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Phoenix: Il Nuovo Aeroporto Antartico

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Phoenix: Il Nuovo Aeroporto Antartico Phoenix: il nuovo aeroporto antartico C’è un nuovo aeroporto in Antartide. In codice è noto come NZFX (1) ma il suo vero nome è Phoenix Airfield. E’ situato sulla piattaforma di Ross, presso McMurdo: le sue coordinate geografiche sono 77° 57’ 23» Sud e 166° 46’ 00» Est. Phoenix Airfield è stato inaugurato nel gennaio 2017 ed è un aeroporto speciale, unico al mondo, progettato da ingegneri dell’U.S. Army’s Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), di Hanover, New Hampshire in collaborazione con la National Science Foundation. Fra questi ingegneri c’è George Blaisdell, un esperto nella progettazione di piste di atterraggio in Antartide. Phoenix conta una sola pista lunga 3.350 metri, coperta da uno strato di neve compattata da rulli pesantissimi (160.000 libbre, equivalenti a 80.000 chili – il peso di circa 44 automobili). La compattazione ha modificato le caratteristiche della neve e ha creato una pista formidabilmente resistente e dura come ghiaccio o quasi come calcestruzzo. E’ stata concepita per permettere l’atterraggio di aeroplani con ruote come i C-17 Globemaster III della US Air Force, pesanti circa 200.000 tonnellate o altri jet come l’Airbus A-319-115LR dell’Australian Antarctic Division che parte da Hobart (e altri ancora). Phoenix accoglierà circa 60 voli all’anno di C-17 – che fanno la spola fra Christchurch in Nuova Zelanda e McMurdo, lo hub logistico del Programma Antartico Americano nell’area del mare di Ross. Il nuovo aerodromo servirà anche per la base Scott (Nuova Zelanda) e tutte le basi scientifiche situate nell’area del mare di Ross (Mario Zucchelli, Jang Bogo, Gondwana) e Amundsen-Scott South Pole station. Estratto da www.newsdaipoli.it | 1 Phoenix: il nuovo aeroporto antartico La pista dell’aerodromo Phoenix – sulla destra l’isola di Ross con la silhouette dell’Erebus (c) Bill Henriksen/NSF/US Antarctic Photo Library Un C-17 Globemaster III della US Air Force atterra sulla pista Phoenix presso McMurdo, febbraio 2017. (c) Jack Green/NSF/US Antarctic Photo Library. Estratto da www.newsdaipoli.it | 2 Phoenix: il nuovo aeroporto antartico Per ottenere la certificazione della pista nel novembre 2016 un C-17 ha effettuato due atterraggi, due decolli e alcune manovre nell’area di parcheggio (c) Mike Lucibella/US Antarctic Photo Library. La nuova pista sostituisce Pegasus airfield (sigla NZPG) – la pista su ghiaccio situata a sulla piattaforma di Ross a 13 km di distanza da McMurdo e oramai danneggiata in modo irreparabile (è comunque stata utilizzata per 26 anni). Contrariamente a Pegasus – che permetteva l’atterraggio dei C-17 solo all’inizio della campagna estiva – Phoenix Airfield riceverà i C-17 durante tutta l’estate australe; questo consentirà agli Hercules LC-130 di restare sul continente antartico e fare la spola fra McMurdo e South Pole oppure di recapitare viveri e materiale a campi remoti come Shackleton camp (459 miglia nautiche da McMurdo), Siple Dome (507 miglia nautiche da McMurdo), WAIS Divide Field Camp (891 miglia nautiche da McMurdo) – anziché fare la navetta fra Christchurch e McMurdo per trasportare passeggeri e materiale. Per i ricercatori e i tecnici impegnati in missioni in campi remoti gli Hercules LC-130 sono indispensabili. Estratto da www.newsdaipoli.it | 3 Phoenix: il nuovo aeroporto antartico Un Hercules LC 130 in Groenlandia. (c) US Antarctic Photo Library Gli Hercules LC-130 con gli sci (ski-birds) sono gestiti dalla 109th Airlift Wing – un’unità della New York Air National Guard di base allo Stratton Air National Guard Base, a Schenectady, stato di New York. La 109th Airlift Wing dà supporto logistico aereo alle missioni della National Science Foundation (NSF) in Antartide durante l’estate australe e nell’Artico (Groenlandia) durante l’estate boreale ed è l’unica unità al mondo a volare su Hercules LC-130. Nella stagione 2015-2016 in Antartide la 109th Airlift Wing ha trasportato – per conto della NSF – 3900 passeggeri, quattro milioni di libbre di materiali e viveri e 1,2 milioni di libbre di carburante. Durante la stagione – che dura 5 mesi – 500 militari dell’aeronautica si davano il Estratto da www.newsdaipoli.it | 4 Phoenix: il nuovo aeroporto antartico turno alla base McMurdo. A fine stagione uno dei sei Hercules LC-130 (gli unici al mondo) è volato da McMurdo alla base australiana Davis, distante 1400 miglia, per caricare 35 australiani che dovevano rientrare in patria a bordo del rompighiaccio Aurora Australis, bloccato alla base australiana Mawson dopo che una tempesta aveva spezzato gli ancoraggi e spinto la nave sulle rocce. Gli Hercules LC-130 hanno partecipato anche a evacuazioni mediche – le cosiddette «Medevac». Ma infine: perché è stato scelto il nome Phoenix? Per ricordare un aereo da trasporto C-121 Constellation che negli anni Sessanta e primi anni Settanta partecipava alle operazioni logistiche del programma antartico americano. Il suo gemello si chiamava Pegasus. Gli ingegneri del CRREL che hanno progettato la pista Phoenix festeggiano il successo della Estratto da www.newsdaipoli.it | 5 Phoenix: il nuovo aeroporto antartico loro opera; da sinistra a destra: Terry Melendy, Maggie Knuth (Operations Manager della NSF ed ex-ingegnere del CRREL) e George Blaisdell (c) T.J.Melendy, dal sito USACE-US Army Corps of Engineers (1) Codice ICAO: Airport Code (c) Lucia S. Simion 9 dicembre 2017 ALTRI AEROPORTI IN ANTARTIDE: Marambio, Seymour island – SAWB Wilkins, Upper Peterson Glacier – YWKS Amundsen-Scott South Pole station – Jack F. Paulus – NZSP Williams Field – Ross island- NZWD Rothera Point, Adelaide island – EGAR Concordia skyway, AT03 Mario Zucchelli station, NZTB Union Glacier Blue Ice Runway – Ellsworth Mountains- SCGC Video su Union Glacier Runway Teniente R. Marsh Airport -King George Island – SCRM Estratto da www.newsdaipoli.it | 6.
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