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i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i DIRECTOR João Carlos Correia (Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal) EDITORES [EDITORS] João Carlos Correia (Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal) Anabela Gradim (Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal) PAINEL CIENTÍFICO INTERNACIONAL [INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC BOARD] António Fidalgo (Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal) Afonso Albuquerque (Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil) Alfredo Vizeu (Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil) António Bento (Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal) Barbie Zelizer (University of Pennsylvania, USA) Colin Sparks (University of Westminster, United Kingdom) Eduardo Camilo (Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal) Eduardo Meditsch (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil) François Heinderyckx (Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgique) Elias Machado (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil) Francisco Costa Pereira (Escola Superior de Comunicação Social, Portugal) Gil Ferreira (Universidade Católica Portuguesa) Helena Sousa (Universidade do Minho, Portugal) Javier Díaz Noci (Universidad del País Vasco, Espanã) Jean Marc-Ferry (Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut d’Études Européennes, Belgique) João Pissarra Esteves (Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal) João Canavilhas (Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal) Joaquim Paulo Serra (Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal) Jorge Pedro Sousa (Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Portugal) José Bragança de Miranda (Universidade Lusófona ; Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal) Liesbet van Zoonen (University of Amsterdam, Holanda) Manuel Pinto (Universidade do Minho, Portugal) Mark Deuze (Indiana University, USA) Maria João Silveirinha (Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal) Mário Mesquita (Escola Superior de Comunicação Social de Lisboa, Portugal) Marcos Palácios (Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brasil) Martin Jay (University of California, Berkeley, USA) Miguel Rodrigo Alsina (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, España) Michael Gurevitch (University of Maryland, USA) Nelson Traquina (Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal) Nico Carpentier (Vrije Universiteit Brussel -VUB- , Katholieke Universiteit Brussel - KUB) Nathalie Zaccai - Reyners (Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgique) i i i i i i i i Paula Espírito Santo (Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Portugal) Peter Dahlgren (Lunds Universitet, Sweden) Pedro Coelho (SIC, Jornalista ; Investigador) Ramón Salaverría (Universidad de Navarra, España) Stephen K. White (University of Virgínia, EUA) Rosental Calmon Alves (University of Texas, USA) Steve Reese (University of Texas, USA) Susan Buck-Morss (Cornell University) Tito Cardoso e Cunha (Universidade da Beira Interior, Portugal) Todd Gitlin (Columbia University, USA) Xosé Lópes García (Universidad Santiago de Compostela, España) DIRECÇÃO GRÁFICA Catarina Moura (LabCom – Universidade da Beira Interior) Catarina Rodrigues (LabCom – Universidade da Beira Interior) AGRADECIMENTOS Marco Oliveira, Cristina Lopes, João Nuno Sardinha, António Tomé, Ivone Ferreira e Manuela Penafria (UBI) © Estudos em Comunicação [Communication Studies] — http://www.ec.ubi.pt LabCom – Laboratório de Comunicação e Conteúdos On-Line — http://www.labcom.ubi.pt UBI – Universidade da Beira Interior — http://www.ubi.pt ISSN : 1646-4923 ISSN (suporte electrónico) : 1646-4974 Periodicidade semestral [Semestral periodicity] – Dezembro de 2012 Contacto dos Editores : [email protected], [email protected] i i i i i i i i Índice Online Coverage of the 2010 Brazilian Presidential Elections por Heloiza G. Herscovitz1 Ayatollah Khomeini: The changing face of Islam por Rob Leurs 25 O lugar da participação dos cidadãos nos media: o caso do pro- grama ‘Banda Ampla’ da TV3 da Catalunha por Fábio Ribeiro 47 Signs, Systems and Complexity of Transmedia Storytelling por Renira Rampazzo Gambarato 69 O papel do design no estabelecimento de contratos de leitura de jornais impressos: um estudo sobre a reforma gráfica de 2010 da Folha de S. Paulo (Brasil) por Ana Gruszynski 85 The Greek Indignants through the domestic TV news bulletins por Anastasia Veneti, Stamatis Poulakidakos, Kostas Theologou 107 Convergência, transmídia e excedente cognitivo na Ocupação da USP por Thiago Soares, Allysson Viana Martins 135 Radiodifusão pública: um desafio conceitual na América Latina por Nelia R. Del Bianco, Carlos Eduardo Esch, Sonia Virgínia Moreira 155 i i i i i i i i i Renacer: análisis sobre un periódico de la comunidad boliviana en Argentina por Gerardo Halpern, Luciano Beccaría 183 Big Data, Jornalismo Computacional e Data Journalism: estru- tura, pensamento e prática profissional na Web de dados por Walter Teixeira Lima Junior 207 La idea de objetividad de los periodistas dentro de la cultura per- iodística de España y Suiza: Objectivity in journalistic cultures of Spain and Switzerland por Martín Oller Alonso, Katrin Meier 223 O poder simbólico e argumentativo do discurso em programas jor- nalísticos de televisão por Paulo Eduardo Silva Lins Cajazeira 255 Internet e Cidadania nas periferias do Rio de Janeiro por Marco Schneider 279 As políticas tecnológicas para a educação e a literacia digital: o caso do programa governamental ‘e.escolinha’ por Sara Pereira, Ana Melro 293 Avenida Brasil: o popular como pós-modernismo televisivo por Maria Beatriz Furtado Rahde, Roberto Tietzmann, Cristiane Fin- ger Costa, Beatriz Dorfman 325 Identidades Nacionais e Cinema: Uma recensão crítica do livro Directory of World Cinema: Spain por Isabel Macedo 343 Marketing, recepção e crítica cinematográfica na era digital por Liliana Pacheco 351 Representações da deficiência na imprensa portuguesa: hegemo- nia e emancipação por Patrícia Neca, Paula Castro 367 ii i i i i i i i i Online Coverage of the 2010 Brazilian Presidential Elections Heloiza G. Herscovitz California State University, United States of America E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A framing analysis of mainstream on- owners marked the Brazilian online cov- line organizations and their bloggers and erage blurring the lines between the pri- columnists on the 2010 Brazilian Pres- vate and the public, exactly in the same idential Elections revealed that framing way that outgoing President Lula da Silva do have the potential to expose ideo- acted during the presidential campaign. logical elements on how the media po- Journalism status quo emerged as a main sition themselves in the public sphere. topic in the coverage as a free press un- Thematic and episodic frames dominated der attack quickly reacted with rage caus- the news with a special focus on press ing a rift between news organizations freedom, social and economic problems, that criticized the outgoing president and corruption and abortion. The main- those that supported him. Furthermore, stream media focused their coverage on a popular president apparently unaffected the Workers’ Party employing primarily by corruption scandals and the country’s a critical/ adversarial tone as opposed most powerful media groups confronted to an interpretive analysis tone. Profes- each other in an exhaustive and unfin- sional ideology mixed with political pref- ished battle. erences both by journalists and media Keywords: framing, professional ideology, press freedom, election coverage, critical/adversarial tone. RAZIL held general elections on Oct. 3, 2010, followed by a presidential B run-off 28 days later as the country celebrated 25 years of democracy and over 15 years of Internet. During the campaign, the media produced a highly polarized and contentious coverage of the two major political parties, sometimes offering conflicting versions of events, issues and the candidates’ views depending on both the media groups and on the journalists’ political preferences. The coverage took place amid a wave of rumors and scandals of Estudos em Comunicação nº 12, 1-23 Dezembro de 2012 i i i i i i i i 2 Heloiza G. Herscovitz corruption and nepotism involving the govern of the outgoing president Lula da Silva, who left power after eight years with an 87 percent rate of popular approval – the highest in Brazilian history (Baiocchi, Braathen & Teixeira, 2012). On October 3, 136 million people voted for the three major candidates: Dilma Rousseff, of the Workers’ Party (PT), received 35.2 percent of the votes (48 million); Jose Serra, of the Party of Brazilian Social Democracy (PSDB), received 24.2 percent (33 million), and Marina Silva, of the Green Party (PV), 14.7 percent (20 million). On the second round, Brazil elected its first female president, Dilma Rousseff, with 56 percent of the votes (55.7 million) while her runner -up, Jose Serra of PSDB, received 43.9 percent (43.7 million). Known as the “land of the future” since Austrian journalist and novelist Stefan Zweig (1941) published his book on Brazil, the country has pursued an ambiguous path toward democracy with relative success helped by an upward economic development trend since the country’s redemocratization with the end of the military rule (1964-1985). Despite the entrenched social inequali- ties, poverty, corruption and lack of urban infrastructure, Brazil has invested heavily on telecommunication services to become the fifth country in Internet use in 2011. The quick adoption of new technologies favored the expansion of online journalism, which has attracted the attention of a new generation of young readers and voters who are avid users of social media websites as well. Taking advantage of this extraordinary context and hoping to fill a