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R-21-22 Meeting 21-05 February 10, 2021 SPECIAL MEETING AGENDA ITEM 1 AGENDA ITEM

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R-21-22 Meeting 21-05 February 10, 2021 SPECIAL MEETING AGENDA ITEM 1 AGENDA ITEM R-21-22 Meeting 21-05 February 10, 2021 SPECIAL MEETING AGENDA ITEM 1 AGENDA ITEM Amendments to the Grazing Management Policy Pertaining Specifically to Reimbursements for Cattle Predation and Research on Safe Livestock and Wildlife Protection Measures GENERAL MANAGER’S RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Review and discuss the proposed amendments to the Grazing Management Policy as supported by the Planning and Natural Resources Committee, which pertain specifically to reimbursements and research work, including public and stakeholder feedback received. 2. Approve the proposed Grazing Management Policy amendments with any additional changes as requested by the Board of Directors. 3. Authorize the General Manager to make amendments to existing grazing leases to include updated lease provisions, including a reduction in rent rate consistent with the proposed Grazing Management Policy amendments. SUMMARY The General Manager recommends a Grazing Management Policy Amendment (GMPA) to add new policies and associated implementation measures that address conflicts between native predators and conservation grazing livestock in Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District (District) preserves. Since the District began its conservation grazing program in 2007, there have been a total of 26 confirmed cattle losses to native predators. These losses put the District’s partnership with small-scale local cattle ranchers at risk by reducing the economic sustainability of their conservation grazing operations on District preserves. The recommended GMPA seeks to address these issues to better protect native predators while supporting grassland management through conservation grazing by taking a science-based approach towards mitigating potential future conflicts. The amendment includes the following two specific concepts for safeguarding native wildlife while addressing the predation of livestock: 1) Reimbursement for Cattle Loss and Reduced Rent Rate: Economic compensation for conservation grazing tenants experiencing livestock loss due to predation; and 2) Research of Safe Livestock and Wildlife Protection Measures: Supporting research on the safe means for reducing wildlife and livestock conflicts that remain protective of both livestock and local wildlife. R-21-22 Page 2 District ordinances prohibit lethal removal of predators in response to livestock losses. The take of native predators allowed through California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) has never been allowed on District owned and managed lands and will not be considered as a response to livestock losses attributed to native predators. Specific policy language is included in the draft grazing management policy amendment to re-emphasize and re-state the District’s commitment to protect native wildlife and prohibit lethal take in response to livestock losses. The District is proposing reimbursement for cattle that have been lost to predation as well as a reduction in the rent rate paid by conservation grazing tenants who graze on District preserves. These economic measures will support the partnership with conservation grazing tenants by safeguarding against economic hardship while enabling the District to continue to utilize conservation grazing as a viable tool to manage coastal grassland habitats. Because of the lack of region-specific research on the efficacy of wildlife and livestock protection methods, the General Manager is proposing a five-year research and review period to determine which methods are appropriate for reducing wildlife and livestock conflicts within District conservation grazing areas. BACKGROUND In the late 1990s, Coastside residents expressed their support for extending the District’s boundaries to include the San Mateo County Coast, where development was beginning to threaten the area’s rural character and agricultural heritage. When District boundaries expanded in 2004, a commitment to preserve agricultural land and rural character, and encourage viable agricultural use of land resources was made to the Coastside community and embedded in the District’s Coastside mission statement: To acquire and preserve in perpetuity open space land and agricultural land of regional significance, protect and restore the natural environment, preserve rural character, encourage viable agricultural use of land resources, and provide opportunities for ecologically sensitive public enjoyment and education. To date, the District has protected more than 12,000 acres of open space and agricultural land on the San Mateo County Coast, including more than one third of San Mateo County’s actively grazed ranchlands. The District has invested nearly $20 million in land preservation, environmental restoration, and ecologically sensitive public recreation on these preserved coastal properties. Coastal grasslands are one of the most biodiverse and threatened ecosystems in North America, and in many cases depend on regular disturbances like grazing or fire to prevent encroachment by introduced species, shrubs, and forest. These disturbances were historically provided by wildlife herds and Native American burning practices. Conservation grazing is distinguished from basic livestock production in that the primary purpose for the use of livestock is to further the conservation goals of protecting and increasing grassland habitat biodiversity, including important pollinators. To accomplish these goals, a Rangeland Management Plan is customized for each grazing site that sets specific management parameters, such as stocking rates, class of livestock, seasonality, and duration of grazing activity. The District uses conservation grazing as a critical tool for managing approximately R-21-22 Page 3 8,500 acres of coastal lands for ecological health, biodiversity, and wildland fire safety. The District’s Conservation Grazing Program is a mutually beneficial partnership with small-scale local ranchers on the San Mateo County Coast to accomplish multiple goals aligned with the District’s mission. The District began its conservation grazing program in 2007 to maintain and enhance the diversity of native plant and animal communities by preserving grassland habitat, manage fuel loads for fire protection, sustain the local agricultural community, and preserve the region’s rural agricultural heritage. In 2013, grazing tenants began to report livestock losses due to predation by mountain lions and coyotes. In response, under the General Manager’s authority, the District began compensating conservation grazing tenants in 2014 for confirmed livestock losses to predators by offering a reimbursement based on the per pound market price of the animal at the time of the loss. District conservation grazing tenants have since continued to experience periodic livestock losses from mountain lion and coyote predation. In 2017, the District began to explore whether changes to existing policies could reduce predation and/or more adequately address the economic losses to conservation grazing tenants while continuing to support wildlife populations and ensure the viability of conservation grazing as a land management tool to protect grassland biodiversity. Natural Resources staff conducted a grazing tenant survey and interviews in 2017 to identify the scope of the issue as well as potential solutions. In 2018, the District contracted with a Wildlife Conflict Specialist to develop a scientific literature review of existing methods for addressing livestock/wildlife conflict to guide policy development. Amendments to the Grazing Management Policy that provide clear guidance to the District’s conservation grazing tenants for reducing wildlife conflicts while protecting local wildlife, including mountain lions and coyotes, are recommended. The amendments would specify the District’s role and strategy in managing these conflicts while assuring a clear understanding by the grazing tenants of District provisions for addressing these issues and at the same time assuring the general public that the District remains committed to protecting local wildlife, including native predators. The proposed amendments are strictly focused on reimbursements and research. In addition, consistent with other District policies and ordinances, language that restates the District’s long- standing prohibition of lethal take of wildlife, including mountain lions, in response to livestock loss would be explicitly included in the policy to re-emphasize the District’s protection of native predators. This language is consistent with comments received from the Center for Biological Diversity (Attachment 1), the Defenders of Wildlife (Attachment 2), and members of the public (Attachment 3). DISCUSSION Summary of Public Outreach District staff held a partner agency workshop, public stakeholder workshop, three meetings with the SMFB Executive Committee, an agricultural stakeholder workshop, two phone interviews with the California State Senate Natural Resources and Water Committee, and two wildlife advocacy workshops in late 2019 and early 2020 to solicit feedback on refinements to the draft policy amendment language. A high-level summary of each meeting is provided below. Early iterations of the GMPA included additional implementation measures beyond those that are now being considered. For clarity, the comments summarized in this report are limited to feedback on R-21-22 Page 4 the economic and research measures that under Board consideration. More detailed findings from the public and wildlife advocacy workshops are presented in Attachment 4. Partner Agency Workshop
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