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Tesis De Grado Valentina Blandon 201511522 Reconstrucción científica del Macizo Devónico de Floresta, ilustrada en un diorama. Por Valentina Blandón Hurtado 201511522 Director Dr. Leslie F. Noè Uniandes Co director Dr. Jaime Reyes Abril S.G.C. Universidad de los Andes Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Geociencias Bogotá, Colombia Noviembre 2019 Leslie F. Noè Jaime A. Reyes Valentina Blandón Hurtado II Tabla de contenido Dedicación .................................................................................................................................V Agradecimiento ..........................................................................................................................V Resumen ...................................................................................................................................VI Abstract ...................................................................................................................................VII Introducción ................................................................................................................................1 Metodología y Materiales ...........................................................................................................5 Resultados y Discusiones ...........................................................................................................7 Devónico Inferior – Formación El Tibet ....................................................................................7 Descripción organismos Formación El Tibet .........................................................................8 Devónico Medio – Formación Floresta ....................................................................................11 Descripción especies de la Formación Floresta ...................................................................12 1.Braquiópodos ...............................................................................................................12 I. Leptaena boyaca .................................................................................................12 II.Brachyspirifer palmerae ....................................................................................14 III.Chonetes ...........................................................................................................15 2. Antozoos .....................................................................................................................16 I. Tetracoralarios ..................................................................................................16 3. Crinoideos ...................................................................................................................17 I. Bogotacrinus scheibei .......................................................................................17 4. Bryozoa .......................................................................................................................19 I. Fenestella sp ......................................................................................................19 5. Molusca....................................................................................................................... 20 I. Palaeoneilo sp ...................................................................................................20 III II. Actinopteria sp ..................................................................................................21 III.Gasterópodos y cefalópodos .............................................................................23 6. Trilobites .....................................................................................................................24 I. Phacops .............................................................................................................24 II. Dalmanites ........................................................................................................25 Devónico Superior - Formación Cuche ....................................................................................27 Descripción especies Formación Cuche ..............................................................................28 1. Quitinozoos. ................................................................................................................28 2. Peces ...........................................................................................................................29 I. Antiarcos ...........................................................................................................29 II. Artrodiros ..........................................................................................................30 III.Porolepiformes.................................................................................................. 31 4. Plantas. ........................................................................................................................33 I. Archaeopteris. ...................................................................................................33 Conclusiones .............................................................................................................................35 Propuesta para infogramas ........................................................................................................36 Referencias ...............................................................................................................................37 IV Dedicación Dedico este Proyecto de tesis a las personas que más amo: a mis padres Rigoberto y Gladys y a mi hermana Vannessa. Agradezco a ellos por su incondicional apoyo y amor que me permite ponerme retos y no dudar de mis capacidades, necesarias para completar esta retadora etapa, ya que siempre me dieron el cariño y las palabras alentadoras para que yo misma creyera que soy capaz con todos los retos que la vida me pone. Quiero también agradecer a mi amiga Va- nessa Rodríguez, quien me acompañó durante largas jornadas de estudio y me animaba a mantenerme siempre enfocada. Agradecimiento Agradezco a los profesores Leslie Noè y Jaime Reyes por siempre resolver mis dudas, por su atención y apoyo incondicional y por brindarme la mejor asesoría gracias a su increíble expe- riencia y espíritu de servicio. Asimismo, agradezco a mis padres y hermana por motivarme para lograr la exitosa culminación de este proyecto y por respaldarme siempre, sobre todo en momentos críticos a lo largo de mis estudios. De igual manera agradezco a Marcela Gómez del Servicio Geológico Colombiano, quien siempre estuvo atenta a cualquier duda que tuviera y dio las pautas para mi proyecto. También doy gracias a Andrés, ya que por sus capacidades artísticas mi proyecto se va a lograr ver reflejado de manera innovadora para que la informa- ción científica llegue al público en general. V Resumen El objetivo del presente trabajo es Desarrollar el marco teórico científico de un diorama inter- activo, del Devónico Inferior, Medio y Superior del Macizo de Floresta, que permita una di- vulgación eficiente a públicos en general, reconstruyendo la paleofauna, paleoflora y paleo- ambientes del Macizo de Floresta, Boyacá. Para lograr esto se va a reconocer la fauna y flora presente en Floresta en el periodo Devónico en tres unidades, en la época Inferior, Medio y Superior. De igual manera se va a generar la parte teórica de un diorama interactivo para que posteriormente diseñadores de la Universidad Nacional construyan el diseño del diorama, res- petando la escala y características de la fauna y flora del Devónico. Por otra parte, se van a obtener los elementos principales de una infografía para cada una de las tres épocas del De- vónico que complemente el diorama llevado acabo, teniendo en cuenta qué está dirigido al público y con las indicaciones dadas por el Museo Geológico Nacional José Royo Gómez. VI Abstract The objective of this paper is to develop the theoretical scientific framework of an interactive diorama, of the Lower, Middle and Upper Devonian of the Massif of Floresta, that allows an efficient dissemination to the general public, reconstructing the paleofauna, paleoflora and paleoenvironment of the Massif of Floresta, Boyacá. To achieve this, the fauna and flora pre- sent in Floresta in the Devonian period will be recognized in three units, in the Lower, Middle and Upper Period. In the same way, the theoretical part of an interactive diorama will be gene- rated so that later designers of the National University can design the diorama, respecting the scale and characteristics of the fauna and flora of the Devonian. On the other hand, there will be obtained the main elements of an infographic for each of the three epochs of Devonian that complements the diorama carried out, taking into account what is addressed to the public and with the indications given by the National Geological Museum José Royo Gómez. VII VIII IX Introducción El Devónico es un periodo geológico con un inicio hace 410 millones de años y culminó hace 360 millones de años atrás (Cohen et al., 2018). Geológicamente las rocas del Devónico en Colombia se exponen principalmente en la Cordillera Oriental y la Sierra de Perijá, con lito- logías dominantes de shales, limolitas y areniscas finas y medias, y un espesor variable de 200 m a 800 m (Mojica y Virraroel, 1984). En el Macizo de Floresta la base del Devónico es una inconformidad angular sobre rocas ígneas y metamórficas del basamento metamórfico del Macizo de Floresta. Continuando, su tope es una conformidad con las rocas Jurásicas, cabe
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