Preparation for Practice Introducing Culture Participant Manual
PC1200 Introducing Culture
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Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) Contents
PC1200 Introduction 3 PC1200 Introducing Culture Pre-Session Survey 5 PC1201-1 Cultural Concepts - Cultural Response 6 PC1201-1 Learning Activity 9 PC1201-2 Cultural Concepts - Cross Cultural Interaction 10 PC1201-2 Learning Activity 12 PC1202-1 Cultural Pathways - Cultural Awareness 13 PC1202-1 Learning Activity 17 PC1202-2 Cultural Pathway - Cultural Capability 18 PC1202-2 Learning Activity 22 PC1200 Theory to Practice Activity 23 PC1200 Introducing Culture Quiz 25 PC1201-1 Learning Activity Feedback 27 PC1201-2 Learning Activity Feedback 28 PC1202-1 Learning Activity Feedback 29 PC1202-2 Learning Activity Feedback 30 PC1200 Quiz Feedback 31 PC1200 Introducing Culture Post-Session Survey 33 PC1200 Cultural Considerations References 34
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 2 PC1200 Introduction
Session Overview
Welcome to PaRROT course PC1200 Preparation to Practice - Introducing Culture. This course discusses the process of developing culturally safe practice from understanding cultural response, to being familiar with cross cultural interaction and developing cultural awareness.
Introduction
Culture defines what we think, what we say and what we do. This includes our own beliefs, values and philosophies. In rural and remote areas this is especially pertinent as not only are we working with and providing services for, but in many cases we are working in a community with a different culture to our own. In order to ensure our practice is appropriate we need to have skills and knowledge in cultural safety and awareness
This session reminds us of the importance of ensuring we practice in a culturally safe way. Although cultural safety is very much about our dealings with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients, communities and co-workers, the principles of it are as applicable for our multicultural clients, communities and co-workers.
Developing culturally safe practice includes understanding cultural response, being familiar with cross cultural interaction and having cultural awareness. These steps are essential and we need to take the time to reflect on our own customs, be aware of our values and beliefs, and understand how these impacts on our dealings with people of other cultures.
Learning Objectives On completion of this session participants will:
• Define the concepts of - Culture clash - Cultural conflict - Cultural shock - Cultural relativism
• Discuss the following components of cross-cultural interaction - Positive interaction - Obstacles - Personal factors
• Discuss and define the steps on the pathway to cultural capability including - Cultural awareness - Cultural sensitivity - Cultural safety - Cultural competence
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 3 Modules
The first module introduces the concept of cultural response, module two reviews and discusses cross cultural interaction, the third module defines cultural awareness and the fourth and final module discusses cultural safety.
Pre-Session Survey
Before you commence, we ask you to complete a quick survey to identify current knowledge base. This will provide a baseline you can refer to once you have completed this topic.
Quiz
Once you have completed the modules in this topic, you are asked to complete an interactive quiz which is graded. Answers can be found at the back of this manual.
Post Session Survey
When you have completed this session, we ask you to complete another quick survey to determine if we have met your learning needs.
Certificate
The final section is the completion of a personalised certificate which provides evidence ofyour training. If you complete this course using the manual only, you will need to email it to parrot.contact@ health.qld.gov.au. Your certificate will be issued on receipt of the completed manual. Included on this is the average time the session takes which can be used for professional development points.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 4 PC1200 - Introducing Culture Pre-Session Survey
Before you commence this session we ask you to take a few moments to complete the pre-session survey for this topic. This will give us some indication what your learning needs might be.
At the end of this session we will also ask you to complete another survey to see how well we have met your needs.
Please indicate the degree to which you agree to the following, by ticking the box most relevant. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree I understand the concepts of culture clash, cultural conflict, cultural shock and cultural relativism I can define the concepts associated with cross-cultural interactions I can define the concept of cultural awareness and discuss the pathway to cultural capability I can discuss the components of culturally safe practice
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 5 PC1201-1 Cultural Concepts - Cultural Response
Introducing Culture
Rural and remote communities, like most communities in Australia, consists of persons from a number of cultural backgrounds.
There are also a large number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural groups in the rural and remote setting.
People intending to work in this setting need to have some understanding of the influences culture will have on their interactions in these communities.
This module provides information to assist the person planning on working in rural and remote Australia to understand the levels of cultural response including:
• Culture clash • Culture conflict • Culture shock • Culture relativism
Learning Objectives
On completion of this module participants will be able to:
• Define the concepts of - culture clash - cultural conflict - cultural shock - cultural relativism
• Understand the link between these concepts and Cultural Awareness
What is Culture?
The concept of culture is defined by (Harris 1988: 122) as the “total socially acquired life-style of a group of people including patterned, repetitive ways of thinking, feeling and acting” or “the learned pattern of behaviour and thought and characteristic of a societal group” (Harris 1988: 596).
The experiences of health, diagnosis of disease and prognosis for treatment are all culturally shaped.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 6 The level of cultural clash depends on:
If people share or believe they share, similar values and beliefs.
When people from different cultures “look alike” and seem to “be alike”, culture clash is less likely to occur, than when people from different cultures “look different” or seem to “be different” culture clash is more likely.
When our own group becomes - US - and Strangers become - Them – cultural conflict can occur.
Culture Conflict
Culture conflict occurs when:
• Cultures find it difficult to understand each other and consequently difficult to adapt to one another • People do not share language, similar life styles and expectations, are not committed to similar goals and are not motivated by mutually understandable ambitions • People do not make decisions on the basis of similar principles and philosophies • When one cultural group has power over another, and imposes it’s systems and organisations and enforces its beliefs and values on the less powerful by violence or legislative sanctions.
Culture Shock
Any individual who has ever travelled, lived or worked with another cultural group has experienced some measure of culture shock.
A feeling of uneasiness, anxiety and stress which arises when suddenly all our familiar cues, language, interpersonal relationships, tastes and actions appear to be out of place, suspect or even inappropriate, and we must reassess our behaviours in the light of foreign expectations.
Culture shock commonly occurs when a health professional takes up a position in an area unlike the one they trained in.
Rural and remote areas create a level of culture shock for health professionals trained or educated in regional or metropolitan areas.
But, rural and remote, predominantly Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities can be particularly challenging for some as they are exposed to a different culture as well as a different lifestyle.
It is important to note that not all rural and remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are the same and one cannot assume that because they have worked in one community that they can work in all communities.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 7 Culture Relativism
All cultures are learned and shared products of how groups come to terms with their environments, their needs, wants, aspirations, hopes and fears.
A people’s culture is satisfying, appropriate and proper for them.
While our culture is right for us we should not believe that it is appropriate for others, better than those of others or that it is the only way to conceptualise the world;
Those who work with culturally different groups must therefore support a position of cultural relativism
Cultural relativism is an acceptance that different cultures represent the legitimate adaptation of different peoples to various historical, natural, social, economic, and political environments;
Although this is commendable we should not abandon our own traditions or philosophies.
We should suspend judgements about those things we do not understand and make a conscious effort to become skeptical of rash evaluation of what is “good” or “bad” for others.
Cultural Awareness
Cultural relativism is a first step to developing cultural awareness which is an understanding that cultural differences exist.
The next module in this session explores the concept of cultural awareness but does not replace Cultural Awareness training which is essential for all health practitioners.
Completion of Cultural Awareness training does not translate into cultural safety which requires a more complex process.
Guidelines for Terminology
These guidelines provide staff members with the appropriate terminology to use when working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and communities.
It should also be used in all relevant policy, planning, programs and resource development. http://www.vision6.com.au/download/files/32553/1447352/Guidelines%20Terminology.pdf
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 8 PC1201-1 Learning Activity
1. Match the terminology with its correct definition
Terminology Definition
When our group is US and another group is Cultural Awareness A THEM Cultures find it difficult to understand each Culture Clash B other A feeling of uneasiness or stress when Culture Conflict C familiar cues are absent Acceptance that different cultures are a Culture Shock D legitimate adaptation to different histories and environments
Culture Relativism E Understanding there are cultural differences
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 9 PC1201-2 Cultural Concepts - Cross Cultural Interaction
Learning Objectives
On completion of this module participants will be able to:
• Define the concept of cross cultural interactions including Positive interaction Obstacles Personal factors
• Discuss how these concepts relate to the development of cultural awareness
Cross-Cultural Interactions
The three aspects of cross cultural interaction are:
• Positive interactions where there is equal status and the interaction is pleasing • Obstacles which inhibit positive interactions and • Personal factors that impact on interactions
Positive Cross-Cultural Interaction
Positive cross cultural interaction is likely to occur:
• When there is equal status between members of ethnic groups, • When contact is between members of a majority and higher status members of a minority group • And when an authority and or the social climate are in favour of and promote the interaction
Positive cross cultural interactions are also more likely to occur:
• When the contact is of an intimate rather than of a casual nature, • The ethnic intergroup contact is pleasant or rewarding and • When the members of both groups in the contact situation interact in functionally important activities.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 10 Obstacles to Positive Cross-Cultural Interaction
Obstacles to positive cross cultural interactions are more likely to occur:
• When a health system has become highly institutionalised which includes being administered in isolation from issues related to personal, family and community care • There is a history of colonisation, scientific and institutional racism • Professional structures and demands overshadow and override client’s as well as care giver’s personal needs, • A philosophy and concept of health that is based on a bio-medical model which focuses on curative rather than holistic health.
These factors are evident in the Australian Health Care System which impacts on the ability of the health professional to provide truly holistic, client centred care.
Personal factors influencing Cross-Cultural Interactions
Our perception of, and attitudes towards cultural differences, our professional role, the power balance between the professional and client and change, all impact on our cross-cultural interactions.
This is why it is important for health practitioners to move through the process from cultural awareness, to cultural sensitivity and ultimately culturally safe practice.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 11 PC1201-2 Learning Activity
1. Match to factors impacting with the aspect of cross-cultural interaction
Aspect Match Factors Impacting
A Positive interactions Equal status between players
B Obstacles to interaction History of colonisation
Personal perception of the power C Personal factors balance
2. A positive cross-cultural interaction is more likely to occur when
Tick Choice
The social climate favours and promotes the interaction
Contact is intimate rather than casual
The health system is institutionalised
There is a biomedical approach to care
Interaction occurs at important activities
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 12 PC1202-1 Cultural Pathways - Cultural Awareness
Introduction
A cultural pathway finds legitimacy in the positive experience of the learner; it is a journey of continuous life-long learning, not a destination.
The learnings along the way support culturally safe services and meets the needs and expectations of culturally diverse groups.
Completing this journey is an essential element for all health practitioners to ensure the provision of culturally safe and appropriate health services.
Learning Objectives
On completion of this module participants will be able to:
• Define cultural awareness • Discuss the steps from cultural ignorance to cultural awareness including - Unconscious incompetence or blissful ignorance. - Conscious incompetence or troubling ignorance - Conscious competence or deliberate sensitivity - Unconscious competence or spontaneous sensitivity
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 13 What is cultural awareness?
Culture can be visualized as an iceberg … 10% of it is visible above the water and is most evident in our behaviors.
The 90% hidden under the water includes assumptions, values, and beliefs that drive behaviours.
Because these factors are not evident on the surface, we cannot truly under- stand what forms the basis of another’s behaviour.
Cross-cultural awareness is a devel- oped sense of the impact that cultural background and differences have on our social interactions.
It implies a commitment to creating an environment that supports members of underrepresented groups, encourages multiculturalism and continuous learning about ourselves and others.
Stages of Cultural Awareness
There is a stepped process towards cultural awareness from being unaware of cultural differences to accepting the cultural differences without thinking about them.
The steps in the process include:
• Unconscious incompetence or blissful ignorance. • Conscious incompetence or troubling ignorance • Conscious competence or deliberate sensitivity • Unconscious competence or spontaneous sensitivity. It takes little effort now for individuals to be culturally sensitive.*
* This paradigm is based on work by William Howell. (cinfo 2011)
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 14 Unconscious Incompetence
Unconscious incompetence: This has also been called the state of blissful ignorance. At this stage, individuals are unaware of cultural differences.
It does not occur to them that they may be making cultural mistakes or misinterpreting behaviour. There is no reason not to trust intuition.
Conscious Incompetence
Conscious incompetence occurs when individuals realize that differences exist between the way they and others behave.
They understand very little about what these differences are, how numerous they might be, or how deep they might go.
A person knows there’s a potential problem, but are unsure of its extent.
They are not sure of their instincts, and realize that there are some things they don’t understand.
People may start to worry about how hard it’s going to be to figure things out
Conscious Competence
Conscious competence is when individuals know cultural differences exist, and what some of these differences are.
They try to adjust behaviours accordingly. It doesn’t come naturally and they have to make a conscious effort to behave in culturally appropriate ways, but they are much more aware of how their behaviour is affecting people from other cultures.
Individuals are in the process of replacing old instincts with new ones, they know that they will be able to figure it out if they can remain objective.
Unconscious Competence
Unconscious competence is said to occur when individuals no longer have to think about what they’re doing in order to do the right thing.
Culturally appropriate behaviour is second nature and individuals can trust their instincts because they have been reconditioned by the new culture.
It takes little effort for individuals to be culturally sensitive.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 15 Steps to Cultural Safety
Once cultural awareness has been established, a health professional needs to further move through the steps that take them to cultural capability.
These steps are discussed in the final module of this session.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 16 PC1202-1 Learning Activity
1. List the steps to cultural awareness from culturally unaware to cultural awareness
Order Choice
Conscious Incompetence
Unconscious Competence
Unconscious Incompetence
Conscious Competence
2. Being culturally aware is the same as being culturally safe
Tick Choice
True
False
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 17 PC1202-2 - Cultural Pathway - Cultural Capability
Learning Objectives
On completion of this module participants will be able to:
• Discuss the concepts of • Cultural awareness • Cultural sensitivity • Cultural safety • Cultural competence
Discuss the cultural competency continuum and the process of developing a culturally safe approach to practice.
Cultural Safety
Cultural safety was first defined by Irihapeti Ramsden, a Maori nurse in the late 1980’s.
Cultural Safety is a social justice approach to health care that acknowledges past injustices and works towards a process of respect and acceptance of cultural differences.
This process translates into appropriate and acceptable safe client centred care.
Cultural safety is a philosophy of health care that aims to improve the health of all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people’s in First World colonised countries by providing culturally appropriate health care services.
Principles
The principles of cultural safety include:
• Partnerships that genuinely value and support participation • Participation that is full, equitable and respectful • Protection of identity and culture
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 18 Towards Cultural Safety
The steps to achieving Cultural Safety in health practice are extremely important. It takes time, reflection, a questioning of our personal values and beliefs and an acceptance that it is ok to be different and it is something to celebrate and respect.
The process of developing culturally safe practice requires individuals to:
• Reflect on personal attitudes, values, and beliefs. • Develop cultural awareness through understanding and acknowledging that there is a cultural difference • Develop cultural sensitivity which includes understanding, accepting, respecting and validating the cultural difference • Ensure cultural safety by providing a service that is defined as being safe BY the recipients of that service
Cultural Awareness
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultural awareness training has been a main approach by organisations to teaching about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culture but this is insufficient to ensure a culturally safe environment.
It is important to understand what Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have experienced through the history of colonisation and the public policy that has been so damaging to the population.
Health professionals need to take time to consider the impacts of this history and understand how it has evolved into the issues of today.
This understanding and acknowledgement of the issues provides the basis for relationships with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people which must then evolve into a mutually respectful partnership that supports full participation of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population.
Cultural Sensitivity
Cultural Sensitivity legitimises cultural difference through understanding, accepting, respecting and validating the difference.
Becoming culturally sensitive requires a process of self-exploration, introspection, and personal transformation that helps clarify the formation of beliefs and values.
This process clarifies how life experiences impact upon others and helps define how personal beliefs, values and attitudes, when imposed on others, can have a negative impact.
Understanding this about oneself is an essential component of the reflection and self-exploration.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 19 Cultural Safety
Cultural safety requires respect and acceptance of cultural and individual differences between and within cultures.
Unsafe cultural practice is any action that diminishes, demeans or disempowers the cultural identity and well being of an individual.
Towards Cultural Capability
Cultural safety in practice also requires a service that supports:
• Cultural competence which occurs when health providers provide the best possible care for all clients and work productively with colleagues • Cultural Capability , which ensures individual have a range of skills, knowledge and behaviour that holds culture in high esteem which supports culturally safe services.
Cultural Competence
Cultural competence is the ability to interact effectively with people across different cultures. It has four components:
• Awareness of one’s own cultural worldview (assumptions, biases) • A positive attitude towards cultural differences • Knowledge of different cultural practices and worldviews • Cross-cultural communication skills
Cultural competence is a set of … behaviours, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals to enable them to work effectively in cross-cultural situations.
Culturally competent health care providers provide the best possible care for all their clients and work in the most productive way with all their colleagues.
A person who is culturally competent can work sensitively and effectively with people who have different languages, cultures, religions, genders, ethnicities, disabilities, ages and sexualities.
This is what individuals must strive to achieve if they are to provide safe and effective health care services across the rural and remote and primary health care setting.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 20 Cultural Capability
Culturally Capability refers to the range of skills, knowledge and behaviour that holds culture in high esteem, therefore supporting the culturally safe services that meet needs and expectations of culturally diverse groups.
Indigenous health researchers in Australia are well aware of the concept of cultural capability (security).
Security can be defined as: “the capacity / capability of a society to conserve its specific character in spite of changing conditions and real or virtual threats:
more precisely, it involves the permanence of traditional schemas of language, culture, associations, identity and national or religious practices, allowing for changes that are judged to be acceptable.
Culturally safe practice
Understanding, and having an open, honest and respectful relationship with the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population is insufficient to ensure culturally safe practice.
It is also important to be aware of the culturally significant practices of the community which will prepare health professionals to adopt these practices when working with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. This includes the adoption of strategies, including communication, cultural rules and acceptance of traditional practices.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 21 PC1202-2 Learning Activity
1. Match the stages of cultural practice with their definition
Stage Definition
Ability to work sensitively and effectively with 1 Cultural Safety people of different cultures Understanding and acknowledging cultural 2 Cultural Competence differences
3 Cultural Awareness Legitimising cultural differences
Safe service delivery as defined by the recipients 4 Cultural Sensitivity of the service
2. Which of the following are aspects of cultural competence
Tick Choice
Effective cross cultural communication skills
Understanding and articulating cultural differences
Legitimising cultural differences
Providing culturally safe service
Awareness of one’s world view and how it impacts on service provision
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 22 PC1200 - Theory to Practice Activity
This is a personal reflection – so there are no examples of answers. The intent of this activity is to reinforce that all humans have values and customs that will impact on their life. Understanding your own customs and values and acknowledging they may be different from others is a first step in the process from cultural awareness to cultural competence.
1. Write down two values and two customs you learnt in your childhood. Some possibilities are traditions like birthdays, Christmas, going to church, parents’ work ethic, the importance parents placed on education etc
1.1 How did they differ from your best friends?
2. How have your values or customs impacted on the way you deal with people from another culture?
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 23 This is a personal reflection and answers will vary. Health professionals need to ensure they are aware of the stage they are at and understand what their next steps will be. Information on this can be found throughout course – learners should review this session if they are unsure of their answer.
3. What stage of the process to cultural safety do you think you are at
4. What steps do you need to take to arrive at a level of cultural safety?
The theory to practice activity provides an opportunity for learners to apply what they have learned in this session to their daily practice.
This activity is not graded, but feedback will be provided after submission.
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 24 PC1200 Introducing Culture Quiz
1. What is the likely outcome when people identify themselves as US and another cultural group as THEM?
2. Which of the following is true culture conflict?
Tick Response
Cultures find it difficult to understand each other
A sense of uneasiness when familiar cues appear out of place
Accepting the legitimacy of other cultures
When one group has power over another
A person feels the need to reassess their behaviour
3. Obstacles to positive cross-cultural interactions are likely to occur when
Tick Response
Professional structures over ride personal needs
An environment of acceptance pervades
There is a history of institutional racism
Group members are working toward a common goal
An unequal power balance exists
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 25 Please complete the following statements by filling in the blank spaces.
4. If a person is unaware of cultural differences they are perceived to be at the or stage of cultural awareness.
5. If a person knows cultural differences exist, and what some of them are they are perceived to be at the or stage of cultural awareness.
6. Which of the following statements define cultural safety?
Tick Response
Respect for cultural and individual differences
Diminishing the cultural identity of an individual
Full, equitable and respectful participation in decision making
An act which disempowers a person of a different culture
Partnerships which value and support participation
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 26 PC1201-1 Learning Activity Feedback
1. Match the terminology with its correct definition
Terminology Definition
When our group is US and another group is E Cultural Awareness A THEM Cultures find it difficult to understand each A Culture Clash B other A feeling of uneasiness or stress when B Culture Conflict C familiar cues are absent Acceptance that different cultures are a C Culture Shock D legitimate adaptation to different histories and environments
D Culture Relativism E Understanding there are cultural differences
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 27 PC1201-2 Learning Activity Feedback
1. Match to factors impacting with the aspect of cross-cultural interaction
Aspect Match Factors Impacting
A Positive interactions A Equal status between players
B Obstacles to interaction B History of colonisation
Personal perception of the power bal- C Personal factors C ance
2. A positive cross-cultural interaction is more likely to occur when
Tick Choice
The social climate favours and promotes the interaction
Contact is intimate rather than casual
The health system is institutionalised
There is a biomedical approach to care
Interaction occurs at important activities
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 28 PC1202-1 Learning Activity Feedback
1. List the steps to cultural awareness from culturally unaware to cultural awareness
Order Choice
2 Conscious Incompetence
4 Unconscious Competence
1 Unconscious Incompetence
3 Conscious Competence
2. Being culturally aware is the same as being culturally safe
Tick Choice
True
False
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 29 PC1202-2 Learning Activity Feedback
1. Match the stages of cultural practice with their definition
Stage Definition
Ability to work sensitively and effectively with 1 Cultural Safety 2 people of different cultures Understanding and acknowledging cultural 2 Cultural Competence 3 differences
3 Cultural Awareness 4 Legitimising cultural differences
Safe service delivery as defined by the recipients 4 Cultural Sensitivity 1 of the service
2. Which of the following are aspects of cultural competence
Tick Choice
Effective cross cultural communication skills
Understanding and articulating cultural differences
Legitimising cultural differences
Providing culturally safe service
Awareness of one’s world view and how it impacts on service provision
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 30 PC1200 Quiz Feedback
1. What is the likely outcome when people identify themselves as US and another cultural group as THEM?
Culture Conflict
2. Which of the following is true culture conflict?
Tick Response
Cultures find it difficult to understand each other
A sense of uneasiness when familiar cues appear out of place
Accepting the legitimacy of other cultures
When one group has power over another
A person feels the need to reassess their behaviour
3. Obstacles to positive cross-cultural interactions are likely to occur when
Tick Response
Professional structures over ride personal needs
An environment of acceptance pervades
There is a history of institutional racism
Group members are working toward a common goal
An unequal power balance exists
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 31 Please complete the following statements by filling in the blank spaces.
4. If a person is unaware of cultural differences they are perceived to be at the unconscious competence or blissful ignorance stage of cultural awareness.
5. If a person knows cultural differences exist, and what some of them are they are perceived to be at the conscious competence or deliberate sensitivity stage of cultural awareness.
6. Which of the following statements define cultural safety?
Tick Response
Respect for cultural and individual differences
Diminishing the cultural identity of an individual
Full, equitable and respectful participation in decision making
An act which disempowers a person of a different culture
Partnerships which value and support participation
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 32 PC1200 - Introducing Culture Post-Session Survey
Now that you have completed this session we ask you to take a few moments to complete the post- session survey for this topic. This will give us some indication about how well we have met your learning needs.
Once submitted you will be eligible to receive your certificate. Please email completed manual to [email protected].
Please indicate the degree to which you agree to the following, by ticking the box most relevant. Strongly Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly Disagree I understand the concepts of culture clash, cultural conflict, cultural shock and cultural relativism I can define the concepts associated with cross-cultural interactions I can define the concept of cultural awareness and discuss the pathway to cultural capability I can discuss the components of culturally safe practice
What, if anything could have been added to this session?
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 33 PC1200 Cultural Considerations References
1. Queensland Health Electronic Publishing Service. (2009). Library Module 8. Retrieved 15/9/2009, 2009, from http://www.health.qld.gov.au/capir/library/cultural.asp
2. Ramsden I. (1992). Kawa Whakaruruhau: Guidelines for Nursing and Midwifery Education. Wellington: Nursing Council of New Zealand.
3. Ramsden I. (2002). Cultural safety and nursing education in Aotearoa and Te Waipounamu. Victoria University, Wellington.
4. S-A-R-R-A-H Services for Australian Rural and Remote Health. (2009). \ Rural and Remote Transition Toolkit. Retrieved 27/08/2009, from http://www.sarrahtraining.com.au/site/index.cfm
5. Smith J. (2007). Australia’s Rural and Remote Health: a social justice perspective (2nd ed.). Croydon: Tertiary Press.
6. Williams R. Cultural Safety - what does it mean for our work and practice? Darwin: Northern Territory University.
7. Centre for Information, Counselling and Training for Professions relating to International Cooperation (cinfo) 2011. Intercultural competence in international cooporation. Retrieved from http://www.unite-ch.org/12archiv/archiv06_training/intercultural-competence.pdf
Preparation for Practice - Introducing Culture Version1 (2014) 34