The Parks You Don't Know
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Wilderness Visitors and Recreation Impacts: Baseline Data Available for Twentieth Century Conditions
United States Department of Agriculture Wilderness Visitors and Forest Service Recreation Impacts: Baseline Rocky Mountain Research Station Data Available for Twentieth General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-117 Century Conditions September 2003 David N. Cole Vita Wright Abstract __________________________________________ Cole, David N.; Wright, Vita. 2003. Wilderness visitors and recreation impacts: baseline data available for twentieth century conditions. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-117. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 52 p. This report provides an assessment and compilation of recreation-related monitoring data sources across the National Wilderness Preservation System (NWPS). Telephone interviews with managers of all units of the NWPS and a literature search were conducted to locate studies that provide campsite impact data, trail impact data, and information about visitor characteristics. Of the 628 wildernesses that comprised the NWPS in January 2000, 51 percent had baseline campsite data, 9 percent had trail condition data and 24 percent had data on visitor characteristics. Wildernesses managed by the Forest Service and National Park Service were much more likely to have data than wildernesses managed by the Bureau of Land Management and Fish and Wildlife Service. Both unpublished data collected by the management agencies and data published in reports are included. Extensive appendices provide detailed information about available data for every study that we located. These have been organized by wilderness so that it is easy to locate all the information available for each wilderness in the NWPS. Keywords: campsite condition, monitoring, National Wilderness Preservation System, trail condition, visitor characteristics The Authors _______________________________________ David N. -
Late Pleistocene Glacial History and Reconstruction of the Fish Lake Plateau, South-Central Utah: Implications for Climate at the Last Glacial Maximum
Late Pleistocene Glacial History and Reconstruction of the Fish Lake Plateau, South-Central Utah: Implications for Climate at the Last Glacial Maximum Sarah C. Bergman Senior Integrative Exercise March 9, 2007 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree from Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………… 1 CLIMATE HISTORY …………………………………………………………. 7 ORBITAL FORCING ………………………………………………………… 7 THE LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM …………………………………………… 7 GLACIERS AND GLACIATION ……………………………………………... 8 ALPINE GLACIATION ………………………………………………………. 8 GEOMORPHIC INDICATORS OF GLACIATION ………………………….. 12 GLACIER DYNAMICS ………………………………………………………. 14 STUDY AREA ………………………………………………………………….. 17 GEOLOGIC SETTING ………………………………………………………... 19 COSMOGENIC 3HE EXPOSURE AGE DATING ………………………….. 19 METHODS ………………………………………………………………. 23 GLACIAL RECONSTRUCTION ……………………………………………. 24 COMPUTER MODELING ………………………………………………….. 27 Inputs ……………………………………………………………………. 28 Parameters ……………………………………………………………… 28 Outputs ………………………………………………………………….. 31 Sources of error ………………………………………………………… 31 ELA RECONSTRUCTION …………………………………………………… 33 MODERN ELA RECONSTRUCTION ………………………………………. 35 PLEISTOCENE ELA RECONSTRUCTION ………………………………… 37 Toe to headwall altitude ratio (THAR) ……………………………………. 37 Accumulation area ratio (AAR) ………………………………………….. 38 Cirque floor altitude ……………………………………………………... 38 Maximum altitude of lateral moraines (MALM) …………………………. 38 RESULTS ……………………………………………………………………….. 39 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -
The Oxen at Naches Pass
78 News Department The Washington Historical Quarterly extends welcome to the new association and cherishes the hope that the "British Columbia Historical Quarterly" may soon make its appearance. The Oxen at Naches Pass In "Van Ogle's Memory of Pioneer Days," which appeared in the Washington Historical Quarterly for October, 1922, the old pioneer was shown (pages 269-270) to differ with George H. Himes, the eminent historical authority of Oregon, about the fam ous story of killing oxen at Naches Pass in order to make raw hide ropes, with which to let the immigrant wagons down what was called "the jumping-off place." Mr. Himes promptly took ex ception to such criticism of his historical work and painstaking efforts at accuracy as follows: "I just saw your October Quarterly and read Van Ogle's account. A lot of what he gave Miss Judson is an after thought. There was not a single wagon driven down from the summit with a team attached, even one yoke. I began the preparation of my article, as printed in the Transactions of the Oregon Pioneer As sociation, 1907, fully twenty-five years before that, at the request of James Biles, one day when I was his guest at Tumwater. "'Why, Mr. Biles,' I said, 'I am not the person to write an account of that trip through the Naches Pass. Some one or more of the adults otIght to do it. I was nothing but a 1.oy and am not positive about the facts. I remember many of the details of the trip-that is, I think I remember them.' Finally, upon Mr. -
1967, Al and Frances Randall and Ramona Hammerly
The Mountaineer I L � I The Mountaineer 1968 Cover photo: Mt. Baker from Table Mt. Bob and Ira Spring Entered as second-class matter, April 8, 1922, at Post Office, Seattle, Wash., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published monthly and semi-monthly during March and April by The Mountaineers, P.O. Box 122, Seattle, Washington, 98111. Clubroom is at 719Y2 Pike Street, Seattle. Subscription price monthly Bulletin and Annual, $5.00 per year. The Mountaineers To explore and study the mountains, forests, and watercourses of the Northwest; To gather into permanent form the history and traditions of this region; To preserve by the encouragement of protective legislation or otherwise the natural beauty of North west America; To make expeditions into these regions m fulfill ment of the above purposes; To encourage a spirit of good fellowship among all lovers of outdoor life. EDITORIAL STAFF Betty Manning, Editor, Geraldine Chybinski, Margaret Fickeisen, Kay Oelhizer, Alice Thorn Material and photographs should be submitted to The Mountaineers, P.O. Box 122, Seattle, Washington 98111, before November 1, 1968, for consideration. Photographs must be 5x7 glossy prints, bearing caption and photographer's name on back. The Mountaineer Climbing Code A climbing party of three is the minimum, unless adequate support is available who have knowledge that the climb is in progress. On crevassed glaciers, two rope teams are recommended. Carry at all times the clothing, food and equipment necessary. Rope up on all exposed places and for all glacier travel. Keep the party together, and obey the leader or majority rule. Never climb beyond your ability and knowledge. -
Profiles of Colorado Roadless Areas
PROFILES OF COLORADO ROADLESS AREAS Prepared by the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region July 23, 2008 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 2 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ARAPAHO-ROOSEVELT NATIONAL FOREST ......................................................................................................10 Bard Creek (23,000 acres) .......................................................................................................................................10 Byers Peak (10,200 acres)........................................................................................................................................12 Cache la Poudre Adjacent Area (3,200 acres)..........................................................................................................13 Cherokee Park (7,600 acres) ....................................................................................................................................14 Comanche Peak Adjacent Areas A - H (45,200 acres).............................................................................................15 Copper Mountain (13,500 acres) .............................................................................................................................19 Crosier Mountain (7,200 acres) ...............................................................................................................................20 Gold Run (6,600 acres) ............................................................................................................................................21 -
Data Set Listing (May 1997)
USDA Forest Service Air Resource Monitoring System Existing Data Set Listing (May 1997) Air Resource Monitoring System (ARMS) Data Set Listing May 1997 Contact Steve Boutcher USDA Forest Service National Air Program Information Manager Portland, OR (503) 808-2960 2 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 DATA SET DESCRIPTIONS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10 National & Multi-Regional Data Sets EPA’S EASTERN LAKES SURVEY ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 EPA’S NATIONAL STREAM SURVEY ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 EPA WESTERN LAKES SURVEY------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13 FOREST HEALTH MONITORING (FHM) LICHEN MONITORING-------------------------------------------------14 FOREST HEALTH MONITORING (FHM) OZONE BIOINDICATOR PLANTS ----------------------------------15 IMPROVE AEROSOL MONITORING--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 IMPROVE NEPHELOMETER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 IMPROVE TRANSMISSOMETER ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18 NATIONAL ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION PROGRAM/ NATIONAL TRENDS NETWORK----------------19 NATIONAL -
Finnish Champion Title Regulations 2021
FINNISH CHAMPION TITLE REGULATIONS 2021 1 FINNISH CHAMPION TITLE REGULATIONS Valid as of 1.1.2021 This document is a translation of the original version in Finnish, Suomen Valionarvosäännöt 2021. In cases of doubt, the original version will prevail. REQUIREMENTS APPLIED TO ALL BREEDS A champion title application must be made no later than five (5) years after the last result counting towards the title was achieved. After this, the title is no longer granted. (Council 22/11/2020) Finnish Show Champion (FI CH) At least three certificates obtained in dog shows in Finland under three different judges. At least one of these certificates must be obtained at the minimum age of 24 months. Possible breed-specific requirements regarding trial results will also have to be met. The amendment enters into force on 1.6.2011. (Council 29/5/11) The requirements regarding trial results are minimum requirements. For a dog that has a Finnish owner / holder, results in breed-specific trials gained in Nordic countries count towards the Finnish Show Champion title. (Council 24/11/2007) Finnish Agility Champion (FI ACH) A dog is awarded the Finnish Agility Champion title once it has been awarded three Agility Certificates in the highest class in Agility, under three different Agility judges. In addition, the dog must have obtained at least the quality grade good at a dog show at the minimum age of 15 months. A foreign dog is awarded the Finnish Agility Champion title, once it has obtained the national Agility Champion title of its country and has been awarded one Agility Certificate in the highest class in Agility in Finland. -
Stop the Rollbacks
BROADSIDES VOLUME 30 | NO. 2 | SUMMER 2020 While You Were Masked STOP THE by Susan Kearns ROLLBACKS ou may have had a brief chuckle The proposed and deceptively named Find an updated if you saw a cartoon of President Scientific Transparency Rule would restrict list of rollbacks Trump with a mask over his the use of scientific studies that have not Y at https://bit.ly/ListRBs eyes as a comment on his response to the been published. This limits the data allowed coronavirus. As the pandemic raced through for consideration and opponents say it will the country, however, skew the science to support deregulation. the mask was pulled The White House Office of over our eyes and Management and Budget cinched tight by an is looking at implementing administration eager a similar rule to constrain to slash environmental the use of science in regulations. decision making. As people hunkered COVID-19 inspired down in their homes, EPA to “temporarily” or worse, dealt directly suspend oversight and with the onslaught enforcement. While of the virus, the feds industrial facilities are took full advantage by obliged to keep a record Enough is accelerating initiatives of non-compliance, they enough! to nullify or rewrite do not have to disclose regulations that protect that information to the public health and the environment. public—nor report it to the EPA! Eliminating BROADBANDS supervision without mandating reporting IN ACTION EPA Leads the Parade to ensure accountability is reckless and Members go PAGE The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) irresponsible. virtual in their advocacy efforts. 6 seems to be working at odds with its name— Furthermore, the EPA is making it more putting forth a plethora of proposals that difficult for public engagement by reducing contribute to, rather than reduce, pollution comment periods to 30 days, rather than 60 BROADER and greenhouse gas emissions. -
2016 Tacoma Mountaineers Intermediate Climbing Manual
TACOMA MOUNTAINEERS Intermediate Climbing Manual 2016 Table of Contents Welcome to the Tacoma Mountaineers _______________________________________________________________________ 3 Course Information _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Course Description _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 2016 Intermediate Course Roster _______________________________________________________________________________ 7 Course Policies and Requirements _____________________________________________________________________________ 11 General Notes __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 Late for Lecture / Absenteeism Policy _______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 Conservation Requirement ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 Winter Overnight Requirement ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 Basic Climbing Field Trip Teaching Requirement __________________________________________________________________________ 12 Mentor Program ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13 Rope Leader, Climb Leader, & Graduation Policies __________________________________________________________ 15 Rope Lead Process ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ -
Survival Tips: Enjoy Winter’S Wonders with Confidence
WWW.MOUNTAINEERS.ORG JANUARY 2011 • VOLUME 105 • NO. 1 MountaineerE X P L O R E • C O N S E R V E • L E A R N Survival tips: Enjoy winter’s wonders with confidence Leif Whittaker’s Everest journey 2011 course guide HAVE SKIS, and climband ski WILL TRAVEL Dylan Taylor JOE STOCK’S idea of a good time typically requires skis, high mountains, long distances, Hilleberg Nammatj and uncharted territory. Since 2006, Joe has made 100+ mile traverses through Alaska’s Chugach, Neacola and Tordrillo Mountains – all involving more than 20,000 feet of vertical respectively – and has skied off the summit of Mount Chamberlain, the highest mountain in the Alaskan Arctic. In the spring of 2010, he skied a high and technical crossing of Alaska’s Wrangell Mountains, a range noted for its high peaks, or o er three decades, Hilleberg has been making he highest quality all season rugged terrain, bears, and an alarming lack of tents available. Conceived and developed in northern Sweden, Hilleberg tents up-to-date cartography. During his little jaunts, offer the ideal balance of low weight, strength, and comfort. Order our catalog he calls a Hilleberg Nammatj home. “The Tent Handbook” for more information. “I never know what I'm getting into on remote Alaska ski expeditions: 75+mph winds, drifting snow or even swarms of mosquitoes, but I always know my Nammatj will handle the conditions. It sets up fast in a raging blizzard, has plenty of room for us and our gear, and it is bombproof.” WWW.HILLEBERG.COM (For more, see www.stockalpine.com) • Toll Free: 1-866-848-8368 • 2 the mountaineer » jan/feb 2011 www.mountaineers.org 3 inside Jan/Feb 2011 » Volume 105 » Number 1 13 Gear: Best 11 for 2011 Enriching the community by helping people explore, conserve, learn about, and enjoy the 15 Your ticket to the outdoors lands and waters of the Pacific Northwest. -
The Project Gutenberg Etext of the Letters of Franklin K. Lane Copyright Laws Are Changing All Over the World. Be Sure to Check
The Project Gutenberg Etext of The Letters of Franklin K. Lane Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before distributing this or any other Project Gutenberg file. We encourage you to keep this file, exactly as it is, on your own disk, thereby keeping an electronic path open for future readers. Please do not remove this. This header should be the first thing seen when anyone starts to view the etext. Do not change or edit it without written permission. The words are carefully chosen to provide users with the information they need to understand what they may and may not do with the etext. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **Etexts Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These Etexts Are Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** Information on contacting Project Gutenberg to get etexts, and further information, is included below. We need your donations. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a 501(c)(3) organization with EIN [Employee Identification Number] 64-6221541 Title: The Letters of Franklin K. Lane Author: Franklin K. Lane Edited by Anne Wintermute Lane and Louise Herrick Wall Release Date: July, 2003 [Etext #4206] [Yes, we are more than one year ahead of schedule] [This file was first posted on December 01, 2001] Edition: 10 Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII The Project Gutenberg Etext of The Letters of Franklin K. Lane *****This file should be named ltrln10.txt or ltrln10.zip***** Corrected EDITIONS of our etexts get a new NUMBER, ltrln11.txt VERSIONS based on separate sources get new LETTER, ltrln10a.txt This etext was produced by Robert Rowe, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team Project Gutenberg Etexts are often created from several printed editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the US unless a copyright notice is included. -
A Guide to the Livestock-Working
A Guide to the $1.50 Livestock-working Dog B. Henny elcome to the Selecting Your fascinating world Wof the livestock- Employee working dog. This publication If you select and train contains four sections: your working dog as carefully • Selecting the working dog, as you would hire and train a including review of the manager for your farm, you common working breeds can have a very valuable four- legged employee that does the • Basic training methods work of four people and and tips becomes your best and most • The International Sheep Dog faithful friend. Whether you select honest. List your Rules with course pattern and train the dog yourself, or traits, such as • A list of resources including instruct a 4-H member, we can’t temper, patience, and breed associations overemphasize the importance of the type of discipline you use. studying all aspects of training Don’t be afraid or too vain to ask It’s intended as a reference before you begin. your spouse, parents, or leader if guide, not a training manual. The first thing to consider is the list accurately reflects your “Training a working dog is not choosing the working breed most personality. Then study the breeds child’s play. It is serious business, suited to your personality and and make a selection that suits you. requiring patience, perseverance, situation. Each working breed has The following is a review of the and knowledge of what you want common personality traits and a most common working breeds and your dog to learn. You must not primary purpose for which it was some helpful hints on the “non- expect the dog to learn it all in a bred.