The Politics of Gay Marriage in Latin America: Argentina, Chile, and Mexico Jordi Díez Index More Information

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Politics of Gay Marriage in Latin America: Argentina, Chile, and Mexico Jordi Díez Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09914-2 - The Politics of Gay Marriage in Latin America: Argentina, Chile, and Mexico Jordi Díez Index More information Index Abortion alud Integral para la Mijer, A.C . See Mexico Integral Women’s Health: Mexico Shielding of States, 166 – 7 Alvear, Soledad, 218 , 221 , 232 , 233 , 234 , Acción Gay . See Gay Action 234n.82 ACIERA. See Christian Alliance of amparos , 132 , 137 , 173 , 194 Evangelical Organizations: AMSAAC, 182 Argentina Anabitarte, Héctor, 76 , 77 Acuerdo de Vida en Pareja . See AVP ANSES, 118 , 118n.15 , 126 . See National Administración Nacional de Seguridad Social Security System: Social . See National social security Argentina system: Argentina Antidiscrimination Aguayo, Sergio, 186 Mexico City AIDS Healthcare and the European LGTB Enactment, 158 Inter-Parliamentary Group, 183 First in Latin America, 93 Albornoz, Laura, 217 Reforms, 156 – 7 Alessandri, Jorge, 64 , 101 Anti-Gay Bill Alessandri Palma, Arturo, 63 Uganda, 20 Alfonsín, Raúl, 80 , 130 , 144 , 267 , 276 Apostolic Nunciature Alianza Cristiana de Iglesias Evangélicas . Mexico See Christian Alliance of declarations homosexuality, 92 Evangelical Organizations: APSI Argentina Revista Alianza Democrática . See Democratic Chile, 103 Alliance Aquinas, Saint Thomas, 29 Aliverti, Eduardo, 141 Arballo, Gustavo, 141 Allamand, Andrés, 227 , 228 , 230 Arendt, Hannah, 44 Allende, María Isabel, 211 Argentina Allende, Salvador, 100 , 210 Judicial System, 131 – 2 Candidacy Political Instability, 49 Popular Front, 64 Positive case, comparison, 4 Election Argentine Federation of Lesbians, Bisexuals 1970, 65 and Transgendered People, 124 Almeyda, Tati, 140 ARI , 138 281 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09914-2 - The Politics of Gay Marriage in Latin America: Argentina, Chile, and Mexico Jordi Díez Index More information 282 Index Article 365 Bovino, Alberto, 141 Chile Bravo, Daniel, 120 Penal Code, 100n.38 , 102 , 104 , 107 , Brazil 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 Gay Marriage, 254 – 5 Así Brito, Alejandro, 95 , 155n.4 , 160 , 171 , Revista 177n.53 , 178 Argentina, 78 Broad Front, 257 , 258n.9 Asociación Mexicana para la Salud Sexual . Büchi, Hernán, 67 See Mexican Association for Sexual Bucio Mujíca, Ricardo, 184 Health Asociación por los Derechos Civiles . See Cálamo, 92 Association for Civil Rights Calderón, Felipe Association for Civil Rights, 124 Supreme Court Challenge, 3 Atala, Karen, 1 , 20 , 233 Calhoun, Cheshire Atala Case, 1 Gay Marriage Augsburger, Silvia, 130 , 134 , 135 As a right, 44 AVC, 229 , 230 , 231 Callado, Rosita, 141 AVP, 227 , 228 , 230 , 235 , 237 , 238 Calles, Plutarco Elías, 56 Aylwin, Patricio, 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , Calvo, Adriana, 141 103 , 107n.49 , 198 , 203 Calvo, Ernesto, 129 Election, 68 Campaign for Women’s Access to Justice, Human Rights, 72 155 , 168 Ayuquelén, 102 Campaña de Acceso a la Justicia para las Mujeres . See Campaign for Women’s Bachelet, Michelle, 214 , 216 , 217 , 219 , Access to Justice: Mexico 220 , 222 , 223 , 224 , 227 , 235 , Carbonell, Miguel, 192 236 , 237 , 238 , 250 , 251 , 253 , 262 , Cárdenas, Cuauhtémoc, 59 271 , 274 Cárdenas, Lázaro Election 2013, 236 Ascent to power, 56 Balvanera Raids Cárdenas, Nancy, 85 Argentina, 80 Carloto, Estela, 140 Barrales, Alejandra, 174 Castañeda, Lol Kin, 171 , 172 , 173 , 174 , Barrueto, Víctor, 211 175 , 176 , 177 , 177n.53 , 178 , 179 , Bascuñán, Antonio, 232 183 , 186 , 187 , 191 Batres, Martí, 156 Castro, Claudia, 90n.25 , 127 , 127n.37 , Bazán, Osvaldo, 37 , 138 132 , 277 Belgium, 98n.36 , 241 Catholic Church Bellomo, Roque, 120 Argentina Benhabib, Seyla, 40 Opposition Gay Marriage, 140 Bergoglio Opposition vote Senate, 147 Position Gay Marriage, 147 Pressure Senate, 149 – 50 Berlin, Isaiah Maintenance of family, 35 Freedoms Mexico positive and negative, 42 Opposition Gay Marriage, 183 Bimbi, Bruno, 143 Scandal, 176 Blanco, José Joaquín, 88 Catholic Women for the Right to Decide Blood Donation Mexico, 177 Chile Center for Legal and Social Discrimination, 207 Studies, 116 Böhmer, Martín, 141 Center for the Study of Sexuality, 105 Bonaparte, Laura, 82 Centro de Estudios de la Sexualidad . See Bonifaz, Alejandra, 175 Corporation for AIDS Prevention © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09914-2 - The Politics of Gay Marriage in Latin America: Argentina, Chile, and Mexico Jordi Díez Index More information Index 283 Centro de Estudios Legales y Sociales . See Civil Rights Act Center for Legal and Social US, 43 , 240 Studies Civil Solidarity Pact CHA, 80 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 84n.16 , 112 , 114 , Coahuila, 170 115n.8 , 116 , 119 , 119n.17 , 124 , Civil Union Pact. See PUC 127 , 128 , 130 , 133 , 134 , 141 , 149 , Civil Unions 206 , 264 Buenos Aires Legal recognition, 83 – 4 Effects, 123 – 4 Chadwick, Andrés, 218 , 218n.49 , 227 , Enactment, 118 – 23 230 , 231 , 233 , 234 , 235 Mexico City Chamber of Deputies Enactment, 160 – 3 Argentina Civil Unions vs. Gay Marriage Vote on gay marriage, 144 – 5 Argentina, 128 Chile Clarín Authoritarian Enclaves, 68 Editorial position on Gay Marriage, Coup d’Etat 141 , 148 1973, 65 CNI. See National Information Center Demobilization, 71 Coahuila Economic Reform, 66 Civil Unions, 169 – 70 Establishment of consensual politics, 69 Coalición Cívica , 138 Non-case comparison, 4 Coalition for Parties for Democracy. See Political stability Concertación Twentieth century, 62 Código Contravencional . See Referendum, 67 Contravention Code Chile Foundation, 225 Códigos de faltas . See Offence Codes Christian Alliance of Evangelical Colectivo Sol, 92 Organizations Collins, Cath, 72 Argentina, 139 Colombia Christian Democratic Party, Chile, 12 , 13 , Gay Marriage, 255 – 6 72 , 73 , 129n.42 , 200 , 244 Comisión Ciudadana Contra los Crimenes Christian Democrats de Odio por Homofobia . See Chile, 63 Citizens Commission against Cibrián Campoy, Pepé, 149 Homophobic Hate Crimes Cigliutti, César, 112n.1 , 114n.5 , 115n.7 , Comisión Ciudadana de Estudios contra la 115n.8 , 116n.11 , 119 , 119n.16 , Discriminación 121n.22 , 126n.32 , 128 , 133 , 134 , Mexico, 158 134n.54 , 137 Comisión Nacional de Verdad . See Citizens Commission against Homophobic National Truth and Reconciliation Hate Crimes, 155 Commission Citizens Conference of the Americas, 209 Commission of Human Rights Citizens Network in the Support of the Mexico City, 183 Cohabitation Law Common-Law Agreement. See AVC ; AVP Mexico, 161 Communist Party Citizenship Argentina, 50 Differentiated, 35 Chile, 63 Gay Marriage Comunidad Homosexual Argentina . Cheshire Calhoun, 44 See CHA Liberal Democratic, 35 CONAPRED, 159 , 159n.11 . See also Sexual National Anti-Discrimination Conceptualizations, 40 – 1 Council: Mexico Sexual Justice, 41 CONASIDA. See National AIDS Social Democratic, 39 Council © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09914-2 - The Politics of Gay Marriage in Latin America: Argentina, Chile, and Mexico Jordi Díez Index More information 284 Index Concertación , 12 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 27 , 31 , 67 , Council of Trent, 32 68 , 68n.5 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 77 , 106 , 108 , Croatia, 241 197 , 199 , 200 , 211 , 213 , 214 , 215 , CUT. See Central Unida de Trabajadores 216 , 218 , 219 , 220 , 221 , 222 , 223 , 224 , 226 , 229 , 230 , 231 , 235 , 236 , Dagnino, Evelina, 47 262 DC, 219 Concertación de Partidos por la de Alonso, Negre, 148 Democracia . See Concertación de Bonafi ni, Hebe, 140 Confederación de Tranajadores de la Dehesa, Rafael, 34 , 168 Argentinos . See Congress of de la Madrid, Miguel, 58 Argentine Workers de la Rúa, Fernando, 125 Confederación General del Trabajo . See de la Torre, María Luisa, 168 General Labor Confederation Defense of Marriage Act. See Confederación Nacional de Iglesias DOMA Cristianas . See Confederation of del Bosque Dávila, Horacio, 170 Christian Evangelical Churches: Delegative democracy, 129 Mexico Democracia de los acuerdos , 70 , 213 Confederation of Christian Evangelical Democracia Igualitaria y Participativa . Churches See Egalitarian and Participatory Mexico, 190 Democracy: Argentina Conferencia Ciudadana de las Americas . Democracy and Sexuality Network See Citizens Conference of the Mexico, 93 , 177 Americas Democratic Alliance, 67 Congress of Argentine Workers, 141 Democratic Union, 67 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones DEMYSEX. See Democracy and Sexuality Científi cas y Técnicas . See National Network Council for Scientifi c Denmark, 17 and Technical Research di Bello, José María, 2 , 135 , 136 Conspiracy of consensus. See Wilde, di Pollina, Eduardo, 127 , 130 Alexander Di Tullio, Juliana, 134 , 138 , 140 , 143 Constitutional Court Díaz, Arturo, 92 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 96n.32 , 97 , Colombia, 255 97n.33 , 98 , 157n.5 , 158 , Contardo, Óscar, 99 , 100 160 , 163n.16 , 167n.26 , Conti, Diana, 127 173n.44 , 178 , 178n.54 , Contravention Code 195n.84 , 262 , 267 Buenos Aires, 116 Dictatorship Contreras, Maricela, 187 Argentina Coordinadora Nacional de Mujeres 1976–1982, 53 Lesbianas . See National Coordination Diego Portales University, 211 , 212 , 220 , Group of Lesbian Women 225 Cordobazo , 52 DINA. See Directorate of National Corporación de Prevención de SIDA . See Intelligence Corporation for AIDS Prevention Directorate of National Intelligence, 66 Corporación Humanas . See Humans Diversa, 157 , 157n.7 , 160 , 278 Corporation: Chile Diverse Colombia , 255 , 256 Corporation for AIDS Prevention División de Organizaciones Sociales
Recommended publications
  • UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Protest or Politics? Varieties of Teacher Representation in Latin America Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4rc371rp Author Chambers-Ju, Christopher Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Protest or Politics? Varieties of Teacher Representation in Latin America By Christopher Chambers-Ju A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jonah Levy, Co-Chair Professor Ruth Berins Collier, Co-Chair Professor David Collier Professor Laura Stoker Professor Kim Voss Summer 2017 Abstract Protest or Politics? Varieties of Teacher Representation in Latin America by Christopher Chambers-Ju Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Jonah Levy, Co-Chair Professor Ruth Berins Collier, Co-Chair Scholars of Latin American politics have made contrasting predictions about the prospects for contemporary group-based interest representation. Some argue that democratization creates an opportunity for societal groups to intensify their participation in politics. The expansion of political rights, alongside free and fair elections, creates space for all major groups to take part in politics, crucially those excluded under authoritarian rule. Other scholars, by contrast, maintain that neoliberal economic reforms fragment and demobilize major groups. Changes in the economic model, they suggest, have severe consequences for labor organizations, which now have a limited political repertoire. My research challenges both of these claims, showing how the consequences of democracy and neoliberalism, rather than being uniform, have been uneven.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Parties on the Ground: Explaining Grassroots Party Activism in Buenos Aires
    01/08/2019 – please do not cite without permission from author - [email protected] Building parties on the ground: Explaining grassroots party activism in Buenos Aires Dr Sam Halvorsen (Queen Mary University of London) Abstract What can explain the ongoing persistence of grassroots party activism? Despite multiple studies demonstrating the decline in “party on the ground” organisation, recent literature indicates grassroots activism remains alive in both theory and practice. This paper examines a new Argentine political party, Nuevo Encuentro, which, in a short period of time, built a large grassroots organisation of local branches and activists, and argues that the role of territory is a key explanatory factor. Based on a qualitative analysis of Nuevo Encuentro in Buenos Aires it demonstrates that a territorial organisation strategy helped the party: accumulate already mobilised activists; sustain and further motivate activists through a local branch structure; and recruit new members via linkages with urban communities. In so doing the paper extends literature on party-building and high-intensity activism and also contributes to the dismantling of methodological state-centrism in party scholarship by highlighting the significance of local organisational strategies. Keywords Party organisation; activism; territory; local branches; Argentina Introduction What can explain the ongoing persistence of grassroots party activism in the 21st century? For nearly three decades political party scholars have cited evidence for the decline in what Katz and Mair (1993) term the “party on the ground”, consisting of grassroots activists and supporters who have traditionally operated through local organisational structures (Dalton and Wattenberg, 2000; Scarrow et al, 2017; Whiteley, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • The Unemployed in Movement: Struggles for a Common Territory in the Buenos Aires Urban Periphery
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository THE UNEMPLOYED IN MOVEMENT: STRUGGLES FOR A COMMON TERRITORY IN THE BUENOS AIRES URBAN PERIPHERY Liz Mason-Deese A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Geography. Chapel Hill 2015 Approved by: Altha Cravey Arturo Escobar Banu Gokariskel Michael Hardt Alvaro Reyes © 2015 Liz Mason-Deese ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Liz Mason-Deese: The Unemployed in Movement: Struggles for a Common Territory in the Buenos Aires Urban Periphery (Under the direction of Altha Cravey) In 2001, after years of increasing unemployment and neoliberal austerity measures, a massive uprising shook the streets of Buenos Aires and forced the neoliberal government out of office. The movements that led and emerged from this insurrection were notable for the new form of politics that they practiced: aiming not to take the power of the state but to create counter-power from below. This dissertation analyzes the experiences of one of the key social movements during this period: the unemployed workers' movements. Never a nationally unified movement, autonomous organizations of unemployed workers emerged throughout the country, conducting massive roadblocks to demand unemployment benefits and creating their own forms of “work with dignity.” Drawing on two years of ethnographic fieldwork along with the rich theoretical production of the movements themselves, the dissertation focuses on two such organizations in the urban periphery of Buenos Aires.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Violence and Inequality in Latin America During the Cold War
    STUDENT PAPER SERIES02 Political Violence and Inequality in Latin America During The Cold War Cristina Gonzalez Perez Master’s in International Relations Academic year 2010-2011 I hereby certify that this dissertation contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I hereby grant to IBEI the non-exclusive license to archive and make accessible my dissertation in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I retain all ownership rights to the copyright of the dissertation. I also retain the right to use in future works (such as articles or books) all or part of this dissertation. Name: Cristina González Pérez Signature: Barcelona (Spain), September 2011. Word Counting:10.869 Contents List of Figures ii List of Acronyms iii Abstract 1 I. Introduction 2 II. Conceptual and Theoretical Framework 5 2.1. The Notion of Political Violence 5 2.2. The Notion of Inequality 6 2.3. Theoretical Framework: Power Resources Theory 7 III. Political Violence-Inequality Nexus 8 3.1. From Inequality to Political Violence: The Conventional Approach 8 3.2. From Political Violence to Inequality: Latin America in the Context of the Cold War 10 3.2.1. The Cold War in Latin America 10 3.2.2. The Impacts of Political Violence on the Capacity of Political Organization, Mobilization and Participation of Pressure Groups 14 3.2.3.
    [Show full text]
  • South America List of Political Parties
    Manifesto Project Dataset: South America List of Political Parties [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2020b from December 23, 2020 Manifesto Project Dataset: South America - List of Political Parties Version 2020b 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The Manifesto Data Collection: South America covers parliamentary and presidential elections in South America. The following list documents all the parties, candidates and elections contained in the dataset. The list includes the name of the party or (candidate) alliance in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation, the name of the presidential candidate (if this applies) as well as the corresponding party identification number. In the case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties it comprises. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list. If the composition of an alliance has changed between elections this change is reported as well. If parliamentary and presidential elections occur at roughly the same time (not necessarily on the same date but within a time frame of one or two months) parties and candidates usually run on the same manifesto. In these cases we report the party/alliance that backed a candidate and the candidate’s name. The same information is provided for presidential elections. If a parliamentary election occurred independently from a presidential election we only report parties and alliances but no candidates. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party has split from another party or a number of parties has merged and indicates the name (and the party id if it exists) of this split or merger parties.
    [Show full text]
  • South America List of Political Parties
    Manifesto Project Dataset: South America List of Political Parties [email protected] Website: https://manifesto-project.wzb.eu/ Version 2019b from December 17, 2019 Manifesto Project Dataset: South America - List of Political Parties Version 2019b 1 Coverage of the Dataset including Party Splits and Merges The Manifesto Data Collection: South America covers parliamentary and presidential elections in South America. The following list documents all the parties, candidates and elections contained in the dataset. The list includes the name of the party or (candidate) alliance in the original language and in English, the party/alliance abbreviation, the name of the presidential candidate (if this applies) as well as the corresponding party identification number. In the case of an alliance, it also documents the member parties it comprises. Within the list of alliance members, parties are represented only by their id and abbreviation if they are also part of the general party list. If the composition of an alliance has changed between elections this change is reported as well. If parliamentary and presidential elections occur at roughly the same time (not necessarily on the same date but within a time frame of one or two months) parties and candidates usually run on the same manifesto. In these cases we report the party/alliance that backed a candidate and the candidate’s name. The same information is provided for presidential elections. If a parliamentary election occurred independently from a presidential election we only report parties and alliances but no candidates. Furthermore, the list records renames of parties and alliances. It shows whether a party has split from another party or a number of parties has merged and indicates the name (and the party id if it exists) of this split or merger parties.
    [Show full text]
  • Las Jefas De Sudamã©Rica: Coalition Party Discipline in Brazil, Chile, And
    Macalester College DigitalCommons@Macalester College Latin American Studies Honors Projects Latin American Studies Spring 4-28-2016 Las Jefas de Sudamérica: Coalition Party Discipline in Brazil, Chile, and Argentina Adán S. Martínez Macalester College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/lashonors Part of the Spanish and Portuguese Language and Literature Commons Recommended Citation Martínez, Adán S., "Las Jefas de Sudamérica: Coalition Party Discipline in Brazil, Chile, and Argentina" (2016). Latin American Studies Honors Projects. Paper 9. http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/lashonors/9 This Honors Project is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin American Studies at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in Latin American Studies Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Las Jefas de Sudamérica: Coalition Party Discipline in Brazil, Chile, and Argentina Adan Steve Martinez Macalester College Latin American Studies Department Advised by Professor Paul Dosh Defended on April 13, 2016 ABSTRACT Political coalitions play an essential role in governance in Latin America. Scholars have analyzed policy changes as a way of measuring condition under which political actors govern. What factors contribute to coalitional stability? Based on analysis of three presidential administrations- Dilma Rousseff of Brazil (2010-2014), Michelle Bachelet of Chile (2006-2010), and Cristina Fernández of Argentina (2007-2015)- I argue that fiscal constraints, power centralization, institutional incentives, and social movement strength shape coalitional stability between the executive and legislative branches. This project concludes that while economic conditions affect coalitional stability, other factors including the distribution of power and grassroots movements play an equal if not more important role.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Training in Four Generations of Activists in Argentina and Brazil*
    Political Training in Four Generations of Activists in Argentina and Brazil* Dolores Rocca Rivarola 1 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5658-6958 1CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, Argentina This paper, which is part of wider research on the transformation of political linkages in Argentina and Brazil, analyzes a specific dimension: political activist training. It seeks to understand how transformations such as weaker partisanship and intense political fluctuation manifest in the way activists have defined and experienced political training. I examine narratives in interviews held between 2007 and 2015 with four generational groups of activists, classified according to the historical period in which they engaged in youth activism. All of them were members of government-supporting organizations during the Kirchner (2003-2015) and Workers’ Party administrations (2003-2016). The issue of activist training is relevant if we consider the paradoxical survival of political and partisan activism in a context of electoral volatility and leaders circumventing parties to establish a direct political bond with citizens. Also, while early political socialization has been given considerable attention in the literature, the issue of internal political training – once people have become members of an organization – has not. The findings show a reconfiguration of what activist training used to convey in the past, as well as impacts and challenges over training brought about by these organizations’ access to government. Keywords: Activism; political activist training; Argentina; Brazil; generations. http://doi.org/10.1590/1981-3821202100020001 For data replication, see: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/A8LXTP Correspondence: [email protected] This publication is registered under a CC-BY Licence.
    [Show full text]
  • Leftist Christians in Chile, 1957-1973
    Blessing the Revolution: Leftist Christians in Chile, 1957-1973 A dissertation submitted by Luz María Díaz de Valdés in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Tufts University May 2018 Adviser: Peter Winn ABSTRACT This work analyzes the emergence and development of a leftist Christianity in Chile, concentrating in the experience of a clerical group called “Christians for Socialism” (Cristianos por el Socialismo, CpS). This analysis transcends Chilean frontiers, trying to understand the broader political radicalization the Catholic Church lived in the late 1960s. The Chilean experience, however, had its own originality: revolutionary priests emerged in the middle of Popular Unity project, a process of building socialism by democratic means in a Cold War context. From an experiential point of view, this work analyzes the emergence of Christians for Socialism highlighting the religious evolution that some churchmen and churchwomen experienced. This work understands Christians for Socialism as a final stage of a long-term religious evolution, that could be summarized in three elements: a new conception of a Catholic social change; a new phase for social ministry; and new meanings of poverty and the poor. This work also illuminates the comprehension of leftist Christianity as a global phenomenon. This is a history of a vast network of Catholic clerical agents that in a Cold War global context, laid the foundations for a deep social change in Latin America. This is a history of the convergence between Catholicism and the social sciences from the late Fifties on in Latin America, its underdevelopment and poverty.
    [Show full text]
  • Protest Or Politics? Varieties of Teacher Representation in Latin America
    Protest or Politics? Varieties of Teacher Representation in Latin America By Christopher Chambers-Ju A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Jonah Levy, Co-Chair Professor Ruth Berins Collier, Co-Chair Professor David Collier Professor Laura Stoker Professor Kim Voss Summer 2017 Abstract Protest or Politics? Varieties of Teacher Representation in Latin America by Christopher Chambers-Ju Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science University of California, Berkeley Professor Jonah Levy, Co-Chair Professor Ruth Berins Collier, Co-Chair Scholars of Latin American politics have made contrasting predictions about the prospects for contemporary group-based interest representation. Some argue that democratization creates an opportunity for societal groups to intensify their participation in politics. The expansion of political rights, alongside free and fair elections, creates space for all major groups to take part in politics, crucially those excluded under authoritarian rule. Other scholars, by contrast, maintain that neoliberal economic reforms fragment and demobilize major groups. Changes in the economic model, they suggest, have severe consequences for labor organizations, which now have a limited political repertoire. My research challenges both of these claims, showing how the consequences of democracy and neoliberalism, rather than being uniform, have been uneven. I focus on the diverse forms of political participation by an influential societal group: public school teachers. Over the past thirty years, teachers’ unions have become the largest and most dynamic sector of labor in many countries throughout the region, taking leadership positions in national union centrals.
    [Show full text]
  • Puerto Rico and the United States: the Need for a New Encounter, 1985
    REPRINTED FROM: Puerto Rico: The Search for a National Policy edited by Richard J. Bloomfield Copyright 1985 by Westview Press, Inc. Westview Press / Boulder and London 2 Puerto Rico and the United States: The Need for a New Encounter Arturo Morales Carrion An examination of Puerto Rico's future should begin with a review of the eighty-five-year-old relationship between the United States and Puerto Rico. It is a complex relationship and cannot be understood by looking at only one side of the historical ledger. Mutual assets and liabilities have affected both parties in the relationship. Although the economic dimension of the relationship is fundamental, other factors play a significant role: the strategic importance of Puerto Rico in the Caribbean; the special link between the island and Latin America; and the unique West Indian ethnic, cultural, and social traditions of the Puerto Rican people. Puerto Rico has the attributes of a cultural nationality: The population shares a common language, a collective memory of past experiences and traditions, and the subjective belief that it belongs to a distinct cultural group. In short, a Puerto Rican ethos exists. Thus, Puerto Rico, as a cultural society, is distinct from the United States. This distinctiveness is particularly characteristic of the Puerto Ricans in Puerto Rico, where they are close to the source of their mores and traditions. After eighty­ five years of association, full assimilation into the American cultural matrix has not been achieved in the island. As powerful and pervasive as the American influence has been, Puerto Ricans still adhere to the Spanish language, and their mores and perceptions continue to differ from those of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • The United States, Argentina, and the Cold War
    FROM COUNTERINSURGENCY TO HUMAN RIGHTS: THE UNITED STATES, ARGENTINA, AND THE COLD WAR A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by William Michael Schmidli February 2010 © 2010 William Michael Schmidli FROM COUNTERINSURGENCY TO HUMAN RIGHTS: THE UNITED STATES, ARGENTINA, AND THE COLD WAR William Michael Schmidli, Ph. D. Cornell University 2010 This study demonstrates how U.S. support for the 1976 Argentine military coup exemplified a defining feature of U.S. policy toward Latin America during the Cold War, namely, the maintenance of strong links with politically ambitious, anti- communist Latin American militaries to protect U.S. national security. By integrating Argentina into the larger pattern of imperial U.S. policy toward the region, this study reveals how U.S. military assistance and training programs in the 1960s and early 1970s undermined Argentina’s democratic institutions and contributed to the formation of a distinctly Argentine national security doctrine—the blueprint for the military’s extraordinarily brutal counterinsurgency campaign following the 1976 coup d’état. Second, this study illuminates how the effort to curtail state-sanctioned violence in Argentina served as a defining test-case for the blossoming human rights movement in the United States. Comprised of a disparate mix of grassroots human rights organizers, Washington-based lobbyists, and sympathetic members of Congress, human rights advocates consciously embodied a counter-movement to the maintenance of close U.S. ties to staunchly anti-communist, right-wing military regimes. Finally, this study asserts that Argentina served as a defining test-case for Jimmy Carter’s human rights policy.
    [Show full text]