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Home , Abdominal reflex, Anatomical snuffbox, Boutonniere deformity, Brachioradialis reflex, Cremasteric reflex, Cubitus varus

Index

A Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ), Abdominal , 156 10 Abdominal wall, T9-12 and, of, 1 135, 153 dislocation of, 1 Abduction O’Brien’s test and, 36 external rotation in, 15 subluxation of, 5 of forefoot, 295–296 tests for, 38 of , 204–205 Acromion, 11 internal rotation in, 17 Active dorsiflexion, 291 in , 13–14 Active eversion, 292 of , 105 Active inversion, 291 Abductor digiti minimi, 115 Active plantarflexion, 290 and, Adam’s test, 165 117 Adduction muscle insertion for, 122 of forefoot, 295 T1 and, 152 of hip, 205 Abductor pollicis, 115, 118 in shoulder, 14 muscle insertion for, 122 Adductor brevis, 209 Abductor pollicis brevis (APB), Adductor gracilis, 209 105, 111 Adductor longus, 209 Abductor pollicis longus Adductor magnus, 209 (APL), 97, 102 Adhesive capsulitis, 1, 3 muscle insertion for, 105 Adson’s test, 161 Abductor tendinitis, Anal reflex, 156 pain and, 189 S2-4 and, 182 Acetabular labrum, 190 Anatomical snuffbox, 88–89 Achilles’ , 288 Ankle, 259–310 reflex, 307 hip and, and, 223 S1 and, 181 injury mechanisms for, 259 tendinitis in, 277 muscle testing for, 298–305 ACJ. See Acromioclavicular pain sites for, 259 joint range of movement for, ACL. See Anterior cruciate 290–292 ligament special tests for, 308–310 314 INDEX

Ankle (cont.) grind test and, 131 swelling in, 261, 277 of hip, 191 Ankylosing spondylitis, 135, of MTP, 298 136 of radiohumeral joint, 44 chest expansion and, 145 , and, relieving factors for, 163 269 stiffness and, 190 ASIS, 191, 200 Antalgic gait, 192, 227 Ataxia, 192 foot and, 278 (AVN) Anterior apprehension test, 34 groin pain and, 189 Jobe’s relocation test and, 34 of lunate, 62 pectoralis major and, 34 swelling from, 261 Anterior cruciate ligament AVN. See Avascular necrosis (ACL), 217 Avulsion of sartorius, 200 Lachman’s test for, 251 Axilla, T3 and, 135, 153 Anterior dislocation, of , 39 B Anterior , 250–251 Babinski test, 158, 183 for foot, 308 Baker cyst, 219, 241 Anterior inferior tibiofibular Beighton’s score, for ligament, 286 hypermobility, 31 Anterior interosseous , Benediction deformity, 81 105 Anterior joint line tenderness, C6 and, 147 237 muscle testing of, 53 Anterior talofibular ligament, reflex of, C5 and, 153 277, 286 Biceps femoris tendon, 240 Anterolateral dome, Biceps tendon, 48 of talus, 285 Bishop’s hand, 81 APB. See Abductor Bladder dysfunction, 136 pollicis brevis Blount’s disease, 221, 263 Ape , 82 Bouchard’s nodes, 70 Apex of the olecranon, 46 , 74 APL. See Abductor pollicis Bowel dysfunction, 136 longus Brachial , 48 Arcade of flexion, Brachial plexus injury, 1, 77 of , 65 , 55, 97–98 Arcade of Frohse, 44 muscle insertion for, 105 Arthritis. See also muscle testing of, 55 ; reflex of, C6 and, 154 ; Bryant’s triangle, 201 Septic arthritis Bulbocavernosus reflex, 156 of ACJ, 1 S3-4 and, 182 of glenohumeral joint, 1, 13 Bunnell test, 132 INDEX 315

Bursitis Calcaneofibular ligament, 286 in elbow, 40 Callosities, 275, 276 of greater trochanter, 200 Camptodactyly, 86 in knee, 219, 223 Capitellum psoas, 190 fracture of, 39 skin temperature and, of, 39 232, 279 Caput ulnae, 62, 72 subacromial, 11 Carpal tunnel syndrome, 62 , poliomyelitis Modified Durkan’s and, 191 test for, 124 Tinel’s test for, 125 C Carpometacarpal joint C1-2, pain in, 134 (CMCJ), 70 C2-3, pain in, 134 grind test for, 131 C3, and, 135, 153 osteoarthritis of, 71 C3-4-5, pain in, 134 Carrying angle, 41–42 C4, shoulder and, 135, 153 Catching C5, 146 in knee, 220 biceps and, reflex of, 153 in lumbar spine, 170 deltoid and, 153 Cauda equina syndrome, 164 deltoid muscles and, Cellulitis, skin temperature 135, 146 and, 279 elbow and, 135 Cerebral palsy, 263 nerve root, 146 Cervical , 161 C6 Cervical spine biceps and, 147 extension in, 141 flexion in, 140 and, 154 herniated disc in, 140 nerve root, 147–148 lateral flexion of, 142 thumb and, 135, 153 lateral rotation of, 143 and, 147 of, 166 C6-7-T1, pain in, 134 rheumatoid arthritis in, 140 C7 spondylosis of, 135, 140 fingers and, 149 stenosis of, 135 middle and, 135, 153 Cervical/thoracic spine, nerve root, 148–150 133–161 and, 150 congenital deformities of, reflex of, 155 133 wrist and, 148 fractures of, 133 C8 gait and, 138 fingers and, 151 injury mechanisms of, 133 little finger and, 135, 153 muscle testing for, 146–152 nerve root, 150–151 pain sites for, 134 Café-au-lait spots, 136 paresthesia in, 135 316 INDEX

Cervical/thoracic spine (cont.) Coronal plane, 13 scars and, 136 , T12 and, special tests for, 156–161 182 stiffness in, 135 Crossed straight leg raising test, Charcot arthropathy 185 of midfoot, 274 Cross fluctuation, 232 skin temperature and, 279 Crush injury, pes cavus and, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, 269 96, 192 Crystal induced arthropathies, pes cavus and, 269 skin temperature and, 279 varus heel and, 273 syndrome, 39 Chest expansion, ankylosing , 42 spondylitis and, 145 , 42 Chest wall asymmetry of, 137 D T5-8 and, 135, 153 Deep venous thrombosis, 261 Chondrocalcinosis, 219 Deltoid, C5 and, 153 Clark’s test, 257 Deltoid ligament, 281 , 5, 10 Deltoid muscles, 5, 6, 22–23 Claw hand, 77–78 C5 and, 135, 146 Claw , 268 Demyelination, 97 pes cavus and, 268 Dermatomes, 153 Clicking, 190 , 275 , 87 claw toes and, 268 Clonus, 183 Diabetes mellitus, 97 myelopathy and, 158 Dial test, 254 Club foot DIPJ. See Distal pes cavus and, 269 interphalangeal joint varus heel and, 273 Disc prolapse, 162 Club hand, 87 Dislocation CMCJ. See Carpometacarpal of ACJ, 1 joint of elbow, 39 Cobbler’s fracture, 61 of hip, 189, 196 Coccyx, 168 of MCPJ, 93 Colle’s fracture, 61 scapholunate, 62 EPL and, 103 of shoulder, 1 Congenital deformities Distal interphalangeal joint of cervical/thoracic spine, 133 (DIPJ), 70 of , 83–87 deformity of, 73 of lumbar spine, 161 mallet toes and, 266 Congestive heart failure, 261 Distal radioulnar joint, 90 Coracoclavicular ligament, 10 Dorsal interossei, 115, Coracoid, 10 119–120 Corn, 276 muscle insertion for, 122 INDEX 317

T1 and, 151–152 posterior dislocation of, 39 Dorsalis pedis artery, 210, 281 pronation of, 50–51, 52, 56 knee and, 247 range of movement in, Dorsiflexion 49–52 of foot, 293–294 rheumatoid arthritis in, 40 of great , 297 septic arthritis in, 40, 42 of wrist, 93 special tests for, 57–59 Dowager’s hump, 137–138 stiffness in, 40 Drawer tests, 31–32 supination of, 50–51, 56 of MTP, 310 synovitis in, 45 Drop sign, 27 T1 and, 135, 153 Drop foot, 192, 278 tendinosis in, 40 Dupuytren’s , 66 Ely’s test, 213 Dupuytren’s disease, 71 Enchondroma, 65 EPB. See Extensor pollicis E brevis ECRB. See Extensor carpi Epicondyles, bony radialis brevis prominences of, 46–47 ECRL. See Extensor carpi EPL. See Extensor pollicis radialis longus longus ECU. See Extensor carpi Erb’s palsy, 3 ulnaris Extension EDC. See Extensor digitorum of cervical spine, 141 communis of elbow, 49 EDM. See Extensor digiti of hip, 206 minimi of lumbar spine, 171 EHL. See Extensor hallucis of thoracic spine, 144 longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis EIP. See Extensor indicis (ECRB), 97, 99 proprius muscle insertion for, 105 Elbow, 39–59 Extensor carpi radialis longus anterior dislocation of, 39 (ECRL), 97, 99 bursitis in, 40 muscle insertion for, 105 C5 and, 135 Extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), extension in, 49 97, 100 flexion in, 49 muscle insertion for, 105 gout in, 42 Extensor digiti minimi (EDM), hyperextension of, 50 97, 102 hyperflexion of, 50 muscle insertion for, 105 injury mechanisms of, 39 Extensor digitorum communis muscle testing for, 53–57 (EDC), 97, 101 obesity and, 42 muscle insertion for, 105 osteoarthritis in, 39, 40 Extensor digitorum longus, pain sites in, 39 281, 302 318 INDEX

Extensor hallucis brevis, 301 normal rotational alignment Extensor hallucis longus of, 65 (EHL), 177, 247, 280, 301 rheumatoid arthritis of, 65 Extensor indicis proprius swelling of, 70–72 (EIP), 97, 102 Finklestein’s test, for de muscle insertion for, 105 Quervain’s disease, 126 Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB), First dorsal interosseous, 97, 104 atrophy of, 71 muscle insertion for, 105 First metatarsal, 285 Extensor pollicis longus Fixed flexion deformity, (EPL), 97 230–231 Colle’s fracture and, 103 Flexed knee gait, 227, 278 muscle insertion for, 105 Flexion and, 121 of cervical spine, 140 rheumatoid arthritis and, of elbow, 49 103 of hip, 203 External rotation, 14–16 of knee, 222 in abduction, 15 of lumbar spine, 169 External rotation lag test, 29 of thoracic spine, 144 External rotation test, 311 Flexion deformity, 230–231 Flexor carpi radialis (FCR), F 105, 107 FABER maneuver, 187 muscle insertion for, 114 for hip, 212 Flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), Facet joint, 139, 168 90, 116 Facet syndrome, 161 muscle insertion for, 122 Fairbank’s test, 256 ulnar nerve and, 115 FCR. See Flexor carpi radialis Flexor digiti minimi brevis, FCU. See Flexor carpi ulnaris 115 FDP. See Flexor digitorum muscle insertion for, 122 profundus Flexor digitorum longus, 283 FDS. See Flexor digitorum Flexor digitorum profundus superficialis (FDP), 64, 105, 110 Femoral shortening, 198–199 little finger and, 116 Femoral stretch test, 186 median nerve and, 121 FHL. See Flexor hallucis muscle insertion for, 114, longus 122 Fick angle, 262 ring finger and, 116 5th metatarsal, 286 ulnar nerve and, 115, 121 Fingers Flexor digitorum superficialis arcade of flexion of, 65 (FDS), 64, 105, 109 C7 and, 149 muscle insertion for, 114 C8 and, 151 Flexor hallucis longus (FHL), fracture of, 65 283 INDEX 319

Flexor pollicis brevis (FPB), of cervical/thoracic spine, 133 105, 113 of fingers, 65 muscle insertion for, 114 of lumbar spine, 161 ulnar nerve and, 115 of neck of femur, 196 Flexor pollicis longus (FPL), of olecranon, 39 105 and, 133 muscle insertion for, 114 of radial head, 39, 44 Flexor tendon sheath of supracondylar, 39 infection, 65 malunited, 42 Flexor tenovaginitis, 62 Freiberg’s disease, 287 Foot, 259–310 Froment’s test, 127–128 alignment of, 262–264 Fungal infection, of nails, 69 ankle in, 261 Funnel chest, 137 and antalgic gait, 278 anterior drawer test for, 308 G dorsiflexion of, 293–294 Gait and gait, 278 cervical/thoracic spine and, heel of, 288–289 138 injury mechanisms for, 259 foot and, 278 muscle testing for, 298–305 hip and, 192–195 muscle wasting in, 278 knee and, 226–229 pain sites for, 259 lumbar spine and, 166–167 pronation of, 263–264 , 198 range of movement for, Gamekeeper’s thumb, 61 290–292 Ganglion, 65, 72 scars on, 277 in knee, 219 sensory distribution Garrod’s pad, 71 of, 306–307 Gastrocsoleus complex, 167 sole of, 287–288 , 222, 263 special tests for, 308–310 , 263 stiffness in, 261 Gerber’s lift off test, 25 in, 278 Giant cell tumor, of tendon swelling in, 261 sheath, 65 Foraminal compression test, Gibbus, 137–138 157 of lumbar spine, 166 Forefoot Glenohumeral joint, arthritis abduction of, 295–296 of, 1, 13 adduction of, 295 Glenoid labrum, 36 Forward flexion, of shoulder, Gluteus maximus, 208 12 Gluteus medius, 177, 208 FPB. See Flexor pollicis brevis Golfer’s elbow, 39 FPL. See Flexor pollicis longus Gout, 39, 277 Fracture in elbow, 42 of capitellar, 39 skin temperature and, 232 320 INDEX

Gouty tophi, 40, 70 weakness from, 135 Gracilis, 238 Hindfoot alignment, 271–273 Greater trochanter, 190, 200 Hip, 189–215 bursitis of, 200 abduction of, 204–205 Great toe adduction of, 205 dorsiflexion of, 297 ankle and, knee and, 223 plantarflexion of, 297 arthritis of, 191 pronation of, 264 dislocation of, 189, 196 Grind test, 90 extension of, 206 arthritis and, 131 FABER maneuver for, 212 for CMCJ, 131 flexion of, 203 Groin pain, 189 gait and, 192–195 Guyon’s canal, 91 injury mechanisms of, 189 and, 192 H lumbar spine and, 191 Haglund’s deformity, 289 muscle testing for, 207–209 , 298 pain sites of, 189 Hallux valgus, 263 range of movement of, , 264 203–206 Hamate, 91 rotation of, 205–206 , 265–266 stiffness in, 190 PIPJ and, 265 synovitis of, 191 Hamstrings, 245 Hoffmann’s sign, 159 medial hamstring reflex, Hook of hamate, 61, 91 180 Hyperextension Hands, 61–132 of elbow, 50 congenital deformities of, of knee, 217, 222–223 83–87 of MCPJ, 77, 81 injury mechanisms in, 61–62 Hyperflexion neurological disorders of, of elbow, 50 96–123 of knee, 217 psoriasis of, 69 Hypermobility range of movement of, 96 Beighton’s score for, 31 swelling of, 65, 70–72 sulcus sign and, 33 Hawkins’ test, 30 Hypoplasia, of tibia, 263 Heberden’s nodes, 70 Hypothenar eminence, 66, 68 Heel abductor digiti minimi and, of foot, 288–289 117 valgus, 272 varus, 273 I Henry’s knot, 285 Iliopsoas, 174, 207 Herniated disc, 133 Inferior laxity, 33 in cervical spine, 140 Infrapatellar nerve, 246 in lumbar spine, 161 Infraspinatus, 8, 28–29 INDEX 321

Inguinal ligament, 200 neuroma in, 219 Instability tests, for shoulder, obesity and, 222 31–35 osteoarthritis of, 219, 221 Internal rotation pain sites of, 218 in abduction, 17 popliteal artery and, 247 of shoulder, 16–17 range of movement in, Interphalangeal joint (IPJ), 229–231 70, 298 scars and, 223 deformity of, 73 septic arthritis of, 219 Intrinsic minus, 77–78 special tests for, 247–254 Intrinsic plus hand, 79 stiffness in, 220 IPJ. See Interphalangeal joint swelling of, 219–220, 223–226, 232–236 J synovial thickening in, Jack test, 309 235–236 Jobe’s relocation test, 27, 35 for, 255 anterior apprehension test varus stress test for, 255 and, 34 , 136, 137–138 J sign, 256 of thoracic spine, 166

K L Kanavel’s signs, 65 L2, 174 Kienböck’s disease, 88 L3, 175 Kiloh-Nevin sign, 129 L4, 176 Kirk Watson test, 130 and, Klumpke palsy, 77 179 Knee, 217–258 L5, 177 alignment of, 221–222 medial hamstring reflex and, bursitis in, 219, 223 180 catching in, 220 Labral test, 215 Knee Lacertus fibrosus, 48 dorsalis pedis artery and, Lachman’s test, for ACL, 251 247 Lasègue’s test, 185 flexion of, 222 Lateral collateral ligament ganglion in, 219 (LCL), 240 hip and ankle and, 223 varus stress test for, 255 and, 192 Lateral compartment hyperextension of, 217, osteoarthritis, 239 222–223 Lateral epicondylitis, 39, 42 hyperflexion of, 217 provocative test for, 59 injury mechanisms of, 217 Lateral facet, 243 lipoma in, 219 Lateral flexion locking in, 220 of cervical spine, 142 muscle testing for, 244–245 of lumbar spine, 172 322 INDEX

Lateral joint line, 239 pain sites of, 162 Lateral malleolus, 285 paresthesia in, 163 Lateral meniscus, 217 of, 179–182 Lateral pivot shift test, 59 scars and, 164 Lateral plantar nerve (LPN), special tests for, 184–188 284 of, 162 Lateral rotation, of cervical stenosis of, 161 spine, 143 relieving factors for, 163 Latissimus dorsi, 21 Lumbricals, 114, 119–120 LCL. See Lateral collateral muscle insertion for, 122 ligament ulnar nerve and, 115 Length measurement, 202–203 Lunate, AVN of, 62 Lesser toes, 265, 298 Luxatio erecta, 3 L’hermitte’s sign, 159 Lymphadenopathy, 142 Limb length, 197 Lymph node biopsy, 4 Limp, 190 Lipoma, in knee, 219 M Lisfranc injury, 274 Macrodactyly, 85 Lister’s tubercle, 89 , 61, 73 Little finger Mallet thumb, 73 C8 and, 135, 153 Mallet toes, 266–268 FDP and, 116 DIP and, 266 myelopathy and, 136 Mannerfelt-Norman Locking, in knee, 220 syndrome, 83 Loose body, 219 MCL. See Medial collateral Lordosis, 137 ligament of cervical spine, 166 McMurray’s test, 247–248 of lumbar spine, 166 MCPJ. See LPN. See Lateral plantar nerve Metacarpophalangeal Lumbar spine, 161–188 joint catching in, 170 Medial collateral ligament congenital deformities of, (MCL), 237 161 valgus stress test for, 255 extension of, 171 synovitis in, 239 flexion of, 169 Medial cuneiform, 279 fracture of, 161 Medial epicondyle, 46 gibbus of, 166 Medial epicondylitis, 39 herniated disc in, 161 Medial epiphysis, premature hip and, 191 closure of, 42 injury mechanisms of, 161 Medial facet, of, 243 lateral flexion of, 172 Medial hamstring reflex, L5 lordosis of, 166 and, 180 metastatic disease of, 161 Medial head, of talus, 284 muscle testing of, 173 Medial joint line, 237 INDEX 323

Medial malleolus, 281 MTP. See Metatarsophalangeal Medial meniscus, 217 joint Medial navicular tubercle, Mucous cyst, 65 284 Mulder’s sign, 311–312 Medial plantar nerve, 285 Multiple sclerosis (MS), 97 Median nerve, 48, 55–56, 105 Muscle testing FDP and, 121 for ankle, 298–305 Medical Research Council of biceps, 53 (MRC), grading scale of, of brachioradialis, 55 18 for cervical/thoracic spine, Meniscus, 217 146–152 test for, 247–248 for elbow, 53–57 Meralgia paresthetica, 209 for foot, 298–305 Metacarpophalangeal joint for hip, 207–209 (MCPJ), 70 for knee, 244–245 Bunnell test for, 132 for lumbar spine, 173 deformity of, 76 of PQ, 55–56 dislocation of, 93 Muscle testing hyperextension of, 77, 81 of PT, 55–56 rheumatoid arthritis of, 71 for shoulder, 18–19 subluxation of, 93 of triceps, 54 synovitis of, 71 Muscle wasting, 245 Metastatic disease, 133 in foot, 278 of lumbar spine, 161 Muscular dystrophy, 192 Metatarsal heads, 287 pes cavus and, 269 Metatarsocuneiform joint, Musculocutaneous nerve, 48, 247 53 Metatarsophalangeal joint Myelopathy, 136 (MTP), 297 clonus and, 158 arthritis of, 298 little finger and, 136 drawer tests of, 310 Metatarsus varus, 263 N Midcarpal osteoarthritis, 62 Nails, 69 Middle finger, C7 and, 135, fungal infection of, 69 153 Napoleon belly press test, 26 Midfoot, Charcot arthropathy Neck of, 274 C3 and, 135, 153 Modified Durkan’s test, for stiff, 137 carpal tunnel syndrome, Neck of femur, fracture of, 124 196 Morton’s neuroma, 287, 311 Neer’s sign, 29 MRC. See Medical Research Neer’s test, 30 Council Negative lag test, 25 MS. See Multiple sclerosis Neurofibromatosis, 136 324 INDEX

Neurological disorders Osteoporosis, fractures and, of hands, 96–123 133 of wrist, 96–123 Neuroma, in knee, 219 P Nipple, T4 and, 135, 153 Palmar flexion, of wrist, 94 Palmar interossei, 115, 121 O muscle insertion for, 122 Ober’s test, 214 Palmaris longus (PL), 105, 108 Obesity muscle insertion for, 114 elbow and, 42 Palpation knees and, 222 of medial facet, 243 O’Brien’s test, 36–37 of radial head, 43–44 ACJ and, 36 of ulnar nerve, 46 Olecranon Paresthesia fracture of, 39 in cervical/thoracic spine, into olecranon fossa, 52 135 Olecranon bursa, 40 in lumbar spine, 163 Olecranon fossa, 45 Paronychia, 69 olecranon into, 52 Patella Opponens digiti minimi, 115, height of, 225 117 lateral displacement of, 242 muscle insertion for, 122 medial displacement of, 242 Opponens pollicis, 105, 112 mobility of, 241 muscle insertion for, 114 position of, 224 Os acromiale, 11 size of, 226 Osgood-Schlatter’s disease, Patella alta, 226 223 Patella baja, 226 “O” sign, 129 Patellar apprehension test, Osteoarthritis 256 of CMCJ, 71 Patellar grinding, 257 in elbow, 39, 40 Patellar hollow test, 235 groin pain and, 189 , 233 in knee, 221 Patellar tracking, 256–258 of knee, 219 Patella tendon reflex, L4 and, lateral compartment, 239 179 pisotriquetral, 62, 90 Patellofemoral joint, 257 radioulnar, 62 Pathological medial plica, 243 in shoulder, 3 Patrick’s test. See FABER of SST, 62 maneuver swelling from, 261 PCL. See Posterior cruciate Osteochondritis, of ligament capitellum, 39 Pectoralis major, 25 Osteochondritis dissecans, 258 anterior apprehension test Osteophytes, 223 and, 34 INDEX 325

Pectus carinatum, 137 Posterior dislocation , 137 of elbow, 39 Peroneus brevis, 286, 305 of shoulder, 1 Peroneus longus, 286, 305 Posterior drawer test, Pes cavus, 269 for PCL, 253 claw toes and, 268 Posterior interosseous nerve, Pes planus, 270 44, 97 Pes valgus, 263 Posterior talofibular ligament, Piano key test, 131 286 Pigeon chest, 137 Posterior tibial artery, 283 Pigmented villonodular Posterolateral ankle, 277 synovitis (PVNS), 219, 277 Posterosuperior iliac spine PIPJ. See Proximal (PSIS), 168 interphalangeal joint PQ. See Pronator quadratus Piriformis syndrome, 200 Pronation Piriformis test, 215 of elbow, 50–51, 52, 56 Pisiform, 90, 91 of foot, 263–264 Pisotriquetral osteoarthritis, of great toe, 264 62, 90 Pronator quadratus (PQ), Pivot shift test, 252–253 105, 106 PL. See insertion for, 114 Plantar fascia, 287–288 muscle testing of, 55–56 Plantarflexion, 294 Pronator teres (PT), 105, 106 of great toe, 297 muscle insertion for, 114 . See Babinski muscle testing of, 55–56 test Proprioception, 182 Pointing finger sign, 64 Provocative test, for lateral Poliomyelitis, 96 epicondylitis, 59 buttocks and, 191 Proximal interphalangeal joint , 84 (PIPJ), 70 Polyneuritis, pes cavus Bunnell test for, 132 and, 269 deformity of, 73, 86 Popliteal aneurysm, 219 hammer toe and, 265 Popliteal artery, 210 synovitis of, 71 knee and, 247 PSIS. See Posterosuperior iliac Popliteal cyst, 241 spine , 224, 240 Psoas bursitis, 190 Posterior apprehension Psoriasis, of hands, 69 test, 35 PT. See Pronator teres Posterior cord syndrome, 138 Pubis symphysis, 200 Posterior cruciate ligament PVNS. See Pigmented (PCL), 217 villonodular synovitis posterior drawer test for, Pyogenic flexor , 253 65 326 INDEX

Q in shoulder, 3 Q angle, 227–229 stiffness and, 190 Quadriceps, 175, 244 swelling from, 261 rupture of, 230 in wrist, 72 de Quervain’s disease, Rhomboid, 21 62, 72, 88 Rib hump, 165 Finklestein’s test for, 126 Ring finger, FDP and, 116 , 270 R Roos test, 160 Radial club hand, 87 Rotation Radial deviation, of wrist, 95 of hip, 205–206 Radial head of thoracic spine, 144 fracture of, 39, 44 , 25–29 palpation of, 43–44 tear of, 1, 13 subluxation of, 39 Rowe’s sign, 16 Radial nerve, 54, 55 EPL and, 121 S , 88 S1, 178 Radial tunnel syndrome, Achilles’ tendon reflex and, 39, 44 181 Radiocarpal osteoarthritis, 62 S2, 178 Radiohumeral joint, S2-4, anal reflex and, 182 arthritis, 44 S3, 178 Radioulnar osteoarthritis, 62 S3-4, bulbocavernosus reflex Range of movement and, 182 for ankle, 290–292 S4, 178 in elbow, 49–52 Sacroiliac joint, 168 for foot, 290–292 Sacrum, 168 of hands, 96 Sagittal plane, 12 of hip, 203–206 Saphenous nerve, 246, 307 in knee, 229–231 Scaphoid , in shoulder, 11 62, 88, 89 for wrist, 93–96 Scapholunate dislocation, 62 Residual compartment Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid syndrome, pes cavus (SST), osteoarthritis of, 62 and, 269 Scapula, 6–9 Retrocalcaneal bursa, 288 Scarf test, 38 Reverse prayer position, 94 Scars, 4 Rheumatoid arthritis cervical/thoracic spine and, in cervical spine, 140 136 in elbow, 40 on foot, 277 EPL and, 103 knee and, 223 of fingers, 65 lumbar spine and, 164 of MCPJ, 71 ulnar nerve and, 68 INDEX 327

Scheuermann’s disease, Snowboarders, 61 136, 137 , 136 Schober’s test, 170–171 Spine, 133–188. See also SCJ. See Sternoclavicular joint Cervical/thoracic spine; , 136, 164, 165 Lumbar spine Sectoral sign, 206 Spinous process, 139, 168 Semimembranosus (SM), 238 Spondylolisthesis, 133 Semitendinosus (ST), 238 of lumbar spine, 162 Septic arthritis Spondylosis, 133 in elbow, 40, 42 of cervical spine, 140 of knee, 219 weakness from, 135 skin temperature and, 232, Sprengel’s deformity, 4, 6 279 Springy block, 52 Serratus anterior, 20 Spurling’s maneuver, 157 Sesamoid bones, 287 Squeeze test, 311 Short limb gait, 192 SST. See Shoulder, 1–38 Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid abduction in, 13–14 ST. See Semitendinosus adduction in, 14 Steinmann’s first test, 249–250 age and, 1 Stenosing tenovaginitis. See de C4 and, 135, 153 Quervain’s disease forward flexion of, 12 Stenosis, 133 injury mechanisms of, 1 of cervical spine, 135 instability tests for, 31–35 of lumbar spine, 161 internal rotation of, 16–17 relieving factors for, 163 muscle testing for, 18–19 Stepping gait, 192, 278 osteoarthritis in, 3 Sternoclavicular joint (SCJ), pain sites in, 2 6–7, 9 posterior dislocation of, 1 Stiff finger, 64 range of movement in, 11 Stiff knee gait, 227, 278 rheumatoid arthritis in, 3 Stiff neck, 137 special tests for, 29–38 Stiffness stiffness in, 3 ankylosing spondylitis and, Sinus tarsi, 286 190 Skiers, 61 in cervical/thoracic spine, Skin temperature, 232, 279 135 SLAP. See Superior Labrum in elbow, 40 Anterior to Posterior in foot, 261 Slap foot, 192, 278 in hip, 190 Slocum test, 253–254 in knee, 220 SLR. See Straight leg-raising rheumatoid arthritis and, test 190 SM. See Semimembranosus in shoulder, 3 Smith’s fracture, 61 Stinchfield’s test, 215 328 INDEX

Straight leg-raising test (SLR), Syndesmosis, 168 184–185 Synovial thickening, in knee, Stress fracture 235–236 in foot, 278 Synovitis, 71 groin pain and, 189 in elbow, 45 , 11 of hip, 191 Subacromial impingement in MCL, 239 tests, 29–30 of MCPJ, 71 Subcutaneous bursa, 288 of PIPJ, 71 Subluxation in wrist, 72 of ACJ, 5 of MCPJ, 93 T of radial head, 39 T1 Subscapularis, 25–26 abductor digiti minimi and, Sulcus sign, 33 152 hypermobility and, 33 dorsal interossei and, Superficial peroneal 151–152 nerve, 307 elbow and, 135, 153 Superficial skin reflexes, 156 nerve root, 151–152 Superior Labrum Anterior to T2, 153 Posterior (SLAP), 36 T3, axilla and, 135, 153 Supination, of elbow, T4, nipple and, 135, 153 50–51, 56 T5-8, chest wall and, 135, 153 Supracondylar, fracture T9-12, abdominal wall of, 39 and, 135, 153 malunited, 42 T10, umbilicus and, 153 Suprapatellar pouch, 235 T12, cremasteric reflex and, Suprascapular nerve palsy, 9 182 Supraspinatus, 8, 27 Tailor’s , 286 Sustentaculum tali, 284 Talipes calcaneovalgus, 263 , 73 Talipes equinovarus, 263 Swelling Talipes varus, 263 in ankle, 261, 277 Talus from AVN, 261 anterolateral dome of, 285 of fingers, 70–72 medial head of, 284 in foot, 261 Tarsal tunnel syndrome, 283 of hands, 65, 70–72 Tendinitis in knee, 219–220, 223–226, abductor, groin pain and, 232–236 189 from osteoarthritis, 261 in Achilles’ tendon, 277 from rheumatoid arthritis, Tendinosis, in elbow, 40 261 Tendon sheath, giant cell of wrist, 72 tumor of, 65 , 83 Tennis elbow, 39 INDEX 329

Teres minor, 28–29 reflex of, C7 and, 155 TFCC. See Triangular Trigger finger, 91–92 fibrocartilage complex Thenar muscles, 66–67 U Thomas’ test, 210–211 UCL. See Ulnar collateral Thompson’s test, 310 ligament Thoracic outlet syndrome, 160, Ulnar abutment, 62 161 Ulnar clawing, 80 Thoracic spine Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) extension of, 144 injuries of, 39, 61 flexion of, 144 stability of, 132 kyphosis of, 166 Ulnar deviation, of wrist, 95 rotation of, 144 Ulnar drift, 76 Thumb Ulnar head, 90 abduction of, 105 Ulnar lumbricals. See C6 and, 135, 153 Lumbricals up sign, 121 Ulnar nerve Tibia, hypoplasia of, 263 FCU and, 115 Tibialis anterior muscle, 167, FDP and, 115, 121 176, 300 FPB and, 115 Tibialis anterior tendon, 279 lumbricals and, 115 Tibialis posterior tendon, 281, palpation of, 46 303–305 scars and, 68 Tibial nerve, 283 Tinel’s test for, 59 Tibial shortening, 198–199 Ulnar paradox, 80 Tinel’s sign, 125, 209 Ulnar styloid fracture, 62 Tinel’s test Ulnar tunnel syndrome, 62 for carpal tunnel syndrome, Umbilicus, T10 and, 153 125 for ulnar nerve, 59 V Tip of the olecranon, 45 Valgus heels, 272 “Too many toes” sign, 274 Valgus stress test, 58 Torticollis, 137, 142 for knee, 255 , 89 for MCL, 255 Trapezius muscles, 4, 6, 11 synovitis in, 239 Traumatic pubis, groin Valgus thrust, 227 pain and, 189 Varus heel, 273 , 192–195 club foot and, 273 Triangular fibrocartilage Varus stress test, 57 complex (TFCC), 62 for knee, 255 lesions of, 90 for LCL, 255 Triceps Varus thrust, 226–227 C7 and, 150 Vaughn-Jackson syndrome, 75 muscle testing of, 54 Villonodular synovitis, 65 330 INDEX

Volkmann’s ischemic palmar flexion of, 94 contracture, 77 radial deviation of, 95 range of movement for, W 93–96 Waddel’s signs, 187 rheumatoid arthritis in, 72 Wartenberg’s sign, 136 swelling of, 72 Wilson test, 258 synovitis in, 72 Wrist, 61–132 ulnar deviation of, 95 C6 and, 147 , 82 C7 and, 148 dorsiflexion of, 93 X injury mechanisms in, Xiphisternum, 202 61–62 neurological disorders of, Z 96–123 Z thumb, 75