A Community Energy Management Model And

A COMMUNITY ENERGY MANAGEMENT MODEL AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SUCCESS IN ENERGY SECURITY OF THE PROJECT ON COMMUNITY ENERGY PLANNING BY 80 INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITIES IN RESPONSE TO THE ROYAL INITIATIVE OF SUFFICIENCY ECONOMY WERAWUT BOONYANUSART A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Development Administration) School of Public Administration National Institute of Development Administration 2013 ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation A Community Energy Management Model and Factors Contributing to Success in Energy Security of the Project on Community Energy Planning by 80 Individual Communities in Response to the Royal Initiative of Sufficiency Economy Author Mr. Werawut Boonyanusart Degree Doctor of Philosophy (Public Administration) Year 2013 This research aimed to study the community energy management for energy security, especially the biomass energy production and utilization, including the output and outcome of the community energy planning project implemented by the Ministry of Energy. The research employed the qualitative research methodology, which included the interview, non-participatory observation and the examination of relate documents. The research findings show that 6 factors contributing to success in community energy management are natural capital, financial/ economic capital, human capital, social capital, organizations and technology. The essential activities for the community energy management are energy planning, community capacity building, local wisdom transfer, community capitals and resources utilization and cooperative network development. The output includes households’ production and utilization of biomass energy. The outcome includes better community economy, better social life, better community environment and more self-reliance in the area of energy. To manage community energy for energy security successfully, the research recommends that community grow trees to replace felled trees, improve energy technology and develop community products from biomass energy utilization. Support and participation from inside and outside community are necessary. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express sincere thanks to my major advisor, Assistant Professor Dr. Pairote Pathranarakul, and co-advisor , Professor Dr. Anchana NaRanong, for valuable advice, encouragement and guidance in making this dissertation a successful one. I also wish to extend thanks and appreciation to my committee chairperson, Assistant Professor Dr. Tanit Ruangrungchaikul, for his thoughtful comments and suggestions. My appreciation is extended to the scholars and researchers whose concepts, theories, and research are cited in my study. Thanks are also dedicated to all households in 12 communities whom I interviewed for data collection. Special thanks are due to my family, my wife, Jutatip, for taking care of our daughter, and my friends in DPA4 , during my study. I also would like to special thank Professor Dr. Natchaya Chalaysap for her reviewing and formal editing at the final stage of this dissertation. Werawut Boonyanusart October 2013 TABLES OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv TABLE OF COTENTS v LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES xi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of the Problem 1 1.2 Objectives of the Study 7 1.3 Research Questions 7 1.4 Scope of the Study 8 1.5 Operational Definition of the Terms 8 1.6 Usefulness of the Study 14 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND CONCEPTUAL 16 FRAMEWORK 2.1 Principles and Theories of Community Development 16 2.2 Community Energy Management and Case Studies 29 in Foreign Countries 2.3 Community Energy Management in Thailand 73 2.4 Literature Review of Key Factors for Community Energy 85 Management 2.5 Components of Economic Security 115 2.6 Conceptual Framework of the Study 126 CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 143 3.1 Research Design 143 3.2 Population and Selection of Cases 144 3.3 Data Collection 153 vi 3.4 Instrumentation 165 3.5 Data Inspection 170 3.6 Data Analysis 170 3.7 Time Line of the Study 172 CHAPTER 4 RESULTS OF THE STUDY 173 4.1 Community Capitals/Resources (Key Factors to Success) 174 Used in Community Energy Management for Energy Security 4.2 Community Energy Management 221 4.3 Outputs and Successful Outcome of Community 286 Energy Management 4.4 Models of Community Energy Management for 346 Energy Security CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 407 5.1 Conclusions and Discussion 407 5.2 Approaches to Handling Major Problems and Obstacles in 427 Community Energy Management 5.3 Policy Recommendations 429 BIBLIOGRAPHY 431 APPENDICES 445 Appendix A Details of Concepts of Components of Energy Security 446 Appendix B Key Informant Questionnaire 467 Appendix C Interview Guide # 1 for Community Leaders, 469 Administrators and Officers of the Subdistrict Municipality or the Subdistrict Administration Organization Appendix D Interview Guide # 2 - Households 477 Appendix E Observation form # 1 – Topics 484 Appendix F Key Informants 487 BIOGRAPHY 495 LIST OF TABLES Tables Page 1.1 Growing Areas and Major Crops in 2008 and 2009 3 1.2 Biomass Volume and Power Potential in 2009 3 2.1 Methods and Models for Community Energy Project Management 52 2.2 Strengths and Weakness of Each Model for Community Energy 53 Project Management 3.1 Summary of Studied Communities 145 3.2 The Number of Villages and Households Visited by the Researcher 153 3.3 Key Informants at the Subdistrict Municipality or the Subdistrict 155 Administration Organization (SAO) and Community Leaders 3.4 Key Informants Where Addition Important Data Was Collected 160 4.1 Energy Promoting Project of Wangkhaem Subdistrict 188 4.2 Budgets for the Training Projects on Alternative Energy 191 Technology and Energy Conservation 4.3 Factors (Community Capitals and Resources) and Basic 211 Sub-Dimensions that Contributed to Success in Energy Security 4.4 Factors (Community Capitals and Resources) and 215 Key Dimensions of Awarded Communities Under the Community Energy Planning Project 4.5 An Energy Project in the Three-year Plan (2013-2015) of the 224 Nachumhet Subdistrict Administration Organization 4.6 Summary Report of the Plan/Projects/Activities of Maelai 229 Subdistrict Municipality in 2013 viii 4.7 Brief Details of the Three-year Development Plan (2013-2015) 236 of the Subdistrict Administration Organization Related to Community Energy Management 4.8 Brief Details of the Three-year Development Plan (2013-2015) 242 of the Huang Nam Khao Subdistrict Administration Organization Related to Community Energy Management 4.9 Brief Details of the Three-year Development Plan (2013-2015) 247 Related to Community Energy Management of the Wangkhaem Subdistrict Administration Organization 4.10 Brief Details of The three-year development Plan (2013-2015) 252 of the Suansom Subdistrict Administration Organization Related to Community Energy Management 4.11 Brief Details of the Three-year Development Plan of Nongfag 269 Municipality (2013-2015) Related to Community Energy Management 4.12 Brief Details of the Three year Development Plan (2013-2015) 274 of the Napho Subdistrict Municipality Related to Community Energy Management 4.13 Brief Details of the Three Year Development Plan (2013-2015) 283 of the Bang Si Thong Subdistrict Administration Organization Related to Community Energy Management 4.14 Households (Some in the Community) that Use Biomass Energy 288 and LPG and Various Kinds of Technology Concerning Biomass Energy: Nachumhet Subdistrict, Yantakhao District, Trang Province 4.15 Quantity of Energy Consumption in Nachumhet Subdistrict 289 Classified by Type of Energy ix 4.16 Households (Some in the Community), Which Uses Biomass 293 Energy and LPG and Various Types of Biomass Energy Technology: Maelai Subdistrict, Muang District, Phrae Province 4.17 Quantity of fuel Used in Maelai Subdistrict classified by Type of 294 Energy 4.18 Households (Some in the Community Which Use Biomass Energy 299 and LPG and Various Types of Technology concerning Biomass Energy : Kho Sai Subdistrict, Khai Bang Rachan District, Sing Buri Province 4.19 Households (Some in the Community), Which Uses Biomass 303 Energy and LPG and Various Types of Biomass Energy Technology: Huang Nam Khao Subdistrict, Muang District, Trat Province 4.20 Households (Some in the Community), Which Uses Biomass 307 Energy and LPG and Various Types of Biomass Energy Technology: Wangkhaem Subdistrict, Kloongkhlung District, Kamphaengphet Province 4.21 Quantities of Energy Consumption of Wangkhaem Subdistrict 309 categorized by their Types 4.22 Households (Some in the Community), Which Uses Biomass 313 Energy and LPG and Various Types of Biomass Energy Technology: Suansom Subdistrict, Ban Paew District, Samut Sakhon Province 4.23 Volume of Energy Consumption per year and Co2 Emission; 314 Suansom Subdistrict 2009 4.24 Households (Some in the Community), Which Uses Biomass 317 Energy and LPG and Various Types of Biomass Energy Technology:Sri Phum Subdistrict, Krasang District, Buriram Province x 4.25 Number of Households consuming Following Types of Energies 318 Of Sri Phum Subdistrict 4.26 Households (Some in the Community), Which Uses Biomass 321 Energy and LPG and Various Types of Biomass Energy Technology: Chumpol Subdistrict, Phon Phisai District, Nong Khai Province 4.27 Households (Some in the Community), Which Uses Biomass 327 Energy and LPG and Various Types of Biomass Energy Technology: Na Wieng Subdistrict, Sai Mun District, Yasothon Province 4.28 The Number of Households Using LPG, Charcoal and

Load more