VIRGIL (PUBLIUS VERGILIUS MARO, 70-19 BC) THE AENEID TRANSLATION BY A.S. KLINE (Published here under the Creative Commons License) PARALLEL-TEXT EDITION PREPARED BY ROY GLASHAN TABLE OF CONTENTS Book I Book II Book III Book IV Book V Book VI Book VII Book VIII Book IX Book X Book XI Book XII BOOK I Invocation to the Muse Lines 1-11 I sing of arms and the man, he who, exiled by fate, Arma uirumque cano, Troiae qui primus ab oris first came from the coast of Troy to Italy, and to Italiam, fato profugus, Lauiniaque uenit Lavinian shores – hurled about endlessly by land litora, multum ille et terris iactatus et alto and sea, by the will of the gods, by cruel Juno's ui superum saeuae memorem Iunonis ob iram; remorseless anger, long suffering also in war, until multa quoque et bello passus, dum conderet urbem, he founded a city and brought his gods to Latium: 5 from that the Latin people came, the lords of Alba inferretque deos Latio, genus unde Latinum, Longa, the walls of noble Rome. Muse, tell me the Albanique patres, atque altae moenia Romae. cause: how was she offended in her divinity, how Musa, mihi causas memora, quo numine laeso, was she grieved, the Queen of Heaven, to drive a quidue dolens, regina deum tot uoluere casus man, noted for virtue, to endure such dangers, to insignem pietate uirum, tot adire labores 10 face so many trials? Can there be such anger in the impulerit. Tantaene animis caelestibus irae? minds of the gods? Lines 12-49 The Anger of Juno Urbs antiqua fuit, Tyrii tenuere coloni, There was an ancient city, Carthage (held by Karthago, Italiam contra Tiberinaque longe colonists from Tyre), opposite Italy, and the far-off ostia, diues opum studiisque asperrima belli; mouths of the Tiber, rich in wealth, and very quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam 15 savage in pursuit of war. They say Juno loved this posthabita coluisse Samo; hic illius arma, one land above all others, even neglecting Samos: hic currus fuit; hoc regnum dea gentibus esse, here were her weapons and her chariot, even then si qua fata sinant, iam tum tenditque fouetque. the goddess worked at, and cherished, the idea that Progeniem sed enim Troiano a sanguine duci it should have supremacy over the nations, if only audierat, Tyrias olim quae uerteret arces; 20 the fates allowed. Yet she'd heard of offspring, hinc populum late regem belloque superbum derived from Trojan blood, that would one day uenturum excidio Libyae: sic uoluere Parcas. overthrow the Tyrian stronghold: that from them a Id metuens, ueterisque memor Saturnia belli, people would come, wide-ruling, and proud in war, prima quod ad Troiam pro caris gesserat Argis— to Libya's ruin: so the Fates ordained. Fearing this, necdum etiam causae irarum saeuique dolores 25 and remembering the ancient war she had fought exciderant animo: manet alta mente repostum before, at Troy, for her dear Argos, (and the cause iudicium Paridis spretaeque iniuria formae, of her anger and bitter sorrows had not yet passed et genus inuisum, et rapti Ganymedis honores. from her mind: the distant judgement of Paris His accensa super, iactatos aequore toto stayed deep in her heart, the injury to her scorned Troas, reliquias Danaum atque immitis Achilli, 30 beauty, her hatred of the race, and abducted arcebat longe Latio, multosque per annos Ganymede's honours) the daughter of Saturn, errabant, acti fatis, maria omnia circum. incited further by this, hurled the Trojans, the Tantae molis erat Romanam condere gentem! Greeks and pitiless Achilles had left, round the Uix e conspectu Siculae telluris in altum whole ocean, keeping them far from Latium: they uela dabant laeti, et spumas salis aere ruebant, 35 wandered for many years, driven by fate over all cum Iuno, aeternum seruans sub pectore uolnus, the seas. Such an effort it was to found the Roman haec secum: 'Mene incepto desistere uictam, people. They were hardly out of sight of Sicily's nec posse Italia Teucrorum auertere regem? isle, in deeper water, joyfully spreading sail, bronze Quippe uetor fatis. Pallasne exurere classem keel ploughing the brine, when Juno, nursing the Argiuom atque ipsos potuit submergere ponto, 40 eternal wound in her breast, spoke to herself: 'Am I unius ob noxam et furias Aiacis Oilei? to abandon my purpose, conquered, unable to turn Ipsa, Iouis rapidum iaculata e nubibus ignem, the Teucrian king away from Italy! Why, the fates disiecitque rates euertitque aequora uentis, forbid it. Wasn't Pallas able to burn the Argive illum expirantem transfixo pectore flammas fleet, to sink it in the sea, because of the guilt and turbine corripuit scopuloque infixit acuto. 45 madness of one single man, Ajax, son of Oileus? Ast ego, quae diuom incedo regina, Iouisque She herself hurled Jupiter's swift fire from the et soror et coniunx, una cum gente tot annos clouds, scattered the ships, and made the sea boil bella gero! Et quisquam numen Iunonis adoret with storms: She caught him up in a water-spout, as praeterea, aut supplex aris imponet honorem?' he breathed flame from his pierced chest, and pinned him to a sharp rock: yet I, who walk about as queen of the gods, wife and sister of Jove, wage war on a whole race, for so many years. Indeed, will anyone worship Juno's power from now on, or place offerings, humbly, on her altars?' Lines 50-80 Juno Asks Aeolus for Help Talia flammato secum dea corde uolutans 50 So debating with herself, her heart inflamed, the nimborum in patriam, loca feta furentibus austris, goddess came to Aeolia, to the country of storms, Aeoliam uenit. Hic uasto rex Aeolus antro the place of wild gales. Here in his vast cave, King luctantes uentos tempestatesque sonoras Aeolus, keeps the writhing winds, and the roaring imperio premit ac uinclis et carcere frenat. tempests, under control, curbs them with chains and Illi indignantes magno cum murmure montis 55 imprisonment. They moan angrily at the doors, circum claustra fremunt; celsa sedet Aeolus arce with a mountain's vast murmurs: Aeolus sits, sceptra tenens, mollitque animos et temperat iras. holding his sceptre, in his high stronghold, Ni faciat, maria ac terras caelumque profundum softening their passions, tempering their rage: if quippe ferant rapidi secum uerrantque per auras. not, they'd surely carry off seas and lands and the Sed pater omnipotens speluncis abdidit atris, 60 highest heavens, with them, in rapid flight, and hoc metuens, molemque et montis insuper altos sweep them through the air. But the all-powerful imposuit, regemque dedit, qui foedere certo Father, fearing this, hid them in dark caves, and et premere et laxas sciret dare iussus habenas. piled a high mountain mass over them and gave Ad quem tum Iuno supplex his uocibus usa est: them a king, who by fixed agreement, would know 'Aeole, namque tibi diuom pater atque hominum how to give the order to tighten or slacken the rex 65 reins. Juno now offered these words to him, et mulcere dedit fluctus et tollere uento, humbly: 'Aeolus, since the Father of gods, and king gens inimica mihi Tyrrhenum nauigat aequor, of men, gave you the power to quell, and raise, the Ilium in Italiam portans uictosque Penates: waves with the winds, there is a people I hate incute uim uentis submersasque obrue puppes, sailing the Tyrrhenian Sea, bringing Troy's aut age diuersos et disiice corpora ponto. 70 conquered gods to Italy: Add power to the winds, Sunt mihi bis septem praestanti corpore nymphae, and sink their wrecked boats, or drive them apart, quarum quae forma pulcherrima Deiopea, and scatter their bodies over the sea. I have conubio iungam stabili propriamque dicabo, fourteen Nymphs of outstanding beauty: of whom omnis ut tecum meritis pro talibus annos I'll name Deiopea, the loveliest in looks, joined in exigat, et pulchra faciat te prole parentem.' 75 eternal marriage, and yours for ever, so that, for Aeolus haec contra: 'Tuus, O regina, quid optes such service to me as yours, she'll spend all her explorare labor; mihi iussa capessere fas est. years with you, and make you the father of lovely Tu mihi, quodcumque hoc regni, tu sceptra children.' Aeolus replied: 'Your task, O queen, is to Iouemque decide what you wish: my duty is to fulfil your concilias, tu das epulis accumbere diuom, orders. You brought about all this kingdom of nimborumque facis tempestatumque potentem.' 80 mine, the sceptre, Jove's favour, you gave me a seat at the feasts of the gods, and you made me lord of the storms and the tempests.' Lines 81-123 Aeolus Raises the Storm Haec ubi dicta, cauum conuersa cuspide montem When he had spoken, he reversed his trident and impulit in latus: ac uenti, uelut agmine facto, struck the hollow mountain on the side: and the qua data porta, ruunt et terras turbine perflant. winds, formed ranks, rushed out by the door he'd Incubuere mari, totumque a sedibus imis made, and whirled across the earth. They settle on una Eurusque Notusque ruunt creberque procellis the sea, East and West wind, and the wind from 85 Africa, together, thick with storms, stir it all from Africus, et uastos uoluunt ad litora fluctus. its furthest deeps, and roll vast waves to shore: Insequitur clamorque uirum stridorque rudentum. follows a cry of men and a creaking of cables. Eripiunt subito nubes caelumque diemque Suddenly clouds take sky and day away from the Teucrorum ex oculis; ponto nox incubat atra. Trojan's eyes: dark night rests on the sea.