Rawene Community Plan August 2017

“There is only one . It is unique. It is our place.”

Tony Bridge 2 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 ABBREVIATIONS CBEC Kaitaia-based family of environmental and community businesses DIA Department of Internal Affairs CONTENTS DoC Department of Conservation Introduction 4 FNDC Council Actions that will underpin success 5 FNEC FNEC EcoCentre, Kaitaia Guiding Principles of RCP Working Group 6 HEPG Environmental Protection Group Vision Framework 7 HHET Hokianga Health Enterprise Trust (Hauora Focus Areas & Goals: Hokianga) Natural & Modified Environment 8 MBIE Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment Built Environment & Infrastructure 10 MfE Ministry for Environment People & Community 14 NINC Northland Inc. Culture, Heritage & Arts 16 NRC Northland Regional Council Economy 18

RAD Rawene and Districts Community Development Appendix 1: Inc Our Town: Rawene – Present & Past 23 RARA Rawene Area Residents Association Appendix 2: RCP Rawene Community Plan Ideas generated during public consultaon 30

Acknowledgement: The Rawene Community Plan Working Group acknowledges all the people who contributed to this Plan. This includes the more than 30 people who attended at least one Working Group meeting and/or collected information at stalls and through surveys; the 100 or more who attended at least one of the four Town Hall meetings; and the many more who completed questionnaires, contributed their thoughts at stalls, by email, by phone, or by stopping and chatting in the street. We are indebted to you all. 3 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

The purpose of the plan is to provide a guide for Rawene as we set about “future-proofing” our community without letting go of the past and the present.

… Rawene does not exist in isolation from the The Plan envisages a caring, sharing, co-operative rest of Hokianga. A number of hapū are community that values sustainability and living in acknowledged as having historical and harmony with the natural environment. It sets out contemporary links and shared mana in the the “guiding principles” for future development of Rawene area. The principal hapū are: Rawene, with an emphasis on Goals and Process Te Māhurehure (Waima); (“Key Actions”) as well as specific activities, Ngāti Hau, Ngāti Kaharau (Omanaia); events and projects. Ngāti Here, Ngai Tūputo (Motukaraka); Te Hikutu (Whirinaki); Te Popoto (Utakura). Rawene is the base for Hokianga Hospital, the NorthTec tertiary education learning centre, The Rawene community is nestled in a unique and fire brigade, ambulance, police. Its retail beautiful natural setting. centre, hotel, cafes and galleries service the It is a place where people, and the trust and wider community. It is also the southern relationships that flow between, are nurtured, terminal for the Hokianga Ferry, which links and the community works in a spirit of the two sides of the Harbour and provides a togetherness to ensure the wellbeing of all. through route to and from Kaitaia. 4 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

The Plan envisages a caring, sharing, co-operave community that values Introducon sustainability and living in harmony with the natural environment. It sets out Rawene is a town of about 470 people on a peninsula in South Hokianga. It the “guiding principles” for future development of Rawene, with an emphasis has a long history of Māori occupaon. Europeans arrived in the Hokianga on Goals and Process (“Key Acons”) as well as specific acvies, events and in the 1820s, and Rawene is oen described as the “third oldest European projects. selement in NZ”. However, it did not develop as a town unl aer the The plan is presented as five focus areas: Natural & Modified Environment; was signed in 1840. Today the populaon is about 68% Built Environment & Infrastructure; People & Community; Culture, Heritage & Māori [see Appendix One: Rawene: Present & Past]. Arts; Economy. Each of these secons outlines umbrella “policies & principles”, This Plan covers the area from the Ferry Landing to the intersecon of followed by more specific goals. Where specific groups and/or individuals are Rawene Rd and SH12, while acknowledging that Rawene does not exist in named as leaders and support partners this is an invitaon to become isolaon from the rest of Hokianga. A number of hapū are acknowledged as engaged, rather than a request for commitment. having historical and contemporary links and shared mana in the Rawene Appendix 1 is a snapshot of Rawene’s Present & Past. area. The principal hapū are: Te Māhurehure (Waima); Ngā Hau, Ngā Appendix 2 records the informaon collected in the first rounds of Kaharau (Omanaia); Ngā Here, Ngai Tūputo (Motukaraka); Te Hikutu consultaon and shows how the ideas put forward fit within the five focus (Whirinaki); Te Popoto (Utakura). 1 area format.. Rawene is the base for Hokianga Hospital, the NorthTec terary educaon learning centre, fire brigade, ambulance, police, and its retail centre, hotel, 1. Claire Kaahu White; Not for oneself but for all - Ehara mōku, mō te katoa; The past 150 years of schooling in Rawene; ISBN 978-0-473-14701-3 cafes and galleries service the wider community. It is also the southern terminal for the Hokianga Ferry, which links the two sides of the Harbour and provides a through route to and from Kaitaia. Sign welcoming guests and visitors to the The Plan Rawene Primary School 150th anniversary celebraons Work began on this plan in 2013 when a Working Party of volunteers was formed at a public meeng called by the Rawene Area Residents Associaon. A facilitator was appointed to guide the process, funded by the Far North District Council. In 2014 the process was reviewed, and work connued on the plan. The first phase was guided by Wendy Ferguson, and the second by Council Community Development Officer Ken Ross. We thank both for their contribuons and guidance. The purpose of the plan is to provide a guide for Rawene as we set about “future-proofing” our community without leng go of the past and the present. It is also a tool to inform local, regional and central government and all of their agencies about our aspiraons, so that they can match their own priories and goals to ours. 5 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Acons that underpin the success of the Plan The Focus Areas and Goals include ideas to increase our knowledge, skills and mental and physical health and wellbeing. Pung these ideas into effect in the early stages of breathing life into the plan will build the foundaons for success. Some of the key ideas are:

Create absolute “boom lines” for acceptable harm to our places, people and environment.

Foster a sense of pride in our shared bicultural history. Encourage people to learn Te Reo Māori.

Celebrate our differences but break down the enclaves (what’s broken is the ‘we’ and ‘us’).

Celebrate people, their origins and beliefs.

Encourage volunteerism and construct succession programmes for those who are volunteers.

Focus on invitaon and deliberate inclusion.

Create the right spaces and tailor events and meengs to the needs of the many.

Support and maintain those organisaons that create and confer ‘richness’ to the community.

Support local schools and community educaon – they are anchor instuons that imbed communies. Rawene School reunion.

Develop a community data base/directory of facilies, services, equipment, skills, organisaons and clubs, events, educaon courses, general resources. Create a community collecve or cooperave to work toward community ownership of local businesses. Meeting in ‘Town Square’. Run Basic Business Skills (for start-up businesses, trusts and charies) and Health and Safety programmes for contractors. Run awareness programmes to broaden community ‘commercial/economic’ understanding.

Create a ‘Local Work’ Hub as a Community Collecve or Cooperave.

Provide basic office services for local business.

Explore and idenfy economic opportunies.

Create suitable outdoor (open) and sheltered spaces for people to meet, share me and spontaneous conversaon. Encourage nutrient-dense home food producon and community gardening.

Ensure there is help for those with addicons, depression and mental health issues.

Ensure everyone has affordable, healthy housing. 6 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Guiding Principles for the Rawene Community Plan Working Group

We acknowledge, respect, honour and celebrate the heritage of this place, and in parcular its culturally significant areas and heritage values. As a community we plan, work and live together in the spirit of Manaakitanga, Whanaungatanga and Kaiakitanga. In our decisions and acons, we take a sustainable approach and acknowledge the challenges of climate change. We recognise the diverse richness in our community and acknowledge that everything is interconnected. We welcome and involve everyone who wants to be a part of the group and value the diversity of voices. We show respect toward others and we trust each other to respect our different viewpoints and approaches. We work with courtesy, integrity and honesty, and will be open and transparent in all our communicaon and acons, bringing a level of imparality to the work so we can provide a balanced perspecve. We resolve conflict peacefully, ulising appropriate conflict resoluon processes.

Pou represenng Jane and James Clendon, entrance to Clendon House. Carver: Nopera Pikari 7 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Rawene Christmas Carnival.

The Vision Framework for Rawene Community Plan “There is only one Rawene. It is unique. It is our place.”

The Rawene community is nestled in a unique and beauful natural (Hokianga) seng. It is a place where people, and the trust and relaonships that flow between us, are nurtured, and the community works in a spirit of togetherness to ensure the wellbeing of all.

Natural Environment Built Environment & People Culture Economy Infrastructure

We embrace our role as We value the unique character of We are a vibrant, We acknowledge the place of We value what we stewards of our natural and our heritage precinct and its caring, connected and Tangata Whenua Māori in our have and what we can modified environments, and buildings. We enjoy and healthy community, community and aspire to a develop in a we preserve and enhance appreciate the availability of renowned for its greater understanding of our regenerave manner healthy lands, fresh water, affordable housing and the friendly and welcoming respecve cultures. As a to build a strong and wetlands, sea and provision of infrastructure that is approach. We create community we accept our role in diverse local economy, atmosphere, using efficient, affordable, effecve, many opportunies to maintaining our unique cultural to improve the quality ecologically regenerave serviceable and environmentally upli and support our heritage and take pride in of our lives. pracces. friendly. people. celebrang our shared history. 8 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Natural (and Modified) Environment Focus Area

We embrace our role as stewards of our natural and modified environments, and we preserve, restore and enhance healthy lands, rivers, sea and atmosphere, using ecologically regenerave pracces.

As stewards of our natural and To achieve this … To achieve this … modified environments

Preserve, restore and enhance healthy lands, landforms, We recognise areas and iconic landforms and landscapes of We encourage the use of regenerave land management soils. the Hokianga, and those places considered treasures and (RLM) pracces on farms and in producon forests of our of significance to our community. areas of interest. We ensure all conservaon (and other) acvity enhances We discourage the use of biocide sprays in built, modified soil ecosystems and soil integrity. and natural environments in our areas of interest. We protect iconic land and seascapes.

Preserve, restore and enhance healthy and biologically We maintain our rivers, streams, aquifers and wetlands to We reduce the entry of sediments and leachates into our diverse fresh water rivers, streams, wetlands and drinkable, swimming and fishing standards. river through the wise use of ferliser, the reducon of aquifers. pollung discharges and through protecve riparian planngs and other methods.

Preserve, restore and enhance healthy and biologically We will clean and protect our coastline by removing sources of polluon, including sewerage, of our harbour and sea. enhanced sea, coasts, harbours and estuaries. We create buffers of reeds, sand plants and other appropriate flora to retain sediments & pollutants. We maintain the integrity of seas and harbours in our areas of interest and restore them to swimming and fishing standards. This is our goal.

Preserve, restore and enhance healthy and biologically We discourage the burning of noxious materials and the use of chemicals that produce harmful parculates and aerosols. enhanced atmosphere, including climate change issues. We encourage the use of new clean technology. We provide and promote the safe disposal of inorganic waste.

General Understandings and Condions. We adopt Naonal Policy Standards as our minimum baseline, and take the following stances: We are Nuclear Free, GMO Free, and declare ourselves to be free and exempt from any polical acons or government legislaon that is at odds with the aspiraons and desires of our community. We want no Fracking, Oil Drilling, Prospecng or Toxic Mining in our areas of interest. We encourage the control of weeds, pests (including animals) and diseases using methods that are environmentally friendly and humane. 9 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 Natural (and Modified) Environment Goals

Goals Key Acons Led By Support Partners Potenal Funding Timeframes

Preserve iconic landforms, views 1.Idenfy and assess iconic landforms, views etc. NRC. DoC. FNDC. Reconnect Short to long term. and ‘places’ of Hokianga. 2.In collaboraon with Tangata Whenua, create a Landcare Trust. NIWA. Northland. hydrodynamic model of the Hokianga Harbour. Central government. Heritage NZ. MfE. 3.Establish appropriate restoraon mechanisms. Local Authories. DoC Community authories. Tangata Fund. FNDC. NRC. Whenua. Key interest Northland INC. pares.

Ensure soil ecosystems and soil 1.Discourage use of biocides (all types). Hokianga NRC. DoC. FNDC. Soil NRC. MPI. Short to long term. integrity are enhanced. 2.Encourage regenerave pracces. Environmental and Health. Tangata WWF/Reconnect 3.Establish plants that protect/enhance soil. Protecon Whenua. Northland. Group (HEPG). As above.

Maintain integrity of streams 1.Idenfy, map and assess issues. HEPG and NRC. DoC. Tangata NRC. FNDC. Short to long term. and wetlands. 2.Encourage and support riparian planng and other Community Whenua. Primary Enviro Schools. enhancing pracces. Projects. School. Philanthropic Trusts. As above.

Clean and protect coastline and 1.Clean up the waters and coastline with community Community Project Crimson. Project Crimson. Short to long term. waters. working bees. Groups and Land owners. Reconnect 2.Plant to reduce erosion and runoff problems. Primary School. NRC. DoC. Tangata Northland. NRC. Keep 3.Establish an inorganic waste recycling system or Whenua, FNDC. NZ Beauful. transfer Staon. As above. 4.Establish a public educaon system.

Discourage producon of 1.Conduct educaonal campaign to reduce the burning NRC. Hokianga Health. NRC. Hokianga Short to long term. harmful parculates and of wastes and vegetaon. Tangata Whenua. Health. aerosols. 2.Promote alternaves like recycling. As above. 3.Create green waste mulching and composng system.

Encourage Regenerave Land 1.Educate on benefits of posive pracces. Kevin Tangata Whenua. MfE. Soil and Health. Short to long term. Management and regenerave/ 2.Educate on impacts of negave pracces. Rasmussen. Landcare Trust. MPI. ecological pracces on farms 3.Establish ‘best pracce’ models in the district. Soil and Health. and in producon forests. MfE. As above. 10 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Built Environment and Infrastructure Focus Area (1)

We value the unique character of our heritage precinct and its buildings. We enjoy and appreciate the availability of affordable, healthy housing and the connuing provision of infrastructure and services that are efficient, serviceable, adaptable and environmentally friendly.

Important/valued/appreciated How can we ensure on-going provision Who do we partner with? features

We value the unique The Heritage Precinct is a collecon of Retain and strengthen the heritage controls in the District Plan to ensure FNDC. character of our historic buildings, objects and sites protecon of the heritage precinct and other heritage resources in the town. Heritage . heritage precinct, its encompassing the commercial heart of Provide realisc incenves to support owners of heritage resources, eg. No fee for Northland Regional Council. buildings and other the town and its immediate context, resource consents for individually scheduled buildings, discounts for buildings in DoC. local sites of and is defined in the District Plan. Some the heritage precinct and small grants for restoraon works. Archaeological Associaon. significance. of the buildings are also included on Develop a resource inventory that includes the significance and state of each item the NZ Heritage List compiled by and use this to ensure these are appropriately protected. Hapū and Iwi. . There are Ensure the Council leads by example with the heritage buildings and sites it owns addional buildings and sites outside as managers and administrators on behalf of future generaons. the precinct that warrant idenficaon, Develop complementary relaonships with other bodies such as Heritage NZ, recognion and protecon, eg DOC, NRC to achieve posive outcomes for heritage resources. Take a problem- churches. solving approach and ensure owners are encouraged to consult early to receive The architectural character, history, and appropriate guidance. scale of the buildings and their context Work with the NRC to ensure the buildings over the water are recognised and are important and valued. protected as an integral part of the heritage precinct. The relaonship of the town and the Retain the scale and architectural character of the buildings by controlling height buildings with the water is a special and guiding the design of new development. characterisc and is parcularly valued, Retain glimpse views between buildings. along with the sea views. The glimpse Acvely manage change so it is slow/ incremental rather than fast/ wholesale. views between buildings are valued. Ensure the town centre is pedestrian-friendly and slow-pace. Encouraging social The pace of life in the town is valued: interacon, not car dominant. The road should be shared space. the pedestrian friendly environment Promote the precinct as a desnaon rather than a place to pass through. and social interacon that this Develop self-guided heritage walks including appropriate informaon signs to facilitates. showcase the heritage of the town. 11 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 Built Environment and Infrastructure Focus Area (2)

We value the unique character of our heritage precinct and its buildings. We enjoy and appreciate the availability of affordable, healthy housing and the connuing provision of infrastructure that is efficient, serviceable, adaptable and environmentally friendly.

Important/valued/appreciated How can we ensure on-going provision Who do we partner with? features

We enjoy and We aspire to the goal of having all Assist with the applicaon of the ‘Warrant of Fitness Programme’ across all Iwi Authories and hapū. appreciate the people in our community living in dwellings. CBEC. availability of houses that are affordable, healthy Assist people with need for adequate insulaon, heang and curtains. He Iwi Kotahi Tātou Trust. affordable and healthy and environmentally friendly. FNEC. housing. Clean Green Machine Co.

We enjoy and Water and Energy provision, Drainage The community of Rawene and Districts aspires to a greater level of control FNDC. appreciate the and Sewerage servicing, Solid Waste of their facilies and infrastructure through ownership or official designaon Top Energy. provision of affordable, treatment, Communicaons, Roading as stewards and guardians of those facilies and items of infrastructure, NRC. efficient, serviceable, & Ferry service, FNDC Service Centre, facility and service. Government Departments in funconal and Schools, Policing, Health, Educaon Ensure Council leads by example with the infrastructure works it carries out general. environmentally (including Terary level), Fire and in the town such as footpaths, seang, planng, tree management, lighng, Local Rawene Community. friendly infrastructure. Ambulance Services. Recycling. signs and other infrastructure. Adjacent Māori Communies / Seek more effecve, environmentally friendly, sustainable and resilient Hapū. methods of fresh water provision and human waste disposal.

Rawene peninsula viewed from de Thierry St, looking North West. 12 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Built Environment and Infrastructure Goals (1):

Goals Key Acons Led By Support Partners Potenal Funding Timeframes

Maintain and enhance the Maintain exisng District Plan (seek changes as FNDC. historic precinct and the wider necessary via consultaon and submission process). Heritage NZ. Rawene area, and ensure new See S12.5a District Plan; and “Rawene Design RARA. development is in keeping with Guidelines” exisng District Plan. hp://www.fndc.govt.nz/services/the-far-north- district-plan/heritage/Rawene-Design-Guidelines.pdf

Wāhi Tapu – Protect significant Refer Appendix One as a guide to idenfied sites. Tangata Whenua – Tangata Whenua – Māori cultural and spiritual sites. relevant Hapū. relevant Hapū. C. Nathan. FNDC. FNDC.

Affordable, liveable and healthy Work with Hauora Hokianga, Social Housing Providers, C. Nathan. Housing NZ. Te Puni Kōkiri. homes are essenal to our real estate agents, Rawene School. Idenfy suitable Garry Clarke. Te Puni Kōkiri. community. Provide more sites. Hapū & Iwi. homes. Encourage and incenvise rainwater storage tanks.

Provision of affordable, efficient, Rawene community will ensure their externally FNDC, Heritage NZ. serviceable and environmentally provided infrastructure, facilies and services are Kohukohu Community. friendly infrastructure. retained, maintained and enhanced in accordance with community wishes. Promote ‘Ferry as Road’ across harbour. The Rawene Ferry, Kohu Ra Tuarua The community will acvely engage and work collaboravely (with appropriate agencies) to ensure the infrastructure and facilies they collecvely own are well maintained and ulised in an appropriate manner

The community preserves the current network of paper roads in the Rawene area to ensure adequate access to property in the future, and seeks greater provision for vehicle parking in the town centre. 13 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Built Environment and Infrastructure Goals (2):

Goals Key Acons Led By Support Partners Potenal Funding Timeframes

Provision of affordable, The community will explore the feasibility of efficient, serviceable and community-owned collecve electricity generaon environmentally friendly and energy self-sufficiency systems, including the infrastructure. provision of Electric Vehicle Charging Staons.

Make provision to support Explore and idenfy opportunies, eg providing and Dave West. As part of “value, enjoy This item could also economic and social iniaves maintaining infrastructure and services; use of Paul Bowker. and appreciate” (refer be in the Economic and provide employment. community buildings; extension of cycle trail; mobile to the Economic secon secon. shops; pop-up shops; pontoons; containers; low-cost also). accommodaon for visitors; “mine” ideas in other Plan Awanui Informaon kete for economic opportunies. Create a local Centre. ‘Informaon Centre’.

Create indoor and outdoor Provide covered open-air space (eg Matakana market) Arts/Music groups. Part of “value, enjoy This item could also social spaces to expand market and stage for performances (Town Hall Square revamp Market day and appreciate”. (refer be in the Economic days; encourage musical events; with covered/shaded area and small stage); pub organisers. to the Economic secon secon. make use of open spaces. carpark; improve use of existing community buildings Garry Clarke. of the plan also). (e.g. improve internal layout of Rawene Service Centre. (Eru Wano).

Looking up the Waima River. across the Rawene Domain. 14 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 People and Community Focus Area (1) We are a vibrant, caring and healthy community, renowned for its friendly and welcoming approach. We create many opportunies to upli and support our people.

What qualies are important, valued, and/or How can we ensure connuaon? Who do we engage, work and/or partner appreciated? with, to achieve this?

We are a vibrant community. We have a creave, innovave and collaborave We foster a sense of community and Hokianga Environmental Protecon Group community, rich in community events. collecve responsibility. (HEPG). School. All acvity groups. We ensure that the voices of our children, youth and We support collaboraon between groups Hokianga Community Educaon Trust. elders are heard. to run local events with broad community Hokianga Health Enterprise Trust. involvement.

We are a caring community . We are rich in volunteers and have a culture of We value our volunteers and show this by RARA. community contribuon, interdependence and celebrang them and fostering community RAD. caring, which we strive to pass on to the next cohesion. Community members. generaon. We help those in need, for instance through Volunteer organisaons. We are strong in volunteer services such as Fire sharing resources such as transport or food. Hokianga Health Enterprise Trust. Service, St John, Hokianga Hospital Auxiliary.

We are a healthy community. We are fortunate to have a community-governed We promote healthy lifestyles by living Hokianga Health Enterprise Trust. health trust which operates according to the four healthily and share these values with others Alternave/preventave health. well-beings: wairua (spiritual), nana (physical), through educaon and events. We listen to Community members. hinengaro (mental) and whanau (social); and a and address the concerns of children, youth HEPG. community which values healthy lifestyles. and elders. We create spaces and opportunies for rehabilitaon and regeneraon.

We are a friendly, welcoming and Everyone knows one another and people greet each We welcome residents to our town with RARA. connected community. other by name in the street. personal leers, newsleers, invitaons to RAD. We maintain and improve ways of keeping people meengs and events. Hokianga Health Enterprise Trust. informed, e.g. the Rawene Newsleer; local Facebook Welcome visitors to community events. Whole Community (see Directory). Pages; websites; Noceboards.

We upli and support our We are rich in organisaons which offer opportunies Support ongoing provision of services such School. Northtec. people. for learning and personal growth, such as our schools, as Polytech courses, mental health support Hokianga Community Educaon Trust. Polytech and local clubs. groups. Hokianga Health Enterprise Trust. Arts/sports/educaon groups. 15 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

People and Community Goals

Goals Key Acons Led By Support Partners Potenal Timeframes Funding

Creang a Vibrant Community. Encourage & support events and ‘happenings’. RAD and Community FNDC. HEPG. HCET. FNDC. Create suitable outdoor (open) and sheltered spaces for Collecve. HHET.Hokianga people to meet, share me and spontaneous Tourism Associaon. conversaon. A ‘Village Green’ or place with trees, shelter and seang, this could be the ‘Town Hall Square’.

Creang a Caring Community. Honour volunteers and set me aside for their Everyone is needed. Community recognion. Everyone is welcome. Directory work is key Encourage volunteerism and construct succession Find a role for every one. to this. RAD, RARA, programmes for those who are volunteers. HHET.

Creang a Healthy Community. Encourage nutrient dense, home food HEPG (Food Day), plus Gail Hokianga Health producon and community gardening. and Kevin. Enterprise Trust, Ensure provision of adequate addicon help. HEPG. Promote healthy eang events/programmes. Ensure there is help for those with depression and mental health issues.

Creang a friendly, welcoming Celebrate our differences but break down the enclaves RAD, RARA, HHET, all Film Fesval and connected community. (what’s broken is the ‘we’ and ‘us’). community clubs and organisers. Celebrate People, their origins and beliefs. organisaons. Focus on invitaon and deliberate inclusion. Create the right spaces and tailor events and meengs to the needs of the many.

Upliing and Supporng People. Support and maintain those organisaons that create and Schools, HCET, Polytech, Sport Northland. confer ‘richness’ to the community. HHET, all local clubs and Treasure and support local schools – they are anchor organisaons. instuons that imbed communies. 16 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Culture, Heritage and Arts Focus Area (1)

We acknowledge the place of Tangata Whenua Māori in our community and aspire to a greater understanding of our respecve cultures. As a community we accept our role in maintaining our unique cultural heritage and take pride in celebrang our shared history.

What features are important, valued, and/or How can we ensure on-going provision Who do we engage, work and/or appreciated? partner with, to achieve this?

We acknowledge the The place of Tangata Whenua Māori within our Support the bicultural kaupapa promoted by our community Local iwi, hapū, kaumātua. place of Tangata community is acknowledged through the respect health trust, the four wellbeings, and use the bicultural Te Rūnanga A Iwi O Ngāpuhi (TRAION). Whenua Māori in our which residents show in following the protocols resources created by the community development team. Hokianga Health Enterprise Trust community. taught by local kaumātua through parcipaon in Care for local Māori sites of significance such as the Okura community development team. acvies such as pōwhiri and tangihanga. Māori reserve near the motorcamp and the Jean Irvine Heritage NZ. The marae at the health trust is located on a site of historic place. cultural significance, Pou Kara Ariki Whenua, and shares its name.

We aspire to gain Our local community offers opportunies to gain Support exisng iniaves such as kōhanga reo, te reo Māori Kōhanga Reo. Playcentre, School. greater understanding understanding of our indigenous culture, and the classes, weaving classes, waka ama, waiata roopu, tradional Northtec. Te Wānanga o Aotearoa. of our respecve cultures which have arrived through immigraon. Māori gardening, art galleries, film compeons, book Hokianga Community Educaon Trust. cultures. fesvals, music events, food days and historical celebraons. HEPG.

We accept our role in We maintain our unique cultural heritage through We parcipate in cultural events as a community. We Te Rūnanga o Te Roroa. maintaining and sharing cultural experiences and knowledge and celebrate the Māori new year (Puanga / Matariki) with Te Rūnanga o Te Rarawa. enhancing our unique through connuing local tradions, and striving to hākari, social events for our elderly, other events. We Te Rūnanga A Iwi O Ngāpuhi (TRAION). cultural heritage. protect local places linked to our cultural heritage. support tradional Rawene community events such as Hokianga Health Enterprise Trust. wānanga, Christmas in the Park, horse racing and film Heritage NZ, Churches. fesvals. We preserve our historic buildings and places.

We take pride in our The collecve history of Rawene, including the Create a local archive for historical film and photographs Te Whakaminenga o Te Māhurehure, shared history. tradional stories, songs and acvies associated which may partly take the form of an online portal to enable Te Māhurehure Roopu Whenua Taonga with places of significance. (Need for archives and access to historical resources. This could include early Trust, Tangata Whenua of Whirinaki, displays). The history of early associaons between colonial photographs and documentaon, informaon about Omanaia, Waima & Taheke as key Māori and Pākehā, including the Treaty, and the local historical buildings and sites of significance, the 1940’s interest groups. colonial history of Rawene including Clendon House documentary about Rawene hospital, local iwi informaon Alexander Turnbull Library. and the library. All aspects of Rawene history are from Te Māhurehure Roopu Whenua Taonga, more recent Hokianga Community Educaon Trust. recognised as contribung to the unique character footage of Ngāpuhi treaty claim hearings & Pou carving. Rawene Library. Local iwi. of the area, and are proudly shared with visitors and Develop a historical walk with informaon displays. locals alike. 17 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Culture, Heritage and Arts Goals

Goals Key Acons Led By Support Partners Potenal Funding Timeframes

Creaon of more visible signs of Idenficaon of sites of significance in consultaon Local Iwi/Hapū and Hokianga Historic Community Board Māori history and connecon on with hapū. Kaumātua. Society. Placemaking Fund. the Rawene Peninsula. New site for the “Rawene Waka”. RARA & RAD. Creaon of interpreve signage & plaques for tradional sites. The use of Pou, carvings, murals etc. for appropriate ‘Cook 250 year sites and ‘story telling’. Celebraons’. Celebraons of key dates and events.

Gaining a greater understanding Connue support for exisng events, celebraons and Community Ventnor group. of the contribung cultures. iniang organisaons. members and Local Iwi/Hapū and Write historical accounts (Women of Rawene, People organisaons. Kaumātua. behind place names etc.) Hokianga Historic Establish beer Rawene Web presentaon. Society. How can Rawene lead on ‘Bicultural’ and ‘Partnership’?

Accepng our role in Establish Puanga / Matariki – as an annual, locally Iwi, hapū. Iwi, hapū. maintaining and enhancing our relevant cultural celebraon. Individuals with Individuals with unique cultural heritage. Uphold the integrity of the Hokianga. knowledge and knowledge and Seek ‘Conservaon Heritage Precinct Status’ for the wisdom. wisdom. relevant poron of the Rawene Peninsula. Hokianga Historic Encourage new, and re-establish ‘lost’ events (e.g. Society. horse racing, book & film fesval).

Taking pride in shared history. Research and record (in book and film) the tradional Hokianga Historic and the untold stories of Hokianga. Society. Archive and display the Hokianga stories. Create a museum where all aspects of Rawene / Hokianga history can be displayed. Respect & recognise Clendon House as a unique Victorian home. Preserve, protect and promote it (and Heritage NZ. all heritage sites) as a landmark site and important visitor aracon. 18 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 Economy Focus Area (1):

We value what we have and what we can develop in a regenerave manner to build a strong and diverse localised economy, to improve of the quality of our lives.

Our acons What do we have of value? How do we express that valuing? Who will lead this and who can help?

Valuing what we Our community and retail facilies. By supporng (physically and financially), caring for and Refer to ‘Natural Environment’ and ‘Built have. Our infrastructure, roads and ferry. maintaining these facilies and services and supporng Environment and Infrastructure’ secons Our Government services and facilies (especially established businesses. of the RCP for specific detail. Health services). By consistently valuing and valorising our people and their Heritage NZ. The ‘flow’ of tourists, our climate & natural gis. Gain FNDC support for a ‘Buy Local’ environment. By encouraging events that highlight our treasures eg Clendon campaign. Our people, our history and culture. House, Jean Irvine sacred place.

What can be developed regeneravely? How can we develop and localise? Who will lead this and who can help?

Valuing what we are Horculture, agriculture & other regenerave land Through educaon & awareness raising. South Hokianga REIG. able to develop management (RLM) systems (e.g. Permaforests for Expand our local market, encourage new business regeneravely. mber, honey, pharmaceucals etc.) opportunies, barter exchange, expanding our market day. Social capital - the ‘human resource’. Using what is produced locally (e.g. elephant grass to The sea and coastal resources. biofuels) Explore new business opportunies e.g. flax, Working with Iwi and hapū. medical marijuana, fibre, water, bees, trees. Use of Timebanks and cooperaves. We reject extracve industries such as mining and See challenges as opportunies – e.g. the lack of childcare oil drilling. facilies.

What makes a strong, diverse, localised and How can we develop those features in the Who will lead this and who can help? regenerave economy? economy of Rawene?

Building a strong, Gaining access to local resources & ensuring that By creang small enterprise case studies, laboratories & South Hokianga REIG. diverse, localised and these are not depleted or exploited. incubators. Local educaon organisaons such as regenerave Build movaon for ‘buy local’. Start with informal co-ops and links and work toward formal school, polytech, wānanga. economy. Increase circulaon of local $’s (increase mulplier cooperaves as the system develops. Local Māori & community. effect). Create diversity & build links between Ringfence community resources and require community economic elements. engagement before any large-scale commercial ventures are Advocang for quality IT infrastructure. approved eg water boling plants. Turning unproducve land into producve land eg Encourage young people into economy. water supply & delivery businesses. Work with organisaons to improve access to online economic opportunies. 19 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 Economy Focus Area (2):

What factors should we consider, measure How can we improve on those factors, for all people? Who will lead this and who can help? and monitor?

Improving our quality Decreasing dependence on benefits. Educaon and awareness. Hokianga Health Enterprise Trust, MSD, of life. Decreasing dependence on drugs. Don’t just focus on the ‘Money In’ side of the economy. Broaden Hau Ora Groups. Reversal of current economic and understanding of ‘community commerce’ and balance the approach Hokianga Tourism Assn. demographic trends. with ‘Money Circulaon and Money Out approaches’. Schools. Improved health educaon, eg healthy Internaonal students opportunies – cultural exchange. All of us. eang, healthy iniaves. Healthy homes, and increasing home ownership (less renng).

Rawene race day. 20 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Economic Goals: “Develop a high level of economic self sufficiency for Rawene and the South Hokianga Region”

Goals Key Acons Support Partners Potenal Funding Timeframes

Re-localise the community “Buy Local” promoons. RAD, Community FNDC. NRC. Start immediately. This is commerce (through Profiling people, organisaons, businesses, innovaons and Newsleer and integral to creang the awareness raising). events. Calendar. Community Collecve.

Promote community Reacvate South Hokianga REIG. FNDC. FNEC. FNDC. NINC. Acvate REIG immediately. ownership of local business. Set up a Rawene Timebank as part of the District-wide Timebank NRC. Ākina Foundaon. Foundaon North, The Rawene Community now being developed. Tindall Foundaon, Collecve is key to future Create a community collecve or cooperave (use the CBEC other funders. development. model).

Remove or minimise barriers Physical: Access, parking, traffic flow problems and space (in FNDC. to development in Rawene. general). Financial: Lack of seed & development funding. Skills: Raise skill levels across the board. Costs: Electricity, Compliance, IT, transport & fuel.

Create a ‘Community Run Basic Business Skills (for start-up businesses, trusts and NorthTec, CBEC. Ākina Draw on Social Collecve’ (RCC) charies) plus Health and Safety programmes for contractors. Foundaon. Enterprise funding (Rawene’s equivalent of Conduct Business Opportunity research (especially for primary NINC, SCION, MBIE, from DIA. CBEC) as a Social Enterprise. industries). Callaghan Inst., etc. The Rawene Community Library (formerly the Run economic awareness programmes to broaden community Courthouse and Jail) and Masonic Hotel (right). ‘commercial/economic’ understanding.

Promoon and support of the Encourage greater numbers of stall holders, growers, cras people Market support group. Local Market. and arsts. How to replicate the Matakana Market in Rawene??

Improve the ‘quality of life’ Provide educaon and awareness programmes. HHT, RCC. by reducing dependence on Create meaningful work that is valued by the community. benefits, drugs & alcohol. Promote healthy eang and exercise facilies & programmes.

Improve the ‘quality of life’ Build a community economy with strong cooperave networks, REIG and Community by revaluing and redefining and a funconing Timebank around basic product and service Collecve. work. provision in the community. 21 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Economic Goals (2)

Goals Key Acons Support Partners Potenal Timeframes Funding

Develop a community database/ Of facilies, services, equipment, skills, organisaons and RCC. directory. clubs, events, courses, general resources and points or sources of energy etc. Measure and monitor the things we value.

Ringfence the natural and Idenfy natural and developed resources at risk. Iwi. DoC. NRC. Local land MBIE. Short to Medium. developed resources of the area. Discuss protecon measures with current owners. owners. Business Owners. Create a variety of protecon mechanisms to safeguard

Secure the Polytechnic facility as Start ownership/control discussions with NorthTec HCET Local Hapū. NRC. As soon as possible. a community-owned and run Secure funding for Hokianga Educaon Trust NorthTec. resource for the Hokianga. Create a series of programmes (as per above/below) Build pool of tutors, trades people and mentors

Promote Tourism. Expand Opportunies in Cultural Tourism, Eco- Tourism, Adventure Hokianga Tourism Associaon. Hokianga Tourism Associaon or Tourism, History and Heritage Tourism experiences, Authenc Local B&B and Air B&B. form a Hokianga Tourism Co-op Rural Life Experience. Kohukohu Businesses and that offers (next column, right): Art, Cra, Wine, Organic Food and Homestead Trails. Galleries.

Extend By-Ways Project & Cycle Create stories and journeys that build extensions to the NINC. NRC. FNDC. Way opportunity. Opononi and Hikurangi end points of current ‘By-way’ Consider Heritage Pubs, Horse journeys. Create ‘Pathways to Rawene’ Journeys. Link Twin Treks and connect to Ventnor Coast Cycle and Ancient Kauri Trails through Rawene. Trail. Invesgate adventure & heritage cycling opportunies. Align with Ventnor Trail & Kohukohu Heritage Trail.

Create a ‘Local Work’ Hub as a Train local people in the skills necessary to take over public MBIE. NINC. FNDC. Community Collecve or works and create labour and housing co-ops to undertake REIG. Cooperave. general construcon work. Develop online resources. Secure Council contracts. NorthTec. Build modular, affordable, co-op owned housing. Provide basic office services for local business. 22 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Economic Goals (3)

Aract Internaonal Students. High school students to experience rural life. Aotearoa DIA. NINC. FNDC. University students for rural and environmental praccum. Hokianga Tourism Community ‘live in’ experience for students of art, film, music, Associaon. maral arts, boat building, Tikanga & Te Reo (Ngāpuhi dialect) etc. NorthTec. Mental Health and Addicon Training at NorthTec Campus.

Increase and retain the working- Aract working-age families with children to the area with job RCC. FNDC. age populaon of Rawene. creaon and/or ‘work from home’ packages and suitable housing, day care/preschool and schooling opportunies.

Hokianga Hospital, Rawene. APPENDIX ONE 23 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 Rawene – Present & Past [Also known as Herd’s Point or Okura]

To the Māori, Rawene-Okura was a religious centre, sacred from me immemorial. For the Pākehā it was to become a commercial and administrave town, catering for the scaered and struggling rural populaon, that relied at first on the extracve kauri mber trade, and Ferry then on pastoral producon. Landing

Domain Township of Rawene; Jean Irvine Reserve

Residential Pasture

Google Maps

Exotic Forest Waima River Lake Omapere Rawene

Kaikohe

Hokianga Harbour

Junction Opononi / OmapereOmanaia Omanaia

- 1 - APPENDIX ONE 24 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

The Boatshed Cafe (right) with the recently SH12 to the Hospital is a mix of pasture and About Rawene renovated “Wedge” (built in 1908 as a sash exoc forestry, with a few residences. Rawene is administered by the Far North District and door factory) above Council. It is in the South Hokianga Riding of the Public Infrastructure -Hokianga Ward, the area covered by the three Ridings of the Kaikohe-Hokianga The “urban” area is steep, and is serviced by Community Board. The Riding elects two relavely narrow formed roads branching to both members to the Community Board. The Ward as sides off a central main road. Only the main road a whole elects one district councillor, and is also and a small stretch of one side road have a Constuency of the Northland Regional footpaths. The District Council maintains these, Council, providing one Regional Councillor. and also maintains the Town Hall, Service Centre, Library, and the Children’s Playground and public Access toilets. The Council also administers the Rawene Two roads provide access to Rawene from the Domain Reserve, most of which is leased for North and the South. Access from the North is by grazing, with a poron being developed as a vehicle ferry, owned by the Far North District horse arena. Council, which contracts-out operaons and The Council also operates reculated water, management. Both roads are vulnerable to wastewater and stormwater systems. The subsidence and flooding. Rawene is dependent on potable water supply is unable to meet demand in mes of drought. these routes being open for delivery of all food, goods and services. There is a weekly domesc rubbish pickup and limited recycling, paid for through rates. The Natural Environment Most properes are dependent on the reculated electricity grid for energy. The lines The harbour, rivers and streams carry a heavy burden of silt. The Rawene peninsula and network is managed by Top Energy, which is governed by an elected community trust. most of the hills on the east bank of the Waima River and the west bank of the Omanaia There is some use of boled gas and solar energy, and some properes have wood fires River have been stripped of their nave vegetaon. There is a small scenic reserve in and wood ovens Rawene, with a remnant of nave bush. Educaon, Social & Support Services The area is generally regarded as sub-tropical. Temperatures can drop to zero in winter, and reach 30+ in summer. Rainfall is spread throughout the year, with generally heavier There is a primary school, a Kōhanga Reo, and a Playcentre, and some home-schooling. falls in winter. Summer drought and dry winters are not uncommon. Strong gusty winds Some primary pupils come into Rawene from other places, and others go to primary are common. schools outside Rawene. The school hall and playing fields are available for public use. Soils are predominantly clay, becoming water-logged in wet weather and hard in dry Secondary school children are bussed to other towns. A campus of the regional condions. Polytechnic (NorthTec) offers a small range of courses. The Hokianga Health Trust runs the Rawene-based Hokianga Hospital, primary health clinics, and a range of mental health, Land Use public health and community health services. Most land is privately owned. The Crown, the Far North District Council, the Department Volunteers run many of the town’s amenies and facilies, among them the Town Hall, of Conservaon, the Māori Trustee, the Ministry of Educaon, the School Board, the Community Library, Golf Course & Club House, Bowls Club, a Community Informaon & Hokianga Health Enterprise Trust and other agencies are among those who own land in Resource centre, a mul-purpose building housing the Sailing Trust, Coastguard and the area. The area from the Hospital to the Ferry Landing has a populaon density about Community gym. the same as a small city’s outer suburbs. The land from the Juncon of Rawene Rd and APPENDIX ONE 25 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

The Fire Brigade and Ambulance Service are voluntary, and the Primary School is run by accounng, financial, insurance, business advice, architectural or other professional an elected volunteer Board. There is also a Police Staon. Community groups also run a services. range of other educaonal, sports, cultural and social services and acvies Rawene’s major employers are all heavily dependent on Government funding, key among A number of Government agencies, Iwi, religious and community groups provide a range them the Hokianga Health Trust, the Rawene Primary School, the Rawene Learning of social services in Rawene, including budget advice, tax advice and a range of Centre of NorthTec, the Kōhanga Reo and the Police. A relavely large number of people informaon and advocacy services. Other services are are dependent on Naonal Superannuaon, Government benefits delivered from, and oen provided in, towns outside Rawene. and/or Working for Families payments. The many voluntary “Rawene,” said our late elder, “is a There are three Church buildings and a Masonic Lodge. community groups are dependent on Government and very spiritual place. You will become philanthropic funding to do their work. Telecommunicaons rich there spiritually, but you mustn’t Almost 50% of the populaon lives in rented accommodaon, and The phone network is copper wire to roadside cabinets and expect to make money there.” many owner-occupied properes are mortgaged. Most rental and then to an exchange, and fibre-opc cable from the exchange. mortgage payments are made to people and/or organisaons This limits the speed and capacity of internet connecons. Township of Rawene; Jean Irvine based outside Rawene. There is also a line-of-site wireless internet and phone service. Most television is via satellite. Cellphone communicaon is The median wage in Rawene is considerably lower than in most generally available. parts of NZ and there is a relavely high level of unemployment and underemployment. Economy Almost all essenal supplies, such as food, energy (electricity, gas, petrol, diesel), clothing, building materials, household goods and appliances etc are “imported” from There are many people with skills, knowledge and experience contribung to most facets other parts of NZ or overseas. Prices are generally higher here, because of the cost of of life in Rawene. freighng food and goods into town, and many people “bulk shop” in other towns to help Historically, Rawene developed as Hokianga’s civic administraon centre, with some keep their costs down. mber milling, trading and shipping acvity. Administraon is now reduced to one local There is comparavely lile “discreonary income” available to help support community government staff member in an office open only two days a week. iniaves. There is lile processing or manufacturing that “adds value” (and therefore There has recently been a revival of people restoring older buildings, including one now wealth) to local or imported raw materials. being used as an art gallery and cafe, and another with three retail spaces. Tourists and visitors are the other major source of “outside income”, but Rawene is not a Rawene has a small retail sector, comprising a general store; a fruit and vegetable shop tourist desnaon. Regular events include an annual Country Music Fesval, and Book that sells some fresh local produce and also sells its own baked goods, preserves and and Film Fesvals in alternate years. There are very few other acvies or aracons to frozen foods; three cafes, including one that also exhibits and sells local arts and cras; a bring people into Rawene and encourage them to stay overnight. Few of the touring takeaway food shop; a pharmacy; a 2nd-hand shop; a laundromat; a commercial fishery drama and musical groups perform in Rawene, preferring instead to go to Omapere. with a licence to sell fresh fish locally; a Service Staon and Mechanical Workshop and an Opononi & Omapere are the preferred venues for touring “pub bands” and other acts. Opp Shop. There is only one Rawene-based business offering visitors a “harbour There is a Hotel with public bar, cafe and accommodaon; a Motor Camp; a bouque bed experience” (kayaking) and no opportunity for exposure to Māori culture. Our one major & breakfast and a few private B&Bs; a hat-maker, a dressmaker., a felter selling garments, exisng aracon, Clendon House, is only open part-me. hats and other items. and a furniture maker. Some people, including real estate agents, We have many talented performers, arsts and musicians among us, but few work from their homes, mostly as sole-traders. Others travel to work daily in other opportunies or venues for them to display their work or perform. towns. There are few resident tradespeople and contractors. There are no legal, APPENDIX ONE 26 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

About Rawene: Populaon About Rawene: Timeline 1800-1900 [Source: 2013 Census Quick Stats about Rawene] 1819: Samuel Marsden journeys to Hokianga, down the Utakura River to Mo Populaon Island near Kohukohu, then on to Whiria at Pakanae, out to the heads, then to 471 people usually live in Rawene; 222 are male, 249 female. The median age Whirinaki, and on to Rawene (which Marsden refers to as Wetewhahetee, and (half are younger, and half older, than this age) is 43.5 years. 20% percent are 65 names its chief as Tarawheka). A party of 50 then sets off up the Waima River years and over, and 24% percent are under 15 years. 64% are Māori, 48% are (then known as the Punakitere). European, 8% are Pacific Islanders, and Asian, Middle Eastern, Lan American 1820: Marsden joins a party sent by Captain Skinner, of the Dromedary, tracing African and Others make up 2%. Note that the total is more than 100% because his earlier route. A member of the party reports “a very large Pah on a point of many people stated more than one ethnicity. 27.7% speak Te Reo Māori and 66.7% speak only one language. land which jued out into the river forming one of the Heads to the entrance”. Households This Pah is generally believed to be Tahere, on the hill above where the Hospital There are 198 occupied dwellings and 30 unoccupied dwellings in Rawene. now stands. One-family households make up 54.0% of all households. One-person Early 1800s: Timber Mill and Shipyards established in Hokianga. households make up 38.%. The average household size is 2.3 people. 1822: Captain Herd visits Hokianga on the Providence, the first trading ship to 54% of households in occupied private dwellings own the dwelling or hold it in enter the Harbour, and loads spars and masts. a family trust. 1826: Herd returns with the Rosanna and another vessel, Lambton, Families commanded by Captain Barne, bringing sawyers and tradesmen with the Couples with children make up 23% of all families in Rawene; couples without intenon of seling them in Hokianga. The voyage is funded by E. G. Wakefield children make up 38%; 41% are one parent with children. via a company that was the precursor of the . Work 16.9% of people over 15 are unemployed. 1827: On 26 January Herd purchases Rawene from Muriwai, an influenal chief Income from Utakura, for the Wakefield Company. Herd returns to Sydney on 11 The median income (half the populaon earns more than this, half earn less) is February aer being warned that an aempt was to be made to seize his ship. $18,100. 6% have no income; 20% earn less than $10.000pa; 43% earn $10,000- One seler remains, and three others later join him. $30,000. 25% receive a welfare benefit and 27% receive Naonal End of 1830s: Most land sales are upriver of Rawene, and comparavely small Superannuaon or another form of pension. areas of land have passed out of Māori hands below Rawene. Most of the 200 Educaon or so European selers in Hokianga are also based upstream of Rawene. 70.3% of people aged 15 years and over have a formal qualificaon. 14.9% of 1837-1838: William White, an “unfrocked” Wesleyan missionary, has a house people aged 15 years have a bachelor's degree or higher. built for him at Rawene while he is on a visit to England. It seems he never lived Phone, Fax & Internet in this house himself. At this me Rawene “had failed to aract Europeans”. 46% of households have access to the Internet. 68% have access to a cellphone. 6% have no access. 1839: William Wakefield inspects the land purchased by Herd and decides it is Access to motor vehicles not suitable for NZ Company purposes. 52% of households have access to one motor vehicle; 25% have access to two; 1840s: No claim of ownership of the Rawene land purchased by Herd is lodged 3.3% have access to three or more. 14% have no access. with the Old Land Claims Commissioners. Mohi Tawhai, Arama Karaka Pi APPENDIX ONE 27 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

(Māhurehure chiefs) and Papahurihia (Omanaia) have 1864: William Clarke surveys Rawene and sets out the previously claimed an interest in the land, but do not 1904: Dives and Ramsay build and open a Town of Rawene, which extends from the end of the dispute Muriwai’s interest. sawmill, later taken over by Union Box and Point to Tahere Pa, just south of the present hospital. 1841-1843: McDonough (or McDonogh) in possession of Timber Co, (an Australian company) which also One secon in every block is set aside for educaon White’s house and acng as Resident Magistrate and operates a joinery factory at Rawene. Lee refers purposes. This area is now known as the Town of Postmaster. Later appointees are based in other places. to an earlier mill at Rawene, but no dates are Rawene and the Suburbs of Rawene. There is no record of “subsequent funconaries” having given. Mill closes in 1920s. Dairying and 1866: Clendon granted an acre of land and builds his lived in Rawene unl about 1861. gumdigging ensure the survival of Kohukohu, house. Late 1840s: Rawene apparently has no permanent Rawene and Opononi as the mber industry 1870s: A me of fast growth in Rawene. Six pre- European inhabitants, and the focus of social and declines, and Rawene becomes the main centre fabricated coages arrive from . The Court- commercial acvity is sll in the upper harbour. of Hokianga, largely because it is the house, Post Office, Methodist Church and Masonic Hotel Downstream from Rawene European commercial and administrave hub. are established. Herd’s Point Hotel is also open. Clendon social acvity remain minimal. (d.1872) holds license to sell beer and spirits. 1850s: Government iniates acon to lay out a township on Herd’s Point. Tawhai, 1870: Spencer von Sturmer appointed Resident Magistrate, based at Rawene, Pi, Papahurihia and others assert their rights to different areas within the under the Resident Magistrate’s Act which gives him summary jurisdicon over selement. both Māori and Europeans. Clendon reres with the passing of the Act. He has a 1851: Morton-Jones (an officer on the survey ship Pandora which charted the reputaon for fair dealing with disputes between the two races. Harbour in 1851) reports that only “two or three sawyers with very ruinous 1871: John Webster, then a magistrate, reports that relaons in the North residences at present hold quiet possession” in Rawene. between Māori and Pākehā are “poor”, despite assurances given to the Governor 1858: Ownership of Rawene “resolved” when the Crown decides that Māori tle a year earlier. had been exnguished by Herd’s deed. Tawhai and Pi reluctantly accept (Land 1875: Post Office established. Commissioner) Bell’s offer of three acres each. 1876: Local Government comes to Hokianga under the Counes Act. Boundaries 1859: William Clarke surveys occupaons of Rawene land, showing occupaons of County of Hokianga established, with two Ridings, Waihou and Waima. by Mohi Tawhai and Arama Karaka Pi ‘on the Point’. Papahurihia is in possession 1878: Rawene populaon stands at 59; 32 males and 27 females. of a small selement on the south side of the peninsula, at Te Raupo. It is Early 1880s: Most public buildings erected, including school, Post Office, County generally acknowledged at the me that the Rawene district comes within Hall and Offices. Government pursues a programme of land selement in Māhurehure tribal territory. Hokianga in light of serious unemployment in Auckland. 1861: Sir convenes meeng of 1500 Māori at Rawene. Decision to 1890s: Rawene described as a “small administrave residenal village only, had locate a Resident Magistrate in Rawene. lile industry unl the sawmill opened there aer the turn of the century”. 1862: J. R. Clendon appointed resident magistrate. There is neither a home for his 1894: Lester Bros open General Store opposite Rawene Wharf. family nor a courthouse from which to operate. At Rawene only a few squaers 1898: Hokianga County writes formal leer to Government complaining that it is are present, one of who is Bryers, with whom the Clendons apparently live for a not taking the threat from rebel Naves seriously, and denying that selers are me. supplying dissident Māori with arms. Hauhau sympathisers, including 1862–1880s: Aer “unraveling the tangled skein of its Hokianga land acquisions Māhurehure hapū of Waima, are “procuring and concealing firearms and in exchange for scrip” the Government ignores Hokianga. The Montefiore Grant ammunion”, in response to a recently imposed “dog tax” by-law. This is (416 acres), on the Omanaia River just south of Rawene, is the only approved described as “the last organised violent protest in the North by Māori people, purchase not exchanged for scrip. “who had in such a short space of me suffered the ignominy of transformaon 1864: F. E. Maning reports only one European woman in Hokianga. All European from landlord to tenant by the acvies of their erstwhile guests”. selers are married to Māori women or women of Māori descent. APPENDIX ONE 28 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Hapu who record occupation and use of Rawene Muriwai sells Rawene to Herd in Early 19th Century: Tawhai brings his Maori Occupation land in the early 19th C: 1827. The sale covers land from the granddaughter Katarina Kohu (Mrs Te Mahurehure (Waima) Point to south of Tahere Pa. Muriwai, 19th Century Joseph Bryers) and her family back Ngati Hau (Omanaia) from Te Popoto hapu at Utukura, was from the Bay of Islands to take Ngai Tuputo & Ngati Here (Motukaraka and Oue). one of the most influential people in charge of the Mahurehure gardens at Te Popoto (Utakura) also asserted an interest. Hokianga at the time. Tahunahuru (approximately where the mangrove walkway is today) and Te Mahurehure (Waima) chiefs Mohi Pi’s 3 acres. Pi sells to continue the occupation there. one section to the Tawhai and Arama Karaka Pi, and Katarina has mana whenua status in Methodists in 1859. Omanaia chief Papahurihia, say they Rawene through her mother, should at least have been consulted Moehuri. over the sale, as they had legitimate Tahunahuru claims to the land as well. Te Mahurehure Mahurehure also regularly hunt and Tawhai’s 3 acres, later reduced to settlement fish around Rawene. Herd purchased the land for the NZ one acre, and then taken by the County for unpaid rates in 1950. Company, which turned it down in Tahunahuru is also the spot where 1837. Tawhai and Pi say they will the koiwi (bones) were sent off in either buy the land back or simply Waima River waka to their final burial place around repossess it, because Maori custom the harbour after the appropriate is that land has to be occupied to be ceremonies had taken place. claimed. In 1862, J R Clendon and his wife Ownership of the land was not Land reclaimed from mudflats for airstrip in Jane live with the Bryers until they resolved in the 1840 Old Land 1930s. Becomes Government property, with are granted an acre of land and build Claims hearings. Despite this, some a portion given to Rawene as a Reserve. their own house. Jane is the Okura portions changed hands many times daughter of Takatowai Te Whata of until the 1858 Old Land Claims Utakura and Dennis Browne hearings in Rawene, when the Cochrane, a pioneer settler. Government took possession of Omanaia Herd’s “title” and Tawhai and Pi were River Okura, where the Motor Camp is offered 3-acre blocks each. The land today, was an early name for was surveyed in 1858, creating the Rawene. It is a place of deep spiritual sections and street layouts for the significance, where significant first time. Te Raupo ceremonies took place and peace was brokered in times of war Tawhai’s block was later reduced to Papahurihia’s Tahere Pa between hapu from all over one acre, and in the 1950s the settlement (Ngati Awa) Hokianga. It was also a whare Council took the land for unpaid rates wananga, where tohunga would and built the pensioner housing instruct selected boys in special there. Whatitiri teachings and rights. Hokianga chiefs (Maunga) met there to discuss signing Te Tiriti o Papahurihia (also known as Te Atua Waitangi, and continued to meet Wera), settles at Te Raupo where he 1550-1560: Formative period of Ngapuhi iwi. there well into the 20th Century. has family connections, in 1845. He Rahiri marries Whakaruru at Rawene, and moves to Whiria (at is affiliated to Ngati Hau, Te Hikutu, Pakanae), which becomes the citadel of Ngapuhi. Rahiri was born at Ngai Tawake, and Te Waiariki, and is Whiria and is the son of Tauramoko, a descendant of Nukutawhiti, *"This"reference"is"from"Hokianga,"by"Jack"Lee," regarded as the spiritual leader of and Hauaangiangi, daughter of Puhi. “… all Ngapuhi of importance p21."He"sources"it"to"Smith,"S.P.;"Supplement/to/ Ngapuhi. An early map shows seven trace their descent” to Rahiri. * the/Journals/of/the/Polynesian/Society,"Vol"5,"p29. dwellings there. Other"accounts"differ. APPENDIX ONE 29 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 Rawene Sites of Archaeological Significance 1550-1560: Formave period of Ngāpuhi iwi.

Rahiri marries Whakaruru (Ngāawa?) at Rawene, and moves to Whiria (at Pakanae), which becomes the citadel of Ngāpuhi. Rahiri was born at Whiria and is the son of Tauramoko, a descendant of Nukutawhi, and Hauaangiangi, daughter of Puhi. “… all Ngāpuhi of importance trace their descent” to Rahiri. [See Hokianga; Jack Lee p21]

Sources: Jack Lee; Hokianga; Hodder & Stoughton; 1987. Jean Irvine, Township of Rawene; 1976. At the Margin of Empire - John Webster and Hokianga, 1814-1900; Jennifer Ashton; Auckland University Press; 2015. Claire Kaahu White, Not for Oneself, But For All: Ehara moku, mo te katoa; Rawene Primary School; 2009. Cyclopedia of NZ 1902 http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/name-412283.html http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-Cyc02Cycl-t1-body1-d2-d45.html New Zealand History Online http://www.nzhistory.net.nz/culture/history-of-new-zealand-1769-1914 Te Ara Encylopaedia of NZ http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/northland-places/page-11 NZ Dictionary of Biography, Vol 1, 1990. http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1p4/papahurihia-penetana Papers Past http://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/cgi-bin/paperspast NRC water quality reports ArcGIS Mapping Google Maps From Rawene Past & Present; David West, October 2013; updated June 2017

ArcGIS Mapping

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Ideas generated during public consultation

Tony Bridge APPENDIX TWO 31 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Ideas generated during public consultaon There were several rounds of public consultaon before the planning process was reviewed in 2014. Some inial analysis was done of the hundreds of ideas put forward. One format grouped ideas (“Items”) into the following categories: Arts; Educaon; Facilies; Amenies; Environment; Economic Opportunies; People; Recreaon & Sport; The Town; Events; Young People. The following Table shows how these categories fit within the “Focus Area” format adopted aer the plan process was re-started, and as presented in this Plan. This is followed by the original tables lisng the ideas put forward.

Guests and visitors at the Rawene Primary School 150th anniversary. Children’s sailing day (le). APPENDIX TWO 32 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

The Vision Framework for Rawene Community Plan “There is only one Rawene. It is unique. It is our place.”

The Rawene Natural Environment: Built Environment & People and Community: Culture, Arts & Heritage Economy: Community We embrace our role as Infrastructure: We are a vibrant, caring, connected We acknowledge the place We value what we have and Plan stewards of our natural and We value the unique and healthy community, renowned for of Tangata Whenua Māori what we can develop in a Structure modified environments, and character of our heritage its friendly and welcoming approach. in our community and aspire regenerave manner to we preserve and enhance precinct and its buildings. We We create many opportunies to to a greater understanding build a strong and diverse healthy lands, rivers, sea enjoy and appreciate the upli and support our people. of our respecve cultures. local economy, to improve and atmosphere, using availability of affordable As a community we accept the quality of our lives. ecologically regenerave housing and the provision of our role in maintaining our pracces. infrastructure that is efficient, unique cultural heritage and serviceable and take pride in celebrang our environmentally friendly. shared history.

The ideas and Environment The Town People Arts Economic Opportunies structure that Harbour, Land Use. Heritage Precinct, Buildings, Relaonships, atudes, community Visual arts, film-making, Business, Tourism, emerged Streets, Taonga, History. contribuon and development. music, drama, dance, Educaon. from inial Facilies Educaon poetry, literature. rounds of Transport, Maintenance, School, Kohanga Reo, Playcentre, consultaon Rubbish. Polytechnic, St John Ambulance. Maori Culture & Heritage Amenies Recreaon, Sport, Keeping Healthy Water, Sewerage, Stormwater, Sailing, golf, horse riding, karate, Pakeha Culture and Electricity, Energy, Broadband. bands, walking, swimming, bowling, Heritage dancing. Events Young People (Excluding educaon) Services Police, Fire, Hospital. Ambulance, Coastguard. APPENDIX TWO 33 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 APPENDIX TWO 34 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 APPENDIX TWO 35 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 APPENDIX TWO 36 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 APPENDIX TWO 37 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 APPENDIX TWO 38 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 APPENDIX TWO 39 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 APPENDIX TWO 40 Rawene Community Plan August 2017 APPENDIX TWO 41 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Vehicles disembarking the Ferry, Lower Parnell St. 42 Rawene Community Plan August 2017

Rawene: “Where the sun rises and the sun sets”