom has seeped deep into her flesh, and intenti ludo exercent—ille actus habena 380 permeated throughout, then, truly, the unhappy curuatis fertur spatiis; stupet inscia supra queen, goaded by monstrous horrors, rages madly impubesque manus mirata uolubile buxum; unrestrainedly through the vast city. As a spinning- dant animos plagae: non cursu segnior illo top, sometimes, that boys intent on play thrash in a per medias urbes agitur populosque ferocis. circle round an empty courtyard, turns under the quin etiam in siluas simulato numine Bacchi 385 whirling lash, -driven with the whip it moves in maius adorta nefas maioremque orsa furorem curving tracks: and the childish crowd marvel over euolat et natam frondosis montibus abdit, it in innocence, gazing at the twirling boxwood: quo thalamum eripiat Teucris taedasque moretur, and the blows grant it life: so she is driven through euhoe Bacche fremens, solum te uirgine dignum the heart of cities and proud peoples, on a course uociferans: etenim mollis tibi sumere thyrsos, 390 that is no less swift. Moreover, she runs to the te lustrare choro, sacrum tibi pascere crinem. woods, pretending Bacchic possession, setting out fama uolat, furiisque accensas pectore matres on a greater sin, and creating a wider frenzy, and idem omnis simul ardor agit noua quaerere tecta. hides her daughter among the leafy mountains, to deseruere domos, uentis dant colla comasque; rob the Trojans of their wedding and delay the ast aliae tremulis ululatibus aethera complent 395 nuptials, shrieking 'Euhoe' to Bacchus, crying 'You pampineasque gerunt incinctae pellibus hastas. alone are worthy of this virgin: it's for you in truth ipsa inter medias flagrantem feruida pinum she lifts the soft thyrsus, you she circles in the sustinet ac natae Turnique canit hymenaeos dance, for you she grows her sacred hair.' Rumour sanguineam torquens aciem, toruumque repente travels: and the same frenzy drives all the women, clamat: 'io matres, audite, ubi quaeque, Latinae: inflamed, with madness in their hearts, to seek 400 strange shelter. They leave their homes, and bare si qua piis animis manet infelicis Amatae their head and neck to the winds: while others are gratia, si iuris materni cura remordet, already filling the air with vibrant howling carrying soluite crinalis uittas, capite orgia mecum.' vine-wrapped spears, and clothed in fawn-skins. talem inter siluas, inter deserta ferarum The wild Queen herself brandishes a blazing pine- reginam Allecto stimulis agit undique Bacchi. 405 branch in their midst, turning her bloodshot gaze on them, and sings the wedding-song for Turnus and her daughter, and, suddenly fierce, cries out: 'O, women of Latium, wherever you are, hear me: if you still have regard for unhappy Amata in your pious hearts, if you're stung with concern for a mother's rights, loose the ties from your hair, join the rites with me.' So Allecto drives the Queen with Bacchic goad, far and wide, through the woods, among the wild creatures' lairs. Lines 406-474 Allecto Rouses Turnus Postquam uisa satis primos acuisse furores When she saw she had stirred these first frenzies consiliumque omnemque domum uertisse Latini, enough, and had disturbed Latinus's plans, and his protinus hinc fuscis tristis dea tollitur alis whole household, the grim goddess was carried audacis Rutuli ad muros, quam dicitur urbem from there, at once, on dark wings, to the walls of Acrisioneis Danae fundasse colonis 410 Turnus, the brave Rutulian, the city they say that praecipiti delata Noto. locus Ardea quondam Danae, blown there by a violent southerly, built dictus auis, et nunc magnum manet Ardea nomen, with her Acrisian colonists. The place was once sed fortuna fuit. tectis hic Turnus in altis called Ardea by our ancestors, and Ardea still iam mediam nigra carpebat nocte quietem. remains as a great name, its good-fortune past. Allecto toruam faciem et furialia membra 415 Here, in the dark of night, Turnus was now in a exuit, in uultus sese transformat anilis deep sleep, in his high palace. Allecto changed her et frontem obscenam rugis arat, induit albos fierce appearance and fearful shape, transformed cum uitta crinis, tum ramum innectit oliuae; her looks into those of an old woman, furrowed her fit Calybe Iunonis anus templique sacerdos, ominous brow with wrinkles, assumed white hair et iuueni ante oculos his se cum uocibus offert: 420 and sacred ribbon, then twined an olive spray there: 'Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores, she became Calybe, Juno's old servant, and et tua Dardaniis transcribi sceptra colonis? priestess of her temple, and offered herself to the rex tibi coniugium et quaesitas sanguine dotes young man's eyes with these words: 'Turnus, will abnegat, externusque in regnum quaeritur heres. you see all your efforts wasted in vain, and your i nunc, ingratis offer te, inrise, periclis; 425 sceptre handed over to Trojan settlers? The king Tyrrhenas, i, sterne acies, tege pace Latinos. denies you your bride and the dowry looked for by haec adeo tibi me, placida cum nocte iaceres, your race, and a stranger is sought as heir to the ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia iussit. throne. Go then, be despised, offer yourself, un- quare age et armari pubem portisque moueri thanked, to danger: go, cut down the Tuscan ranks, laetus in arua para, et Phrygios qui flumine pulchro protect the Latins with peace! This that I now say 430 to you, as you lie there in the calm of night, consedere duces pictasque exure carinas. Saturn's all-powerful daughter herself ordered me caelestum uis magna iubet. rex ipse Latinus, to speak openly. So rise, and ready your men, ni dare coniugium et dicto parere fatetur, gladly, to arm and march from the gates to the sentiat et tandem Turnum experiatur in armis.' fields, and set fire to the painted ships anchored in Hic iuuenis uatem inridens sic orsa uicissim 435 our noble river, and the Trojan leaders with them. ore refert: 'classis inuectas Thybridis undam The vast power of the gods demands it. Let King non, ut rere, meas effugit nuntius auris; Latinus himself feel it, unless he agrees to keep his ne tantos mihi finge metus. nec regia Iuno word and give you your bride, and let him at last immemor est nostri. 440 experience Turnus armed.' At this the warrior, sed te uicta situ uerique effeta senectus, mocking the priestess, opened his mouth in turn: o mater, curis nequiquam exercet, et arma 'The news that a fleet has entered Tiber's waters has regum inter falsa uatem formidine ludit. not escaped my notice, as you think: don't imagine cura tibi diuum effigies et templa tueri; it's so great a fear to me. Nor is Queen Juno bella uiri pacemque gerent quis bella gerenda.' unmindful of me. But you, O mother, old age, Talibus Allecto dictis exarsit in iras. 445 conquered by weakness and devoid of truth, at iuueni oranti subitus tremor occupat artus, troubles with idle cares, and mocks a prophetess, deriguere oculi: tot Erinys sibilat hydris amidst the wars of kings, with imaginary terrors. tantaque se facies aperit; tum flammea torquens Your duty's to guard the gods' statues and their lumina cunctantem et quaerentem dicere plura temples: men will make war and peace, by whom reppulit, et geminos erexit crinibus anguis, 450 war's to be made.' Allecto blazed with anger at uerberaque insonuit rabidoque haec addidit ore: these words. And, as the young man spoke, a 'en ego uicta situ, quam ueri effeta senectus sudden tremor seized his body, and his eyes arma inter regum falsa formidine ludit. became fixed, the Fury hissed with so many snakes, respice ad haec: adsum dirarum ab sede sororum, such a form revealed itself: then turning her fiery bella manu letumque gero.' 455 gaze on him, she pushed him away as he hesitated, sic effata facem iuueni coniecit et atro trying to say more, and raised up a pair of serpents lumine fumantis fixit sub pectore taedas. amidst her hair, and cracked her whip, and added olli somnum ingens rumpit pauor, ossaque et artus this through rabid lips: 'See me, conquered by perfundit toto proruptus corpore sudor. weakness, whom old age, devoid of truth, mocks arma amens fremit, arma toro tectisque requirit; with imaginary terrors amongst the wars of kings. 460 Look on this: I am here from the house of the Fatal saeuit amor ferri et scelerata insania belli, Sisters, and I bring war and death in my hand.' So ira super: magno ueluti cum flamma sonore saying, she flung a burning branch at the youth, and uirgea suggeritur costis undantis aeni planted the brand, smoking with murky light, in his exsultantque aestu latices, furit intus aquai chest. An immense terror shattered his sleep, and fumidus atque alte spumis exuberat amnis, 465 sweat, pouring from his whole body drenched flesh nec iam se capit unda, uolat uapor ater ad auras. and bone. Frantic, he shouted for weapons, looked ergo iter ad regem polluta pace Latinum for weapons by the bedside, and through the palace: indicit primis iuuenum et iubet arma parari, desire for the sword raged in him, and the accursed tutari Italiam, detrudere finibus hostem; madness of war, anger above all: as when burning se satis ambobus Teucrisque uenire Latinisque. 470 sticks are heaped, with a fierce crackling, under the haec ubi dicta dedit diuosque in uota uocauit, belly of a raging cauldron, and the depths dance certatim sese Rutuli exhortantur in arma. with the heat, the smoking mixture seethes inside, hunc decus egregium formae mouet atque iuuentae, the water bubbles high with foam, the liquid can no hunc ataui reges, hunc claris dextera factis. longer contain itself, and dark vapour rises into the air. So, violating the peace, he commanded his young leaders to march against King Latinus, and ordered the troops to be readied, to defend Italy, to drive the enemy from her borders: his approach itself would be enough for both Trojans and Latins. When he gave the word, and called the gods to witness his vows, the Rutuli vied in urging each other to arm. This man is moved by Turnus's youth and outstanding nobility of form, that by his royal line, this one again by his glorious deeds. Lines 475-539 Allecto Among the Trojans Dum Turnus Rutulos animis audacibus implet, 475 While Turnus was rousing the Rutulians with fiery Allecto in Teucros Stygiis se concitat alis, courage, Allecto hurled herself towards the arte noua, speculata locum, quo litore pulcher Trojans, on Stygian wings, spying out, with fresh insidiis cursuque feras agitabat Iulus. cunning, the place on the shore where handsome hic subitam canibus rabiem Cocytia uirgo Iulus was hunting wild beasts on foot with nets. obicit et noto naris contingit odore, 480 Hades's Virgin drove his hounds to sudden frenzy, ut ceruum ardentes agerent; quae prima laborum touching their muzzles with a familiar scent, so that causa fuit belloque animos accendit agrestis. they eagerly chased down a stag: this was a prime ceruus erat forma praestanti et cornibus ingens, cause of trouble, rousing the spirits of the Tyrrhidae pueri quem matris ab ubere raptum countrymen to war. There was a stag of outstanding nutribant Tyrrhusque pater, cui regia parent 485 beauty, with huge antlers, that, torn from its armenta et late custodia credita campi. mother's teats, Tyrrhus and his sons had raised, the adsuetum imperiis soror omni Siluia cura father being the man to whom the king's herds mollibus intexens ornabat cornua sertis, submitted, and who was trusted with managing his pectebatque ferum puroque in fonte lauabat. lands far and wide. Silvia, their sister, training it to ille manum patiens mensaeque adsuetus erili 490 her commands with great care, adorned its antlers, errabat siluis rursusque ad limina nota twining them with soft garlands, grooming the wild ipse domum sera quamuis se nocte ferebat. creature, and bathing it in a clear spring. Tame to hunc procul errantem rabidae uenantis Iuli the hand, and used to food from the master's table, commouere canes, fluuio cum forte secundo it wandered the woods, and returned to the familiar deflueret ripaque aestus uiridante leuaret. 495 threshold, by itself, however late at night. Now ipse etiam eximiae laudis succensus amore while it strayed far a-field, Iulus the huntsman's Ascanius curuo derexit spicula cornu; frenzied hounds started it, by chance, as it moved nec dextrae erranti deus afuit, actaque multo downstream, escaping the heat by the grassy banks. perque uterum sonitu perque ilia uenit harundo. Iulus himself inflamed also with desire for high saucius at quadripes nota intra tecta refugit 500 honours, aimed an arrow from his curved bow, the successitque gemens stabulis, questuque cruentus goddess unfailingly guiding his errant hand, and the atque imploranti similis tectum omne replebat. shaft, flying with a loud hiss, pierced flank and Siluia prima soror palmis percussa lacertos belly. But the wounded creature fleeing to its auxilium uocat et duros conclamat agrestis. familiar home, dragged itself groaning to its stall, olli (pestis enim tacitis latet aspera siluis) 505 and, bleeding, filled the house with its cries, like a improuisi adsunt, hic torre armatus obusto, person begging for help. Silvia, the sister, beating stipitis hic grauidi nodis; quod cuique repertum her arms with her hands in distress, was the first to rimanti telum ira facit. uocat agmina Tyrrhus, call for help, summoning the tough countrymen. quadrifidam quercum cuneis ut forte coactis They arrived quickly (since a savage beast haunted scindebat rapta spirans immane securi. 510 the silent woods) one with a fire-hardened stake, At saeua e speculis tempus dea nacta nocendi one with a heavy knotted staff: anger made a ardua tecta petit stabuli et de culmine summo weapon of whatever each man found as he searched pastorale canit signum cornuque recuruo around. Tyrrhus called out his men: since by Tartaream intendit uocem, qua protinus omne chance he was quartering an oak by driving contremuit nemus et siluae insonuere profundae; wedges, he seized his axe, breathing savagely. 515 Then the cruel goddess, seeing the moment to do audiit et Triuiae longe lacus, audiit amnis harm, found the stable's steep roof, and sounded the sulpurea Nar albus aqua fontesque Velini, herdsmen's call, sending a voice from Tartarus et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos. through the twisted horn, so that each grove tum uero ad uocem celeres, qua bucina signum shivered, and the deep woods echoed: Diana's dira dedit, raptis concurrunt undique telis 520 distant lake at Nemi heard it: white Nar's river, with indomiti agricolae, nec non et Troia pubes its sulphurous waters, heard: and the fountains of Ascanio auxilium castris effundit apertis. Velinus: while anxious mothers clasped their derexere acies. non iam certamine agresti children to their breasts. Then the rough stipitibus duris agitur sudibusue praeustis, countrymen snatching up their weapons, gathered sed ferro ancipiti decernunt atraque late 525 more quickly, and from every side, to the noise horrescit strictis seges ensibus, aeraque fulgent with which that dread trumpet sounded the call, nor sole lacessita et lucem sub nubila iactant: were the Trojan youth slow to open their camp, and fluctus uti primo coepit cum albescere uento, send out help to Ascanius. The lines were paulatim sese tollit mare et altius undas deployed. They no longer competed with solid erigit, inde imo consurgit ad aethera fundo. 530 staffs, and fire-hardened stakes, in a rustic quarrel, hic iuuenis primam ante aciem stridente sagitta, but fought it out with double-edged blades, and a natorum Tyrrhi fuerat qui maximus, Almo, dark crop of naked swords bristled far and wide: sternitur; haesit enim sub gutture uulnus et udae bronze shone struck by the sun, and hurled its light uocis iter tenuemque inclusit sanguine uitam. up to the clouds: as when a wave begins to whiten corpora multa uirum circa seniorque Galaesus, 535 at the wind's first breath, and the sea swells little by dum paci medium se offert, iustissimus unus little, and raises higher waves, then surges to qui fuit Ausoniisque olim ditissimus aruis: heaven out of its profoundest depths. Here young quinque greges illi balantum, quina redibant Almo, in the front ranks, the eldest of Tyrrhus's armenta, et terram centum uertebat aratris. sons, was downed by a hissing arrow: the wound opened beneath his throat, choking the passage of liquid speech, and failing breath, with blood. The bodies of many men were round him, old Galaesus among them, killed in the midst of offering peace, who was one of the most just of men, and the wealthiest in Ausonian land: five flocks bleated for him, five herds returned from his fields, and a hundred ploughs furrowed the soil. Lines 540-571 Allecto Returns to Hades Atque ea per campos aequo dum Marte geruntur, While they fought over the plain, in an equally- 540 matched contest, the goddess, having, by her promissi dea facta potens, ubi sanguine bellum actions, succeeded in what she'd promised, having imbuit et primae commisit funera pugnae, steeped the battle in blood, and brought death in the deserit Hesperiam et caeli conuersa per auras first skirmish, left Hesperia, and wheeling through Iunonem uictrix adfatur uoce superba: the air of heaven spoke to Juno, in victory, in a 'en, perfecta tibi bello discordia tristi; 545 proud voice: 'Behold, for you, discord is completed dic in amicitiam coeant et foedera iungant. with sad war: tell them now to unite as friends, or quandoquidem Ausonio respersi sanguine Teucros, join in alliance. Since I've sprinkled the Trojans hoc etiam his addam, tua si mihi certa uoluntas: with Ausonian blood, I'll even add this to it, if I'm finitimas in bella feram rumoribus urbes, assured that it's your wish I'll bring neighbouring accendamque animos insani Martis amore 550 cities into the war, with rumour, inflaming their undique ut auxilio ueniant; spargam arma per minds with love of war's madness, so that they agros.' come with aid from every side: I'll sow the fields tum contra Iuno: 'terrorum et fraudis abunde est: with weapons.' Then Juno answered: 'That's more stant belli causae, pugnatur comminus armis, than enough terror and treachery: the reasons for quae fors prima dedit sanguis nouus imbuit arma. war are there: armed, they fight hand to hand, and talia coniugia et talis celebrent hymenaeos 555 the weapons that chance first offered are stained egregium Veneris genus et rex ipse Latinus. with fresh blood. Such be the marriage, such be the te super aetherias errare licentius auras wedding-rites that this illustrious son of Venus, and haud pater ille uelit, summi regnator Olympi. King Latinus himself, celebrate. The Father, the cede locis. ego, si qua super fortuna laborum est, ruler of high Olympus, does not wish you to ipsa regam.' talis dederat Saturnia uoces; 560 wander too freely in the ethereal heavens. Leave illa autem attollit stridentis anguibus alas this place. Whatever chance for trouble remains I Cocytique petit sedem supera ardua linquens. will handle.' So spoke Saturn's daughter: Now, the est locus Italiae medio sub montibus altis, Fury raised her wings, hissing with serpents, and nobilis et fama multis memoratus in oris, sought her home in Cocytus, leaving the heights Amsancti ualles; densis hunc frondibus atrum 565 above. There's a place in Italy, at the foot of high urget utrimque latus nemoris, medioque fragosus mountains, famous, and mentioned by tradition, in dat sonitum saxis et torto uertice torrens. many lands, the valley of Amsanctus: woods thick hic specus horrendum et saeui spiracula Ditis with leaves hem it in, darkly, on both sides, and in monstrantur, ruptoque ingens Acheronte uorago the centre a roaring torrent makes the rocks echo, pestiferas aperit fauces, quis condita Erinys, 570 and coils in whirlpools. There a fearful cavern, a inuisum numen, terras caelumque leuabat. breathing-hole for cruel Dis, is shown, and a vast abyss, out of which Acheron bursts, holds open its baleful jaws, into which the Fury, that hated goddess, plunged, freeing earth and sky. Lines 572-600 Latinus Abdicates Nec minus interea extremam Saturnia bello Meanwhile Saturn's royal daughter was no less imponit regina manum. ruit omnis in urbem active, setting a final touch to the war. The whole pastorum ex acie numerus, caesosque reportant band of herdsmen rushed into the city from the Almonem puerum foedatique ora Galaesi, 575 battle, bringing back the dead, the boy Almo, and implorantque deos obtestanturque Latinum. Galaesus, with a mangled face, and invoking the Turnus adest medioque in crimine caedis et igni gods, and entreating Latinus. Turnus was there, and terrorem ingeminat: Teucros in regna uocari, ,at the heart of the outcry, he redoubled their terror stirpem admisceri Phrygiam, se limine pelli. of fire and slaughter: 'Trojans are called upon to tum quorum attonitae Baccho nemora auia matres reign: Phrygian stock mixes with ours: I am thrust 580 from the door.' Then those whose women, inspired insultant thiasis (neque enim leue nomen Amatae) by Bacchus, pranced about in the pathless woods, undique collecti coeunt Martemque fatigant. in the god's dance (for Amata's name is not trivial), ilicet infandum cuncti contra omina bellum, drawing together from every side, gathered to make contra fata deum peruerso numine poscunt. their appeal to Mars. Immediately, with perverse certatim regis circumstant tecta Latini; 585 wills, all clamoured for war's atrocities, despite the ille uelut pelago rupes immota resistit, omens, despite the god's decrees,. They vied ut pelagi rupes magno ueniente fragore, together in surrounding King Latinus's palace: like quae sese multis circum latrantibus undis an immoveable rock in the ocean, he stood firm, mole tenet; scopuli nequiquam et spumea circum like a rock in the ocean, when a huge breaker falls, saxa fremunt laterique inlisa refunditur alga. 590 holding solid amongst a multitude of howling uerum ubi nulla datur caecum exsuperare potestas waves, while round about the cliffs and foaming consilium, et saeuae nutu Iunonis eunt res, reefs roar, in vain, and seaweed, hurled against its multa deos aurasque pater testatus inanis sides, is washed back again. As no power was 'frangimur heu fatis' inquit 'ferimurque procella! really granted him to conquer their blind will, and ipsi has sacrilego pendetis sanguine poenas, 595 events moved to cruel Juno's orders, with many o miseri. te, Turne, nefas, te triste manebit appeals to the gods and the helpless winds, the old supplicium, uotisque deos uenerabere seris. man cried: 'Alas, we are broken by fate, and swept nam mihi parta quies, omnisque in limine portus away by the storm! Oh, wretched people, you'll pay funere felici spolior.' nec plura locutus the price yourselves for this, with sacrilegious saepsit se tectis rerumque reliquit habenas. 600 blood. You, Turnus, your crime and its punishment await you, and too late you'll entreat the gods with prayers. My share is rest, yet at the entrance to the harbour I'm robbed of all contentment in dying.' Speaking no more he shut himself in the palace, and let fall the reins of power. Lines 601-640 Latium Prepares for War Mos erat Hesperio in Latio, quem protinus urbes There was a custom in Hesperian Latium, which Albanae coluere sacrum, nunc maxima rerum the Alban cities always held sacred, as great Rome Roma colit, cum prima mouent in proelia Martem, does now, when they first rouse Mars to battle, siue Getis inferre manu lacrimabile bellum whether they prepare to take sad war in their hands Hyrcanisue Arabisue parant, seu tendere ad Indos to the Getae, the Hyrcanians, or the Arabs, or to 605 head East pursuing the Dawn, to reclaim their Auroramque sequi Parthosque reposcere signa: standards from Parthia: there are twin gates of War sunt geminae Belli portae (sic nomine dicunt) (so they are named), sanctified by religion, and by religione sacrae et saeui formidine Martis; dread of fierce Mars: a hundred bars of bronze, and centum aerei claudunt uectes aeternaque ferri iron's eternal strength, lock them, and Janus the robora, nec custos absistit limine Ianus. 610 guardian never leaves the threshold. When the final has, ubi certa sedet patribus sententia pugnae, decision of the city fathers is for battle, the Consul ipse Quirinali trabea cinctuque Gabino himself, dressed in the Quirine toga, folded in the insignis reserat stridentia limina consul, Gabine manner, unbars these groaning doors, ipse uocat pugnas; sequitur tum cetera pubes, himself, and himself invokes the battle: then the aereaque adsensu conspirant cornua rauco. 615 rest of the men do so too, and bronze horns breathe hoc et tum Aeneadis indicere bella Latinus their hoarse assent. Latinus was also commanded to more iubebatur tristisque recludere portas. declare war in this way on Aeneas's people, and abstinuit tactu pater auersusque refugit unbolt the sad gates, but the old man held back his foeda ministeria, et caecis se condidit umbris. hand, and shrank from the vile duty, hiding himself tum regina deum caelo delapsa morantis 620 in dark shadows. Then the Queen of the gods, impulit ipsa manu portas, et cardine uerso gliding from the sky, set the reluctant doors in Belli ferratos rumpit Saturnia postis. motion, with her own hand: Saturn's daughter ardet inexcita Ausonia atque immobilis ante; forced open the iron gates of War on their hinges. pars pedes ire parat campis, pars arduus altis Italy, once peaceful and immoveable, was alight. puluerulentus equis furit; omnes arma requirunt. Some prepared to cross the plains on foot, others 625 stirred the deep dust on noble horses: all demanded pars leuis clipeos et spicula lucida tergent weapons. Others polished smooth shields, and aruina pingui subiguntque in cote securis; bright javelins, with thick grease, and sharpened signaque ferre iuuat sonitusque audire tubarum. axes on grindstones: they delighted in carrying quinque adeo magnae positis incudibus urbes standards and hearing the trumpet call. So five tela nouant, Atina potens Tiburque superbum, 630 great cities set up anvils and forged new weapons: Ardea Crustumerique et turrigerae Antemnae. powerful Atina, proud Tibur, Ardea, Crustumeri, tegmina tuta cauant capitum flectuntque salignas and towered Antemnae. They beat out helmets to umbonum cratis; alii thoracas aenos protect their heads, and wove wickerwork frames aut leuis ocreas lento ducunt argento; for shields: others hammered breastplates of uomeris huc et falcis honos, huc omnis aratri 635 bronze, and shiny greaves of malleable silver: to cessit amor; recoquunt patrios fornacibus ensis. this they yielded pride in the share's blade and the classica iamque sonant, it bello tessera signum; sickle, all their passion for the plough: they recast hic galeam tectis trepidus rapit, ille trementis their father's swords in the furnace. And now the ad iuga cogit equos, clipeumque auroque trilicem trumpets began to sound, the word that signalled loricam induitur fidoque accingitur ense. 640 war went round: this man, in alarm, snatched his helmet from his home, another harnessed quivering horses to the yoke, took up his shield, and triple- linked coat of mail, and fastened on his faithful sword. Lines 641-782 The Battle-List Pandite nunc Helicona, deae, cantusque mouete, Now Muses, open wide Helicon, and begin a song qui bello exciti reges, quae quemque secutae of kings who were roused to war: what ranks of complerint campos acies, quibus Itala iam tum followers each one had, filling the plain: with what floruerit terra alma uiris, quibus arserit armis; men even then Italy's rich earth flowered: with et meministis enim, diuae, et memorare potestis; what armies she shone: since, goddesses, you 645 remember, and have the power to tell: while a faint ad nos uix tenuis famae perlabitur aura. breath of their fame has barely reached us. First Primus init bellum Tyrrhenis asper ab oris fierce Mezentius enters the war, that scorner of contemptor diuum Mezentius agminaque armat. gods, from the Tuscan shore, and rouses his troops filius huic iuxta Lausus, quo pulchrior alter to arms. His son, Lausus, is beside him, than whom non fuit excepto Laurentis corpore Turni; 650 no other is more handsome in form, except Lausus, equum domitor debellatorque ferarum, Laurentine Turnus. Lausus, the tamer of horses, ducit Agyllina nequiquam ex urbe secutos who subdues wild beasts, leads a thousand men mille uiros, dignus patriis qui laetior esset from Agylla's town, who follow him in vain, imperiis et cui pater haud Mezentius esset. deserving to be happier than under his father's rule, Post hos insignem palma per gramina currum 655 a father who might perhaps not be a Mezentius. uictoresque ostentat equos satus Hercule pulchro Aventinus follows them, the handsome son of pulcher Auentinus, clipeoque insigne paternum handsome Hercules, displaying his palm-crowned centum anguis cinctamque gerit serpentibus chariot and victorious horses, over the turf, and Hydram; carries his father's emblem on his shield: a hundred collis Auentini silua quem Rhea sacerdos snakes, and the Hydra wreathed with serpents: the furtiuum partu sub luminis edidit oras, 660 priestess Rhea brought him to the shores of light, in mixta deo mulier, postquam Laurentia uictor a secret birth, in the woods, on the Aventine Hill, a Geryone exstincto Tirynthius attigit arua, woman mated to a god when Tyrinthian Hercules, Tyrrhenoque boues in flumine lauit Hiberas. the conqueror who slew Geryon, came to the pila manu saeuosque gerunt in bella dolones, Laurentine fields, and bathed his Spanish cattle in et tereti pugnant mucrone ueruque Sabello. 665 the Tuscan stream. His men carry javelins and grim ipse pedes, tegimen torquens immane leonis, pikes, in their hands, to war, and fight with terribili impexum saeta cum dentibus albis polished swords and Sabellian spears. He himself, indutus capiti, sic regia tecta subibat, on foot, a huge lion skin swinging, with terrifying horridus Herculeoque umeros innexus amictu. unkempt mane, and with its white teeth crowning Tum gemini fratres Tiburtia moenia linquunt, 670 his head, enters the royal palace, just like that, a fratris Tiburti dictam cognomine gentem, savage, with Hercules's clothing fastened round his Catillusque acerque Coras, Argiua iuuentus, shoulders. Then twin-brothers, Catillus, and brave et primam ante aciem densa inter tela feruntur: Coras, Argive youths, leaving the walls of Tibur, ceu duo nubigenae cum uertice montis ab alto and a people named after their brother Tiburtus, descendunt Centauri Homolen Othrymque niualem borne into the forefront of the army, among the 675 dense spears, like cloud-born Centaurs descending linquentes cursu rapido; dat euntibus ingens from a high peak in the mountains, leaving Homole silua locum et magno cedunt uirgulta fragore. and snow-covered Othrys in their swift course: the Nec Praenestinae fundator defuit urbis, vast woods give way as they go, and, with a loud Volcano genitum pecora inter agrestia regem crash, the thickets yield to them. Nor is Caeculus inuentumque focis omnis quem credidit aetas, 680 the founder of Praeneste's city missing, who as Caeculus. hunc legio late comitatur agrestis: every age has believed was born a king, to Vulcan, quique altum Praeneste uiri quique arua Gabinae among the wild cattle, and discovered on the Iunonis gelidumque Anienem et roscida riuis hearth, he's followed by a rustic army drawn from Hernica saxa colunt, quos diues Anagnia pascis, far and wide, men who live in steep Praeneste, and quos Amasene pater. non illis omnibus arma 685 the fields of Juno of Gabii, and beside cool Anio, nec clipei currusue sonant; pars maxima glandes and among the Hernican rocks dew-wet from the liuentis plumbi spargit, pars spicula gestat streams: those you nurture, rich Anagnia, and you bina manu, fuluosque lupi de pelle galeros father Amasenus. They don't all have weapons or tegmen habent capiti; uestigia nuda sinistri shields, or rumbling chariots: most fling pellets of instituere pedis, crudus tegit altera pero. 690 blue lead, some carry twin darts in their hand, and At Messapus, equum domitor, Neptunia proles, have reddish caps of wolf-skin for headgear: the quem neque fas igni cuiquam nec sternere ferro, left foot is bare as they walk, a boot of raw hide iam pridem resides populos desuetaque bello protects the other. And Messapus, Neptune's son, agmina in arma uocat subito ferrumque retractat. tamer of horses, whom no one's permitted to fell hi Fescenninas acies Aequosque Faliscos, 695 with fire or steel, now suddenly calls to arms his hi Soractis habent arces Flauiniaque arua settled tribes, and troops unused to war, and grasps et Cimini cum monte lacum lucosque Capenos. the sword again. These hold Fescennium's lines and ibant aequati numero regemque canebant: Aequi Falisci's, those Soracte's heights and ceu quondam niuei liquida inter nubila cycni Flavinium's fields, and Ciminus's lake and hill, and cum sese e pastu referunt et longa canoros 700 Capena's groves. They march to a steady beat, and dant per colla modos, sonat amnis et Asia longe sing of their king: as the river Cayster and the pulsa palus. Asian meadows, struck from afar, echo sometimes, nec quisquam aeratas acies examine tanto when the snowy swans, among the flowing clouds, misceri putet, aeriam sed gurgite ab alto return from pasture, and make melodious music urgeri uolucrum raucarum ad litora nubem. 705 from their long throats. No one would think that Ecce Sabinorum prisco de sanguine magnum bronze-clad ranks were joined in such a crowd, but agmen agens Clausus magnique ipse agminis instar, an airy cloud of strident birds driving shore-wards Claudia nunc a quo diffunditur et tribus et gens from the deep gulf. Behold, Clausus, of ancient per Latium, postquam in partem data Roma Sabine blood, leading a great army, and worth a Sabinis. great army in his own right. Now the Claudian tribe una ingens Amiterna cohors priscique Quirites, 710 and race has spread, from him, through Latium, Ereti manus omnis oliuiferaeque Mutuscae; since Rome was shared with the Sabines. With him, qui Nomentum urbem, qui Rosea rura Velini, a vast company from Amiternum, and ancient qui Tetricae horrentis rupes montemque Seuerum Quirites from Cures, all the forces of Eretum, and Casperiamque colunt Forulosque et flumen olive-clad Mutusca: those who live in Nomentum Himellae, town, and the Rosean fields, by Lake Velinus, those qui Tiberim Fabarimque bibunt, quos frigida misit from Tetrica's bristling cliffs, and from Mount 715 Severus, and Casperia and Foruli, and from beside Nursia, et Ortinae classes populique Latini, Himella's stream, those who drink the Tiber and quosque secans infaustum interluit Allia nomen: Fabaris, those cold Nursia sent, and the armies of quam multi Libyco uoluuntur marmore fluctus Horta and the Latin peoples, and those whom Allia, saeuus ubi Orion hibernis conditur undis, unlucky name, flows between and divides: as many uel cum sole nouo densae torrentur aristae 720 as the waves that swell in Libya's seas, when fierce aut Hermi campo aut Lyciae flauentibus aruis. Orion's buried by the wintry waters, or thick as the scuta sonant pulsuque pedum conterrita tellus. ears of corn scorched by the early sun, in the plain Hinc Agamemnonius, Troiani nominis hostis, of Hermus, or Lycia's yellow fields. The shields curru iungit Halaesus equos Turnoque ferocis clang, and the earth is terrified by the tramp of feet. mille rapit populos, uertunt felicia Baccho 725 Next Halaesus, Agamemnon's son, hostile to the Massica qui rastris, et quos de collibus altis Trojan name, harnesses his horses to his chariot, Aurunci misere patres Sidicinaque iuxta and hastens a thousand warlike tribes to Turnus, aequora, quique Cales linquunt amnisque uadosi men who turn the fertile Massic soil for Bacchus, accola Volturni, pariterque Saticulus asper and those the Auruncan elders have sent from the Oscorumque manus. teretes sunt aclydes illis 730 high hills, and the Sidicine levels nearby, those tela, sed haec lento mos est aptare flagello. who have left Cales behind, and those who live by laeuas caetra tegit, falcati comminus enses. Volturnus's shallow river, and by their side the Nec tu carminibus nostris indictus abibis, rough Saticulan and the Oscan men. Polished Oebale, quem generasse Telon Sebethide nympha javelins are their weapons, but their custom is to fertur, Teleboum Capreas cum regna teneret, 735 attach a flexible leash. A shield protects their left, iam senior; patriis sed non et filius aruis with curved swords for close fighting. Nor shall contentus late iam tum dicione premebat you, Oebalus, go un-sung in our verses, you whom Sarrastis populos et quae rigat aequora Sarnus, they say the nymph Sebethis bore to Telon, who is quique Rufras Batulumque tenent atque arua old now, when he held the throne of Teleboan Celemnae, Capreae: but not content with his father's fields, et quos maliferae despectant moenia Abellae, 740 even then the son exercised his power over the Teutonico ritu soliti torquere cateias; Sarrastrian peoples, and the plains that Sarnus tegmina quis capitum raptus de subere cortex waters, and those who hold Rufrae and Batulum aerataeque micant peltae, micat aereus ensis. and Celemna's fields, who are used to throwing Et te montosae misere in proelia Nersae, their spears in the Teuton fashion: and those apple- Ufens, insignem fama et felicibus armis, 745 growers that the ramparts of Abella look down on, horrida praecipue cui gens adsuetaque multo whose head-cover is bark stripped from a cork-tree: uenatu nemorum, duris Aequicula glaebis. and their bronze shields gleam, their swords gleam armati terram exercent semperque recentis with bronze. And you too Ufens, sent to battle from conuectare iuuat praedas et uiuere rapto. mountainous Nersae, well known to fame, and Quin et Marruuia uenit de gente sacerdos 750 fortunate in arms, whose people of the hard fronde super galeam et felici comptus oliua Aequian earth, are especially tough, and hunt Archippi regis missu, fortissimus Umbro, extensively in the forests. They plough the earth uipereo generi et grauiter spirantibus hydris while armed, and always delight in carrying off spargere qui somnos cantuque manuque solebat, fresh spoils, and living on plunder. There came a mulcebatque iras et morsus arte leuabat. 755 priest as well, of the Marruvian race, sent by King sed non Dardaniae medicari cuspidis ictum Archippus, sporting a frond of fruitful olive above eualuit neque eum iuuere in uulnera cantus his helmet, Umbro the most-valiant, who, by somniferi et Marsis quaesitae montibus herbae. incantation and touch, was able to shed sleep on the te nemus Angitiae, uitrea te Fucinus unda, race of vipers and water-snakes with poisonous te liquidi fleuere lacus. 760 breath, soothing their anger, and curing their bites, Ibat et Hippolyti proles pulcherrima bello, by his arts. But he had no power to heal a blow Virbius, insignem quem mater Aricia misit, from a Trojan spear-point, nor did sleep-inducing eductum Egeriae lucis umentia circum charms, or herbs found on Marsian hills, help him litora, pinguis ubi et placabilis ara Dianae. against wounds. For you, Angitia's grove wept: namque ferunt fama Hippolytum, postquam arte Fucinus's glassy wave, for you: for you, the crystal nouercae 765 lakes. And Virbius, Hippolytus's son, most occiderit patriasque explerit sanguine poenas handsome, went to the war, whom his mother turbatis distractus equis, ad sidera rursus Aricia sent in all his glory, He was reared in aetheria et superas caeli uenisse sub auras, Egeria's groves, round the marshy shores, where Paeoniis reuocatum herbis et amore Dianae. tum Diana's altar stands, rich and forgiving. For they pater omnipotens aliquem indignatus ab umbris 770 tell in story that Hippolytus, after he had fallen prey mortalem infernis ad lumina surgere uitae, to his stepmother Phaedra's cunning, and, torn apart ipse repertorem medicinae talis et artis by stampeding horses, had paid the debt due to his fulmine Phoebigenam Stygias detrusit ad undas. father with his blood, came again to the heavenly at Triuia Hippolytum secretis alma recondit stars, and the upper air beneath the sky, recalled by sedibus et nymphae Egeriae nemorique relegat, 775 Apollo's herbs and Diana's love. Then the all- solus ubi in siluis Italis ignobilis aeuum powerful father, indignant that any mortal should exigeret uersoque ubi nomine Virbius esset. rise from the shadows to the light of life, hurled unde etiam templo Triuiae lucisque sacratis Aesculapius, Apollo's son, the discoverer of such cornipedes arcentur equi, quod litore currum skill and healing, down to the Stygian waves. But et iuuenem monstris pauidi effudere marinis. 780 kindly Diana hid Hippolytus in a secret place, and filius ardentis haud setius aequore campi sent him to the nymph Egeria, to her grove, where exercebat equos curruque in bella ruebat. he might spend his life alone, unknown, in the Italian woods, his name altered to Virbius. So too horses are kept away from the temple of Diana Trivia, and the sacred groves, they who, frightened by sea-monsters, spilt chariot and youth across the shore. Lines 783-817 Turnus and Camilla Complete the Array Ipse inter primos praestanti corpore Turnus Turnus himself went to and from, among the front uertitur arma tenens et toto uertice supra est. ranks, grasping his weapons, pre-eminent in form, cui triplici crinita iuba galea alta Chimaeram 785 overtopping the rest by a head. His tall helmet was sustinet Aetnaeos efflantem faucibus ignis; crowned with a triple plume, holding up a tam magis illa fremens et tristibus effera flammis Chimaera, breathing the fires of Etna from its jaws, quam magis effuso crudescunt sanguine pugnae. snarling the more, and the more savage with at leuem clipeum sublatis cornibus Io sombre flames the more violent the battle becomes, auro insignibat, iam saetis obsita, iam bos, 790 the more blood is shed. But on his polished shield argumentum ingens, et custos uirginis Argus, was Io, with uplifted horns, fashioned in gold, caelataque amnem fundens pater Inachus urna. already covered with hair, already a heifer, a insequitur nimbus peditum clipeataque totis powerful emblem, and Argus, that virgin's watcher, agmina densentur campis, Argiuaque pubes and old Inachus pouring his river out of an Auruncaeque manus, Rutuli ueteresque Sicani, 795 engraved urn. A cloud of infantry followed, and the et Sacranae acies et picti scuta Labici; ranks with shields were thick along the plain, qui saltus, Tiberine, tuos sacrumque Numici Argive men and Auruncan troops, Rutulians and litus arant Rutulosque exercent uomere collis old Sicanians, and the Sacranian lines, and Circaeumque iugum, quis Iuppiter Anxurus aruis Labicians, their shields painted: and those who praesidet et uiridi gaudens Feronia luco; 800 farmed your woodland pastures, Tiber, and qua Saturae iacet atra palus gelidusque per imas Numicius's holy shore, and those whose quaerit iter uallis atque in mare conditur Vfens. ploughshare turns Rutulian hills or Circe's Hos super aduenit Volsca de gente Camilla headland, those whose fields Jupiter of Anxur agmen agens equitum et florentis aere cateruas, guards, or Feronia, pleased with her green groves: bellatrix, non illa colo calathisue Mineruae 805 those from where Satura's black marsh lies, and femineas adsueta manus, sed proelia uirgo from where chill Ufens finds his valley's course, dura pati cursuque pedum praeuertere uentos. and is buried in the sea. Besides all these came illa uel intactae segetis per summa uolaret Camilla, of the Volscian race, leading her line of gramina nec teneras cursu laesisset aristas, horse, and troops gleaming with bronze, a warrior uel mare per medium fluctu suspensa tumenti 810 girl, her hands not trained to Minerva's distaff, and ferret iter celeris nec tingeret aequore plantas. basket of wool, but toughened to endure a fight, illam omnis tectis agrisque effusa iuuentus and, with her quickness of foot, out-strip the winds. turbaque miratur matrum et prospectat euntem, She might have skimmed the tips of the stalks of attonitis inhians animis ut regius ostro uncut corn, and not bruised their delicate ears with uelet honos leuis umeros, ut fibula crinem 815 her running: or, hanging above the swelling waves, auro internectat, Lyciam ut gerat ipsa pharetram taken her path through the heart of the deep, and et pastoralem praefixa cuspide myrtum. not dipped her quick feet in the sea. All of the young men flooding from houses and fields, and the crowds of women marvelled, and gazed, at her as she went by, in open-mouthed wonder at how the splendour of royal purple draped her smooth shoulders, how her brooch clasped her hair with gold, how she herself carried her Lycian quiver, and a shepherd's myrtle staff, tipped with the point of a spear. BOOK VIII
Lines 1-25 The Situation in Latium Ut belli signum Laurenti Turnus ab arce When Turnus raised the war-banner on the extulit et rauco strepuerunt cornua cantu, Laurentine citadel, and the trumpets blared out their utque acris concussit equos utque impulit arma, harsh music, when he roused his fiery horses and extemplo turbati animi, simul omne tumultu clashed his weapons, hearts were promptly stirred, coniurat trepido Latium saeuitque iuuentus 5 all Latium together swore allegiance in restless effera. ductores primi Messapus et Ufens commotion, and young men raged wildly. The main contemptorque deum Mezentius undique cogunt leaders, Messapus, Ufens and Mezentius, scorner of auxilia et latos uastant cultoribus agros. gods, gathered their forces from every side, mittitur et magni Uenulus Diomedis ad urbem stripping the broad acres of farmers. And Venulus qui petat auxilium, et Latio consistere Teucros, 10 was sent to great Diomedes's city, Arpi, to seek aduectum Aenean classi uictosque penatis help, and explain that the Trojans were planted in inferre et fatis regem se dicere posci Latium, Aeneas had arrived with his fleet, carrying edoceat, multasque uiro se adiungere gentis his vanquished gods, and pronouncing himself a Dardanio et late Latio increbrescere nomen: king summoned by destiny, that many tribes were quid struat his coeptis, quem, si fortuna sequatur, joining the Trojan hero, and his name was 15 spreading far and wide in Latium. What Aeneas euentum pugnae cupiat, manifestius ipsi was intending given these beginnings, what quam Turno regi aut regi apparere Latino. outcome he desired from the war, if fortune Talia per Latium. quae Laomedontius heros followed him, might be seen more clearly by cuncta uidens magno curarum fluctuat aestu, Diomedes, himself, than by King Turnus or King atque animum nunc huc celerem nunc diuidit illuc Latinus. So it was in Latium. Meanwhile the Trojan 20 hero of Laomedon's line, seeing all this, tosses on a in partisque rapit uarias perque omnia uersat, vast sea of cares, and swiftly casts his mind this sicut aquae tremulum labris ubi lumen aenis way and that, seizing on various ideas, turning sole repercussum aut radiantis imagine lunae everything over: as when tremulous light from the omnia peruolitat late loca, iamque sub auras water in a bronze bowl, thrown back by sunshine, erigitur summique ferit laquearia tecti. 25 or the moon's radiant image, flickers far and wide over everything, then angles upwards, and strikes the panelled ceiling overhead. Lines 26-65 Aeneas's Dream of Tiberinus nox erat et terras animalia fessa per omnis It was night, and through all the land, deep sleep alituum pecudumque genus sopor altus habebat, gripped weary creatures, bird and beast, when cum pater in ripa gelidique sub aetheris axe Aeneas, the leader, lay down on the river-bank, Aeneas, tristi turbatus pectora bello, under the cold arch of the heavens, his heart procubuit seramque dedit per membra quietem. 30 troubled by war's sadness, and at last allowed his huic deus ipse loci fluuio Tiberinus amoeno body to rest. Old Tiberinus himself, the god of the populeas inter senior se attollere frondes place, appeared to him, rising from his lovely uisus (eum tenuis glauco uelabat amictu stream, among the poplar leaves (fine linen cloaked carbasus, et crinis umbrosa tegebat harundo), him in a blue-grey mantle, and shadowy reeds hid tum sic adfari et curas his demere dictis: 35 his hair), Then he spoke, and with his words 'O sate gente deum, Troianam ex hostibus urbem removed all cares: 'O seed of the race of gods, who qui reuehis nobis aeternaque Pergama seruas, bring our Trojan city back from the enemy, and exspectate solo Laurenti aruisque Latinis, guard the eternal fortress, long looked-for on hic tibi certa domus, certi (ne absiste) penates. Laurentine soil, and in Latin fields, here is your neu belli terrere minis; tumor omnis et irae 40 house, and your house's gods, for sure (do not concessere deum. desist), don't fear the threat of war, the gods' iamque tibi, ne uana putes haec fingere somnum, swollen anger has died away. And now, lest you litoreis ingens inuenta sub ilicibus sus think this sleep's idle fancy, you'll find a huge sow triginta capitum fetus enixa iacebit, lying on the shore, under the oak trees, that has alba solo recubans, albi circum ubera nati. 45 farrowed a litter of thirty young, a white sow, lying [hic locus urbis erit, requies ea certa laborum,] on the ground, with white piglets round her teats, ex quo ter denis urbem redeuntibus annis That place shall be your city, there's true rest from Ascanius clari condet cognominis Albam. your labours. By this in a space of thirty years haud incerta cano. nunc qua ratione quod instat Ascanius will found the city of Alba, bright name. I expedias uictor, paucis (aduerte) docebo. 50 do not prophesy unsurely. Now (attend), in a few Arcades his oris, genus a Pallante profectum, words I'll explain how you can emerge the victor qui regem Euandrum comites, qui signa secuti, from what will come. Arcadians have chosen a site delegere locum et posuere in montibus urbem on this coast, a race descended from Pallas, friends Pallantis proaui de nomine Pallanteum. of King Evander, who followed his banner, and hi bellum adsidue ducunt cum gente Latina; 55 located their city in the hills, named, from their hos castris adhibe socios et foedera iunge. ancestor Pallas, Pallantium. They wage war ipse ego te ripis et recto flumine ducam, endlessly with the Latin race: summon them as aduersum remis superes subuectus ut amnem. allies to your camp, and join in league with them. surge age, nate dea, primisque cadentibus astris I'll guide you myself along the banks by the right Iunoni fer rite preces, iramque minasque 60 channels, so you can defeat the opposing current supplicibus supera uotis. mihi uictor honorem with your oars. Rise, now, son of the goddess, and, persolues. ego sum pleno quem flumine cernis as the first stars set, offer the prayers due to Juno, stringentem ripas et pinguia culta secantem, and with humble vows overcome her anger and her caeruleus Thybris, caelo gratissimus amnis. threats. Pay me honour as victor. I am him whom hic mihi magna domus, celsis caput urbibus exit.' you see scouring the banks, with my full stream, 65 and cutting through rich farmlands, blue Tiber, the river most dear to heaven. Here is my noble house, my fount flows through noble cities.' Lines 66-101 Aeneas Sails to Pallanteum Dixit, deinde lacu fluuius se condidit alto He spoke: then the river plunged into a deep pool, ima petens; nox Aenean somnusque reliquit. seeking its floor: night and sleep left Aeneas. He surgit et aetherii spectans orientia solis rose and, looking towards the heavenly sun's lumina rite cauis undam de flumine palmis eastern light, raised water from the stream in his sustinet ac talis effundit ad aethera uoces: 70 cupped hands, and poured out this prayer to 'Nymphae, Laurentes Nymphae, genus amnibus heaven: 'Nymphs, Laurentine Nymphs, from whom unde est, come the tribe of rivers, and you, O Father Tiber, tuque, o Thybri tuo genitor cum flumine sancto, and your sacred stream, receive Aeneas, and shield accipite Aenean et tandem arcete periclis. him at last from danger. In whatever fountain the quo te cumque lacus miserantem incommoda nostra water holds you, pitying our trials, from whatever fonte tenent, quocumque solo pulcherrimus exis, 75 soil you flow in your supreme beauty, you will semper honore meo, semper celebrabere donis always be honoured by my tributes, by my gifts, corniger Hesperidum fluuius regnator aquarum. horned river, ruler of the Hesperian waters. O, only adsis o tantum et propius tua numina firmes.' be with me and prove your will by your presence.' sic memorat, geminasque legit de classe biremis So he spoke, and chose two galleys from his fleet, remigioque aptat, socios simul instruit armis. 80 manned them with oarsmen, and also equipped his Ecce autem subitum atque oculis mirabile men with weapons. But behold a sudden wonder, monstrum, marvellous to the sight, gleaming white through the candida per siluam cum fetu concolor albo trees, a sow the same colour as her white litter, seen procubuit uiridique in litore conspicitur sus; lying on the green bank: dutiful Aeneas, carrying quam pius Aeneas tibi enim, tibi, maxima Iuno, the sacred vessel, sets her with her young before mactat sacra ferens et cum grege sistit ad aram. 85 the altar and sacrifices her to you, to you indeed, Thybris ea fluuium, quam longa est, nocte most powerful Juno. Tiber calmed his swelling tumentem flood all that night long, and flowing backwards leniit, et tacita refluens ita substitit unda, stilled his silent wave, so that he spread his watery mitis ut in morem stagni placidaeque paludis levels as in a gentle pool, or placid swamp, so it sterneret aequor aquis, remo ut luctamen abesset. would be effortless for the oars. Therefore they ergo iter inceptum celerant rumore secundo: 90 sped on the course begun, with happy murmurs, the labitur uncta uadis abies; mirantur et undae, oiled pine slipped through the shallows: the waves miratur nemus insuetum fulgentia longe marvelled, the woods marvelled, unused to the far- scuta uirum fluuio pictasque innare carinas. gleaming shields of heroes, and the painted ships olli remigio noctemque diemque fatigant floating in the river. They wore out a night and a et longos superant flexus, uariisque teguntur 95 day with their rowing navigated long bends, were arboribus, uiridisque secant placido aequore siluas. shaded by many kinds of trees, and cut through the sol medium caeli conscenderat igneus orbem green woods, over the calm levels. The fiery sun cum muros arcemque procul ac rara domorum had climbed to the mid-point of the sky's arc, when tecta uident, quae nunc Romana potentia caelo they saw walls and a fort in the distance, and the aequauit, tum res inopes Euandrus habebat. 100 scattered roofs of houses, which Roman power has ocius aduertunt proras urbique propinquant. now raised heavenwards: then Evander owned a poor affair. They turned the prows quickly towards land, and approached the town. Lines 102-151 Aeneas Meets Evander Forte die sollemnem illo rex Arcas honorem By chance that day the Arcadian king was making Amphitryoniadae magno diuisque ferebat solemn offering to Hercules, Amphitryon's mighty ante urbem in luco. Pallas huic filius una, son, and other gods in a grove in front of the city. una omnes iuuenum primi pauperque senatus 105 His son Pallas was with him, and with him were all tura dabant, tepidusque cruor fumabat ad aras. the leading young men, and his impoverished ut celsas uidere rates atque inter opacum senate offering incense, and the warm blood adlabi nemus et tacitos incumbere remis, smoked on the altars. When they saw the noble terrentur uisu subito cunctique relictis ships: that they were gliding through the shadowy consurgunt mensis. audax quos rumpere Pallas 110 woods, rowing with silent oars: they were alarmed sacra uetat raptoque uolat telo obuius ipse, at the sudden sight and rose together, leaving the et procul e tumulo: 'iuuenes, quae causa subegit tables. But proud Pallas ordered them not to break ignotas temptare uias? quo tenditis?' inquit. off the rites, and seizing his spear flew off to meet 'qui genus? unde domo? pacemne huc fertis an the strangers himself, and at some distance shouted arma?' from a hillock: 'Warriors what motive drives you to tum pater Aeneas puppi sic fatur ab alta 115 try unknown paths? Where are you heading? What paciferaeque manu ramum praetendit oliuae: people are you? Where from? Do you bring peace 'Troiugenas ac tela uides inimica Latinis, or war?' Then Aeneas the leader spoke from the quos illi bello profugos egere superbo. high stern, holding out a branch of olive in peace: Euandrum petimus. ferte haec et dicite lectos 'You are looking at men of Trojan birth, and spears Dardaniae uenisse duces socia arma rogantis.' 120 hostile to the Latins, men whom they force to flee obstipuit tanto percussus nomine Pallas: through arrogant warfare. We seek Evander. Take 'egredere o quicumque es' ait 'coramque parentem my message and say that the chosen leaders of Troy adloquere ac nostris succede penatibus hospes.' have come, asking for armed alliance.' Pallas was excepitque manu dextramque amplexus inhaesit; amazed, awestruck by that great name: 'O whoever progressi subeunt luco fluuiumque relinquunt. 125 you may be, disembark, and speak to my father Tum regem Aeneas dictis adfatur amicis: face to face, and come beneath our roof as a guest.' 'optime Graiugenum, cui me Fortuna precari And he took his hand and gripped it tight in et uitta comptos uoluit praetendere ramos, welcome: they left the river, and went on into the non equidem extimui Danaum quod ductor et Arcas grove. Then Aeneas spoke to King Evander, in quodque a stirpe fores geminis coniunctus Atridis; words of friendship: 'Noblest of the sons of Greece, 130 whom Fortune determines me to make request of, sed mea me uirtus et sancta oracula diuum offering branches decked with sacred ribbons: cognatique patres, tua terris didita fama, indeed I did not fear your being a leader of Greeks, coniunxere tibi et fatis egere uolentem. an Arcadian, and joined to the race of the twin sons Dardanus, Iliacae primus pater urbis et auctor, of Atreus, since my own worth, and the god's holy Electra, ut Grai perhibent, Atlantide cretus, 135 oracles, our fathers being related, your fame known aduehitur Teucros; Electram maximus Atlas throughout the world, connect me to you, and bring edidit, aetherios umero qui sustinet orbis. me here willingly, through destiny. Dardanus, our uobis Mercurius pater est, quem candida Maia early ancestor, and leader of Troy's city, born of Cyllenae gelido conceptum uertice fudit; Atlantean Electra, as the Greeks assert, voyaged to at Maiam, auditis si quicquam credimus, Atlas, 140 Troy's Teucrian people: and mightiest Atlas begot idem Atlas generat caeli qui sidera tollit. Electra, he who supports the heavenly spheres on sic genus amborum scindit se sanguine ab uno. his shoulders. Your ancestor is Mercury, whom his fretus non legatos neque prima per artem lovely Maia conceived, and gave birth to on temptamenta tui pepigi; me, me ipse meumque Cyllene's cold heights: and Atlas, if we credit what obieci caput et supplex ad limina ueni. 145 we hear, begot Maia, that same Atlas who lifts the gens eadem, quae te, crudeli Daunia bello starry sky. So both our races branch from the one insequitur; nos si pellant nihil afore credunt root. Relying on this, I decided on no envoys, no quin omnem Hesperiam penitus sua sub iuga prior attempts through diplomacy: myself, I set mittant, before you, myself and my own life, and come et mare quod supra teneant quodque adluit infra. humbly to your threshold. The same Daunian race accipe daque fidem. sunt nobis fortia bello 150 pursues us with war, as you yourself, indeed they pectora, sunt animi et rebus spectata iuuentus.' think if they drive us out, nothing will stop them bringing all Hesperia completely under their yoke, and owning the seas that wash the eastern and western shores. Accept and offer friendship. We have brave hearts in battle, soldiers and spirits proven in action.' Lines 152-183 Evander Offers Alliance Dixerat Aeneas. ille os oculosque loquentis Aeneas spoke. Evander scanned his face, eyes and iamdudum et totum lustrabat lumine corpus. form, for a long time with his gaze, as he was tum sic pauca refert: 'ut te, fortissime Teucrum, speaking. Then he replied briefly, so: 'How gladly I accipio agnoscoque libens! ut uerba parentis 155 know, and welcome you, bravest of Trojans! How et uocem Anchisae magni uultumque recordor! it brings back your father's speech, the voice and nam memini Hesionae uisentem regna sororis features of noble Anchises! For I recall how Priam, Laomedontiaden Priamum Salamina petentem son of Laomedon, visiting the realms of his sister, protinus Arcadiae gelidos inuisere finis. Hesione, and seeking Salamis, came on further to tum mihi prima genas uestibat flore iuuentas, 160 see the chill territories of Arcadia. In those days mirabarque duces Teucros, mirabar et ipsum first youth clothed my cheeks with bloom, and I Laomedontiaden; sed cunctis altior ibat marvelled at the Trojan leaders, and marvelled at Anchises. mihi mens iuuenali ardebat amore the son of Laomedon himself: but Anchises as he compellare uirum et dextrae coniungere dextram; walked was taller than all. My mind burned with accessi et cupidus Phenei sub moenia duxi. 165 youthful desire to address the hero, and clasp his ille mihi insignem pharetram Lyciasque sagittas hand in mine: I approached and led him eagerly discedens chlamydemque auro dedit intertextam, inside the walls of Pheneus. On leaving he gave me frenaque bina meus quae nunc habet aurea Pallas. a noble quiver of Lycian arrows, a cloak woven ergo et quam petitis iuncta est mihi foedere dextra, with gold, and a pair of golden bits, that my Pallas et lux cum primum terris se crastina reddet, 170 now owns. So the hand of mine you look for is auxilio laetos dimittam opibusque iuuabo. joined in alliance, and when tomorrow's dawn interea sacra haec, quando huc uenistis amici, returns to the earth, I'll send you off cheered by my annua, quae differre nefas, celebrate fauentes help, and aid you with stores. Meanwhile, since you nobiscum, et iam nunc sociorum adsuescite come to us as friends, favour us by celebrating this mensis.' annual festival, which it is wrong to delay, and Haec ubi dicta, dapes iubet et sublata reponi 175 become accustomed to your friends' table.' When pocula gramineoque uiros locat ipse sedili, he had spoken he ordered the food and drink that praecipuumque toro et uillosi pelle leonis had been removed to be replaced, and seated the accipit Aenean solioque inuitat acerno. warriors himself on the turf benches. He welcomed tum lecti iuuenes certatim araeque sacerdos Aeneas as the principal guest, and invited him to a uiscera tosta ferunt taurorum, onerantque canistris maple-wood throne covered by a shaggy lion's pelt. 180 Then the altar priest with young men he had chosen dona laboratae Cereris, Bacchumque ministrant. competed to bring on the roast meat from the bulls, uescitur Aeneas simul et Troiana iuuentus pile the baked bread in baskets, and serve the wine. perpetui tergo bouis et lustralibus extis. Aeneas and the men of Troy feasted on an entire chine of beef, and the sacrificial organs. Lines 184-305 The Tale of Hercules and Cacus Postquam exempta fames et amor compressus When hunger had been banished, and desire for edendi, food sated, King Evander said: 'No idle rex Euandrus ait: 'non haec sollemnia nobis, 185 superstition, or ignorance of the ancient gods, has ex more dapes, hanc tanti numinis aram forced these solemn rites of ours, this ritual uana superstitio ueterumque ignara deorum banquet, this altar to so great a divinity, upon us. imposuit: saeuis, hospes Troiane, periclis We perform them, and repeat the honours due, seruati facimus meritosque nouamus honores. Trojan guest, because we were saved from cruel iam primum saxis suspensam hanc aspice rupem, perils. Now look first at this rocky overhanging 190 cliff, how its bulk is widely shattered, and the disiectae procul ut moles desertaque montis mountain lair stands deserted, and the crags have stat domus et scopuli ingentem traxere ruinam. been pulled down in mighty ruin. There was a cave hic spelunca fuit uasto summota recessu, here, receding to vast depths, untouched by the semihominis Caci facies quam dira tenebat sun's rays, inhabited by the fell shape of Cacus, the solis inaccessam radiis; semperque recenti 195 half-human, and the ground was always warm with caede tepebat humus, foribusque adfixa superbis fresh blood, and the heads of men, insolently nailed ora uirum tristi pendebant pallida tabo. to the doors, hung there pallid with sad decay. huic monstro Uolcanus erat pater: illius atros Vulcan was father to this monster: and, as he ore uomens ignis magna se mole ferebat. moved his massive bulk, he belched out his dark attulit et nobis aliquando optantibus aetas 200 fires. Now at last time brought what we wished, the auxilium aduentumque dei. nam maximus ultor presence and assistance of a god. Hercules, the tergemini nece Geryonae spoliisque superbus greatest of avengers, appeared, proud of the killing Alcides aderat taurosque hac uictor agebat and the spoils of three-fold Geryon, driving his ingentis, uallemque boues amnemque tenebant. great bulls along as victor, and his cattle occupied at furis Caci mens effera, ne quid inausum 205 the valley and the river. And Cacus, his mind mad aut intractatum scelerisue doliue fuisset, with frenzy, lest any wickedness or cunning be left quattuor a stabulis praestanti corpore tauros un-dared or un-tried drove off four bulls of auertit, totidem forma superante iuuencas. outstanding quality, and as many heifers of atque hos, ne qua forent pedibus uestigia rectis, exceptional beauty, from their stalls. and, so there cauda in speluncam tractos uersisque uiarum 210 might be no forward-pointing spoor, the thief indiciis raptor saxo occultabat opaco; dragged them into his cave by the tail, and, quaerenti nulla ad speluncam signa ferebant. reversing the signs of their tracks, hid them in the interea, cum iam stabulis saturata moueret stony dark: no one seeking them would find a trail Amphitryoniades armenta abitumque pararet, to the cave. Meanwhile, as Hercules, Amphitryon's discessu mugire boues atque omne querelis 215 son, was moving the well-fed herd from their stalls, impleri nemus et colles clamore relinqui. and preparing to leave, the cattle lowed as they reddidit una boum uocem uastoque sub antro went out, all the woods were filled with their mugiit et Caci spem custodita fefellit. complaining, and the sound echoed from the hills. hic uero Alcidae furiis exarserat atro One heifer returned their call, and lowed from the felle dolor: rapit arma manu nodisque grauatum deep cave, and foiled Cacus's hopes from her 220 prison. At this Hercules's indignation truly blazed, robur, et aerii cursu petit ardua montis. with a venomous dark rage: he seized weapons in tum primum nostri Cacum uidere timentem his hand, and his heavy knotted club, and quickly turbatumque oculis; fugit ilicet ocior Euro sought the slopes of the high mountain. Then for speluncamque petit, pedibus timor addidit alas. the first time my people saw Cacus afraid, ut sese inclusit ruptisque immane catenis 225 confusion in his eyes: he fled at once, swifter than deiecit saxum, ferro quod et arte paterna the East Wind, heading for his cave: fear lent wings pendebat, fultosque emuniit obice postis, to his feet. As he shut himself in, and blocked the ecce furens animis aderat Tirynthius omnemque entrance securely, throwing against it a giant rock, accessum lustrans huc ora ferebat et illuc, hung there in chains by his father's craft, by dentibus infrendens. ter totum feruidus ira 230 shattering the links, behold Hercules arrived in a lustrat Auentini montem, ter saxea temptat tearing passion, turning his head this way and that, limina nequiquam, ter fessus ualle resedit. scanning every approach, and gnashing his teeth. stabat acuta silex praecisis undique saxis Hot with rage, three times he circled the whole speluncae dorso insurgens, altissima uisu, Aventine Hill, three times he tried the stony dirarum nidis domus opportuna uolucrum. 235 doorway in vain, three times he sank down, hanc, ut prona iugo laeuum incumbebat ad amnem, exhausted, in the valley. A sharp pinnacle of flint, dexter in aduersum nitens concussit et imis the rock shorn away on every side, stood, tall to auulsam soluit radicibus, inde repente see, rising behind the cave, a suitable place for vile impulit; impulsu quo maximus intonat aether, birds to nest. He shook it, where it lay, it's ridge dissultant ripae refluitque exterritus amnis. 240 sloping towards the river on the left, straining at it at specus et Caci detecta apparuit ingens from the right, loosening its deepest roots, and regia, et umbrosae penitus patuere cauernae, tearing it out, then suddenly hurling it away, the non secus ac si qua penitus ui terra dehiscens highest heavens thundered with the blow, the banks infernas reseret sedes et regna recludat broke apart, and the terrified river recoiled. But pallida, dis inuisa, superque immane barathrum 245 Cacus's den and his vast realm stood revealed, and cernatur, trepident immisso lumine Manes. the shadowy caverns within lay open, no differently ergo insperata deprensum luce repente than if earth, gaping deep within, were to unlock inclusumque cauo saxo atque insueta rudentem the infernal regions by force, and disclose the pallid desuper Alcides telis premit, omniaque arma realms, hated by the gods, and the vast abyss be aduocat et ramis uastisque molaribus instat. 250 seen from above, and the spirits tremble at ille autem, neque enim fuga iam super ulla pericli, incoming light. So Hercules, calling upon all his faucibus ingentem fumum (mirabile dictu) weapons, hurled missiles at Cacus from above, euomit inuoluitque domum caligine caeca caught suddenly in unexpected daylight, penned in prospectum eripiens oculis, glomeratque sub antro the hollow rock, with unaccustomed howling, and fumiferam noctem commixtis igne tenebris. 255 rained boughs and giant blocks of stone on him. He non tulit Alcides animis, seque ipse per ignem on the other hand, since there was no escape now praecipiti iecit saltu, qua plurimus undam from the danger, belched thick smoke from his fumus agit nebulaque ingens specus aestuat atra. throat (marvellous to tell) and enveloped the place hic Cacum in tenebris incendia uana uomentem in blind darkness, blotting the view from sight, and corripit in nodum complexus, et angit inhaerens gathering smoke-laden night in the cave, a darkness 260 mixed with fire. Hercules in his pride could not elisos oculos et siccum sanguine guttur. endure it, and he threw himself, with a headlong panditur extemplo foribus domus atra reuulsis leap, through the flames, where the smoke gave out abstractaeque boues abiurataeque rapinae its densest billows, and black mist heaved in the caelo ostenduntur, pedibusque informe cadauer great cavern. Here, as Cacus belched out useless protrahitur. nequeunt expleri corda tuendo 265 flame in the darkness, Hercules seized him in a terribilis oculos, uultum uillosaque saetis knot-like clasp, and, clinging, choked him the eyes pectora semiferi atque exstinctos faucibus ignis. squeezed, and the throat drained of blood. ex illo celebratus honos laetique minores Immediately the doors were ripped out, and the seruauere diem, primusque Potitius auctor dark den exposed, the stolen cattle, and the theft et domus Herculei custos Pinaria sacri 270 Cacus denied, were revealed to the heavens, and hanc aram luco statuit, quae maxima semper the shapeless carcass dragged out by the feet. The dicetur nobis et erit quae maxima semper. people could not get their fill of gazing at the quare agite, o iuuenes, tantarum in munere laudum hideous eyes, the face, and shaggy bristling chest of cingite fronde comas et pocula porgite dextris, the half-man, and the ashes of the jaw's flames. communemque uocate deum et date uina uolentes.' Because of that this rite is celebrated, and happy 275 posterity remembers the day: and Potitius, the first, dixerat, Herculea bicolor cum populus umbra the founder, with the Pinarian House as guardians uelauitque comas foliisque innexa pependit, of the worship of Hercules, set up this altar in the et sacer impleuit dextram scyphus. ocius omnes grove, which shall be spoken of for ever by us as in mensam laeti libant diuosque precantur. 'The Mightiest', and the mightiest it shall be for Deuexo interea propior fit Uesper Olympo. 280 ever. Come now, O you young men, wreathe your iamque sacerdotes primusque Potitius ibant hair with leaves, hold out wine-cups in your right pellibus in morem cincti, flammasque ferebant. hands, in honour of such great glory, and call on instaurant epulas et mensae grata secundae the god we know, and pour out the wine with a dona ferunt cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras. will.' He spoke, while grey-green poplar veiled his tum Salii ad cantus incensa altaria circum 285 hair with Hercules's own shade, hanging down in a populeis adsunt euincti tempora ramis, knot of leaves, and the sacred cup filled his hand. hic iuuenum chorus, ille senum, qui carmine laudes Quickly they all poured a joyful libation on the Herculeas et facta ferunt: ut prima nouercae table, and prayed to the gods. Meanwhile, evening monstra manu geminosque premens eliserit anguis, drew nearer in the heavens, and now the priests ut bello egregias idem disiecerit urbes, 290 went out, Potitius leading, clothed in pelts as Troiamque Oechaliamque, ut duros mille labores customary, and carrying torches. They restarted the rege sub Eurystheo fatis Iunonis iniquae feast, bringing welcome offerings as a second pertulerit. 'tu nubigenas, inuicte, bimembris course, and piled the altars with heaped plates. Hylaeumque Pholumque manu, tu Cresia mactas Then the Salii, the dancing priests, came to sing prodigia et uastum Nemeae sub rupe leonem. 295 round the lighted altars, their foreheads wreathed te Stygii tremuere lacus, te ianitor Orci with sprays of poplar, one band of youths, another ossa super recubans antro semesa cruento; of old men, who praised the glories and deeds of nec te ullae facies, non terruit ipse Typhoeus Hercules in song: how as an infant he strangled the arduus arma tenens; non te rationis egentem twin snakes in his grip, monsters sent by Juno his Lernaeus turba capitum circumstetit anguis. 300 stepmother: how too he destroyed cities salue, uera Iouis proles, decus addite diuis, incomparable in war, Troy and Oechalia: how he et nos et tua dexter adi pede sacra secundo.' endured a thousand hard labours destined for him talia carminibus celebrant; super omnia Caci by cruel Juno, through King Eurystheus: 'You, speluncam adiciunt spirantemque ignibus ipsum. unconquerable one, you slew the cloud-born consonat omne nemus strepitu collesque resultant. Centaurs, bi-formed Hylaeus and Pholus, with your 305 hand: the monstrous Cretan Bull: and the huge lion below the cliffs of Nemea. The Stygian Lake trembled before you: Cerberus, Hell's guardian, lying on half-eaten bones in his blood-drenched cave: No shape, not Typheus himself, armed and towering upwards, daunted you: your brains were not lacking when Lerna's Hydra surrounded you with its swarm of heads. Hail, true child of Jove, a glory added to the gods, visit us and your rites with grace and favouring feet.' Such things they celebrated in song, adding to all this Cacus's cave, and the fire-breather himself. All the grove rang with sound, and the hills echoed. Lines 306-369 Pallanteum – The Site of Rome Exim se cuncti diuinis rebus ad urbem Then they all returned to the city, the sacred rites perfectis referunt. ibat rex obsitus aeuo, complete. The king walked clothed with years, and et comitem Aenean iuxta natumque tenebat kept Aeneas and his son near him for company, ingrediens uarioque uiam sermone leuabat. lightening the road with various talk. Aeneas miratur facilisque oculos fert omnia circum 310 marvelled, and scanned his eyes about eagerly, Aeneas, capiturque locis et singula laetus captivated by the place, and delighted to enquire exquiritque auditque uirum monimenta priorum. about and learn each tale of the men of old. So tum rex Euandrus Romanae conditor arcis: King Evander, founder of Rome's citadel, said: 'The 'haec nemora indigenae Fauni Nymphaeque local Nymphs and Fauns once lived in these groves, tenebant and a race of men born of trees with tough timber, gensque uirum truncis et duro robore nata, 315 who had no laws or culture, and didn't know how to quis neque mos neque cultus erat, nec iungere yoke oxen or gather wealth, or lay aside a store, but tauros the branches fed them, and the hunter's wild fare. aut componere opes norant aut parcere parto, Saturn was the first to come down from heavenly sed rami atque asper uictu uenatus alebat. Olympus, fleeing Jove's weapons, and exiled from primus ab aetherio uenit Saturnus Olympo his lost realm. He gathered together the untaught arma Iouis fugiens et regnis exsul ademptis. 320 race, scattered among the hills, and gave them laws, is genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis and chose to call it Latium, from latere, 'to hide', composuit legesque dedit, Latiumque uocari since he had hidden in safety on these shores. maluit, his quoniam latuisset tutus in oris. Under his reign was the Golden Age men speak of: aurea quae perhibent illo sub rege fuere in such tranquil peace did he rule the nations, until saecula: sic placida populos in pace regebat, 325 little by little an inferior, tarnished age succeeded, deterior donec paulatim ac decolor aetas with war's madness, and desire for possessions. et belli rabies et amor successit habendi. Then the Ausonian bands came, and the Siconian tum manus Ausonia et gentes uenere Sicanae, tribes, while Saturn's land of Latium often laid saepius et nomen posuit Saturnia tellus; aside her name: then the kings, and savage Thybris, tum reges asperque immani corpore Thybris, 330 of vast bulk, after whom we Italians call our river a quo post Itali fluuium cognomine Thybrim by the name of Tiber: the ancient Albula has lost diximus; amisit uerum uetus Albula nomen. her true name. As for me, exiled from my country me pulsum patria pelagique extrema sequentem and seeking the limits of the ocean, all-powerful Fortuna omnipotens et ineluctabile fatum Chance, and inescapable fate, settled me in this his posuere locis, matrisque egere tremenda 335 place, driven on by my mother the Nymph Carmentis nymphae monita et deus auctor Apollo.' Carmentis's dire warnings, and my guardian god Uix ea dicta, dehinc progressus monstrat et aram Apollo.' He had scarcely spoken when advancing et Carmentalem Romani nomine portam he pointed out the altar and what the Romans call quam memorant, nymphae priscum Carmentis the Carmental Gate, in ancient tribute to the Nymph honorem, Carmentis, the far-seeing prophetess, who first uatis fatidicae, cecinit quae prima futuros 340 foretold the greatness of Aeneas's sons, the glory of Aeneadas magnos et nobile Pallanteum. Pallanteum. Next he pointed to a vast grove, which hinc lucum ingentem, quem Romulus acer asylum brave Romulus would restore as a sanctuary, and rettulit, et gelida monstrat sub rupe Lupercal the Lupercal, the Wolf's Cave, under a cold cliff, Parrhasio dictum Panos de more Lycaei. named in the Arcadian way for the wolf-god, nec non et sacri monstrat nemus Argileti 345 Lycaean Pan. And he also pointed out the grove of testaturque locum et letum docet hospitis Argi. sacred Argiletum calling the place to witness, hinc ad Tarpeiam sedem et Capitolia ducit relating the death of Argus his guest. He leads him aurea nunc, olim siluestribus horrida dumis. from here to the Tarpeian Rock and the Capitol, iam tum religio pauidos terrebat agrestis now all gold, once bristling with wild thorns. Even dira loci, iam tum siluam saxumque tremebant. 350 then the dreadful holiness of the place awed the 'hoc nemus, hunc' inquit 'frondoso uertice collem fearful country folk, even then they trembled at the (quis deus incertum est) habitat deus; Arcades wood and the rock. 'A god inhabits this grove,' he ipsum said, ' and this hill with its leafy summit, (which credunt se uidisse Iouem, cum saepe nigrantem god is unknown): my Arcadians believe they have aegida concuteret dextra nimbosque cieret. seen Jove himself, as his right hand has often haec duo praeterea disiectis oppida muris, 355 shaken his darkening shield, and called up the reliquias ueterumque uides monimenta uirorum. storm clouds. Moreover you can see in these two hanc Ianus pater, hanc Saturnus condidit arcem; townships with broken walls, the memorials and Ianiculum huic, illi fuerat Saturnia nomen.' relics of men of old. Father Janus built this fort, talibus inter se dictis ad tecta subibant Saturn that: this was named the Janiculum, that the pauperis Euandri, passimque armenta uidebant 360 Saturnia.' Talking among themselves they came to Romanoque foro et lautis mugire Carinis. the house of the impoverished Evander, and saw ut uentum ad sedes, 'haec' inquit 'limina uictor cattle here and there, lowing where the Roman Alcides subiit, haec illum regia cepit. Forum and the fashionable Carinae would be. aude, hospes, contemnere opes et te quoque dignum When they reached the house, Evander said: finge deo, rebusque ueni non asper egenis.' 365 'Victorious Hercules stooped to entering this dixit, et angusti subter fastigia tecti doorway, this palace charmed him. My guest, dare ingentem Aenean duxit stratisque locauit to scorn wealth, and make yourself worthy too to effultum foliis et pelle Libystidis ursae: be a god: don't be scathing about the lack of nox ruit et fuscis tellurem amplectitur alis. possessions.' He spoke, and led mighty Aeneas beneath the confines of his sloping roof, and allotted him a mattress stuffed with leaves, and the pelt of a Libyan bear: Night fell, and embraced the earth with her darkening wings. Lines 370-406 Venus Seeks Weapons from Vulcan At Uenus haud animo nequiquam exterrita mater Now Venus, a mother fearful, and not without 370 reason, in her mind, troubled by the Laurentine Laurentumque minis et duro mota tumultu threats, and fierce uprising, spoke to Vulcan, her Uolcanum adloquitur, thalamoque haec coniugis husband, in their golden bridal chamber, beginning aureo this way, breathing divine passion into her words: 'I incipit et dictis diuinum aspirat amorem: didn't ask weapons of your skill or power, dearest 'dum bello Argolici uastabant Pergama reges husband, nor any help for my poor people, while debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces, 375 the Argive kings destroyed doomed Troy in the non ullum auxilium miseris, non arma rogaui war, her citadel fated to fall to hostile flames: no, I artis opisque tuae, nec te, carissime coniunx, didn't want to exercise you or your skills in vain, incassumue tuos uolui exercere labores, though I owed much indeed to Priam's sons, and quamuis et Priami deberem plurima natis, often wept at Aeneas's cruel suffering. Now at et durum Aeneae fleuissem saepe laborem. 380 Jove's command he has set foot on Rutulian shores, nunc Iouis imperiis Rutulorum constitit oris: so I come likewise as a suppliant and ask arms of ergo eadem supplex uenio et sanctum mihi numen the power sacred to me, a mother on behalf of her arma rogo, genetrix nato. te filia Nerei, son. Thetis, Nereus's daughter, and Aurora, te potuit lacrimis Tithonia flectere coniunx. Tithonus's wife, could move you with tears. See aspice qui coeant populi, quae moenia clausis 385 what nations gather, what cities, closing their gates, ferrum acuant portis in me excidiumque meorum.' are sharpening their swords against me, to destroy dixerat et niueis hinc atque hinc diua lacertis my people.' She had spoken, and as he hesitated, cunctantem amplexu molli fouet. ille repente the goddess caressed him in a tender embrace, on accepit solitam flammam, notusque medullas this side and on that, in her snowy arms. At once he intrauit calor et labefacta per ossa cucurrit, 390 felt the familiar flame, and that warmth he knew non secus atque olim tonitru cum rupta corusco penetrated him to the marrow, and ran through his ignea rima micans percurrit lumine nimbos; melting bones, no differently than when, with a sensit laeta dolis et formae conscia coniunx. peal of thunder, a forked streak of fire tears through tum pater aeterno fatur deuinctus amore: the storm-clouds with dazzling light: his partner felt 'quid causas petis ex alto? fiducia cessit 395 it, delighted with her cleverness and conscious of quo tibi, diua, mei? similis si cura fuisset, her beauty. Then old Vulcan spoke, chained by tum quoque fas nobis Teucros armare fuisset; immortal love: 'Why do you seek instances from nec pater omnipotens Troiam nec fata uetabant the past? Goddess, where has your faith in me stare decemque alios Priamum superesse per annos. gone? If your anxiety then was the same, it would et nunc, si bellare paras atque haec tibi mens est, have been right for me too to arm the Trojans then: 400 neither fate nor the almighty Father refused to let quidquid in arte mea possum promittere curae, Troy stand, or Priam live, ten years more. And so quod fieri ferro liquidoue potest electro, now, if war is your intent, and your mind is set on quantum ignes animaeque ualent, absiste precando it, cease to doubt your powers, entreating whatever uiribus indubitare tuis.' ea uerba locutus care I can promise in my craft, whatever can be optatos dedit amplexus placidumque petiuit 405 made of iron and molten electrum, whatever fire coniugis infusus gremio per membra soporem. and air can do.' Saying these words he gave her a desired embrace, and sinking onto his wife's breast, sought gentle sleep in every limb. Lines 407-453 Vulcan's Smithy Inde ubi prima quies medio iam noctis abactae When, in vanishing night's mid-course, first rest has curriculo expulerat somnum, cum femina primum, conquered the need for sleep: when a woman, who cui tolerare colo uitam tenuique Minerua supports life with distaff and the humble work impositum, cinerem et sopitos suscitat ignis 410 Minerva imposes, first wakes the ashes, and noctem addens operi, famulasque ad lumina longo slumbering flames, adding night hours to her toil, exercet penso, castum ut seruare cubile and maintains her servants at their endless task, by coniugis et possit paruos educere natos: lamplight, to keep her husband's bed pure, and raise haud secus ignipotens nec tempore segnior illo her young sons: just so, the god, with the power of mollibus e stratis opera ad fabrilia surgit. 415 fire, rose now from his soft bed, no idler at that insula Sicanium iuxta latus Aeoliamque hour, to labour at the forge. An island, its rocks erigitur Liparen fumantibus ardua saxis, smoking, rises steeply by the Sicilian coast, near quam subter specus et Cyclopum exesa caminis the flanks of Aeolian Lipare. Beneath it a cave, and antra Aetnaea tonant, ualidique incudibus ictus the galleries of Etna, eaten at by the Cyclopean auditi referunt gemitus, striduntque cauernis 420 furnaces, resound, and the groans from the anvils stricturae Chalybum et fornacibus ignis anhelat, are heard echoing the heavy blows, and masses of Uolcani domus et Uolcania nomine tellus. Chalybean steel hiss in the caverns, and fire hoc tunc ignipotens caelo descendit ab alto. breathes through the furnaces. It is Vulcan's home ferrum exercebant uasto Cyclopes in antro, and called Vulcania. Here then the god with the Brontesque Steropesque et nudus membra power of fire descended from the heavens. In the Pyragmon. 425 huge cave the Cyclopes, Brontes, Steropes, and his informatum manibus iam parte polita bare-limbed Pyrcamon, were forging iron. They fulmen erat, toto genitor quae plurima caelo held a lightning-bolt, shaped with their hands, like deicit in terras, pars imperfecta manebat. many of those the Father hurls from all over the tris imbris torti radios, tris nubis aquosae sky, part of it polished, part still left to do. They'd addiderant, rutuli tris ignis et alitis Austri. 430 added three shafts of spiralling rain, three of watery fulgores nunc terrificos sonitumque metumque cloud, three of reddening fire, and the winged south miscebant operi flammisque sequacibus iras. wind. now they were blending terrifying flashes, parte alia Marti currumque rotasque uolucris into the work, sounds and fears, and fury with instabant, quibus ille uiros, quibus excitat urbes; following flames. Elsewhere they pressed on with a aegidaque horriferam, turbatae Palladis arma, 435 chariot for Mars, with winged wheels, with which certatim squamis serpentum auroque polibant he rouses men, with which he rouses cities: and a conexosque anguis ipsamque in pectore diuae chilling aegis, the breastplate of Pallas, competing Gorgona desecto uertentem lumina collo. to burnish its serpent scales of gold, its interwoven 'tollite cuncta' inquit 'coeptosque auferte labores, snakes, and the Gorgon herself on the goddess's Aetnaei Cyclopes, et huc aduertite mentem: 440 breast, with severed neck and rolling eyes: 'Away arma acri facienda uiro. nunc uiribus usus, with all this,' he shouts, 'remove the work you've nunc manibus rapidis, omni nunc arte magistra. started, Cyclopes of Etna, and turn your minds to praecipitate moras.' nec plura effatus, at illi this: you're to make arms for a brave hero. Now ocius incubuere omnes pariterque laborem you need strength, swift hands now, all the art now sortiti. fluit aes riuis aurique metallum 445 of a master. An end to delay.' He said no more, but uulnificusque chalybs uasta fornace liquescit. they all bent quickly to the toil, and shared the ingentem clipeum informant, unum omnia contra labour equally. Bronze and golden ore flowed in tela Latinorum, septenosque orbibus orbis streams, and steel, that deals wounds, melted in a impediunt. alii uentosis follibus auras vast furnace. They shaped a giant shield, one to accipiunt redduntque, alii stridentia tingunt 450 stand against all the weapons of Latium, layering it aera lacu; gemit impositis incudibus antrum; seven times, disc on disc. Some sucked in air and illi inter sese multa ui bracchia tollunt blew it out again with panting bellows, others in numerum, uersantque tenaci forcipe massam. dipped the hissing bronze in the lake: the cavern groaned beneath the weight of anvils. With mighty force they lifted their arms together in rhythm, and turned the mass of metal, gripping it with pincers. Lines 454-519 Evander Proposes Assistance Haec pater Aeoliis properat dum Lemnius oris, While the lord of Lemnos hastened the work on the Euandrum ex humili tecto lux suscitat alma 455 Aeolian shore, the kindly light, and the dawn song et matutini uolucrum sub culmine cantus. of the birds beneath the eaves, called Evander from consurgit senior tunicaque inducitur artus his humble house. The old man rose, clothed his et Tyrrhena pedum circumdat uincula plantis. body in a tunic and strapped Tyrrhenian sandals to tum lateri atque umeris Tegeaeum subligat ensem the soles of his feet. Then he fastened his Tegaean demissa ab laeua pantherae terga retorquens. 460 sword over his shoulder and to his side, flinging nec non et gemini custodes limine ab alto back a panther's hide on the left. Two guard dogs praecedunt gressumque canes comitantur erilem. besides ran ahead from the high threshold, and hospitis Aeneae sedem et secreta petebat accompanied their master's steps. The hero made sermonum memor et promissi muneris heros. his way to his guest Aeneas's secluded lodging, nec minus Aeneas se matutinus agebat; 465 thinking of his words, and the help he had filius huic Pallas, illi comes ibat Achates. promised. Aeneas was no less early to rise: his son congressi iungunt dextras mediisque residunt Pallas walked with the one, Achates with the other. aedibus et licito tandem sermone fruuntur. They clasped hands as they met, sat down among rex prior haec: the houses, and finally enjoyed open conversation. 'maxime Teucrorum ductor, quo sospite numquam The king was the first to begin, so: 'Greatest leader 470 of the Teucrians, for my part while you're safe and res equidem Troiae uictas aut regna fatebor, sound I'll never accept that the kingdom and power nobis ad belli auxilium pro nomine tanto of Troy have been overthrown, our strength in war exiguae uires; hinc Tusco claudimur amni, is inadequate to such a name: on this side we are hinc Rutulus premit et murum circumsonat armis. shut in by the Tuscan river, while on that the sed tibi ego ingentis populos opulentaque regnis Rutulian presses us, and thunders in arms round our 475 walls. But I propose to affiliate mighty peoples to iungere castra paro, quam fors inopina salutem you, and a war-camp rich in kingships, help that ostentat: fatis huc te poscentibus adfers. chance unpredictably reveals. You arrive at fate's haud procul hinc saxo incolitur fundata uetusto command. Not far from here is the site of Argylla's urbis Agyllinae sedes, ubi Lydia quondam city, built of ancient stone, where the Lydian race, gens, bello praeclara, iugis insedit Etruscis. 480 famous in war, once settled the Etruscan heights. hanc multos florentem annos rex deinde superbo For many years it flourished, until King Mezentius imperio et saeuis tenuit Mezentius armis. ruled it with arrogant power, and savage weaponry. quid memorem infandas caedes, quid facta tyranni Why recount the tyrant's wicked murders and effera? di capiti ipsius generique reseruent! vicious acts? May the gods reserve such for his life mortua quin etiam iungebat corpora uiuis 485 and race! He even tied corpses to living bodies, as a componens manibusque manus atque oribus ora, means of torture, placing hand on hand and face tormenti genus, et sanie taboque fluentis against face, so killing by a lingering death, in that complexu in misero longa sic morte necabat. wretched embrace, that ooze of disease and at fessi tandem ciues infanda furentem decomposition. But the weary citizens at last armed armati circumsistunt ipsumque domumque, 490 themselves surrounded the atrocious madman in his obtruncant socios, ignem ad fastigia iactant. palace, mowed down his supporters, and fired the ille inter caedem Rutulorum elapsus in agros roof. Amongst the carnage he escaped and fled to confugere et Turni defendier hospitis armis. Rutulian soil, protected by Turnus's allied army. So ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria iustis, all Etruria has risen in rightful anger, demanding regem ad supplicium praesenti Marte reposcunt. the king for punishment, with the threat of 495 immediate war. Aeneas, I'll make you leader of his ego te, Aenea, ductorem milibus addam. those thousands. For their ships clamour densely on toto namque fremunt condensae litore puppes the shore, and they order the banners to advance, signaque ferre iubent, retinet longaeuus haruspex but an aged soothsayer holds them back, singing of fata canens: "o Maeoniae delecta iuuentus, destiny: 'O chosen warriors of Maeonia, the flower, flos ueterum uirtusque uirum, quos iustus in hostem the honour of our ancient race, whom just 500 resentment sends against the enemy, and whom fert dolor et merita accendit Mezentius ira, Mezentius fires with rightful anger, no man of Italy nulli fas Italo tantam subiungere gentem: may control such a people as you: choose externos optate duces." tum Etrusca resedit foreigners as leaders.' So the Etruscan ranks hoc acies campo monitis exterrita diuum. camped on that plain, fearful of this warning from ipse oratores ad me regnique coronam 505 the gods. Tarchon himself has sent ambassadors to cum sceptro misit mandatque insignia Tarchon, me, with the royal sceptre and crown, entrusting me succedam castris Tyrrhenaque regna capessam. with the insignia: I to come to the camp, and take sed mihi tarda gelu saeclisque effeta senectus the Tuscan throne. But the slow frost of old age inuidet imperium seraeque ad fortia uires. wearied by the years, and strength now beyond acts natum exhortarer, ni mixtus matre Sabella 510 of valour, begrudge me the command. I would urge hinc partem patriae traheret. tu, cuius et annis my son to it, except that of mixed blood with a et generi fatum indulget, quem numina poscunt, Sabine mother, he takes part of his nationality from ingredere, o Teucrum atque Italum fortissime her. You, O bravest leader of Trojans and Italians, ductor. to whose race and years destiny is favourable, hunc tibi praeterea, spes et solacia nostri, whom the divine will calls, accept. Moreover I'll Pallanta adiungam; sub te tolerare magistro 515 add Pallas here, our hope and comfort: let him militiam et graue Martis opus, tua cernere facta become accustomed under your guidance to endure adsuescat, primis et te miretur ab annis. military service, and the grave work of war, witness Arcadas huic equites bis centum, robora pubis your actions, and admire you from his early years. lecta dabo, totidemque suo tibi nomine Pallas.' I'll grant him two hundred Arcadian horsemen, the choice flower of our manhood, and Pallas will grant the same to you himself.' Lines 520-584 The Preliminary Alarms Uix ea fatus erat, defixique ora tenebant 520 He had scarcely finished, and Aeneas, Anchises's Aeneas Anchisiades et fidus Achates, son, and loyal Achates, with eyes downcast, were multaque dura suo tristi cum corde putabant, thinking of many a difficulty, in their own sombre ni signum caelo Cytherea dedisset aperto. minds, when Cytherea sent a sign from a cloudless namque improuiso uibratus ab aethere fulgor sky. For lightning came flashing unexpectedly from cum sonitu uenit et ruere omnia uisa repente, 525 heaven, with thunder, and suddenly all seemed to Tyrrhenusque tubae mugire per aethera clangor. quake, and, through the air, a Tyrrhenian trumpet suspiciunt, iterum atque iterum fragor increpat blast seemed to bray. They looked upwards, a great ingens. crash sounded again and again. In a calm region of arma inter nubem caeli in regione serena the sky among the clouds they saw weapons per sudum rutilare uident et pulsa tonare. reddening in the bright air, and heard the noise of obstipuere animis alii, sed Troius heros 530 blows. The others were astounded but the Trojan agnouit sonitum et diuae promissa parentis. hero knew the sounds as those of things which his tum memorat: 'ne uero, hospes, ne quaere profecto mother had promised. Then he cried: 'My friend, quem casum portenta ferant: ego poscor Olympo. indeed, do not wonder I beg you as to what these hoc signum cecinit missuram diua creatrix, marvels might prophesy: I am called by Olympus. si bellum ingrueret, Uolcaniaque arma per auras The goddess who bore me foretold she would send 535 this sign if war was near, and bring weapons from laturam auxilio. Vulcan through the air to aid me. Alas what heu quantae miseris caedes Laurentibus instant! slaughter awaits the wretched Laurentines! What a quas poenas mihi, Turne, dabis! quam multa sub price you'll pay me, Turnus! What shields and undas helmets and bodies of the brave you'll roll beneath scuta uirum galeasque et fortia corpora uolues, your waves, father Tiber! Let them ask for battle Thybri pater! poscant acies et foedera rumpant.' and break their treaties.' Having spoken, he raised 540 himself from his high throne, and firstly revived the Haec ubi dicta dedit, solio se tollit ab alto dormant altars with Herculean fire, then gladly et primum Herculeis sopitas ignibus aras visited yesterday's Lar and the humble household excitat, hesternumque larem paruosque penatis gods. Evander and the Trojan warriors equally laetus adit; mactat lectas de more bidentis sacrificed chosen ewes according to the rite. Next Euandrus pariter, pariter Troiana iuuentus. 545 he went to the ships and met again with his post hinc ad nauis graditur sociosque reuisit, comrades, choosing the most outstanding in quorum de numero qui sese in bella sequantur courage to follow him to war: the others slipped praestantis uirtute legit; pars cetera prona downstream, floating effortlessly on the helpful fertur aqua segnisque secundo defluit amni, current, carrying news to Ascanius of his father and nuntia uentura Ascanio rerumque patrisque. 550 his fortunes. Horses were granted to the Trojans dantur equi Teucris Tyrrhena petentibus arua; who were to take the Tyrrhenian field: They lead ducunt exsortem Aeneae, quem fulua leonis out a choice mount for Aeneas, clothed in a tawny pellis obit totum praefulgens unguibus aureis. lion's pelt with gleaming gilded claws. A rumour Fama uolat paruam subito uulgata per urbem suddenly flew through the little town, proclaiming ocius ire equites Tyrrheni ad limina regis. 555 that horsemen were riding fast to the Tyrrhene uota metu duplicant matres, propiusque periclo king's shores. Mothers, in alarm, redoubled their it timor et maior Martis iam apparet imago. prayers, and fear drew near with danger, and now tum pater Euandrus dextram complexus euntis the war god's image loomed larger. Then old haeret inexpletus lacrimans ac talia fatur: Evander, clasping his son's hand as he departed, 'o mihi praeteritos referat si Iuppiter annos, 560 clung to him weeping incessantly and spoke as qualis eram cum primam aciem Praeneste sub ipsa follows: 'O, if Jupiter would bring back the years straui scutorumque incendi uictor aceruos that have vanished, I to be as I was when I felled et regem hac Erulum dextra sub Tartara misi, the foremost ranks under Praeneste's very walls, nascenti cui tris animas Feronia mater and as victor heaped up the shields, and sent King (horrendum dictu) dederat, terna arma mouenda— Erulus down to Tartarus, by this right hand, he to 565 whom at his birth his mother Feronia (strange to ter leto sternendus erat; cui tunc tamen omnis tell) gave three lives, triple weapons to wield – to abstulit haec animas dextra et totidem exuit armis: be three times brought low in death: who at last in a non ego nunc dulci amplexu diuellerer usquam, moment this right hand stripped of all his lives, and nate, tuo, neque finitimo Mezentius umquam equally of all his weapons: I would never be torn as huic capiti insultans tot ferro saeua dedisset 570 now from your sweet embrace, my son, never funera, tam multis uiduasset ciuibus urbem. would Mezentius have poured insults on this at uos, o superi, et diuum tu maxime rector neighbour's head, caused so many cruel deaths with Iuppiter, Arcadii, quaeso, miserescite regis the sword, or widowed the city of so many of her et patrias audite preces. si numina uestra sons. But you, powers above, and you, Jupiter, incolumem Pallanta mihi, si fata reseruant, 575 mighty ruler of the gods, take pity I beg you on this si uisurus eum uiuo et uenturus in unum, Arcadian king, and hear a father's prayer. If your uitam oro, patior quemuis durare laborem. will, and fate, keep my Pallas safe, if I live to see sin aliquem infandum casum, Fortuna, minaris, him and be together with him, I ask for life: I have nunc, nunc o liceat crudelem abrumpere uitam, the patience to endure any hardship. But if you dum curae ambiguae, dum spes incerta futuri, 580 threaten any unbearable disaster, Fortune, now, oh dum te, care puer, mea sola et sera uoluptas, now, let me break the thread of cruel existence, complexu teneo, grauior neu nuntius auris while fear hangs in doubt, while hope's uncertain of uulneret.' haec genitor digressu dicta supremo the future. while you, beloved boy, my late and fundebat; famuli conlapsum in tecta ferebant. only joy, are held in my embrace, and let no evil news wound my ears.' These were the words the father poured out at their last parting: then his servants carried him, overcome, into the palace. Lines 585-625 Venus's Gift of Armour Iamque adeo exierat portis equitatus apertis 585 And now the horsemen had ridden from the opened Aeneas inter primos et fidus Achates, gates, Aeneas, and loyal Achetes, among the first: inde alii Troiae proceres; ipse agmine Pallas then the other princes of Troy, Pallas himself it medio chlamyde et pictis conspectus in armis, travelling mid-column, notable in his cloak and qualis ubi Oceani perfusus Lucifer unda, engraved armour, like the Morning-Star, whom quem Uenus ante alios astrorum diligit ignis, 590 Venus loves above all the other starry fires, when, extulit os sacrum caelo tenebrasque resoluit. having bathed in Ocean's wave, he raises his sacred stant pauidae in muris matres oculisque sequuntur head in heaven, and melts the dark. Mothers stand pulueream nubem et fulgentis aere cateruas. fearfully on the battlements, and with their eyes olli per dumos, qua proxima meta uiarum, follow the cloud of dust, the squadrons bright with armati tendunt; it clamor, et agmine facto 595 bronze. The armed men pass through the quadripedante putrem sonitu quatit ungula undergrowth where the route is most direct: a shout campum. rises, and they form column, and with the thunder est ingens gelidum lucus prope Caeritis amnem, of their hooves shake the broken ground. There's a religione patrum late sacer; undique colles large grove by the chilly stream of Caere, held inclusere caui et nigra nemus abiete cingunt. sacred far and wide, in ancestral reverence: the Siluano fama est ueteres sacrasse Pelasgos, 600 hollow hills enclose it on all sides, and surround the aruorum pecorisque deo, lucumque diemque, wood with dark fir trees. The tale is that the ancient qui primi finis aliquando habuere Latinos. Pelasgians, who once held the Latin borders, haud procul hinc Tarcho et Tyrrheni tuta tenebant dedicated this wood and a festive day to Silvanus, castra locis, celsoque omnis de colle uideri god of the fields and the herds. Not far from here, iam poterat legio et latis tendebat in aruis. 605 Tarchon and the Tyrrhenians were camped in a safe huc pater Aeneas et bello lecta iuuentus place, and now all their troops could be seen, from succedunt, fessique et equos et corpora curant. the high ground, scattered widely over the fields. At Uenus aetherios inter dea candida nimbos Aeneas, the leader, and the young men chosen for dona ferens aderat; natumque in ualle reducta war, arrived, and refreshed their horses and their ut procul egelido secretum flumine uidit, 610 weary bodies. Then Venus, bright goddess, came talibus adfata est dictis seque obtulit ultro: bearing gifts through the ethereal clouds: and when 'en perfecta mei promissa coniugis arte she saw her son from far away who had retired in munera. ne mox aut Laurentis, nate, superbos secret to the valley by the cool stream, she went to aut acrem dubites in proelia poscere Turnum.' him herself, unasked, and spoke these words: 'See dixit, et amplexus nati Cytherea petiuit, 615 the gifts brought to perfection by my husband's arma sub aduersa posuit radiantia quercu. skill, as promised. You need not hesitate, my son, ille deae donis et tanto laetus honore to quickly challenge the proud Laurentines, or expleri nequit atque oculos per singula uoluit, fierce Turnus, to battle.' Cytherea spoke, and miraturque interque manus et bracchia uersat invited her son's embrace, and placed the shining terribilem cristis galeam flammasque uomentem, weapons under an oak tree opposite. He cannot 620 have enough of turning his gaze over each item, fatiferumque ensem, loricam ex aere rigentem, delighting in the goddess's gift and so high an sanguineam, ingentem, qualis cum caerula nubes honour, admiring, and turning the helmet over with solis inardescit radiis longeque refulget; hands and arms, with its fearsome crest and tum leuis ocreas electro auroque recocto, spouting flames, and the fateful sword, the stiff hastamque et clipei non enarrabile textum. 625 breastplate of bronze, dark-red and huge, like a bluish cloud when it's lit by the rays of the sun, and glows from afar: then the smooth greaves, of electrum and refined gold, the spear, and the shield's indescribable detail. Lines 626-670 Vulcan's Shield: Scenes of Early Rome illic res Italas Romanorumque triumphos There the lord with the power of fire, not unversed haud uatum ignarus uenturique inscius aeui in prophecy, and knowledge of the centuries to fecerat ignipotens, illic genus omne futurae come, had fashioned the history of Italy, and stirpis ab Ascanio pugnataque in ordine bella. Rome's triumphs: there was every future generation fecerat et uiridi fetam Mauortis in antro 630 of Ascanius's stock, and the sequence of battles procubuisse lupam, geminos huic ubera circum they were to fight. He had also shown the she-wolf, ludere pendentis pueros et lambere matrem having just littered, lying on the ground, in the impauidos, illam tereti ceruice reflexa green cave of Mars, the twin brothers, Romulus and mulcere alternos et corpora fingere lingua. Remus, playing, hanging on her teats, and nec procul hinc Romam et raptas sine more Sabinas fearlessly sucking at their foster-mother. Bending 635 her neck back smoothly she caressed them in turn, consessu caueae, magnis Circensibus actis, and licked their limbs with her tongue. Not far from addiderat, subitoque nouum consurgere bellum that he had placed Rome, the Sabine women, Romulidis Tatioque seni Curibusque seueris. lawlessly snatched from the seated crowd, when the post idem inter se posito certamine reges great games were held in the Circus: and the armati Iouis ante aram paterasque tenentes 640 sudden surge of fresh warfare between Romulus's stabant et caesa iungebant foedera porca. men, and the aged Tatius and his austere Cures. haud procul inde citae Mettum in diuersa quadrigae Next, the same two kings stood armed in front of distulerant (at tu dictis, Albane, maneres!), Jove's altar, holding the wine-cups and joined in raptabatque uiri mendacis uiscera Tullus league, sacrificing a sow, the new-built palace per siluam, et sparsi rorabant sanguine uepres. 645 bristling with Romulus's thatch. Then, not far from nec non Tarquinium eiectum Porsenna iubebat that, four-horse chariots driven in different accipere ingentique urbem obsidione premebat; directions tore Mettus apart (Alban, you should Aeneadae in ferrum pro libertate ruebant. have kept your word, though!), and Tullus dragged illum indignanti similem similemque minanti the liar's entrails through the woods, the briars wet aspiceres, pontem auderet quia uellere Cocles 650 with sprinkled blood. There was Porsenna too, et fluuium uinclis innaret Cloelia ruptis. ordering Rome to admit the banished Tarquin, and in summo custos Tarpeiae Manlius arcis gripping the city in a mighty siege: the scions of stabat pro templo et Capitolia celsa tenebat, Aeneas running on the sword for freedom's sake. Romuleoque recens horrebat regia culmo. You could see Porsenna in angry, and in atque hic auratis uolitans argenteus anser 655 threatening, posture, because Cocles dared to tear porticibus Gallos in limine adesse canebat; down the bridge, because Cloelia broke her Galli per dumos aderant arcemque tenebant restraints and swam the river. At the top Manlius, defensi tenebris et dono noctis opacae. guardian of the Tarpeian Citadel, stood before the aurea caesaries ollis atque aurea uestis, temple, defending the high Capitol. And there the uirgatis lucent sagulis, tum lactea colla 660 silvery goose, flying through the gilded colonnades, auro innectuntur, duo quisque Alpina coruscant cackled that the Gauls were at the gate. The Gauls gaesa manu, scutis protecti corpora longis. were there in the gorse, taking the Citadel, hic exsultantis Salios nudosque Lupercos protected by the dark, the gift of shadowy night. lanigerosque apices et lapsa ancilia caelo Their hair was gold, and their clothes were gold, extuderat, castae ducebant sacra per urbem 665 they shone in striped cloaks, their white necks pilentis matres in mollibus. hinc procul addit torqued with gold, each waving two Alpine javelins Tartareas etiam sedes, alta ostia Ditis, in his hand, long shields defending their bodies. et scelerum poenas, et te, Catilina, minaci Here he had beaten out the leaping Salii and naked pendentem scopulo Furiarumque ora trementem, Luperci, the woolly priest's caps, and the oval secretosque pios, his dantem iura Catonem. 670 shields that fell from heaven, chaste mothers in cushioned carriages leading sacred images through the city. Far from these he had added the regions of Tartarus, the high gates of Dis, the punishment for wickedness, and you Catiline, hanging from a threatening cliff, trembling at the sight of the Furies: and the good, at a distance, Cato handing out justice. Lines 671-713 Vulcan's Shield: The Battle of Actium haec inter tumidi late maris ibat imago The likeness of the swollen sea flowed everywhere aurea, sed fluctu spumabant caerula cano, among these, in gold, though the flood foamed with et circum argento clari delphines in orbem white billows, and dolphins in bright silver swept aequora uerrebant caudis aestumque secabant. the waters round about with arching tails, and cut in medio classis aeratas, Actia bella, 675 through the surge. In the centre bronze ships could cernere erat, totumque instructo Marte uideres be seen, the Battle of Actium, and you could make feruere Leucaten auroque effulgere fluctus. out all Leucate in feverish preparation for war, the hinc Augustus agens Italos in proelia Caesar waves gleaming with gold. On one side Augustus cum patribus populoque, penatibus et magnis dis, Caesar stands on the high stern, leading the Italians stans celsa in puppi, geminas cui tempora flammas to the conflict, with him the Senate, the People, the 680 household gods, the great gods, his happy brow laeta uomunt patriumque aperitur uertice sidus. shoots out twin flames, and his father's star is parte alia uentis et dis Agrippa secundis shown on his head. Elsewhere Agrippa, favoured arduus agmen agens, cui, belli insigne superbum, by the winds and the gods leads his towering tempora nauali fulgent rostrata corona. column of ships, his brow shines with the beaks of hinc ope barbarica uariisque Antonius armis, 685 the naval crown, his proud battle distinction. On the uictor ab Aurorae populis et litore rubro, other side Antony, with barbarous wealth and Aegyptum uirisque Orientis et ultima secum strange weapons, conqueror of eastern peoples and Bactra uehit, sequiturque (nefas) Aegyptia coniunx. the Indian shores, bringing Egypt, and the might of una omnes ruere ac totum spumare reductis the Orient, with him, and furthest Bactria: and his conuulsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor. 690 Egyptian consort follows him (the shame). All alta petunt; pelago credas innare reuulsas press forward together, and the whole sea foams, Cycladas aut montis concurrere montibus altos, churned by the sweeping oars and the trident rams. tanta mole uiri turritis puppibus instant. They seek deep water: you'd think the Cycladic stuppea flamma manu telisque uolatile ferrum islands were uprooted and afloat on the flood, or spargitur, arua noua Neptunia caede rubescunt. 695 high mountains clashed with mountains, so huge regina in mediis patrio uocat agmina sistro, the mass with which the men attack the towering necdum etiam geminos a tergo respicit anguis. sterns. Blazing tow and missiles of winged steel omnigenumque deum monstra et latrator Anubis shower from their hands, Neptune's fields grow red contra Neptunum et Uenerem contraque Mineruam with fresh slaughter. The queen in the centre tela tenent. saeuit medio in certamine Mauors 700 signals to her columns with the native sistrum, not caelatus ferro, tristesque ex aethere Dirae, yet turning to look at the twin snakes at her back. et scissa gaudens uadit Discordia palla, Barking Anubis, and monstrous gods of every kind quam cum sanguineo sequitur Bellona flagello. brandish weapons against Neptune, Venus, and Actius haec cernens arcum intendebat Apollo Minerva. Mars rages in the centre of the contest, desuper; omnis eo terrore Aegyptus et Indi, 705 engraved in steel, and the grim Furies in the sky, omnis Arabs, omnes uertebant terga Sabaei. and Discord in a torn robe strides joyously, while ipsa uidebatur uentis regina uocatis Bellona follows with her blood-drenched whip. uela dare et laxos iam iamque immittere funis. Apollo of Actium sees from above and bends his illam inter caedes pallentem morte futura bow: at this all Egypt, and India, all the Arabs and fecerat ignipotens undis et Iapyge ferri, 710 Sabaeans turn and flee. The queen herself is seen to contra autem magno maerentem corpore Nilum call upon the winds, set sail, and now, even now, pandentemque sinus et tota ueste uocantem spread the slackened canvas. The lord with the caeruleum in gremium latebrosaque flumina uictos. power of fire has fashioned her pallid with the coming of death, amidst the slaughter, carried onwards by the waves and wind of Iapyx, while before her is Nile, mourning with his vast extent, opening wide his bays, and, with his whole tapestry, calling the vanquished to his dark green breast, and sheltering streams. Lines 714-731 Vulcan's Shield: Augustus's Triple Triumph at Caesar, triplici inuectus Romana triumpho Next Augustus, entering the walls of Rome in triple moenia, dis Italis uotum immortale sacrabat, 715 triumph, is dedicating his immortal offering to maxima ter centum totam delubra per urbem. Italy's gods, three hundred great shrines throughout laetitia ludisque uiae plausuque fremebant; the city. The streets are ringing with joy, omnibus in templis matrum chorus, omnibus arae; playfulness, applause: a band of women in every ante aras terram caesi strauere iuuenci. temple, altars in every one: before the altars ipse sedens niueo candentis limine Phoebi 720 sacrificial steers cover the ground. He himself sits dona recognoscit populorum aptatque superbis at the snow-white threshold of shining Apollo, postibus; incedunt uictae longo ordine gentes, examines the gifts of nations, and hangs them on quam uariae linguis, habitu tam uestis et armis. the proud gates. The conquered peoples walk past hic Nomadum genus et discinctos Mulciber Afros, in a long line, as diverse in language as in weapons, hic Lelegas Carasque sagittiferosque Gelonos 725 or the fashion of their clothes. Here Vulcan has finxerat; Euphrates ibat iam mollior undis, shown the Nomad race and loose-robed Africans, extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque bicornis, there the Leleges and Carians and Gelonians with indomitique Dahae, et pontem indignatus Araxes. their quivers: Euphrates runs with quieter waves, Talia per clipeum Uolcani, dona parentis, and the Morini, remotest of mankind, the double- miratur rerumque ignarus imagine gaudet 730 horned Rhine, the untamed Dahae, and Araxes, attollens umero famamque et fata nepotum. resenting its restored bridge. Aeneas marvels at such things on Vulcan's shield, his mother's gift, and delights in the images, not recognising the future events, lifting to his shoulder the glory and the destiny of his heirs. BOOK IX
Lines 1-24 Iris Urges Turnus to War Atque ea diuersa penitus dum parte geruntur, While all these things were happening in various Irim de caelo misit Saturnia Iuno places, Saturnian Juno sent Iris from heaven to audacem ad Turnum. luco tum forte parentis brave Turnus, who chanced to be sitting in a sacred Pilumni Turnus sacrata ualle sedebat. valley, a grove to Pilumnus his father. To him ad quem sic roseo Thaumantias ore locuta est: 5 Thaumas's daughter spoke, from her rosy lips: 'Turne, quod optanti diuum promittere nemo 'Turnus, see, the circling days, unasked, have auderet, uoluenda dies en attulit ultro. brought what you wished, but what no god dared to Aeneas urbe et sociis et classe relicta promise. Aeneas leaving the city, his friends and sceptra Palatini sedemque petit Euandri. ships, seeks the Palatine kingdom, and Evander's nec satis: extremas Corythi penetrauit ad urbes 10 house. Unsatisfied he has reached Corythus's Lydorumque manum, collectos armat agrestis. furthest cities, and, gathering men from the quid dubitas? nunc tempus equos, nunc poscere country, arms Lydian troops. Why wait? Now is the currus. time to call on horse and chariot. End all delays: rumpe moras omnis et turbata arripe castra.' seize their camp, in its confusion.' She spoke, and dixit, et in caelum paribus se sustulit alis rose into the sky on level wings, tracing a vast arc ingentemque fuga secuit sub nubibus arcum. 15 against the clouds in her flight. The youth knew agnouit iuuenis duplicisque ad sidera palmas her, raised both his hands to the heavens, and sent sustulit ac tali fugientem est uoce secutus: these words after her as she flew: 'Iris, glory of the 'Iri, decus caeli, quis te mihi nubibus actam sky, who sent you down through the clouds, to me, detulit in terras? unde haec tam clara repente on earth? Where does this sudden bright moment tempestas? medium uideo discedere caelum 20 spring from? I see the sky split apart at its zenith, palantisque polo stellas. sequor omina tanta, and the stars that roam the pole. I follow so mighty quisquis in arma uocas.' et sic effatus ad undam an omen, whoever calls me to arms.' Saying this he processit summoque hausit de gurgite lymphas went to the river and scooped water from the multa deos orans, onerauitque aethera uotis. surface of the stream, calling often to the gods, and weighting the air with prayers. Lines 25-76 Turnus Attacks the Trojan Fleet Iamque omnis campis exercitus ibat apertis 25 Now the whole army, rich in horses, rich in ornate diues equum, diues pictai uestis et auri; clothes, and gold, was engaged in moving over the Messapus primas acies, postrema coercent open fields: Messapus controlling the front ranks, Tyrrhidae iuuenes, medio dux agmine Turnus: Tyrrhus's sons the rear, Turnus, the leader, in the ceu septem surgens sedatis amnibus altus 30 centre of the line: like the deep Ganges, swelling in per tacitum Ganges aut pingui flumine Nilus silence, through his seven placid streams, or Nile cum refluit campis et iam se condidit alueo. when his rich stream inundates the fields, soon hic subitam nigro glomerari puluere nubem sinking down into his course. The Trojans suddenly prospiciunt Teucri ac tenebras insurgere campis. see a black dust cloud gathering there, and darkness primus ab aduersa conclamat mole Caicus: 35 rising over the plain. Caicus shouted first from the 'quis globus, o ciues, caligine uoluitur atra? forward rampart: 'What's that rolling mass of black ferte citi ferrum, date tela, ascendite muros, fog, countrymen? Bring your swords, quickly: hand hostis adest, heia!' ingenti clamore per omnis out spears: mount the walls: ah, the enemy is here!' condunt se Teucri portas et moenia complent. With a great clamour the Trojans retreated through namque ita discedens praeceperat optimus armis 40 the gates, and filled the ramparts. For Aeneas, Aeneas: si qua interea fortuna fuisset, wisest in warfare, had commanded, on leaving, if neu struere auderent aciem neu credere campo; anything chanced in the meantime, they were not to castra modo et tutos seruarent aggere muros. dare to form ranks or trust themselves to the open ergo etsi conferre manum pudor iraque monstrat, field: they were only to guard the camp and walls, obiciunt portas tamen et praecepta facessunt, 45 safe behind the ramparts. So, though anger and armatique cauis exspectant turribus hostem. shame counselled the troops to fight, still they shut Turnus, ut ante uolans tardum praecesserat agmen the gates and followed his orders, awaiting the uiginti lectis equitum comitatus et urbi enemy, armed, within their hollow turrets. But improuisus adest, maculis quem Thracius albis Turnus had galloped forward ahead of his slow portat equus cristaque tegit galea aurea rubra, 50 column, accompanied by twenty chosen horsemen, 'ecquis erit mecum, iuuenes, qui primus in and reached the city unexpectedly: a piebald hostem—? Thracian horse carried him, a golden helmet with a en,' ait et iaculum attorquens emittit in auras, crimson crest protected his head. 'Men,' he shouted, principium pugnae, et campo sese arduus infert. 'is there anyone who'll be first with me among the clamorem excipiunt socii fremituque sequuntur enemy – ? Look,' and twirling a javelin sent it horrisono; Teucrum mirantur inertia corda, 55 skyward to start the fight, and rode proudly over non aequo dare se campo, non obuia ferre the field. His friends welcomed him with a shout, arma uiros, sed castra fouere. huc turbidus atque and followed with fearful battle-cries: marvelling at huc the Trojan's dull souls, not trusting themselves to a lustrat equo muros aditumque per auia quaerit. level field, nor facing men carrying weapons, but ac ueluti pleno lupus insidiatus ouili hugging the camp. He rode to and fro wildly round cum fremit ad caulas uentos perpessus et imbris 60 the walls, seeking a way in where there was none. nocte super media; tuti sub matribus agni Like a wolf, lying in wait by a full sheepfold, that balatum exercent, ille asper et improbus ira snarls by the pens at midnight, enduring the wind saeuit in absentis; collecta fatigat edendi and rain, the lambs bleating safe beneath their ex longo rabies et siccae sanguine fauces: mothers, and rages against the prey out of reach, haud aliter Rutulo muros et castra tuenti 65 fierce and persistent in its anger, tormented by its ignescunt irae, duris dolor ossibus ardet. dry, bloodless jaws, and the fierceness of its long- qua temptet ratione aditus, et quae uia clausos increasing hunger: so as Turnus scanned the wall excutiat Teucros uallo atque effundat in aequum? and camp, the Rutulian's anger was alight, and classem, quae lateri castrorum adiuncta latebat, indignation burned in his harsh marrow. How could aggeribus saeptam circum et fluuialibus undis, 70 he try and enter, and hurl the penned-up Trojans inuadit sociosque incendia poscit ouantis from their rampart, and scatter them over the plain? atque manum pinu flagranti feruidus implet. He attacked the ships, that lay close to a flank of tum uero incumbunt (urget praesentia Turni), the camp, defended by earthworks, and the flowing atque omnis facibus pubes accingitur atris. river, calling out to his exultant friends for fire, and diripuere focos: piceum fert fumida lumen 75 fervently grasped a blazing pine-brand in his hand. taeda et commixtam Uolcanus ad astra fauillam Then they set to (urged on by Turnus's presence) and all the men armed themselves with dark torches. They stripped the hearths: the smoking branches threw a pitchy glow, and Vulcan hurled the cloud of ashes to heaven. Lines 77-106 Cybele Makes a Plea to Jove Quis deus, o Musae, tam saeua incendia Teucris O Muse, what god, turned away such fierce flames auertit? tantos ratibus quis depulit ignis? from the Trojans? Who drove such savage fires dicite: prisca fides facto, sed fama perennis. from the ships? Tell me: belief in the story's tempore quo primum Phrygia formabat in Ida 80 ancient, its fame is eternal. In the days when Aeneas classem et pelagi petere alta parabat, Aeneas first built his fleet on Phrygian Ida and ipsa deum fertur genetrix Berecyntia magnum prepared to set out over the deep ocean, they say uocibus his adfata Iouem: 'da, nate, petenti, the Mother of the gods herself, Berecyntian Cybele, quod tua cara parens domito te poscit Olympo. spoke so to great Jupiter: 'My son, lord of Olympus, pinea silua mihi multos dilecta per annos, 85 grant what your dear mother asks of you in request. lucus in arce fuit summa, quo sacra ferebant, There was a pine-forest a delight to me for many nigranti picea trabibusque obscurus acernis. years a grove on the summit of the mountain, has ego Dardanio iuueni, cum classis egeret, where they brought offerings, dark with blackened laeta dedi; nunc sollicitam timor anxius angit. firs and maple trunks. I gave these gladly to the solue metus atque hoc precibus sine posse Trojan youth, since he lacked a fleet: now, parentem, 90 troubled, anxious fear torments me. Relieve my ne cursu quassatae ullo neu turbine uenti fears, and let your mother by her prayers ensure uincantur: prosit nostris in montibus ortas.' they are not destroyed, shattered by voyaging or filius huic contra, torquet qui sidera mundi: violent storm: let their origin on our mountain be of 'o genetrix, quo fata uocas? aut quid petis istis? aid to them.' Her son, who turns the starry globe, mortaline manu factae immortale carinae 95 replied: 'O, my mother, to what do you summon fas habeant? certusque incerta pericula lustret fate? What do you seek for them? Should keels Aeneas? cui tanta deo permissa potestas? made by mortal hands have eternal rights? Should immo, ubi defunctae finem portusque tenebunt Aeneas travel in certainty through uncertain Ausonios olim, quaecumque euaserit undis dangers? To what god are such powers permitted? Dardaniumque ducem Laurentia uexerit arua, 100 No, one day when they've served their purpose, and mortalem eripiam formam magnique iubebo reached an Italian haven, I'll take away, from those aequoris esse deas, qualis Nereia Doto that escape the waves, and bear the Trojan chief to et Galatea secant spumantem pectore pontum.' Laurentine fields, their mortal shape, and command dixerat idque ratum Stygii per flumina fratris, them to be goddesses of the vast ocean, like Doto, per pice torrentis atraque uoragine ripas 105 Nereus's child, and Galatea, who part the foaming adnuit, et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum. sea with their breasts.' He spoke, and swore his assent, by his Stygian brother's rivers, by the banks that seethe with pitch on the black abyss, and with his nod shook all Olympus. Lines 107-121 Cybele Transforms the Ships Ergo aderat promissa dies et tempora Parcae So the day he had promised came, and the Fates debita complerant, cum Turni iniuria Matrem fulfilled their appointed hour, when Turnus's injury admonuit ratibus sacris depellere taedas. to the sacred fleet prompted the Mother to defend hic primum noua lux oculis offulsit et ingens 110 them from the flames. At first a strange light flared uisus ab Aurora caelum transcurrere nimbus to the watchers, and a huge cloud was seen to travel Idaeique chori; tum uox horrenda per auras across the sky from the east, with bands of her excidit et Troum Rutulorumque agmina complet: Idaean attendants: then a terrible voice rang 'ne trepidate meas, Teucri, defendere nauis through the air, echoing among the Trojan and neue armate manus; maria ante exurere Turno 115 Rutulian lines: 'Trojans, don't rush to defend the quam sacras dabitur pinus. uos ite solutae, ships, or take up arms. Turnus can burn the ocean, ite deae pelagi; genetrix iubet.' et sua quaeque sooner than my sacred pines. Go free, you continuo puppes abrumpunt uincula ripis Goddesses of the sea: your mother commands it.' delphinumque modo demersis aequora rostris And at once each ship tore her cable loose from the ima petunt. hinc uirgineae (mirabile monstrum) 120 bank: they dipped their noses like dolphins, and quot prius aeratae steterant ad litora prorae sought the watery deep. Then (strange wonder) as reddunt se totidem facies pontoque feruntur. many virgin shapes re-surfaced, and swam about the sea. Lines 123-167 Turnus Lays Siege to the Camp Obstipuere animis Rutuli, conterritus ipse The Rutulians were amazed in mind, Messapus turbatis Messapus equis, cunctatur et amnis himself was awe-struck, his horses panicked: and rauca sonans reuocatque pedem Tiberinus ab alto. even the noisy flow of the river halted, as Tiber 125 retreated from the deep. But brave Turnus's at non audaci Turno fiducia cessit; confidence never wavered: and he raised their ultro animos tollit dictis atque increpat ultro: spirits as well, and chided them: 'These marvels are 'Troianos haec monstra petunt, his Iuppiter ipse aimed at the Trojans, Jupiter himself has deprived auxilium solitum eripuit: non tela neque ignis them of their usual allies: those didn't wait for exspectant Rutulos. ergo maria inuia Teucris, 130 Rutulian missiles and fires. So the seas are nec spes ulla fugae: rerum pars altera adempta est, impassable for the Trojans, and they have no hope terra autem in nostris manibus, tot milia gentes of flight: other regions are lost to them, and this arma ferunt Italae. nil me fatalia terrent, land is in our hands, so many thousands of Italy's si qua Phryges prae se iactant, responsa deorum; peoples are in arms. I'm not afraid of all the fateful sat fatis Uenerique datum, tetigere quod arua 135 omens from the gods these Phrygians openly boast fertilis Ausoniae Troes. sunt et mea contra of: enough has been granted to Venus and the fata mihi, ferro sceleratam exscindere gentem Fates, since the Trojans have reached Ausonia's coniuge praerepta; nec solos tangit Atridas fertile fields. I have my own counter destiny, to iste dolor, solisque licet capere arma Mycenis. root out the guilty race, that has snatched my bride, "sed periisse semel satis est": peccare fuisset 140 with the sword. That's a sorrow that doesn't touch ante satis, penitus modo non genus omne perosos Atrides alone, nor is Mycenae alone allowed to take femineum. quibus haec medii fiducia ualli up arms. 'But to die once is enough.'? To have fossarumque morae, leti discrimina parua, sinned before should be enough for these men, to dant animos; at non uiderunt moenia Troiae whom confidence in a dividing wall, and slight Neptuni fabricata manu considere in ignis? 145 obstacles to death, defensive moats, grant courage, sed uos, o lecti, ferro qui scindere uallum to utterly detest well-nigh the whole tribe of apparat et mecum inuadit trepidantia castra? women. Did they not witness the work of Neptune's non armis mihi Uolcani, non mille carinis hands, the battlements of Troy, sink in flames? But est opus in Teucros. addant se protinus omnes you, O chosen ones, which of you is ready to Etrusci socios. tenebras et inertia furta 150 uproot the ramparts with your steel, and invade Palladii caesis late custodibus arcis their terrified camp with me? I don't need Vulcan's ne timeant, nec equi caeca condemur in aluo: arms, or a thousand ships, against Trojans. Let all luce palam certum est igni circumdare muros. Etruria join them now in alliance. They need not haud sibi cum Danais rem faxo et pube Pelasga fear darkness, or cowardly theft 'of their Palladium, esse ferant, decimum quos distulit Hector in killing guards on the citadel's heights', we won't annum. 155 hide in the dark belly of a horse: I intend to circle nunc adeo, melior quoniam pars acta diei, their walls in broad daylight with fire. I'll make quod superest, laeti bene gestis corpora rebus them concede its not Greeks, Pelasgic youth, procurate, uiri, et pugnam sperate parari.' they're dealing with, whom Hector held till the interea uigilum excubiis obsidere portas tenth year. Now, since the best part of the day's cura datur Messapo et moenia cingere flammis. 160 gone, men, refresh yourselves with what's left, bis septem Rutuli muros qui milite seruent pleased with work well done, and look forward to delecti, ast illos centeni quemque sequuntur starting the battle. Meanwhile the order was given purpurei cristis iuuenes auroque corusci. to Messapus to picket the gates alertly with sentries discurrunt uariantque uices, fusique per herbam and ring the ramparts with flames. Fourteen indulgent uino et uertunt crateras aenos. 165 Rutulians were chosen to guard the walls with their conlucent ignes, noctem custodia ducit men, each with a hundred soldiers under them, insomnem ludo. purple-plumed and glittering with gold. They ran about, took turns on watch, or lifted the bronze bowls and enjoyed their wine, stretched out on the grass. The fires shone, while the guards spent the watchful night in games. Lines 168-223 Nisus and Euryalus: A Mission Proposed Haec super e uallo prospectant Troes et armis The armed Trojans held the heights, looking down alta tenent, nec non trepidi formidine portas on this from above, and also with anxious fears, explorant pontisque et propugnacula iungunt, 170 checked the gates, built bulwarks and bridges, and tela gerunt. instat Mnestheus acerque Serestus, disposed their weapons. Mnestheus and brave quos pater Aeneas, si quando aduersa uocarent, Serestus, whom Aeneas their leader appointed to rectores iuuenum et rerum dedit esse magistros. command the army and state, if adversity ever omnis per muros legio sortita periclum required it, urged them on. Sharing the risk, the excubat exercetque uices, quod cuique tuendum est. whole company kept watch and served in turn, at 175 whatever point was to be guarded by each. Nisus, Nisus erat portae custos, acerrimus armis, bravest of warriors, son of Hyrtacus, was a guard at Hyrtacides, comitem Aeneae quem miserat Ida the gates, he whom Ida the huntress had sent to uenatrix iaculo celerem leuibusque sagittis, accompany Aeneas, agile with javelin and light et iuxta comes Euryalus, quo pulchrior alter darts, and Euryalus was with him, than whom none non fuit Aeneadum Troiana neque induit arma, 180 was more beautiful among the Aenedae, or wearing ora puer prima signans intonsa iuuenta. Trojan armour, a boy, whose unshaven face, his amor unus erat pariterque in bella ruebant; showed the first bloom of youth. One love was tum quoque communi portam statione tenebant. theirs, and they charged side by side into battle: Nisus ait: 'dine hunc ardorem mentibus addunt, now they were also guarding the gate at the same Euryale, an sua cuique deus fit dira cupido? 185 sentry-post. Nisus said: 'Euryalus, do the gods set aut pugnam aut aliquid iamdudum inuadere this fire in our hearts, or does each man's fatal magnum desire become godlike to him? My mind has long mens agitat mihi, nec placida contenta quiete est. urged me to rush to battle, or high adventure, and is cernis quae Rutulos habeat fiducia rerum: not content with peace and quiet. You see what lumina rara micant, somno uinoque soluti confidence the Rutulians have in events: their lights procubuere, silent late loca. percipe porro 190 shine far apart, and they lie drowned in sleep and quid dubitem et quae nunc animo sententia surgat. wine, everywhere is quiet. Listen to what I'm now Aenean acciri omnes, populusque patresque, thinking, and what purpose comes to mind. The exposcunt, mittique uiros qui certa reportent. army and the council all demand Aeneas be si tibi quae posco promittunt (nam mihi facti recalled, and men be sent to report the facts to him. fama sat est), tumulo uideor reperire sub illo 195 If they were to grant what I suggest to you (the posse uiam ad muros et moenia Pallantea.' glory of doing it is enough for me) I think I could obstipuit magno laudum percussus amore find a way, beyond that hill, to the walls and Euryalus, simul his ardentem adfatur amicum: ramparts of Pallanteum.' Euryalus was dazzled, 'mene igitur socium summis adiungere rebus, struck by a great desire for glory, and replied to his Nise, fugis? solum te in tanta pericula mittam? 200 ardent friend at once, like this: 'Nisus, do you shun non ita me genitor, bellis adsuetus Opheltes, my joining in this great deed, then? Shall I send Argolicum terrorem inter Troiaeque labores you into such danger alone? That's not how my sublatum erudiit, nec tecum talia gessi father Opheltes, seasoned in war, educated me, magnanimum Aenean et fata extrema secutus: raising me among Greek terrors and Troy's ordeals, est hic, est animus lucis contemptor et istum 205 nor have I conducted myself so with you, following qui uita bene credat emi, quo tendis, honorem.' noble Aeneas and the ends of fate. This is my spirit, Nisus ad haec: 'equidem de te nil tale uerebar, one scornful of the day, that thinks the honour you nec fas; non ita me referat tibi magnus ouantem aim at well bought with life itself.' Nisus replied: Iuppiter aut quicumque oculis haec aspicit aequis. 'Indeed I had no such doubts of you, that would be sed si quis (quae multa uides discrimine tali) 210 wrong: not so will great Jupiter, or whoever looks si quis in aduersum rapiat casusue deusue, at this action with favourable gaze, bring me back te superesse uelim, tua uita dignior aetas. to you in triumph: but if (as you often see in such sit qui me raptum pugna pretioue redemptum crises) if chance or some god sweeps me to mandet humo, solita aut si qua id Fortuna uetabit, disaster, I want you to survive: your youth is more absenti ferat inferias decoretque sepulcro. 215 deserving of life. Let there be someone to entrust neu matri miserae tanti sim causa doloris, me to earth, my body rescued from conflict, or quae te sola, puer, multis e matribus ausa ransomed for a price, or if Fortune denies the persequitur, magni nec moenia curat Acestae.' customary rites, to perform them in my absence, ille autem: 'causas nequiquam nectis inanis and honour me with a stone. And don't let me be a nec mea iam mutata loco sententia cedit. 220 cause of grief to your poor mother, my boy, who acceleremus' ait, uigiles simul excitat. illi alone among many mothers dared to follow you, succedunt seruantque uices; statione relicta without thought of staying in great Acestes's city.' ipse comes Niso graditur regemque requirunt. But the lad said: 'You weave your excuses in vain, my purpose won't change or yield to yours. Let's hurry', and he roused guards, who came up to take their place: leaving his post he walked by Nisus's side to seek the prince. Lines 224-313 Nisus and Euryalus: Aletes Consents Cetera per terras omnis animalia somno Every other creature, throughout the land, was laxabant curas et corda oblita laborum: 225 easing its cares with sleep, its heart forgetful of toil: ductores Teucrum primi, delecta iuuentus, the Trojans' chief captains, the pick of their consilium summis regni de rebus habebant, manhood, were holding council on the most serious quid facerent quisue Aeneae iam nuntius esset. affairs of state, what to do, and who should go now stant longis adnixi hastis et scuta tenentes as messenger to Aeneas. They stood, between the castrorum et campi medio. tum Nisus et una 230 camp and the plain, leaning on their long spears, Euryalus confestim alacres admittier orant: holding their shields. Nisus and Euryalus, together, rem magnam pretiumque morae fore. primus Iulus begged eagerly to be admitted at once: the matter accepit trepidos ac Nisum dicere iussit. being important, and worth the delay. Iulus was tum sic Hyrtacides: 'audite o mentibus aequis first to welcome the impatient pair, and ordered Aeneadae, neue haec nostris spectentur ab annis Nisus to speak. So the son of Hyrtacus said: 235 'Followers of Aeneas, listen with fair minds, and quae ferimus. Rutuli somno uinoque soluti don't judge my words by our years. The Rutulians conticuere. locum insidiis conspeximus ipsi, are quiet, drowned in sleep and wine. We ourselves qui patet in biuio portae quae proxima ponto. have seen a place for a sortie: it opens in a fork of interrupti ignes aterque ad sidera fumus the road by the nearest gate to the sea. There's a gap erigitur. si fortuna permittitis uti 240 between the fires, and black smoke rises to the quaesitum Aenean et moenia Pallantea, stars. If you allow us to seize the chance, you'll mox hic cum spoliis ingenti caede peracta soon see us back again burdened with spoils after adfore cernetis. nec nos uia fallit euntis: carrying out vast slaughter. The road will not uidimus obscuris primam sub uallibus urbem deceive us as we seek Aeneas and Pallanteum's uenatu adsiduo et totum cognouimus amnem.' 245 walls. In our frequent hunting through the secret hic annis grauis atque animi maturus Aletes: valleys we've seen the outskirts of the city, and 'di patrii, quorum semper sub numine Troia est, know the whole river.' To this Aletes, heavy with non tamen omnino Teucros delere paratis, years and wise in mind, replied: 'Gods of our cum talis animos iuuenum et tam certa tulistis fathers, under whose power Troy lies, you do not pectora.' sic memorans umeros dextrasque tenebat intend to obliterate the Trojan race as yet since you 250 bring us such courage in our young men and such amborum et uultum lacrimis atque ora rigabat. firm hearts.' So saying, he took them both by the 'quae uobis, quae digna, uiri, pro laudibus istis shoulder and hand while tears flooded his cheeks praemia posse rear solui? pulcherrima primum and lips. 'What possible prize could I consider di moresque dabunt uestri: tum cetera reddet worthy to be granted you men for such a glorious actutum pius Aeneas atque integer aeui 255 action? The gods and tradition will give you the Ascanius meriti tanti non immemor umquam.' first and most beautiful one: then good Aeneas, and 'immo ego uos, cui sola salus genitore reducto,' Ascanius, who's untouched by the years and never excipit Ascanius 'per magnos, Nise, penatis unmindful of such service, will immediately award Assaracique larem et canae penetralia Uestae the rest.' Ascanius interrupted: 'Rather I entreat you obtestor, quaecumque mihi fortuna fidesque est, both, Nisus, since my well-being depends on my 260 father's return, by the great gods of our house, by in uestris pono gremiis. reuocate parentem, the Lar of Assaracus, and by grey-haired Vesta's reddite conspectum; nihil illo triste recepto. innermost shrine, I lay all my fortune and my bina dabo argento perfecta atque aspera signis promise in your lap, call my father back, give me a pocula, deuicta genitor quae cepit Arisba, sight of him: there's no sorrow if he's restored. I'll et tripodas geminos, auri duo magna talenta, 265 give you a pair of wine-cups, all of silver, with cratera antiquum quem dat Sidonia Dido. figures in relief, that my father captured when si uero capere Italiam sceptrisque potiri Arisba was taken, and twin tripods, two large contigerit uictori et praedae dicere sortem, talents of gold, and an antique bowl Sidonian Dido uidisti, quo Turnus equo, quibus ibat in armis gave me. If we truly manage to capture Italy, and aureus; ipsum illum, clipeum cristasque rubentis take the sceptre, and assign the spoils by lot, you 270 have seen the horse golden Turnus rode, and the excipiam sorti, iam nunc tua praemia, Nise. armour he wore, I'll separate from this moment, praeterea bis sex genitor lectissima matrum from the lots, that same horse, the shield, and the corpora captiuosque dabit suaque omnibus arma, crimson plumes as your reward, Nisus. Moreover insuper his campi quod rex habet ipse Latinus. my father will give you twelve women of choicest te uero, mea quem spatiis propioribus aetas 275 person, and male captives all with their own insequitur, uenerande puer, iam pectore toto armour, and, beyond that, whatever land King accipio et comitem casus complector in omnis. Latinus owns himself. But now I truly welcome nulla meis sine te quaeretur gloria rebus: you wholly to my heart, Euryalus, a boy to be seu pacem seu bella geram, tibi maxima rerum revered, whose age I come closer to in time, and uerborumque fides.' contra quem talia fatur 280 embrace you as a friend for every occasion. I'll Euryalus: 'me nulla dies tam fortibus ausis never seek glory in my campaigns without you: dissimilem arguerit; tantum fortuna secunda whether I enjoy peace or war, you'll have my haud aduersa cadat. sed te super omnia dona firmest trust in word and action.' Euryalus spoke unum oro: genetrix Priami de gente uetusta like this in reply: 'No day will ever find me est mihi, quam miseram tenuit non Ilia tellus 285 separated from such bold action: inasmuch as mecum excedentem, non moenia regis Acestae. fortune proves kind and not cruel. But I ask one gift hanc ego nunc ignaram huius quodcumque pericli above all from you: I have a mother, of Priam's inque salutatam linquo (nox et tua testis ancient race, unhappy woman, whom neither the dextera), quod nequeam lacrimas perferre parentis. land of Troy, nor King Acestes's city could keep at tu, oro, solare inopem et succurre relictae. 290 from accompanying me. I leave her now, ignorant hanc sine me spem ferre tui, audentior ibo of whatever risk to me there might be, and of my in casus omnis.' percussa mente dedere farewell, since ( this night and your right hand bear Dardanidae lacrimas, ante omnis pulcher Iulus, witness) I could not bear a mother's tears. But I beg atque animum patriae strinxit pietatis imago. you, comfort her helplessness and aid her loss. Let tum sic effatur: 295 me carry this hope I place in you with me, I will 'sponde digna tuis ingentibus omnia coeptis. meet all dangers more boldly.' Their spirits namque erit ista mihi genetrix nomenque Creusae affected, the Trojans shed tears, noble Iulus above solum defuerit, nec partum gratia talem all, and this image of filial love touched his heart. parua manet. casus factum quicumque sequentur, Then he said: 'Be sure I'll do everything worthy of per caput hoc iuro, per quod pater ante solebat: 300 your great venture. She'll be as my mother to me, quae tibi polliceor reduci rebusque secundis, only lacking her name Creusa: no small gratitude's haec eadem matrique tuae generique manebunt.' due to her for bearing such a son. Whatever the sic ait inlacrimans; umero simul exuit ensem outcome of your action, I swear by this life, by auratum, mira quem fecerat arte Lycaon which my father used once to swear: what I Cnosius atque habilem uagina aptarat eburna. 305 promised to you when you return, your campaign dat Niso Mnestheus pellem horrentisque leonis successful, that same will accrue to your mother exuuias, galeam fidus permutat Aletes. and your house.' So he spoke, in tears: and at the protinus armati incedunt; quos omnis euntis same time stripped the gilded sword from his primorum manus ad portas, iuuenumque senumque, shoulder, that Lycaon of Cnossos had made with prosequitur uotis. nec non et pulcher Iulus, 310 marvellous art, and equipped for use with an ivory ante annos animumque gerens curamque uirilem, sheath. Mnestheus gave Nisus a pelt, taken from a multa patri mandata dabat portanda; sed aurae shaggy lion, loyal Aletes exchanged helmets. They omnia discerpunt et nubibus inrita donant. armed, and left immediately: and the whole band of leaders, young and old, escorted them to the gate as they went, with prayers. And noble Iulus too, with mature mind and duties beyond his years, gave them many commissions to carry to his father: but the winds were to scatter them all, and blow them vainly to the clouds. Lines 314-366 Nisus and Euryalus: The Raid Egressi superant fossas noctisque per umbram Leaving, they crossed the ditches, seeking the castra inimica petunt, multis tamen ante futuri 315 enemy camp in the shadow of night, destined yet to exitio. passim somno uinoque per herbam first bring many deaths. They saw bodies in corpora fusa uident, arrectos litore currus, drunken sleep, stretched here and there on the inter lora rotasque uiros, simul arma iacere, grass, chariots tilted upwards on the shore, men, uina simul. prior Hyrtacides sic ore locutus: among wheels and harness, and weapons and wine- 'Euryale, audendum dextra: nunc ipsa uocat res. cups lying about. Nisus, Hyrtacus's son, spoke first, 320 saying: 'Euryalus, now the occasion truly calls for a hac iter est. tu, ne qua manus se attollere nobis daring right hand. This is our road. You must see a tergo possit, custodi et consule longe; that no arm's raised against us at our back, and keep haec ego uasta dabo et lato te limite ducam.' watch carefully: I'll deal destruction here, and cut sic memorat uocemque premit, simul ense you a wide path.' So he spoke, and checked his superbum speech, and at once drove his sword at proud Rhamnetem adgreditur, qui forte tapetibus altis 325 Rhamnes, who chanced to be breathing deeply in exstructus toto proflabat pectore somnum, sleep, piled with thick coverlets, He was King rex idem et regi Turno gratissimus augur, Turnus's best-beloved augur, and a king himself, sed non augurio potuit depellere pestem. but he could not avert destruction with augury. tris iuxta famulos temere inter tela iacentis Nisus killed three of his servants nearby, lying armigerumque Remi premit aurigamque sub ipsis careless among their weapons, and Remus's armour 330 bearer, and his charioteer, found at the horses' feet: nactus equis ferroque secat pendentia colla. he severed lolling necks with his sword. Then he tum caput ipsi aufert domino truncumque relinquit struck off the head of their lord himself, and left the sanguine singultantem; atro tepefacta cruore trunk spurting blood, the ground and the bed terra torique madent. nec non Lamyrumque drenched with dark warm blood. And Lamyrus too, Lamumque and Lamum, and young Serranus, noted for his et iuuenem Serranum, illa qui plurima nocte 335 beauty, who had sported much that night, and lay luserat, insignis facie, multoque iacebat there limbs drowned by much wine – happy if he'd membra deo uictus—felix, si protinus illum carried on his game all night till dawn: So a aequasset nocti ludum in lucemque tulisset: starving lion churning through a full sheepfold, impastus ceu plena leo per ouilia turbans (driven by its raging hunger) gnaws and tears at the (suadet enim uesana fames) manditque trahitque feeble flock mute with fear, and roars from its 340 bloodstained mouth. Nor was Euryalus's slaughter molle pecus mutumque metu, fremit ore cruento. any less: he too raged, ablaze, and among the nec minor Euryali caedes; incensus et ipse nameless crowd he attacked Fadus, and Herbesus, perfurit ac multam in medio sine nomine plebem, and Abaris, while they were unconscious: and Fadumque Herbesumque subit Rhoetumque Rhoetus, but Rhoetus was awake and saw it all, but Abarimque crouched in fear behind a huge wine-bowl. As he ignaros; Rhoetum uigilantem et cuncta uidentem, rose, in close encounter, Euryalus plunged his 345 whole blade into Rhoetus's chest, and withdrew it sed magnum metuens se post cratera tegebat. red with death. Rhoetus choked out his life in dark pectore in aduerso totum cui comminus ensem blood, and, dying, brought up wine mixed with condidit adsurgenti et multa morte recepit. gore: the other pressed on fervently and stealthily. purpuream uomit ille animam et cum sanguine Now he approached Messapus's followers: there he mixta saw the outermost fires flickering, and the horses, uina refert moriens, hic furto feruidus instat. 350 duly tethered, cropping the grass: Nisus (seeing iamque ad Messapi socios tendebat; ibi ignem him carried away by slaughter and love of the deficere extremum et religatos rite uidebat sword's power) said briefly: 'Let's go, since carpere gramen equos, breuiter cum talia Nisus unhelpful dawn is near. Enough: vengeance has (sensit enim nimia caede atque cupidine ferri) been satisfied: a path has been made through the 'absistamus' ait, 'nam lux inimica propinquat. 355 enemy.' They left behind many of the men's poenarum exhaustum satis est, uia facta per hostis.' weapons fashioned from solid silver, and wine- multa uirum solido argento perfecta relinquunt bowls and splendid hangings. Euryalus snatched armaque craterasque simul pulchrosque tapetas. Rhamnes's trappings, and gold-studded sword-belt, Euryalus phaleras Rhamnetis et aurea bullis gifts that wealthy Caedicus had once sent to cingula, Tiburti Remulo ditissimus olim 360 Remulus of Tibur, expressing friendship in quae mittit dona, hospitio cum iungeret absens, absence: he when dying gave them to his grandson Caedicus; ille suo moriens dat habere nepoti; as his own, and after his death in turn the Rutulians post mortem bello Rutuli pugnaque potiti: captured them during the war in battle: now haec rapit atque umeris nequiquam fortibus aptat. Euryalus fitted them over his brave shoulders, tum galeam Messapi habilem cristisque decoram though in vain. Then he put on Messapus's 365 excellent helmet with its handsome plumes. The induit. excedunt castris et tuta capessunt. left the camp and headed for safety. Lines 367-458 The Death of Euryalus and Nisus Interea praemissi equites ex urbe Latina, Meanwhile riders arrived, sent out from the Latin cetera dum legio campis instructa moratur, city, while the rest of the army waited in readiness, ibant et Turno regi responsa ferebant, on the plain, bringing a reply for King Turnus: ter centum, scutati omnes, Uolcente magistro. 370 three hundred, carrying shields, led by Volcens. iamque propinquabant castris murosque subibant They were already near the camp, and below the cum procul hos laeuo flectentis limite cernunt, walls, when they saw the two men turning down a et galea Euryalum sublustri noctis in umbra path on the left: his helmet, gleaming in the shadow prodidit immemorem radiisque aduersa refulsit. of night, betrayed the unthinking Euryalus, and haud temere est uisum. conclamat ab agmine reflected back the rays. It was not seen in vain. Uolcens: 375 Volcens shouted from his column: 'You men, halt, 'state, uiri. quae causa uiae? quiue estis in armis? what's the reason for your journey? Who are you, quoue tenetis iter?' nihil illi tendere contra, you're armed? Where are you off to?' They offered sed celerare fugam in siluas et fidere nocti. no response, but hastened their flight to the woods, obiciunt equites sese ad diuortia nota trusting to the dark. The riders closed off the hinc atque hinc, omnemque aditum custode known junctions, on every side, and surrounded coronant. 380 each exit route with guards. The forest spread out silua fuit late dumis atque ilice nigra widely, thick with brambles and holm-oaks, the horrida, quam densi complerant undique sentes; dense thorns filling it on every side: there the path rara per occultos lucebat semita callis. glinted through the secret glades. Euryalus was Euryalum tenebrae ramorum onerosaque praeda hampered by shadowy branches, and the weight of impediunt, fallitque timor regione uiarum. 385 his plunder, and his fear confused the path's Nisus abit; iamque imprudens euaserat hostis direction. Nisus was clear: and already unaware atque locos qui post Albae de nomine dicti had escaped the enemy, and was at the place later Albani (tum rex stabula alta Latinus habebat), called Alba from Alba Longa (at that time King ut stetit et frustra absentem respexit amicum: Latinus had his noble stalls there) when he stopped, 'Euryale infelix, qua te regione reliqui? 390 and looked back vainly for his missing friend. quaue sequar?' rursus perplexum iter omne 'Euryalus, unhappy boy, where did I separate from reuoluens you? Which way shall I go?' he said, considering fallacis siluae simul et uestigia retro all the tangled tracks of the deceptive wood, and at obseruata legit dumisque silentibus errat. the same time scanning the backward traces he audit equos, audit strepitus et signa sequentum; could see, criss-crossing the silent thickets. He nec longum in medio tempus, cum clamor ad auris heard horses, heard the cries and signals of pursuit: 395 and it was no great time before a shout reached his peruenit ac uidet Euryalum, quem iam manus ears and he saw Euryalus, betrayed by the ground omnis and the night, confused by the sudden tumult, fraude loci et noctis, subito turbante tumultu, whom the whole troop were dragging away, oppressum rapit et conantem plurima frustra. overpowered, struggling violently in vain. What quid faciat? qua ui iuuenem, quibus audeat armis can he do? With what force, or weapons, can he eripere? an sese medios moriturus in enses 400 dare to rescue the youth? Should he hurl himself to inferat et pulchram properet per uulnera mortem? his death among the swords, and by his wounds ocius adducto torquet hastile lacerto hasten to a glorious end? He swiftly drew back his suspiciens altam Lunam et sic uoce precatur: spear arm and gazing upwards at the moon above, 'tu, dea, tu praesens nostro succurre labori, prayed, with these words: 'O you, goddess, O you, astrorum decus et nemorum Latonia custos. 405 Latona's daughter, glory of the stars, and keeper of si qua tuis umquam pro me pater Hyrtacus aris the woods, be here and help us in our trouble. If dona tulit, si qua ipse meis uenatibus auxi ever my father, Hyrtacus, brought offerings on my suspendiue tholo aut sacra ad fastigia fixi, behalf to your altars, if ever I added to them from hunc sine me turbare globum et rege tela per auras.' my own hunting, hung them beneath your dome, or dixerat et toto conixus corpore ferrum 410 fixed them to the sacred eaves, let me throw their conicit. hasta uolans noctis diuerberat umbras troop into confusion, guide my spear through the et uenit auersi in tergum Sulmonis ibique air.' He spoke and flung the steel, straining with his frangitur, ac fisso transit praecordia ligno. whole body. The flying javelin divided the uoluitur ille uomens calidum de pectore flumen shadows, struck Sulmo's back, as he turned, and frigidus et longis singultibus ilia pulsat. 415 snapped, the broken shaft piercing the heart. He diuersi circumspiciunt. hoc acrior idem rolled over, a hot stream pouring from his chest, ecce aliud summa telum librabat ab aure. and deep gasps shook his sides, as he grew cold. dum trepidant, it hasta Tago per tempus utrumque They gazed round them, in every direction. See, stridens traiectoque haesit tepefacta cerebro. Nisus, all the more eager, levelled another spear saeuit atrox Uolcens nec teli conspicit usquam 420 against his ear. While they hesitated, the javelin auctorem nec quo se ardens immittere possit. hissed through both of Tagus's temples, and fixed 'tu tamen interea calido mihi sanguine poenas itself still warm in the pierced brain. Fierce Volcens persolues amborum' inquit; simul ense recluso raged, but could not spy out the author of the act, ibat in Euryalum. tum uero exterritus, amens, nor any place that he could vent his fire. He rushed conclamat Nisus nec se celare tenebris 425 at Euryalus with his naked sword, as he cried out: amplius aut tantum potuit perferre dolorem: 'In the mean time you'll pay in hot blood and give 'me, me, adsum qui feci, in me conuertite ferrum, me revenge for both your crimes.' Then, truly o Rutuli! mea fraus omnis, nihil iste nec ausus maddened with fear, Nisus shouted aloud, unable to nec potuit; caelum hoc et conscia sidera testor; hide himself in the dark any longer, or endure such tantum infelicem nimium dilexit amicum.' 430 agony: On me, Rutulians, turn your steel on me, me talia dicta dabat, sed uiribus ensis adactus who did the deed! The guilt is all mine, he neither transadigit costas et candida pectora rumpit. dared nor had the power: the sky and the all- uoluitur Euryalus leto, pulchrosque per artus knowing stars be witnesses: he only loved his it cruor inque umeros ceruix conlapsa recumbit: unfortunate friend too much.' He was still speaking, purpureus ueluti cum flos succisus aratro 435 but the sword, powerfully driven, passed through languescit moriens, lassoue papauera collo the ribs and tore the white breast. Euryalus rolled demisere caput pluuia cum forte grauantur. over in death, and the blood flowed down his at Nisus ruit in medios solumque per omnis lovely limbs, and his neck, drooping, sank on his Uolcentem petit, in solo Uolcente moratur. shoulder, like a bright flower scythed by the quem circum glomerati hostes hinc comminus plough, bowing as it dies, or a poppy weighed atque hinc 440 down by a chance shower, bending its weary head. proturbant. instat non setius ac rotat ensem But Nisus rushed at them, seeking Volcens above fulmineum, donec Rutuli clamantis in ore all, intent on Volcens alone. The enemy gathered condidit aduerso et moriens animam abstulit hosti. round him, to drive him off, in hand to hand tum super exanimum sese proiecit amicum conflict. He attacked none the less, whirling his confossus, placidaque ibi demum morte quieuit. sword like lightning, until he buried it full in the 445 face of the shrieking Rutulian, and, dying, robbed Fortunati ambo! si quid mea carmina possunt, his enemy of life. Then, pierced through, he threw nulla dies umquam memori uos eximet aeuo, himself on the lifeless body of his friend, and found dum domus Aeneae Capitoli immobile saxum peace at last in the calm of death. Happy pair! If accolet imperiumque pater Romanus habebit. my poetry has the power, while the House of Uictores praeda Rutuli spoliisque potiti 450 Aeneas lives beside the Capitol's immobile stone, Uolcentem exanimum flentes in castra ferebant. and a Roman leader rules the Empire, no day will nec minor in castris luctus Rhamnete reperto raze you from time's memory. The victorious exsangui et primis una tot caede peremptis, Rutulians, gaining new plunder, and the spoils, Serranoque Numaque. ingens concursus ad ipsa weeping carried the lifeless Volcens to the camp. corpora seminecisque uiros, tepidaque recentem Nor was there less grief in that camp when 455 Rhamnes was discovered, drained of blood, and so caede locum et pleno spumantis sanguine riuos. many other leaders, killed in a single slaughter, agnoscunt spolia inter se galeamque nitentem with Serranus and Numa. A huge crowd rushed Messapi et multo phaleras sudore receptas. towards the corpses and the dying, and the place fresh with hot killing, and foaming streams full of blood. Between them they identified the spoils, Messapus's gleaming helmet, and his trappings re- won with such sweat. Lines 459-524 Euryalus's Mother Laments Et iam prima nouo spargebat lumine terras And now Aurora, early, leaving Tithonus's saffron Tithoni croceum linquens Aurora cubile. 460 bed, sprinkled her fresh rays onto the earth. And iam sole infuso, iam rebus luce retectis now as the sun streamed down, now as day Turnus in arma uiros armis circumdatus ipse revealed all things, Turnus armed himself, and suscitat: aeratasque acies in proelia cogunt, roused his heroes to arms: they gathered their quisque suos, uariisque acuunt rumoribus iras. bronze-clad troops for the battle, each his own, and quin ipsa arrectis (uisu miserabile) in hastis 465 whetted their anger with various tales. They even praefigunt capita et multo clamore sequuntur fixed the heads of Euryalus and Nisus on raised Euryali et Nisi. spears (wretched sight), and followed behind them, Aeneadae duri murorum in parte sinistra making a great clamour. The tough sons of Aeneas opposuere aciem (nam dextera cingitur amni), had fixed their opposing lines on the left side of the ingentisque tenent fossas et turribus altis 470 ramparts (the right bordered on the river) and they stant maesti; simul ora uirum praefixa mouebant held the wide ditches and stood grieving on the nota nimis miseris atroque fluentia tabo. high turrets: moved as one, made wretched by Interea pauidam uolitans pennata per urbem seeing the heads of men they know only too well nuntia Fama ruit matrisque adlabitur auris transfixed and streaming dark blood. Meanwhile Euryali. at subitus miserae calor ossa reliquit, 475 winged Rumour, flying through the anxious town, excussi manibus radii reuolutaque pensa. sped the news, and stole to the ears of Euryalus's euolat infelix et femineo ululatu mother. And suddenly all warmth left her helpless scissa comam muros amens atque agmina cursu bones, the shuttle was hurled from her hands, the prima petit, non illa uirum, non illa pericli thread unwound. The wretched woman rushed out telorumque memor, caelum dehinc questibus and sought the ramparts and the front line, implet: 480 shrieking madly, her hair dishevelled: she ignored 'hunc ego te, Euryale, aspicio? tune ille senectae the soldiers, the danger, the weapons, then she sera meae requies, potuisti linquere solam, filled the heavens with her lament:' 'Is it you I see, crudelis? nec te sub tanta pericula missum Euryalus? You who brought peace at last to my old adfari extremum miserae data copia matri? age, how could you bring yourself to leave me heu, terra ignota canibus data praeda Latinis 485 alone, cruel child? Why did you not give your poor alitibusque iaces! nec te tua funere mater mother the chance for a final goodbye when you produxi pressiue oculos aut uulnera laui, were being sent into so much danger? Ah, you lie ueste tegens tibi quam noctes festina diesque here in a strange land, given as prey to the carrion urgebam, et tela curas solabar anilis. birds and dogs of Latium! I, your mother, did not quo sequar? aut quae nunc artus auulsaque membra escort you in funeral procession, or close your eyes, 490 or bathe your wounds, or shroud you with the robes et funus lacerum tellus habet? hoc mihi de te, I laboured at night and day for you, soothing the nate, refers? hoc sum terraque marique secuta? cares of old age at the loom. Where shall I go? figite me, si qua est pietas, in me omnia tela What earth now holds your body, your torn limbs, conicite, o Rutuli, me primam absumite ferro; your mangled corpse? My son, is this what you aut tu, magne pater diuum, miserere, tuoque 495 bring home to me? Is this why I followed you by inuisum hoc detrude caput sub Tartara telo, land and sea? O Rutulians, if you have feelings, quando aliter nequeo crudelem abrumpere uitam.' pierce me: hurl all your spears at me: destroy me hoc fletu concussi animi, maestusque per omnis above all with your steel: or you, great father of the it gemitus, torpent infractae ad proelia uires. gods, pity me, and with your lightning bolt, hurl illam incendentem luctus Idaeus et Actor 500 this hated being down to Tartarus, since I can Ilionei monitu et multum lacrimantis Iuli shatter this cruel life no other way.' This wailing corripiunt interque manus sub tecta reponunt. shook their hearts, and a groan of sorrow swept At tuba terribilem sonitum procul aere canoro them all: their strength for battle was numbed and increpuit, sequitur clamor caelumque remugit. weakened. She was igniting grief and Idaeus and accelerant acta pariter testudine Uolsci 505 Actor, at Ilioneus's order, with Iulus weeping et fossas implere parant ac uellere uallum; bitterly, caught her up, and carried her inside in quaerunt pars aditum et scalis ascendere muros, their arms. But the war-trumpet, with its bronze qua rara est acies interlucetque corona singing, rang out its terrible sound, a clamour non tam spissa uiris. telorum effundere contra followed, that the sky re-echoed. The Volscians, omne genus Teucri ac duris detrudere contis, 510 raising their shields in line, ran forward, ready to adsueti longo muros defendere bello. fill in the ditches, and tear down the ramparts: saxa quoque infesto uoluebant pondere, si qua Some tried for an entrance, and to scale the wall possent tectam aciem perrumpere, cum tamen with ladders, where the ranks were thin, and a less omnis dense cordon of men allowed the light through. The ferre iuuet subter densa testudine casus. Trojans accustomed to defending their walls by nec iam sufficiunt. nam qua globus imminet ingens, endless warfare, hurled missiles at them of every 515 sort, and fended them off with sturdy poles. They immanem Teucri molem uoluuntque ruuntque, rolled down stones too, deadly weights, in the hope quae strauit Rutulos late armorumque resoluit of breaking through the well-protected ranks, which tegmina. nec curant caeco contendere Marte under their solid shields, however, rejoiced in amplius audaces Rutuli, sed pellere uallo enduring every danger. But soon even they were missilibus certant. 520 inadequate since the Trojans rolled a vast rock to parte alia horrendus uisu quassabat Etruscam where a large formation threatened, and hurled it pinum et fumiferos infert Mezentius ignis; down, felling the Rutulians far and wide, and at Messapus equum domitor, Neptunia proles, breaking their armoured shell. The brave Rutulians rescindit uallum et scalas in moenia poscit. no longer cared to fight blindly, but tried to clear the ramparts with missiles. Elsewhere, Mezentius, deadly to behold, brandished Tuscan pine, and hurled smoking firebrands: while Messapus, tamer of horses, scion of Neptune, tore at the rampart, and called for scaling ladders. Lines 525-589 Turnus in Battle Uos, o Calliope, precor, aspirate canenti 525 I pray to you, O Calliope, Muses, inspire my quas ibi tum ferro strages, quae funera Turnus singing of the slaughter, the deaths Turnus dealt ediderit, quem quisque uirum demiserit Orco, with his sword that day, and who each warrior was, et mecum ingentis oras euoluite belli. that he sent down to Orcus, and open the lips of Turris erat uasto suspectu et pontibus altis, 530 mighty war with me, since, goddesses, you opportuna loco, summis quam uiribus omnes remember, and have the power to tell: There was a expugnare Itali summaque euertere opum ui turret, tall to look at, with high access-ways, and a certabant, Troes contra defendere saxis good position, that all the Italians tried with utmost perque cauas densi tela intorquere fenestras. power to storm, and to dislodge with the utmost princeps ardentem coniecit lampada Turnus 535 power of their efforts: the Trojans in turn defended et flammam adfixit lateri, quae plurima uento themselves with stones and hurled showers of corripuit tabulas et postibus haesit adesis. missiles through the open loopholes. Turnus was turbati trepidare intus frustraque malorum first to throw a blazing torch and root the flames in uelle fugam. dum se glomerant retroque residunt its flank, that, fanned by a strong wind, seized the in partem quae peste caret, tum pondere turris 540 planking, and clung to the entrances they devoured. procubuit subito et caelum tonat omne fragore. The anxious men inside were afraid, and tried in semineces ad terram immani mole secuta vain to escape disaster. While they clung together confixique suis telis et pectora duro and retreated to the side free from damage, the transfossi ligno ueniunt. uix unus Helenor turret suddenly collapsed, and the whole sky et Lycus elapsi; quorum primaeuus Helenor, 545 echoed to the crash. Half-dead they fell to earth, the Maeonio regi quem serua Licymnia furtim huge mass following, pierced by their own sustulerat uetitisque ad Troiam miserat armis, weapons, and their chests impaled on the harsh ense leuis nudo parmaque inglorius alba. wood. Only Helenor and Lycus managed to escape: isque ubi se Turni media inter milia uidit, Helenor being in the prime of youth, one whom a hinc acies atque hinc acies astare Latinas, 550 Licymnian slave had secretly borne to the ut fera, quae densa uenantum saepta corona Maeonian king, and sent to Troy, with weapons contra tela furit seseque haud nescia morti he'd been forbidden, lightly armed with naked inicit et saltu supra uenabula fertur— blade, and anonymous white shield. When he found haud aliter iuuenis medios moriturus in hostis himself in the midst of Turnus's thousands, Latin inruit et qua tela uidet densissima tendit. 555 ranks standing to right and left of him, as a wild at pedibus longe melior Lycus inter et hostis creature, hedged in by a close circle of hunters, inter et arma fuga muros tenet, altaque certat rages against theirs weapons, and hurls itself, prendere tecta manu sociumque attingere dextras. consciously, to death, and is carried by its leap on quem Turnus pariter cursu teloque secutus to the hunting spears, so the youth rushed to his increpat his uictor: 'nostrasne euadere, demens, 560 death among the enemy, and headed for where the sperasti te posse manus?' simul arripit ipsum weapons appeared thickest. But Lycus, quicker of pendentem et magna muri cum parte reuellit: foot, darting among the enemy and their arms qualis ubi aut leporem aut candenti corpore cycnum reached the wall, and tried to grasp the high parapet sustulit alta petens pedibus Iouis armiger uncis, with his hands, to reach his comrades' grasp. quaesitum aut matri multis balatibus agnum 565 Turnus following him closely on foot, with his Martius a stabulis rapuit lupus. undique clamor spear, taunted in triumph: 'Madman, did you hope tollitur: inuadunt et fossas aggere complent, to escape my reach?' He seized him, there and then, ardentis taedas alii ad fastigia iactant. as he hung, and pulled him down, with a large Ilioneus saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis piece of the wall, like an eagle, carrier of Jove's Lucetium portae subeuntem ignisque ferentem, 570 lightning bolt, soaring high, lifting a hare or the Emathiona Liger, Corynaeum sternit Asilas, snow-white body of a swan in its talons, or a wolf, hic iaculo bonus, hic longe fallente sagitta, Mars's creature, snatching a lamb from the fold, Ortygium Caeneus, uictorem Caenea Turnus, that its mother searches for endlessly bleating. A Turnus Ityn Cloniumque, Dioxippum shout rose on all sides: the Rutulians drove Promolumque forwards, some filling the ditches with mounds of et Sagarim et summis stantem pro turribus Idan, earth, others throwing burning brands onto the 575 roofs. Ilioneus felled Lucetius with a rock, a vast Priuernum Capys. hunc primo leuis hasta Themillae fragment of the hillside, as he neared the gate, strinxerat, ille manum proiecto tegmine demens carrying fire, Liger killed Emathion, Asilas killed ad uulnus tulit; ergo alis adlapsa sagitta Corynaeus, the first skilled with the javelin, the et laeuo infixa est alte lateri, abditaque intus other with deceptive long-range arrows: Caenus spiramenta animae letali uulnere rupit. 580 felled Ortygius, Turnus victorious Caeneus, and stabat in egregiis Arcentis filius armis Itys and Clonius, Dioxippus and Promolus, and pictus acu chlamydem et ferrugine clarus Hibera, Sagaris, and Idas as he stood on the highest tower, insignis facie, genitor quem miserat Arcens and Capys killed Privernus. Themillas had grazed eductum Martis luco Symaethia circum him slightly first with his spear, foolishly he threw flumina, pinguis ubi et placabilis ara Palici: 585 his shield down, and placed his hand on the wound: stridentem fundam positis Mezentius hastis so the arrow winged silently, fixed itself deep in his ipse ter adducta circum caput egit habena left side, and, burying itself within, tore the et media aduersi liquefacto tempora plumbo breathing passages with a lethal wound. Arcens son diffidit ac multa porrectum extendit harena. stood there too in glorious armour, his cloak embroidered with scenes, bright with Spanish blue, a youth of noble features, whom his father Arcens had sent, reared in Mars's grove by Symaethus's streams, where the rich and gracious altars of Palicus stand: Mezentius, dropping his spears, whirled a whistling sling on its tight thong, three times round his head, and split his adversary's forehead open in the middle, with the now-molten lead, stretching him full length in the deep sand. Lines 590-637 Ascanius (Iulus) in Battle Tum primum bello celerem intendisse sagittam 590 Then they say Ascanius first aimed his swift arrows dicitur ante feras solitus terrere fugacis in war, used till now to terrify wild creatures in Ascanius, fortemque manu fudisse Numanum, flight, and with his hand he felled brave Numanus, cui Remulo cognomen erat, Turnique minorem who was surnamed Remulus, and had lately won germanam nuper thalamo sociatus habebat. Turnus's sister as his wife. Numanus marched is primam ante aciem digna atque indigna relatu ahead of the front rank, shouting words that were 595 fitting and unfitting to repeat, his heart swollen uociferans tumidusque nouo praecordia regno with new-won royalty and boasting loudly of his ibat et ingentem sese clamore ferebat: greatness: 'Twice conquered Trojans aren't you 'non pudet obsidione iterum ualloque teneri, ashamed to be besieged and shut behind ramparts bis capti Phryges, et morti praetendere muros? again, fending off death with walls? Behold, these en qui nostra sibi bello conubia poscunt! 600 are the men who'd demand our brides through war! quis deus Italiam, quae uos dementia adegit? What god, what madness has driven you to Italy? non hic Atridae nec fandi fictor Ulixes: Here are no Atrides, no Ulysses, maker of fictions: durum a stirpe genus natos ad flumina primum a race from hardy stock, we first bring our newborn deferimus saeuoque gelu duramus et undis; sons to the river, and toughen them with the water's uenatu inuigilant pueri siluasque fatigant, 605 fierce chill: as children they keep watch in the flectere ludus equos et spicula tendere cornu. chase, and weary the forest, their play is to wheel at patiens operum paruoque adsueta iuuentus their horses and shoot arrows from the bow: but aut rastris terram domat aut quatit oppida bello. patient at work, and used to little, our young men omne aeuum ferro teritur, uersaque iuuencum tame the earth with the hoe, or shake cities in terga fatigamus hasta, nec tarda senectus 610 battle. All our life we're abraded by iron: we goad debilitat uiris animi mutatque uigorem: our bullocks' flanks with a reversed spear, and slow canitiem galea premimus, semperque recentis age doesn't weaken our strength of spirit, or alter comportare iuuat praedas et uiuere rapto. our vigour: we set a helmet on our white hairs, and uobis picta croco et fulgenti murice uestis, delight in collecting fresh spoils, and living on desidiae cordi, iuuat indulgere choreis, 615 plunder. You wear embroidered saffron and et tunicae manicas et habent redimicula mitrae. gleaming purple, idleness pleases you, you delight o uere Phrygiae, neque enim Phryges, ite per alta in the enjoyment of dance, and your tunics have Dindyma, ubi adsuetis biforem dat tibia cantum. sleeves, and your hats have ribbons. O truly you tympana uos buxusque uocat Berecyntia Matris Phrygian women, as you're not Phrygian men, run Idaeae; sinite arma uiris et cedite ferro.' 620 over the heights of Dindymus, where a double-reed Talia iactantem dictis ac dira canentem makes music for accustomed ears. The timbrels call non tulit Ascanius, neruoque obuersus equino to you, and the Berecynthian boxwood flute of the contendit telum diuersaque bracchia ducens Mother of Ida: leave weapons to men and abandon constitit, ante Iouem supplex per uota precatus: the sword.' Ascanius did not tolerate such boastful 'Iuppiter omnipotens, audacibus adnue coeptis. 625 words and dire warnings, but facing him, fitted an ipse tibi ad tua templa feram sollemnia dona, arrow to the horsehair string, and, straining his et statuam ante aras aurata fronte iuuencum arms apart, paused, and first prayed humbly to Jove candentem pariterque caput cum matre ferentem, making these vows: 'All-powerful Jupiter, assent to iam cornu petat et pedibus qui spargat harenam.' my bold attempt. I myself will bring gifts each year audiit et caeli genitor de parte serena 630 to your temple, and I'll place before your altar a intonuit laeuum, sonat una fatifer arcus. snow-white bullock with gilded forehead, carrying effugit horrendum stridens adducta sagitta his head as high as his mother, already butting with perque caput Remuli uenit et caua tempora ferro his horns, and scattering sand with his hooves.' The traicit. 'i, uerbis uirtutem inlude superbis! Father heard, and thundered on the left from a clear bis capti Phryges haec Rutulis responsa remittunt': sky, as one the fatal bow twanged. The taut arrow 635 sped onwards with a dreadful hiss, and passed hoc tantum Ascanius. Teucri clamore sequuntur through Remulus's brow, and split the hollow laetitiaque fremunt animosque ad sidera tollunt. temples with its steel. 'Go on, mock at virtue with proud words! This is the reply the twice-conquered Phrygians send the Rutulians': Ascanius said nothing more. The Trojans followed this with cheers, shouted for joy, and raised their spirits to the skies. Lines 638-671 Apollo Speaks to Iulus Aetheria tum forte plaga crinitus Apollo Now, by chance, long-haired Apollo, seated in the desuper Ausonias acies urbemque uidebat cloudy skies, looked down on the Italian ranks and nube sedens, atque his uictorem adfatur Iulum: 640 the town, and spoke to the victorious Iulus as 'macte noua uirtute, puer, sic itur ad astra, follows: 'Blessings on your fresh courage, boy, dis genite et geniture deos. iure omnia bella scion of gods and ancestor of gods yet to be, so it is gente sub Assaraci fato uentura resident, man rises to the stars. All the wars that destiny nec te Troia capit.' simul haec effatus ab alto might bring will rightly cease under the rule of aethere se mittit, spirantis dimouet auras 645 Assaracus's house, Troy does not limit you.' With Ascaniumque petit; forma tum uertitur oris this he launched himself from high heaven, parted antiquum in Buten. hic Dardanio Anchisae the living air, and found Ascanius: then changed armiger ante fuit fidusque ad limina custos; the form of his features to old Butes. He was once tum comitem Ascanio pater addidit. ibat Apollo armour-bearer to Trojan Anchises, and faithful omnia longaeuo similis uocemque coloremque 650 guardian of the threshold: then Ascanius's father et crinis albos et saeua sonoribus arma, made him the boy's companion. As he walked atque his ardentem dictis adfatur Iulum: Apollo was like the old man in every way, in voice 'sit satis, Aenide, telis impune Numanum and colouring, white hair, and clanging of harsh oppetiisse tuis. primam hanc tibi magnus Apollo weapons, and he spoke these words to the ardent concedit laudem et paribus non inuidet armis; 655 Iulus: 'Enough, son of Aeneas, that Numanus has cetera parce, puer, bello.' sic orsus Apollo fallen to your bow and is un-avenged. Mighty mortalis medio aspectus sermone reliquit Apollo grants you this first glory, and does not et procul in tenuem ex oculis euanuit auram. begrudge you your like weapons: but avoid the rest agnouere deum proceres diuinaque tela of the battle, boy.' So Apollo spoke and in mid- Dardanidae pharetramque fuga sensere sonantem. speech left mortal sight and vanished far from 660 men's eyes into clear air. The Trojan princes ergo auidum pugnae dictis ac numine Phoebi recognised the god and his celestial weapons, and Ascanium prohibent, ipsi in certamina rursus heard his quiver rattling as he flew. So, given the succedunt animasque in aperta pericula mittunt. god's words and his divine will, they stopped it clamor totis per propugnacula muris, Ascanius, eager for the fight, while themselves intendunt acris arcus amentaque torquent. 665 returning to the battle, and openly putting their sternitur omne solum telis, tum scuta cauaeque lives at risk. The clamour rang through the towers dant sonitum flictu galeae, pugna aspera surgit: along the whole wall, they bent their bows quickly quantus ab occasu ueniens pluuialibus Haedis and whirled their slings. The whole earth was uerberat imber humum, quam multa grandine nimbi strewn with spears: shields and hollow helmets in uada praecipitant, cum Iuppiter horridus Austris clanged as they clashed together, the battle grew 670 fierce: vast as a rainstorm from the west, lashing torquet aquosam hiemem et caelo caua nubila the ground beneath watery Auriga, and dense as the rumpit. hail the clouds hurl into the waves, when Jupiter, bristling with southerlies, twirls the watery tempest, and bursts the sky's cavernous vapours. Lines 672-716 Turnus at the Trojan Gates Pandarus et Bitias, Idaeo Alcanore creti, Pandarus and Bitias, sons of Alcanor from Ida, quos Iouis eduxit luco siluestris Iaera whom Iaera the wood-nymph bore in Jupiter's abietibus iuuenes patriis et montibus aequos, grove, youths tall as the pine-trees on their native portam, quae ducis imperio commissa, recludunt hills, threw open the gate entrusted to them by their 675 leader's command, and, relying on their weapons, freti armis, ultroque inuitant moenibus hostem. drew the Rutulian enemy within the walls. They ipsi intus dextra ac laeua pro turribus astant themselves stood in the gate, in front of the towers armati ferro et cristis capita alta corusci: to right and left, steel armoured, with plumes quales aeriae liquentia flumina circum waving on their noble heads: just as twin oaks rise siue Padi ripis Athesim seu propter amoenum 680 up into the air, by flowing rivers, on the banks of consurgunt geminae quercus intonsaque caelo the Po, or by delightful Athesis, lifting their shaggy attollunt capita et sublimi uertice nutant. heads to the sky, and nodding their tall crowns. inrumpunt aditus Rutuli ut uidere patentis: When they saw the entrance clear the Rutulians continuo Quercens et pulcher Aquiculus armis rushed through. At once Quercens and Aquicolus, et praeceps animi Tmarus et Mauortius Haemon handsome in his armour, Tmarus, impulsive at 685 heart, and Haemon, a son of Mars, were routed agminibus totis aut uersi terga dedere with all their Rutulian ranks, and took to their aut ipso portae posuere in limine uitam. heels, or laid down their lives on the very threshold tum magis increscunt animis discordibus irae, of the gate. Then the anger grew fiercer in their et iam collecti Troes glomerantur eodem fighting spirits, and soon the Trojans gathering et conferre manum et procurrere longius audent. massed in the same place, and dared to fight hand 690 to hand, and advance further outside. The news Ductori Turno diuersa in parte furenti reached Turnus, the Rutulian leader, as he raged turbantique uiros perfertur nuntius, hostem and troubled the lines in a distant part of the field, feruere caede noua et portas praebere patentis. that the enemy, hot with fresh slaughter, were deserit inceptum atque immani concitus ira laying their doors wide open. He left what he had Dardaniam ruit ad portam fratresque superbos. 695 begun, and, roused to savage fury, he ran towards et primum Antiphaten (is enim se primus agebat), the Trojan gate, and the proud brothers. And first Thebana de matre nothum Sarpedonis alti, he brought Antiphates down with a spear throw, coniecto sternit iaculo: uolat Itala cornus (since he was first to advance), bastard son of noble aera per tenerum stomachoque infixa sub altum Sarpedon by a Theban mother: the Italian cornel- pectus abit; reddit specus atri uulneris undam 700 wood shaft flew through the clear air and, fixing in spumantem, et fixo ferrum in pulmone tepescit. his belly, ran deep up into his chest: the hollow of tum Meropem atque Erymanta manu, tum sternit the dark wound released a foaming flow, and the Aphidnum, metal became warm in the pierced lung. Then he tum Bitian ardentem oculis animisque frementem, overthrew Meropes and Erymas with his hand, and non iaculo (neque enim iaculo uitam ille dedisset), then Aphidnus, then Bitias, fire in his eyes, clamour sed magnum stridens contorta phalarica uenit 705 in his heart, not to a spear (he would never have fulminis acta modo, quam nec duo taurea terga lost his life to a spear) but a javelin arrived with a nec duplici squama lorica fidelis et auro great hiss, hurled and driven like a thunderbolt, that sustinuit; conlapsa ruunt immania membra, neither two bulls' hides nor the faithful breastplate dat tellus gemitum et clipeum super intonat ingens. with double scales of gold could resist: the mighty talis in Euboico Baiarum litore quondam 710 limbs collapsed and fell, earth groaned and the saxea pila cadit, magnis quam molibus ante huge shield clanged above him. So a rock pile constructam ponto iaciunt, sic illa ruinam sometimes falls on Baiae's Euboic shore, first prona trahit penitusque uadis inlisa recumbit; constructed of huge blocks, then toppled into the miscent se maria et nigrae attolluntur harenae, sea: as it falls it trails havoc behind, tumbles into tum sonitu Prochyta alta tremit durumque cubile the shallows and settles in the depths: the sea swirls 715 in confusion, and the dark sand rises upwards, then Inarime Iouis imperiis imposta Typhoeo. Procida's lofty island trembles at the sound and Ischia's isle's harsh floor, laid down over Typhoeus, at Jove's command. Lines 717-755 The Death of Pandarus Hic Mars armipotens animum uirisque Latinis At this Mars, powerful in war, gave the Latins addidit et stimulos acris sub pectore uertit, strength and courage, and twisted his sharp goad in immisitque Fugam Teucris atrumque Timorem. their hearts, and sent Rout and dark Fear against the undique conueniunt, quoniam data copia pugnae, Trojans. Given the chance for action, the Latins 720 came together from every side, and the god of bellatorque animo deus incidit. battle possessed their souls. Pandarus, seeing his Pandarus, ut fuso germanum corpore cernit brother's fallen corpse, and which side fortune was et quo sit fortuna loco, qui casus agat res, on, and what fate was driving events, pushed with a portam ui multa conuerso cardine torquet mighty heave of his broad shoulders and swung the obnixus latis umeris, multosque suorum 725 gate on its hinges, leaving many a comrade locked moenibus exclusos duro in certamine linquit; outside the wall in the cruel conflict: but the rest he ast alios secum includit recipitque ruentis, greeted as they rushed in and shut in there, with demens, qui Rutulum in medio non agmine regem himself, foolishly, not seeing the Rutulian king uiderit inrumpentem ultroque incluserit urbi, bursting through among the mass, freely closing immanem ueluti pecora inter inertia tigrim. 730 him inside the town, like a huge tiger among a continuo noua lux oculis effulsit et arma helpless herd. At once fresh fire flashed from horrendum sonuere, tremunt in uertice cristae Turnus's eyes his weapons clashed fearfully, the sanguineae clipeoque micantia fulmina mittit. blood-red plumes on his helmet quivered, and agnoscunt faciem inuisam atque immania membra lightning glittered from his shield. In sudden turbati subito Aeneadae. tum Pandarus ingens 735 turmoil the sons of Aeneas recognised that hated emicat et mortis fraternae feruidus ira form and those huge limbs. Then great Pandarus effatur: 'non haec dotalis regia Amatae, sprang forward, blazing with anger at his brother's nec muris cohibet patriis media Ardea Turnum. death, shouting: This is not Queen Amata's palace, castra inimica uides, nulla hinc exire potestas.' given in dowry, or the heart of Ardea, surrounding olli subridens sedato pectore Turnus: 740 Turnus with his native walls. You see an enemy 'incipe, si qua animo uirtus, et consere dextram, camp: you can't escape from here.' Turnus, smiling, hic etiam inuentum Priamo narrabis Achillem.' his thoughts calm, replied to him: 'Come then, if dixerat. ille rudem nodis et cortice crudo there's courage in your heart, close with me: you intorquet summis adnixus uiribus hastam; can go tell Priam that, here too, you found an excepere aurae, uulnus Saturnia Iuno 745 Achilles.' He spoke. Pandarus, straining with all his detorsit ueniens, portaeque infigitur hasta. force, hurled his spear rough with knots and un- 'at non hoc telum, mea quod ui dextera uersat, stripped bark: the wind took it, Saturnian Juno effugies, neque enim is teli nec uulneris auctor': deflected the imminent blow, and the spear stuck sic ait, et sublatum alte consurgit in ensem fast in the gate. Turnus cried: 'But you'll not escape et mediam ferro gemina inter tempora frontem 750 this weapon my right arm wields with power, the diuidit impubisque immani uulnere malas. source of this weapon and wound is not such as fit sonus, ingenti concussa est pondere tellus; you.': and he towered up, his sword lifted, and, with conlapsos artus atque arma cruenta cerebro the blade, cleft the forehead in two between the sternit humi moriens, atque illi partibus aequis temples, down to the beardless jaw, in an evil huc caput atque illuc umero ex utroque pependit. wound. There was a crash: the ground shook under 755 the vast weight. Pandarus, dying, lowered his failing limbs and brain-spattered weapons to the ground, and his skull split in half hung down on either side over both his shoulders. Lines 756-787 Turnus Slaughters the Trojans Diffugiunt uersi trepida formidine Troes, The Trojans turned and fled in sudden terror, and if et si continuo uictorem ea cura subisset, Turnus had thought at once to burst the bolts by rumpere claustra manu sociosque immittere portis, force, and let in his comrades through the gates, ultimus ille dies bello gentique fuisset. that would have been the end of the war and the sed furor ardentem caedisque insana cupido 760 nation. But rage and insane desire for slaughter egit in aduersos. drove him, passionate, against the enemy. First he principio Phalerim et succiso poplite Gygen caught Phaleris and Gyges whom he hamstrung, excipit, hinc raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas then flung their spears, which he seized, at the in tergus, Iuno uiris animumque ministrat. backs of the fleeing crowd. Juno aided him in addit Halyn comitem et confixa Phegea parma, 765 strength and spirit. He sent Halys and Phegeus, his ignaros deinde in muris Martemque cientis shield pierced, to join them, then Alcander and Alcandrumque Haliumque Noemonaque Halius, Noemon and Prytanis unawares, as they Prytanimque. roused those on the walls to battle. As Lynceus Lyncea tendentem contra sociosque uocantem calling to his comrades moved towards him, he uibranti gladio conixus ab aggere dexter anticipated him with a stroke of his glittering sword occupat, huic uno deiectum comminus ictu 770 from the right-hand rampart, Lynceus's head, cum galea longe iacuit caput. inde ferarum severed by the single blow at close quarters, fell to uastatorem Amycum, quo non felicior alter the ground with the helmet some distance away. unguere tela manu ferrumque armare ueneno, Then Amycus, that threat to wild creatures, than et Clytium Aeoliden et amicum Crethea Musis, whom none was better at coating spears and arming Crethea Musarum comitem, cui carmina semper steel with poison, and Clytius, son of Aeolus, and 775 Cretheus, friend to the Muses, Cretheus the Muses' et citharae cordi numerosque intendere neruis, follower, to whom song and lyre and striking semper equos atque arma uirum pugnasque measures on the strings were always a delight, canebat. always he sang of horses, of soldiers' weapons and Tandem ductores audita caede suorum battles. At last the Trojan leaders, Mnestheus and conueniunt Teucri, Mnestheus acerque Serestus, brave Serestus, hearing of this slaughter of their palantisque uident socios hostemque receptum. 780 men, arrived to see their troops scattered and the et Mnestheus: 'quo deinde fugam, quo tenditis?' enemy within. Mnestheus shouted: 'Where are you inquit. running to, off where? What other walls or 'quos alios muros, quaeue ultra moenia habetis? battlements do you have, but these? O citizens, unus homo et uestris, o ciues, undique saeptus shall one man, hemmed in on all sides by ramparts, aggeribus tantas strages impune per urbem cause such carnage through this our city, and go ediderit? iuuenum primos tot miserit Orco? 785 unpunished? Shall he send so many of our noblest non infelicis patriae ueterumque deorum youths to Orcus? Cowards, have you no pity, no et magni Aeneae, segnes, miseretque pudetque?' shame, for your wretched country, for your ancient gods, for great Aeneas?' Lines 788-818 Turnus Is Driven Off talibus accensi firmantur et agmine denso Inflamed by such words they were strengthened, consistunt. Turnus paulatim excedere pugna and they halted, densely packed. Turnus little by et fluuium petere ac partem quae cingitur unda. 790 little retreated from the fight, heading for the river, acrius hoc Teucri clamore incumbere magno and a place embraced by the waves. The Trojans et glomerare manum, ceu saeuum turba leonem pressed towards him more fiercely, with a great cum telis premit infensis; at territus ille, clamour, and massed together, as a crowd of asper, acerba tuens, retro redit et neque terga hunters with levelled spears close in on a savage ira dare aut uirtus patitur, nec tendere contra 795 lion: that, fearful but fierce, glaring in anger, gives ille quidem hoc cupiens potis est per tela uirosque. ground, though fury and courage won't let it turn its haud aliter retro dubius uestigia Turnus back, nor will men and spears allow it to attack, improperata refert et mens exaestuat ira. despite its wish. So Turnus wavering retraced his quin etiam bis tum medios inuaserat hostis, steps cautiously, his mind seething with rage. Even bis confusa fuga per muros agmina uertit; 800 then he charged amongst the enemy twice, and sed manus e castris propere coit omnis in unum twice sent them flying a confused rabble along the nec contra uiris audet Saturnia Iuno walls: but the whole army quickly gathered en sufficere; aeriam caelo nam Iuppiter Irim masse from the camp, and Saturnian Juno didn't demisit germanae haud mollia iussa ferentem, dare empower him against them, since Jupiter sent ni Turnus cedat Teucrorum moenibus altis. 805 Iris down through the air from heaven, carrying no ergo nec clipeo iuuenis subsistere tantum gentle commands for his sister, if Turnus did not nec dextra ualet, iniectis sic undique telis leave the high Trojan ramparts. Therefore the obruitur. strepit adsiduo caua tempora circum warrior, overwhelmed by so many missiles hurled tinnitu galea et saxis solida aera fatiscunt from every side, couldn't so much as hold his own discussaeque iubae, capiti nec sufficit umbo 810 with shield and sword-arm. The helmet protecting ictibus; ingeminant hastis et Troes et ipse his hollow temples rang with endless noise, the fulmineus Mnestheus. tum toto corpore sudor solid bronze gaped from the hail of stones, his crest liquitur et piceum (nec respirare potestas) was torn off, and his shield-boss couldn't withstand flumen agit, fessos quatit aeger anhelitus artus. the blows: the Trojans, with deadly Mnestheus tum demum praeceps saltu sese omnibus armis 815 himself, redoubled their rain of javelins. Then the in fluuium dedit. ille suo cum gurgite flauo sweat ran all over Turnus's body, and flowed in a accepit uenientem ac mollibus extulit undis dark stream (he'd no time to breathe) and an et laetum sociis abluta caede remisit. agonised panting shook his exhausted body. Then, finally, leaping headlong, he plunged down into the river in full armour. The Tiber welcomed him to its yellow flood as he fell, lifted him on its gentle waves, and, washing away the blood, returned him, overjoyed, to his friends. BOOK X
Lines 1-95 The Council of the Gods Panditur interea domus omnipotentis Olympi Meanwhile the palace of all-powerful Olympus was conciliumque uocat diuum pater atque hominum opened wide, and the father of the gods, and king rex of men, called a council in his starry house, from sideream in sedem, terras unde arduus omnis whose heights he gazed at every land, at Trojan castraque Dardanidum aspectat populosque camp, and Latin people. They took their seats in the Latinos. hall with doors at east and west, and he began: considunt tectis bipatentibus, incipit ipse: 5 'Great sky-dwellers, why have you changed your 'caelicolae magni, quianam sententia uobis decision, competing now, with such opposing uersa retro tantumque animis certatis iniquis? wills? I commanded Italy not to make war on the abnueram bello Italiam concurrere Teucris. Trojans. Why this conflict, against my orders? quae contra uetitum discordia? quis metus aut hos What fear has driven them both to take up arms and aut hos arma sequi ferrumque lacessere suasit? 10 incite violence? The right time for fighting will adueniet iustum pugnae (ne arcessite) tempus, arrive (don't bring it on) when fierce Carthage, cum fera Karthago Romanis arcibus olim piercing the Alps, will launch great destruction on exitium magnum atque Alpis immittet apertas: the Roman strongholds: then it will be fine to tum certare odiis, tum res rapuisse licebit. compete in hatred, and ravage things. Now let it nunc sinite et placitum laeti componite foedus.' 15 alone, and construct a treaty, gladly, as agreed.' Iuppiter haec paucis; at non Uenus aurea contra Jupiter's speech was brief as this: but golden pauca refert: Venus's reply was not: 'O father, eternal judge of 'o pater, o hominum rerumque aeterna potestas men and things (for who else is there I can make (namque aliud quid sit quod iam implorare my appeal to now?) you see how the Rutulians queamus?), exult, how Turnus is drawn by noble horses cernis ut insultent Rutuli, Turnusque feratur 20 through the crowd, and, fortunate in war, rushes on per medios insignis equis tumidusque secundo proudly. Barred defences no longer protect the Marte ruat? non clausa tegunt iam moenia Teucros; Trojans: rather they join battle within the gates, and quin intra portas atque ipsis proelia miscent on the rampart walls themselves, and the ditches aggeribus murorum et inundant sanguine fossae. are filled with blood. Aeneas is absent, unaware of Aeneas ignarus abest. numquamne leuari 25 this. Will you never let the siege be raised? A obsidione sines? muris iterum imminet hostis second enemy once again menaces and harasses nascentis Troiae nec non exercitus alter, new-born Troy, and again, from Aetolian Arpi, a atque iterum in Teucros Aetolis surgit ab Arpis Diomede rises. I almost think the wound I had from Tydides. equidem credo, mea uulnera restant him still awaits me: your child merely delays the et tua progenies mortalia demoror arma. 30 thrust of that mortal's weapon. If the Trojans sought si sine pace tua atque inuito numine Troes Italy without your consent, and despite your divine Italiam petiere, luant peccata neque illos will, let them expiate the sin: don't grant them help. iuueris auxilio; sin tot responsa secuti But if they've followed the oracles of powers above quae superi manesque dabant, cur nunc tua and below, why should anyone change your orders quisquam now, and forge new destinies? Shall I remind you uertere iussa potest aut cur noua condere fata? 35 of their fleet, burned on the shores of Eryx? Or the quid repetam exustas Erycino in litore classis, king of the storms and his furious winds roused quid tempestatum regem uentosque furentis from Aeolia, or Iris sent down from the clouds? Aeolia excitos aut actam nubibus Irim? Now Juno even stirs the dead (the only lot still left nunc etiam manis (haec intemptata manebat to use) and Allecto too, suddenly loosed on the sors rerum) mouet et superis immissa repente 40 upper world, runs wild through all the Italian cities. Allecto medias Italum bacchata per urbes. I no longer care about Empire. Though that was my nil super imperio moueor. sperauimus ista, hope while fortune was kind. Let those you wish to dum fortuna fuit. uincant, quos uincere mauis. win prevail. Father, if there's no land your si nulla est regio Teucris quam det tua coniunx relentless queen will grant the Trojans, I beg, by the dura, per euersae, genitor, fumantia Troiae 45 smoking ruins of shattered Troy, let me bring excidia obtestor: liceat dimittere ab armis Ascanius, untouched, from among the weapons: let incolumem Ascanium, liceat superesse nepotem. my grandson live. Aeneas, yes, may be tossed on Aeneas sane ignotis iactetur in undis unknown seas, and go wherever Fortune grants a et quacumque uiam dederit Fortuna sequatur: road: but let me have the power to protect the child hunc tegere et dirae ualeam subducere pugnae. 50 and remove him from the fatal battle. Amathus is est Amathus, est celsa mihi Paphus atque Cythera mine, high Paphos and Cythera are mine, and Idaliaeque domus: positis inglorius armis Idalia's temple: let him ground his weapons there, exigat hic aeuum. magna dicione iubeto and live out inglorious years. Command that Karthago premat Ausoniam; nihil urbibus inde Carthage, with her great power, crush Italy: then obstabit Tyriis. quid pestem euadere belli 55 there'll be no obstacle to the Tyrian cities. What iuuit et Argolicos medium fugisse per ignis was the use in their escaping the plague of war, totque maris uastaeque exhausta pericula terrae, fleeing through the heart of Argive flames, dum Latium Teucri recidiuaque Pergama quaerunt? enduring the dangers at sea, and in desolate lands, non satius cineres patriae insedisse supremos as long as the Trojans seek Latium and Troy re- atque solum quo Troia fuit? Xanthum et Simoenta born? Wouldn't it have been better to build on those 60 last embers of their country, on the soil where Troy redde, oro, miseris iterumque reuoluere casus once stood? Give Xanthus and Simois back to these da, pater, Iliacos Teucris.' tum regia Iuno unfortunates, father, I beg you, and let the Trojans acta furore graui: 'quid me alta silentia cogis re-live the course of Ilium.' Then royal Juno goaded rumpere et obductum uerbis uulgare dolorem? to savage frenzy, cried out: 'Why do you make me Aenean hominum quisquam diuumque subegit 65 shatter my profound silence, and utter words of bella sequi aut hostem regi se inferre Latino? suffering to the world? Did any god or man force Italiam petiit fatis auctoribus (esto) Aeneas to make war and attack King Latinus as an Cassandrae impulsus furiis: num linquere castra enemy? He sought Italy prompted by the Fates (so hortati sumus aut uitam committere uentis? be it) impelled by Cassandra's ravings: was he num puero summam belli, num credere muros, 70 urged by me to leave the camp, and trust his life to Tyrrhenamque fidem aut gentis agitare quietas? the winds? To leave the outcome of war, and their quis deus in fraudem, quae dura potentia nostra defences to a child: to disturb Tuscan good faith, egit? ubi hic Iuno demissaue nubibus Iris? and peaceful tribes? What goddess, what harsh indignum est Italos Troiam circumdare flammis powers of mine drove him to harm? Where is Juno nascentem et patria Turnum consistere terra, 75 in this, or Iris sent from the clouds? If it's shameful cui Pilumnus auus, cui diua Uenilia mater: that the Italians surround new-born Troy with quid face Troianos atra uim ferre Latinis, flames, and Turnus make a stand on his native soil, arua aliena iugo premere atque auertere praedas? he whose ancestor is Pilumnus, divine Venilia his quid soceros legere et gremiis abducere pactas, mother: what of the Trojans with smoking brands pacem orare manu, praefigere puppibus arma? 80 using force against the Latins, planting their yoke tu potes Aenean manibus subducere Graium on others' fields and driving off their plunder? proque uiro nebulam et uentos obtendere inanis, Deciding whose daughters to marry, and dragging et potes in totidem classem conuertere nymphas: betrothed girls from their lover's arms, offering nos aliquid Rutulos contra iuuisse nefandum est? peace with one hand, but decking their ships with "Aeneas ignarus abest": ignarus et absit. 85 weapons? You can steal Aeneas away from Greek est Paphus Idaliumque tibi, sunt alta Cythera: hands and grant them fog and empty air instead of a quid grauidam bellis urbem et corda aspera man, and turn their fleet of ships into as many temptas? nymphs: is it wrong then for me to have given nosne tibi fluxas Phrygiae res uertere fundo some help to the Rutulians? "Aeneas is absent, conamur? nos? an miseros qui Troas Achiuis unaware of this." Let him be absent and unaware. obiecit? quae causa fuit consurgere in arma 90 Paphos, Idalium, and high Cythera are yours? Why Europamque Asiamque et foedera soluere furto? meddle then with a city pregnant with wars and me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnauit adulter, fierce hearts? Is it I who try to uproot Troy's fragile aut ego tela dedi fouiue Cupidine bella? state from its base? Is it I? Or he who exposed the tum decuit metuisse tuis: nunc sera querelis wretched Trojans to the Greeks? What reason was haud iustis adsurgis et inrita iurgia iactas.' 95 there for Europe and Asia to rise up in arms, and dissolve their alliance, through treachery? Did I lead the Trojan adulterer to conquer Sparta? Did I give him weapons, or foment a war because of his lust? Then, you should have feared for your own: now, too late, you raise complaints without justice, and provoke useless quarrels.' Lines 96-117 Jupiter Leaves the Outcome to Fate Talibus orabat Iuno, cunctique fremebant So Juno argued, and all the divinities of heaven caelicolae adsensu uario, ceu flamina prima murmured their diverse opinions, as when rising cum deprensa fremunt siluis et caeca uolutant gales murmur in the woods and roll out their secret murmura uenturos nautis prodentia uentos. humming, warning sailors of coming storms. Then tum pater omnipotens, rerum cui prima potestas, the all-powerful father, who has prime authority 100 over things, began (the noble hall of the gods fell infit (eo dicente deum domus alta silescit silent as he spoke, earth trembled underground, et tremefacta solo tellus, silet arduus aether, high heaven fell silent, the Zephyrs too were stilled, tum Zephyri posuere, premit placida aequora the sea calmed its placid waters). 'Take my words pontus): to heart and fix them there. Since Italians and 'accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta. Trojans are not allowed to join in alliance, and your quandoquidem Ausonios coniungi foedere Teucris disagreement has no end, I will draw no distinction 105 between them, Trojan or Rutulian, whatever luck haud licitum, nec uestra capit discordia finem, each has today, whatever hopes they pursue, quae cuique est fortuna hodie, quam quisque secat whether the camp's under siege, because of Italy's spem, fortunes, or Troy's evil wanderings and unhappy Tros Rutulusne fuat, nullo discrimine habebo, prophecies. Nor will I absolve the Rutulians. What seu fatis Italum castra obsidione tenentur each has instigated shall bring its own suffering and siue errore malo Troiae monitisque sinistris. 110 success. Jupiter is king of all, equally: the fates will nec Rutulos soluo. sua cuique exorsa laborem determine the way.' He nodded, swearing it by the fortunamque ferent. rex Iuppiter omnibus idem. waters of his Stygian brother, by the banks that fata uiam inuenient.' Stygii per flumina fratris, seethe with pitch, and the black chasm and made all per pice torrentis atraque uoragine ripas Olympus tremble at his nod. So the speaking adnuit et totum nutu tremefecit Olympum. 115 ended. Jupiter rose from his golden throne, and the hic finis fandi. solio tum Iuppiter aureo divinities led him to the threshold, among them. surgit, caelicolae medium quem ad limina ducunt. Lines 118-162 Aeneas Returns From Pallantium Interea Rutuli portis circum omnibus instant Meanwhile the Rutulians gathered round every sternere caede uiros et moenia cingere flammis. gate, to slaughter the men, and circle the walls with at legio Aeneadum uallis obsessa tenetur 120 flames, while Aeneas's army was held inside their nec spes ulla fugae. miseri stant turribus altis stockade, imprisoned, with no hope of escape. nequiquam et rara muros cinxere corona Wretchedly they stood there on the high turrets, and Asius Imbrasides Hicetaoniusque Thymoetes circling the walls, a sparse ring. Asius, son of Assaracique duo et senior cum Castore Thymbris, Imbrasus, Thymoetes, son of Hicetaon, the two prima acies; hos germani Sarpedonis ambo 125 Assaraci, and Castor with old Thymbris were the et Clarus et Thaemon Lycia comitantur ab alta. front rank: Sarpedon's two brothers, Clarus and fert ingens toto conixus corpore saxum, Thaemon, from noble Lycia, were at their side. haud partem exiguam montis, Lyrnesius Acmon, Acmon of Lyrnesus, no less huge than his father nec Clytio genitore minor nec fratre Menestheo. Clytius, or his brother Mnestheus, lifted a giant hi iaculis, illi certant defendere saxis 130 rock, no small fragment of a hillside, straining his molirique ignem neruoque aptare sagittas. whole body. Some tried to defend with javelins, ipse inter medios, Ueneris iustissima cura, some with stones, hurling fire and fitting arrows to Dardanius caput, ecce, puer detectus honestum, the bow. See, the Trojan boy, himself, in their qualis gemma micat fuluum quae diuidit aurum, midst, Venus's special care, his handsome head aut collo decus aut capiti, uel quale per artem 135 uncovered, sparkling like a jewel set in yellow gold inclusum buxo aut Oricia terebintho adorning neck or forehead, gleaming like ivory, lucet ebur; fusos ceruix cui lactea crinis inlaid skilfully in boxwood or Orician terebinth: his accipit et molli subnectens circulus auro. milk-white neck, and the circle of soft gold te quoque magnanimae uiderunt, Ismare, gentes clasping it, received his flowing hair. Your great- uulnera derigere et calamos armare ueneno, 140 hearted people saw you too Ismarus, dipping reed- Maeonia generose domo, ubi pinguia culta shafts in venom, and aiming them to wound, from a exercentque uiri Pactolusque inrigat auro. noble Lydian house, there where men till rich adfuit et Mnestheus, quem pulsi pristina Turni fields, that the Pactolus waters with gold. There aggere murorum sublimem gloria tollit, was Mnestheus as well, whom yesterday's glory, of et Capys: hinc nomen Campanae ducitur urbi. 145 beating Turnus back from the wall's embankment, Illi inter sese duri certamina belli exalted highly, and Capys: from him the name of contulerant: media Aeneas freta nocte secabat. the Campanian city comes. Men were fighting each namque ut ab Euandro castris ingressus Etruscis other in the conflict of bitter war: while Aeneas, by regem adit et regi memorat nomenque genusque night, was cutting through the waves. When, on quidue petat quidue ipse ferat, Mezentius arma 150 leaving Evander and entering the Tuscan camp, he quae sibi conciliet, uiolentaque pectora Turni had met the king, announced his name and race, the edocet, humanis quae sit fiducia rebus help he sought, and that he himself offered, what admonet immiscetque preces, haud fit mora, forces Mezentius was gathering to him, and the Tarchon violence in Turnus's heart, and then had warned iungit opes foedusque ferit; tum libera fati how little faith can be placed in human powers, and classem conscendit iussis gens Lydia diuum 155 had added his entreaties, Tarchon, joined forces externo commissa duci. Aeneia puppis with him without delay, and agreed a treaty: then prima tenet rostro Phrygios subiuncta leones, fulfilling their fate the Lydian people took to their imminet Ida super, profugis gratissima Teucris. ships by divine command, trusting to a 'foreign' hic magnus sedet Aeneas secumque uolutat leader. Aeneas's vessel took the van, adorned with euentus belli uarios, Pallasque sinistro 160 Phrygian lions below her beak, Mount Ida towering adfixus lateri iam quaerit sidera, opacae above them, a delight to the exiled Trojans. There noctis iter, iam quae passus terraque marique. great Aeneas sat and pondered the varying issues of the war, and Pallas sticking close to his left side, asked him now about the stars, their path through the dark night, and now about his adventures on land and sea. Lines 163-214 The Leaders of the Tuscan Fleet Pandite nunc Helicona, deae, cantusque mouete, Now, goddesses, throw Helicon wide open: begin quae manus interea Tuscis comitetur ab oris your song of the company that followed Aeneas Aenean armetque rates pelagoque uehatur. 165 from Tuscan shores, arming the ships and riding Massicus aerata princeps secat aequora Tigri, over the seas. Massicus cut the waters at their head, sub quo mille manus iuuenum, qui moenia Clusi in the bronze-armoured Tiger, a band of a thousand quique urbem liquere Cosas, quis tela sagittae warriors under him, leaving the walls of Clusium, gorytique leues umeris et letifer arcus. and the city of Cosae, whose weapons are arrows, una toruus Abas: huic totum insignibus armis 170 held in light quivers over their shoulders, and agmen et aurato fulgebat Apolline puppis. deadly bows. Grim Abas was with him: whose sescentos illi dederat Populonia mater ranks were all splendidly armoured, his ship aglow expertos belli iuuenes, ast Ilua trecentos with a gilded figure of Apollo. Populonia, the insula inexhaustis Chalybum generosa metallis. mother-city, had given him six hundred of her tertius ille hominum diuumque interpres Asilas, offspring, all expert in war, and the island of Ilva, 175 rich with the Chalybes' inexhaustible mines, three cui pecudum fibrae, caeli cui sidera parent hundred. Asilas was third, that interpreter of gods et linguae uolucrum et praesagi fulminis ignes, and men, to whom the entrails of beasts were an mille rapit densos acie atque horrentibus hastis. open book, the stars in the sky, the tongues of birds, hos parere iubent Alpheae ab origine Pisae, the prophetic bolts of lightning. He hurried his urbs Etrusca solo. sequitur pulcherrimus Astyr, 180 thousand men to war, dense ranks bristling with Astyr equo fidens et uersicoloribus armis. spears. Pisa ordered them to obey, city of Alphean ter centum adiciunt (mens omnibus una sequendi) foundation, set on Etruscan soil. Then the most qui Caerete domo, qui sunt Minionis in aruis, handsome Astur followed, Astur relying on horse et Pyrgi ueteres intempestaeque Grauiscae. and iridescent armour. Three hundred more Non ego te, Ligurum ductor fortissime bello, 185 (minded to follow as one) were added by those with transierim, Cunare, et paucis comitate Cupauo, their home in Caere, the fields by the Minio, cuius olorinae surgunt de uertice pennae ancient Pyrgi, unhealthy Graviscae. I would not (crimen, Amor, uestrum) formaeque insigne forget you, Cunerus, in war the bravest Ligurian paternae. leader, or you with your small company, Cupavo, namque ferunt luctu Cycnum Phaethontis amati, on whose crest the swan plumes rose, a sign of your populeas inter frondes umbramque sororum 190 father's transformation (Cupid, your and your dum canit et maestum Musa solatur amorem, mother's crime). For they say that Cycnus wept for canentem molli pluma duxisse senectam his beloved Phaethon, singing amongst the poplar linquentem terras et sidera uoce sequentem. leaves, those shades of Phaethon's sisters, consoling filius aequalis comitatus classe cateruas his sorrowful passion with the Muse, and drew ingentem remis Centaurum promouet: ille 195 white age over himself, in soft plumage, instat aquae saxumque undis immane minatur relinquishing earth, and seeking the stars with song. arduus, et longa sulcat maria alta carina. His son, Cupavo, drove on the mighty Centaur, Ille etiam patriis agmen ciet Ocnus ab oris, following the fleet, with troops of his own age: the fatidicae Mantus et Tusci filius amnis, figurehead towered over the water, threatening qui muros matrisque dedit tibi, Mantua, nomen, from above to hurl a huge rock into the waves, the 200 long keel ploughing through the deep ocean. Mantua diues auis, sed non genus omnibus unum: Ocnus, also, called up troops from his native gens illi triplex, populi sub gente quaterni, shores, he, the son of Manto the prophetess and the ipsa caput populis, Tusco de sanguine uires. Tuscan river, who gave you your walls, Mantua, hinc quoque quingentos in se Mezentius armat, and his mother's name, Mantua rich in ancestors, quos patre Benaco uelatus harundine glauca 205 but not all of one race: there were three races there, Mincius infesta ducebat in aequora pinu. under each race four tribes, herself the head of the it grauis Aulestes centenaque arbore fluctum tribes, her strength from Tuscan blood. From there uerberat adsurgens, spumant uada marmore uerso. too Mezentius drove five hundred to arm against hunc uehit immanis Triton et caerula concha him, lead in pine warships through the sea by a exterrens freta, cui laterum tenus hispida nanti 210 figure, the River Mincius, the child of Lake frons hominem praefert, in pristim desinit aluus, Benacus, crowned with grey-green reeds. Aulestes spumea semifero sub pectore murmurat unda. ploughed on weightily, lashing the waves as he Tot lecti proceres ter denis nauibus ibant surged to the stroke of a hundred oars: the waters subsidio Troiae et campos salis aere secabant. foamed as the surface churned. He sailed the huge Triton, whose conch shell alarmed the blue waves, it's carved prow displayed a man's form down to the waist, as it sailed on, its belly ending in a sea- creature's, while under the half-man's chest the waves murmured with foam. Such was the count of princes chosen to sail in the thirty ships to the aid of Troy, and plough the salt plains with their bronze rams. Lines 215-259 The Nymphs of Cybele Iamque dies caelo concesserat almaque curru 215 Now daylight had vanished from the sky and kindly noctiuago Phoebe medium pulsabat Olympum: Phoebe was treading mid-heaven with her Aeneas (neque enim membris dat cura quietem) nocturnal team: Aeneas (since care allowed his ipse sedens clauumque regit uelisque ministrat. limbs no rest) sat there controlling the helm atque illi medio in spatio chorus, ecce, suarum himself, and tending the sails. And see, in mid- occurrit comitum: nymphae, quas alma Cybebe 220 course, a troop of his own friends appeared: the numen habere maris nymphasque e nauibus esse nymphs, whom gracious Cybele had commanded to iusserat, innabant pariter fluctusque secabant, be goddesses of the sea, to be nymphs not ships, quot prius aeratae steterant ad litora prorae. swam beside him and cut the flood, as many as the agnoscunt longe regem lustrantque choreis; bronze prows that once lay by the shore. They quarum quae fandi doctissima Cymodocea 225 knew the king from far off, and circled him pone sequens dextra puppim tenet ipsaque dorso dancing: and Cymodocea, following, most skilful eminet ac laeua tacitis subremigat undis. of them in speech, caught at the stern with her right tum sic ignarum adloquitur: 'uigilasne, deum gens, hand, lifted her length herself, and paddled along Aenea? uigila et uelis immitte rudentis. with her left arm under the silent water. Then she nos sumus, Idaeae sacro de uertice pinus, 230 spoke to the bemused man, so: 'Are you awake, nunc pelagi nymphae, classis tua. perfidus ut nos Aeneas, child of the gods? Be awake: loose the praecipitis ferro Rutulus flammaque premebat, sheets: make full sail. We are your fleet, now rupimus inuitae tua uincula teque per aequor nymphs of the sea, once pines of Ida, from her quaerimus. hanc genetrix faciem miserata refecit sacred peak. Against our will we broke our bonds et dedit esse deas aeuumque agitare sub undis. 235 when the treacherous Rutulian was pressing us at puer Ascanius muro fossisque tenetur hard, with fire and sword, and we have sought you tela inter media atque horrentis Marte Latinos. over the waves. Cybele, the Mother, refashioned us iam loca iussa tenent forti permixtus Etrusco in this form, from pity, granting that we became Arcas eques; medias illis opponere turmas, goddesses, spending life under the waves. Now, ne castris iungant, certa est sententia Turno. 240 your son Ascanius is penned behind walls and surge age et Aurora socios ueniente uocari ditches, among weapons, and Latins bristling for a primus in arma iube, et clipeum cape quem dedit fight. The Arcadian Horse, mixed with brave ipse Etruscans already hold the positions commanded: inuictum ignipotens atque oras ambiit auro. while Turnus's certain purpose is to send his central crastina lux, mea si non inrita dicta putaris, squadrons against them, lest they reach the camp. ingentis Rutulae spectabit caedis aceruos.' 245 Up then, in the rising dawn, call your friends with dixerat et dextra discedens impulit altam an order to arm, and take your invincible shield that haud ignara modi puppim: fugit illa per undas the lord of fire gave you himself, that he circled ocior et iaculo et uentos aequante sagitta. with a golden rim. If you don't think my words idle, inde aliae celerant cursus. stupet inscius ipse tomorrow's light will gaze on a mighty heap of Tros Anchisiades, animos tamen omine tollit. 250 Rutulian dead.' She spoke, and, knowing how, with tum breuiter supera aspectans conuexa precatur: her right hand, thrust the high stern on, as she left: 'alma parens Idaea deum, cui Dindyma cordi it sped through the waves faster than a javelin, or turrigeraeque urbes biiugique ad frena leones, an arrow equalling the wind. Then the others tu mihi nunc pugnae princeps, tu rite propinques quickened speed. Amazed, the Trojan son of augurium Phrygibusque adsis pede, diua, secundo.' Anchises marvelled, yet his spirits lifted at the 255 omen. Then looking up to the arching heavens he tantum effatus, et interea reuoluta ruebat briefly prayed: 'Kind Cybele, Mother of the gods, matura iam luce dies noctemque fugarat; to whom Dindymus, tower-crowned cities, and principio sociis edicit signa sequantur harnessed lions are dear, be my leader now in atque animos aptent armis pugnaeque parent se. battle, duly further this omen, and be with your Trojans, goddess, with your favouring step.' He prayed like this, and meanwhile the wheeling day rushed in with a flood of light, chasing away the night: first he ordered his comrades to obey his signals, prepare their spirits for fighting, and ready themselves for battle. Lines 260-307 Aeneas Reaches Land Iamque in conspectu Teucros habet et sua castra Now, he stood on the high stern, with the Trojans 260 and his fort in view, and at once lifted high the stans celsa in puppi, clipeum cum deinde sinistra blazing shield, in his left hand. The Trojans on the extulit ardentem. clamorem ad sidera tollunt walls raised a shout to the sky, new hope freshened Dardanidae e muris, spes addita suscitat iras, their fury, they hurled their spears, just as tela manu iaciunt, quales sub nubibus atris Strymonian cranes under dark clouds, flying Strymoniae dant signa grues atque aethera tranant through the air, give noisy cries, and fleeing the 265 south wind, trail their clamour. This seemed strange cum sonitu, fugiuntque Notos clamore secundo. to the Rutulian king and the Italian leaders, until at Rutulo regi ducibusque ea mira uideri looking behind them they saw the fleet turned Ausoniis, donec uersas ad litora puppis towards shore, and the whole sea alive with ships. respiciunt totumque adlabi classibus aequor. Aeneas's crest blazed, and a dark flame streamed ardet apex capiti cristisque a uertice flamma 270 from the top, and the shield's gold boss spouted funditur et uastos umbo uomit aureus ignis: floods of fire: just as when comets glow, blood-red non secus ac liquida si quando nocte cometae and ominous in the clear night, or when fiery sanguinei lugubre rubent, aut Sirius ardor Sirius, bringer of drought and plague to frail ille sitim morbosque ferens mortalibus aegris mortals, rises and saddens the sky with sinister nascitur et laeuo contristat lumine caelum. 275 light. Still, brave Turnus did not lose hope of Haud tamen audaci Turno fiducia cessit seizing the shore first, and driving the approaching litora praecipere et uenientis pellere terra. enemy away from land. And he raised his men's [ultro animos tollit dictis atque increpat ultro:] spirits as well, and chided them: 'What you asked 'quod uotis optastis adest, perfringere dextra. for in prayer is here, to break through with the in manibus Mars ipse uiris. nunc coniugis esto 280 sword. Mars himself empowers your hands, men! quisque suae tectique memor, nunc magna referto Now let each remember his wife and home, now facta, patrum laudes. ultro occurramus ad undam recall the great actions, the glories of our fathers. dum trepidi egressisque labant uestigia prima. And let's meet them in the waves, while they're audentis Fortuna iuuat.' unsure and their first steps falter as they land. haec ait, et secum uersat quos ducere contra 285 Fortune favours the brave.' So he spoke, and asked uel quibus obsessos possit concredere muros. himself whom to lead in attack and whom he could Interea Aeneas socios de puppibus altis trust the siege of the walls. Meanwhile Aeneas pontibus exponit. multi seruare recursus landed his allies from the tall ships using languentis pelagi et breuibus se credere saltu, gangways. Many waited for the spent wave to ebb per remos alii. speculatus litora Tarchon, 290 and trusted themselves to the shallow water: others qua uada non sperat nec fracta remurmurat unda, rowed. Tarchon, noting a strand where no waves sed mare inoffensum crescenti adlabitur aestu, heaved and no breaking waters roared, but the sea aduertit subito proras sociosque precatur: swept in smoothly with the rising tide, suddenly 'nunc, o lecta manus, ualidis incumbite remis; turned his prow towards it, exhorting his men: tollite, ferte rates, inimicam findite rostris 295 'Now, O chosen band, bend to your sturdy oars: lift, hanc terram, sulcumque sibi premat ipsa carina. drive your boats, split this enemy shore with your frangere nec tali puppim statione recuso beaks, let the keel itself plough a furrow. I don't arrepta tellure semel.' quae talia postquam shrink from wrecking the ship in such a harbour effatus Tarchon, socii consurgere tonsis once I've seized the land.' When Tarchon had spumantisque rates aruis inferre Latinis, 300 finished speaking so, his comrades rose to the oars donec rostra tenent siccum et sedere carinae and drove their foam-wet ships onto the Latin omnes innocuae. sed non puppis tua, Tarchon: fields, till the rams gained dry ground and all the namque inflicta uadis, dorso dum pendet iniquo hulls came to rest unharmed. But not yours, anceps sustentata diu fluctusque fatigat, Tarchon, since, striking the shallows, she hung on soluitur atque uiros mediis exponit in undis, 305 an uneven ridge poised for a while, unbalanced, fragmina remorum quos et fluitantia transtra and, tiring the waves, broke and pitched her crew impediunt retrahitque pedes simul unda relabens. into the water, broken oars and floating benches obstructed them and at the same time the ebbing waves sucked at their feet. Lines 308-425 The Pitched Battle Nec Turnum segnis retinet mora, sed rapit acer But the long delay didn't keep Turnus back: swiftly totam aciem in Teucros et contra in litore sistit. he moved his whole front against the Trojans, and signa canunt. primus turmas inuasit agrestis 310 stood against them on the shore. The trumpets Aeneas, omen pugnae, strauitque Latinos sounded. Aeneas, first, attacked the ranks of occiso Therone, uirum qui maximus ultro farmers, as a sign of battle, and toppled the Latins, Aenean petit. huic gladio perque aerea suta, killing Theron, noblest of men, who unprompted per tunicam squalentem auro latus haurit apertum. sought out Aeneas. The sword drank from his side, inde Lichan ferit exsectum iam matre perempta 315 pierced through the bronze joints, and the tunic et tibi, Phoebe, sacrum: casus euadere ferri scaled with gold. Then he struck Lichas, who had quo licuit paruo? nec longe Cissea durum been cut from the womb of his dead mother and immanemque Gyan sternentis agmina claua consecrated to you, Phoebus: why was he allowed deiecit leto; nihil illos Herculis arma to evade the blade at birth? Soon after, he toppled nec ualidae iuuere manus genitorque Melampus, in death tough Cisseus, and huge Gyas, as they laid 320 men low with their clubs: Hercules's weapons were Alcidae comes usque grauis dum terra labores no help, nor their stout hands nor Melampus their praebuit. ecce Pharo, uoces dum iactat inertis, father, Hercules's friend, while earth granted him intorquens iaculum clamanti sistit in ore. heavy labours. See, Aeneas hurled his javelin as tu quoque, flauentem prima lanugine malas Pharus uttered words in vain, and planted it in his dum sequeris Clytium infelix, noua gaudia, Cydon, noisy gullet. You too, unhappy Cydon, as you 325 followed Clytius, your new delight, his cheeks Dardania stratus dextra, securus amorum golden with youthful down, you too would have qui iuuenum tibi semper erant, miserande iaceres, fallen beneath the Trojan hand, and lain there, ni fratrum stipata cohors foret obuia, Phorci wretched, free of that love of youth that was ever progenies, septem numero, septenaque tela yours, had the massed ranks of your brothers, not coniciunt; partim galea clipeoque resultant 330 opposed him, the children of Phorcus, seven in inrita, deflexit partim stringentia corpus number, seven the spears they threw: some glanced alma Uenus. fidum Aeneas adfatur Achaten: idly from helmet and shield, some gentle Venus 'suggere tela mihi, non ullum dextera frustra deflected, so they only grazed his body. Aeneas torserit in Rutulos, steterunt quae in corpore spoke to faithful Achates: 'Supply me with spears, Graium those that lodged in the bodies of Greeks on Ilium's Iliacis campis.' tum magnam corripit hastam 335 plain: my right hand won't hurl any at these et iacit: illa uolans clipei transuerberat aera Rutulians in vain.' Then he grasped a great javelin Maeonis et thoraca simul cum pectore rumpit. and threw it: flying on, it crashed through the huic frater subit Alcanor fratremque ruentem bronze of Maeon's shield, smashing breastplate and sustentat dextra: traiecto missa lacerto breast in one go. His brother Alcanor was there, protinus hasta fugit seruatque cruenta tenorem, 340 supporting his brother with his right arm as he fell: dexteraque ex umero neruis moribunda pependit. piercing the arm, the spear flew straight on, tum Numitor iaculo fratris de corpore rapto keeping its blood-wet course, and the lifeless arm Aenean petiit: sed non et figere contra hung by the shoulder tendons. Then Numitor, est licitum, magnique femur perstrinxit Achatae. ripping the javelin from his brother's body, aimed at Hic Curibus fidens primaeuo corpore Clausus 345 Aeneas: but he could not strike at him in return, and aduenit et rigida Dryopem ferit eminus hasta grazed great Achates's thigh. Now Clausus of Cures sub mentum grauiter pressa, pariterque loquentis approached, relying on his youthful strength, and uocem animamque rapit traiecto gutture; at ille hit Dryopes under the chin from a distance away, fronte ferit terram et crassum uomit ore cruorem. with his rigid spear, driven with force, and, piercing tris quoque Threicios Boreae de gente suprema 350 his throat as he spoke, took his voice and life et tris quos Idas pater et patria Ismara mittit, together: he hit the ground with his forehead, and per uarios sternit casus. accurrit Halaesus spewed thick blood from his mouth. Clausus Auruncaeque manus, subit et Neptunia proles, toppled, in various ways, three Thracians too, of insignis Messapus equis. expellere tendunt Boreas's exalted race, and three whom Idas their nunc hi, nunc illi: certatur limine in ipso 355 father and their native Ismarus sent out. Halaesus Ausoniae. magno discordes aethere uenti ran to join him, and the Auruncan Band, and proelia ceu tollunt animis et uiribus aequis; Messapus, Neptune's scion, with his glorious non ipsi inter se, non nubila, non mare cedit; horses. Now one side, now the other strained to anceps pugna diu, stant obnixa omnia contra: push back the enemy: the struggle was at the very haud aliter Troianae acies aciesque Latinae 360 threshold of Italy. As warring winds, equal in force concurrunt, haeret pede pes densusque uiro uir. and purpose, rise to do battle in the vast heavens At parte ex alia, qua saxa rotantia late and between them neither yield either clouds or intulerat torrens arbustaque diruta ripis, sea: the battle is long in doubt, all things stand Arcadas insuetos acies inferre pedestris locked in conflict: so the ranks of Troy clashed ut uidit Pallas Latio dare terga sequaci, 365 with the Latin ranks, foot against foot, man pressed aspera aquis natura loci dimittere quando hard against man. But in another place, where a suasit equos, unum quod rebus restat egenis, torrent had rolled and scattered boulders, with nunc prece, nunc dictis uirtutem accendit amaris; bushes torn from the banks, far and wide, Pallas, 'quo fugitis, socii? per uos et fortia facta, seeing his Arcadians unused to charging in ranks per ducis Euandri nomen deuictaque bella 370 on foot turning to run from the pursuing Latins, spemque meam, patriae quae nunc subit aemula because the nature of the ground, churned by water, laudi, had persuaded them to leave their horses for once, fidite ne pedibus. ferro rumpenda per hostis now with prayers, and now with bitter words, the est uia. qua globus ille uirum densissimus urget, sole recourse in time of need, fired their courage: hac uos et Pallanta ducem patria alta reposcit. 'Friends, where are you running to? Don't trust to numina nulla premunt, mortali urgemur ab hoste flight, by your brave deeds, by King Evander's 375 name, and the wars you've won, and my hopes, mortales; totidem nobis animaeque manusque. now seeking to emulate my father's glory. We must ecce maris magna claudit nos obice pontus, hack a way through the enemy with our swords. deest iam terra fugae: pelagus Troiamne petamus?' Your noble country calls you and your leader haec ait, et medius densos prorumpit in hostis. Pallas, to where the ranks of men are densest. No Obuius huic primum fatis adductus iniquis 380 gods attack us. We are mortals driven before a fit Lagus. hunc, uellit magno dum pondere saxum, mortal foe: we have as many lives, as many hands intorto figit telo, discrimina costis as they do. Look, the ocean closes us in with a vast per medium qua spina dabat, hastamque receptat barrier of water, there's no land left to flee to: shall ossibus haerentem. quem non super occupat Hisbo, we seek the seas or Troy?' He spoke, and rushed ille quidem hoc sperans; nam Pallas ante ruentem, into the midst of the close-packed enemy. Lagus 385 met him first, drawn there by a hostile fate. As he dum furit, incautum crudeli morte sodalis tore at a huge weight of stone, Pallas pierced him excipit atque ensem tumido in pulmone recondit. where the spine parts the ribs in two, with the spear hinc Sthenium petit et Rhoeti de gente uetusta he hurled, and plucked out the spear again as it Anchemolum thalamos ausum incestare nouercae. lodged in the bone. Nor did Hisbo surprise him uos etiam, gemini, Rutulis cecidistis in aruis, 390 from above, hopeful though he was, since, as he Daucia, Laride Thymberque, simillima proles, rushed in, raging recklessly at his friend's cruel indiscreta suis gratusque parentibus error; death, Pallas intercepted him first, and buried his at nunc dura dedit uobis discrimina Pallas. sword in his swollen chest. Next Pallas attacked nam tibi, Thymbre, caput Euandrius abstulit ensis; Sthenius, and Anchemolus, of Rhoetus's ancient te decisa suum, Laride, dextera quaerit 395 line, who had dared to violate his step-mother's semianimesque micant digiti ferrumque retractant. bed. You, twin brothers, also fell in the Rutulian Arcadas accensos monitu et praeclara tuentis fields, Laridus and Thymber, the sons of Daucus, facta uiri mixtus dolor et pudor armat in hostis. so alike you were indistinguishable to kin, and a Tum Pallas biiugis fugientem Rhoetea praeter dear confusion to your parents: but now Pallas has traicit. hoc spatium tantumque morae fuit Ilo; 400 given you a cruel separateness. For Evander's Ilo namque procul ualidam derexerat hastam, sword swept off your head, Thymber: while your quam medius Rhoeteus intercipit, optime Teuthra, right hand, Laridus, sought its owner, and the dying te fugiens fratremque Tyren, curruque uolutus fingers twitched and clutched again at the sword. caedit semianimis Rutulorum calcibus arua. Fired by his rebuke and seeing his glorious deeds, a ac uelut optato uentis aestate coortis 405 mixture of remorse and pain roused the Arcadians dispersa immittit siluis incendia pastor, against their enemy. Then Pallas pierced Rhoetus correptis subito mediis extenditur una as he shot past in his chariot. Ilus gained that much horrida per latos acies Uolcania campos, time and that much respite, since he had launched ille sedens uictor flammas despectat ouantis: his solid spear at Ilus from far off, which Rhoetus non aliter socium uirtus coit omnis in unum 410 received, as he fled from you, noble Teuthras and teque iuuat, Palla. sed bellis acer Halaesus your brother Tyres, and rolling from the chariot he tendit in aduersos seque in sua colligit arma. struck the Rutulian fields with his heels as he died. hic mactat Ladona Pheretaque Demodocumque, As in summer, when a hoped-for wind has risen, Strymonio dextram fulgenti deripit ense the shepherd sets scattered fires in the woods, the elatam in iugulum, saxo ferit ora Thoantis 415 spaces between catch light, and Vulcan's bristling ossaque dispersit cerebro permixta cruento. ranks extend over the broad fields, while the fata canens siluis genitor celarat Halaesum; shepherd sits and gazes down in triumph over the ut senior leto canentia lumina soluit, joyful flames: so all your comrades' courage united iniecere manum Parcae telisque sacrarunt as one to aid you Pallas. But Halaesus, fierce in Euandri. quem sic Pallas petit ante precatus: 420 war, advanced against them and gathered himself 'da nunc, Thybri pater, ferro, quod missile libro, behind his shield. He killed Ladon, Pheres and fortunam atque uiam duri per pectus Halaesi. Demodocus, struck off Strymonius's right hand, haec arma exuuiasque uiri tua quercus habebit.' raised towards his throat, with his shining sword, audiit illa deus; dum texit Imaona Halaesus, and smashed Thoas in the face with a stone, Arcadio infelix telo dat pectus inermum. 425 scattering bone mixed with blood and brain. Halaesus's father, prescient of fate, had hidden him in the woods: but when, in white-haired old age, the father closed his eyes in death, the Fates laid their hands on Halaesus and doomed him to Evander's spear. Pallas attacked him first praying: 'Grant luck to the spear I aim to throw, father Tiber, and a path through sturdy Halaesus's chest. Your oak shall have the these weapons and the soldier's spoils.' The god heard his prayer: while Halaesus covered Imaon he sadly exposed his unshielded chest to the Arcadian spear. Lines 426-509 The Death of Pallas At non caede uiri tanta perterrita Lausus, But Lausus, a powerful force in the war, would not pars ingens belli, sinit agmina: primus Abantem allow his troops to be dismayed by the hero's great oppositum interimit, pugnae nodumque moramque. slaughter: first he killed Abas opposite, a knotty sternitur Arcadiae proles, sternuntur Etrusci obstacle in the battle. The youth of Arcadia fell, the et uos, o Grais imperdita corpora, Teucri. 430 Etruscans fell, and you, O Trojans, men not even agmina concurrunt ducibusque et uiribus aequis; destroyed by the Greeks. The armies met, equal in extremi addensent acies nec turba moueri leadership and strength: the rear and front closed tela manusque sinit. hinc Pallas instat et urget, ranks, and the crush prevented weapons or hands hinc contra Lausus, nec multum discrepat aetas, from moving. Here, Pallas pressed and urged, there egregii forma, sed quis Fortuna negarat 435 Lausus opposed him, not many years between in patriam reditus. ipsos concurrere passus them, both of outstanding presence, but Fortune haud tamen inter se magni regnator Olympi; had denied them a return to their country. Yet the mox illos sua fata manent maiore sub hoste. king of great Olympos did not allow them to meet Interea soror alma monet succedere Lauso face to face: their fate was waiting for them soon, at Turnum, qui uolucri curru medium secat agmen. the hand of a greater opponent. Meanwhile 440 Turnus's gentle sister Juturna adjured him to help ut uidit socios: 'tempus desistere pugnae; Lausus, and he parted the ranks between in his solus ego in Pallanta feror, soli mihi Pallas swift chariot. When he saw his comrades he cried: debetur; cuperem ipse parens spectator adesset.' 'It's time to hold back from the fight: it's for me haec ait, et socii cesserunt aequore iusso. alone to attack Pallas, Pallas is mine alone: I wish at Rutulum abscessu iuuenis tum iussa superba 445 his father were here to see it.' And his comrades miratus stupet in Turno corpusque per ingens drew back from the field as ordered. When the lumina uoluit obitque truci procul omnia uisu, Rutulians retired, then the youth, amazed at that talibus et dictis it contra dicta tyranni: proud command, marvelled at Turnus, casting his 'aut spoliis ego iam raptis laudabor opimis eyes over the mighty body, surveying all of him aut leto insigni: sorti pater aequus utrique est. 450 from the distance with a fierce look, and answered tolle minas.' fatus medium procedit in aequor; the ruler's words with these: 'I'll soon be praised for frigidus Arcadibus coit in praecordia sanguis. taking rich spoils, or for a glorious death: my father desiluit Turnus biiugis, pedes apparat ire is equal to either fate for me: away with your comminus; utque leo, specula cum uidit ab alta threats.' So saying he marched down the centre of stare procul campis meditantem in proelia taurum, the field: the blood gathered, chill, in Arcadian 455 hearts. Turnus leapt from his chariot, preparing to aduolat, haud alia est Turni uenientis imago. close on foot, and the sight of the advancing hunc ubi contiguum missae fore credidit hastae, Turnus, was no different than that of a lion, seeing ire prior Pallas, si qua fors adiuuet ausum from a high point a bull far off on the plain uiribus imparibus, magnumque ita ad aethera fatur: contemplating battle, and rushing down. But Pallas 'per patris hospitium et mensas, quas aduena adisti, came forward first, when he thought Turnus might 460 be within spear-throw, so that chance might help te precor, Alcide, coeptis ingentibus adsis. him, in venturing his unequal strength, and so he cernat semineci sibi me rapere arma cruenta spoke to the mighty heavens: 'I pray you, Hercules, uictoremque ferant morientia lumina Turni.' by my father's hospitality and the feast to which audiit Alcides iuuenem magnumque sub imo you came as a stranger, assist my great enterprise. corde premit gemitum lacrimasque effundit inanis. Let me strip the blood-drenched armour from his 465 dying limbs, and let Turnus's failing sight meet its tum genitor natum dictis adfatur amicis: conqueror.' Hercules heard the youth, and stifled a 'stat sua cuique dies, breue et inreparabile tempus heavy sigh deep in his heart, and wept tears in vain. omnibus est uitae; sed famam extendere factis, Then Jupiter the father spoke to Hercules, his son, hoc uirtutis opus. Troiae sub moenibus altis with kindly words: 'Every man has his day, the tot gnati cecidere deum, quin occidit una 470 course of life is brief and cannot be recalled: but Sarpedon, mea progenies; etiam sua Turnum virtue's task is this, to increase fame by deeds. So fata uocant metasque dati peruenit ad aeui.' many sons of gods fell beneath the high walls of sic ait, atque oculos Rutulorum reicit aruis. Troy, yes, and my own son Sarpedon among them: At Pallas magnis emittit uiribus hastam fate calls even for Turnus, and he too has reached uaginaque caua fulgentem deripit ensem. 475 the end of the years granted to him.' So he spoke, illa uolans umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa and turned his eyes from the Rutulian fields. Then incidit, atque uiam clipei molita per oras Pallas threw his spear with all his might, and tandem etiam magno strinxit de corpore Turni. snatched his gleaming sword from its hollow hic Turnus ferro praefixum robur acuto sheath. The shaft flew and struck Turnus, where the in Pallanta diu librans iacit atque ita fatur: 480 top of the armour laps the shoulder, and forcing a 'aspice num mage sit nostrum penetrabile telum.' way through the rim of his shield at last, even dixerat; at clipeum, tot ferri terga, tot aeris, grazed his mighty frame. At this, Turnus hurled his quem pellis totiens obeat circumdata tauri, oak spear tipped with sharp steel, long levelled at uibranti cuspis medium transuerberat ictu Pallas, saying: 'See if this weapon of mine isn't of loricaeque moras et pectus perforat ingens. 485 greater sharpness.' The spear-head, with a quivering ille rapit calidum frustra de uulnere telum: blow, tore through the centre of his shield, passed una eademque uia sanguis animusque sequuntur. through all the layers of iron, of bronze, all the corruit in uulnus (sonitum super arma dedere) overlapping bull's-hide, piercing the breastplate, et terram hostilem moriens petit ore cruento. and the mighty chest. Vainly he pulled the hot quem Turnus super adsistens: 490 spear from the wound: blood and life followed, by 'Arcades, haec' inquit 'memores mea dicta referte one and the same path. He fell in his own blood Euandro: qualem meruit, Pallanta remitto. (his weapons clanged over him) and he struck the quisquis honos tumuli, quidquid solamen humandi hostile earth in death with gory lips. Then Turnus, est, standing over him, cried out: 'Arcadians, take note, largior. haud illi stabunt Aeneia paruo and carry these words of mine to Evander: I return hospitia.' et laeuo pressit pede talia fatus 495 Pallas to him as he deserves. I freely give whatever exanimem rapiens immania pondera baltei honours lie in a tomb, whatever solace there is in impressumque nefas: una sub nocte iugali burial. His hospitality to Aeneas will cost him caesa manus iuuenum foede thalamique cruenti, greatly.' So saying he planted his left foot on the quae Clonus Eurytides multo caelauerat auro; corpse, and tore away the huge weight of Pallas's quo nunc Turnus ouat spolio gaudetque potitus. 500 belt, engraved with the Danaids' crime: that band of nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae young men foully murdered on the same wedding et seruare modum rebus sublata secundis! night: the blood-drenched marriage chambers: that Turno tempus erit magno cum optauerit emptum Clonus, son of Eurytus had richly chased in gold. intactum Pallanta, et cum spolia ista diemque Now Turnus exulted at the spoil, and gloried in oderit. at socii multo gemitu lacrimisque 505 winning. Oh, human mind, ignorant of fate or impositum scuto referunt Pallanta frequentes. fortune to come, or of how to keep to the limits, o dolor atque decus magnum rediture parenti, exalted by favourable events! The time will come haec te prima dies bello dedit, haec eadem aufert, for Turnus when he'd prefer to have bought an cum tamen ingentis Rutulorum linquis aceruos! untouched Pallas at great price, and will hate those spoils and the day. So his friends crowded round Pallas with many groans and tears, and carried him back, lying on his shield. O the great grief and glory in returning to your father: that day first gave you to warfare, the same day took you from it, while nevertheless you left behind vast heaps of Rutulian dead! Lines 510-605 Aeneas Rages In Battle Nec iam fama mali tanti, sed certior auctor 510 Now not merely a rumour of this great evil, but a aduolat Aeneae tenui discrimine leti more trustworthy messenger flew to Aeneas, saying esse suos, tempus uersis succurrere Teucris. that his men were a hair's breadth from death, that it proxima quaeque metit gladio latumque per agmen was time to help the routed Trojans. Seeking you, ardens limitem agit ferro, te, Turne, superbum Turnus, you, proud of your fresh slaughter, he caede noua quaerens. Pallas, Euander, in ipsis 515 mowed down his nearest enemies, with the sword, omnia sunt oculis, mensae quas aduena primas and fiercely drove a wide path through the ranks tunc adiit, dextraeque datae. Sulmone creatos with its blade. Pallas, Evander, all was before his quattuor hic iuuenes, totidem quos educat Ufens, eyes, the feast to which he had first come as a uiuentis rapit, inferias quos immolet umbris stranger, the right hands pledged in friendship. captiuoque rogi perfundat sanguine flammas. 520 Then he captured four youths alive, sons of Sulmo, inde Mago procul infensam contenderat hastam: and as many reared by Ufens, to sacrifice to the ille astu subit, at tremibunda superuolat hasta, shades of the dead, and sprinkle the flames of the et genua amplectens effatur talia supplex: pyre with the prisoners' blood. Next he aimed a 'per patrios manis et spes surgentis Iuli hostile spear at Magus from a distance: Magus te precor, hanc animam serues gnatoque patrique. moved in cleverly, and the spear flew over him, 525 quivering, and he clasped the hero's knees as a est domus alta, iacent penitus defossa talenta suppliant, and spoke as follows: 'I beg you, by your caelati argenti, sunt auri pondera facti father's shade, by your hope in your boy Iulus, infectique mihi. non hic uictoria Teucrum preserve my life, for my son and my father. I have a uertitur aut anima una dabit discrimina tanta.' noble house: talents of chased silver lie buried dixerat. Aeneas contra cui talia reddit: 530 there: I have masses of wrought and unwrought 'argenti atque auri memoras quae multa talenta gold. Troy's victory does not rest with me: one life gnatis parce tuis. belli commercia Turnus will not make that much difference.' Aeneas replied sustulit ista prior iam tum Pallante perempto. to him in this way: 'Keep those many talents of hoc patris Anchisae manes, hoc sentit Iulus.' silver and gold you mention for your sons. Turnus, sic fatus galeam laeua tenet atque reflexa 535 before we spoke, did away with the courtesies of ceruice orantis capulo tenus applicat ensem. war, the moment he killed Pallas. So my father nec procul Haemonides, Phoebi Triuiaeque Anchises's spirit thinks, so does Iulus.' Saying this sacerdos, he held the helmet with his left hand and, bending infula cui sacra redimibat tempora uitta, the suppliant's neck backwards, drove in his sword totus conlucens ueste atque insignibus albis. to the hilt. Haemon's son, a priest of Apollo and quem congressus agit campo, lapsumque superstans Diana, was not far away, the band with its sacred 540 ribbons circling his temples, and all his robes and immolat ingentique umbra tegit, arma Serestus emblems shining white. Aeneas met him and drove lecta refert umeris tibi, rex Gradiue, tropaeum. him over the plain, then, standing over the fallen Instaurant acies Uolcani stirpe creatus man, killed him and cloaked him in mighty Caeculus et ueniens Marsorum montibus Umbro. darkness: Serestus collected and carried off his Dardanides contra furit: Anxuris ense sinistram 545 weapons on his shoulders, a trophy for you, King et totum clipei ferro deiecerat orbem Gradivus. Caeculus, born of the race of Vulcan, and (dixerat ille aliquid magnum uimque adfore uerbo Umbro who came from the Marsian hills restored crediderat, caeloque animum fortasse ferebat order, the Trojan raged against them: his sword canitiemque sibi et longos promiserat annos); sliced off Anxur's left arm, it fell to the ground with Tarquitus exsultans contra fulgentibus armis, 550 the whole disc of his shield (Anxur had shouted siluicolae Fauno Dryope quem nympha crearat, some boast, trusting the power of words, lifting his obuius ardenti sese obtulit. ille reducta spirit high perhaps, promising himself white-haired loricam clipeique ingens onus impedit hasta, old age and long years): then Tarquitus nearby, tum caput orantis nequiquam et multa parantis proud in his gleaming armour, whom the nymph dicere deturbat terrae, truncumque tepentem 555 Dryope had born to Faunus of the woods, exposed prouoluens super haec inimico pectore fatur: himself to fiery Aeneas. He, drawing back his 'istic nunc, metuende, iace. non te optima mater spear, pinned the breastplate and the huge weight of condet humi patrioque onerabit membra sepulcro: shield together: then as the youth begged in vain, alitibus linquere feris, aut gurgite mersum and tried to utter a flow of words, he struck his unda feret piscesque impasti uulnera lambent.' 560 head to the ground and, rolling the warm trunk protinus Antaeum et Lucam, prima agmina Turni, over, spoke these words above him, from a hostile persequitur, fortemque Numam fuluumque heart: 'Lie there now, one to be feared. No noble Camertem, mother will bury you in the earth, nor weight your magnanimo Uolcente satum, ditissimus agri limbs with an ancestral tomb: you'll be left for the qui fuit Ausonidum et tacitis regnauit Amyclis. carrion birds, or, sunk in the abyss, the flood will Aegaeon qualis, centum cui bracchia dicunt 565 bear you, and hungry fish suck your wounds.' Then centenasque manus, quinquaginta oribus ignem he caught up with Antaeus, and Lucas, in Turnus's pectoribusque arsisse, Iouis cum fulmina contra front line, brave Numa and auburn Camers, son of tot paribus streperet clipeis, tot stringeret ensis: noble Volcens, the wealthiest in Ausonian land, sic toto Aeneas desaeuit in aequore uictor who ruled silent Amyclae. Once his sword was hot, ut semel intepuit mucro. quin ecce Niphaei 570 victorious Aeneas raged over the whole plain, like quadriiugis in equos aduersaque pectora tendit. Aegeaon, who had a hundred arms and a hundred atque illi longe gradientem et dira frementem hands they say, and breathed fire from fifty chests ut uidere, metu uersi retroque ruentes and mouths, when he clashed with as many like effunduntque ducem rapiuntque ad litora currus. shields of his and drew as many swords against Interea biiugis infert se Lucagus albis 575 Jove's lightning-bolts. See now he was headed in medios fraterque Liger; sed frater habenis towards the four horse team of Niphaeus's chariot flectit equos, strictum rotat acer Lucagus ensem. and the opposing front. And when the horses saw haud tulit Aeneas tanto feruore furentis; him taking great strides in his deadly rage, they inruit aduersaque ingens apparuit hasta. shied and galloped in fear, throwing their master, cui Liger: 580 and dragging the chariot to the shore. Meanwhile 'non Diomedis equos nec currum cernis Achilli Lucagus and his brother Liger entered the fray in aut Phrygiae campos: nunc belli finis et aeui their chariot with two white horses: Liger handling his dabitur terris.' uesano talia late the horses' reins, fierce Lucagus waving his naked dicta uolant Ligeri. sed non et Troius heros sword. Aeneas could not tolerate such furious hot- dicta parat contra, iaculum nam torquet in hostis. headedness: he rushed at them, and loomed up 585 gigantic with levelled spear. Liger said to him: Lucagus ut pronus pendens in uerbera telo 'These are not Diomedes's horses that you see, nor admonuit biiugos, proiecto dum pede laeuo Achille's chariot, nor Phrygia's plain: now you'll be aptat se pugnae, subit oras hasta per imas dealt an end to your war and life.' Such were the fulgentis clipei, tum laeuum perforat inguen; words that flew far, from foolish Liger's lips. But excussus curru moribundus uoluitur aruis. 590 the Trojan hero did not ready words in reply, he quem pius Aeneas dictis adfatur amaris: hurled his spear then against his enemies. While 'Lucage, nulla tuos currus fuga segnis equorum Lucagus urged on his horses, leaning forward prodidit aut uanae uertere ex hostibus umbrae: towards the spear's blow, as, with left foot ipse rotis saliens iuga deseris.' haec ita fatus advanced, he prepared himself for battle, the spear arripuit biiugos; frater tendebat inertis 595 entered the lower rim of his bright shield, then infelix palmas curru delapsus eodem: pierced the left thigh: thrown from the chariot he 'per te, per qui te talem genuere parentes, rolled on the ground in death: while noble Aeneas uir Troiane, sine hanc animam et miserere spoke bitter words to him: 'Lucagus, it was not the precantis.' flight of your horses in fear that betrayed your pluribus oranti Aeneas: 'haud talia dudum chariot, or the enemy's idle shadow that turned dicta dabas. morere et fratrem ne desere frater.' 600 them: it was you, leaping from the wheels, who tum latebras animae pectus mucrone recludit. relinquished the reins.' So saying he grasped at the talia per campos edebat funera ductor chariot: the wretched brother, Liger, who had fallen Dardanius torrentis aquae uel turbinis atri as well, held, out his helpless hands: 'Trojan hero, more furens. tandem erumpunt et castra relinquunt by your own life, by your parents who bore such a Ascanius puer et nequiquam obsessa iuuentus. 605 son, take pity I beg you, without taking this life away.' As he begged more urgently, Aeaneas said: 'Those were not the words you spoke before. Die and don't let brother desert brother.' Then he sliced open his chest where the life is hidden. Such were the deaths the Trojan leader caused across that plain, raging like a torrent of water or a dark tempest. At last his child, Ascanius, and the men who were besieged in vain, breaking free, left the camp. Lines 606-688 Juno Withdraws Turnus from the Fight Iunonem interea compellat Iuppiter ultro: Meanwhile Jupiter, unasked, spoke to Juno: 'O my 'o germana mihi atque eadem gratissima coniunx, sister, and at the same time my dearest wife, as you ut rebare, Uenus (nec te sententia fallit) thought (your judgement is not wrong) it is Venus Troianas sustentat opes, non uiuida bello who sustains the Trojans' power, not their own right dextra uiris animusque ferox patiensque pericli.' hands, so ready for war, nor their fierce spirits, 610 tolerant of danger.' Juno spoke submissively to cui Iuno summissa: 'quid, o pulcherrime coniunx, him: 'O loveliest of husbands why do you trouble sollicitas aegram et tua tristia dicta timentem? me, who am ill, and fearful of your harsh si mihi, quae quondam fuerat quamque esse commands? If my love had the power it once had, decebat, that is my right, you, all-powerful, would surely not uis in amore foret, non hoc mihi namque negares, deny me this, to withdraw Turnus from the conflict omnipotens, quin et pugnae subducere Turnum 615 and save him, unharmed, for his father, Daunus. et Dauno possem incolumem seruare parenti. Let him die then, let him pay the Trojans in nunc pereat Teucrisque pio det sanguine poenas. innocent blood. Yet he derives his name from our ille tamen nostra deducit origine nomen line: Pilumnus was his ancestor four generations Pilumnusque illi quartus pater, et tua larga back, and often weighted your threshold with saepe manu multisque onerauit limina donis.' 620 copious gifts from a lavish hand.' The king of cui rex aetherii breuiter sic fatur Olympi: heavenly Olympus briefly replied to her like this: 'si mora praesentis leti tempusque caduco 'If your prayer is for reprieve from imminent death oratur iuueni meque hoc ita ponere sentis, for your doomed prince, and you understand I so tolle fuga Turnum atque instantibus eripe fatis: ordain it, take Turnus away, in flight, snatch him hactenus indulsisse uacat. sin altior istis 625 from oncoming fate: there's room for that much sub precibus uenia ulla latet totumque moueri indulgence. But if thought of any greater favour mutariue putas bellum, spes pascis inanis.' hides behind your prayers, and you think this whole et Iuno adlacrimans: 'quid si, quae uoce grauaris, war may be deflected or altered, you nurture a vain mente dares atque haec Turno rata uita maneret? hope.' And Juno, replied, weeping: 'Why should nunc manet insontem grauis exitus, aut ego ueri your mind not grant what your tongue withholds, 630 and life be left to Turnus? Now, guiltless, a heavy uana feror. quod ut o potius formidine falsa doom awaits him or I stray empty of truth. Oh, that ludar, et in melius tua, qui potes, orsa reflectas!' I might be mocked by false fears, and that you, who Haec ubi dicta dedit, caelo se protinus alto are able to, might harbour kinder speech! When she misit agens hiemem nimbo succincta per auras, had spoken these words, she darted down at once Iliacamque aciem et Laurentia castra petiuit. 635 from high heaven through the air, driving a storm tum dea nube caua tenuem sine uiribus umbram before her, and wreathed in cloud, and sought the in faciem Aeneae (uisu mirabile monstrum) ranks of Ilium and the Laurentine camp. Then from Dardaniis ornat telis, clipeumque iubasque the cavernous mist the goddess decked out a weak diuini adsimulat capitis, dat inania uerba, and tenuous phantom, in the likeness of Aeneas, dat sine mente sonum gressusque effingit euntis, with Trojan weapons (a strange marvel to behold), 640 simulated his shield, and the plumes on his godlike morte obita qualis fama est uolitare figuras head, gave it insubstantial speech, gave it sound aut quae sopitos deludunt somnia sensus. without mind, and mimicked the way he walked: at primas laeta ante acies exsultat imago like shapes that flit, they say, after death, or dreams inritatque uirum telis et uoce lacessit. that in sleep deceive the senses. And the phantom instat cui Turnus stridentemque eminus hastam 645 flaunted itself exultantly in front of the leading conicit; illa dato uertit uestigia tergo. ranks, provoking Turnus with spear casts, and tum uero Aenean auersum ut cedere Turnus exasperating him with words. Turnus ran at it, and credidit atque animo spem turbidus hausit inanem: hurled a hissing spear from the distance: it turned 'quo fugis, Aenea? thalamos ne desere pactos; its heels in flight. Then, as Turnus thought that hac dabitur dextra tellus quaesita per undas.' 650 Aeneas had retreated and conceded, and in his talia uociferans sequitur strictumque coruscat confusion clung to this idle hope in his mind, he mucronem, nec ferre uidet sua gaudia uentos. cried: 'Where are you off to, Aeneas? Don't desert Forte ratis celsi coniuncta crepidine saxi your marriage pact: this hand of mine will grant expositis stabat scalis et ponte parato, you the earth you looked for over the seas.' He qua rex Clusinis aduectus Osinius oris. 655 pursued him, calling loudly, brandishing his naked huc sese trepida Aeneae fugientis imago sword, not seeing that the wind was carrying away conicit in latebras, nec Turnus segnior instat his glory. It chanced that the ship, in which King exsuperatque moras et pontis transilit altos. Osinius sailed from Clusium's shores, was moored uix proram attigerat, rumpit Saturnia funem to a high stone pier, with ladders released and auulsamque rapit reuoluta per aequora nauem. 660 gangway ready. The swift phantom of fleeing tum leuis haud ultra latebras iam quaerit imago, Aeneas sank into it to hide, and Turnus followed no 663 less swiftly, conquering all obstacles and leapt up sed sublime uolans nubi se immiscuit atrae, the high gangway. He had barely reached the prow illum autem Aeneas absentem in proelia poscit; 661 when Saturn's daughter snapped the cable, and, obuia multa uirum demittit corpora morti, snatching the ship, swept it over the waters. Then cum Turnum medio interea fert aequore turbo. 665 the vague phantom no longer tried to hide but, respicit ignarus rerum ingratusque salutis flying into the air, merged with a dark cloud. et duplicis cum uoce manus ad sidera tendit: Meanwhile Aeneas himself was challenging his 'omnipotens genitor, tanton me crimine dignum missing enemy to battle: and sending many duxisti et talis uoluisti expendere poenas? opposing warriors to their deaths, while the storm quo feror? unde abii? quae me fuga quemue carried Turnus over the wide ocean. Unaware of the reducit? 670 truth, and ungrateful for his rescue, he looked back Laurentisne iterum muros aut castra uidebo? and raised clasped hands and voice to heaven: 'All- quid manus illa uirum, qui me meaque arma secuti? powerful father, did you think me so worthy of quosque (nefas) omnis infanda in morte reliqui punishment, did you intend me to pay such a price? et nunc palantis uideo, gemitumque cadentum Where am I being taken? From whom am I accipio? quid ago? aut quae iam satis ima dehiscat escaping? Why am I fleeing: how will I return? 675 Will I see the walls and camp of Laurentium again? terra mihi? uos o potius miserescite, uenti; What of that company of men that followed me, in rupes, in saxa (uolens uos Turnus adoro) and my standard? Have I left them all (the shame of ferte ratem saeuisque uadis immittite syrtis, it) to a cruel death, seeing them scattered now, quo nec me Rutuli nec conscia fama sequatur.' hearing the groans as they fall? What shall I do? haec memorans animo nunc huc, nunc fluctuat Where is the earth that could gape wide enough for illuc, 680 me? Rather have pity on me, O winds: Drive the an sese mucrone ob tantum dedecus amens ship on the rocks, the reefs (I, Turnus, beg you, induat et crudum per costas exigat ensem, freely) or send it into the vicious quicksands, where fluctibus an iaciat mediis et litora nando no Rutulian, nor any knowing rumour of my shame curua petat Teucrumque iterum se reddat in arma. can follow me? So saying he debated this way and ter conatus utramque uiam, ter maxima Iuno 685 that in his mind, whether he should throw himself continuit iuuenemque animi miserata repressit. on his sword, mad with such disgrace, and drive the labitur alta secans fluctuque aestuque secundo cruel steel through his ribs, or plunge into the et patris antiquam Dauni defertur ad urbem. waves, and, by swimming, gain the curving bay, and hurl himself again at the Trojan weapons. Three times he attempted each: three times great Juno held him back, preventing him from heartfelt pity. He glided on, with the help of wave and tide, cutting the depths, and was carried to his father Daunus's ancient city. Lines 689-754 Mezentius Rages in Battle At Iouis interea monitis Mezentius ardens But meanwhile fiery Mezentius, warned by Jupiter, succedit pugnae Teucrosque inuadit ouantis. 690 took up the fight, and attacked the jubilant Trojans. concurrunt Tyrrhenae acies atque omnibus uni, The Etruscan ranks closed up, and concentrated all uni odiisque uiro telisque frequentibus instant. their hatred, and showers of missiles, on him alone. ille (uelut rupes uastum quae prodit in aequor, He (like a vast cliff that juts out into the vast deep, obuia uentorum furiis expostaque ponto, confronting the raging winds, and exposed to the uim cunctam atque minas perfert caelique marisque waves, suffering the force and threat of sky and sea, 695 itself left unshaken) felled Hebrus, son of ipsa immota manens) prolem Dolichaonis Hebrum Dolichaon, to the earth, with him were Latagus and sternit humi, cum quo Latagum Palmumque swift Palmus, but he anticipated Latagus, with a fugacem, huge fragment of rock from the hillside in his sed Latagum saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis mouth and face, while he hamstrung Palmus and occupat os faciemque aduersam, poplite Palmum left him writhing helplessly: he gave Lausus the succiso uolui segnem sinit, armaque Lauso 700 armour to protect his shoulders, and the plumes to donat habere umeris et uertice figere cristas. wear on his crest. He killed Evanthes too, the nec non Euanthen Phrygium Paridisque Mimanta Phrygian, and Mimas, Paris's friend and peer, aequalem comitemque, una quem nocte Theano whom Theano bore to his father Amycus on the in lucem genitore Amyco dedit et face praegnas same night Hecuba, Cisseus's royal daughter, Cisseis regina Parim; Paris urbe paterna 705 pregnant with a firebrand, gave birth to Paris: Paris occubat, ignarum Laurens habet ora Mimanta. lies in the city of his fathers, the Laurentine shore ac uelut ille canum morsu de montibus altis holds the unknown Mimas. And as a boar, that piny actus aper, multos Uesulus quem pinifer annos Vesulus has sheltered for many years and defendit multosque palus Laurentia silua Laurentine marshes have nourished with forests of pascit harundinea, postquam inter retia uentum est, reeds, is driven from the high hills, by snapping 710 hounds, and halts when it reaches the nets, snorts substitit infremuitque ferox et inhorruit armos, fiercely, hackles bristling, no one brave enough to nec cuiquam irasci propiusue accedere uirtus, rage at it, or approach it, but all attacking it with sed iaculis tutisque procul clamoribus instant; spears, and shouting from a safe distance: halts, ille autem impauidus partis cunctatur in omnis 717 unafraid, turning in every direction, grinding its dentibus infrendens et tergo decutit hastas: jaws, and shaking the spears from its hide: so none haud aliter, iustae quibus est Mezentius irae, 714 of those who were rightly angered with Mezentius non ulli est animus stricto concurrere ferro, had the courage to meet him with naked sword, but missilibus longe et uasto clamore lacessunt. provoked him from afar with their missiles, and a Uenerat antiquis Corythi de finibus Acron, 719 mighty clamour. Acron, a Greek had arrived there Graius homo, infectos linquens profugus from the ancient lands of Corythus, an exile, his hymenaeos. marriage ceremony left incomplete. When hunc ubi miscentem longe media agmina uidit, Mezentius saw him in the distance, embroiled purpureum pennis et pactae coniugis ostro, among the ranks, with crimson plumes, and in impastus stabula alta leo ceu saepe peragrans purple robes given by his promised bride, he rushed (suadet enim uesana fames), si forte fugacem eagerly into the thick of the foe, as a ravenous lion conspexit capream aut surgentem in cornua often ranges the high coverts (since a raging hunger ceruum, 725 drives it) and exults, with vast gaping jaws, if it gaudet hians immane comasque arrexit et haeret chances to see a fleeing roe-deer, or a stag with uisceribus super incumbens; lauit improba taeter immature horns, then clings crouching over the ora cruor— entrails, with bristling mane, its cruel mouth stained sic ruit in densos alacer Mezentius hostis. hideously with blood. Wretched Acron fell, striking sternitur infelix Acron et calcibus atram 730 the dark earth with his heels in dying, drenching his tundit humum exspirans infractaque tela cruentat. shattered weapons with blood. And he did not even atque idem fugientem haud est dignatus Oroden deign to kill Orodes as he fled, or inflict a hidden sternere nec iacta caecum dare cuspide uulnus; wound with a thrust of his spear: he ran to meet obuius aduersoque occurrit seque uiro uir him on the way, and opposed him man to man, contulit, haud furto melior sed fortibus armis. 735 getting the better of him by force of arms not tum super abiectum posito pede nixus et hasta: stealth. Then setting his foot on the fallen man, and 'pars belli haud temnenda, uiri, iacet altus Orodes.' straining at his spear, he called out: 'Soldiers, noble conclamant socii laetum paeana secuti; Orodes lies here, he was no small part of this ille autem exspirans: 'non me, quicumque es, inulto, battle.' His comrades shouted, taking up the joyful uictor, nec longum laetabere; te quoque fata 740 cry: Yet Orodes, dying, said: 'Whoever you are, prospectant paria atque eadem mox arua tenebis.' winner here, I'll not go unavenged, nor will you ad quem subridens mixta Mezentius ira: rejoice for long: a like fate watches for you: you'll 'nunc morere. ast de me diuum pater atque soon lie in these same fields.' Mezentius replied, hominum rex grinning with rage: 'Die now, as for me, the father uiderit.' hoc dicens eduxit corpore telum. of gods and king of men will see to that.' So saying olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget 745 he withdrew his spear from the warrior's body. somnus, in aeternam clauduntur lumina noctem. Enduring rest, and iron sleep, pressed on Orodes's Caedicus Alcathoum obtruncat, Sacrator Hydaspen eyes, and their light was shrouded in eternal night. partheniumque Rapo et praedurum uiribus Orsen, Caedicus killed Alcathous: Sacrator killed Messapus Cloniumque Lycaoniumque Erichaeten, Hydapses: Rapo killed Parthenius, and Orses of illum infrenis equi lapsu tellure iacentem, 750 outstanding strength. Messapus killed Clonius, and hunc peditem. pedes et Lycius processerat Agis, Ericetes, son of Lycaon, one lying on the ground quem tamen haud expers Ualerus uirtutis auitae fallen from his bridle-less horse, the other still on deicit; at Thronium Salius Saliumque Nealces his feet. Lycian Agis had advanced his feet but insidiis, iaculo et longe fallente sagitta. Valerus overthrew him, with no lack of his ancestors' skill: Salius killed Thronius, and Nealces, famed for the javelin, and the deceptive long-distance arrow, in turn killed Salcius. Lines 755-832 The Death of Mezentius's Son, Lausus Iam grauis aequabat luctus et mutua Mauors 755 Now grievous War dealt grief and death mutually: funera; caedebant pariter pariterque ruebant they killed alike, and alike they died, winners and uictores uictique, neque his fuga nota neque illis. losers, and neither one nor the other knew how to di Iouis in tectis iram miserantur inanem flee. The gods in Jupiter's halls pitied the useless amborum et tantos mortalibus esse labores; anger of them both, and that such pain existed for hinc Uenus, hinc contra spectat Saturnia Iuno. 760 mortal beings: here Venus gazed down, here, pallida Tisiphone media inter milia saeuit. opposite, Saturnian Juno. Pale Tisiphone raged At uero ingentem quatiens Mezentius hastam among the warring thousands. And now Mezentius turbidus ingreditur campo. quam magnus Orion, shaking his mighty spear, advanced like a cum pedes incedit medii per maxima Nerei whirlwind over the field. Great as Orion, when he stagna uiam scindens, umero supereminet undas, strides through Ocean's deepest chasms, forging a 765 way, his shoulders towering above the waves, or aut summis referens annosam montibus ornum carrying an ancient manna ash down from the ingrediturque solo et caput inter nubila condit, mountain heights, walking the earth, with his head talis se uastis infert Mezentius armis. hidden in the clouds, so Mezentius advanced in his huic contra Aeneas speculatus in agmine longo giant's armour. Aeneas, opposite, catching sight of obuius ire parat. manet imperterritus ille 770 him in the far ranks prepared to go and meet him. hostem magnanimum opperiens, et mole sua stat; Mezentius stood there unafraid, waiting for his atque oculis spatium emensus quantum satis hastae: great-hearted enemy, firm in his great bulk: and 'dextra mihi deus et telum, quod missile libro, measuring with his eye what distance would suit nunc adsint! uoueo praedonis corpore raptis his spear, saying: 'Now let this right hand that is my indutum spoliis ipsum te, Lause, tropaeum 775 god, and the weapon I level to throw, aid me! I vow Aeneae.' dixit, stridentemque eminus hastam that you yourself, Lausus, as token of my victory iecit. at illa uolans clipeo est excussa proculque over Aeneas, shall be dressed in the spoils stripped egregium Antoren latus inter et ilia figit, from that robber's corpse.' He spoke, and threw the Herculis Antoren comitem, qui missus ab Argis hissing spear from far out. But, flying on, it glanced haeserat Euandro atque Itala consederat urbe. 780 from the shield, and pierced the handsome Antores, sternitur infelix alieno uulnere, caelumque nearby, between flank and thigh, Antores, friend of aspicit et dulcis moriens reminiscitur Argos. Hercules, sent from Argos who had joined Evander, tum pius Aeneas hastam iacit; illa per orbem and settled in an Italian city. Unhappy man, he fell aere cauum triplici, per linea terga tribusque to a wound meant for another, and dying, gazing at transiit intextum tauris opus, imaque sedit 785 the sky, remembered sweet Argos. Then virtuous inguine, sed uiris haud pertulit. ocius ensem Aeneas hurled a spear: it passed through Aeneas uiso Tyrrheni sanguine laetus Mezentius's curved shield of triple-bronze, through eripit a femine et trepidanti feruidus instat. linen, and the interwoven layers of three bull's ingemuit cari grauiter genitoris amore, hides, and lodged deep in the groin, but failed to ut uidit, Lausus, lacrimaeque per ora uolutae— 790 drive home with force. Aeneas, joyful at the sight hic mortis durae casum tuaque optima facta, of the Tuscan blood, snatched the sword from his si qua fidem tanto est operi latura uetustas, side, and pressed his shaken enemy hotly. Lausus, non equidem nec te, iuuenis memorande, silebo— seeing it, groaned heavily for love of his father, and ille pedem referens et inutilis inque ligatus tears rolled down his cheeks – and here I'll not be cedebat clipeoque inimicum hastile trahebat. 795 silent, for my part, about your harsh death, through proripuit iuuenis seseque immiscuit armis, fate, nor, if future ages place belief in such deeds, iamque adsurgentis dextra plagamque ferentis your actions, so glorious, nor you yourself, youth, Aeneae subiit mucronem ipsumque morando worthy of remembrance – his father was retreating, sustinuit; socii magno clamore sequuntur, yielding ground, helpless, hampered, dragging the dum genitor nati parma protectus abiret, 800 enemy lance along with his shield. The youth ran telaque coniciunt perturbantque eminus hostem forward, and plunged into the fray, and, just as missilibus. furit Aeneas tectusque tenet se. Aeneas's right hand lifted to strike a blow, he ac uelut effusa si quando grandine nimbi snatched at the sword-point, and checked him in praecipitant, omnis campis diffugit arator delay: his friends followed with great clamour, and, omnis et agricola, et tuta latet arce uiator 805 with a shower of spears, forced the enemy to keep aut amnis ripis aut alti fornice saxi, his distance till the father could withdraw, dum pluit in terris, ut possint sole reducto protected by his son's shield. Aeneas raged, but exercere diem: sic obrutus undique telis kept himself under cover. As every ploughman and Aeneas nubem belli, dum detonet omnis, farmer runs from the fields when storm-clouds pour sustinet et Lausum increpitat Lausoque minatur: down streams of hail, and the passer by shelters in a 810 safe corner, under a river bank or an arch of high 'quo moriture ruis maioraque uiribus audes? rock, while the rain falls to earth, so as to pursue fallit te incautum pietas tua.' nec minus ille the day's work when the sun returns: so, exsultat demens, saeuae iamque altius irae overwhelmed by missiles from every side, Aeneas Dardanio surgunt ductori, extremaque Lauso endured the clouds of war, while they all Parcae fila legunt. ualidum namque exigit ensem thundered, and rebuked Lausus, and threatened 815 Lausus, saying: 'Why are you rushing to death, with per medium Aeneas iuuenem totumque recondit; courage beyond your strength? Your loyalty's transiit et parmam mucro, leuia arma minacis, betraying you to foolishness.' Nevertheless the et tunicam molli mater quam neuerat auro, youth raged madly, and now fierce anger rose impleuitque sinum sanguis; tum uita per auras higher in the Trojan leader's heart, and the Fates concessit maesta ad Manis corpusque reliquit. 820 gathered together the last threads of Lausus's life. At uero ut uultum uidit morientis et ora, For Aeneas drove his sword firmly through the ora modis Anchisiades pallentia miris, youth's body, and buried it to the hilt: the point ingemuit miserans grauiter dextramque tetendit, passed through his shield, too light for his threats, et mentem patriae subiit pietatis imago. and the tunic of soft gold thread his mother had 'quid tibi nunc, miserande puer, pro laudibus istis, woven, blood filled its folds: then life left the body 825 and fled, sorrowing, through the air to the spirits quid pius Aeneas tanta dabit indole dignum? below. And when Anchises's son saw the look on arma, quibus laetatus, habe tua; teque parentum his dying face, that face pale with the wonderment manibus et cineri, si qua est ea cura, remitto. of its ending, he groaned deeply with pity and hoc tamen infelix miseram solabere mortem: stretched out his hand, as that reflection of his own Aeneae magni dextra cadis.' increpat ultro 830 love for his father touched his heart. 'Unhappy cunctantis socios et terra subleuat ipsum child, what can loyal Aeneas grant to such a nature, sanguine turpantem comptos de more capillos. worthy of these glorious deeds of yours? Keep the weapons you delighted in: and if it is something you are anxious about, I return you to the shades and ashes of your ancestors. This too should solace you, unhappy one, for your sad death: you died at the hands of great Aeneas.' Also he rebuked Lausus's comrades, and lifted their leader from the earth, where he was soiling his well-ordered hair with blood. Lines 833-908 The Death of Mezentius Interea genitor Tiberini ad fluminis undam Meanwhile the father, Mezentius, staunched his uulnera siccabat lymphis corpusque leuabat wounds by the waters of Tiber's river, and rested arboris acclinis trunco. procul aerea ramis 835 his body by leaning against a tree trunk. His bronze dependet galea et prato grauia arma quiescunt. helmet hung on a nearby branch, and his heavy stant lecti circum iuuenes; ipse aeger anhelans armour lay peacefully on the grass. The pick of his colla fouet fusus propexam in pectore barbam; warriors stood around: he himself, weak and multa super Lauso rogitat, multumque remittit panting eased his neck, his flowing beard streaming qui reuocent maestique ferant mandata parentis. over his chest. Many a time he asked for Lausus, 840 and many times sent men to carry him a sorrowing at Lausum socii exanimem super arma ferebant father's orders and recall him. But his weeping flentes, ingentem atque ingenti uulnere uictum. comrades were carrying the dead Lausus, on his agnouit longe gemitum praesaga mali mens. armour, a great man conquered by a mighty wound. canitiem multo deformat puluere et ambas The mind prescient of evil, knew their sighs from ad caelum tendit palmas et corpore inhaeret. 845 far off. Mezentius darkened his white hair with 'tantane me tenuit uiuendi, nate, uoluptas, dust, and lifted both hands to heaven, clinging to ut pro me hostili paterer succedere dextrae, the body: 'My son, did such delight in living quem genui? tuane haec genitor per uulnera seruor possess me, that I let you face the enemy force in morte tua uiuens? heu, nunc misero mihi demum my place, you whom I fathered? Is this father of exitium infelix, nunc alte uulnus adactum! 850 yours alive through your death, saved by your idem ego, nate, tuum maculaui crimine nomen, wounds? Ah, now at last my exile is wretchedly pulsus ob inuidiam solio sceptrisque paternis. driven home: and my wound, deeply! My son, I debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum: have also tarnished your name by my crime, driven omnis per mortis animam sontem ipse dedissem! in hatred from my fathers' throne and sceptre. I nunc uiuo neque adhuc homines lucemque have long owed reparation to my country and my relinquo. 855 people's hatred: I should have yielded my guilty sed linquam.' simul hoc dicens attollit in aegrum soul to death in any form! Now I live: I do not se femur et, quamquam uis alto uulnere tardat, leave humankind yet, or the light, but I will leave.' haud deiectus equum duci iubet. hoc decus illi, So saying he raised himself weakly on his thigh, hoc solamen erat, bellis hoc uictor abibat and, despite all, ordered his horse to be brought, omnibus. adloquitur maerentem et talibus infit: 860 though his strength ebbed from the deep wound. 'Rhaebe, diu, res si qua diu mortalibus ulla est, His mount was his pride, and it was his solace, on it uiximus. aut hodie uictor spolia illa cruenti he had ridden victorious from every battle. He et caput Aeneae referes Lausique dolorum spoke to the sorrowful creature, in these words: ultor eris mecum, aut, aperit si nulla uiam uis, 'Rhaebus, we have lived a long time, if anything occumbes pariter; neque enim, fortissime, credo, lasts long for mortal beings. Today you will either 865 carry the head of Aeneas, and his blood-stained iussa aliena pati et dominos dignabere Teucros.' spoils, in victory, and avenge Lausus's pain with dixit, et exceptus tergo consueta locauit me, or die with me, if no power opens that road to membra manusque ambas iaculis onerauit acutis, us: I don't think that you, the bravest of creatures, aere caput fulgens cristaque hirsutus equina. will deign to suffer a stranger's orders or a Trojan sic cursum in medios rapidus dedit. aestuat ingens master.' He spoke, then, mounting, disposed his 870 limbs as usual, and weighted each hand with a uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu. sharp javelin, his head gleaming with bronze, atque hic Aenean magna ter uoce uocauit. 873 bristling with its horsehair crest. So he launched Aeneas agnouit enim laetusque precatur: himself quickly into the fray. In that one heart a 'sic pater ille deum faciat, sic altus Apollo! vast flood of shame and madness merged with incipias conferre manum.' grief. And now he called to Aeneas in a great voice. tantum effatus et infesta subit obuius hasta. Aeneas knew him and offered up a joyous prayer: ille autem: 'quid me erepto, saeuissime, nato 'So let the father of the gods himself decree it, so terres? haec uia sola fuit qua perdere posses: noble Apollo! You then begin the conflict….' He nec mortem horremus nec diuum parcimus ulli. 880 spoke those words and moved against him with desine, nam uenio moriturus et haec tibi porto level spear. But Mezentius replied: 'How can you dona prius.' dixit, telumque intorsit in hostem; frighten me, most savage of men, me, bereft of my inde aliud super atque aliud figitque uolatque son? That was the only way you could destroy me: ingenti gyro, sed sustinet aureus umbo. I do not shrink from death, or halt for any god. ter circum astantem laeuos equitauit in orbis 885 Cease, since I come here to die, and bring you, tela manu iaciens, ter secum Troius heros first, these gifts.' He spoke, and hurled a spear at his immanem aerato circumfert tegmine siluam. enemy: then landed another and yet another, inde ubi tot traxisse moras, tot spicula taedet wheeling in a wide circle, but the gilded shield uellere, et urgetur pugna congressus iniqua, withstood them. He rode three times round his multa mouens animo iam tandem erumpit et inter careful enemy, widdershins, throwing darts from 890 his hand: three times the Trojan hero dragged round bellatoris equi caua tempora conicit hastam. the huge thicket of spears fixed in his bronze tollit se arrectum quadripes et calcibus auras shield. Then tired of all that drawn-out delay, and uerberat, effusumque equitem super ipse secutus burdened by the unequal conflict, he thought hard, implicat eiectoque incumbit cernuus armo. and finally broke free, hurling his spear straight clamore incendunt caelum Troesque Latinique. 895 between the war horse's curved temples. The aduolat Aeneas uaginaque eripit ensem animal reared, and lashed the air with its hooves, et super haec: 'ubi nunc Mezentius acer et illa and throwing its rider, followed him down, from effera uis animi?' contra Tyrrhenus, ut auras above, entangling him, collapsing headlong onto suspiciens hausit caelum mentemque recepit: him, its shoulder thrown. Trojans and Latins ignited 'hostis amare, quid increpitas mortemque minaris? the heavens with their shouts. Aeneas ran to him, 900 plucking his sword from its sheath and standing nullum in caede nefas, nec sic ad proelia ueni, over him, cried: 'Where is fierce Mezentius, now, nec tecum meus haec pepigit mihi foedera Lausus. and the savage force of that spirit?' The Tuscan unum hoc per si qua est uictis uenia hostibus oro: replied, as, lifting his eyes to the sky, and gulping corpus humo patiare tegi. scio acerba meorum the air, he regained his thoughts: 'Bitter enemy, circumstare odia: hunc, oro, defende furorem 905 why taunt, or threaten me in death? There is no sin et me consortem nati concede sepulcro.' in killing: I did not come to fight believing so, nor haec loquitur, iuguloque haud inscius accipit ensem did my Lausus agree any treaty between you and undantique animam diffundit in arma cruore. me. I only ask, by whatever indulgence a fallen enemy might claim, that my body be buried in the earth. I know that my people's fierce hatred surrounds me: protect me, I beg you, from their anger, and let me share a tomb with my son.' So he spoke, and in full awareness received the sword in his throat, and poured out his life, over his armour, in a wave of blood. BOOK XI
Lines 1-99 Aeneas Mourns Pallas Oceanum interea surgens Aurora reliquit: Meanwhile Dawn rose and left the ocean waves: Aeneas, quamquam et sociis dare tempus humandis though Aeneas's sorrow urged him to spend his praecipitant curae turbataque funere mens est, time on his comrades' burial, and his mind was uota deum primo uictor soluebat Eoo. burdened by death, as victor, at first light, he ingentem quercum decisis undique ramis 5 discharged his vows to the gods. He planted a great constituit tumulo fulgentiaque induit arma, oak trunk, its branches lopped all round, on a Mezenti ducis exuuias, tibi magne tropaeum tumulus, and decked it out as a trophy to you, great bellipotens; aptat rorantis sanguine cristas god of war, in the gleaming armour stripped from telaque trunca uiri, et bis sex thoraca petitum the leader, Mezentius: he fastened the crests to it, perfossumque locis, clipeumque ex aere sinistrae dripping with blood, the warrior's broken spears, 10 and the battered breastplate, pierced in twelve subligat atque ensem collo suspendit eburnum. places: he tied the bronze shield to its left side, and tum socios (namque omnis eum stipata tegebat hung the ivory-hilted sword from its neck. Then he turba ducum) sic incipiens hortatur ouantis: began to encourage his rejoicing comrades: 'We 'maxima res effecta, uiri; timor omnis abesto, have done great things, men: banish all fear of quod superest; haec sunt spolia et de rege superbo what's left to do: these are the spoils of a proud 15 king, the first fruits of victory, and this is primitiae manibusque meis Mezentius hic est. Mezentius, fashioned by my hands. Now our path nunc iter ad regem nobis murosque Latinos. is towards King Latinus and his city walls. Look to arma parate, animis et spe praesumite bellum, your weapons, spiritedly, make war your ne qua mora ignaros, ubi primum uellere signa expectation, so when the gods above give us the adnuerint superi pubemque educere castris, 20 sign to take up our standards, and lead out our impediat segnisue metu sententia tardet. soldiers from the camp, no delay may halt us interea socios inhumataque corpora terrae unawares, or wavering purpose hold us back mandemus, qui solus honos Acheronte sub imo est. through fear. Meanwhile let us commit to earth the ite,' ait 'egregias animas, quae sanguine nobis unburied bodies of our friends, the only tribute hanc patriam peperere suo, decorate supremis 25 recognised in Acheron's depths. Go,' he said, 'grace muneribus, maestamque Euandri primus ad urbem these noble spirits with your last gifts, who have mittatur Pallas, quem non uirtutis egentem won this country for us with their blood, and first abstulit atra dies et funere mersit acerbo.' let Pallas's body be sent to Evander's grieving city, Sic ait inlacrimans, recipitque ad limina gressum he, whom a black day stole, though no way lacking corpus ubi exanimi positum Pallantis Acoetes 30 in courage, and plunged in death's bitterness.' So he seruabat senior, qui Parrhasio Euandro spoke, weeping, and retraced his steps to the armiger ante fuit, sed non felicibus aeque threshold where Pallas's lifeless corpse was laid, tum comes auspiciis caro datus ibat alumno. watched by old Acoetes, who before had been circum omnis famulumque manus Troianaque turba armour-bearer to Arcadian Evander, but then, under et maestum Iliades crinem de more solutae. 35 less happy auspices, set out as the chosen guardian ut uero Aeneas foribus sese intulit altis for his dear foster-child. All the band of attendants, ingentem gemitum tunsis ad sidera tollunt and the Trojan crowd, stood around, and the Ilian pectoribus, maestoque immugit regia luctu. women, hair loosened as customary in mourning. ipse caput niuei fultum Pallantis et ora As Aeneas entered the tall doorway they struck ut uidit leuique patens in pectore uulnus 40 their breasts, and raised a great cry to the heavens, cuspidis Ausoniae, lacrimis ita fatur obortis: and the royal pavilion rang with sad lamentation. 'tene,' inquit 'miserande puer, cum laeta ueniret, When he saw the pillowed face and head of Pallas, inuidit Fortuna mihi, ne regna uideres pale as snow, and the open wound of the Ausonian nostra neque ad sedes uictor ueherere paternas? spear in his smooth chest, he spoke, his tears rising: non haec Euandro de te promissa parenti 45 'Unhappy child, when Fortune entered smiling was discedens dederam, cum me complexus euntem it she who begrudged you to me, so that you would mitteret in magnum imperium metuensque moneret not see my kingdom, or ride, victorious, to your acris esse uiros, cum dura proelia gente. father's house? This was not the last promise I et nunc ille quidem spe multum captus inani made your father, Evander, on leaving, when he fors et uota facit cumulatque altaria donis, 50 embraced me, sending me off to win a great nos iuuenem exanimum et nil iam caelestibus ullis empire, and warned me with trepidation that the debentem uano maesti comitamur honore. enemy were brave, a tough race. And now, greatly infelix, nati funus crudele uidebis! deluded by false hopes, he perhaps is making vows, hi nostri reditus exspectatique triumphi? piling the altars high with gifts, while we, grieving, haec mea magna fides? at non, Euandre, pudendis follow his son in vain procession, one who no 55 longer owes any debt to the gods. Unhappy one, uulneribus pulsum aspicies, nec sospite dirum you will see the bitter funeral of your child! Is this optabis nato funus pater. ei mihi quantum how we return, is this our hoped- for triumph? Is praesidium, Ausonia, et quantum tu perdis, Iule!' this what my great promise amounted to? Yet, Haec ubi defleuit, tolli miserabile corpus Evander, your eyes will not see a son struck down imperat, et toto lectos ex agmine mittit 60 with shameful wounds, nor be a father praying for mille uiros qui supremum comitentur honorem death, accursed because your son came home alive. intersintque patris lacrimis, solacia luctus Alas, how great was the protector, who is lost to exigua ingentis, misero sed debita patri. you, Ausonia, and you, Iulus.' When he had ended haud segnes alii cratis et molle feretrum his lament, he ordered them to lift the sad corpse, arbuteis texunt uirgis et uimine querno 65 and he sent a thousand men, chosen from the ranks, exstructosque toros obtentu frondis inumbrant. to attend the last rites, and share the father's tears, a hic iuuenem agresti sublimem stramine ponunt: meagre solace for so great a grief, but owed a qualem uirgineo demessum pollice florem father's sorrow. Others, without delay, interwove seu mollis uiolae seu languentis hyacinthi, the frame of a bier with twigs of oak, and shoots of cui neque fulgor adhuc nec dum sua forma recessit, arbutus, shading the bed they constructed with a 70 covering of leaves. Here they placed the youth high non iam mater alit tellus uirisque ministrat. on his rustic couch: like a flower plucked by a tum geminas uestis auroque ostroque rigentis young girl's fingers, a sweet violet or a drooping extulit Aeneas, quas illi laeta laborum hyacinth, whose brightness and beauty have not yet ipsa suis quondam manibus Sidonia Dido faded, but whose native earth no longer nourishes fecerat et tenui telas discreuerat auro. 75 it, or gives it strength. Then Aeneas brought two harum unam iuueni supremum maestus honorem robes of rigid gold and purple that Sidonian Dido induit arsurasque comas obnubit amictu, had made for him once, with her own hands, multaque praeterea Laurentis praemia pugnae delighting in the labour, interweaving the fabric aggerat et longo praedam iubet ordine duci; with gold thread. Sorrowing, he draped the youth addit equos et tela quibus spoliauerat hostem. 80 with one of these as a last honour, and veiled that uinxerat et post terga manus, quos mitteret umbris hair, which would be burned, with its cloth, and inferias, caeso sparsurus sanguine flammas, heaped up many gifts as well from the Laurentine indutosque iubet truncos hostilibus armis battle and ordered the spoils to be carried in a long ipsos ferre duces inimicaque nomina figi. line: he added horses and weapons stripped from ducitur infelix aeuo confectus Acoetes, 85 the enemy. He had the hands of those he sent as pectora nunc foedans pugnis, nunc unguibus ora, offerings to the shades, to sprinkle the flames with sternitur et toto proiectus corpore terrae; blood in dying, bound behind their backs, and ducunt et Rutulo perfusos sanguine currus. ordered the leaders themselves to carry tree-trunks post bellator equus positis insignibus Aethon draped with enemy weapons, with the names of the it lacrimans guttisque umectat grandibus ora. 90 foe attached. Unhappy Acoetes, wearied with age, hastam alii galeamque ferunt, nam cetera Turnus was led along, now bruising his chest with his fists, uictor habet. tum maesta phalanx Teucrique now marring his face with his nails, until he fell, sequuntur full-length on the ground: and they led chariots Tyrrhenique omnes et uersis Arcades armis. drenched with Rutulian blood. Behind went the postquam omnis longe comitum praecesserat ordo, war-horse, Aethon, without his trappings, substitit Aeneas gemituque haec addidit alto: 95 mourning, wetting his face with great tear drops. 'nos alias hinc ad lacrimas eadem horrida belli Others carried Pallas's spear and helmet, the rest fata uocant: salue aeternum mihi, maxime Palla, Turnus held as victor. Then a grieving procession aeternumque uale.' nec plura effatus ad altos followed, Trojans, Etruscans, and Arcadians with tendebat muros gressumque in castra ferebat. weapons reversed. When all the ranks of his comrades had advanced far ahead, Aeneas halted, and added this, with a deep sigh: 'This same harsh fate of warfare calls me from here to other weeping: my salute for eternity to you, noble Pallas, and for eternity, farewell.' Without speaking more he turned his steps toward the camp and headed for the walls. Lines 100-138 Aeneas Offers Peace Iamque oratores aderant ex urbe Latina 100 And now ambassadors, shaded with olive branches, uelati ramis oleae ueniamque rogantes: came from the Latin city, seeking favours: they corpora, per campos ferro quae fusa iacebant, asked him to return the bodies of men, felled by the redderet ac tumulo sineret succedere terrae; sword, overflowing the plain, and allow them to be nullum cum uictis certamen et aethere cassis; buried under a mound of earth. there could be no parceret hospitibus quondam socerisque uocatis. quarrel with the lost, devoid of the light: let him 105 spare those who were once hosts and fathers of quos bonus Aeneas haud aspernanda precantis brides. Aeneas courteously granted prayers he prosequitur uenia et uerbis haec insuper addit: could not refuse, and added these words as well: 'quaenam uos tanto fortuna indigna, Latini, 'Latins, what shameful mischance has entangled implicuit bello, qui nos fugiatis amicos? you in a war like this, so that you fly from being pacem me exanimis et Martis sorte peremptis 110 our friends? Do you seek peace for your dead killed oratis? equidem et uiuis concedere uellem. by fate in battle? I would gladly grant it to the nec ueni, nisi fata locum sedemque dedissent, living too. I would not be here, if fate had not nec bellum cum gente gero; rex nostra reliquit granted me a place, a home, nor do I wage war on hospitia et Turni potius se credidit armis. your people: your king abandoned our friendship, aequius huic Turnum fuerat se opponere morti. 115 and thought Turnus's army greater. It would have si bellum finire manu, si pellere Teucros been more just for Turnus himself to meet this apparat, his mecum decuit concurrere telis: death. If he seeks to end the war by force, and drive uixet cui uitam deus aut sua dextra dedisset. out the Trojans, he should have fought me with nunc ite et miseris supponite ciuibus ignem.' these weapons, he whom the gods, or his right hand dixerat Aeneas. illi obstipuere silentes 120 granted life, would have survived. Now go and conuersique oculos inter se atque ora tenebant. light the fires for your unfortunate countrymen.' Tum senior semperque odiis et crimine Drances Aeneas had spoken. They were silent, struck dumb, infensus iuueni Turno sic ore uicissim and kept their faces and their gaze fixed on one orsa refert: 'o fama ingens, ingentior armis, another. Then Drances, an elder, always hostile to uir Troiane, quibus caelo te laudibus aequem? 125 young Turnus, shown in his dislike and reproaches, iustitiaene prius mirer belline laborum? replied in turn, so: 'O, Trojan hero, great in fame, nos uero haec patriam grati referemus ad urbem greater in battle, how can I praise you to the skies et te, si qua uiam dederit Fortuna, Latino enough? Should I wonder first at your justice, or iungemus regi. quaerat sibi foedera Turnus. your efforts in war? Indeed we will gratefully carry quin et fatalis murorum attollere moles 130 these words back to our native city, and if Fortune saxaque subuectare umeris Troiana iuuabit.' offers a way, we will ally you to our king. Let dixerat haec unoque omnes eadem ore fremebant. Turnus seek treaties for himself. It will be a delight bis senos pepigere dies, et pace sequestra even to raise those massive walls and lift the stones per siluas Teucri mixtique impune Latini of Troy on our shoulders.' He spoke, and they all errauere iugis. ferro sonat alta bipenni 135 murmured assent with one voice. They fixed a fraxinus, euertunt actas ad sidera pinus, twelve day truce, and with peace as mediator, robora nec cuneis et olentem scindere cedrum Trojans and Latins wandered together, in safety, nec plaustris cessant uectare gementibus ornos. through the wooded hills. The tall ash rang to the two- edged axe, they felled pine-trees towering to the heavens, and they never ceased splitting the oaks, and fragrant cedars, with wedges, or carrying away the manna ash in rumbling wagons. Lines 139-181 Evander Mourns Pallas Et iam Fama uolans, tanti praenuntia luctus, And now Rumour filled Evander's ears, and the Euandrum Euandrique domos et moenia replet, 140 palace's and the city's, flying there, bringing news quae modo uictorem Latio Pallanta ferebat. of that great grief: Rumour, that a moment since Arcades ad portas ruere et de more uetusto was carrying Pallas's victory to Latium. The funereas rapuere faces; lucet uia longo Arcadians ran to the gates, and following ancient ordine flammarum et late discriminat agros. custom, seized torches for the funeral: the road contra turba Phrygum ueniens plangentia iungit 145 shone with the long ranks of flames, parting the agmina. quae postquam matres succedere tectis distant fields. The Trojan column, approaching, uiderunt, maestam incendunt clamoribus urbem. merged its files of mourners with them. When the at non Euandrum potis est uis ulla tenere, women saw them nearing the houses, grief set the sed uenit in medios. feretro Pallante reposto city ablaze with its clamour. But no force could procubuit super atque haeret lacrimansque restrain Evander, and he ran into their midst, flung gemensque, 150 himself on Pallas's body, once the bier was set et uia uix tandem uoci laxata dolore est: down, clinging to it with tears and groans, till at 'non haec, o Palla, dederas promissa parenti, last, he spoke, his grief scarcely allowing a path for cautius ut saeuo uelles te credere Marti. his voice: 'O Pallas, this was not the promise you haud ignarus eram quantum noua gloria in armis made your father, that you would enter this savage et praedulce decus primo certamine posset. 155 war with caution. I am not ignorant how great new primitiae iuuenis miserae bellique propinqui pride in weapons can be, and honour won in a first dura rudimenta, et nulli exaudita deorum conflict is very sweet. Alas for the first fruits of uota precesque meae! tuque, o sanctissima coniunx, your young life, and your harsh schooling in a war felix morte tua neque in hunc seruata dolorem! so near us, and for my vows and prayers unheard contra ego uiuendo uici mea fata, superstes 160 by any god! Happy were you, O my most sacred restarem ut genitor. Troum socia arma secutum Queen, in a death that saved you from this sorrow! obruerent Rutuli telis! animam ipse dedissem I, by living on, have exceeded my fate, to survive atque haec pompa domum me, non Pallanta, as father without son. I should have marched with referret! the allied armies of Troy and been killed by those nec uos arguerim, Teucri, nec foedera nec quas Rutulian spears! I should have given my life, and iunximus hospitio dextras: sors ista senectae 165 this pomp should have carried me, not Pallas, debita erat nostrae. quod si immatura manebat home! Yet I do not blame you, Trojans, or our mors gnatum, caesis Volscorum milibus ante treaty, or the hands we clasped in friendship: my ducentem in Latium Teucros cecidisse iuuabit. white hairs are the cause of this. And if an untimely quin ego non alio digner te funere, Palla, death awaited my son it is my joy that he fell quam pius Aeneas et quam magni Phryges et quam leading the Trojans into Latium, killing Volscians 170 in thousands. Indeed, Pallas, I thought you worthy Tyrrhenique duces, Tyrrhenum exercitus omnis. of no other funeral than this that virtuous Aeneas, magna tropaea ferunt quos dat tua dextera leto; the great Phyrgians, the Etruscan leaders and all the tu quoque nunc stares immanis truncus in aruis, Etruscans chose. Those, whom your right hand esset par aetas et idem si robur ab annis, dealt death to, bring great trophies: Turnus, you too Turne. sed infelix Teucros quid demoror armis? would be standing here, a vast tree- trunk hung 175 with weapons, if years and mature strength had uadite et haec memores regi mandata referte: been alike in both. But why in my unhappiness do I quod uitam moror inuisam Pallante perempto keep the Trojans from war? Go, and remember to dextera causa tua est, Turnum gnatoque patrique take this message to your king: if I prolong a life quam debere uides. meritis uacat hic tibi solus that's hateful to me, now Pallas is dead, it's because fortunaeque locus. non uitae gaudia quaero, 180 you know your right hand owes father and son the nec fas, sed gnato manis perferre sub imos.' death of Turnus. That is the one path of kindness to me and success for you that lies open. I don't ask for joy while alive, (that's not allowed me) but to carry it to my son deep among the shades.' Lines 182-224 The Funeral Pyres Aurora interea miseris mortalibus almam Dawn, meanwhile, had raised her kindly light on extulerat lucem referens opera atque labores: high for wretched men, calling them again to work iam pater Aeneas, iam curuo in litore Tarchon and toil: now Aeneas the leader, now Tarchon, had constituere pyras. huc corpora quisque suorum 185 erected pyres on the curving bay. Here according to more tulere patrum, subiectisque ignibus atris ancestral custom they each brought the bodies of conditur in tenebras altum caligine caelum. their people, and as the gloomy fires were lit ter circum accensos cincti fulgentibus armis beneath, the high sky was veiled in a dark mist. decurrere rogos, ter maestum funeris ignem Three times they circled the blazing piles, clad in lustrauere in equis ululatusque ore dedere. 190 gleaming armour, three times they rounded the spargitur et tellus lacrimis, sparguntur et arma, mournful funeral flames on horseback, and uttered it caelo clamorque uirum clangorque tubarum. wailing cries. Tears sprinkled the earth, and hic alii spolia occisis derepta Latinis sprinkled the armour, the clamour of men and blare coniciunt igni, galeas ensisque decoros of trumpets climbed to the heavens. Then some frenaque feruentisque rotas; pars munera nota, 195 flung spoils, stripped from the slaughtered Latins, ipsorum clipeos et non felicia tela. onto the fire, helmets and noble swords, bridles and multa boum circa mactantur corpora Morti, swift wheels: others, gifts familiar to the dead, their saetigerosque sues raptasque ex omnibus agris shields and luckless weapons. Many head of cattle in flammam iugulant pecudes. tum litore toto were sacrificed round these, to Death. They cut the ardentis spectant socios semustaque seruant 200 throats of bristling boars, and flocks culled from the busta, neque auelli possunt, nox umida donec whole country, over the flames. Then they watched inuertit caelum stellis ardentibus aptum. their comrades burn, all along the shore, and kept Nec minus et miseri diuersa in parte Latini guard over the charred pyres, and could not tear innumeras struxere pyras, et corpora partim themselves away till dew-wet night wheeled the multa uirum terrae infodiunt, auectaque partim 205 sky round, inset with shining stars. Elsewhere too finitimos tollunt in agros urbique remittunt. the wretched Latins built innumerable pyres. Some cetera confusaeque ingentem caedis aceruum of the many corpses they buried in the earth, some nec numero nec honore cremant; tunc undique uasti they took and carried to the fields nearby, or sent certatim crebris conlucent ignibus agri. onwards to the city. The rest, a vast pile of tertia lux gelidam caelo dimouerat umbram: 210 indiscriminate dead, they burnt without count, and maerentes altum cinerem et confusa ruebant without honours: then the wide fields on every side ossa focis tepidoque onerabant aggere terrae. shone thick with fires, in emulation. The third dawn iam uero in tectis, praediuitis urbe Latini, dispelled chill shadows from the sky: grieving, they praecipuus fragor et longi pars maxima luctus. raked the bones, mixed with a depth of ash, from hic matres miseraeque nurus, hic cara sororum 215 the pyres, and heaped a mound of warm earth over pectora maerentum puerique parentibus orbi them. Meanwhile, the main clamour, and the heart dirum exsecrantur bellum Turnique hymenaeos; of their prolonged lamentation, was inside the ipsum armis ipsumque iubent decernere ferro, walls, in the city of rich Latinus. Here mothers and qui regnum Italiae et primos sibi poscat honores. unhappy daughters-in-law, here the loving hearts of ingrauat haec saeuus Drances solumque uocari 220 grieving sisters, and boys robbed of their fathers, testatur, solum posci in certamina Turnum. cursed the dreadful war, and the marriage Turnus multa simul contra uariis sententia dictis had intended, and demanded that he and he alone pro Turno, et magnum reginae nomen obumbrat, should fight it out with armour and blade, he who multa uirum meritis sustentat fama tropaeis. claimed for himself the kingdom of Italy, and the foremost honours. Cruelly, Drances added to this and testified that Turnus alone was summoned, that he alone was challenged to battle. At the same time many an opinion in varied words was against it, and for Turnus, and the Queen's noble name protected him, while his great fame, and the trophies he'd earned, spoke for him. Lines 225-295 An Answer From Arpi Hos inter motus, medio in flagrante tumultu, 225 Amongst this stir, at the heart of the blaze of ecce super maesti magna Diomedis ab urbe dissension, behold, to crown it all, the ambassadors legati responsa ferunt: nihil omnibus actum brought an answer from Diomedes's great city, sad tantorum impensis operum, nil dona neque aurum that nothing had been achieved at the cost of all nec magnas ualuisse preces, alia arma Latinis their efforts, presents and gold and heartfelt prayers quaerenda, aut pacem Troiano ab rege petendum. had been useless, the Latins must find other armies 230 or seek peace with the Trojan king. King Latinus deficit ingenti luctu rex ipse Latinus: sank beneath this vast disappointment. The angry fatalem Aenean manifesto numine ferri gods and the fresh graves before his eyes, had admonet ira deum tumulique ante ora recentes. given warning that this fateful Aeneas was clearly ergo concilium magnum primosque suorum sent by divine will. So, summoning his high imperio accitos alta intra limina cogit. 235 council, the leaders of his people, by royal olli conuenere fluuntque ad regia plenis command, he gathered them within his tall gates. tecta uiis. sedet in mediis et maximus aeuo They convened, streaming to the king's palace, et primus sceptris haud laeta fronte Latinus. through the crowded streets. Latinus, the oldest and atque hic legatos Aetola ex urbe remissos most powerful, seated himself at their centre, with quae referant fari iubet, et responsa reposcit 240 no pleasure in his aspect. And he ordered the ordine cuncta suo. tum facta silentia linguis, ambassadors, back from the Aetolian city, to tell et Venulus dicto parens ita farier infit: their news, asking for all the answers in order. Then 'Vidimus, o ciues, Diomedem Argiuaque castra, all tongues fell silent, and, obeying his order, atque iter emensi casus superauimus omnis, Venulus began as follows: 'O citizens, we have contigimusque manum qua concidit Ilia tellus. 245 seen Diomedes and his Argive camp, completed ille urbem Argyripam patriae cognomine gentis our journey, overcome all dangers, and grasped that uictor Gargani condebat Iapygis agris. hand by which the land of Troy fell. As victor over postquam introgressi et coram data copia fandi, the Iapygian fields, by the Garganus hills, he was munera praeferimus, nomen patriamque docemus, founding the city of Argyripa, named after his qui bellum intulerint, quae causa attraxerit Arpos. father's people. When we had entered, and were 250 given leave to speak to him in person, we offered auditis ille haec placido sic reddidit ore: our gifts, and declared our name and country: who "o fortunatae gentes, Saturnia regna, had made war on us: and what had brought us to antiqui Ausonii, quae uos fortuna quietos Arpi. He listened and replied in this way with a sollicitat suadetque ignota lacessere bella? calm look: "O fortunate nations, realms of Saturn, quicumque Iliacos ferro uiolauimus agros 255 ancient peoples of Ausonia, what fortune troubles (mitto ea quae muris bellando exhausta sub altis, your peace and persuades you to invite base war? quos Simois premat ille uiros) infanda per orbem We who violated the fields of Troy with our blades, supplicia et scelerum poenas expendimus omnes, (forgetting what we endured in battle beneath her uel Priamo miseranda manus; scit triste Mineruae high walls, or those warriors Simois drowned) have sidus et Euboicae cautes ultorque Caphereus. 260 paid in atrocious suffering, and every kind of militia ex illa diuersum ad litus abacti punishment, for our sins, throughout the world, a Atrides Protei Menelaus adusque columnas crew that even Priam would have pitied: Minerva's exsulat, Aetnaeos uidit Cyclopas Vlixes. dark star and that cliff of Euboea, Caphereus the regna Neoptolemi referam uersosque penatis avenger, know it. Menelaus, son of Atreus, driven Idomenei? Libycone habitantis litore Locros? 265 from that warfare to distant shores, was exiled as ipse Mycenaeus magnorum ductor Achiuum far as Egypt, and the Pillars of Proteus, while coniugis infandae prima inter limina dextra Ulysses has viewed the Cyclopes of Aetna. Even oppetiit, deuictam Asiam subsedit adulter. Mycenean Agamemnon, leader of the mighty inuidisse deos, patriis ut redditus aris Greeks, was struck down at the hand of his wicked coniugium optatum et pulchram Calydona wife, when barely over the threshold: he conquered uiderem? 270 Asia, but an adulterer lurked. Need I speak of the nunc etiam horribili uisu portenta sequuntur kingdom of Neoptolemus, Idomeneus's household et socii amissi petierunt aethera pennis overthrown, or the Locrians living on Libya's fluminibusque uagantur aues (heu, dira meorum coast? How the gods begrudged me my return to supplicia!) et scopulos lacrimosis uocibus implent. my country's altars: the wife I longed for: and haec adeo ex illo mihi iam speranda fuerunt 275 lovely Calydon? Even now visitations pursue me, tempore cum ferro caelestia corpora demens dreadful to see: my lost comrades, as birds, sought appetii et Veneris uiolaui uulnere dextram. the sky with their wings or haunt the streams (alas a ne uero, ne me ad talis impellite pugnas. dire punishment for my people!) and fill the cliffs nec mihi cum Teucris ullum post eruta bellum with their mournful cries. This was the fate I should Pergama nec ueterum memini laetorue malorum. have expected from that moment when, in madness, 280 I attacked Venus's heavenly body with my sword, munera quae patriis ad me portatis ab oris and harmed her hand by wounding it. Do not, in uertite ad Aenean. stetimus tela aspera contra truth, do not urge me to such conflict. Since Troy's contulimusque manus: experto credite quantus towers have fallen I have no quarrel with Teucer's in clipeum adsurgat, quo turbine torqueat hastam. race, nor have I joyful memories of those ancient si duo praeterea talis Idaea tulisset 285 evils. Take the gifts your bring me, from your terra uiros, ultro Inachias uenisset ad urbes country, to Aeneas. I have withstood his cruel Dardanus, et uersis lugeret Graecia fatis. weapons and fought him hand to hand: trust my quidquid apud durae cessatum est moenia Troiae, knowledge of how he looms tall above his shield, Hectoris Aeneaeque manu uictoria Graium with what power he hurls his spear. Had the Troad haesit et in decimum uestigia rettulit annum. 290 produced two other men like him, the Trojans ambo animis, ambo insignes praestantibus armis, would have reached the Greek cities, and Greece hic pietate prior. coeant in foedera dextrae, would be grieving, their fates reversed. During all qua datur; ast armis concurrant arma cauete." that time we spent facing the walls of enduring et responsa simul quae sint, rex optime, regis Troy a Greek victory was stalled at the hands of audisti et quae sit magno sententia bello.' 295 Hector and Aeneas, and denied us till the tenth year. Both were outstanding in courage and weaponry: Aeneas was first in virtue. Join hands with him in confederation, as best you can, but beware of crossing swords with him." Noblest of kings, you have heard, in one, what their king replies and what his counsels are concerning this great war.' Lines 296-335 Latinus's Proposal Vix ea legati, uariusque per ora cucurrit The ambassadors had scarcely finished speaking Ausonidum turbata fremor, ceu saxa morantur when diverse murmurs passed swiftly among the cum rapidos amnis, fit clauso gurgite murmur troubled Italian faces, just as when rocks detain a uicinaeque fremunt ripae crepitantibus undis. flowing river a muttering rises from the imprisoned ut primum placati animi et trepida ora quierunt, 300 eddies, and the banks, that border it echo with praefatus diuos solio rex infit ab alto: splashing waves. As soon as thoughts were calmer 'Ante equidem summa de re statuisse, Latini, and anxious lips were quiet, the king began to et uellem et fuerat melius, non tempore tali speak, from his high throne, first calling on the cogere concilium, cum muros adsidet hostis. gods: 'Latins, I wish we had decided on this vital bellum importunum, ciues, cum gente deorum 305 matter before now, and it would have been better inuictisque uiris gerimus, quos nulla fatigant not to convene the council at such a moment, when proelia nec uicti possunt absistere ferro. the enemy is settled in front of our walls. Citizens spem si quam ascitis Aetolum habuistis in armis, we are waging a wrong-headed war with a divine ponite. spes sibi quisque; sed haec quam angusta race, unconquered warriors whom no battles weary, uidetis. and who will not relinquish the sword even when cetera qua rerum iaceant perculsa ruina, 310 beaten. If you had hopes of the alliance with ante oculos interque manus sunt omnia uestras. Aetolian armies, forgo them. Each has his own nec quemquam incuso: potuit quae plurima uirtus hopes: but see how slight they are. As for the rest esse, fuit; toto certatum est corpore regni. of our affairs, the utter ruin they lie in is in front of nunc adeo quae sit dubiae sententia menti, your eyes and under your hands. I accuse no one: expediam et paucis (animos adhibete) docebo. 315 what the utmost courage could do has been done: est antiquus ager Tusco mihi proximus amni, the conflict has taken all the strength of our longus in occasum, finis super usque Sicanos; kingdom. So let me explain the decision of my Aurunci Rutulique serunt, et uomere duros deliberating mind, and I will outline it briefly exercent collis atque horum asperrima pascunt. (apply your thoughts to it). There's an ancient haec omnis regio et celsi plaga pinea montis 320 domain of mine along the Tuscan river, stretching cedat amicitiae Teucrorum, et foederis aequas westward, to the Sicanian border and beyond: dicamus leges sociosque in regna uocemus: Auruncans and Rutulians work the stubborn hills considant, si tantus amor, et moenia condant. with the plough, sow seed there, and use the sin alios finis aliamque capessere gentem roughest slopes as pasture. Let us yield all this est animus possuntque solo decedere nostro, 325 region, with the pine-clad tract of high hills, to the bis denas Italo texamus robore nauis; Trojans in friendship, and spell out the just terms of seu pluris complere ualent, iacet omnis ad undam a treaty, and invite them to share our kingdom: let materies: ipsi numerumque modumque carinis them settle, if their desire is such, and build their praecipiant, nos aera, manus, naualia demus. city. But if their wish is to conquer other territories praeterea, qui dicta ferant et foedera firment 330 and some other nation, and they might leave our centum oratores prima de gente Latinos soil, let us fashion twenty ships of Italian oak: or ire placet pacisque manu praetendere ramos, more if they can fill them, all the timber lies close munera portantis aurique eborisque talenta to the water: let them set out the number and design et sellam regni trabeamque insignia nostri. of their fleet themselves: we'll give the labour, the consulite in medium et rebus succurrite fessis.' 335 shipyard and the bronze. Moreover, I want a hundred envoys to go to carry the news and seal the pact, Latins of noblest birth, holding out branches as peace tokens in their hands, and bearing gifts, talents of ivory and gold, and the throne and the robe, symbols of royalty. Consult together, and repair our weary fortunes.' Lines 336-375 Drances Attacks Turnus Verbally Tum Drances idem infensus, quem gloria Turni Then Drances, whom Turnus's glory provoked with obliqua inuidia stimulisque agitabat amaris, the bitter sting of secret envy, rose, hostile as largus opum et lingua melior, sed frigida bello before,: lavish of his wealth, and a better speaker, dextera, consiliis habitus non futtilis auctor, but with a hand frozen in battle: held to be no mean seditione potens (genus huic materna superbum 340 adviser in council, and powerful in a quarrel (his nobilitas dabat, incertum de patre ferebat), mother's high birth granted him nobility, his father's surgit et his onerat dictis atque aggerat iras: origin was uncertain): and with these words added 'rem nulli obscuram nostrae nec uocis egentem weight and substance to their anger: 'O gracious consulis, o bone rex: cuncti se scire fatentur king, you consult us on a subject clear to all, and quid fortuna ferat populi, sed dicere mussant. 345 needing no speech from us: everyone det libertatem fandi flatusque remittat, acknowledges they know what the public good cuius ob auspicium infaustum moresque sinistros demands, but shrink from speech. Let that man, (dicam equidem, licet arma mihi mortemque through whose inauspicious leadership and minetur) perverse ways (speak I will though he threaten me lumina tot cecidisse ducum totamque uidemus with violence or death) we have seen so many consedisse urbem luctu, dum Troia temptat 350 glorious leaders fall, and the city sunk in mourning, castra fugae fidens et caelum territat armis. while he attacks the Trojan camp, trusting in flight, unum etiam donis istis, quae plurima mitti and frightens heaven with his weapons, let him Dardanidis dicique iubes, unum, optime regum, grant freedom of speech, and cease his arrogance. adicias, nec te ullius uiolentia uincat Add one further gift to the many you order us to quin natam egregio genero dignisque hymenaeis send and communicate to the Trojans, one more, 355 gracious king, why not, as a father may, and let no des pater, et pacem hanc aeterno foedere iungas. man's violence prevent you, give your daughter to quod si tantus habet mentes et pectora terror, an illustrious man in a marriage worthy of her, ipsum obtestemur ueniamque oremus ab ipso: binding this peace with an everlasting contract. But cedat, ius proprium regi patriaeque remittat. if fear of doing such possesses our minds and quid miseros totiens in aperta pericula ciuis 360 hearts, let us appeal to the prince, and beg proicis, o Latio caput horum et causa malorum? permission from him: to yield, and give up his nulla salus bello, pacem te poscimus omnes, rights in favour of his king and his country. O Turne, simul pacis solum inuiolabile pignus. Turnus, you who are the source and reason for all primus ego, inuisum quem tu tibi fingis (et esse these problems for Latium, why do you so often nil moror), en supplex uenio. miserere tuorum, 365 hurl your wretched countrymen into obvious pone animos et pulsus abi. sat funera fusi danger? There's no remedy in war, we all ask you uidimus ingentis et desolauimus agros. for peace, together with the sole inviolable pledge aut, si fama mouet, si tantum pectore robur of peace. I first of all, whom you imagine to be concipis et si adeo dotalis regia cordi est, your enemy (and I will not contest it) come as a aude atque aduersum fidens fer pectus in hostem. suppliant. Pity your people, set your pride aside, 370 and conquered, give way. Routed, we have seen scilicet ut Turno contingat regia coniunx, enough of death and made broad acres desolate. Or, nos animae uiles, inhumata infletaque turba, if glory stirs you, if you harbour such strength of sternamur campis. etiam tu, si qua tibi uis, feeling, and if a palace as dowry is so dear to you, si patrii quid Martis habes, illum aspice contra be bold, and carry yourself confidently against the qui uocat.' 375 enemy. Surely we whose lives are worthless should be scattered over the fields, unburied and unwept, so that Turnus might gain his royal bride? And you too, if you have any strength, if you have any of your father's warlike spirit, you must look into the face of your challenger.' Lines 376-444 Turnus Replies Talibus exarsit dictis uiolentia Turni. Turnus's fury blazed at such a speech. He gasped dat gemitum rumpitque has imo pectore uoces: and from the depths of his heart gave vent to these 'larga quidem semper, Drance, tibi copia fandi words: 'Drances, it's true you always have more tum cum bella manus poscunt, patribusque uocatis than plenty to say whenever war calls for men, and primus ades. sed non replenda est curia uerbis, 380 you're first to appear when the senate is called quae tuto tibi magna uolant, dum distinet hostem together. But there's no need to fill the council- agger murorum nec inundant sanguine fossae. house with words, that fly so freely from you when proinde tona eloquio (solitum tibi) meque timoris you are safe, when the rampart walls keep the argue tu, Drance, quando tot stragis aceruos enemy off and the ditches are not yet drowned in Teucrorum tua dextra dedit, passimque tropaeis 385 blood. So thunder away, eloquently (as is your insignis agros. possit quid uiuida uirtus wont) Drances, and charge me with cowardice experiare licet, nec longe scilicet hostes when your hand has produced like mounds of quaerendi nobis; circumstant undique muros. Trojan dead, and dotted the fields everywhere with imus in aduersos?quid cessas? an tibi Mauors trophies. You're free to try what raw courage can uentosa in lingua pedibusque fugacibus istis 390 do, and certainly we don't need to search far for semper erit? enemies: they're surrounding the walls on every pulsus ego? aut quisquam merito, foedissime, side. Shall we go against them? Why hesitate? Will pulsum your appetite for war always remain in your airy arguet, Iliaco tumidum qui crescere Thybrim tongue and fleeing feet? I, beaten? You total sanguine et Euandri totam cum stirpe uidebit disgrace, can anyone who sees the Tiber swollen procubuisse domum atque exutos Arcadas armis? with Trojan blood, and all Evander's house and race 395 toppled, and the Arcadians stripped of weapons, haud ita me experti Bitias et Pandarus ingens say with justice I am beaten? Bitias, and giant et quos mille die uictor sub Tartara misi, Pandarus, and the thousand men that I as victor sent inclusus muris hostilique aggere saeptus. down to Tartarus in one day, did not find it so, nulla salus bello? capiti cane talia, demens, imprisoned though I was by the walls, and hedged Dardanio rebusque tuis. proinde omnia magno 400 by enemy ramparts. No safety in war? Madman, ne cessa turbare metu atque extollere uiris sing such about the Trojan's life, and your gentis bis uictae, contra premere arma Latini. possessions. Go on then, troubling everyone with nunc et Myrmidonum proceres Phrygia arma your great fears, and extolling the powers of a race tremescunt, twice-defeated, while disparaging Latinus's army. nunc et Tydides et Larisaeus Achilles, Now even Myrmidon princes, now Diomede, amnis et Hadriacas retro fugit Aufidus undas. 405 Tydeus's son, and Larissean Achilles, tremble at uel cum se pauidum contra mea iurgia fingit, Trojan weapons, and Aufidus's river flows artificis scelus, et formidine crimen acerbat. backwards from the Adriatic waves. And what numquam animam talem dextra hac (absiste when he pretends he's afraid to quarrel with me, the moueri) cunning rascal, and intensifies the charge with false amittes: habitet tecum et sit pectore in isto. terror. You'll not lose a life like yours to my right nunc ad te et tua magna, pater, consulta reuertor. hand (don't shrink) keep it, let it remain in your 410 breast. Now, old father, I return to you and your si nullam nostris ultra spem ponis in armis, great debate. If you place no further hope in our si tam deserti sumus et semel agmine uerso forces, if we're so desolate, if one reverse for our funditus occidimus neque habet Fortuna regressum, troops has utterly destroyed us, and our Fortunes oremus pacem et dextras tendamus inertis. cannot return, let's stretch out our helpless hands, quamquam o si solitae quicquam uirtutis adesset! and sue for peace. Oh if only our traditional 415 courage was here, though. That man to me would ille mihi ante alios fortunatusque laborum be happy in his efforts, and outstanding in spirit, egregiusque animi, qui, ne quid tale uideret, who had fallen in death, so as not to see such procubuit moriens et humum semel ore momordit. things, and who had bitten the dust once and for all. sin et opes nobis et adhuc intacta iuuentus Yet if we still have our wealth and manhood intact auxilioque urbes Italae populique supersunt, 420 and nations and cities of Italy are still our allies, if sin et Troianis cum multo gloria uenit the Trojans won glory with great bloodshed, (they sanguine (sunt illis sua funera, parque per omnis too have their dead, the storm of war's the same for tempestas), cur indecores in limine primo all) why do we lose heart, shamefully, on the very deficimus? cur ante tubam tremor occupat artus? threshold? Why does fear seize our limbs before multa dies uariique labor mutabilis aeui 425 the trumpets sound? Many things change for the rettulit in melius, multos alterna reuisens better with time, and the various labours of altering lusit et in solido rursus Fortuna locauit. years: Fortune toys with many a man, then, visiting non erit auxilio nobis Aetolus et Arpi: him in turn, sets him on solid ground again. The at Messapus erit felixque Tolumnius et quos Aetolian and his Arpi will be no help to us: but tot populi misere duces, nec parua sequetur 430 Messapus will, and Tolumnius, the fortunate, and gloria delectos Latio et Laurentibus agris. all those leaders sent by many a people: no little est et Volscorum egregia de gente Camilla glory will accrue to the flower of Latium and agmen agens equitum et florentis aere cateruas. Laurentine fields. We have Camilla too, of the quod si me solum Teucri in certamina poscunt glorious Volscian nation, leading her troop of idque placet tantumque bonis communibus obsto, riders, and squadrons bright with bronze. But if the 435 Trojans only call me to fight, and that's your wish, non adeo has exosa manus Victoria fugit if I'm so great an obstacle to the common good, ut tanta quicquam pro spe temptare recusem. Victory is far from having fled these hands of mine ibo animis contra, uel magnum praestet Achillem with such hatred that I should refuse to try anything factaque Volcani manibus paria induat arma for a hope so sweet. I'd face him with courage ille licet. uobis animam hanc soceroque Latino 440 though he outclassed great Achilles, and wore Turnus ego, haud ulli ueterum uirtute secundus, armour to match, fashioned by Vulcan's hands. I, deuoui. solum Aeneas uocat? et uocet oro; Turnus, not second in virtue to any of my ancestors, nec Drances potius, siue est haec ira deorum, dedicate my life to you all, and to Latinus, father of morte luat, siue est uirtus et gloria, tollat.' my bride, Aeneas challenges me alone? I pray that he does so challenge: and, if the gods' anger is in this, that it is not Drances rather than I who appeases them in death, or if there's worth and glory, takes it all. Lines 445-531 The Trojans Attack Illi haec inter se dubiis de rebus agebant 445 Arguing among themselves, they debated the issues certantes: castra Aeneas aciemque mouebat. in doubt: while Aeneas was moving his camp and nuntius ingenti per regia tecta tumultu lines. See, a messenger runs through the royal ecce ruit magnisque urbem terroribus implet: palace, with great commotion, filling the city with instructos acie Tiberino a flumine Teucros huge alarm: the Trojans, ready for battle, and the Tyrrhenamque manum totis descendere campis. Etruscan ranks were sweeping down from the river 450 Tiber, over the plain. At once people's minds were extemplo turbati animi concussaque uulgi troubled, their hearts shaken, and their deep anger pectora et arrectae stimulis haud mollibus irae. roused by the ungentle shock. Anxiously they arma manu trepidi poscunt, fremit arma iuuentus, called for weapons: weapons the young men flent maesti mussantque patres. hic undique clamor shouted, while their sad fathers wept and dissensu uario magnus se tollit in auras, 455 murmured. And now a great clamour filled with haud secus atque alto in luco cum forte cateruae discord rose to heaven on every side, as when a consedere auium, piscosoue amne Padusae flock of birds settles by chance in some tall grove, dant sonitum rauci per stagna loquacia cycni. or when the swans give their hoarse calls, among 'immo,' ait 'o ciues,' arrepto tempore Turnus, noisy pools, by Padusa's fish-filled streams. 'Yes, 'cogite concilium et pacem laudate sedentes; 460 oh citizens,' Turnus cried, seizing his moment, illi armis in regna ruunt.' nec plura locutus 'convene your council and sit there praising peace: corripuit sese et tectis citus extulit altis. while they attack us with weapons.' He said no 'tu, Voluse, armari Volscorum edice maniplis, more but sprang up and went swiftly from the high duc' ait 'et Rutulos. equitem Messapus in armis, halls. 'You, Volusus,' he shouted, 'tell the Volscian et cum fratre Coras latis diffundite campis. 465 troops to arm, and lead the Rutulians. Messapus, pars aditus urbis firment turrisque capessant; and Coras with your brother, deploy the cavalry, cetera, qua iusso, mecum manus inferat arma.' under arms, over the wide plain. Let some secure Ilicet in muros tota discurritur urbe. the city gates, and occupy the towers: the rest carry concilium ipse pater et magna incepta Latinus their weapons with me, where I order.' At once deserit ac tristi turbatus tempore differt, 470 there was a rush to the walls all over the city. King multaque se incusat qui non acceperit ultro Latinus himself left the council, dismayed by the Dardanium Aenean generumque asciuerit urbi. darkness of the hour, and abandoned his great plan, praefodiunt alii portas aut saxa sudesque reproaching himself again and again for not having subuectant. bello dat signum rauca cruentum freely received Trojan Aeneas, and adopted him as bucina. tum muros uaria cinxere corona 475 his son-in-law for the city's sake. Some dug matronae puerique, uocat labor ultimus omnis. trenches in front of the gates or carried stones and nec non ad templum summasque ad Palladis arces stakes. The harsh trumpet gave the cruel call to subuehitur magna matrum regina caterua war. Then a diverse circle of mothers and sons dona ferens, iuxtaque comes Lauinia uirgo, ringed the walls: this final trial summoned them all. causa mali tanti, oculos deiecta decoros. 480 Moreover the Queen, with a great crowd of women, succedunt matres et templum ture uaporant drove to Pallas's temple on the heights of the citadel et maestas alto fundunt de limine uoces: carrying gifts, virgin Lavinia next to her as her 'armipotens, praeses belli, Tritonia uirgo, companion, a source of so much trouble, her frange manu telum Phrygii praedonis, et ipsum beautiful eyes cast down. The women climbed to pronum sterne solo portisque effunde sub altis.' 485 the temple, filled it with incense fumes, and poured cingitur ipse furens certatim in proelia Turnus. out sad prayers from the high threshold: 'Tritonian iamque adeo rutilum thoraca indutus aenis Virgin, mighty in weapons, ruler of war, shatter the horrebat squamis surasque incluserat auro, spear of the Trojan robber, with your hand, hurl tempora nudus adhuc, laterique accinxerat ensem, him flat on the earth, stretch him prone beneath our fulgebatque alta decurrens aureus arce 490 high gates.' Turnus, in a fury of zeal, armed himself exsultatque animis et spe iam praecipit hostem: for battle. He was already dressed in his glowing qualis ubi abruptis fugit praesepia uinclis breastplate, bristling with bronze scales, his legs tandem liber equus, campoque potitus aperto sheathed in gold, his temples still bare, his sword aut ille in pastus armentaque tendit equarum buckled to his side, shining, splendid, as he ran aut adsuetus aquae perfundi flumine noto 495 down from the citadel's heights, exultant in spirit, emicat, arrectisque fremit ceruicibus alte already anticipating the enemy in hope: like a luxurians luduntque iubae per colla, per armos. stallion, breaking his tether and fleeing his stall, Obuia cui Volscorum acie comitante Camilla free at last, lord of the open plain, who either heads occurrit portisque ab equo regina sub ipsis for the pastures and the herds of mares, or, used to desiluit, quam tota cohors imitata relictis 500 bathing in some familiar river, gallops away, and, ad terram defluxit equis; tum talia fatur: with head held high, neighs with pleasure, his mane 'Turne, sui merito si qua est fiducia forti, playing over neck and shoulder. Camilla sped to audeo et Aeneadum promitto occurrere turmae meet him, accompanied by her Volscian troops, and solaque Tyrrhenos equites ire obuia contra. alighted from her horse close by the gates, all her me sine prima manu temptare pericula belli, 505 company leaving their mounts at her example, and tu pedes ad muros subsiste et moenia serua.' slipping to earth: then she spoke as follows: Turnus ad haec oculos horrenda in uirgine fixus: 'Turnus, if the brave may rightly have faith in 'o decus Italiae uirgo, quas dicere grates themselves, I dare to, and promise to, encounter quasue referre parem? sed nunc, est omnia quando Aeneas's cavalry, and ride to meet the Etruscan iste animus supra, mecum partire laborem. 510 horsemen alone. Let me attempt the first dangers of Aeneas, ut fama fidem missique reportant the battle with my hand while you stay by the walls exploratores, equitum leuia improbus arma and protect the ramparts.' Turnus replied, his gaze praemisit, quaterent campos; ipse ardua montis fixed on this amazing girl: 'O virgin glory of Italy, per deserta iugo superans aduentat ad urbem. how should I attempt to thank you or repay you? furta paro belli conuexo in tramite siluae, 515 But as your spirit soars beyond us all, share the task ut biuias armato obsidam milite fauces. with me. Aeneas, so rumour says, and scouts sent tu Tyrrhenum equitem conlatis excipe signis; out confirm, has deployed his light cavalry to tecum acer Messapus erit turmaeque Latinae search the plains thoroughly: he himself climbing Tiburtique manus, ducis et tu concipe curam.' the ridge, marches through the desolate heights sic ait, et paribus Messapum in proelia dictis 520 towards the town. I am preparing an ambush on a hortatur sociosque duces et pergit in hostem. deep track in the woods, so as to block both Est curuo anfractu ualles, accommoda fraudi entrances to the gorge with armed men: you must armorumque dolis, quam densis frondibus atrum wait for the Etruscan cavalry charge: brave urget utrimque latus, tenuis quo semita ducit Messapus will be with you, and the Latin troops, angustaeque ferunt fauces aditusque maligni. 525 and Tiburtus's band, and you must take command hanc super in speculis summoque in uertice montis as leader.' So he spoke, and exhorted Messapus and planities ignota iacet tutique receptus, all the allied generals to battle, with similar words, seu dextra laeuaque uelis occurrere pugnae then moved against the enemy. There's a valley siue instare iugis et grandia uoluere saxa. with a winding bend, suitable for the tricks and huc iuuenis nota fertur regione uiarum 530 stratagems of warfare, crowded on both sides by a arripuitque locum et siluis insedit iniquis. dark wall of dense leaves, to which a narrow track leads: it has a confined floor, and a difficult entrance. Above it, among the look-outs of the high mountain tops, lies a hidden level and a secure shelter, whether one wishes to attack to right or left, or make a stand on the ridge and roll huge boulders down. Here the warrior hurried by a well known network of paths and taking position he occupied the treacherous woods. Lines 532-596 Diana's Concern For Camilla Velocem interea superis in sedibus Opim, Meanwhile, in heaven's halls, Diana, Latona's unam ex uirginibus sociis sacraque caterua, daughter, spoke to swift Opis, one of her sacred compellabat et has tristis Latonia uoces band of virgin followers, and gave voice to these ore dabat: 'graditur bellum ad crudele Camilla, 535 sorrowful words: 'O girl, Camilla, is going to the o uirgo, et nostris nequiquam cingitur armis, cruel war, and takes up my weapons in vain. She's cara mihi ante alias. neque enim nouus iste Dianae dearer to me than all others, and this is no new love uenit amor subitaque animum dulcedine mouit. that comes to Diana, or moves my spirit with pulsus ob inuidiam regno uirisque superbas sudden sweetness. When Metabus was driven from Priuerno antiqua Metabus cum excederet urbe, 540 his throne by hatred of his tyrannical power, and infantem fugiens media inter proelia belli was leaving Privernum, his ancient city, fleeing sustulit exsilio comitem, matrisque uocauit amidst the conflict of war, he took his child to share nomine Casmillae mutata parte Camillam. his exile, and, slightly altering her mother's name ipse sinu prae se portans iuga longa petebat Casmilla, called her Camilla. Carrying her in front solorum nemorum: tela undique saeua premebant of him at his breast he sought a long ridge of lonely 545 forests: fierce weapons threatened him on every et circumfuso uolitabant milite Volsci. side, and the Volscians hovered round him with ecce fugae medio summis Amasenus abundans their troops. While they were still in mid- flight, spumabat ripis, tantus se nubibus imber see, the Ausenus overflowed, foaming to the top of ruperat. ille innare parans infantis amore its banks, so great a downpour burst from the tardatur caroque oneri timet. omnia secum 550 clouds. He, preparing to swim across, was held uersanti subito uix haec sententia sedit: back by love of his child, and fear for his dear telum immane manu ualida quod forte gerebat burden. Quickly, debating all options with himself, bellator, solidum nodis et robore cocto, he settled reluctantly on this idea: the warrior huic natam libro et siluestri subere clausam fastened his daughter to the giant spear, solid with implicat atque habilem mediae circumligat hastae; knots and of seasoned oak, he chanced to be 555 carrying in his strong hand, wrapping her in the quam dextra ingenti librans ita ad aethera fatur: bark of a cork- tree from the woods, and tying her "alma, tibi hanc, nemorum cultrix, Latonia uirgo, wisely to the middle of the shaft: then balancing it ipse pater famulam uoueo; tua prima per auras in his mighty hand he cried out to the heavens: tela tenens supplex hostem fugit. accipe, testor, 'Kind virgin daughter of Latona, dweller in the diua tuam, quae nunc dubiis committitur auris." woods, I her father dedicate this child to your 560 service: fleeing the enemy through the air, yours is dixit, et adducto contortum hastile lacerto the first weapon she clasps as a suppliant. Goddess immittit: sonuere undae, rapidum super amnem I beg you to accept as your own this that I now infelix fugit in iaculo stridente Camilla. commit to the uncertain breeze.' He spoke, and at Metabus magna propius iam urgente caterua drawing back his arm hurled the spinning shaft: the dat sese fluuio, atque hastam cum uirgine uictor waters roared, and the wretched Camilla flew over 565 the rushing river on the hissing steel. And Metabus, gramineo, donum Triuiae, de caespite uellit. with a great crowd of his enemies pressing him non illum tectis ullae, non moenibus urbes closely, gave himself to the flood, and victoriously accepere (neque ipse manus feritate dedisset), snatched his gift to Diana from the grassy turf, the pastorum et solis exegit montibus aeuum. spear and the little maid. No city would accept him hic natam in dumis interque horrentia lustra 570 within their houses or their walls, (nor would he in armentalis equae mammis et lacte ferino his savagery have given himself up to them) he nutribat teneris immulgens ubera labris. passed his life among shepherds on the lonely utque pedum primis infans uestigia plantis mountains. Here, among the thickets of savage institerat, iaculo palmas armauit acuto lairs, he nourished his child at the udders of a mare spiculaque ex umero paruae suspendit et arcum. from the herd, and milk from wild creatures, 575 squeezing the teats into her delicate mouth. As soon pro crinali auro, pro longae tegmine pallae as the infant had taken her first steps, he placed a tigridis exuuiae per dorsum a uertice pendent. sharp lance in her hands, and hung bow and quiver tela manu iam tum tenera puerilia torsit from the little one's shoulder. A tiger's pelt hung et fundam tereti circum caput egit habena over head and down her back instead of a gold Strymoniamque gruem aut album deiecit olorem. clasp for her hair, and a long trailing robe. Even 580 then she was hurling childish spears with tender multae illam frustra Tyrrhena per oppida matres hand, whirling a smooth-thonged sling round her optauere nurum; sola contenta Diana head, bringing down Strymonian cranes and snowy aeternum telorum et uirginitatis amorem swans. Many a mother in Etruscan fortresses intemerata colit. uellem haud correpta fuisset wished for her as a daughter-in-law in vain: she, militia tali conata lacessere Teucros: 585 pure, content with Diana alone, cherished her love cara mihi comitumque foret nunc una mearum. of her weapons and maidenhood. I wish she had not uerum age, quandoquidem fatis urgetur acerbis, been swept up into such warfare, trying to labere, nympha, polo finisque inuise Latinos, challenge the Trojans: she would be my darling, tristis ubi infausto committitur omine pugna. and one of my company still. Come now, nymph, haec cape et ultricem pharetra deprome sagittam: since bitter fate drives her on, slip from the sky and 590 seek out the Latin borders, where with evil omen hac, quicumque sacrum uiolarit uulnere corpus, they join in sad battle. Take these weapons and Tros Italusque, mihi pariter det sanguine poenas. draw an avenging arrow from the quiver, and if post ego nube caua miserandae corpus et arma anyone violates her sacred flesh by wounding her, inspoliata feram tumulo patriaeque reponam.' Trojan or Italian, pay me with their equal dixit, at illa leuis caeli delapsa per auras 595 punishment in blood. Then I'll carry the body and insonuit nigro circumdata turbine corpus. untouched weapons of the poor girl in a cavernous cloud to a sepulchre, and bury her in her own land.' She spoke, and Opis slid down with a sound through heaven's light air, her body veiled in a dark whirlwind. Lines 597-647 The Armies Engage At manus interea muris Troiana propinquat, In the meantime the Trojan band with the Etruscan Etruscique duces equitumque exercitus omnis leaders, and all the cavalry, approached the walls, compositi numero in turmas. fremit aequore toto marshalled in squadrons troop by troop. Warhorses insultans sonipes et pressis pugnat habenis 600 neighing, cavorted over the whole area, fighting the huc conuersus et huc; tum late ferreus hastis tight rein, prancing this way and that: the field horret ager campique armis sublimibus ardent. bristled far and wide with the steel of spears, and nec non Messapus contra celeresque Latini the plain blazed with lifted weapons. On the other et cum fratre Coras et uirginis ala Camillae side, also, Messapus, and the swift Latins, Coras aduersi campo apparent, hastasque reductis 605 with his brother, and virgin Camilla's wing protendunt longe dextris et spicula uibrant, appeared, opposing them on the plain, and drawing aduentusque uirum fremitusque ardescit equorum. their right arms far back they thrust their lances iamque intra iactum teli progressus uterque forward, the spear-points quivered: the march of substiterat: subito erumpunt clamore furentisque men and the neighing of horses increased. And now exhortantur equos, fundunt simul undique tela 610 both halted their advance within a spear's throw: crebra niuis ritu, caelumque obtexitur umbra. they ran forward with a sudden shout and spurred continuo aduersis Tyrrhenus et acer Aconteus on their maddened horses, spears showered from all conixi incurrunt hastis primique ruinam sides at once as dense as snowflakes, and the sky dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum was veiled in darkness. Immediately Tyrrhenus and pectora pectoribus rumpunt; excussus Aconteus brave Aconteus charged each other, with levelled 615 spears, and were the first to fall with a mighty fulminis in morem aut tormento ponderis acti crash, shattering their horses' breastbones as they praecipitat longe et uitam dispergit in auras. collided: Aconteus, hurled like a thunderbolt or a Extemplo turbatae acies, uersique Latini heavy stone shot from a catapult, was thrown some reiciunt parmas et equos ad moenia uertunt; distance, and wasted his breath of life on the air. At Troes agunt, princeps turmas inducit Asilas. 620 once the ranks wavered, and the Latins slung their iamque propinquabant portis rursusque Latini shields behind them, and turned their mounts clamorem tollunt et mollia colla reflectunt; towards the walls. The Trojans pursued, Asilas hi fugiunt penitusque datis referuntur habenis. their leader heading the squadrons. Now they were qualis ubi alterno procurrens gurgite pontus nearing the gates when the Latins again raised a nunc ruit ad terram scopulosque superiacit unda shout, and turned their horse's responsive necks: the 625 Trojans now fled, and retreated to a distance with spumeus extremamque sinu perfundit harenam, loose reins, like the sea running in with alternate nunc rapidus retro atque aestu reuoluta resorbens waves, now rushing to shore, dashing over the saxa fugit litusque uado labente relinquit: rocks in a foaming flood, drenching the furthest bis Tusci Rutulos egere ad moenia uersos, sands with its swell, now retreating quickly, bis reiecti armis respectant terga tegentes. 630 sucking rolling pebbles in its wash, leaving dry tertia sed postquam congressi in proelia totas sand as the shallows ebbed: twice the Tuscans implicuere inter se acies legitque uirum uir, drove the routed Rutulians to the city, twice, tum uero et gemitus morientum et sanguine in alto repulsed, they looked behind, defending their backs armaque corporaque et permixti caede uirorum with their shields. But when they clashed in a third semianimes uoluuntur equi, pugna aspera surgit. encounter their lines locked tight, and man marked 635 man, then truly, the battle swelled fiercely among Orsilochus Remuli, quando ipsum horrebat adire, the groans of the dying, with weapons, bodies, and hastam intorsit equo ferrumque sub aure reliquit; horses in their death-throes, in pools of blood, quo sonipes ictu furit arduus altaque iactat entangled with slaughtered riders. Orsilochus uulneris impatiens arrecto pectore crura, hurled a lance at Remulus's horse, fearing to attack uoluitur ille excussus humi. Catillus Iollan 640 the man, and left the point embedded beneath its ingentemque animis, ingentem corpore et armis ear: The rearing charger, maddened by the blow, deicit Herminium, nudo cui uertice fulua and unable to bear the wound, lifted its chest, and caesaries nudique umeri nec uulnera terrent; thrashed high with its forelegs, Remulus thrown tantus in arma patet. latos huic hasta per armos clear, rolled on the ground. Catillus felled Iollas acta tremit duplicatque uirum transfixa dolore. 645 and Herminius, a giant in courage, a giant in torso funditur ater ubique cruor; dant funera ferro and limbs, tawny hair on his head, his shoulders certantes pulchramque petunt per uulnera mortem. bare, for whom wounds held no terror he spread so wide in his armour. The driven spear passed quivering through his broad shoulders, and, piercing him, doubled him up with pain. Dark blood streamed everywhere: clashing with swords, they dealt death and sought a glorious ending through their wounds. Lines 648-724 Camilla In Action At medias inter caedes exsultat Amazon But an Amazon exulted in the midst of the unum exserta latus pugnae, pharetrata Camilla, slaughter, with one breast bared for battle: Camilla, et nunc lenta manu spargens hastilia denset, 650 armed with her quiver: now she showered sturdy nunc ualidam dextra rapit indefessa bipennem; javelins, scattering them from her hands, now she aureus ex umero sonat arcus et arma Dianae. lifted a strong battle-axe in her unwearied grasp: illa etiam, si quando in tergum pulsa recessit, and Diana's weapon, a golden bow, rattled on her spicula conuerso fugientia derigit arcu. shoulder. Even when she retreated, attacked from at circum lectae comites, Larinaque uirgo 655 behind, she reversed her bow and fired arrows Tullaque et aeratam quatiens Tarpeia securim, while fleeing. And around her were chosen Italides, quas ipsa decus sibi dia Camilla comrades, virgin Larina, and Tulla, and Tarpeia delegit pacisque bonas bellique ministras: wielding her axe of bronze, the Italides, daughters quales Threiciae cum flumina Thermodontis of Italy, whom noble Camilla chose herself as her pulsant et pictis bellantur Amazones armis, 660 glory, faithful servants in peace or war: such were seu circum Hippolyten seu cum se Martia curru the Amazons of Thrace, treading Thermodon's Penthesilea refert, magnoque ululante tumultu streams, and fighting with ornate weapons, around feminea exsultant lunatis agmina peltis. Hippolyte, or when Penthesilea returned, in her Quem telo primum, quem postremum, aspera uirgo, chariot, and the ranks of women with crescent deicis? aut quot humi morientia corpora fundis? shields exulted. Whom did you strike, first and last, 665 with your spear, fierce girl? How many bodies did Eunaeum Clytio primum patre, cuius apertum you spill over the earth? Euneus, son of Clytius, aduersi longa transuerberat abiete pectus. was the first, whose exposed chest she pierced with sanguinis ille uomens riuos cadit atque cruentam her long shaft of pine, as he faced her. He fell, mandit humum moriensque suo se in uulnere spewing streams of blood, and bit the gory dust, uersat. and, dying, writhed on his wound. Then she killed tum Lirim Pagasumque super, quorum alter Liris and Pagasus too, one gathering the reins of his habenas 670 wounded horse as he rolled from it, the other suffuso reuolutus equo dum colligit, alter nearing to stretch out a defenceless hand to the dum subit ac dextram labenti tendit inermem, falling man, both flung headlong together. She praecipites pariterque ruunt. his addit Amastrum added to them Amastrus, son of Hippotas, and, Hippotaden, sequiturque incumbens eminus hasta leaning forward to throw, sent her spear after Tereaque Harpalycumque et Demophoonta Tereus, Harpalycus, Demophoon and Cromis: and Chromimque; 675 as many spears as the girl sent spinning from her quotque emissa manu contorsit spicula uirgo, hand, so many Trojan warriors fell. The huntsman tot Phrygii cecidere uiri. procul Ornytus armis Ornytus was riding far off, in unfamiliar armour, on ignotis et equo uenator Iapyge fertur, his Iapygian horse, the hide stripped from a bullock cui pellis latos umeros erepta iuuenco covering his broad shoulders, his head protected by pugnatori operit, caput ingens oris hiatus 680 a wolf's huge gaping mask, and white-toothed jaws, et malae texere lupi cum dentibus albis, a rustic's hunting- spear in his hand: he moved agrestisque manus armat sparus; ipse cateruis along in the centre of the army, a full head above uertitur in mediis et toto uertice supra est. the rest. Catching him she struck him (no effort in hunc illa exceptum (neque enim labor agmine the routed ranks) then with pitiless heart spoke uerso) above him: 'Did you think you chased prey in the traicit et super haec inimico pectore fatur: 685 forest, Tuscan? The day is here that proves your 'siluis te, Tyrrhene, feras agitare putasti? words wrong, with a woman's weapons. But you'll aduenit qui uestra dies muliebribus armis carry no small fame to your father's shades, you fell uerba redargueret. nomen tamen haud leue patrum to Camilla's spear.' Then she killed Orsilochus and manibus hoc referes, telo cecidisse Camillae.' Butes, two of the largest Trojans, Butes she fixed Protinus Orsilochum et Buten, duo maxima with a spear in the back, between breastplate and Teucrum 690 helmet, where the rider's neck gleams and the corpora, sed Buten auersum cuspide fixit shield hangs from the left arm: while fleeing from loricam galeamque inter, qua colla sedentis Orsilochus, chased in a wide circle, she eluded him, lucent et laeuo dependet parma lacerto; wheeling inside, pursuing the pursuer: then, lifting Orsilochum fugiens magnumque agitata per orbem herself higher, drove her strong axe, again and eludit gyro interior sequiturque sequentem; 695 again, through armour and bone, as he begged and tum ualidam perque arma uiro perque ossa securim prayed desperately: the wounds staining his face altior exsurgens oranti et multa precanti with warm brain-matter. Now the warrior son of congeminat; uulnus calido rigat ora cerebro. Aunus, met her, and suddenly halted, terrified at the incidit huic subitoque aspectu territus haesit sight, he a man of the Apennines, not the least of Appenninicolae bellator filius Auni, 700 the lying Ligurians while fate allowed it. When he haud Ligurum extremus, dum fallere fata sinebant. saw he couldn't escape a fight by a turn of speed, or isque ubi se nullo iam cursu euadere pugnae divert the queen from her attack, he tried to devise posse neque instantem reginam auertere cernit, a stratagem with wit and cunning, as follows: consilio uersare dolos ingressus et astu 'What's so great about relying on a strong horse, incipit haec: 'quid tam egregium, si femina forti 705 woman? Forget flight, and trust yourself to fighting fidis equo? dimitte fugam et te comminus aequo me on level ground, equip yourself to battle on mecum crede solo pugnaeque accinge pedestri: foot: you'll soon know whose windy boasting's an iam nosces uentosa ferat cui gloria fraudem.' illusion.' He spoke, and she, raging and burning dixit, at illa furens acrique accensa dolore with bitter resentment, handed her horse to a friend, tradit equum comiti paribusque resistit in armis 710 and faced him with equal weapons. on foot and ense pedes nudo puraque interrita parma. unafraid, with naked sword and plain shield. But at iuuenis uicisse dolo ratus auolat ipse the youth, sure he had won by guile, sped off (haud mora), conuersisque fugax aufertur habenis (instantly), flicking his reins, took to flight, quadripedemque citum ferrata calce fatigat. pricking his horse to a gallop with spurs of steel. 'uane Ligus frustraque animis elate superbis, 715 The girl shouted: 'Stupid Ligurian, uselessly nequiquam patrias temptasti lubricus artis, vaunting your boastful spirit, you've tried your nec fraus te incolumem fallaci perferet Auno.' slippery native wiles in vain, and cunning won't haec fatur uirgo, et pernicibus ignea plantis carry you back to Aunus unharmed.' And like transit equum cursu frenisque aduersa prehensis lightening she intercepted the horse's path, on swift congreditur poenasque inimico ex sanguine sumit: feet, and seizing the reins from in front tackled him, 720 and took vengeance on the blood she hated: as light quam facile accipiter saxo sacer ales ab alto as a falcon, Apollo's sacred bird, swooping from a consequitur pennis sublimem in nube columbam tall rock, overtaking a dove in flight in the high comprensamque tenet pedibusque euiscerat uncis; cloud, holding her in its talons, and tearing her tum cruor et uulsae labuntur ab aethere plumae. heart out with its curved talons: while blood and torn feathers shower from the sky. Lines 725-767 Arruns Follows Her At non haec nullis hominum sator atque deorum But the father of gods and men with watchful eyes 725 sat throned on high Olympus observing it all. The obseruans oculis summo sedet altus Olympo. maker stirred the Etruscan, Tarchon, to fierce battle Tyrrhenum genitor Tarchonem in proelia saeua and goaded him to anger with no gentle spur. So suscitat et stimulis haud mollibus inicit iras. Tarchon rode amidst the slaughter and the wavering ergo inter caedes cedentiaque agmina Tarchon ranks, inciting his squadrons with varied shouts, fertur equo uariisque instigat uocibus alas 730 and calling each man by name, rallying the routed nomine quemque uocans, reficitque in proelia to the fight. 'What fear, what utter cowardice has pulsos. filled your hearts, O, you ever-sluggish Tuscans, O 'quis metus, o numquam dolituri, o semper inertes you who are never ashamed? Can a woman drive Tyrrheni, quae tanta animis ignauia uenit? you in disorder and turn your ranks? Why do we femina palantis agit atque haec agmina uertit! bear swords and spears idle in our right hands? But quo ferrum quidue haec gerimus tela inrita dextris? you are not slow to love or for nocturnal battles, 735 nor when the curved pipe proclaims the Bacchic at non in Venerem segnes nocturnaque bella, dance. Wait then for the feast and wine-cups on the aut ubi curua choros indixit tibia Bacchi. loaded tables, (that is your passion and your exspectate dapes et plenae pocula mensae pleasure) while the happy seer reports the sacred (hic amor, hoc studium) dum sacra secundus omens, and the rich sacrifice calls you into the deep haruspex grove!' So saying, and ready to die, he spurred his nuntiet ac lucos uocet hostia pinguis in altos!' 740 mount into the press, tore at Venulus like a haec effatus equum in medios moriturus et ipse whirlwind, and snatched him from his horse, and, concitat, et Venulo aduersum se turbidus infert clasping his enemy to his chest with his right arm, dereptumque ab equo dextra complectitur hostem and stirring himself to a mighty effort, carried him et gremium ante suum multa ui concitus aufert. off. A shout rose to the skies and all the Latins tollitur in caelum clamor cunctique Latini 745 turned their gaze that way. Tarchon flew over the conuertere oculos. uolat igneus aequore Tarchon plain like lightning, carrying weapons and man: arma uirumque ferens; tum summa ipsius ab hasta then he broke of the iron tip of his enemy's spear, defringit ferrum et partis rimatur apertas, and searched for an unguarded opening where he qua uulnus letale ferat; contra ille repugnans might deal a deadly wound: Venulus, struggling sustinet a iugulo dextram et uim uiribus exit. 750 with him, kept the hand from his throat, meeting utque uolans alte raptum cum fulua draconem force with force. As when a tawny eagle soaring fert aquila implicuitque pedes atque unguibus high carries a snake it has caught, entwined in its haesit, feet, with talons clinging, while the wounded saucius at serpens sinuosa uolumina uersat serpent writhes in sinuous coils, and rears its arrectisque horret squamis et sibilat ore bristling scales, hissing with its mouth as it rises up, arduus insurgens, illa haud minus urget obunco 755 and none the less attacks its struggling prey, with luctantem rostro, simul aethera uerberat alis: curved beak, while its wings beat the air: so haud aliter praedam Tiburtum ex agmine Tarchon Tarchon carried his prize in triumph from the portat ouans. ducis exemplum euentumque secuti Tiburtian ranks. Emulating their leader's example Maeonidae incurrunt. tum fatis debitus Arruns and success, the Etruscans charged. And now uelocem iaculo et multa prior arte Camillam 760 Arruns, a man whose life was owed to the fates, circuit, et quae sit fortuna facillima temptat. began to circle swift Camilla, with his javelin, with qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine uirgo, skilful cunning, trying for the easiest of chances. hac Arruns subit et tacitus uestigia lustrat; Wherever the girl rode among the ranks, in her qua uictrix redit illa pedemque ex hoste reportat, fury, there Arruns shadowed her, and followed her hac iuuenis furtim celeris detorquet habenas. 765 track in silence: wherever she returned in triumph hos aditus iamque hos aditus omnemque pererrat or withdrew from the foe, there the youth secretly undique circuitum et certam quatit improbus turned his quick reins. He tried this approach and hastam. that, travelling the whole circuit on every side, relentlessly brandishing his sure spear. Lines 768-835 The Death of Camilla Forte sacer Cybelo Chloreus olimque sacerdos It chanced that Chloreus, once a priest, sacred to insignis longe Phrygiis fulgebat in armis Cybele, glittered some distance away splendid in spumantemque agitabat equum, quem pellis aenis Phrygian armour, spurring his foam-flecked horse, 770 that a hide, plumed with bronze scales, and clasped in plumam squamis auro conserta tegebat. with gold, protected. He himself, shining with deep ipse peregrina ferrugine clarus et ostro colours and foreign purple, fired Gortynian arrows spicula torquebat Lycio Gortynia cornu; from a Lycian bow: the weapon was golden on his aureus ex umeris erat arcus et aurea uati shoulder, and golden the seer's helm: his saffron cassida; tum croceam chlamydemque sinusque cloak and its rustling folds of linen were gathered crepantis 775 into a knot with yellow gold, his tunic and barbaric carbaseos fuluo in nodum collegerat auro leg-coverings embroidered by the needle. The pictus acu tunicas et barbara tegmina crurum. virgin huntress singling him out from all the press hunc uirgo, siue ut templis praefigeret arma of battle, either hoping to hang his Trojan weapons Troia, captiuo siue ut se ferret in auro in the temple, or to display herself in captured gold, uenatrix, unum ex omni certamine pugnae 780 pursued him blindly, and raged recklessly through caeca sequebatur totumque incauta per agmen the ranks, with a feminine desire for prizes and femineo praedae et spoliorum ardebat amore, spoil, when Arruns, finally seizing his chance, telum ex insidiis cum tandem tempore capto raised his spear from ambush and prayed aloud, concitat et superos Arruns sic uoce precatur: like this, to heaven: 'Highest of gods, Apollo, 'summe deum, sancti custos Soractis Apollo, 785 guardian of holy Soracte, whose chief followers are quem primi colimus, cui pineus ardor aceruo we for whom the blaze of the pine-wood fire is fed, pascitur, et medium freti pietate per ignem and who as worshippers, confident in our faith, cultores multa premimus uestigia pruna, plant our steps on deep embers among the flames, da, pater, hoc nostris aboleri dedecus armis, all- powerful father grant that this shame be effaced omnipotens. non exuuias pulsaeue tropaeum 790 by our weapons. I seek no prize, no trophy of the uirginis aut spolia ulla peto, mihi cetera laudem girl's defeat, no spoils: some other deed will bring facta ferent; haec dira meo dum uulnere pestis me fame: only let this dreadful scourge fall pulsa cadat, patrias remeabo inglorius urbes.' wounded under my blow, and I'll return without Audiit et uoti Phoebus succedere partem glory to the cities of my ancestors.' Phoebus heard mente dedit, partem uolucris dispersit in auras: 795 him, and granted the success of half the prayer in sterneret ut subita turbatam morte Camillam his mind, half he scattered on the passing breeze: adnuit oranti; reducem ut patria alta uideret he agreed to the prayer that Arruns might bring non dedit, inque Notos uocem uertere procellae. Camilla to sudden death's ruin: but did not grant ergo ut missa manu sonitum dedit hasta per auras, that his noble country should see him return, and conuertere animos acris oculosque tulere 800 the gusts carried his words away on the southerly cuncti ad reginam Volsci. nihil ipsa nec aurae winds. So as the spear whistled through the air, nec sonitus memor aut uenientis ab aethere teli, speeding from his hand, all the Volscians turned hasta sub exsertam donec perlata papillam their eager eyes and minds towards the queen. She haesit uirgineumque alte bibit acta cruorem. herself noticed neither breeze nor sound, nor the concurrunt trepidae comites dominamque ruentem weapon falling from the sky, till the spear went 805 home, fixing itself under her naked breast, and suscipiunt. fugit ante omnis exterritus Arruns driven deep, drank of her virgin blood. Her friends laetitia mixtoque metu, nec iam amplius hastae rushed to her anxiously and caught their falling credere nec telis occurrere uirginis audet. queen. Arruns, more fearful than the rest, fled in ac uelut ille, prius quam tela inimica sequantur, joy and terror, not daring to trust his spear further, continuo in montis sese auius abdidit altos 810 or meet the virgin's weapons. And as a wolf that occiso pastore lupus magnoue iuuenco, has killed a shepherd, or a great bullock, conscius audacis facti, caudamque remulcens immediately hides itself deep in the pathless subiecit pauitantem utero siluasque petiuit: mountains before the hostile spears can reach it, haud secus ex oculis se turbidus abstulit Arruns conscious of its audacious actions, and holds its contentusque fuga mediis se immiscuit armis. 815 lowered tail quivering between its legs, as it heads illa manu moriens telum trahit, ossa sed inter for the woods: so Arruns, in turmoil, stole away ferreus ad costas alto stat uulnere mucro. from sight, and, content to escape, plunged into the labitur exsanguis, labuntur frigida leto midst of the army. Camilla tugged at the weapon lumina, purpureus quondam color ora reliquit. with dying hands, but the iron point was fixed tum sic exspirans Accam ex aequalibus unam 820 between the bones, near the ribs, deep in the adloquitur, fida ante alias quae sola Camillae wound. She sank back bloodless, her eyes sank, quicum partiri curas, atque haec ita fatur: chill with death, the once radiant colour had left her 'hactenus, Acca soror, potui: nunc uulnus acerbum cheeks. Then, expiring, she spoke to Acca, one of conficit, et tenebris nigrescunt omnia circum. her peers, faithful to Camilla beyond all others, sole effuge et haec Turno mandata nouissima perfer: sharer of her sorrows, and uttered these words to 825 her: 'Acca, my sister, my strength lasted this far: succedat pugnae Troianosque arceat urbe. now the bitter wound exhausts me, and all around iamque uale.' simul his dictis linquebat habenas me darkens with shadows. Fly, and carry my final ad terram non sponte fluens. tum frigida toto commands to Turnus: he must take my place in the paulatim exsoluit se corpore, lentaque colla battle, and keep the Trojans from the city. Now et captum leto posuit caput, arma relinquens, 830 farewell.' With these words she let go the reins, uitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras. slipping helplessly to earth. Then, little by little, tum uero immensus surgens ferit aurea clamor growing cold she loosed herself from her body sidera: deiecta crudescit pugna Camilla; completely, dipping the unresponsive neck and that incurrunt densi simul omnis copia Teucrum head death had seized, letting go her weapons, and Tyrrhenique duces Euandrique Arcades alae. 835 with a sob her life fled angrily to the shades below. Then indeed an immense shout rose, reaching the golden stars: with Camilla fallen, the battle swelled: the Trojan host, the Etruscan leaders, and Evander's Arcadian squadrons rushed on in a mass together. Lines 836-915 Opis Takes Revenge At Triuiae custos iamdudum in montibus Opis Now Opis, Diana's sentinel, had been seated there alta sedet summis spectatque interrita pugnas. on a mountain, for a long time, watching the battle utque procul medio iuuenum in clamore furentum fearlessly. And when she saw far off, amongst the prospexit tristi mulcatam morte Camillam, clamour of raging armies, that Camilla had paid the ingemuitque deditque has imo pectore uoces: 840 penalty of death, she sighed and uttered these 'heu nimium, uirgo, nimium crudele luisti words from the depths of her heart: 'Ah too cruel, supplicium Teucros conata lacessere bello! virgin girl, too cruel the sacrifice you have made, nec tibi desertae in dumis coluisse Dianam for trying to challenge the Trojans in war! It has not profuit aut nostras umero gessisse pharetras. helped you that you worshipped Diana in the lonely non tamen indecorem tua te regina reliquit 845 woods and wore our quiver on your shoulder. Yet extrema iam in morte, neque hoc sine nomine letum your queen has not left you without honour now in per gentis erit aut famam patieris inultae. the extremes of death, nor will your loss be without nam quicumque tuum uiolauit uulnere corpus fame among the people, nor will you suffer the morte luet merita.' fuit ingens monte sub alto infamy of dying un- avenged. For whoever regis Dercenni terreno ex aggere bustum 850 desecrated your body with this wound will pay the antiqui Laurentis opacaque ilice tectum; price of death.' An earthen mound, covered with hic dea se primum rapido pulcherrima nisu shadowy holm-oak, stood beneath the high sistit et Arruntem tumulo speculatur ab alto. mountain, the vast tomb of Dercennus, an ancient ut uidit fulgentem armis ac uana tumentem, Laurentine king: here the loveliest of goddesses, 'cur' inquit 'diuersus abis? huc derige gressum, 855 after swift flight, first set foot and caught sight of huc periture ueni, capias ut digna Camillae Arruns from the high tumulus. When she saw him praemia. tune etiam telis moriere Dianae?' shining in armour, swollen with pride, she cried: dixit, et aurata uolucrem Threissa sagittam 'Why go so far away? Turn your steps here, come deprompsit pharetra cornuque infensa tetendit this way to destruction, and receive your reward, et duxit longe, donec curuata coirent 860 worthy of Camilla. May even you not die by inter se capita et manibus iam tangeret aequis, Diana's weapons?' She spoke: then the Thracian laeua aciem ferri, dextra neruoque papillam. goddess took a winged arrow from her golden extemplo teli stridorem aurasque sonantis quiver, and stretched the bow in anger, drawing it audiit una Arruns haesitque in corpore ferrum. far back, until the curving horns met, and now with illum exspirantem socii atque extrema gementem levelled arms she touched the steel tip with her left 865 hand, and her breast and the bow- string with her obliti ignoto camporum in puluere linquunt; right. At the same moment as Arruns heard the Opis ad aetherium pennis aufertur Olympum. hissing dart, and the rushing air, both one, the steel Prima fugit domina amissa leuis ala Camillae, was fixed in his body. His allies, oblivious, left him turbati fugiunt Rutuli, fugit acer Atinas, on the unmemorable dust of the plain, gasping and disiectique duces desolatique manipli 870 groaning in extremity: while Opis winged her way tuta petunt et equis auersi ad moenia tendunt. to heavenly Olympus. Camilla's light cavalry were nec quisquam instantis Teucros letumque ferentis first to flee, their mistress lost, the Rutulians fled in sustentare ualet telis aut sistere contra, turmoil, brave Atinas fled, scattered leaders and sed laxos referunt umeris languentibus arcus, abandoned troops sought safety, and, wheeling quadripedumque putrem cursu quatit ungula their horses about, headed for the walls. No one campum. 875 could check the pursuing, death-dealing Trojans uoluitur ad muros caligine turbidus atra with weapons, or stand against them but slung their puluis, et e speculis percussae pectora matres unstrung bows on bowed shoulders, and their femineum clamorem ad caeli sidera tollunt. horses' hooves shook the crumbling earth in flight. qui cursu portas primi inrupere patentis, A cloud of dark murky dust rolled towards the hos inimica super mixto premit agmine turba, 880 walls, and mothers, from the watchtowers, raised nec miseram effugiunt mortem, sed limine in ipso, the womens' cry to the stars in heaven, as they beat moenibus in patriis atque inter tuta domorum their breasts. The enemy host pressed hard on those confixi exspirant animas. pars claudere portas, who first broke at speed through the open gates, nec sociis aperire uiam nec moenibus audent mixing with their lines, so they did not escape a accipere orantis, oriturque miserrima caedes 885 pitiful death, but, pierced through, gasped away defendentum armis aditus inque arma ruentum. their lives on the very threshold, their country's exclusi ante oculos lacrimantumque ora parentum walls around them, within the shelter of their pars in praecipitis fossas urgente ruina houses. Some closed the gates, and dared not open uoluitur, immissis pars caeca et concita frenis a path for their friends or let them inside the walls, arietat in portas et duros obice postis. 890 though they begged, and the most pitiful death ipsae de muris summo certamine matres followed, of those defending the entrance in arms, (monstrat amor uerus patriae, ut uidere Camillam) and those rushing onto the swords. Some driven by tela manu trepidae iaciunt ac robore duro the rout, shut out, in front of the gaze and the stipitibus ferrum sudibusque imitantur obustis weeping faces of their parents, rolled headlong into praecipites, primaeque mori pro moenibus ardent. the ditches, others charging blindly with loose reins 895 battered at the gates and the tough gate-posts Interea Turnum in siluis saeuissimus implet barring their way. The women themselves when nuntius et iuueni ingentem fert Acca tumultum: they saw Camilla from the walls in fierce emulation deletas Volscorum acies, cecidisse Camillam, (true love of country guided them) threw weapons ingruere infensos hostis et Marte secundo with their weak hands, and in their haste used poles omnia corripuisse, metum iam ad moenia ferri. 900 of tough oak and fire-hardened stakes instead of ille furens (et saeua Iouis sic numina poscunt) steel, and were ablaze to die in the forefront deserit obsessos collis, nemora aspera linquit. defending the walls. Meanwhile in the forest, the uix e conspectu exierat campumque tenebat, bitterest of messages filled Turnus's thoughts: Acca cum pater Aeneas saltus ingressus apertos had brought the warrior her news of the mighty exsuperatque iugum siluaque euadit opaca. 905 rout: the Volscian ranks annihilated, Camilla killed, sic ambo ad muros rapidi totoque feruntur the enemy advancing fiercely, sweeping all before agmine nec longis inter se passibus absunt; them in the fortune of war, panic now reaching the ac simul Aeneas fumantis puluere campos city. Maddened he abandoned the ambush among prospexit longe Laurentiaque agmina uidit, the hills (so Jove's cruel will demanded) and left the et saeuum Aenean agnouit Turnus in armis 910 wild forest. He had scarcely passed from view, in aduentumque pedum flatusque audiuit equorum. reaching the plain, when Aeneas, the leader, continuoque ineant pugnas et proelia temptent, mounted the ridge, after entering the unguarded ni roseus fessos iam gurgite Phoebus Hibero gorge, and emerging from the dense woods. So tingat equos noctemque die labente reducat. they both marched quickly towards the walls, in considunt castris ante urbem et moenia uallant. full force, and with no great distance between them: and at that moment Aeneas saw the plain, far off, smoking with dust, and caught sight of the Laurentine army, and Turnus realised that fatal Aeneas was in arms, and heard the march of feet, and the sound of horses. They would have joined battle at once and attempted combat, but rosy Phoebus was already bathing his weary team in the Spanish deeps, and, day waning, brought back the night. They camped before the city, and strengthened their defences. BOOK XII
Lines 1-53 Turnus Demands Marriage Turnus ut infractos aduerso Marte Latinos When Turnus saw the Latins exhausted, and defecisse uidet, sua nunc promissa reposci, weakened by their military reverse, himself the se signari oculis, ultro implacabilis ardet subject of every gaze, his own promise to them yet attollitque animos. Poenorum qualis in aruis unfulfilled, he burned implacably, and unprompted, saucius ille graui uenantum uulnere pectus 5 and raised his courage. As a lion, in the African tum demum mouet arma leo, gaudetque comantis bush, severely hurt by huntsmen with a wound to excutiens ceruice toros fixumque latronis the chest, only then rouses himself to battle, tosses impauidus frangit telum et fremit ore cruento: his shaggy mane over his neck, in joy, and, haud secus accenso gliscit uiolentia Turno. unafraid, snaps off the spear some poacher has tum sic adfatur regem atque ita turbidus infit: 10 planted in him, roaring from blood-stained jaws: so 'nulla mora in Turno; nihil est quod dicta retractent the violence grew in Turnus's inflamed heart. Then ignaui Aeneadae, nec quae pepigere recusent: he spoke to the king, beginning turbulently like congredior. fer sacra, pater, et concipe foedus. this: 'There's no reluctance here, in Turnus: there's aut hac Dardanium dextra sub Tartara mittam no reason for Aeneas's coward crew to take back desertorem Asiae (sedeant spectentque Latini), 15 their words or renounce their pact: I go to meet et solus ferro crimen commune refellam, him. Carry out the holy rite, father, and draw up the aut habeat uictos, cedat Lauinia coniunx.' marriage contract. I'll either send this Trojan, this Olli sedato respondit corde Latinus: Asian deserter, to Tartarus, (let the Latins sit and 'o praestans animi iuuenis, quantum ipse feroci watch) and with my sword, alone, dispel the uirtute exsuperas, tanto me impensius aequum est nation's shame, or let him possess the defeated, let 20 Lavinia go then as his bride.' Latinus replied to him consulere atque omnis metuentem expendere casus. with calm in his heart: 'O youth of noble spirit, the sunt tibi regna patris Dauni, sunt oppida capta more you excel in fierce courage, the more it is multa manu, nec non aurumque animusque Latino right for me to take careful thought, and weigh est; every event with caution. You have your father sunt aliae innuptae Latio et Laurentibus aruis Daunus's kingdom, you have the many fortresses nec genus indecores. sine me haec haud mollia fatu you captured by force, and Latinus is not short of 25 gold and generosity: there are other unmarried sublatis aperire dolis, simul hoc animo hauri: girls, not ignoble in birth, in the fields of Latium me natam nulli ueterum sociare procorum and Laurentium. Allow me to say this, un-gently, fas erat, idque omnes diuique hominesque openly stripped of all guile, and take it to heart: it canebant. was forbidden for me to ally my daughter to any of uictus amore tui, cognato sanguine uictus her former suitors, and all gods and men decreed it. coniugis et maestae lacrimis, uincla omnia rupi; 30 Conquered by love for you, conquered by kinship, promissam eripui genero, arma impia sumpsi. and the tears of a sorrowful wife, I broke all ex illo qui me casus, quae, Turne, sequantur bounds: I snatched the betrothed girl from my son- bella, uides, quantos primus patiare labores. in-law to be, and drew the impious sword. You see, bis magna uicti pugna uix urbe tuemur Turnus, what events, what war dogs me, what a spes Italas; recalent nostro Thybrina fluenta 35 heavy burden you above all bear. Defeated in two sanguine adhuc campique ingentes ossibus albent. great battles we can hardly preserve the hopes of quo referor totiens? quae mentem insania mutat? Italy in our city: Tiber's streams are yet warm with si Turno exstincto socios sum ascire paratus, our blood, the vast plains whitened by our bones. cur non incolumi potius certamina tollo? Why did I waver so often? What madness changed quid consanguinei Rutuli, quid cetera dicet 40 my decision? If I'd be ready to accept the Trojans Italia, ad mortem si te (fors dicta refutet!) as allies with Turnus dead, why not rather end the prodiderim, natam et conubia nostra petentem? conflict while he's alive? What would your respice res bello uarias, miserere parentis Rutulian kin say, and the rest of Italy, if I betrayed longaeui, quem nunc maestum patria Ardea longe you to death (let chance deny those words!) while diuidit.' haudquaquam dictis uiolentia Turni 45 seeking my daughter in marriage? Consider the flectitur; exsuperat magis aegrescitque medendo. fortunes of war: pity your aged father, whom his ut primum fari potuit, sic institit ore: native Ardea keeps apart from us, sorrowing.' 'quam pro me curam geris, hanc precor, optime, pro Turnus's fury was unaffected by these words: it me mounted higher, inflamed by the treatment. As deponas letumque sinas pro laude pacisci. soon as he was able to speak, he began like this: et nos tela, pater, ferrumque haud debile dextra 50 'Most gracious one, that concern you feel for me, I spargimus, et nostro sequitur de uulnere sanguis. beg you, for me, set it aside, and allow me to barter longe illi dea mater erit, quae nube fugacem death for glory. I too can scatter spears and no lack feminea tegat et uanis sese occulat umbris.' of steel, from my hand, father, and blood flows from the wounds I make as well. His goddess mother will be far from him, she who covers his flight with mist, like a woman, and hides in empty shadows.' Lines 54-80 He Proposes Single Combat At regina noua pugnae conterrita sorte But the queen wept, terrified by the new terms of flebat et ardentem generum moritura tenebat: 55 conflict, and clung to her ardent son, as if she were 'Turne, per has ego te lacrimas, per si quis Amatae dying: 'Turnus, one thing I beg of you, by these tangit honos animum: spes tu nunc una, senectae tears, by any respect for Amata that touches your tu requies miserae, decus imperiumque Latini heart: you are my only hope, the peace of my sad te penes, in te omnis domus inclinata recumbit. old age, the honour and power of Latinus is in your unum oro: desiste manum committere Teucris. 60 hands, our whole tottering house rests on you: do qui te cumque manent isto certamine casus not engage in combat with the Trojans. Whatever et me, Turne, manent; simul haec inuisa relinquam danger awaits you in that battle awaits me too, lumina nec generum Aenean captiua uidebo.' Turnus: I would leave this hateful light with you accepit uocem lacrimis Lauinia matris and will never, as a prisoner, see Aeneas as my flagrantis perfusa genas, cui plurimus ignem 65 son-in-law.' Lavinia listened to her mother's words, subiecit rubor et calefacta per ora cucurrit. her burning cheeks wet with tears, while a deep Indum sanguineo ueluti uiolauerit ostro blush kindled their fire, and spread over her si quis ebur, aut mixta rubent ubi lilia multa glowing face. Her virgin looks showed such colour alba rosa, talis uirgo dabat ore colores. as when one stains Indian ivory with crimson dye, illum turbat amor figitque in uirgine uultus; 70 or as white lilies redden when mixed with many a ardet in arma magis paucisque adfatur Amatam: rose. Love stirred Turnus, and he fixed his gaze on 'ne, quaeso, ne me lacrimis neue omine tanto the girl: fired still more for battle, he spoke briefly prosequere in duri certamina Martis euntem, to Amata: 'O mother, I beg you not to send me off o mater; neque enim Turno mora libera mortis. with tears, or like ill omens, as I leave for the nuntius haec, Idmon, Phrygio mea dicta tyranno 75 battles of a bitter war: Turnus is not free to delay haud placitura refer. cum primum crastina caelo his hour of death. Idmon, as a messenger, carry my puniceis inuecta rotis Aurora rubebit, unwelcome words to the Trojan leader. When non Teucros agat in Rutulos, Teucrum arma tomorrow's Dawn, riding her crimson chariot, quiescant reddens in the sky, do not lead Trojans against et Rutuli; nostro dirimamus sanguine bellum, Rutulians, let Trojan and Rutulian weapons rest: let illo quaeratur coniunx Lauinia campo.' 80 us resolve this war with our own blood, on that field let Lavinia be sought as bride.' Lines 81-112 He Prepares For Battle Haec ubi dicta dedit rapidusque in tecta recessit, When he had spoken, and returned quickly to the poscit equos gaudetque tuens ante ora frementis, palace, he called for his horses, and delighted in Pilumno quos ipsa decus dedit Orithyia, seeing them, neighing before him, horses Orithyia qui candore niues anteirent, cursibus auras. herself gave Pilumnus, as a glory, surpassing the circumstant properi aurigae manibusque lacessunt snow in whiteness, and the wind for speed. Their 85 charioteers stood around eagerly patting their pectora plausa cauis et colla comantia pectunt. echoing chests, with the flat of their hands, and ipse dehinc auro squalentem alboque orichalco combing their flowing manes. Turnus drew a circumdat loricam umeris, simul aptat habendo breastplate, stiff with gold and pale bronze, over his ensemque clipeumque et rubrae cornua cristae, shoulders, fitted his sword and shield in position, ensem quem Dauno ignipotens deus ipse parenti 90 and the horns with their crimson crest: the god with fecerat et Stygia candentem tinxerat unda. the power of fire had wrought the sword for his exim quae mediis ingenti adnixa columnae father, Daunus, and dipped it, glowing, in the aedibus astabat, ualidam ui corripit hastam, waters of the Styx. Then Turnus gripped his strong Actoris Aurunci spolium, quassatque trementem spear firmly, that stood leaning on a great column uociferans: 'nunc, o numquam frustrata uocatus 95 in the middle of the hall, a spoil won from the hasta meos, nunc tempus adest: te maximus Actor, Auruncan, Actor, shook it till it quivered and te Turni nunc dextra gerit; da sternere corpus shouted: 'Now, o spear that never failed my call, loricamque manu ualida lacerare reuulsam now the time has come: Actor, the mightiest, semiuiri Phrygis et foedare in puluere crinis carried you, and now the right hand of Turnus: uibratos calido ferro murraque madentis.' 100 allow me to lay low the body of that Phrygian his agitur furiis, totoque ardentis ab ore eunuch, tear off and shatter his breastplate with my scintillae absistunt, oculis micat acribus ignis, powerful hand, and defile his hair with dust, that's mugitus ueluti cum prima in proelia taurus curled with a heated iron, and drowned in myrrh.' terrificos ciet aut irasci in cornua temptat He was driven by frenzy, glowing sparks shot from arboris obnixus trunco, uentosque lacessit 105 his whole aspect, fire flashed from his fierce eyes, ictibus aut sparsa ad pugnam proludit harena. like a bull, before a fight, that starts its formidable Nec minus interea maternis saeuus in armis bellowing and, trying its anger with its horns, Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat ira, charges a tree-trunk, lashes the air with its blows, oblato gaudens componi foedere bellum. and scatters the sand, as it practises for the battle. tum socios maestique metum solatur Iuli 110 Meanwhile Aeneas, no less fierce, armed with the fata docens, regique iubet responsa Latino weapons, his mother's gift, sharpened himself for certa referre uiros et pacis dicere leges. conflict, and roused his anger, happy the war might be settled by the means on offer. Then he comforted his friends, and Iulus's anxious fears, speaking of destiny, and ordered them to take a firm reply to King Latinus, and declare his conditions for peace. Lines 113-160 Juno Speaks to Juturna Postera uix summos spargebat lumine montis The next dawn had scarcely begun to sprinkle the orta dies, cum primum alto se gurgite tollunt mountain summits with its rays, at that time when Solis equi lucemque elatis naribus efflant: 115 the horses of the sun first rise from the deep ocean, campum ad certamen magnae sub moenibus urbis and breathe light from lifted nostrils: the Rutulians dimensi Rutulique uiri Teucrique parabant and Trojans had measured out the field of combat, in medioque focos et dis communibus aras under the massive walls of the city, and were gramineas. alii fontemque ignemque ferebant preparing hearths and turf altars for their mutual uelati limo et uerbena tempora uincti. 120 gods. Others wearing priest's aprons, their procedit legio Ausonidum, pilataque plenis foreheads wreathed with vervain, brought spring agmina se fundunt portis. hinc Troius omnis water and fiery embers. The Ausonian army Tyrrhenusque ruit uariis exercitus armis, marched out, and their ranks, armed with spears, haud secus instructi ferro quam si aspera Martis poured through the crowded gates. All the host of pugna uocet. nec non mediis in milibus ipsi 125 Trojans and Tuscans streamed out on the other side, ductores auro uolitant ostroque superbi, arrayed in their various armour, equipped with et genus Assaraci Mnestheus et fortis Asilas steel, as if the bitter conflict of war called out to et Messapus equum domitor, Neptunia proles; them. And the captains too, among their many utque dato signo spatia in sua quisque recessit, thousands, darted about, brilliant in gold and defigunt tellure hastas et scuta reclinant. 130 purple, Mnestheus of Assaracus's line, brave Asilas, tum studio effusae matres et uulgus inermum and Messapus, tamer of horses, son of Neptune. As inualidique senes turris ac tecta domorum soon as each had retired to their own ground, at the obsedere, alii portis sublimibus astant. given signal, they planted their spears in the earth, At Iuno ex summo (qui nunc Albanus habetur; and leant their shields on them. Then women, and tum neque nomen erat neque honos aut gloria weak old men, and the unarmed crowd, poured out monti) 135 eagerly, and gathered on towers and rooftops, or prospiciens tumulo campum aspectabat et ambas stood on the summit of the gates. But Juno, gazed Laurentum Troumque acies urbemque Latini. at the plain, looking from the top of a hill (called extemplo Turni sic est adfata sororem Alban now, then without name, honour or glory) at diua deam, stagnis quae fluminibusque sonoris the twin ranks of Laurentum and Troy, and praesidet (hunc illi rex aetheris altus honorem 140 Latinus's city. Immediately, goddess to goddess, Iuppiter erepta pro uirginitate sacrauit): she spoke to Turnus's sister, who ruled over lakes 'nympha, decus fluuiorum, animo gratissima nostro, and echoing rivers (Jupiter, the king of high scis ut te cunctis unam, quaecumque Latinae heaven, gave her that honour for stealing her magnanimi Iouis ingratum ascendere cubile, virginity): 'Nymph, glory of rivers, dearest of all to praetulerim caelique libens in parte locarim: 145 my heart, you know how I've preferred you alone disce tuum, ne me incuses, Iuturna, dolorem. of all the Latin girls who've mounted unwelcome to qua uisa est Fortuna pati Parcaeque sinebant the couch of great-hearted Jove, and I have freely cedere res Latio, Turnum et tua moenia texi; granted you a place in a part of the sky: lest you nunc iuuenem imparibus uideo concurrere fatis, blame me, Juturna, learn of impending grief. Parcarumque dies et uis inimica propinquat. 150 Whenever Fortune allowed, and the Fates permitted non pugnam aspicere hanc oculis, non foedera the Latin state to prosper, I protected Turnus and possum. your city. Now I see a warrior meeting with an tu pro germano si quid praesentius audes, unequal destiny, and a day of Fate and inimical perge; decet. forsan miseros meliora sequentur.' force draws near. I cannot look at this combat, they uix ea, cum lacrimas oculis Iuturna profundit agreed to, with my eyes. If you dare do anything terque quaterque manu pectus percussit honestum. more for your brother in person, go on: it's fitting. 155 Perhaps better things will follow for the wretched.' 'non lacrimis hoc tempus' ait Saturnia Iuno: She had scarcely spoken, when Juturna's eyes 'accelera et fratrem, si quis modus, eripe morti; flowed with tears, and her hand struck her lovely aut tu bella cie conceptumque excute foedus. breast three or four times. 'This is not the moment auctor ego audendi.' sic exhortata reliquit for tears,' said Saturnian Juno: 'Run, and, if there's a incertam et tristi turbatam uulnere mentis. 160 way, snatch your brother from death: or stir conflict and shatter the treaty they've made. I teach you daring.' Having urged her thus, she left her uncertain and troubled, sadly hurt at heart. Lines 161-215 Aeneas and Latinus Sacrifice Interea reges ingenti mole Latinus Meanwhile the kings drove out: Latinus in a four- quadriiugo uehitur curru (cui tempora circum horsed chariot of massive size (twelve golden rays aurati bis sex radii fulgentia cingunt, circling his shining brow, emblems of his ancestor, Solis aui specimen), bigis it Turnus in albis, the Sun), Turnus behind a snow-white team, bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro. 165 brandishing two spears with broad steel blades in hinc pater Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo, his hand. On the other side, Aeneas, the leader, sidereo flagrans clipeo et caelestibus armis ancestor of the Roman race, came from the camp, et iuxta Ascanius, magnae spes altera Romae, ablaze with starry shield and heavenly armour, procedunt castris, puraque in ueste sacerdos Ascanius with him, Rome's second great hope, saetigeri fetum suis intonsamque bidentem 170 while a priest in pure robes brought the offspring of attulit admouitque pecus flagrantibus aris. a bristly boar, and also an unshorn two-year sheep, illi ad surgentem conuersi lumina solem and tethered the animals next to the blazing altars. dant fruges manibus salsas et tempora ferro The heroes turned their gaze towards the rising sun, summa notant pecudum, paterisque altaria libant. sprinkled salt meal with their hands, marked the Tum pius Aeneas stricto sic ense precatur: 175 victims' foreheads with a knife, and poured 'esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi terra uocanti, libations from cups onto the altars. Then pious quam propter tantos potui perferre labores, Aeneas, with sword drawn, prayed like this: 'Sun, et pater omnipotens et tu Saturnia coniunx be my witness, and this country that I call on, for (iam melior, iam, diua, precor), tuque inclute which I have been able to endure such labours, and Mauors, the all- powerful Father, and you Juno, his wife, cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques; 180 (now goddess, now, be kinder, I pray) and you, fontisque fluuiosque uoco, quaeque aetheris alti glorious Mars, you, father, who control all warfare religio et quae caeruleo sunt numina ponto: with your will: I call on founts and rivers, on all the cesserit Ausonio si fors uictoria Turno, holiness of high heaven, and the powers in the blue conuenit Euandri uictos discedere ad urbem, ocean: if by chance Victory falls to Turnus of Italy, cedet Iulus agris, nec post arma ulla rebelles 185 it is agreed the defeated will withdraw to Evander's Aeneadae referent ferroue haec regna lacessent. city, Iulus will leave the land, and the people of sin nostrum adnuerit nobis uictoria Martem Aeneas will never bring renewed war in battle, or (ut potius reor et potius di numine firment), attack this realm with the sword. But if victory non ego nec Teucris Italos parere iubebo agrees that our contest is mine (as I think more nec mihi regna peto: paribus se legibus ambae 190 likely, and may the gods by their will prove it so), I inuictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant. will not command the Italians to submit to Trojans sacra deosque dabo; socer arma Latinus habeto, nor do I seek a kingdom for myself: let both imperium sollemne socer; mihi moenia Teucri nations, undefeated, put in place an eternal treaty. I constituent urbique dabit Lauinia nomen.' will permit your gods and their rites: Latinus my Sic prior Aeneas, sequitur sic deinde Latinus 195 father-in-law will keep his weapons, my father-in- suspiciens caelum, tenditque ad sidera dextram: law will keep his accustomed power: the Trojans 'haec eadem, Aenea, terram, mare, sidera, iuro will build walls for me, and Lavinia will give her Latonaeque genus duplex Ianumque bifrontem, name to a city. So Aeneas was first to speak, then uimque deum infernam et duri sacraria Ditis; Latinus followed him, thus, raising his eyes to audiat haec genitor qui foedera fulmine sancit. 200 heaven, and stretching his right hand to the sky: 'I tango aras, medios ignis et numina testor: also swear, Aeneas, by the same earth, sea, and sky, nulla dies pacem hanc Italis nec foedera rumpet, by Latona's twin offspring, and by two-faced Janus, quo res cumque cadent; nec me uis ulla uolentem by the power of the gods below, and the shrines of auertet, non, si tellurem effundat in undas cruel Dis: may the Father, who ratifies treaties with diluuio miscens caelumque in Tartara soluat, 205 his lightning, hear me. I touch the altar: I call as ut sceptrum hoc' (dextra sceptrum nam forte witness the gods, and the flames between us, no gerebat) day shall break this peace or truce on Italy's side, 'numquam fronde leui fundet uirgulta nec umbras, however things may fall out: nor will any power cum semel in siluis imo de stirpe recisum deflect my will, not if it plunges the earth, drowned matre caret posuitque comas et bracchia ferro, in flood, into the waves, and dissolves heaven in olim arbos, nunc artificis manus aere decoro 210 hell, just as this sceptre (since he chanced to hold inclusit patribusque dedit gestare Latinis.' the sceptre in his hand) hewn, once and for all, talibus inter se firmabant foedera dictis from the lowest stem in the woods, having lost its conspectu in medio procerum. tum rite sacratas parent trunk, and shedding its leaves and twigs to in flammam iugulant pecudes et uiscera uiuis the knife, will never, now the craftsman's hand has eripiunt, cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras. 215 sheathed it in fine bronze, and given it to the elders of Latium to carry, extend shoots or shade from light foliage.' They sealed the treaty between them with these words in full view of the leaders. Then with due rite they slaughtered the sacrificial beasts over the flames, tore out the entrails, while they were alive, and piled the alters with heaped dishes. Lines 216-265 The Rutulians Break The Treaty At uero Rutulis impar ea pugna uideri But the duel had for a long time seemed unfair to iamdudum et uario misceri pectora motu, the Rutulians, and their hearts were torn by varied tum magis ut propius cernunt non uiribus aequos. emotions, more so when they saw the combatants' adiuuat incessu tacito progressus et aram unequal strength near to. Turnus added to the suppliciter uenerans demisso lumine Turnus 220 unrest, in advancing with silent tread and pubentesque genae et iuuenali in corpore pallor. venerating the altar humbly, with downcast eyes, quem simul ac Iuturna soror crebrescere uidit and by his wasted cheeks and the pallor of his sermonem et uulgi uariare labantia corda, youthful body. As soon as his sister, Juturna, was in medias acies formam adsimulata Camerti, aware that talk was spreading and the minds of the cui genus a proauis ingens clarumque paternae 225 multitude were wavering in doubt, she entered the nomen erat uirtutis, et ipse acerrimus armis, heart of the army, in the guise of Camers, whose in medias dat sese acies haud nescia rerum birth was of noble ancestry, his father's name rumoresque serit uarios ac talia fatur: famous for virtue, and he himself of the bravest in 'non pudet, o Rutuli, pro cunctis talibus unam arms, she entered the heart of the army, not obiectare animam? numerone an uiribus aequi 230 ignorant of her task, sowing various rumours and non sumus? en, omnes et Troes et Arcades hi sunt, speaking as follows: 'O Rutulians, aren't you fatalisque manus, infensa Etruria Turno: ashamed to sacrifice one life on behalf of so many uix hostem, alterni si congrediamur, habemus. of you? Aren't we their equals in numbers and ille quidem ad superos, quorum se deuouet aris, might? See, all the Trojans and Arcadians are here, succedet fama uiuusque per ora feretur; 235 and the Etrurian band led by fate, and hostile to nos patria amissa dominis parere superbis Turnus: if every other man attacks, there's barely an cogemur, qui nunc lenti consedimus aruis.' opponent for each of them. Turnus will climb in Talibus incensa est iuuenum sententia dictis glory to the gods, at whose altars he has dedicated iam magis atque magis, serpitque per agmina his life, and live borne on men's lips: but we will be murmur: forced to submit to proud masters, our country lost, ipsi Laurentes mutati ipsique Latini. 240 we who now sit inactive in the field.' The will of qui sibi iam requiem pugnae rebusque salutem the young men was roused by these words, more sperabant, nunc arma uolunt foedusque precantur and more so, and a murmur spread through the infectum et Turni sortem miserantur iniquam. ranks: even the Laurentines and the Latins changed his aliud maius Iuturna adiungit et alto their minds. Those who had lately hoped for rest dat signum caelo, quo non praesentius ullum 245 from battle, and a safe existence, now longed for turbauit mentes Italas monstroque fefellit. weapons, prayed for the treaty to be broken, and namque uolans rubra fuluus Iouis ales in aethra pitied Turnus's unjust fate. Juturna added another litoreas agitabat auis turbamque sonantem greater spur, showing a sign in the depths of the agminis aligeri, subito cum lapsus ad undas sky, none more significant to disturb Italian minds, cycnum excellentem pedibus rapit improbus uncis. and charm them by the wonder of it. Jove's tawny 250 eagle, flying through reddened air, stirred the arrexere animos Itali, cunctaeque uolucres shore-birds, with noisy confusion in their winged conuertunt clamore fugam (mirabile uisu), ranks, when suddenly diving to the water he seized aetheraque obscurant pennis hostemque per auras the most outstanding swan cruelly in his curved facta nube premunt, donec ui uictus et ipso talons. The Italians paid attention, and (amazing to pondere defecit praedamque ex unguibus ales 255 see) all the birds wheeled, clamouring, in flight proiecit fluuio, penitusque in nubila fugit. and, in a cloud, drove their enemy through the air, Tum uero augurium Rutuli clamore salutant darkening the sky with their wings, until, defeated expediuntque manus, primusque Tolumnius augur by force and the weight, the bird gave way, and, 'hoc erat, hoc uotis' inquit 'quod saepe petiui. dropping the prey from his talons into the river, accipio agnoscoque deos; me, me duce ferrum 260 fled deep into the clouds. Then the Rutulians truly corripite, o miseri, quos improbus aduena bello hailed this omen with a shout and spread wide their territat inualidas ut auis, et litora uestra hands, and Tolumnius the augur was first to cry ui populat. petet ille fugam penitusque profundo out: 'This, this was what my prayers have often uela dabit. uos unanimi densete cateruas sought. I understand it, and recognise the gods: et regem uobis pugna defendite raptum.' 265 snatch up the sword with me, with me at your head, o unhappy race, fragile birds, whom a cruel foreigner terrifies with war, ravaging your coast with violence. He will take flight and sail far away over the deep. Close ranks, together, and defend the king who has been snatched from you, in battle. Lines 266-310 Renewed Fighting Dixit, et aduersos telum contorsit in hostis He spoke, and running forward hurled his spear at procurrens; sonitum dat stridula cornus et auras the enemy: the hissing cornel shaft sang, and cut certa secat. simul hoc, simul ingens clamor et unerringly through the air, At one with this, at one, omnes was a mighty shout the army all in uproar, and turbati cunei calefactaque corda tumultu. hearts hot with the turmoil. The spear flew on, to hasta uolans, ut forte nouem pulcherrima fratrum where, by chance, nine handsome brothers stood in 270 its path, all of whom one faithful Tuscan wife had corpora constiterant contra, quos fida crearat borne to Arcadian Gylippus, It struck one of them, una tot Arcadio coniunx Tyrrhena Gylippo, a youth of great beauty, in shining armour, at the horum unum ad medium, teritur qua sutilis aluo waist, where a stitched belt rubbed against his balteus et laterum iuncturas fibula mordet, stomach, and the buckle bit into the overlapping egregium forma iuuenem et fulgentibus armis, 275 ends, pierced his ribs, and hurled him to the yellow transadigit costas fuluaque effundit harena. sand. But his spirited band of brothers, fired by at fratres, animosa phalanx accensaque luctu, grief, drew their swords or snatched their iron pars gladios stringunt manibus, pars missile ferrum spears, and rushed forward blindly. The Laurentine corripiunt caecique ruunt. quos agmina contra ranks charged them: Trojans and Agyllines and procurrunt Laurentum, hinc densi rursus inundant Arcadians in decorated armour, poured in from the 280 other side: so all had one longing, to let the sword Troes Agyllinique et pictis Arcades armis: decide. They stripped the altars, there was a fierce sic omnis amor unus habet decernere ferro. storm of spears in the whole sky, and a steely rain diripuere aras, it toto turbida caelo fell: wine-bowls and hearthstones were carried off: tempestas telorum ac ferreus ingruit imber, Latinus himself fled, taking his defeated gods, the craterasque focosque ferunt. fugit ipse Latinus 285 treaty void. Others harnessed their chariots or leapt pulsatos referens infecto foedere diuos. on their horses, and waited with drawn swords. infrenant alii currus aut corpora saltu Messapus, keen to destroy the truce, charging on subiciunt in equos et strictis ensibus adsunt. his horse, scared off Auletes, an Etruscan king with Messapus regem regisque insigne gerentem a king's emblems: the unfortunate man, as he Tyrrhenum Aulesten, auidus confundere foedus, backed away, entangled, fell, head and shoulders, 290 on to the altar behind him: and Messapus flew at aduerso proterret equo; ruit ille recedens him furiously, spear in hand, and from his horse's et miser oppositis a tergo inuoluitur aris height struck mightily at him with the massive in caput inque umeros. at feruidus aduolat hasta weapon, as Auletes begged piteously, and spoke Messapus teloque orantem multa trabali like this, over him: 'He's done for: this nobler desuper altus equo grauiter ferit atque ita fatur: 295 victim is given to the great gods.' The Italians 'hoc habet, haec melior magnis data uictima diuis.' crowded round and stripped the warm body. concurrunt Itali spoliantque calentia membra. Against them, Corynaeus snatched a charred brand obuius ambustum torrem Corynaeus ab ara from an altar, and aiming a blow at the charging corripit et uenienti Ebyso plagamque ferenti Ebyso dashed flames in his face: his great beard occupat os flammis: olli ingens barba reluxit 300 flared and gave off a smell of burning. Corynaeus nidoremque ambusta dedit. super ipse secutus following through his blow, clutched the hair of his caesariem laeua turbati corripit hostis stunned enemy in his left hand and brought him to impressoque genu nitens terrae applicat ipsum; earth with a thrust of his bent knee: then stabbed sic rigido latus ense ferit. Podalirius Alsum him in the side with his straight sword. Podalirius, pastorem primaque acie per tela ruentem 305 towered over the shepherd Alsus, pursuing him ense sequens nudo superimminet; ille securi with naked steel as he ran through the shower of aduersi frontem mediam mentumque reducta spears in the front rank: but Alsus swung his axe dissicit et sparso late rigat arma cruore. back, and sliced through the front of his enemy's olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget brow and chin, drenching his armour with widely somnus, in aeternam conduntur lumina noctem. 310 spouting blood. Harsh repose and iron slumber pressed on his eyes and their light was sunk in everlasting night. Lines 311-382 Aeneas Wounded: Turnus Rampant At pius Aeneas dextram tendebat inermem But virtuous Aeneas his head bared, unarmed, nudato capite atque suos clamore uocabat: stretched out his right hand, and called loudly to his 'quo ruitis? quaeue ista repens discordia surgit? troops: 'Where are you running to? Why this o cohibete iras! ictum iam foedus et omnes sudden tide of discord? O, control your anger! The compositae leges. mihi ius concurrere soli; 315 agreement has already been struck, and its terms me sinite atque auferte metus. ego foedera faxo fixed. I alone have the right to fight: Let me do so: firma manu; Turnum debent haec iam mihi sacra.' banish your fears. I'll prove the treaty sound with has inter uoces, media inter talia uerba this right hand: these rites mean Turnus is already ecce uiro stridens alis adlapsa sagitta est, mine.' Amidst these cries and words, see, a hissing incertum qua pulsa manu, quo turbine adacta, 320 arrow winged its way towards him, launched by quis tantam Rutulis laudem, casusne deusne, what hand, sent whirling by whom, was unknown, attulerit; pressa est insignis gloria facti, as was the chance or god that brought the Rutulians nec sese Aeneae iactauit uulnere quisquam. such honour: the glorious pride in it was kept Turnus ut Aenean cedentem ex agmine uidit concealed, and no one boasted of wounding turbatosque duces, subita spe feruidus ardet; 325 Aeneas. As soon as Turnus saw Aeneas leave the poscit equos atque arma simul, saltuque superbus ranks, his captains in confusion, he blazed with the emicat in currum et manibus molitur habenas. fervour of sudden hope: he called for weapons and multa uirum uolitans dat fortia corpora leto. horses as one, leapt proudly into his chariot, and seminecis uoluit multos: aut agmina curru gripped the reins in his hands. He gave many a proterit aut raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas. 330 brave man death in his swift passage. Many he qualis apud gelidi cum flumina concitus Hebri overturned half-alive, crushed the ranks under his sanguineus Mauors clipeo increpat atque furentis chariot, or seizing his spears showered them on bella mouens immittit equos, illi aequore aperto those fleeing. Just as when blood-drenched Mars is ante Notos Zephyrumque uolant, gemit ultima roused, and clashes his shield, by the icy streams of pulsu Hebrus and, inciting war, gives rein to his frenzied Thraca pedum circumque atrae Formidinis ora 335 horses, so that they fly over the open plain Iraeque Insidiaeque, dei comitatus, aguntur: outrunning the south and west winds, and farthest talis equos alacer media inter proelia Turnus Thrace groans to the beat of their hooves, while fumantis sudore quatit, miserabile caesis around him the forms of black Terror, Anger and hostibus insultans; spargit rapida ungula rores Treachery, speed, the companions of the god: with sanguineos mixtaque cruor calcatur harena. 340 the same swiftness Turnus lashed his horses, iamque neci Sthenelumque dedit Thamyrumque smoking with sweat, through the midst of the Pholumque, conflict, trampling on enemies piteously slain, hunc congressus et hunc, illum eminus; eminus while the galloping hooves splashed bloody dew, ambo and trampled the gore mixed with sand. Next he Imbrasidas, Glaucum atque Laden, quos Imbrasus gave Sthenelus to death, Thamyrus, and Pholus, the ipse latter close to, the former at a distance, from a nutrierat Lycia paribusque ornauerat armis distance too both sons of Imbrasas, Glaucus and uel conferre manum uel equo praeuertere uentos. Laudes, whom Imbrasus himself had raised in 345 Lycia, and equipped with matching armour, to fight Parte alia media Eumedes in proelia fertur, hand to hand, or outstrip the wind on horseback. antiqui proles bello praeclara Dolonis, Elsewhere Eumedes rode through the midst of the nomine auum referens, animo manibusque battle, famous in warfare, the son of aged Dolon, parentem, recalling the grandfather in name, his father in qui quondam, castra ut Danaum speculator adiret, courage and skill, he who, in going as a spy that ausus Pelidae pretium sibi poscere currus; 350 time to the Greek camp, dared to ask for Achilles's illum Tydides alio pro talibus ausis chariot as his reward: but Diomedes paid him a adfecit pretio nec equis aspirat Achilli. different reward for his daring and he no longer hunc procul ut campo Turnus prospexit aperto, aspired to Achilles's team. When Turnus saw ante leui iaculo longum per inane secutus Eumedes, far over the open plain, he first sent a sistit equos biiugis et curru desilit atque 355 light javelin after him across the long space semianimi lapsoque superuenit, et pede collo between, then halted his paired horses, leapt from impresso dextrae mucronem extorquet et alto his chariot, onto the half- dead, fallen man, and, fulgentem tingit iugulo atque haec insuper addit: planting his foot on his neck, tore the sword from 'en agros et, quam bello, Troiane, petisti, his hand, and bloodied the bright blade deep in his Hesperiam metire iacens: haec praemia, qui me 360 throat, adding these words as well: 'See the fields, ferro ausi temptare, ferunt, sic moenia condunt.' that Western Land, you sought in war: lie there and huic comitem Asbyten coniecta cuspide mittit measure it: this is the prize for those who dare to Chloreaque Sybarimque Daretaque cross swords with me, thus they build their walls.' Thersilochumque Then with a cast of his spear he sent Asbytes to et sternacis equi lapsum ceruice Thymoeten. keep him company, Chloreus and Sybaris, Dares ac uelut Edoni Boreae cum spiritus alto 365 and Thersilochus, and Thymoetes who was flung insonat Aegaeo sequiturque ad litora fluctus, from the neck of his rearing horse. As when the qua uenti incubuere, fugam dant nubila caelo: blast of the Edonian northerly sounds over the sic Turno, quacumque uiam secat, agmina cedunt Aegean deep, and drives the breakers to shore, conuersaeque ruunt acies; fert impetus ipsum while brooding gusts in the sky put the clouds to et cristam aduerso curru quatit aura uolantem. 370 flight, so, wherever Turnus cut a path, the lines non tulit instantem Phegeus animisque frementem gave way, and the ranks turned and ran: his own obiecit sese ad currum et spumantia frenis speed carried him on, and, as the chariot met it, the ora citatorum dextra detorsit equorum. wind tossed his flowing plume. Phegeus could not dum trahitur pendetque iugis, hunc lata retectum endure his attack or his spirited war-cry: he threw lancea consequitur rumpitque infixa bilicem 375 himself at the chariot and with his right hand loricam et summum degustat uulnere corpus. wrenched the heads of the swift horses aside, as ille tamen clipeo obiecto conuersus in hostem they foamed at the bit. While he was dragged ibat et auxilium ducto mucrone petebat, along, hanging from the yoke, Turnus's broad- cum rota praecipitem et procursu concitus axis headed lance reached for his exposed flank, tore impulit effunditque solo, Turnusque secutus 380 open the double- stranded mail where it entered, imam inter galeam summi thoracis et oras and grazed the surface of the flesh in a wound. abstulit ense caput truncumque reliquit harenae. Phegeus still turned towards his enemy, his shield raised, and was trying to protect himself with his drawn sword, when the wheel and the onrush of the spinning axle sent him headlong, throwing him to the ground, and Turnus, following through, struck off his head with a sweep of his blade between the rim of the helmet and the chain-mail's upper edge, and left the body lying on the sand. Lines 383-467 Venus Heals Aeneas Atque ea dum campis uictor dat funera Turnus, While Turnus was victoriously dealing death over interea Aenean Mnestheus et fidus Achates the plain, Mnestheus and loyal Achates, with Ascaniusque comes castris statuere cruentum 385 Ascanius by their side, set Aeneas down inside the alternos longa nitentem cuspide gressus. camp, bleeding, supporting alternate steps with his saeuit et infracta luctatur harundine telum long spear. he struggled furiously to pull out the eripere auxilioque uiam, quae proxima, poscit: head of the broken shaft, and called for the quickest ense secent lato uulnus telique latebram means of assistance: to cut open the wound with a rescindant penitus, seseque in bella remittant. 390 broadsword, lay open the arrow-tip's buried depths, iamque aderat Phoebo ante alios dilectus Iapyx and send him back to war. Now Iapyx, Iasus's son, Iasides, acri quondam cui captus amore approached, dearest of all to Apollo, to whom the ipse suas artis, sua munera, laetus Apollo god himself, struck by deep love, long ago offered augurium citharamque dabat celerisque sagittas. with delight his own arts, his own gifts, his powers ille, ut depositi proferret fata parentis, 395 of prophecy, his lyre, and swift arrows. But Iapyx, scire potestates herbarum usumque medendi in order to delay the fate of his dying father, chose maluit et mutas agitare inglorius artis. knowledge of the virtues of herbs, and the use of stabat acerba fremens ingentem nixus in hastam medicine, and, without fame, to practise the silent Aeneas magno iuuenum et maerentis Iuli arts. Aeneas stood leaning on his great spear, concursu, lacrimis immobilis. ille retorto 400 complaining bitterly, amongst a vast crowd of Paeonium in morem senior succinctus amictu soldiers, with Iulus sorrowing, himself unmoved by multa manu medica Phoebique potentibus herbis the tears. The aged Iapyx, his robe rolled back in nequiquam trepidat, nequiquam spicula dextra Paeonian fashion, tried hard in vain with healing sollicitat prensatque tenaci forcipe ferrum. fingers and Apollo's powerful herbs: he worked at nulla uiam Fortuna regit, nihil auctor Apollo 405 the arrow uselessly with his hand, and tugged at the subuenit, et saeuus campis magis ac magis horror metal with tightened pincers. No luck guided his crebrescit propiusque malum est. iam puluere course, nor did Apollo his patron help, while cruel caelum terror grew greater and greater over the plain, and stare uident: subeunt equites et spicula castris evil drew near. Now they saw the sky standing on densa cadunt mediis. it tristis ad aethera clamor columns of dust: the horsemen neared and arrows bellantum iuuenum et duro sub Marte cadentum. fell thickly in the midst of the camp. A dismal cry 410 rose to heaven of men fighting and falling under Hic Venus indigno nati concussa dolore Mars's harsh hand. At this Aeneas's mother, Venus, dictamnum genetrix Cretaea carpit ab Ida, shaken by her son's cruel pain, culled a dittany puberibus caulem foliis et flore comantem plant from Cretan Ida, with downy leaves and purpureo; non illa feris incognita capris purple flowers: a herb not unknown to the wild gramina, cum tergo uolucres haesere sagittae. 415 goats when winged arrows have fixed themselves hoc Venus obscuro faciem circumdata nimbo in their sides. This Venus brought, her face veiled detulit, hoc fusum labris splendentibus amnem in dark mist, this, with its hidden curative powers, inficit occulte medicans, spargitque salubris she steeped in river water, poured into a glittering ambrosiae sucos et odoriferam panaceam. basin, and sprinkled there healing ambrosial juice fouit ea uulnus lympha longaeuus Iapyx 420 and fragrant panacea. Aged Iapyx bathed the ignorans, subitoque omnis de corpore fugit wound with this liquid, not knowing its effect, and quippe dolor, omnis stetit imo uulnere sanguis. indeed all pain fled from Aeneas's body, all the iamque secuta manum nullo cogente sagitta flow of blood ceased deep in the wound. Now, excidit, atque nouae rediere in pristina uires. without force, the arrowhead slipped from the 'arma citi properate uiro! quid statis?' Iapyx 425 wound, following the motion of his hand, and fresh conclamat primusque animos accendit in hostem. strength returned to Aeneas, such as before. Iapyx 'non haec humanis opibus, non arte magistra cried: 'Quickly, bring our hero weapons. Why are proueniunt, neque te, Aenea, mea dextera seruat: you standing there?' and was first to excite their maior agit deus atque opera ad maiora remittit.' courage against the enemy. 'Aeneas, this cure does ille auidus pugnae suras incluserat auro 430 not come by human aid, nor guiding art, it is not hinc atque hinc oditque moras hastamque coruscat. my hand that saved you: a god, a greater one, postquam habilis lateri clipeus loricaque tergo est, worked this, and sends you out again to glorious Ascanium fusis circum complectitur armis deeds.' Aeneas, eager for battle, had sheathed his summaque per galeam delibans oscula fatur: legs in gold, left and right, and scornful of delay, 'disce, puer, uirtutem ex me uerumque laborem, brandished his spear. As soon as his shield was 435 fixed at his side, the chain mail to his back, he fortunam ex aliis. nunc te mea dextera bello clasped Ascanius in his armed embrace, and, defensum dabit et magna inter praemia ducet. kissing his lips lightly through the helmet, said: 'My tu facito, mox cum matura adoleuerit aetas, son, learn courage from me and true labour: good sis memor et te animo repetentem exempla tuorum fortune from others. Now my hand will protect you et pater Aeneas et auunculus excitet Hector.' 440 in war, and lead you to great rewards. Make sure Haec ubi dicta dedit, portis sese extulit ingens later, when your years have reached maturity, that telum immane manu quatiens; simul agmine denso you remember: let your father Aeneas, and your Antheusque Mnestheusque ruunt, omnisque relictis uncle Hector inspire your soul, by recalling their turba fluit castris. tum caeco puluere campus example.' When he spoken these words, he rushed miscetur pulsuque pedum tremit excita tellus. 445 out through the gate, in all his strength, brandishing uidit ab aduerso uenientis aggere Turnus, a great spear in his hand: Antheus and Mnestheus uidere Ausonii, gelidusque per ima cucurrit with him, and their massed ranks, and all the army ossa tremor; prima ante omnis Iuturna Latinos streamed from the camp. Then the plain was a audiit agnouitque sonum et tremefacta refugit. chaos of blinding dust, and the quaking earth shook ille uolat campoque atrum rapit agmen aperto. 450 under the tramp of feet. Turnus saw them advance, qualis ubi ad terras abrupto sidere nimbus from the rampart opposite: the Ausonians saw, and it mare per medium (miseris, heu, praescia longe a cold tremor ran to the marrow of their bones: horrescunt corda agricolis: dabit ille ruinas Juturna was the first of all the Latins to hear and arboribus stragemque satis, ruet omnia late), recognise the sound, and she fled in fear. Aeneas ante uolant sonitumque ferunt ad litora uenti: 455 flew ahead, racing his dark ranks over the open talis in aduersos ductor Rhoeteius hostis plain, As when the weather breaks and a storm agmen agit, densi cuneis se quisque coactis cloud moves towards land, over the deep ocean (ah, adglomerant. ferit ense grauem Thymbraeus the hearts of wretched farmers know if from far off, Osirim, and shudder: it brings ruin to trees, and havoc to Arcetium Mnestheus, Epulonem obtruncat Achates harvests, everything far and wide is destroyed), the Vfentemque Gyas; cadit ipse Tolumnius augur, 460 gales run before it and carry their roar to the shore: primus in aduersos telum qui torserat hostis. so the Trojan leader drove his ranks against the foe, tollitur in caelum clamor, uersique uicissim thickly they all gathered to him in dense columns. puluerulenta fuga Rutuli dant terga per agros. Thymbreus struck mighty Osiris with his sword, ipse neque auersos dignatur sternere morti Mnestheus killed Arcetius: Achates killed Epulo, nec pede congressos aequo nec tela ferentis 465 Gyas killed Ufens: even Tolumnius the augur fell, insequitur: solum densa in caligine Turnum first to hurl his spear straight at the enemy. A shout uestigat lustrans, solum in certamina poscit. rose to heaven, and in turn the routed Rutulians turned their backs in a cloud of dust, fleeing over the field. Aeneas himself did not deign to send the fugitives to their death, nor did he attack the foot- soldiers, cavalry or those hurling missiles: he tracked only Turnus, searching through the dense gloom, Turnus alone he summoned to combat. Lines 468-499 Juturna Foils Aeneas Hoc concussa metu mentem Iuturna uirago Juturna, the warrior maiden, her mind stricken with aurigam Turni media inter lora Metiscum fear, knocked Turnus's charioteer, Metiscus, from excutit et longe lapsum temone reliquit; 470 the reins, at this, so that he slipped from the beam, ipsa subit manibusque undantis flectit habenas and left him far behind: she herself took his place, cuncta gerens, uocemque et corpus et arma Metisci. and guided the flowing reins with her hands, nigra uelut magnas domini cum diuitis aedes assuming Meniscus's voice, form, weapons, all. As peruolat et pennis alta atria lustrat hirundo when a dark swallow flies through the great house pabula parua legens nidisque loquacibus escas, 475 of some rich lord, winging her way through lofty et nunc porticibus uacuis, nunc umida circum halls gathering tiny crumbs and scraps of food for stagna sonat: similis medios Iuturna per hostis her noisy young, now twittering in the empty fertur equis rapidoque uolans obit omnia curru, courtyards, now by the damp ponds: so Juturna was iamque hic germanum iamque hic ostentat ouantem drawn by the horses through the enemy centre and, nec conferre manum patitur, uolat auia longe. 480 flying in her swift chariot, criss-crossed the whole haud minus Aeneas tortos legit obuius orbis, plain, now here, now there, she gives evidence of uestigatque uirum et disiecta per agmina magna her triumphant brother, not allowing him close uoce uocat. quotiens oculos coniecit in hostem combat, flying far away. Nevertheless Aeneas alipedumque fugam cursu temptauit equorum, traversed her winding course to meet him, tracking auersos totiens currus Iuturna retorsit. 485 him, calling him loudly among the ranks. As often heu, quid agat? uario nequiquam fluctuat aestu, as he set eyes on his enemy, and tried to match the diuersaeque uocant animum in contraria curae. flight of the swift horses in his course, as often huic Messapus, uti laeua duo forte gerebat Juturna turned and wheeled the chariot. Ah, what to lenta, leuis cursu, praefixa hastilia ferro, do? Vainly he fluctuated on the shifting tide, and horum unum certo contorquens derigit ictu. 490 diverse concerns called his thoughts away. substitit Aeneas et se collegit in arma Messapus, who happened to be carrying two strong poplite subsidens; apicem tamen incita summum spears tipped with steel, advanced lightly towards hasta tulit summasque excussit uertice cristas. him, levelled one, and hurled it with unerring aim. tum uero adsurgunt irae, insidiisque subactus, Aeneas stopped, and gathered himself behind his diuersos ubi sensit equos currumque referri, 495 shield sinking on one knee: the swift spear still took multa Iouem et laesi testatus foederis aras off the tip of his helmet, and knocked the plumes iam tandem inuadit medios et Marte secundo from the crest. Then his anger truly surged, and terribilis saeuam nullo discrimine caedem incited by all this treachery, seeing his enemy's suscitat, irarumque omnis effundit habenas. chariot and horses driven far off, calling loudly on Jove, and the altars of the broken treaty, as witness, he plunged at last into the fray, and, aided by Mars, he awoke dreadful, savage, indiscriminate slaughter, and gave full rein to his wrath. Lines 500-553 Aeneas And Turnus Amongst The Slaughter Quis mihi nunc tot acerba deus, quis carmine What god can now relate for me such bitter things caedes 500 as these, who can tell of such varied slaughter, the diuersas obitumque ducum, quos aequore toto deaths of generals, whom Turnus now, and now the inque uicem nunc Turnus agit, nunc Troius heros, Trojan hero, drove in turn over the field? Jupiter expediat? tanton placuit concurrere motu, was it your will that races who would live together Iuppiter, aeterna gentis in pace futuras? in everlasting peace should meet in so great a Aeneas Rutulum Sucronem (ea prima ruentis 505 conflict? Aeneas meeting Rutulian Sucro (in the pugna loco statuit Teucros) haud multa morantem first battle that brought the Trojan attack to a halt) excipit in latus et, qua fata celerrima, crudum quickly struck him in the side, and drove the cruel transadigit costas et cratis pectoris ensem. steel through the ribs that protect the heart, where Turnus equo deiectum Amycum fratremque death come fastest. Turnus threw Amycus from his Dioren, horse, and Diores his brother, attacking them on congressus pedes, hunc uenientem cuspide longa, foot, striking one with the long lance as he 510 advanced, the other with his sword, then hanging hunc mucrone ferit, curruque abscisa duorum both their severed heads from his chariot carried suspendit capita et rorantia sanguine portat. them away dripping with blood. Aeneas sent Talos ille Talon Tanaimque neci fortemque Cethegum, and Tanais and brave Cethegus to death, three in tris uno congressu, et maestum mittit Oniten, one attack, and sad Onites of Theban name, whose nomen Echionium matrisque genus Peridiae; 515 mother was Peridia: Turnus killed the brothers sent hic fratres Lycia missos et Apollinis agris from Lycia, Apollo's fields, and Menoetes of et iuuenem exosum nequiquam bella Menoeten, Arcadia, who had hated war, but in vain: his Arcada, piscosae cui circum flumina Lernae humble home and his living were round Lerna's ars fuerat pauperque domus nec nota potentum fish- filled streams, never knowing the patronage of munera, conductaque pater tellure serebat. 520 the great, and his father farmed rented land. Like ac uelut immissi diuersis partibus ignes fires set burning from opposite sides of a dry forest arentem in siluam et uirgulta sonantia lauro, into the thickets of crackling laurel, or foaming aut ubi decursu rapido de montibus altis rivers falling swiftly from the mountain heights, dant sonitum spumosi amnes et in aequora currunt roaring and racing seawards, each leaving its path quisque suum populatus iter: non segnius ambo 525 of destruction, so Aeneas and Turnus with no less Aeneas Turnusque ruunt per proelia; nunc, nunc fury swept through the battle: now anger surged fluctuat ira intus, rumpuntur nescia uinci within: now their hearts which knew no defeat were pectora, nunc totis in uulnera uiribus itur. bursting: now with all their strength they set out to Murranum hic, atauos et auorum antiqua sonantem do harm. As he boasted of his fathers, and the nomina per regesque actum genus omne Latinos, antiquity of his ancestors' names, and all his race 530 traced back through Latin kings, Aeneas sent praecipitem scopulo atque ingentis turbine saxi Murranus headlong with a stone, a great whirling excutit effunditque solo; hunc lora et iuga subter rock, and hurled him to the ground: beneath the prouoluere rotae, crebro super ungula pulsu reins and yoke, the wheels churned him round, and incita nec domini memorum proculcat equorum. the horses' hooves, forgetful of their master, ille ruenti Hyllo animisque immane frementi 535 trampled him under with many a blow. Turnus met occurrit telumque aurata ad tempora torquet: Hyllus as he charged, roaring with boundless pride, olli per galeam fixo stetit hasta cerebro. and hurled a spear at his gilded forehead: piercing dextera nec tua te, Graium fortissime Cretheu, the helmet the weapon lodged in his brain. eripuit Turno, nec di texere Cupencum Cretheus, bravest of Greeks, your right hand did Aenea ueniente sui: dedit obuia ferro 540 not save you from Turnus, nor did the gods hide pectora, nec misero clipei mora profuit aerei. Cupencus when Aeneas came: he set his chest te quoque Laurentes uiderunt, Aeole, campi against the weapon's track, and the bronze shield's oppetere et late terram consternere tergo. resistance profited the wretch nothing. The occidis, Argiuae quem non potuere phalanges Laurentine field saw you fall also, Aeolus, on your sternere nec Priami regnorum euersor Achilles; 545 back, sprawled wide on the ground. You fell, whom hic tibi mortis erant metae, domus alta sub Ida, the Greek battalions could not lay low, nor Achilles Lyrnesi domus alta, solo Laurente sepulcrum. who overturned Priam's kingdom: here was the totae adeo conuersae acies omnesque Latini, boundary of death for you: your noble house was omnes Dardanidae, Mnestheus acerque Serestus below Mount Ida, that noble house at Lyrnesus, et Messapus equum domitor et fortis Asilas 550 your grave in Laurentine soil. All the lines turned Tuscorumque phalanx Euandrique Arcades alae, towards battle, the whole of the Latins, the whole pro se quisque uiri summa nituntur opum ui; of the Trojans, Mnestheus and fierce Serestus, nec mora nec requies, uasto certamine tendunt. Messapus, tamer of horses, and brave Asilas, the Tuscan phalanx, Evander's Arcadian squadron, each for himself, men straining with all their strength: no respite and no rest: exerting themselves in one vast conflict. Lines 554-592 Aeneas Attacks The City Hic mentem Aeneae genetrix pulcherrima misit Now his loveliest of mothers set in his mind the iret ut ad muros urbique aduerteret agmen 555 idea of moving against the walls, and turning his ocius et subita turbaret clade Latinos. army on the city, swiftly, to confound the Latins ille ut uestigans diuersa per agmina Turnum with sudden ruin. While he tracked Turnus here and huc atque huc acies circumtulit, aspicit urbem there through the ranks and swept his glance this immunem tanti belli atque impune quietam. way and that, he could see the city, free of fierce continuo pugnae accendit maioris imago: 560 warfare and peacefully unharmed. Suddenly an Mnesthea Sergestumque uocat fortemque Serestum image of a more ambitious act of war inflamed ductores, tumulumque capit quo cetera Teucrum him: he called the generals Mnestheus, Sergestus concurrit legio, nec scuta aut spicula densi and brave Serestus, and positioned himself on a deponunt. celso medius stans aggere fatur: hillock, where the rest of the Trojan army gathered 'ne qua meis esto dictis mora, Iuppiter hac stat, 565 round in a mass, without dropping their shields or neu quis ob inceptum subitum mihi segnior ito. spears. Standing amongst them on the high mound urbem hodie, causam belli, regna ipsa Latini, he cried: 'Let nothing impede my orders, Jupiter is ni frenum accipere et uicti parere fatentur, with us, and let no one be slower to advance eruam et aequa solo fumantia culmina ponam. because this attempt is so sudden. Today I will scilicet exspectem libeat dum proelia Turno 570 overthrow that city, a cause of war, Latinus's nostra pati rursusque uelit concurrere uictus? capital itself, and lay its smoking roofs level with hoc caput, o ciues, haec belli summa nefandi. the ground, unless they agree to accept our rule, ferte faces propere foedusque reposcite flammis.' and submit, in defeat. Do you think I can wait until dixerat, atque animis pariter certantibus omnes Turnus can face battle with me, and chooses to dant cuneum densaque ad muros mole feruntur; 575 meet with me again, though defeated before? O scalae improuiso subitusque apparuit ignis. citizens, this man is the fountainhead and source of discurrunt alii ad portas primosque trucidant, this wicked war. Quickly, bring burning brands, ferrum alii torquent et obumbrant aethera telis. and re-establish the treaty, with fire.' He spoke, and ipse inter primos dextram sub moenia tendit all his troops adopted wedge-formation, hearts Aeneas, magnaque incusat uoce Latinum 580 equal in emulation, and advanced in a dense mass testaturque deos iterum se ad proelia cogi, towards the walls: in a flash, scaling ladders and bis iam Italos hostis, haec altera foedera rumpi. sudden flames appeared. Some ran to the gates and exoritur trepidos inter discordia ciuis: cut down the leading defenders, others hurled steel, urbem alii reserare iubent et pandere portas and darkened the sky with missiles. Aeneas Dardanidis ipsumque trahunt in moenia regem; 585 himself, among the leaders, raised his hand, at the arma ferunt alii et pergunt defendere muros, foot of the wall, accused Latinus in a loud voice, inclusas ut cum latebroso in pumice pastor and called the gods to witness that he was being uestigauit apes fumoque impleuit amaro; forced into battle again, that the Italians were illae intus trepidae rerum per cerea castra doubly enemies, another treaty was broken. discurrunt magnisque acuunt stridoribus iras; 590 Dissension rose among the fearful citizens: some uoluitur ater odor tectis, tum murmure caeco commanded the city be opened, and the gates be intus saxa sonant, uacuas it fumus ad auras. thrown wide to the Trojans, and they dragged the king himself to the ramparts: others brought weapons and hurried to defend the walls, as when a shepherd, who's tracked a swarm to its lair concealed in the rock, fills it with acrid smoke: the bees inside, anxious for safety, rush round their wax fortress, and sharpen their anger in loud buzzing: the reeking darkness rolls through their hive, the rocks echo within to a blind humming, and fumes reach the clear air. Lines 593-613 Queen Amata's Suicide Accidit haec fessis etiam fortuna Latinis, Now further misfortune befell the weary Latins, quae totam luctu concussit funditus urbem. and shook the whole city to its foundations with regina ut tectis uenientem prospicit hostem, 595 grief. When Queen Amata, from the palace, saw the incessi muros, ignis ad tecta uolare, enemy approaching, the walls assaulted, flames nusquam acies contra Rutulas, nulla agmina Turni, mounting to the roofs, but no opposing Rutulian infelix pugnae iuuenem in certamine credit lines, nor Turnus's army, the unhappy queen exstinctum et subito mentem turbata dolore thought Turnus had been killed in combat, and, her se causam clamat crimenque caputque malorum, mind distraught, in sudden anguish, she cried out 600 that she was the cause, the guilty one, the source of multaque per maestum demens effata furorem evil, and uttering many wild words in the frenzy of purpureos moritura manu discindit amictus grief, wanting to die, she tore her purple robes, and et nodum informis leti trabe nectit ab alta. fastened a hideous noose of death to a high beam. quam cladem miserae postquam accepere Latinae, As soon as the wretched Latin women knew of the filia prima manu flauos Lauinia crinis 605 disaster, first her daughter Lavinia fell into a et roseas laniata genas, tum cetera circum frenzy, tearing at her golden tresses and rosy turba furit, resonant late plangoribus aedes. cheeks with her hands, then all the crowd around hinc totam infelix uulgatur fama per urbem: her: the wide halls echoed to their lamentations. demittunt mentes, it scissa ueste Latinus From there the unhappy rumour spread throughout coniugis attonitus fatis urbisque ruina, 610 the city: Spirits sank: Latinus went about with rent canitiem immundo perfusam puluere turpans. clothing, stunned by his wife's fate and his city's ruin, fouling his white hair with clouds of vile dust, reproaching himself again and again for not having freely received Trojan Aeneas, and adopted him as his son-in-law. Lines 614-696 Turnus Hears Of Amata's Death Interea extremo bellator in aequore Turnus 614 Meanwhile Turnus, fighting at the edge of the palantis sequitur paucos iam segnior atque plain, was pursuing the stragglers now, more iam minus atque minus successu laetus equorum. slowly, and rejoicing less and less in his horses' attulit hunc illi caecis terroribus aura advance. The breeze bore a clamour to him mingled commixtum clamorem, arrectasque impulit auris with an unknown dread, and the cheerless sounds confusae sonus urbis et inlaetabile murmur. of a city in chaos met his straining ears. 'Ah, what 'ei mihi! quid tanto turbantur moenia luctu? 620 is this great grief that shakes the walls? What is this quisue ruit tantus diuersa clamor ab urbe?' clamour that rises from the distant city?' So he sic ait, adductisque amens subsistit habenis. spoke, anxiously grasping the reins and halting. At atque huic, in faciem soror ut conuersa Metisci this his sister, controlling chariot, horses and reins aurigae currumque et equos et lora regebat, disguised in the shape of his charioteer, Metiscus, talibus occurrit dictis: 'hac, Turne, sequamur 625 countered with these words: 'Turnus, this way, let Troiugenas, qua prima uiam uictoria pandit; us chase the sons of Troy, where victory forges the sunt alii qui tecta manu defendere possint. way ahead: there are others with hands to defend ingruit Aeneas Italis et proelia miscet, our homes. Aeneas is attacking the Italians, and et nos saeua manu mittamus funera Teucris. stirring conflict: let our hands too deal cruel death nec numero inferior pugnae neque honore recedes.' to the Trojans. You will not leave the field inferior 630 in battle honours or the number you have killed' Turnus ad haec: Turnus replied to this: 'O sister, I recognised you 'o soror, et dudum agnoui, cum prima per artem long ago, when you first wrecked the truce with foedera turbasti teque haec in bella dedisti, your guile, and dedicated yourself to warfare, and et nunc nequiquam fallis dea. sed quis Olympo now too you hide your divinity in vain. But who demissam tantos uoluit te ferre labores? 635 desired you to be sent down from Olympus to an fratris miseri letum ut crudele uideres? suffer such labours? Was it so you might see your nam quid ago? aut quae iam spondet Fortuna unlucky brother's death? What can I do? What salutem? chance can offer me life? I saw Murranus fall, uidi oculos ante ipse meos me uoce uocantem before my very eyes, calling out to me, loudly, no Murranum, quo non superat mihi carior alter, one more dear to me than him remains, a mighty oppetere ingentem atque ingenti uulnere uictum. man, and overwhelmed by a mighty wound. 640 Unfortunate Ufens fell, so he might not witness our occidit infelix ne nostrum dedecus Vfens shame: the Trojans captured his body and his aspiceret; Teucri potiuntur corpore et armis. armour. Shall I endure the razing of our homes (the exscindine domos (id rebus defuit unum) one thing left) and not deny Drances's words with perpetiar, dextra nec Drancis dicta refellam? my sword? Shall I turn my back, and this country terga dabo et Turnum fugientem haec terra uidebit? see Turnus run? Is it indeed so terrible to die? Oh 645 be good to me, you Shades below, since the gods usque adeone mori miserum est? uos o mihi, above have turned their faces from me. I will Manes, descend to you, a virtuous soul, innocent of blame, este boni, quoniam superis auersa uoluntas. never unworthy of my great ancestors.' He had sancta ad uos anima atque istius inscia culpae barely spoken when Saces sped by, carried on a descendam magnorum haud umquam indignus foaming horse through the thick of the enemy, auorum.' wounded full in the face by an arrow, and calling to Vix ea fatus erat: medios uolat ecce per hostis 650 Turnus by name as he rushed on: 'Turnus, in you uectus equo spumante Saces, aduersa sagitta our last hope lies, pity your people. Aeneas is saucius ora, ruitque implorans nomine Turnum: explosive in arms, and threatens to throw down 'Turne, in te suprema salus, miserere tuorum. Italy's highest citadel and deliver it to destruction, fulminat Aeneas armis summasque minatur even now burning brands fly towards the roofs. The deiecturum arces Italum excidioque daturum, 655 Latins turn their faces to you, their eyes are on you: iamque faces ad tecta uolant. in te ora Latini, King Latinus mutters to himself, wavering as to in te oculos referunt; mussat rex ipse Latinus whom to call his sons, towards what alliance to quos generos uocet aut quae sese ad foedera flectat. lean. Moreover the queen, most loyal to you, has praeterea regina, tui fidissima, dextra fallen by her own hand, and fled, in horror of the occidit ipsa sua lucemque exterrita fugit. 660 light. Messapus and brave Atinas, alone in front of soli pro portis Messapus et acer Atinas the gates sustain our lines. Around them dense sustentant acies. circum hos utrimque phalanges squadrons stand on every side, a harvest of steel stant densae strictisque seges mucronibus horret that bristles with naked swords, while you drive ferrea; tu currum deserto in gramine uersas.' your chariot over the empty turf.' Stunned and obstipuit uaria confusus imagine rerum 665 amazed by this vision of multiple disaster, Turnus Turnus et obtutu tacito stetit; aestuat ingens stood silently gazing: fierce shame surged in that uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu solitary heart, and madness mingled with grief, love et furiis agitatus amor et conscia uirtus. stung to frenzy, consciousness of virtue. As soon as ut primum discussae umbrae et lux reddita menti, the shadows dispersed, and light returned to his ardentis oculorum orbis ad moenia torsit 670 mind, he turned his gaze, with blazing eyes, turbidus eque rotis magnam respexit ad urbem. towards the walls, and looked back on the mighty Ecce autem flammis inter tabulata uolutus city from his chariot. See, now, a spiralling crest of ad caelum undabat uertex turrimque tenebat, flame fastened on a tower, and rolled skyward turrim compactis trabibus quam eduxerat ipse through the stories, a tower he had built himself subdideratque rotas pontisque instrauerat altos. 675 with jointed beams, set on wheels, and equipped 'iam iam fata, soror, superant, absiste morari; with high walkways. He spoke: 'Now, sister, now quo deus et quo dura uocat Fortuna sequamur. fate triumphs: no more delays: where god and cruel stat conferre manum Aeneae, stat, quidquid acerbi fortune calls, let me follow. I'm determined on est, meeting Aeneas, determined to suffer death, morte pati, neque me indecorem, germana, uidebis however bitter: you'll no longer see me ashamed, amplius. hunc, oro, sine me furere ante furorem.' sister. I beg you let me rage before I am maddened.' 680 And, leaping swiftly from his chariot to the ground, dixit, et e curru saltum dedit ocius aruis he ran through enemy spears, deserting his grieving perque hostis, per tela ruit maestamque sororem sister, and burst, in his quick passage, through the deserit ac rapido cursu media agmina rumpit. ranks. As when a rock torn from the mountaintop ac ueluti montis saxum de uertice praeceps by a storm hurtles downward, washed free by a cum ruit auulsum uento, seu turbidus imber 685 tempest of rain or loosened in time by the passage proluit aut annis soluit sublapsa uetustas; of the years, and the wilful mass plunges down the fertur in abruptum magno mons improbus actu slope in a mighty rush and leaps over the ground, exsultatque solo, siluas armenta uirosque rolling trees, herds and men with it: so Turnus ran inuoluens secum: disiecta per agmina Turnus to the city walls through the broken ranks, where sic urbis ruit ad muros, ubi plurima fuso 690 the soil was most drenched with blood, and the air sanguine terra madet striduntque hastilibus aurae, shrill with spears, signalled with his hand and significatque manu et magno simul incipit ore: began shouting aloud: 'Rutulians stop now, and you 'parcite iam, Rutuli, et uos tela inhibete, Latini. Latins hold back your spears. Whatever fate is here, quaecumque est fortuna, mea est; me uerius unum is mine: it is better that I alone make reparation for pro uobis foedus luere et decernere ferro.' 695 the truce and decide it with the sword.' All drew discessere omnes medii spatiumque dedere. back, and left a space in their midst. Lines 697-765 The Final Duel Begins At pater Aeneas audito nomine Turni Now Aeneas the leader hearing the name of Turnus deserit et muros et summas deserit arces left the walls, and left the high fortress, cast aside praecipitatque moras omnis, opera omnia rumpit all delay, broke off from every task, and exultant laetitia exsultans horrendumque intonat armis: 700 with delight clashed his weapons fiercely: vast as quantus Athos aut quantus Eryx aut ipse coruscis Mount Athos, or Mount Eryx, or vast as old cum fremit ilicibus quantus gaudetque niuali Apennine himself when he roars through the uertice se attollens pater Appenninus ad auras. glittering holm-oaks and joys in lifting his snowy iam uero et Rutuli certatim et Troes et omnes summit to heaven. Now all truly turned their eyes, conuertere oculos Itali, quique alta tenebant 705 stripping the armour from their shoulders, moenia quique imos pulsabant ariete muros, Rutulians, Trojans and Italians, those who held the armaque deposuere umeris. stupet ipse Latinus high ramparts and those whose ram battered at the ingentis, genitos diuersis partibus orbis, walls beneath. Latinus himself was amazed at these inter se coiisse uiros et cernere ferro. mighty men, born at opposite ends of the world, atque illi, ut uacuo patuerunt aequore campi, 710 meeting and deciding the outcome with their procursu rapido coniectis eminus hastis swords. As soon as the field was clear on the open inuadunt Martem clipeis atque aere sonoro. plain, they both dashed quickly forward, hurling dat gemitum tellus; tum crebros ensibus ictus their spears first from a distance, rushing, with congeminant, fors et uirtus miscetur in unum. shield and ringing bronze, to battle. The earth ac uelut ingenti Sila summoue Taburno 715 groaned: they redoubled their intense sword- cum duo conuersis inimica in proelia tauri strokes, chance and skill mingled together. And as frontibus incurrunt, pauidi cessere magistri, when two bulls charge head to head in mortal stat pecus omne metu mutum, mussantque iuuencae battle, on mighty Sila or on Taburnus's heights, and quis nemori imperitet, quem tota armenta in terror their keepers retreat, the whole herd stand sequantur; silent with fear, and the heifers wait, mute, to see illi inter sese multa ui uulnera miscent 720 who will be lord of the forest, whom all the herds cornuaque obnixi infigunt et sanguine largo will follow, as they deal wounds to each other with colla armosque lauant, gemitu nemus omne immense force, gore with butting horns, and bathe remugit: neck and shoulders in streaming blood, while all non aliter Tros Aeneas et Daunius heros the wood echoes to their bellowing: so Trojan concurrunt clipeis, ingens fragor aethera complet. Aeneas and the Daunian hero, Turnus, clashed their Iuppiter ipse duas aequato examine lances 725 shields, and the mighty crash filled the sky. Jupiter sustinet et fata imponit diuersa duorum, himself held up two evenly balanced scales before quem damnet labor et quo uergat pondere letum. him, and placed in them the diverse fates of the Emicat hic impune putans et corpore toto two, to see whom the effort doomed, with whose alte sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem weight death sank down. Turnus leapt forward et ferit; exclamant Troes trepidique Latini, 730 thinking himself safe, rose to the full height of his arrectaeque amborum acies. at perfidus ensis body with uplifted sword, and struck: the Trojans frangitur in medioque ardentem deserit ictu, and the anxious Latins cried out, both armies were ni fuga subsidio subeat. fugit ocior Euro roused. But the treacherous blade snapped, and ut capulum ignotum dextramque aspexit inermem. would have left the eager warrior defenceless in fama est praecipitem, cum prima in proelia iunctos mid-stroke, if immediate flight had not saved him. 735 He ran swifter than the east wind, when he saw that conscendebat equos, patrio mucrone relicto, strange hilt in his exposed right hand. The tale is dum trepidat, ferrum aurigae rapuisse Metisci; that in headlong haste, when he first mounted idque diu, dum terga dabant palantia Teucri, behind his yoked team for battle, he left his father's suffecit; postquam arma dei ad Volcania uentum sword behind, and snatched up the blade of his est, charioteer, Metiscus: and that served him for a long mortalis mucro glacies ceu futtilis ictu 740 while as the straggling Trojans turned their backs, dissiluit, fulua resplendent fragmina harena. but the mortal blade flew apart like brittle ice at the ergo amens diuersa fuga petit aequora Turnus stroke, on meeting Vulcan's divine armour: and the et nunc huc, inde huc incertos implicat orbis; fragments gleamed on the yellow sand. So Turnus undique enim densa Teucri inclusere corona ran madly this way and that over the plain, winding atque hinc uasta palus, hinc ardua moenia cingunt. aimless circles here and there: on all sides the 745 Trojans imprisoned him in their crowded ring, and Nec minus Aeneas, quamquam tardata sagitta a vast marsh penned him on one side, on the other interdum genua impediunt cursumque recusant, the steep ramparts. Aenaeas, no less, though his insequitur trepidique pedem pede feruidus urget: knees, slowed at times by the arrow wound, failed inclusum ueluti si quando flumine nactus him and denied him speed, pursued and pressed his ceruum aut puniceae saeptum formidine pennae anxious enemy hotly, foot to foot: as when a hound 750 in the hunt presses on a stag, chasing and barking, uenator cursu canis et latratibus instat; one found trapped by the river or hedged in by fear ille autem insidiis et ripa territus alta of the crimson feathers: the stag, terrified by the mille fugit refugitque uias, at uiuidus Vmber snares and the high banks, flies backwards and haeret hians, iam iamque tenet similisque tenenti forwards a thousand ways, but the eager Umbrian increpuit malis morsuque elusus inani est; 755 clings close with gaping mouth, almost has him, tum uero exoritur clamor ripaeque lacusque and snaps his jaws as though he holds him, baffled responsant circa et caelum tonat omne tumultu. and biting empty air: Then a clamour breaks out ille simul fugiens Rutulos simul increpat omnis indeed, the pools and banks around echo, and the nomine quemque uocans notumque efflagitat whole sky rings with the tumult. As he fled Turnus ensem. chided the Rutulians, calling on each by name and Aeneas mortem contra praesensque minatur 760 calling out for his own familiar sword. Aeneas in exitium, si quisquam adeat, terretque trementis turn threatened death and immediate destruction if excisurum urbem minitans et saucius instat. any one approached, and terrified his trembling quinque orbis explent cursu totidemque retexunt enemies threatening to raze the city, and pressing huc illuc; neque enim leuia aut ludicra petuntur on though wounded. They completed five circuits, praemia, sed Turni de uita et sanguine certant. 765 and unwound as many, this way and that: since they sought for no paltry prize at the games, but vied for Turnus's life blood. Lines 766-790 The Goddesses Intervene Forte sacer Fauno foliis oleaster amaris By chance this was the place where a bitter-leaved hic steterat, nautis olim uenerabile lignum, wild olive, sacred to Faunus, had stood, a tree seruati ex undis ubi figere dona solebant revered by sailors of old, where, when saved from Laurenti diuo et uotas suspendere uestis; the sea, they used to hang their gifts to the sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum 770 Laurentine god, and the votive garments: but the sustulerant, puro ut possent concurrere campo. Trojans had removed the sacred trunk, allowing of hic hasta Aeneae stabat, huc impetus illam no exceptions, in order to fight on open ground. detulerat fixam et lenta radice tenebat. Here stood Aeneas's spear, its impetus had carried incubuit uoluitque manu conuellere ferrum it there, fixed and held fast by the tough roots. The Dardanides, teloque sequi quem prendere cursu 775 Trojan halted, intending to pluck out the steel with non poterat. tum uero amens formidine Turnus his hand, and pursue the man he couldn't catch by 'Faune, precor, miserere' inquit 'tuque optima running, with his javelin. Then Turnus mad with ferrum anxiety indeed cried: 'Faunus, pity me, I pray, and Terra tene, colui uestros si semper honores, you, most gracious Earth if I have every honoured quos contra Aeneadae bello fecere profanos.' your rites that the sons of Aeneas have instead dixit, opemque dei non cassa in uota uocauit. 780 defiled by war, retain the steel.' He spoke, and did namque diu luctans lentoque in stirpe moratus not invoke the power of heaven in vain, since uiribus haud ullis ualuit discludere morsus Aeneas could not prise open the wood's grip, by roboris Aeneas. dum nititur acer et instat, any show of strength, though he wrestled long and rursus in aurigae faciem mutata Metisci lingered over the strong stump. While he tugged procurrit fratrique ensem dea Daunia reddit. 785 and strained fiercely, Juturna, the Daunian goddess, quod Venus audaci nymphae indignata licere changing again to the shape of Metiscus, the accessit telumque alta ab radice reuellit. charioteer, ran forward and restored his sword to olli sublimes armis animisque refecti, her brother. But Venus, enraged that this was hic gladio fidens, hic acer et arduus hasta, allowed the audacious nymph, approached, and adsistunt contra certamina Martis anheli. 790 plucked the javelin from the deep root. Refreshed with weapons and courage, one relying on his sword, the other towering fiercely with his spear, both breathing hard, they stood, tall, face to face, in martial conflict. Lines 791-842 Jupiter And Juno Decide The Future Iunonem interea rex omnipotentis Olympi The king of almighty Olympus meanwhile was adloquitur fulua pugnas de nube tuentem: speaking to Juno, as she gazed at the fighting from 'quae iam finis erit, coniunx? quid denique restat? a golden cloud: 'Wife, what will the end be now? indigetem Aenean scis ipsa et scire fateris What will be left in the end? You know yourself, deberi caelo fatisque ad sidera tolli. 795 and confess you know, that Aeneas, is destined for quid struis? aut qua spe gelidis in nubibus haeres? heaven as the nation's god: the Fates raise him to mortalin decuit uiolari uulnere diuum? the stars. What are you planning? What hope do aut ensem (quid enim sine te Iuturna ualeret?) you cling to in the cold clouds? Was it right that ereptum reddi Turno et uim crescere uictis? this god be defiled by a mortal's wound? Or that the desine iam tandem precibusque inflectere nostris, lost sword (for what could Juturna achieve without 800 you?) be restored to Turnus, the defeated gaining ne te tantus edit tacitam dolor et mihi curae new strength? Now cease, at last, and give way to saepe tuo dulci tristes ex ore recursent. my entreaties, lest such sadness consume you in uentum ad supremum est. terris agitare uel undis silence, and your bitter woes stream back to me Troianos potuisti, infandum accendere bellum, often from your sweet lips. It has reached its end. deformare domum et luctu miscere hymenaeos: 805 You have had the power to drive the Trojans over ulterius temptare ueto.' sic Iuppiter orsus; land and sea, to stir up evil war, to mar a house, and sic dea summisso contra Saturnia uultu: mix marriage with grief: I forbid you to attempt 'ista quidem quia nota mihi tua, magne, uoluntas, more.' So Jupiter spoke: so, with humble look, the Iuppiter, et Turnum et terras inuita reliqui; Saturnian goddess replied: 'Great Jupiter, truly, it nec tu me aeria solam nunc sede uideres 810 was because I knew it was your wish that I parted digna indigna pati, sed flammis cincta sub ipsa reluctantly from Turnus and the Earth: or you starem acie traheremque inimica in proelia Teucros. would not see me alone now, on my celestial perch, Iuturnam misero (fateor) succurrere fratri enduring the just and the unjust, but I'd be standing, suasi et pro uita maiora audere probaui, wreathed in flame, in the battle line itself, and non ut tela tamen, non ut contenderet arcum; 815 drawing the Trojans into deadly combat. I adiuro Stygii caput implacabile fontis, counselled Juturna (I confess) to help her una superstitio superis quae reddita diuis. unfortunate brother and approved greater acts of et nunc cedo equidem pugnasque exosa relinquo. daring for the sake of his life, yet not for her to illud te, nulla fati quod lege tenetur, contend with the arrow or the bow: I swear it by the pro Latio obtestor, pro maiestate tuorum: 820 implacable fountainhead of Styx, that alone is held cum iam conubiis pacem felicibus (esto) in awe by the gods above. And now I yield, yes, component, cum iam leges et foedera iungent, and leave the fighting I loathe. Yet I beg this of ne uetus indigenas nomen mutare Latinos you, for Latium's sake, for the majesty of your own neu Troas fieri iubeas Teucrosque uocari kin: since it is not prohibited by any law of fate: aut uocem mutare uiros aut uertere uestem. 825 when they soon make peace with happy nuptials sit Latium, sint Albani per saecula reges, (so be it) when they join together soon in laws and sit Romana potens Itala uirtute propago: treaties, don't order the native Latins to change their occidit, occideritque sinas cum nomine Troia.' ancient name, to become Trojans or be called olli subridens hominum rerumque repertor: Teucrians, or change their language, or alter their 'es germana Iouis Saturnique altera proles, 830 clothing. Let Latium still exist, let there be Alban irarum tantos uoluis sub pectore fluctus. kings through the ages, let there be Roman uerum age et inceptum frustra summitte furorem: offspring strong in Italian virtue: Troy has fallen, do quod uis, et me uictusque uolensque remitto. let her stay fallen, along with her name.' Smiling at sermonem Ausonii patrium moresque tenebunt, her, the creator of men and things replied: 'You are utque est nomen erit; commixti corpore tantum 835 a true sister of Jove, another child of Saturn, such subsident Teucri. morem ritusque sacrorum waves of anger surge within your heart. Come, adiciam faciamque omnis uno ore Latinos. truly, calm this passion that was needlessly roused: hinc genus Ausonio mixtum quod sanguine surget, I grant what you wish, and I relent, willingly supra homines, supra ire deos pietate uidebis, defeated. Ausonia's sons will keep their father's nec gens ulla tuos aeque celebrabit honores.' 840 speech and manners, as their name is, so it will be: adnuit his Iuno et mentem laetata retorsit; the Trojans shall sink, merged into the mass, only. I interea excedit caelo nubemque relinquit. will add sacred laws and rites, and make them all Latins of one tongue. From them a race will rise, merged with Ausonian blood, that you will see surpass men and gods in virtue, no nation will celebrate your rites with as much devotion.' Juno agreed it, and joyfully altered her purpose: then left her cloud, and departed from the sky. Lines 843-886 Jupiter Sends Juturna a Sign His actis aliud genitor secum ipse uolutat This done the Father turns something else over in Iuturnamque parat fratris dimittere ab armis. his mind and prepares to take Juturna from her dicuntur geminae pestes cognomine Dirae, 845 brother's side. Men speak of twin plagues, named quas et Tartaream Nox intempesta Megaeram the Dread Ones, whom Night bore untimely, in one uno eodemque tulit partu, paribusque reuinxit birth with Tartarean Megaera, wreathing them serpentum spiris uentosasque addidit alas. equally in snaky coils, and adding wings swift as hae Iouis ad solium saeuique in limine regis the wind. They wait by Jove's throne on the fierce apparent acuuntque metum mortalibus aegris, 850 king's threshold, and sharpen the fears of weak si quando letum horrificum morbosque deum rex mortals whenever the king of the gods sends molitur, meritas aut bello territat urbes. plagues and death's horrors, or terrifies guilty cities harum unam celerem demisit ab aethere summo with war. Jupiter sent one of them quickly down Iuppiter inque omen Iuturnae occurrere iussit: from heaven's heights and ordered her to meet with illa uolat celerique ad terram turbine fertur. 855 Juturna as a sign: she flew, and darted to earth in a non secus ac neruo per nubem impulsa sagitta, swift whirlwind. Like an arrow loosed from the armatam saeui Parthus quam felle ueneni, string, through the clouds, that a Parthian, a Parthus siue Cydon, telum immedicabile, torsit, Parthian or a Cydonian, fired, hissing, and leaping stridens et celeris incognita transilit umbras: unseen through the swift shadows, a shaft beyond talis se sata Nocte tulit terrasque petiuit. 860 all cure, armed with cruel poison's venom: so sped postquam acies uidet Iliacas atque agmina Turni, the daughter of Night, seeking the earth. As soon as alitis in paruae subitam collecta figuram, she saw the Trojan ranks and Turnus's troops, she quae quondam in bustis aut culminibus desertis changed her shape, suddenly shrinking to the form nocte sedens serum canit importuna per umbras— of that small bird that perching at night on tombs or hanc uersa in faciem Turni se pestis ob ora 865 deserted rooftops, often sings her troubling song so fertque refertque sonans clipeumque euerberat alis. late among the shadows— and the fiend flew illi membra nouus soluit formidine torpor, screeching to and fro in front of Turnus's face, and arrectaeque horrore comae et uox faucibus haesit. beat at his shield with her wings. A strange At procul ut Dirae stridorem agnouit et alas, numbness loosed his limbs in dread, his hair stood infelix crinis scindit Iuturna solutos 870 up in terror, and his voice clung to his throat. But unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis: when his wretched sister Juturna recognised the 'quid nunc te tua, Turne, potest germana iuuare? Dread One's whirring wings in the distance, she aut quid iam durae superat mihi? qua tibi lucem tore at her loosened hair, marring her face with her arte morer? talin possum me opponere monstro? nails, and her breasts with her clenched hands: iam iam linquo acies. ne me terrete timentem, 875 'What help can your sister give you now, Turnus? obscenae uolucres: alarum uerbera nosco What is left for me who have suffered so? With letalemque sonum, nec fallunt iussa superba what art can I prolong your life? Can I stand magnanimi Iouis. haec pro uirginitate reponit? against such a portent? Now at last I leave the quo uitam dedit aeternam? cur mortis adempta est ranks. Bird of ill- omen, do not you terrify me who condicio? possem tantos finire dolores 880 already am afraid: I know your wing-beats and nunc certe, et misero fratri comes ire per umbras! their fatal sound, and I do not mistake the proud immortalis ego? aut quicquam mihi dulce meorum command of great-hearted Jupiter. Is this his te sine, frater, erit? o quae satis ima dehiscat reward for my virginity? Why did he grant me terra mihi, Manisque deam demittat ad imos?' eternal life? Why is the mortal condition taken tantum effata caput glauco contexit amictu 885 from me? Then, at least, I could end such pain and multa gemens et se fluuio dea condidit alto. go through the shadows at my poor brother's side! An immortal, I? Can anything be sweet to me without you my brother? Oh what earth can gape deep enough for me, to send a goddess down to the deepest Shades?' So saying she veiled her head in a grey mantle, and the goddess, with many a cry of grief, plunged into the river's depths. Lines 887-952 The Death Of Turnus Aeneas instat contra telumque coruscat Aeneas pressed on, brandishing his great spear like ingens arboreum, et saeuo sic pectore fatur: a tree, and, angered at heart, he cried out in this 'quae nunc deinde mora est? aut quid iam, Turne, way: 'Why now yet more delay? Why do you still retractas? retreat, Turnus? We must compete hand to hand non cursu, saeuis certandum est comminus armis. with fierce weapons, not by running. Change into 890 every form: summon up all your powers of mind uerte omnis tete in facies et contrahe quidquid and art, wing your way if you wish to the high siue animis siue arte uales; opta ardua pennis stars, or hide in earth's hollow prison.' Turnus astra sequi clausumque caua te condere terra.' shook his head: 'Fierce man, your fiery words don't ille caput quassans: 'non me tua feruida terrent frighten me: the gods terrify me and Jupiter's dicta, ferox; di me terrent et Iuppiter hostis.' 895 enmity.' Saying no more he looked round seeing a nec plura effatus saxum circumspicit ingens, great rock, a vast ancient stone, that happened to lie saxum antiquum ingens, campo quod forte iacebat, there in the plain, set up as a boundary marker, to limes agro positus litem ut discerneret aruis. distinguish fields in dispute. Twelve picked men, uix illum lecti bis sex ceruice subirent, men of such form as Earth now produces, could qualia nunc hominum producit corpora tellus; 900 scarcely have lifted it on their shoulders, but the ille manu raptum trepida torquebat in hostem hero, grasping it quickly, rising to his full height altior insurgens et cursu concitus heros. and as swiftly as he could, hurled it at his enemy. sed neque currentem se nec cognoscit euntem But he did not know himself, running or moving tollentemue manu saxumue immane mouentem; raising the great rock in his hands, or throwing: his genua labant, gelidus concreuit frigore sanguis. 905 knees gave way, his blood was frozen cold. The tum lapis ipse uiri uacuum per inane uolutus stone itself, whirled by the warrior through the nec spatium euasit totum neque pertulit ictum. empty air, failed to travel the whole distance, or ac uelut in somnis, oculos ubi languida pressit drive home with force. As in dreams when languid nocte quies, nequiquam auidos extendere cursus sleep weighs down our eyes at night, we seem to uelle uidemur et in mediis conatibus aegri 910 try in vain to follow our eager path, and collapse succidimus; non lingua ualet, non corpore notae helpless in the midst of our efforts, the tongue sufficiunt uires nec uox aut uerba sequuntur: won't work, the usual strength is lacking from our sic Turno, quacumque uiam uirtute petiuit, limbs, and neither word nor voice will come: so the successum dea dira negat. tum pectore sensus dread goddess denied Turnus success, however uertuntur uarii; Rutulos aspectat et urbem 915 courageously he sought to find a way. Then shifting cunctaturque metu letumque instare tremescit, visions whirled through his brain: he gazed at the nec quo se eripiat, nec qua ui tendat in hostem, Rutulians, and at the city, faltered in fear, and nec currus usquam uidet aurigamue sororem. shuddered at the death that neared, he saw no way Cunctanti telum Aeneas fatale coruscat, to escape, no power to attack his enemy, nor sign of sortitus fortunam oculis, et corpore toto 920 his chariot, nor his sister, his charioteer. As he eminus intorquet. murali concita numquam wavered, Aeneas shook his fateful spear, seeing a tormento sic saxa fremunt nec fulmine tanti favourable chance, and hurled it from the distance dissultant crepitus. uolat atri turbinis instar with all his might. Stone shot from a siege engine exitium dirum hasta ferens orasque recludit never roared so loud, such mighty thunder never loricae et clipei extremos septemplicis orbis; 925 burst from a lightning bolt. Like a black hurricane per medium stridens transit femur. incidit ictus the spear flew on bearing dire destruction, and ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus. pierced the outer circle of the seven- fold shield, consurgunt gemitu Rutuli totusque remugit the breastplate's lower rim, and, hissing, passed mons circum et uocem late nemora alta remittunt. through the centre of the thigh. Great Turnus sank, ille humilis supplex oculos dextramque precantem his knee bent beneath him, under the blow. The 930 Rutulians rose up, and groaned, and all the hills protendens 'equidem merui nec deprecor' inquit; around re-echoed, and, far and wide, the woods 'utere sorte tua. miseri te si qua parentis returned the sound. He lowered his eyes in tangere cura potest, oro (fuit et tibi talis submission and stretched out his right hand: 'I have Anchises genitor) Dauni miserere senectae earned this, I ask no mercy' he said, 'seize your et me, seu corpus spoliatum lumine mauis, 935 chance. If any concern for a parent's grief can touch redde meis. uicisti et uictum tendere palmas you (you too had such a father, in Anchises) I beg Ausonii uidere; tua est Lauinia coniunx, you to pity Daunus's old age and return me, or if ulterius ne tende odiis.' stetit acer in armis you prefer it my body robbed of life, to my people. Aeneas uoluens oculos dextramque repressit; You are the victor, and the Ausonians have seen me et iam iamque magis cunctantem flectere sermo stretch out my hands in defeat: Lavinia is your 940 wife, don't extend your hatred further.' Aeneas coeperat, infelix umero cum apparuit alto stood, fierce in his armour, his eyes flickered, and balteus et notis fulserunt cingula bullis he held back his hand: and even now, as he paused, Pallantis pueri, uictum quem uulnere Turnus the words began to move him more deeply, when strauerat atque umeris inimicum insigne gerebat. high on Turnus's shoulder young Pallas's luckless ille, oculis postquam saeui monimenta doloris 945 sword-belt met his gaze, the strap glinting with its exuuiasque hausit, furiis accensus et ira familiar decorations, he whom Turnus, now terribilis: 'tune hinc spoliis indute meorum wearing his enemy's emblems on his shoulder, had eripiare mihi? Pallas te hoc uulnere, Pallas wounded and thrown, defeated, to the earth. As immolat et poenam scelerato ex sanguine sumit.' soon as his eyes took in the trophy, a memory of hoc dicens ferrum aduerso sub pectore condit 950 cruel grief, Aeneas, blazing with fury, and terrible feruidus; ast illi soluuntur frigore membra in his anger, cried: 'Shall you be snatched from my uitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras. grasp, wearing the spoils of one who was my own? Pallas it is, Pallas, who sacrifices you with this stroke, and exacts retribution from your guilty blood.' So saying, burning with rage, he buried his sword deep in Turnus's breast: and then Turnus's limbs grew slack with death, and his life fled, with a moan, angrily, to the Shades.