Prenatal Origin of Behavior Hibited When Its Development Is Complete
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The Plantar Reflex
THE PLANTAR REFLEX a historical, clinical and electromyographic study From the Department of Neurology, Academic Hospital 'Dijkzigt', Rotterdam, The Netherlands THE PLANTAR REFLEX A HISTORICAL, CLINICAL AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC STUDY PROEFSCHRIFT TER VERKRIJGING VAN DE GRAAD VAN DOCTOR IN DE GENEESKUNDE AAN DE ERASMUS UNIVERSITEIT TE ROTTERDAM OP GEZAG VAN DE RECTOR MAGNIFICUS PROF. DR. B. LEIJNSE EN VOLGENS BESLU!T VAN HET COLLEGE VAN DEKANEN. DE OPENBARE VERDED!GING ZAL PLAATS VINDEN OP WOENSDAG 16 NOVEMBER 1977 DES NAMIDDAGS TE 4.15 UUR PREC!ES DOOR JAN VAN GIJN GEBOREN TE GELDERMALSEN 1977 KRIPS REPRO - MEPPEL PROMOTOR: DR. H. VAN CREVEL CO-PROMOTOR: PROF. DR. A. STAAL CO-REFERENTEN: PROF. DR. H. G. ]. M. KUYPERS PROF. DR. P. E. VOORHOEVE Aan mijn ouders Aan Carien, Maarten en Willem CONTENTS page GENERAL INTRODUCTION 15 CHAPTER I HISTORY OF THE PLANTAR REFLEX AS A CLINICAL SIGN DISCOVERY - the plantar reflex before Babinski 19 - the toe phenomenon . 21 - Joseph Babinski and his work 24 ACCEPTANCE - the pyramidal syndrome before the toe reflex 26 - confirmation . 26 - a curious eponym in Holland 28 - false positive findings? 29 - false negative findings 29 FLEXION AND EXTENSION SYNERGIES - the Babinski sign as part of a flexion synergy . 31 - opposition from Babinski and others . 33 - ipsilateral limb extension with downgoing toes versus the normal plantar response . 36 - crossed toe responses . 36 - tonic plantar flexion of the toes in hemiplegia 37 RIVAL SIGNS - confusion . 39 - different sites of excitation 39 - stretch reflexes of the toe muscles 41 - spontaneous or associated dorsiflexion of the great toe 42 - effects other than in the toes after plantar stimulation 42 THE PLANTAR RESPONSE IN INFANTS - contradictory findings 43 - the grasp reflex of the foot . -
Proquest Dissertations
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CUTANEOUS FLEXION REFLEX IN HUMAN INFANTS: THE EFFECTS OF NOXIOUS STIMULI AND TISSUE DAMAGE IN THE NEWBORN. This thesis is submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, in Neuroscience. Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London. KATHARINE ANN ANDREWS May 1997 SUPERVISOR Professor Maria Fitzgerald ProQuest Number: 10106776 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10106776 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Owr lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter^* Dr Martin Luther King Jr. ABSTRACT OF THESIS The aim was to investigate the development of spinal sensory processing in the human neonate using the cutaneous flexion reflex, and to measure changes in the reflex resulting from repeated tissue damage. A further aim was to quantify flexion reflex responses elicited by different intensities of mechanical and electrical stimuli using EMG recordings. Experiments were performed with ethical approval and informed parental consent on a group o f preterm and full-term infants aged between 27 and 42 weeks postconceptional age. -
A Dictionary of Neurological Signs.Pdf
A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS THIRD EDITION A DICTIONARY OF NEUROLOGICAL SIGNS THIRD EDITION A.J. LARNER MA, MD, MRCP (UK), DHMSA Consultant Neurologist Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool Honorary Lecturer in Neuroscience, University of Liverpool Society of Apothecaries’ Honorary Lecturer in the History of Medicine, University of Liverpool Liverpool, U.K. 123 Andrew J. Larner MA MD MRCP (UK) DHMSA Walton Centre for Neurology & Neurosurgery Lower Lane L9 7LJ Liverpool, UK ISBN 978-1-4419-7094-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7095-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7095-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937226 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2001, 2006, 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. -
The Five-Minute Neurological Examination
THE FIVE-MINUTE NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION Ralph F. Józefowicz, MD Introduction The neurologic examination is considered by many to be daunting. It may seem tedious, time consuming, overly detailed, idiosyncratic, and even capricious. Every neurologist has his/her own version of the examination, and may appear to use “magical thinking” to come up with a diagnosis at the end. In reality, the examination is quite simple. When performing the neurological examination, it is important to keep the purpose of the examination in mind, namely to localize the lesion. A basic knowledge of neuroanatomy is necessary to interpret the examination. The key to performing an efficient neurological examination is observation. More than half of the neurological examination is performed by simply observing the patient – how he/she speaks, thinks, walks, moves, and simply interacts with the examiner. A skillful observer will already localize a lesion, based on simple observations. Formalized testing merely refines the diagnosis, and may only require several additional steps. Performing an overly detailed neurological examination without a purpose in mind is a waste of time, and often yields incidental findings that cloud the picture. The following three pages contain an outline of the components of the five-minute neurological examination, followed by a suggested order for performing this examination. I have also included a detailed handout describing the components of a comprehensive neurological examination, as well as the significance of abnormal findings. Numerous tables are included in this handout to aid in neurological diagnosis. Finally, a series of short cases are included, which illustrate how an efficient and focused neurological examination allows one to make an accurate neurological diagnosis. -
Neurological Examination Made Easy
NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION MADE EASY Content Strategist: Jeremy Bowes Content Development Specialist: Sheila Black Project Manager: Sruthi Viswam Designer: Christian Bilbow Illustration Manager: Jennifer Rose Illustrator: Richard Tibbitts 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION MADE EASY GERAINT FULLER MD FRCP Consultant Neurologist Gloucester Royal Hospital Gloucester UK FIFTH EDITION Edinburgh London New Yo rk Oxford Philadelphia St Louis Sydney Toronto 2013 66485457-66485438 www.ketabpezeshki.com © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher's permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). First edition 1993 Second edition 1999 Third edition 2004 Fourth edition 2008 ISBN 978-0-7020-5177-7 International ISBN 978-0-7020-5178-4 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. -
University of Groningen Neurological Development in Infancy Touwen, B.C L
University of Groningen Neurological development in infancy Touwen, B.C L IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 1975 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Touwen, B. C. L. (1975). Neurological development in infancy. [S.l.]: [S.n.]. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 12-11-2019 BERT TOUWEN NEUROLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN INFANCY ERRATA Page 73 footnote: am grateful ...• read: I am grateful ... Page 26 Group IV: A group of Items which did not show .. read: A group of Items which did show . Page 34 Fifth line from above, table XI and XIII; read: table XII and XIV Page 35 Third line from below, table XI and XIII; read: table XII and XIV Page 37 Nlneth line from below, 4 read 3 Page 38 First line above, 2 read 7 Seventh and eighth line from above, table X and XII; read: table XI and XIII Page 44 Sixth line from above, 2 and 4, read 7 and 3 Page 49 and 51 Exchange figures 70 and 7 7 Page 49 Seventh line from above, 10, 31 and 21, read 70, 34 and 24 Page 6 7 Heading: Recording: 2. -
The Neurologic Diagnosis
The Neurologic Diagnosis A Practical Bedside Approach Jack N. Alpert Second Edition 123 The Neurologic Diagnosis Jack N. Alpert The Neurologic Diagnosis A Practical Bedside Approach Second Edition Jack N. Alpert Department of Neurology University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston, TX USA ISBN 978-3-319-95950-4 ISBN 978-3-319-95951-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95951-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018956294 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. -
Neurological Examination of the Newborn and Older Infant
Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal Volume 5 Number 3 Article 10 9-1957 Neurological Examination of the Newborn and Older Infant Raymond Lafontaine Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/hfhmedjournal Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Medical Specialties Commons, and the Public Health Commons Recommended Citation Lafontaine, Raymond (1957) "Neurological Examination of the Newborn and Older Infant," Henry Ford Hospital Medical Bulletin : Vol. 5 : No. 3 , 198-211. Available at: https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/hfhmedjournal/vol5/iss3/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal by an authorized editor of Henry Ford Health System Scholarly Commons. Andre-Thomas Member of I'Academie de Medecine 197 NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF THE NEWBORN AND OLDER INFANT RAYMOND LAFONTAINE, M.D.* INTRODUCTION In the field of the neurological examination of the newborn and older infant one of the most inleresiing and important contributions has been made by Andre-Thomas. He has written many articles related to the neurological aspects of the normal and •.bnormal newborn and older infani. His method and a form incorporaling his ideas liave been used for some time in Ihe Division of Neurology. In view of the interest ^hown by our colleagues a summary of the neurological examination as described by Andre-Thomas and others is presented. This article is limited lo pari of his book I'ublishcd in 1952 and to a monograph on the same subject published in 1955.'-^ During the first days of life ihe newborn shows spontaneous aclivity. -
A Abdominal Reflex, 156 Abdominal Wall, T9-12 And, 135, 153 Abduction External Rotation In, 15 of Forefoot, 295–296 of Hip, 20
Index A Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ), Abdominal reflex, 156 10 Abdominal wall, T9-12 and, arthritis of, 1 135, 153 dislocation of, 1 Abduction O’Brien’s test and, 36 external rotation in, 15 subluxation of, 5 of forefoot, 295–296 tests for, 38 of hip, 204–205 Acromion, 11 internal rotation in, 17 Active dorsiflexion, 291 in shoulder, 13–14 Active eversion, 292 of thumb, 105 Active inversion, 291 Abductor digiti minimi, 115 Active plantarflexion, 290 hypothenar eminence and, Adam’s test, 165 117 Adduction muscle insertion for, 122 of forefoot, 295 T1 and, 152 of hip, 205 Abductor pollicis, 115, 118 in shoulder, 14 muscle insertion for, 122 Adductor brevis, 209 Abductor pollicis brevis (APB), Adductor gracilis, 209 105, 111 Adductor longus, 209 Abductor pollicis longus Adductor magnus, 209 (APL), 97, 102 Adhesive capsulitis, 1, 3 muscle insertion for, 105 Adson’s test, 161 Abductor tendinitis, groin Anal reflex, 156 pain and, 189 S2-4 and, 182 Acetabular labrum, 190 Anatomical snuffbox, 88–89 Achilles’ tendon, 288 Ankle, 259–310 reflex, 307 hip and, knee and, 223 S1 and, 181 injury mechanisms for, 259 tendinitis in, 277 muscle testing for, 298–305 ACJ. See Acromioclavicular pain sites for, 259 joint range of movement for, ACL. See Anterior cruciate 290–292 ligament special tests for, 308–310 314 INDEX Ankle (cont.) grind test and, 131 swelling in, 261, 277 of hip, 191 Ankylosing spondylitis, 135, of MTP, 298 136 of radiohumeral joint, 44 chest expansion and, 145 Arthrogryposis, pes cavus and, relieving factors for, 163 269 stiffness and, 190 ASIS, 191, 200 Antalgic gait, 192, 227 Ataxia, 192 foot and, 278 Avascular necrosis (AVN) Anterior apprehension test, 34 groin pain and, 189 Jobe’s relocation test and, 34 of lunate, 62 pectoralis major and, 34 swelling from, 261 Anterior cruciate ligament AVN. -
SPINAL SYNDROMES (GENERAL) Spin1 (1)
SPINAL SYNDROMES (GENERAL) Spin1 (1) Spinal Syndromes (GENERAL) Last updated: December 19, 2020 SPINAL STRUCTURES AFFECTED IN VARIOUS DISORDERS ........................................................................ 1 ANATOMIC SPINAL SYNDROMES ............................................................................................................. 1 Level ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Segmental Signs .................................................................................................................... 2 CERVICAL CORD .................................................................................................................................... 2 THORACIC CORD .................................................................................................................................... 2 LUMBOSACRAL CORD ............................................................................................................................ 2 SPINAL CORD TRANSECTION, SPINAL SHOCK ........................................................................................ 2 Recovery from spinal shock .................................................................................................. 3 SPINAL CORD HEMISECTION .................................................................................................................. 3 Brown-Sequard syndrome ............................................................................................................... -
Part 1 – Clinical Skills
Finger extension Extensor digitorum Radial nerve C7 Part 1 – Clinical skills CHAPTER 1 HISTORY AND EXAMINATION Dr William P. Howlett 2012 Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania BRIC 2012 University of Bergen PO Box 7800 NO-5020 Bergen Norway NEUROLOGY IN AFRICA William Howlett Illustrations: Ellinor Moldeklev Hoff, Department of Photos and Drawings, UiB Cover: Tor Vegard Tobiassen Layout: Christian Bakke, Division of Communication, University of Bergen E JØM RKE IL T M 2 Printed by Bodoni, Bergen, Norway 4 9 1 9 6 Trykksak Copyright © 2012 William Howlett NEUROLOGY IN AFRICA is freely available to download at Bergen Open Research Archive (https://bora.uib.no) www.uib.no/cih/en/resources/neurology-in-africa ISBN 978-82-7453-085-0 Notice/Disclaimer This publication is intended to give accurate information with regard to the subject matter covered. However medical knowledge is constantly changing and information may alter. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to determine the best treatment for the patient and readers are therefore obliged to check and verify information contained within the book. This recommendation is most important with regard to drugs used, their dose, route and duration of administration, indications and contraindications and side effects. The author and the publisher waive any and all liability for damages, injury or death to persons or property incurred, directly or indirectly by this publication. CONTENTS HISTORY AND EXAMINATION 13 HISTORY TAKING -
The Neurological Exam of a Comatose Patient: Original Article an Essential Practical Guide
The Neurological Exam of a Comatose Patient: Original Article An Essential Practical Guide Zaitun ZAKARIA1,2,3, Mohamad Muhaimin ABDULLAH1,4, Sanihah ABDUL HALIM2,3,5, Abdul Rahman Izaini GHANI1,2,3, Zamzuri IDRIS1,2,3, Submitted: 28 Aug 2020 Jafri Malin ABDULLAH1,2,3 Accepted: 10 Sept 2020 Online: 27 Oct 2020 1 Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia 2 Department of Neurosciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia 3 Brain and Behaviour Cluster, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia 5 Neurology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia To cite this article: Zakaria Z, Abdullah MM, Abdul Halim S, Ghani ARI, Idris Z, Abdullah JM. The neurological exam of a comatose patient: an essential practical guide. Malays J Med Sci. 2020;27(5):108–123. https://doi. org/10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.11 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.21315/mjms2020.27.5.11 Abstract A thorough examination of a comatose patient is essential given the spectrum of clinical diagnoses. The most immediate threat to patients is airway, breathing and circulation. All attending physician should employ a structured and focused approach in dealing with a comatose patient. It is important to recognise the urgent steps needed at the time to prevent further deterioration, followed by the final diagnosis of patient’s neurologic status. Here we provide the essential practical guide to the neurological exam of a comatose patient that would assist to determine the aetiology, location and nature of the neurological lesion.