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Urban Hydrology Study in Suceava Municipality Area

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Urban Hydrology Study in Suceava Municipality Area ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY ABSTRACT OF THE PH.D. THESIS URBAN HYDROLOGY STUDY IN SUCEAVA MUNICIPALITY AREA Ph.D. candidate Andrei – Emil Briciu Scientific coordinator Prof. univ. dr. Gheorghe Romanescu Iaşi, 2013 1 © Andrei-Emil Briciu CONTENTS I. Introduction 4 II. Location and delimitation of the study area 5 III. The current state of knowledge in the international and national urban hydrology 6 III.1. The current state of knowledge in the international urban hydrology 6 III.2. The current state of knowledge in the national urban hydrology 10 IV. The natural environment of the study area 12 IV.1. The geology of the area of Suceava city 12 IV.2. The geomorphology the area of Suceava city 17 IV.3. The climate of the area of Suceava city 27 IV.4. The hydrography of the area of Suceava city 31 IV.4.1. Groundwater 31 IV.4.1. Rivers 34 IV.4.1. Lakes 44 IV.5. The biogeography of Suceava city area 47 IV.5.1. Flora 47 IV.5.2. Fauna 50 IV.5.3. Other life forms 52 IV.6. The soils of the area of Suceava city 53 V. The anthropic environment of the study area 56 V.1. The population 57 V.2. The land Use 57 V.3. The economy 61 VI. The urban water circuit in the city of Suceava 64 VI.1. Overall balance of water 64 A. The inputs 64 A.1. Water consumption 64 A.2. Rainwater 67 B. The circulatory system 68 B.1. Water supply network 68 B.2. Surface runoff 73 B.3. Sewerage network 74 B.4. Groundwater flow 75 C. The outputs 78 2 © Andrei-Emil Briciu C.1. Wastewater 78 VII. The influence of the Suceava city area on the fluid flow of the homonymous river 83 VIII. The influence of the urban area of Suceava on Suceava River floods 89 VIII.1. The Suceava anthropic torrential basin 89 VIII.2. The comparison of Suceava River floods from Tibeni and Iţcani 95 IX. The influence of the urban area of Suceava on the solid flow of the Suceava River and its urban and suburban tributaries 106 X. The thermal pollution of the natural water courses within the city of Suceava 120 XI. The influence of the urban area of Suceava on the urban snow and ice 143 XII. The influence of the human activity on the physical and chemical characteristics of rivers and groundwater in the urban and suburban areas of Suceava 160 XII.1. Data and methods 161 XII.2. Results and discussion 165 XII.2.1. Physico-chemical characteristics of the urban surface waters 165 XII.2.1.a. Regional analysis 165 XII.2.1.b. Basin analysis 181 XII.2.1.b.1. The urban tributaries of the Suceava River 183 XII.2.1.b.2. Suceava River 187 XII.2.1.b.2.a. Self-purification of the Suceava River water 187 XII.2.1.b.2.b. Future estimates of Suceava River chemistry 193 XII.2.2. Physico-chemical characteristics of the urban and peri-urban groundwater 198 XII.2.2.a. Groundwater in the peri-urban villages 199 XII.2.2.b. Groundwater in the urban area 202 XII.3. Conclusions 203 XIII. Dragomirna Lake - limnological analyses 205 XIII.1. The analyses of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the lake water 206 XIII.2. Sedimentological analyses 208 XIV. Hydrological risks in the area of Suceava city 219 XV. Urban water management in the area of Suceava city 222 XVI. Conclusions 224 3 © Andrei-Emil Briciu XVII. Bibliography 225 4 © Andrei-Emil Briciu I. Introduction This paper is intended as an advance of the Romanian hydrology in the field of urban hydrology. The urban hydrology studies are few in Romania and this gap is felt in the synthetic interpretations of urban hydrology for understanding the geographic urban landscape. The observation, by author, of the risky hydrological phenomena in the municipality area, where did not exist, until now, a dedicated and complex scientific paper, imposed subsequent detailed field and laboratory analyzes and bibliographical information. All this led to the development of the urban hydrological studies of Suceava, summarized in this paper or described only here. The teamwork together with specialists having different trainings provided a broad horizon of possible explanations for the studied phenomena. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the features of the urban water cycle in the area of Suceava city. The attention has fallen on those subjects more stringent and / or for which there were sufficient data for relevant analysis. Since urban hydrology is nowadays vastly diversified, the current work focuses only on the items of the previously mentioned type, without pretending to exhaust all the aspects of this hydrology. However, we believe that we have captured all the essentials for achieving an overall and accurate view of the urban waters in the study area. II. Location and delimitation of the study area Suceava city is located in Romania, Suceava County. Official geographic coordinates of the city are 47 ° 39'5 "N, 26 ° 15'20" E, 325 m altitude. The city borders a town and 6 villages. III. The current state of knowledge in international and national urban hydrology 5 © Andrei-Emil Briciu III.1. The current state of knowledge in the international urban hydrology This subchapter describes the beginnings of the urban hydrology, its development and its ramification, based on international studies. There are detailed, particularly, those aspects of the urban hydrology that will be analyzed later for Suceava city. The focus is on chemical and thermal pollution of the urban waters III.1. The current state of knowledge in the national urban hydrology This subchapter describes the contributions of urban hydrological in Romania. Scientific papers studying in the city of Suceava and its neighborhood are briefly listed; these studies have impact on the knowledge of the urban hydrology of Suceava city area. IV. The natural environment of the area of Suceava municipality IV.1. The geology of Suceava municipality area The geology of the studied area is well described by using numerous GIS-based maps. The emphasis is on describing the geological layers in order to further describe groundwater flow. IV.1. The geomorphology of Suceava municipality area The geomorphological study describes various morphometric and morphographical characteristics (such as the fluvial topography, the landslides, the slopes and their apects etc..). Here, it is described for the first time the Suceava River longitudinal profile in the homonymous city. IV.3. The climate of Suceava municipality area 6 © Andrei-Emil Briciu The climate of the study area has been previously studied specifically for the city in various works, among which "The characteristics of the cold semester in Suceava" (2005) and " The characteristics of the warm semester in Suceava " (2006) by Mihaila and Tanase, but also for wider spaces such as Suceava Plateau: Tanase (2011) - "The climate of the Suceava Plateau – Risky phenomena and implications for the sustainable development." Recent data are briefly exposed in this subchapter, but more details are given in further chapters where the meteorological characteristics are needed in order to best describe the observed phenomena. IV.4. The hydrography of Suceava municipality area IV.4.1. Groundwater Ujvari (1972) characterizes the region's groundwater as developed in Sarmatian sediments of monoclinic structures. Many other types of groundwaters exist here, including alluvial groundwater and enclosed in landslides. IV.4.2. The rivers The main river of the study area is Suceava, a 2nd order tributary of the Danube river. Its basin has an area of 2616 sq km (1989 sq km at Iţcani hydrological station, in Suceava city), a length of 172.3 km and a bedslope of 1-2 m/km in the Suceava Plateau. The other rivers are tributaries of Suceava, with small catchments having areas ranging between 8 and 43 sq km: Dragomirna (the largest local tributary, 16 sq km and the largest catchment), Scheia, Podu Vatafului and Paraul Cetatii (the smallest catchment). IV.4.3. The lakes 7 © Andrei-Emil Briciu The lakes of the study area are less numerous. The two major types of lakes, natural and anthropogenic, are approximately equal in number, but the volume of water cantoned in the anthropogenic ones is much higher. Natural lakes: Balta Burdujanului, Scheia, Balc, Balcu. Anthropogenic lakes: Dragomirna, Mihoveni, Icar. IV.5. The biogeography of Suceava municipality IV.5.1. The vegetation The flora of the study area includes the following elements: Eurasian, European and Central European, Continental, Pontic, Pontic- Mediterranean and Pontic Submediterranean, circumpolar. Dominant are the Eurasian, European and circumpolar ones (Chifu et al., 2006). According to Borza (1960), Suceava Plateau belongs to the Central European province of East-Carpathian, while according to Savulescu (1940), it belongs to the Dacian province. IV.5.2. The fauna The fauna of Suceava city area belongs to the Palaearctic region, the Euro-Siberian subregion (the Central European super-province, with the Dacian and Moldavian provinces) (Constantinescu et al., 2011). The study area lies on the border between the two mentioned provinces, which provides a large variety of animal species. IV.6. The soils of the area of Suceava municipality The soils in the administrative area of Suceava are differentiated by the influence of the pedogenetic processes and of the ruling pedogenesis activities that contributed to their formation. The main type of soils is represented by argiloilluvial chernozems. 8 © Andrei-Emil Briciu V. The anthropic environment of the study area Archaeological research has shown that the Suceava city is inhabited since the Paleolithic. Daco-Roman settlement in the second and third centuries evolved to become the settlement documented in 1388 as the capital of Moldova.
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