Estudo Numérico Das Possibilidades De Preparação De Um Motor De Combustão Para Competição

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Estudo Numérico Das Possibilidades De Preparação De Um Motor De Combustão Para Competição Estudo Numérico das Possibilidades de Preparação de um Motor de Combustão para Competição Pedro José Tavares Pitrez dos Santos Dissertação de Mestrado Orientador: Carlos Manuel Coutinho Tavares de Pinho Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Mecânica Janeiro de 2020 Estudo numérico das possibilidades de preparação de um motor de combustão para competição Esta página foi intencionalmente deixada em branco II Estudo numérico das possibilidades de preparação de um motor de combustão para competição À minha família, amigos e namorada III Estudo numérico das possibilidades de preparação de um motor de combustão para competição Esta página foi intencionalmente deixada em branco IV Estudo numérico das possibilidades de preparação de um motor de combustão para competição Resumo Neste trabalho fez-se o estudo, através do programa Lotus Engine Simulation (LES), do desempenho do motor do Porsche 911 RSR de 1974, pertencente ao piloto João Macedo Silva. O piloto e o veículo em questão, participam no Campeonato Nacional de Clássicos. Numa primeira parte do trabalho faz-se um pequeno historial do uso de sistemas de turbocompressor pela Porsche, quando esta marca decidiu transformar o seu carro de Sport, o Porsche 917, numa versão destinada ao Campeonato CAN-AM, e como esta tecnologia se estendeu posteriormente a outros modelos da marca, com ênfase no 911. À luz dos regulamentos vigentes nesta competição, avaliou-se o desempenho do referido motor do Porsche 911 RSR de 1974, que é naturalmente aspirado. Tiraram-se curvas de binário e potência para várias configurações do motor, tendo por base informações disponíveis na literatura e medições levadas a cabo pelo autor, na Garagem AURORA, no Porto. Conseguiram-se resultados muito próximos daqueles divulgados pela casa mãe, a Porsche, nomeadamente uma potência máxima de 242,73 kW às 8000 rpm e um binário máximo de 306,17 Nm às 6500 rpm. Em seguida, e atendendo igualmente aos regulamentos do já referido Campeonato Nacional de Clássicos, avaliou-se a possibilidade de se aplicar um sistema turbocompressor a este mesmo motor. Analisadas as várias configurações, escolheu-se um turbo da marca KKK, modelo K36, com o qual se obtiveram, uma potência máxima de 468,05 kW às 9000 rpm e um binário máximo de 1027 Nm às 3000 rpm. A base de comparação para estes últimos resultados foi o Porsche 934 turbo de 1976, com motor de 3 L e turbo comprimido, que segundo a fabricante alemã apresentava uma potência máxima de 362 kW às 7000 rpm e um binário máximo de 588 Nm às 5400 rpm. Salienta-se, que os resultados obtidos são coerentes com os valores encontrados na literatura técnica sobre o mesmo tipo de motores. V Estudo numérico das possibilidades de preparação de um motor de combustão para competição Esta página foi intencionalmente deixada em branco VI Abstract In the present study, using the Lotus Engine Simulation (LES) software, the performances of the 1974 Porsche 911 RSR atmospheric engine, were analyzed. The first part of the study presents, a short story of the Porsche attempt to install a turbo compressor system in its well succeeded Porsche 917, when the company decided to transform this car in a CAN-AM version. This technology was then installed in other Porsche cars, namely in the 911. The 1974 Porsche 911 RSR under consideration runs on the Portuguese Classic Cars Championship and following the regulations of such competition, the performances of the engine were determined for several operating conditions. Data for the engine study were either obtained in the technical literature or from direct measurements, carried out at AURORA workshop, in Oporto. Best obtained results were of 242,73 kW of power at 8000 rpm (real value of 235 kW), and 306,17 Nm or torque at 6500 rpm (real values of 313 Nm) Then and following again the same championship regulations, and having as basis for comparison the 934 turbo from 1976, with a 3 L turbo engine, the application of a turbo system was evaluated. The chosen system was the model K36 from KKK and the obtained results were, 468,05 kW of power at 9000 rpm (362 kW at 7000 rpm in the 1976, 934 engine), and 1027 Nm of torque at 3000 rpm (588 Nm at 5400 rpm in the 1976, 934 engine). It must be stressed that the obtained results are quite coherent with those found in the technical literature for the same type of engines. VII Esta página foi intencionalmente deixada em branco VIII Agradecimentos A elaboração desta dissertação é sinónimo da concretização de um percurso muito especial. De um curso que sempre quis e de uma perspetiva de vida feliz e bem sucedida. Nesta página, para além de agradecer em específico a certas e determinadas pessoas, devo, antes de mais, agradecer à instituição Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), que sempre me acolheu bem e na qual gostei muito de me formar. É com agrado que afirmo que todo o caminho até agora percorrido foi acompanhado por pessoas incríveis, sempre dispostas a ajudar e ensinar, e com as quais humildemente pretendo disfrutar este triunfo. Dentro delas, destaco e sublinho o meu avô Túlio Alves dos Santos, que embora, com muita tristeza minha, não possa fisicamente nunca mais estar presente, todos os dias o encontro. A ti minha querida alma, que me educaste, comigo brincaste e com o teu percurso de vida mostraste que nenhum obstáculo é grande demais dedico este documento. Se a natureza incorpórea realmente existir, sei que estás contente. Como um grande homem tem sempre do seu lado uma grande mulher, avó Maria Josefina Pitrez, minha melhor amiga, tenho muito que lhe agradecer. Para além de excelente pessoa, mãe, avó e esposa, tem a capacidade de com uma simples conversa me meter a refletir durante horas, de influenciar tanta coisa e tanta gente. Com uma sabedoria que só 87 primaveras conseguem dar e com uma sanidade e destreza mental muito imprópria para a idade, agradeço- lhe as conversas, o apoio e especialmente o mimo. Aos meus pais, Júlio Pitrez dos Santos e Maria Helena Gomes Tavares, que com nada faltaram. Sempre tive tudo e o mais importante: amor, amizade, felicidade, cumplicidade e apoio. Pelos conselhos imperativamente presentes e pela confiança sempre depositada. A frase pode até parecer cliché mas sois realmente os melhores pais do mundo. A vós um obrigado repetido. São a prova viva que ser pai e mãe não é só fazer um filho. Por falar de amor, amizade, cumplicidade e acrescento beleza, tenho muito que agradecer à minha namorada, a rapariga mais bonita de Vila Real: Margarida Santos Sousa Agarez Monteiro. Neste ponto tive a mesma sorte que o meu avô, e espero que ao lado desta grande mulher, me tornar também um grande homem. Obrigada “môzinho” por transformares, com um beijinho apertado, um dia mau no mais belo. Por me apoiares e compreenderes incondicionalmente. Por seres também, a par da minha avó, a minha melhor amiga. Por fim, mas de todo menos importante, sou obrigado a incluir o meu orientador de dissertação nesta lista, professor Carlos Pinho. Professor, para além do profissionalismo e excelente passagem de conhecimento claramente evidente em si, tenho-lhe a agradecer a humildade com que fala com os seus alunos. Não é de todo comum, infelizmente, que alguém na sua posição tenha a capacidade de tratar e falar com um aluno como se de um amigo se tratasse. Pelo à vontade conseguido através de conversas extracurriculares, das quais destaco panoramas gerais e factos da sua vida, através da gentileza, compreensão e grande sentido acolhedor, digo obrigado. É a prova que ser bom professor não é só bem explicar, mas também inspirar e entusiasmar. Restante família e amigos, deixo-vos também uma palavra de apreço. Obrigado a todos vós por sempre me terem feito bem sem esperarem recompensas ou estarem presentes nesta folha. Com a vossa força, carinho e incentivo hoje sou uma pessoa mais capacitada, tanto mais que tanta gente, que estou capaz de vos agradecer. IX Esta página foi intencionalmente deixada em branco X Estudo numérico das possibilidades de preparação de um motor de combustão para competição Índice Nomenclatura............................................................................................................. XIV Índice de figuras ..................................................................................................... XVIII Índice de tabelas .................................................................................................... XXVII 1- Introdução................................................................................................................... 1 1.1- Enquadramento geral ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2- Estrutura da dissertação ........................................................................................................ 2 2- Razões que levaram à utilização de turbocompressores nos motores Porsche .......... 5 2.1-Contextualização e história em Le Mans antes da utilização do turbo ..................................... 5 2.2-Porsche em Can-Am .............................................................................................................. 10 2.2.1-Utilização de turbocompressores ............................................................................. 12 2.3-Marcas subsequentes à passagem por CAN-AM. .................................................................. 27 3- Veículo a estudar ...................................................................................................... 33 3.1-Apresentação do automóvel ..................................................................................................
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