DOCSLIB.ORG

Imperialism Revised: Military, Society, and Us Occupation In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Imperialism Revised: Military, Society, and Us Occupation In "IMPERIALISM REVISED: MILITARY, SOCIETY, AND U.S. OCCUPATION IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC, 1880-1924" By Ellen Davies Tillman DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Nils P. Jacobsen, Chair Professor Kristin Lee Hoganson Professor Emeritus John A Lynn Associate Professor Michel Gobat, University of Iowa ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the historical implications of World-War-One-Era armed occupations through a study of the U.S.-created constabulary in the Dominican Republic during the military occupation of 1916-1924, and a contextualization of those years in the wider context of Dominican history. Through this historically under-studied case, I demonstrate the negotiations and compromise that, over the course of a long occupation, both revised the approaches of U.S. occupying forces and changed occupied society--fundamentally reshaping Dominican social class and regional power relationships through the military, unifying a heavily regional society, and polarizing society between military and civilian. The occupation took place during a time of rapid modernization in the Dominican Republic and drastically changing U.S. foreign policy methods, opening the way for its events and character to play a central role in the development of both. This study combines an analysis of U.S. and Dominican government and popular sources, including international communications, military records and newspapers from both countries, and private letters, to demonstrate the complex dialogue through which the new Dominican military and political system came into being. This dissertation takes back to its origin the question of what happens in U.S. military occupations meant to export democracy, examining the interplay and give and take between the occupied and occupiers, and the ways in which the end results were an evolution of something new, built of compromise. The society and military that emerged on the other side of the occupation was the result of a creative and ever- evolving dialogue between opposing forces, an evolution that led to a product distant from the plans of occupiers, but also distant from the plans of resisters, one that fundamentally reshaped Dominican power relationships and societal structure by the occupation's end. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am greatly indebted to the following for their help through the years of research that brought this work together, and would like to extend my appreciation here: To my main advising committee at University of Illinois Champaign-Urbana, Dr. Nils P. Jacobsen, Dr. Kristin Hoganson, and Dr. John Lynn, without whom I would have been quite lost, and to Dr. Michel Gobat of the University of Iowa. I would also like to thank Marcelo Bucheli and Jose Cheibub for your advice and guidance, which helped me to locate my study in the international economy and politics of the time. I offer special thanks to my other long-term advisors for all their help over the years, Dr. Joseph Love of University of Illinois and Dr. Kevin C. Murphy of the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia; my work is very much a product of the counsel and wisdom of those outside of my committee who guided me along the way and opened my eyes to new ways of envisioning history. My thanks, too, to Dr. Bruce Calder of the University of Illinois-Chicago for his advice during my research. For monetary support for my dissertation I am indebted primarily to the History Department at the University of Illinois for internal funding, and to the University of Illinois Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies—who funded my pre-dissertation research through a grant in summer of 2006—as well as the Foreign Language Area Studies Fellowship (FLAS) at University of Illinois. For other monetary help along the way, aid that helped me travel and present my research, my thanks to the United States Commission on Military History (USCMH), the International Commission on Military History (ICMH), and Michael Gray. For lodging during my studies, I extend my thanks to Lucina de la Cruz and her family for their gracious hospitality and friendship, and to Teresa Gray (TAG) and her daughters for keeping me while I was researching at Quantico in 2009. For their general support, advice, and availability ii through the years of my research, I would also like to thank Luis B. Peralta and his family, Lic. Eligio Serrano García (Gabriel), Dr. Charles Neimeyer and the staff at the Quantico USMC Historical Division and the Marine Corps archives and special collections, Dr. Christine Kern, the staff at the Biblioteca Pública de Santiago, the staff of the Archivo General de la Nación in Santo Domingo, and the archivists at NARA in College Park Maryland, all of whom were more than willing to go out of the way to help out. Finally, my extensive appreciation always to Kitty and Joseph Davies, for making it possible, and to Jasmine and Ticonderoga for putting up with it for so long. A note about sources: Recent organization and extensive digitalization of the Dominican Archivo General de la Nación (AGN) under Director Roberto Cassá has greatly facilitated research there and led to better preservation and clearer classification of documents. My research began before these changes, however, and took place over the years of transition in the archives. For that reason, I have marked the original citations from the AGN as "AGN1," and the citations from the new system as "AGN." iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter One: Seeking Modernity: Between Regional Military Tradition and the Search for a New Republic ....................................................................................... 34 Chapter Two: Sovereignty in the Caribbean at the Height of U.S. expansionism: Intervention and Military Deterioration ................................................................... 79 Chapter Three: Threads of Power, Fraying Ends: The Occupation Constabulary, 1916-1918 ............................................................................................................... 132 Chapter Four: The Osmosis of Tradition: Regional Negotiation ....................................... 189 Chapter Five: Foundational Elements of Resistance: The Constabulary Across Regions, 1918-1920................................................................................................. 229 Chapter Six: Opposing Networks for Change: Consolidating Reform and Resistance, 1920-1922 ............................................................................................................... 293 Chapter Seven: Products of Compromise: Legitimating State and Military, 1922-1924 ............................................................................................................... 351 Conclusion: The Constabulary under Dominican Government: Legitimacy, Revision, and the Tools of Dictatorship ................................................................................. 406 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 432 iv INTRODUCTION This dissertation examines inter-Caribbean relations and Latin American state-building in the early twentieth century through a case study of the international and domestic negotiations that shaped Dominican society and politics before and during U.S. occupation (1916-1924). I examine Dominican political culture, military institutions, and U.S.-Dominican relations from 1880-1924, and the U.S. creation of a new Dominican military under Marine forces of occupation from 1916. My research demonstrates that early U.S. attempts to build Dollar Diplomacy and to export democracy inadvertently sparked changes in society that led to an especially powerful and long-lived military dictatorship in the post-occupation Dominican Republic. In creating this new military, U.S. occupation planners carried out an "experiment" expected to control and reshape Dominican society and provide a model for U.S. military interventions elsewhere. The majority of Dominicans fought to reject the experiment. The end result was a dialogue between the theoretical expectations of an occupying force and the creative negotiation of an occupied people who largely rejected U.S. impositions. This set of international relations was central to the diplomatic and military histories of both countries. On the U.S. side, it was one of the core interventions characterizing and defining U.S. diplomacy of the period, a key experiment in the policy of exporting democracy through military intervention. On the Dominican side, the major focus of this study, it completely shifted the balance of power among classes and--through infrastructural developments and military imposition and resistance- -united previously regional power bases. Dominican society was drastically changed because of negotiations between U.S. impositions and Dominican reactions against them. The country's diverse regions were unified physically through improved roads and communications, and 1 ideologically through the growing unification of anti-occupation sentiment and action. Analyzing these changes, my dissertation shows how negotiation to end the occupation allowed the hated, U.S.-supported military
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DISARMAMENT and INTERNATIONAL SECURITY COMMITTEE Background Guide a CANADA INTERNATIONAL MODEL UNITED NATIONS Tenth Annual Session | May 28-30, 2021
    CAIMUN 2021 DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY COMMITTEE Background Guide A CANADA INTERNATIONAL MODEL UNITED NATIONS Tenth Annual Session | May 28-30, 2021 Dear Delegates, Othman Mekhlouf My name is Lincoln Lee, and I am excited to welcome you to the Disarmament and Secretary-General International Security Committee at CAIMUN 2021 alongside your chairs Nick Liu and Jan Peng. This year, we will discuss two widely relevant issues: Interventions in Foreign Warfare and Threats to Global Energy Security. As stakeholders in each topic, I encourage you to research the topic thoroughly and represent your countries Angel Yuan accurately so as to build a high quality of debate. Director-General Even after four years of Model UN, I still remember my frst conference where Nikki Wu every one of my speeches was accompanied by a trembling voice. I barely kept my Chief of Staff composure in front of what looked like a room full of prying eyes and struggled to stay relevant in the fast-paced debate. After several conferences, however, I found the true value of Model UN. Through this activity, I learned to overcome my fears, fnd a passion for politics, and most importantly, met new people who are now my Matthew Leung Director of Logistics mentors and best friends. To delegates feeling nervous about speaking out in front of a large crowd, I encourage you to make an active effort to come up to the podium as much as possible. MUN has been, without exaggeration, life-changing for me, and I Madeline Kim hope you’ll fnd the same benefts I have.
    [Show full text]
  • Justice Project Final Report
    JUSTICE PROJECT FINAL REPORT FINAL REPORT: JULY 2008–JULY 2012 JULY 2012 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by DAI. JUSTICE PROJECT FINAL REPORT FINAL REPORT: JULY 2008–JULY 2012 Program Title: USAID Justice Project Sponsoring USAID Office: USAID/Dominican Republic Contract Number: DFD-I-07-05-00220-00/07 Contractor: DAI Date of Publication: July 2012 Author: Josefina Coutino, Rosalia Sosa, Elizabeth Ventura, Martha Contreras The authors’ views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. CONTENTS CONTENTS ......................................................................................................................... V BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................. VII ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................ VIII INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 NATIONAL CONTEXT .......................................................................................................... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... 3 PROJECT ADMINISTRATION ..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Cartas Desconocidas De Rubén Darío, José Jirón Y Jorge E Arellano
    CARTAS DBSCONOCIDAS DE RUBIÍN DARÍO 337 El pueblo todo verá. claramente. que las principales aspiraciones de usted son la grandeza y la felicidad de la patria 184. A Bernardo Reyes (en MéxicoJ París, 3 de julio, 1911 Mi muy distinguido general y amigo: Muy oportunamente me han llegado, con sus amables letras, los recortes relativos a su actitud y rumbos políticos, pues preparaba, para la publicación que dirijo, un trabajo sobre la situación mexicana. Como usted debe saberlo, ha tenido usted aquí una excelente pren­ sa, comenzando con el serio y autorizado Tempe, en el cual diario se ha hablado de usted en términos justamente elogiosos. Los docu­ mentos impresos, que usted ha tenido la bondad de enviarme, son la confirmación de lo que el cable comunicara a su debido tiempo. La noble y alta resolución de usted no hará, según general opinión, sino aumentar el prestigio y las simpatías de que usted goza en su país. El pueblo todo verá, claramente, que las principales aspiraciones de us­ ted son la grandeza y la felicidad de la patria, en la paz, en el trabajo y la respetabilidad de el/a, bien cimentada. Es inútil decirle que estoy en absoluto a sus órdenes y que /leva­ ré a efecto, en seguida, cualquier indicación suya. Yo sigo, con mi labor de siempre en La Nación, en Buenos Aires. Y hoy tengo esta gran revista Mundial, cuyos primeros números habrá usted recibido. No deseo sino, pues, demostrar a usted, en todas partes, mi amistad y mi reconocimiento por su probada amistad, así como mi admiración y simpatía.
    [Show full text]
  • Situation Report 2 –Tropical Storm Olga – DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 14 DECEMBER 2007
    Tropical Storm Olga Dominican Republic Situation Report No.2 Page 1 Situation Report 2 –Tropical Storm Olga – DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 14 DECEMBER 2007 This situation report is based on information received from the United Nations Resident Coordinators in country and OCHA Regional Office in Panama. HIGHLIGHTS • Tropical Storm Olga has claimed the lives of 35 people. Some 49,170 persons were evacuated and 3,727 are in shelters. • Needs assessments are ongoing in the affected areas to update the Noel Flash Appeal. SITUATION 5. The Emergency Operations Centre (COE) is maintaining a red alert in 30 provinces: Santo 1. Olga developed from a low-pressure system into a Domingo, Distrito Nacional, San Cristóbal, Monte named storm Monday 10 December, although the Plata, Santiago Rodríguez, Dajabón, San Pedro de Atlantic hurricane season officially ended November Macorís, Santiago, Puerto Plata, Espaillat, Hermanas 30. The centre of Tropical Storm Olga passed Mirabal (Salcedo), Duarte (Bajo Yuna), María through the middle of the Dominican Republic Trinidad Sánchez, Samaná, Montecristi, Valverde- overnight Tuesday to Wednesday on a direct Mao, Sánchez Ramírez, El Seibo, La Romana, Hato westward path. Olga has weaken to a tropical Mayor (in particular Sabana de la Mar), La depression and moved over the waters between Cuba Altagracia, La Vega, Monseñor Nouel, Peravia, and Jamaica. The depression is expected to become a Azua, San José de Ocoa, Pedernales, Independencia, remnant low within the next 12 hours. San Juan de la Maguana and Barahona. Two provinces are under a yellow alert. 2. Olga is expected to produce additional rainfall, accumulations of 1 to 2 inches over the southeastern Impact Bahamas, eastern Cuba, Jamaica and Hispaniola.
    [Show full text]
  • Perfil Público De Casimiro Nemesio De Moya#1.Pdf
    HISTO RIA PERFIL PUBLICO DE CASIMIRO NEMESIO DE MOYA Por Frank A. Roca Friedheirn I.- ASCENDENCIA, POLIT/CA Y REVOLUCION'. Ca!f)irniro Nemesio de Moya y Pimentel, naci6 en Santo Domingo el 19 de Diciembre de 1849. No tuvo mas oportunidades de educarse formalmente, qu e las que pudo aprovechar su gran amigo Francisco Gregorio Billini. En la epoca en que Camimiro Nemesio alcanza la edad escolar, la crisis econ6mica y la situaci6n politica del pais eran desfavorables a un desarrollo de la educaci6n nacional; el personalismo se habia entronizado por encima de las corrientes liberales y legalistas aupadas par las constituyentes de Moca de 1857, con el nuevo advenimiento al poder de Pedro Santana. Sin embargo, como escribe don Federico Henriquez y Carvajal, dos sucesos favorecieron el mejoramiento de la ensefianza: la llegada al pais de cultos profesores venezolanos exiliados, a quienes se les concedi6 una parte de los anexos del temple <le Regina para instalar 165 un plan tel de estudios superiores, que infortunadamente tendria efimera existencia y la designaci6n en 1858 del s ac e r d o t e Fernado Arturo de Merino coma Gobernador de la Arquidi6cesis y Rector ex-ofi cio del Seminario Conciliar de Santo Domingo, Santo Tomas de Aquino, severa instituci6n a la que ingresa Casimirito, coma carinosamente le dedan sus familiares y amigos; con la s dos grupos de escolares que colmaron sus aulas en 1859: el grupo de los jovenes que pertenecia al Colegio Regina -que no continu6 funcionando­ y otros mas, gue se incorpor6 al servicio de la Catedral y a 1as clases del Seminario; siendo uno de sus profesores, a d emas d el propio Merino, el brillante joven Emiliano Tejera, en ese entonces Vice-rector del Seminario, de "quien realiz6 -seglin afinna Vetilio Alfau - durante casi tres lustros, al frente de dich o cargo, una fecundisima labor que no ha sido hasta ahora justicicramente ponderada".
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Technical Report Health Reform And
    ANNUAL TECHNICAL REPORT October 2002 – September 2003 HEALTH REFORM AND DECENTRALIZATION PROJECT REDSALUD For: Sarah Majerowicz, Cognizant Technical Officer United States Agency for International Development (USAID) Mission in the Dominican Republic Contrato USAID #517-C-00-00-00140-00 SO 10: Sustained Improvement in Health of Vulnerable Populations in the Dominican Republic Presented by: Abt Associates Inc. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Contact: Patricio Murgueytio, Project Director Date: October 2003 Abt Associates Inc. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary..............................................................................................3 Introduction .........................................................................................................5 Social Security and Health Reform Achievements in the Dominican Republic ........... 5 Results Framework............................................................................................. 6 Strategies.......................................................................................................... 9 Principal Technical Achievements .....................................................................10 Local Health Service Management Support Component ..................................12 Grant Administration Activities............................................................................18 Central SESPAS Support Component.................................................................19 HIV/AIDS Sub-component..................................................................................21
    [Show full text]
  • 0231125860.Pdf
    A World Safe for Capitalism This page intentionally left blank A World Safe for Capitalism Dollar Diplomacy and America’s Rise to Global Power Cyrus Veeser columbia university press new york Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York, Chichester, West Sussex Copyright ᭧ 2002 Columbia University Press All rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Veeser, Cyrus. A world safe for capitalism: Dollar diplomacy and America’s rise to global power / Cyrus Veeser. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-231-12586-0 (cl) — ISBN 0-231-12587-9 (pa) 1. United States—Foreign economic relations— Dominican Republic. 2. Dominican Republic— Foreign economic relations—United States. 3. San Domingo Improvement Company (New York, N.Y.) 4. Debts, Public—Dominican Republic—History. 5. Loans, American —Dominican Republic—History. 6. United States—Foreign relations—Dominican Republic. 7. Dominican Republic—Foreign relations—United States. I. Title. HF1502.Z4 U57 2002 337.7307292Ј09Ј034—dc21 2002019283 Columbia University Press books are printed on permanent and durable acid-free paper Printed in the United States of America c10987654321 p10987654321 Dedicated to the memory of my parents, Harry Veeser and Elise Karagozian Veeser and to my favorite Dominicanists, Lilian, Gaby and Minerva. This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations ix Acknowledgments xi List of Abbreviations xiii Introduction: Economic Interests and U.S. Expansion, 1892—1907 1 1. The Gilded Age Goes Abroad The San Domingo Improvement Company and the Political Economy of the 1890s 10 2. Remapping the Caribbean U.S. Caribbean Interests and the Mission of the SDIC 30 3.
    [Show full text]
  • United States National Museum
    SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM Bulletin 156 ABORIGINAL INDIAN POTTERY OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC BY HERBERT W. KRIEGER Curator of Ethnology, United States National Museum UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1931 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C. Price, 75 cents ADVERTISEMENT The scientific publications of the National Museum include two series, known, respectively, as Proceedings and Bulletins. The Proceedings^ begun in 1878, are intended primarily as a me- dium for the publication of original papers, based on the collections of the National Museum, that set forth newly acquired facts in biology, anthropology, and geology, with descriptions of new forms and revisions of limited groups. Copies of each paper, in pamphlet form, are distributed as published to libraries and scientific organiza- tions and to specialists and others interested in the different subjects. The dates at which these separate papers are published are recorded in the table of contents of each of the volumes. The Bulletins^ the first of which was issued in 1875, consist of a series of separate publications comprising monographs of large zoological groups and other general sj^stematic treatises (occasion- ally in several volumes), faunal works, reports of expeditions, cata- logues of type-specimens, special collections, and other material of a similar nature. The majority of the volumes are octavo in size, but a quarto size has been adopted in a few instances in which large plates were regarded as indispensable. In the Bulletin series appear volumes under the heading Gontrihutions from the United States National Hei'haHum^ in octavo form, published by the National Museum since 1902, which contain papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Schistosomiasis in the Dominican Republic
    18. Bednarsch, H., and Connelly, G.: Preliminary report on 26. Kiyak, H. A., and Mulligan, K.: Behavioral research re- fluoride mouthrinse programs of state and local health de- lated to oral hygiene practices. Paper presented at Dental partments. Paper presented at 112th Annual Meeting of the Plaque Control Measures and Oral Hygiene Practices American Public Health Association, Anaheim, CA, Nov. Workshop. Bethesda, MD, Feb. 26-28, 1985. 11-15, 1984. 27. National Center for Health Statistics: Dental visits, volume 19. Proceedings. National Institutes of Health Consensus De- and interval since last visit, United States, 1978 and 1979. velopment Conference. Dental sealants in the prevention of DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 82-1566. Vital Health Stat tooth decay. J Dent Educ 48 (supp): 1- 133, February 1984. [10] No. 138 (1982). 20. Tysowsky, G., and Frazier, P. J.: Pit and fissure sealants: 28. Castaldi, C. R.: Injuries to the teeth. In Sports injuries, the manufacturers' marketing strategies. Paper presented at unthwarted epidemic. PSG Publishing Company, Inc., Lit- 112th Annual Meeting of the American Public Health As- tleton, MA, 1981, pp. 147-157. sociation, Anaheim, CA, Nov. 11-15, 1984. 29. 1985 Cancer facts and figures. American Cancer Society, 21. U.S. General Accounting Office: Reducing tooth decay- New York, 1985. more emphasis on fluoridation needed. HRD-79-3. U.S. 30. Harper, S.: In tobacco, where there is smokeless fire. Ad- General Accounting Office, Washington, DC, Apr. 13, vertising Age 51: 85 (1980). 1979. 31. Mecklenberg, R.: Statement on smokeless tobacco by Chief 22. O'Neill, H. W.: Opinion study comparing attitudes about Dental Officer, USPHS.
    [Show full text]
  • ASWAD Final Program Oct 2, 2013
    ASWAD CONFERENCE PROGRAM 7TH BIENNIAL CONFERENCE SANTO DOMINGO, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC OCTOBER 30-NOVEMBER 3, 2013 WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 30 9:00-1:00 BOCA DE NIGUA, NAJAYO- Emancipation celebration (grito de libertad) Excursion (ticket required) 2:00 - 5:30 Registration Location: INTEC 2:15-4:00 PANEL A1: Special ASWAD Mentoring Workshop for Graduate Students and/or Those Who Are “All But Dissertation.” Venue: INTEC, Room GC 302 This is a special session designed by the Association to provide student members with advice, recommendations, and counsel on issues that regularly confront graduate students and those who are “All But Dissertation” as they move toward the Ph.D. Participants should come with questions they have about either of these processes. Panels will provide generalized guidance but it will be most beneficial if questions and ‘real life’ examples come from participants. Special Session: Advance registration required Chair: Jualynne Dodson. Michigan State University. Discussants: Sonya Maria Johnson, Post-doctorate Fellow, Michigan State University Crystal Eddins, Ph.D. Student, Michigan State University Christian Ramirez, Ph.D. Student, Michigan State University PANEL A2: Special ASWAD Mentoring Workshop for Those Who Are Post-Doctoral Scholars and/or Pre-Tenure, Junior Professors Venue: INTEC, Room GC 303 This panel is the second of two special sessions designed by the Association to provide junior members with advice, recommendation, and counsel on issues that regularly confront those who are Post-Doctoral, Pre-Tenure, and/or Junior Professors. 1 Special Session: Advance registration required. Chair: Stanlie James, Arizona State University. Discussants: Alyce Emory, Programming Outreach & Engagement and Professional Development Consultant Additional Discussant TBA PANEL A3: Que Antihaitianismo: A Conversation with Scholar and Novelist Alan Belen Cambeira, author of the Azúcar Triology Venue: INTEC, Room GC 304 Presenter: Alix Pierre, Independent Scholar.
    [Show full text]
  • North Korea and the Latin American Revolution, 1959-1970
    NORTH KOREA AND THE LATIN AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 1959-1970 by MOE (WILLIAM DAVID) TAYLOR B.Sc., The University of Toronto, 2011 M.Sc., Columbia University, 2014 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (History) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) February 2020 © Moe (William David) Taylor, 2020 ii The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, the dissertation entitled: North Korea and the Latin American Revolution, 1959-1970 Submitted by Moe (William David) Taylor in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. Examining Committee: Steve H. Lee, History Supervisor Donald L. Baker, Asian Studies Supervisory Committee Member William French, History Supervisory Committee Member Max Cameron, Political Science University Examiner Glen Peterson, History University Examiner Andre Schmid, East Asian Studies, University of Toronto External Examiner iii Abstract In the 1960s the North Korean leadership embraced the variety of radical Third Worldism associated with Cuba’s Tricontinental Conference of 1966, which advocated a militant, united front strategy to defeat US imperialism via armed struggle across the Global South. This political realignment led to exceptionally intimate political, economic, and cultural cooperation with Cuba and a programme to support armed revolutionary movements throughout Latin America. In the process, North Korea acquired a new degree of prestige with the international left, influencing Cuban and Latin American left-wing discourse on matters of economic development, revolutionary organization and strategy, democracy and leadership.
    [Show full text]
  • Reptilla: Sauria: Iguanidae
    ~moo~~~~oo~~moo~ ~oorn~m~m~~ rnoo~rnrnm~m~~ Number 47 December 30, 1981 Variation in Hispaniolan Anolis olssoni Schmidt (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae) Albert Schwartz REVIEW COMMITTEE FOR THIS PUBLICATION: Ronald Crombie, National Museum of Natural History Robert Henderson, Milwaukee Public Museum Richard Thomas, University of Puerto Rico ISBN 0·89326·077·0 Accepted for publication November 11, 1981 Milwaukee Public Museum Publications Published by the order of the Board of Trustees Milwaukee Public Museum 800 West Wells Street Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 Variation in Hispaniolan Anolis olssoni Schmidt (Reptilia: Sauria: Iguanidae) Albert Schwartz Miami-Dade Community College North Campus, Miami, Florida 33167 ABSTRACT - The Hispaniolan "grass anole," Anolis olssoni Schmidt, is widespread on the Hispaniolan north island and has invaded the south island Peninsula de Barahona and De de la Gonave. Although these lizards are xerophilic, their dorsal color and pattern are not always pale as is typical of desert lizards. Seven subspecies are recognized on the main island and another on De de la Gonave. These differ in color, pattern, and scutellation, and at least two are apparently widely disjunct from other populations. Two Dominican and two Haitian populations are left unassigned subspecifically, primarily due to inadequate samples. On the Greater Antillean islands of Hispaniola, Cuba, and Puerto Rico is a complex of anoles which have come to be called" grass anoles" due to their habitat. The head and body shapes, as well as their very elongate tails, make these anoles conform to the shapes of blades of grass, although they are not rigidly restricted to this sort of physical situation.
    [Show full text]