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Office of Polar Programs
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION DRAFT (15 January 2004) FINAL (30 August 2004) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22230 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA FINAL COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Purpose.......................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE) Process .......................................................1-1 1.3 Document Organization .............................................................................................................1-2 2.0 BACKGROUND OF SURFACE TRAVERSES IN ANTARCTICA..................................2-1 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Re-supply Traverses...................................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Scientific Traverses and Surface-Based Surveys .......................................................................2-5 3.0 ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................................................................3-1 -
A NEWS BULLETIN Published Quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC)
A NEWS BULLETIN published quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC) An English-born Post Office technician, Robin Hodgson, wearing a borrowed kilt, plays his pipes to huskies on the sea ice below Scott Base. So far he has had a cool response to his music from his New Zealand colleagues, and a noisy reception f r o m a l l 2 0 h u s k i e s . , „ _ . Antarctic Division photo Registered at Post Ollice Headquarters. Wellington. New Zealand, as a magazine. II '1.7 ^ I -!^I*"JTr -.*><\\>! »7^7 mm SOUTH GEORGIA, SOUTH SANDWICH Is- . C I R C L E / SOUTH ORKNEY Is x \ /o Orcadas arg Sanae s a Noydiazarevskaya ussr FALKLAND Is /6Signyl.uK , .60"W / SOUTH AMERICA tf Borga / S A A - S O U T H « A WEDDELL SHETLAND^fU / I s / Halley Bav3 MINING MAU0 LAN0 ENOERBY J /SEA uk'/COATS Ld / LAND T> ANTARCTIC ••?l\W Dr^hnaya^^General Belgrano arg / V ^ M a w s o n \ MAC ROBERTSON LAND\ '■ aust \ /PENINSULA' *\4- (see map betowi jrV^ Sobldl ARG 90-w {■ — Siple USA j. Amundsen-Scott / queen MARY LAND {Mirny ELLSWORTH" LAND 1, 1 1 °Vostok ussr MARIE BYRD L LAND WILKES LAND ouiiiv_. , ROSS|NZJ Y/lnda^Z / SEA I#V/VICTORIA .TERRE , **•»./ LAND \ /"AOELIE-V Leningradskaya .V USSR,-'' \ --- — -"'BALLENYIj ANTARCTIC PENINSULA 1 Tenitnte Matianzo arg 2 Esptrarua arg 3 Almirarrta Brown arc 4PttrtlAHG 5 Otcipcion arg 6 Vtcecomodoro Marambio arg * ANTARCTICA 7 Arturo Prat chile 8 Bernardo O'Higgins chile 1000 Miles 9 Prasid«fTtB Frei chile s 1000 Kilometres 10 Stonington I. -
Station Sharing in Antarctica
IP 94 Agenda Item: ATCM 7, ATCM 10, ATCM 11, ATCM 14, CEP 5, CEP 6b, CEP 9 Presented by: ASOC Original: English Station Sharing in Antarctica 1 IP 94 Station Sharing in Antarctica Information Paper Submitted by ASOC to the XXIX ATCM (CEP Agenda Items 5, 6 and 9, ATCM Agenda Items 7, 10, 11 and 14) I. Introduction and overview As of 2005 there were at least 45 permanent stations in the Antarctic being operated by 18 countries, of which 37 were used as year-round stations.i Although there are a few examples of states sharing scientific facilities (see Appendix 1), for the most part the practice of individual states building and operating their own facilities, under their own flags, persists. This seems to be rooted in the idea that in order to become a full Antarctic Treaty Consultative Party (ATCP), one has to build a station to show seriousness of scientific purpose, although formally the ATCPs have clarified that this is not the case. The scientific mission and international scientific cooperation is nominally at the heart of the ATS,ii and through SCAR the region has a long-established scientific coordination body. It therefore seems surprising that half a century after the adoption of this remarkable Antarctic regime, we still see no truly international stations. The ‘national sovereign approach’ continues to be the principal driver of new stations. Because new stations are likely to involve relatively large impacts in areas that most likely to be near pristine, ASOC submits that this approach should be changed. In considering environmental impact analyses of proposed new station construction, the Committee on Environmental Protection (CEP) presently does not have a mandate to take into account opportunities for sharing facilities (as an alternative that would reduce impacts). -
Balloons up and Away
Published during the austral summer at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, for the United States Antarctic Program December 21, 2003 Home away Balloons up and away from Dome By Kris Kuenning TRACER Sun staff As steel and plywood panels continue to go up at the new takes flight Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station building, this season’s By Brien Barnett residents are living out the transi- Sun staff tion from old Dome to new sta- Inside TRACER mission tion. control, Patrick “JoJo” Boyle With the summer crew set- sits in the six-foot square tling into the first two occupied office listening to music and sections of the new station, there watching computer monitors is some nostalgia for Dome life, for incoming data and mes- but the large new dining facility, sages. with windows overlooking the Every now and then Boyle ceremonial South Pole, has won points to the monitor where a a lot of hearts over already. string of bright red pixels “I don’t miss the old galley suddenly appear, indicating a one bit,” said cargo technician recent high-energy cosmic Scot Jackson, “and I really ray event. The tone of his thought I would.” voice shows excitement. Head chef “Cookie” Jon “Oooh, that’s a big Emanuel is enjoying the new event… That’s an iron event facilities, too, but is feeling the for sure … There’s another pangs of the transition when it one.” comes to getting supplies up to Behind him, in the office the second floor kitchen. Despite at McMurdo Station’s Crary the limiting size and aging facil- Laboratory is a map of ities of the old kitchen, the food Antarctica with a semicircle stores were always in easy reach of sticky notes stuck to it. -
Mcmurdo Station, Antarctica MASTER PLAN for WORLD’S COLDEST AIRPORT
McMurdo Station, Antarctica MASTER PLAN FOR WORLD’S COLDEST AIRPORT Ty C. Sander, PE Vice President & Aviation Group Manager (BSCE ‘98) Andrew J. Bodine, PE, CM Project Manager (BSCE ‘11) Overview 1. Antarctica 2. Air Operations in Antarctica 3. Single Airfield Complex Master Plan Similar But Different • Air Passenger Terminal Similar But Different • Air Passenger Terminal Similar But Different • Air Passenger Terminal Antarctica: A Place of Extremes • Coldest • Driest • Windiest • Least Inhabited • Most Isolated • Harshest Antarctica: A Place of Extremes 5.4M Sq. Miles Antarctica: A Place of Extremes • 98% Ice Covered • 70% World’s Fresh Water • 6,000 ft Thick Why Antarctica? SCIENCE Unique Species Why Antarctica? SCIENCE Unique Species Why Antarctica? SCIENCE Unique Geology Why Antarctica? SCIENCE Unique Climate Why Antarctica? SCIENCE Unique Environment Antarctica Development • National Science Foundation – USAP – McMurdo 1955 • Farthest South Accessible by ship National Science Foundation (NSF) Operations US Stations: • Palmer • McMurdo • South Pole NSF Cycle of Operations at McMurdo • Austral Winter • Nearly 6 months of darkness • Skeleton Crew (~150) • Limited Maintenance/ Construction • No Transport Apr-Aug NSF Cycle of Operations at McMurdo Sep: Winfly Oct-Nov: Major Influx Dec-Jan: Peak Population 1,300 Continent 1,000 @ McMurdo Feb-Mar: Northern Migration Why Air Operations in Antarctica? Limited Options Sea transport 2 ships per year: Cargo, Fuel Led in by icebreaker Why Air Operations in Antarctica? • Land transport – No paved -
The Antarctic Sun, January 20, 2002
www.polar.org/antsun The January 20, 2002 PublishedAntarctic during the austral summer at McMurdo Station, Antarctica, Sun for the United States Antarctic Program New dome in the neighborhood The Ice cools as world warms By Kristan Hutchison Sun staff Despite the recent streak of unusual- ly warm weather around McMurdo Station, the overall trend in Antarctica continues to be cold and colder. While the rest of the world seems to be warming, scientists doing Long- Term Ecological Research (LTER) in the Dry Valleys near McMurdo Sound found at least some parts of the icy con- tinent were still chilling in the “We don’t 1990s. The tem- perature drop sets know why off a chain of reactions in the this part of Photo by Lucia Simion/Special to The Antarctic Sun Dry Valleys, lead- French and Italian workers construct one of two new buildings at Dome C, a new station being ing to the kind of the Antarctic built on the high plateau. It is only the third permanent research station on the polar plateau, mass devastation is cooling.” joining the U.S. Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station and Russia’s Vostok Station. The site was of invertebrate Andrew Fountain, chosen to do research complimentary to that done at the South Pole. Read a full story on the populations that glacialogist new station on page 7. would have ani- mal lovers crying if the microscopic worms were large and fluffy. Heat wave melts ice, floods valleys "This is a fairly rapid response to these changes," said Peter Doran, a By Melanie Conner in the summer, but it doesn't usually stay in LTER hydrometeorologist from the Sun staff the 40s for a long time," said Jim Frodge, University of Illinois, and lead author of Antarctica is too warm this summer. -
Brominated Flame Retardants in Antarctic Air in the Vicinity of Two All-Year Research Stations
atmosphere Article Brominated Flame Retardants in Antarctic Air in the Vicinity of Two All-Year Research Stations Susan Maria Bengtson Nash 1,*, Seanan Wild 1, Sara Broomhall 2 and Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto 3 1 The Southern Ocean Persistent Organic Pollutants Program (SOPOPP), Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia; [email protected] 2 Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Emerging Contaminants Section, Canberra 2601, Australia; [email protected] 3 Norwegian Institute for Air Research, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway; [email protected] * Correspondence: s.bengtsonnash@griffith.edu.au Abstract: Continuous atmospheric sampling was conducted between 2010–2015 at Casey station in Wilkes Land, Antarctica, and throughout 2013 at Troll Station in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Sample extracts were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and the naturally converted brominated compound, 2,4,6-Tribromoanisole, to explore regional profiles. This represents the first report of seasonal resolution of PBDEs in the Antarctic atmosphere, and we describe con- spicuous differences in the ambient atmospheric concentrations of brominated compounds observed between the two stations. Notably, levels of BDE-47 detected at Troll station were higher than those previously detected in the Antarctic or Southern Ocean region, with a maximum concentration of 7800 fg/m3. Elevated levels of penta-formulation PBDE congeners at Troll coincided with local building activities and subsided in the months following completion of activities. The latter provides important information for managers of National Antarctic Programs for preventing the release of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic substances in Antarctica. Citation: Bengtson Nash, S.M.; Wild, S.; Broomhall, S.; Bohlin-Nizzetto, P. -
A Review of Inspections Under Article 7 of the Antarctic Treaty and Article 14 of Its Protocol on Environmental Protection, 1959- 2001
º XXVI ATCM Information Paper IP-118-ASOC/UNEP/Rev.1 Agenda Item: ATCM 11 ASOC/UNEP Original: English A REVIEW OF INSPECTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 7 OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY AND ARTICLE 14 OF ITS PROTOCOL ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, 1959-2001 Madrid, 9/20 de junio 2003 1 XXVI ATCM Information Paper 118/Rev.1 June 2003 Original: English Agenda Item 11 A REVIEW OF INSPECTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 7 OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY AND ARTICLE 14 OF ITS PROTOCOL ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, 1959- 2001 Submitted to the XXVI ATCM by the Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition and the United Nations Environment Programme 2 A REVIEW OF INSPECTIONS UNDER ARTICLE 7 OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY AND ARTICLE 14 OF ITS PROTOCOL ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, 1959- 2001 I. INTRODUCTION Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty and Article 14 of the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty enable Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties to conduct inspections in order to promote the objectives and ensure compliance with the provisions of the Antarctic Treaty and its Protocol. Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty establishes the right of free access for observation and inspection by the Contracting Parties. Observers designed under Article VII (1) “shall have complete freedom of access”, including the conducting of aerial observations, “at any time to any or all areas of Antarctica.” The facilities that may be inspected include “all stations, installations and equipment within those areas, and all ships and aircraft at points of discharging or embarking cargoes or personnel in Antarctica.” Article 14 of the Protocol establishes that Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties “shall arrange, individually or collectively, for inspections by observers to be made in accordance with Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty.” During inspections, observers should be given access to “all parts of stations, installations, equipment, ships and aircraft open to inspection under Article VII of the Antarctic Treaty, and to all records” that are maintained at those facilities in accordance to Protocol requirements. -
The Antarctic Sun, February 9, 1997
Antarctica Sun Times - ONLINE February 9, 1997 The Antarctica Sun Times is published by the U.S. Naval Support Force Antarctica, Public Affairs Office, in conjunction with the National Science Foundation and Antarctic Support Associates. Opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the U.S. Navy, NSF, ASA, DON, or DOD, nor do they alter official instructions. For submissions please contact the Antarctica Sun Times staff at extension 2370. The Antarctica Sun Times staff reserves the right to editorial review of all submissions. The Antarctica Sun Times-Online is published in McMurdo Station, Antarctica NSFA Completes 41st and Final Deployment by JO2 Trevor Poulsen When Naval Support Force, Antarctica (NSFA) returns to homeport this year, its long commitment to exploration of the world's most southern continent will come to an end. The one hundred-plus member command from Port Hueneme, Calif. has been making yearly deployments to the Antarctic since Operation DEEP FREEZE I during the 1955-1956 austral summer season. That year, 1,800 men aboard seven ships came to Ross Island with a mission to establish an airfield and base of operations. The Sailors of NSFA succeeded in building McMurdo Station, thereby opening up the continent for long-term scientific research. Today, McMurdo is the largest settlement in Antarctica, with all of the infrastructure, buildings and comforts of a small town. But, NSFA has become considerably smaller in recent years as private contractors have taken on a larger role in the United States Antarctic Program. Since the departure of the Seabees and the Public Works Department in 1993, NSFA's contribution includes, but is not limited to meteorology, air traffic control and communications. -
Mmymtmmx* a N E W S B U L L E T I N
mmymtmmx* A N E W S B U L L E T I N published b y t h e NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY 7i^ ■ I l , U.S.N.S. MAUMEE DOCKED AT McMURDO. Official U.S. Navy photo. Vol. 5, No. 9 MARCH, 1970 AUSTRALIA y»L/ E 'T w / ) WELLINGTONI -SCHRISTCHURCH I NEW ZEALAND TASMANIA VOSS DEPENDED ^ <k \^«**V t\ / Byrd(US)* ANTARCTICA, \ / l\ Ah Pliteiu <US)0<' Alferej Sobnl (Arj) < J,Gtncnl Belfrano \ / W N G M A L ) 0 \ j H . l l t y B a y ( U K ) / ^ < / (USSR)X%*r)\»»A-^ %^D "VVAY) I * aXA Tsplent."xsfi&** ^J#/&**?&- (USSM ^V^X^^ ^'^ 0r< DRAWN BY DEPARTMENT OF LANDS * SURVEY WELLINGTON. NEW ZEALAND. AUG IM9 3rd EDITION MLiHTOA IB ©INKD" (Successor to "Antarctic News Bulletin") Vol. 5. No. 9 57th ISSUE MARCH, 1970 Contributions, enquiries, etc., to the Acting Editor, C/- P.O. Box 2110, Wellington. Business Communications, Subscriptions, etc., to: Secretary, New Zealand Antarctic Society, P.O. Box 2110, Wellington, N.Z. CONTENTS ■ EXPEDITIONS New Zealand The First Year at Vanda Station: S. K. Cutfield U.S.A. France Belgium Australia U.S.S.R. South Africa Japan 389, 406 United Kingdom Argentina Sub-Antarctic Islands Flights to the Pole Antarctic Bookshelf Co-operation in Antarctic Research Antarctic Tourism 403 March, 1970 BAD WEATHER HAMPERS ACTIVITIES AT NEW ZEALAND STATIONS At Scott Base. Vanda Station and in the field, a very extensive summer programme was carried through despite much stormy weather and in the face of unexpected transport and other difficulties. Leader Bruce Willis reported late in AT TERRA NOVA BAY December: Unfortunately not as much ground as "With such a splendid start to the expected was covered by the four-man month as the celebration of the tenth DS1R geological party at Terro Nova anniversary of the signing of the Ant Bay owing to a combination of deep arctic Treaty, it seemed that we were soft snow and warm weather, but never set for a period of concerted activity. -
Weather Observing and Transmitting Problems in the Antarctic
Glacier arrived in Long Beach, California on 5 April after making Lyttleton on 25 January, loaded additional cargo for McMurdo port calls in Montevideo, Uruguay; Rio De Janeiro and For- Station and Scott Base and departed for McMurdo on 26 Janu- taleza, Brazil; and Puerta Vallarata, Mexico. ary. Polar Star escorted Green Wave into Winter Quarters Bay on 1 USNS Maumee loaded petroleum products in the Mediterra- February, and cargo offload and retrograde onload was accom- nean and arrived at McMurdo Station under escort of Polar Star plished by 8 February (see figure 3). Green Wave delivered a total on 25 January 1985. Maumee moored to the ice pier and Polar Star of 6,272,000 pounds of cargo to McMurdo Station this season. nested outboard Maumee to receive fuel (see figure 2). Maumee Green Wave departed McMurdo Station on 9 February and ar- delivered 768,400 gallons of marine diesel fuel to Polar Star and rived in Port Lyttleton on 18 February after a 3-day delay due to discharged a total of 3,563,450 gallons of petroleum products to a main propulsion engineering casualty experienced while un- McMurdo Stations storage tanks. Maumee completed refueling derway. On 22 February, after waiting for engineering spare operations, ballasted down, and departed McMurdo Station parts, Green Wave departed for Port Hueneme, California, and with the assistance of Polar Star on 31 January. On 5 February arrived on 11 March. Maumee arrived in Port Lyttleton, New Zealand, and departed The cargo ship operations were supported by a National the following day. Science Foundation agreement (CA-165) with the Department of Defense. -
Nan Ummsmmm a N E W S B U L L E T I N
nan UmmSmmm A N E W S B U L L E T I N p u b l i s h e d q u a r t e r l y b y t h e NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC) BORGA BASE. A WINTERING STATION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION IN WESTERN QUEEN MAUD LAND. ESTABLISHED IN MAY. 1969' THE BASE IS 350 KILOMETRES SOUTH OF THE MAIN BASE. SANAE. IT WAS BUILT AT A HEIGHT OF 7920FT IN THE BORGE MASSIF. NEAR THE HULDRESLOITTET NUNATAK, AND IS LOCATED AT 72 DEG 50 MIN S - 3DEG 48 MIN W. South African Geological Survey Photo | '.▶'Hev*^ ■ w. ■_■_ /+:-£*&■ ' •Tf*^*' Registered at Post Office Headquarters. Vol. 7. No. 1 Wellington, New Zealand, as a magazine. March, 1974 e-.i.-. M' AUSTRALIA CHRISTCHURCH NEW ZEALAND TASMANIA /^WsDEPENDENcy^. v£ft\ \**° \ 'Sis \ / - V\ . H i lt l e t te f U ! . ) /y . \\(nz) w |X XrS8* •V, / Byrd (US)* ANTARCTICA, Alferei Sobral (Arg)* />*> -toa \ - ^ING mauo\ « Molodyozhnaya^'^. VO/?way * xA ass** (USSR) (USSR)/^ * I B o r g M a s s i f \ <^*/SI{ny I (UK) DRAWN BY DEPARTMENT OF LANDS 4 SURVEY WELLINGTON. NEW ZEALAND. AUG 1969 3rd EDITION vrii::.T■ e<ui^*[PiiLB(S1Fa(B*d (Successor to "Antarctic News Bulletin") Vol. 7. No. 1 73rd Issue Editor: J. M. CAFFIN, 35 Chepstow Avenue, Christchurch 5. Address all contributions, enquiries, etc., to-the Editor. All Business Communications, Subscriptions, etc., to: Secretary, New Zealand Antarctic Society (Inc.), P.O. Box 1223, Christchurch, N.Z. CONTENTS ARTICLES POLAR CRIMINAL LAW 27, 28, 29 QUAIL ISLAND 31, 32 POLAR ACTIVITIES NEW ZEALAND 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 UNITED KINGDOM 9, 10, 11 AUSTRALIA 19, 20, 21, 22 UNITED STATES 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 SOVIET UNION 30 FRANCE 23, 24 SOUTH AFRICA 25, 26 ARGENTINE ITALY GENERAL TOURISM OBITUARY THE READER WRITES ANTARCTIC BOOKSHELF 34, 35, 36 Winter is always cold in Antarctica; this year it will be colder for the men living there.