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2012 Congestion Report | 1 Table of Contents Published August 26, 2012 11th edition Paula J. Hammond, P.E., Secretary of Transportation 11th edition WSDOT’s comprehensive annual analysis of state highway systemForeword performance WSDOT 2012 Congestion Report | 1 Table of Contents Moving Washington: Moving Washington: Operate Efficiently 66 WSDOT’s approach to fi ghting congestion 3 Use of SR 167 high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes continues to increase 66 SR 16 Tacoma Narrows Bridge, SR 520 Floating Bridge Contributors to the 2012 Congestion Report 4 tolling see success 67 Executive Summary 5 Intelligent Transportation Systems keep traffi c fl owing smoothly 68 69 Measuring Delay and Congestion Annual Report 6 Incident Response provides $72 million in annual economic benefi ts Getting a clear picture of incident clearance times by WSDOT region 70 About the cover... 6 Incident response reduces societal costs 71 Congestion Report Dashboard of Indicators 7 Estimating the societal costs associated with secondary crashes; 2012 Congestion Report Executive Summary: Looking at 2011 data 8 Fatality incidents and over-90-minute incidents 72 Introduction 11 Th e Major Incident Tow program pulls heavy loads off highways 73 Congestion increasing since 2009, still below pre-recession levels 12 Moving Washington: Manage Demand 74 WSDOT’s congestion measurement principles in action 13 Manage demand: WSDOT’s tools make best use of highway capacity 74 How WSDOT’s congestion performance measures work 14 Moving Washington: Add Capacity Strategically 75 Travel Delay and VMT 17 Capacity expansion: I-5 Blakeslee Junction to Grand Mound and Grand Statewide Congestion Indicators and Travel Delay 18 Mound to Maytown reduce Thurston, Lewis County congestion 75 Statewide travel delay costs add up for Washington 18 Projects provide reprieve from weekend traffi c jams 76 WSDOT measures per capita delay, system wide congestion and delay 19 I-5 – 196th Street SB braided ramps (Lynnwood) reduce backups 77 Statewide travel delay and VMT: Distribution by urban area 20 I-405 – NE 195th St. to SR 527 auxiliary lane keeps traffi c moving 78 Following central Puget Sound travel delay and I-405 – NE 8th St. to SR 520 braided ramps interchange improvements 79 vehicle miles traveled trends 21 Moving Washington: Balanced Strategies 80 Vehicle miles traveled on public roads, state highways see Corridor performance updates 80 moderate changes 22 Table of Tables and Graphs 82 Throughput Productivity 23 Half of sampled locations experience throughput productivity losses 24 Acronyms used in the 2012 Congestion Report 84 Measuring throughput productivity on Puget Sound area freeways 25 Publication Information 85 Travel Times 27 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) information 85 Travel Time Analysis 28 Analyzing travel times on major Puget Sound area commute routes 28 WSDOT quantifi es the cost of commute congestion 32 Factors that aff ect travel times from 2009 to 2011 33 Employment and population trends refl ect struggling economy 34 Fatal collisions prolong travel times; Travel trends update 35 Travel time reliability on major Puget Sound commute routes 36 Taking a stamp graph view of travel time trends 39 Duration and frequency of severe congestion in peak travel periods 40 Twelve additional Puget Sound commute routes show little congestion 42 A closer look at Spokane’s commutes 43 HOV Lane Performance 45 High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes Performance Analysis 46 HOV lane performance: Striving to provide speed and reliability 46 Performance reliability and monitoring HOV lane volumes 47 Keeping an eye on HOV lane occupancy compliance and person volumes 48 Transit ridership aff ects effi ciency of HOV lane system 49 HOV lanes provide better reliability compared to GP lanes 50 HOV lanes save time during morning commutes 51 HOV lanes reduce travel times for evening commuters 52 HOV lane travelers spend less time on (morning/evening) commutes 53 A look at how HOV and GP lane reliability performance compare 54 Comparing HOV lane travel times to GP lanes for Seattle work locations 58 for Bellevue work locations 59 for other work locations 60 WSDOT Strategies 61 Moving Washington: A Balanced Approach 62 WSDOT takes a three-pronged approach to fi ghting congestion 62 WSDOT takes aim at traffi c jams on I-5 at JBLM 63 Improved JBLM vanpool ridership contributes to congestion reduction 64 Vanpool ridership increases to JBLM and helps manage demand on I-5 65 The 2012 Congestion Report compares data from 2009 and 2011. 2 | WSDOT 2012 Congestion Report Table of Contents Moving Washington: WSDOT’s strategy for addressing congestion he mission of the Washington State Department of Transportation is to keep people and business moving by operating and improving the state’s transportation systems Tvital to our taxpayers and communities. Washington State Department of Trans­ portation (WSDOT) is fi ghting congestion using its foundational strategy called Moving Washington – a three-pronged strategy comprised of operating the transportation system effi­ ciently, managing travel demand, and strategically adding capacity by delivering projects. It is the agency’s goal to create a safe, reliable and sustainable transportation network that spurs economic productivity by providing access to jobs and essential activities of life. WSDOT’s strategies for Moving Washington are discussed in this report. WSDOT is keen to use innovative approaches and expand its ability to analyze highway system performance on a statewide basis. As part of this eff ort, WSDOT has purchased private sector probe-based speed data to help with system performance analysis, project prioritization, planning, design, construction, and Before and Aft er project evaluations and communication. WSDOT’s 2012 Congestion Report is the agency’s 11th annual analysis of travel statewide with an emphasis on the major freeways in the Puget Sound region and assessment of WSDOT’s congestion relief projects and strategies. Th e information presented herein allows WSDOT and its partners to focus on strategies that work. Th e reader will notice some changes from previous editions of the Congestion Report. Th e most notable change in this edition is the new cover. Other evolving changes include identifying the economic benefi ts of the various strategies and a focus on a Moving Washington corridor-based performance analysis. Another aspect of this eff ort is the enhanced visualization of WSDOT’s corridor-based reporting approach using tools such as Geographic Information Systems. Moving Washington strategies are having an impact. Four Before and Aft er studies highlighted in this report show that the strategies work. We have more work to do – most congestion per­ formance metrics are trending higher in 2011 than the previous two years, but are still well below pre-recession levels. Congestion levels in 2011 show some measurable increases com­ pared to 2009; when compared to 2010, these increases are mostly marginal. When measured at maximum throughput speed, the 2011 delay on state highways was 16 percent greater than it was in 2009, and 3 percent higher than in 2010. Annual vehicle miles traveled saw a less than 1 percent increase on all roads and held steady on state highways in 2011 when compared to 2009. When compared to 2010, annual vehicle miles traveled saw a slight decrease in 2011 on all roads (by 0.4 percent) and on state highways (by 1 percent). As the economy continues to improve, it will be accompanied by increased travel demand. WSDOT stands ready to address these challenges. Looking to the future, major projects, including the Alaskan Way Viaduct, SR 520 Floating Bridge, Columbia River Crossing, and projects in the I-5 and I-405 corridors are in the works. Variable time-of-day tolling on SR 520 and Smarter Highways, using technologies such as Active Traffi c Management, were implemented on the central Puget Sound region’s busiest corridors. Th e Gray Notebook 46 semi-annual travel time trends report includes the traffi c eff ects of the SR 520 variable time­ of-day tolling project, which began operations on the SR 520 Lake Washington fl oating bridge in December 2011. Foreword WSDOT 2012 Congestion Report | 3 Contributors to the 2012 Congestion Report Matt Beaulieu Mike Bernard Mike Bjordahl Daniela Bremmer Pete Briglia Dave Bushnell Paula Connelley Dan Davis Mike Ellis Vince Fairhurst Sreenath Gangula Hien Giang Manouchehr Goudarzi Mark Hallenbeck WSDOT’s Congestion Working Group met on May 9, 2012. WSDOT staff engaged in lively discussions of new Monica Harwood methods to quantify congestion impacts with visiting experts from Texas Transportation Institute and INRIX. Janice Helmann ongestion analysis is a complex and collaborative eff ort, requiring the input of mul­ John Ishimaru tiple partners and the expertise of various disciplines. Th e work of many people Steve Kim Cgoes into the data collection, processing, analysis, writing, editing, and production Bill Legg of WSDOT’s annual Congestion Report. Th is list of contributors refl ects the eff orts of data Diane McGuerty analysts, engineers, planners, project leads, senior managers and executives. Information is Delwar Murshed reported on a preliminary basis and available for internal management use; it is subject to Janarthanan Natarajan correction and clarifi cation. Online versions of this publication are available at www.wsdot. Carolyn Newsome wa.gov/accountability. Binh Nguyen John Nisbet Lead Analyst – Sreenath Gangula Tyler Patterson Performance Analysis Team – Sreenath Gangula, Joe Irwin, Charles Prestrud Sarah
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