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AnswerGetting Key: HighReady School

1.1 Seeing the World Differently: Causes of visual disabilities (pages 40-41)

1. : disease associated with 8. : contagious disease, a leading cause aging that gradually destroys sharp, central vision of the world’s infectious blindness; caused by (needed for seeing objects clearly and for tasks the bacteria Chlamydia trachomatis; begins like such as reading and driving); affects the macula conjunctivits (pink eye) and swelling; may (part of the eye that allows you to see fine detail); turn inward a leading cause of vision loss in Americans 60 and older 9. of prematurity: (ROP) a disorder that primarily affects small premature infants. The smaller 2. Ocular histoplasmosis syndrome: a leading cause a baby is at birth, the more likely that baby is to of vision loss in Americans ages 20 to 40; disease develop ROP. Usually develops in both eyes, one of caused by spores of the fungus Histoplasma the most common causes of visual loss in childhood, capsulatum. The microscopic fungus, which is can lead to lifelong vision impairment and blindness; found throughout the world in river valleys and often caused by too much oxygen given to a soil where bird or bat droppings accumulate, is premature baby released into the air when soil is disturbed. 10. : disease in tropical and 3. : a clouding of the in the eye; most , transmitted by black bites are related to aging but there are other and caused by with filariform causes; very common in older people (worms); called river blindness

4. : a group of diseases that can damage 11. Refractive errors: include , hyperopia, the eye’s and result in vision loss and , and ; very common, most blindness; occurs when the normal fluid pressure people have one or more of them, can usually be inside the eyes slowly rises; early treatment can corrected with eyeglasses or contact lens prevent permanent vision loss 12. : cross-eyed, a disorder of vision due 5. Pigmentosa: group of inherited diseases to a deviation from normal orientation of one or causing retinal degeneration and a gradual decline both eyes so that both cannot be directed at the in vision because photoreceptor cells (rods and same object at the same time cones) die; forms include Usher syndrome, Leber’s congenital amaurosis, rod-cone disease, Bardet-Biedl 13. : The is the light-sensitive syndrome, and Refsum disease layer of tissue that lines the inside of the eye and sends visual messages through the optic nerve to 6. : most common diabetic eye the brain; the retina is lifted or pulled from its normal disease and a leading cause of blindness in position, can cause permanent vision loss American adults; caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina 14. Cortical impairment: caused by a neurological (brain) problem and the 7. : small or underdevelopment connections between the eyes to the brain, rather of the optic nerve which sends signals from the eye than the eyeball to the brain; usually causes mild to severe permanent vision loss; a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment in children; present at birth

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