Indian Journal of Science 2319–7749 an International Journal
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IndianANALYSIS Journal of AScienceRTICLE , Vol. 23, No. 81, May 1, 2016 ANALYSIS ISSN 2319–7730 EISSN Indian Journal of Science 2319–7749 An International Journal Microbial Assay of Street Foods in Vijayawada Saritha N1, Varalakshmi KN2 1. HOD, Department of Microbiology, Sri Durga Malleswara Siddhartha Mahila Kalasala, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India 2. HOD, Department of Applied Nutrition, Sri Durga Malleswara Siddhartha MahilKalasala, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India Publication History Received: 17 March 2016 Accepted: 23 April 2016 Published: 1 May 2016 Citation Saritha N, Varalakshmi KN. Microbial Assay of Street Foods in Vijayawada. Indian Journal of Science, 2016, 23(81), 441-446 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Note Article is recommended to print as digital color version in recycled paper. ABSTRACT Food vending in streets in India pertains to unorganised sector of food processing where some times poor hygiene and inappropriate sanitation may cause contamination of food products with serious health consequences .where the microbial assay plays the major role to ensure food safety and quality. The present study was carried out by starting with survey of street food counters in selected zones of vijayawada to gather selected street food from well identified street food centres for microbial analysis. Street foods taken are Panipuri, Noodles, Chat, Punugulu and chutney, Jelabi, Sugarcane Juice. Analysis of food samples revealed that the street food has stable standard plate counts weighing in between 6-15x cfu/gm and coli forms varying between 5- 15x cfu/gm and staphylococcus and vibrio cholera almost absent in many of the samples but in chat sample alone the staphylococcus count was in between 14-17x cfu/gm. Noodles and sugar cane juice has traces of vibrio cholera count varying from 5-15x cfu/gm. But all the samples are highly contaminated with salmonella counts ranging from 26-75x cfu/gm. The presence of microorganisms indicated contamination of processing water ,raw materials as well as the prevailing unhygienic 441 Saritha and Varalakshmi, Page Microbial Assay of Street Foods in Vijayawada, Indian Journal of Science, 2016, 23(81), 441-446, www.discoveryjournals.com © 2016 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved ANALYSIS ARTICLE conditions related to location of food stalls and especially in road side locations and near gutters. It is suggested that proper hygienic and sanitary conditions has to maintain both personally and institutionally. A continuous monitoring in each activity i.e. from preparation to cleaning is required in street food centres to avoid any food borne pathogenic out breaks in future. Key words: street foods, hygienic practices, food safety, Microorganisms. Abbreviations: CFU- Colony forming units 1. INTRODUCTION Food is an indispensible part of human life and so is the concept of street food in India. Street foods are not only inexpensive, convenient, a source of employment generation to a large population in developing countries like India. It also plays an important role as an enhancer and force multiplayer of tourism sector all over the world. Food vending on streets in India pertains to unorganised sector of food processing where sometimes poor hygiene and inappropriate sanitation may cause contamination of food products with serious health consequences where the nutritive and microbial assay plays the major role to ensure food safety and quality of foods entering international trade FAO states (2013) that as an ‘informal ‘sector of food business, street food often escape formal inspection and control. They can therefore be the sources of food safety problems and contribute to the deterioration of environmental hygiene. Street foods require a comprehensive policy to ensure that food is safe and wholesome. Over view of the area of study The area of study chosen is Vijayawada situated on the banks of river Krishna and also a major pilgrimage centre for pilgrims of goddess kanakadurga all over India. Because of its central location people from different parts of Andhra Pradesh and India pass by Vijayawada and most of them feed on street foods where its safety and nutrition is a matter of serious concern. According to 2011 census Vijayawada occupied top 4th place in cities with more slum dwellers who consume more street food as it is inexpensive. Some of them also opt street vending as their means of livelihood and are completely unaware of food safety measures and hygienic practices. So the project aims at conducting a case study by collecting random samples of street foods in Vijayawada and doing microbial assay and suggesting safety measures to food handlers and consumers after the microbial assay 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study was carried out by starting with survey of street food counters in selected zones of vijaya wada (Labbipet-central , Patamata-east, Krishna lanka-South, Nunna-north, Kothapeta-west) to gather selected street food and get the first hand information on the hygiene and sanitation conditions followed through questionnaire. Ten percent (out of 100 street food centres 10 centres) of well identified street food centres were taken for microbial analysis by collecting food samples. Ten samples of each street food taken are-Panipuri, Noodles,Chat, Punugulu and chutney , Jelabi and Sugarcane Juice. Collection of samples Sample is collected from five prime zones of Vijayawada Nunna (North Zone), Labbipet (central),Kotha peta(West Zone), patamata (East), Krishna lanka(south). Ten samples of each selected street food from each zone are taken. The samples are collected from street food centers with 15 days interval period. All the samples were aseptically collected in sterile containers, and analysed within an hour of procurement. Sample processing for analysis Ten grams of sample (Pani puri, Noodles, Chat, Punugulu and chutney, Jelabi) was weighed and homogenized with 90 ml sterile distil water using mortar and pestle. One ml of sugarcane juice is diluted in 9ml of sterile distil water and mixed well to obtain dilution. Serial dilutions were prepared for each sample and spread plate technique was used on appropriate selective media. Analysis The serially diluted samples were inoculated on nutrient agar medium for standard plate count and Mannitol salt agar medium for Staphylococcus aureus the causative organism of food poisoning and EMB agar medium for coli forms, TCBS medium for Vibrio cholera and DCA medium for Salmonella typhi. The colony count in each plate is taken using colony counter. Gram staining was done for each sample to identify the Gram nature. 3. RESULTS 442 Saritha and Varalakshmi, Page Microbial Assay of Street Foods in Vijayawada, Indian Journal of Science, 2016, 23(81), 441-446, www.discoveryjournals.com © 2016 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved ANALYSIS ARTICLE The results depicted in table showed the street food has stable standard plate counts weighing in between 6-15x cfu/gm and coli forms varying between 5x15x cfu/gm and staphylococcus and vibrio cholera almost absent in many of the samples but in chat sample alone the staphylococcus count was in between 14-17x cfu/gm.Noodles and sugar cane juice has traces of vibrio cholera count varying from 5-15x cfu/gm.But all the samples are highly contaminated with salmonella counts ranging from 26- 75x cfu/gm. Table 1 Mean Microbial profile of selected street food in and around Vijayawada (East) cfu/gm Name of the Patamata-east street food SPC Salmonella Coliforms S.aureus V.cholera Punugulu 15x 26 x 16x Ab Ab &chutney Jelabi 5x 25x 5x Ab Ab Noodles 17x 44x 5x Ab 5x chat 19x 43x 5x 4x Ab panipuri 15x 30x 14x Ab Ab Sugarcane 24x 74x 14x Ab 6x juice Table 2 Mean Microbial profile of selected street food in Vijayawada (South)) cfu/gm Name of the street food Krishna lanka-South SPC Salmonella Coliforms S.aureus V.cholera Punugulu &chutney 12x 24x 23x Ab Ab Jelabi 14x 34x 6x Ab Ab Noodles 18x 55x 12x Ab 8x chat 25x 55x 14x 16x Ab panipuri 15x 30x 15x Ab Ab Sugarcane juice 25x 75x 15x Ab 14x Table 3 Mean Microbial profile of selected street food in and around Vijayawada (west) cfu/gm Name of the Kothapeta-west street food SPC Salmonella Coliforms S.aureus V.cholera Punugulu 20x 34x 24x Ab Ab 443 Saritha and Varalakshmi, Page Microbial Assay of Street Foods in Vijayawada, Indian Journal of Science, 2016, 23(81), 441-446, www.discoveryjournals.com © 2016 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved ANALYSIS ARTICLE &chutney Jelabi 14x 34x 15x Ab Ab Noodles 25x 55x 22x Ab 9x chat 25x 55x 14x 15x Ab panipuri 17x 33x 13x Ab Ab Sugarcane 23x 75x 14x Ab 15x juice Table 4 Mean Microbial profile of selected street food in Vijayawada (Central) cfu/gm Name of the street Labbipet-central food SPC DCA EMB MSA TCBS Punugulu &chutney 6x 25x 15x Ab Ab Jelabi 9x 15x 5x Ab Ab Noodles 15x 45x 6x Ab 6x chat 21x 43x 5x 15x Ab panipuri 14x 29x 13x Ab Ab Sugarcane juice 16x 65x 6x Ab 15x Table 5 Mean Microbial profile of selected street food in and around Vijayawada (North) cfu/gm Name of the street food Nunna-north SPC Salmonella Coliforms S.aureus V.cholera Punugulu &chutney 14x 35 x 25x Ab Ab Jelabi 16x 35x 15x Ab Ab Noodles 21x 54x 18x Ab 10x chat 24x 64x 11x 17x Ab panipuri 20x 34x 14x Ab Ab Sugarcane juice 26x 72x 14x Ab 15x 4. DISCUSSION The present investigation reveals high microbial load in the street food studied. The microbial contaminants consist of comprising different pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, coli forms and vibrio cholera. Street food is 444 prepared by the vendors at home or at the road side; Vendor’s sites are mostly within five metres radius of dusty roads and foot Saritha and Varalakshmi, Page Microbial Assay of Street Foods in Vijayawada, Indian Journal of Science, 2016, 23(81), 441-446, www.discoveryjournals.com © 2016 Discovery Publication.