A2 LEVEL FACT FILES Journalism For first teaching from September 2013 For first AS award in Summer 2014 For first A Level award in Summer 2015 Glossary of Broadcast Journalism Terms

in the Media and Communications Industry (JMC) Glossary of Broadcast Journalism Terms (an anonymous source). name to broadcast it,ordoesnotgive you theirnameat all newsworthy, butdoesnotgive you to permission usetheir Anonymous: someonewhotells you something thisasafact. report The girl could belying. weUntil cannot theboyfriend isfound incourt, guilty example, thegirl allegesshewas attacked by herboyfriend. done something, buthasnotbeenfound yet. guilty For Alleged: aterm usedto refer to claimsthat someonehas for useasisorto berewritten to prior publication. suchasthePress ormainagency press Association agency copy:Agency material whichcomes infrom afreelance material recordedActuality: inthefield. with avoice eitherend. Bulletin wrap: thesameasa Wrap –apiece ofactuality news bulletinis3minutes. ormostrecentimportant story,In radio an first. average Bulletin: news stories, read inorder, withthemost bomb, road aserious traffic accident. anemergingBreaking: story, usuallysomeone’s death, a event. Audio: recording ofsomeone, orofsoundeffects ofan Glossary ofBroadcast Journalism Glossary Terms

Wavebreak Media / Thinkstock.com the judge. Sunday. refused journalists Both to hand over their notes to interviewed, whowere witnessesto theevents onBloody refused to tell thejudgenamesofsoldiers theyhad were found to bein ‘contempt ofcourt’ becausethey Ireland, theotherfromone from Channel4news, Northern (BloodySunday), two journalists, theSavilleduring Inquiry that thejudgeincase doesnotagree with.For example, doessomething Another exampleiswhenthejournalist present andwithevidence.judge and/orjury -meansinnocentguilty until proven by a incourt guilty nor cantheysay sheisadrunketc. Innocent until proven intheshoppingcentre,saw herhitthechildoneafternoon case. otherwords, In that someone he/shecannotreport not allowed anything to that report might prejudice her Once sheisarrested, thecaseis ‘active’ is andajournalist Craigavon herbaby. isarrested withkilling inconnection isasfollows:An exampleofcontempt ofcourt Awoman in are saidto be “active.” publication ofprejudicial material whenlegalproceedings Contempt cantakemany forms isthe butthemostserious the integrity ofthelegal process from outsideinfluence. Contempt: isthebodyoflaw whichprotects ofcourt in theMediaandCommunicationsIndustry(JMC)

iStock / Thinkstock.com 1 Glossary of Broadcast Journalism Terms or refusal to beinterviewed. offailurethere to respond requests isahistory to interview hasbeenrepeatedlyinterview refused withoutgoodreason; withthewrongdoingconnection alleged;arequest for an has failedto respond to repeated requests in for interview or more, ofthefollowing ofadoorstep reasons: thesubject is evidence orsignificant ofcrime wrongdoing and for one, – Editorial approval onlybegiven willnormally whenthere challenge andthisisproving difficult,the following applies allegations about or wish aretopeople journalists making casesofthose andsoon.In and gofrom buildings, airports for broadcast, arrangement, withoutprior astheycome mayJournalists askthemquestionsandrecord theanswers ofmediaattention.the news, to bethesubject theycanexpect Doorstepping: organisation. andamemberofparamilitary being akiller haswrongly asthejournalist accused him of a libelaction, identified thisperson. That person would have grounds for is a convictedin Belfast UVF killer, has mis- but in fact person andaphotographed personat aflagdemonstration in which he/she says that a named publishes an article consequences ifonegetsitwrong. For example, ifajournalist pitfall relating to broadcast financial withserious journalism, Defamation aslibel):isthebiggestlegal (alsoknown completed for publication. Deadline: thefinaltime at whichmaterial is to be a voiced report. Cue: three introducing linesoftext thestory, orleadinginto and writers. Copy: written text on a story –aterm usedby journalists onastory written text when publicfigures andotherpeopleare in

Stockbyte / Thinkstock.com iStock / Thinkstock.com information abouttheperson. condolences, may thejournalist theclubfor contact more a comment from thelocalGAAclubpassingontheir lot ofinformation aboutaperson.For example, ifthere’s about that persononline. Those comments canreveal a dies. Then, many willpostcomments oftheirfriends mightof whenajournalist usethesite iswhensomeone place information aboutthemselves online. Anexample Facebook: aform ofsocialmediawhere thepubliccan came from. house asheleaves. That’s literally where theterm ‘doorstep’ going into morning, work oronthedoorstep thenext ofhis andcamera personinterceptreporter theChiefFire Officer fails to hold apress conference, soadoorstep iswhenthe had notbought equipment. thecorrect The ChiefFire Officer Union accuses theChiefFire ofnegligence becausehe Officer For example, two fire officers dieina fireandthe Brigade Fire also known asdefamation): defamation. See Libel (alsoknown issafe. ifthestory department Legalled: withthelegal theprocess ofchecking Lead: thetop story. opinion onthesubject. anddoesnotdisclosehis/her thefacts –reports a story remains thejournalist neutral when reporting Impartiality: clips ofaudio. and thenews reader/presenter, illustration meansusing Illustrated two-way: live discussionbetween areporter stories oftheday. story. radio, In thenews headlinesare usuallythe3main above inboldtype thebodyof summation ofthestory truncatedHeadline: inon-lineornewspapers, theshort News).called aSnap(Newsflash or Breaking –also read story whichtellsFlash: ofabreaking aone-line File: ormaterial to to sendinyour thenewsroom. story

iStock / Thinkstock.com 2 Glossary of Broadcast Journalism Terms North Down. North Antrimand in inNorth intheNorth-west, Underage Drinking days For onasimilarsubject. example, Young peopleand Feature are packages: usuallyrunonconsecutive reports, Package: asabove TV withpictures. seconds. incommercialITN). Aradio radio package isnotmore that 60’ tolonger thanawrap asmuch4mins(BBC/ andcanextend Package: avoiced withclipsofaudioandactuality. report It’s the news organisation. thebroadcastOutput: orprinted news material produced by in duration. seen withavoiceover andisusuallynomore thanten seconds OOV (outofvision):apiece of news are inwhichpictures TV investigation andNOT for publication orbroadcast. source andthat theinformation willbeusedto inform further source, agree that theinformation willnotbeattributed to the the record:Off aterm whereby andthe boththejournalist mini-wraps, andvoicers are packages usuallylonger. a reporter. For broadcasting, publicservice suchastheBBC, television amini-wrap would have andthevoice pictures of cue -thencopy- actuality-copy, voiced in upby areporter; Mini-wrap: for commercial radio, it’s a30secpiece with presenter ornews reader, whoisinthestudio. whoisatbetween thenews thescene reporter andthe Live two beingbroadcast way: asitishappening aninterview Summit inCounty Fermanagh, anelection. a hugefire,Belfast, abomb,rioting in theopeningofG8 ishappening.broadcasting For onairasthestory example: Live: doinga ‘live’, from at thescene, areporter isareport

iStock / Thinkstock.com iStock / Thinkstock.com Scoop/ Exclusive: that nocompetitor has. astory to respond to theallegations.opportunity afair ofreports ofreply: givingRight the subject listen to thenews coming up. television news. Alsousedon Twitter thepublicto to alert Promos: coming promotions uponradio or ofaninterview handling press enquiries. inanorganisationPress taskedwith Office: adepartment isavailable.them, especiallyifnoreporter broadcast. radio Both andtelevision news use journalists tapedbeforePre-recorded aninterview interview: itis Pics: photographs. onthephone. conducted Phoner: aninterview new jobs beingcreated. have ortheannouncement ofover beenkilled a hundred of theday, for exampleaplanecrash where several people Top sameastheleadstory, story: usuallythebiggeststory apiece ofinformation leadingto astory.Tip-off: therefore to stay listening for thefulldetailsofstory. up onabulletin,aimedto getpeopleinterested and Teasers: coming clipsofaudioorcopy aboutastory short Subbing: reducing thesize oftheoriginal written piece. Spiked isdeliberately ordropped notused.: thestory there isnoproof that theydid. Speculation: suggestionsthat someonedidsomethingbut Source: thepersonorpublication that tells you thestory. a Flash. –alsocalled story Snap: onelineofnews aboutabreaking SFX: soundeffects or music.

Hemera / Thinkstock.com 3 Glossary of Broadcast Journalism Terms court reporting. court their own voice –noactuality, justavoice. Used for often Voicer: thestory, recorded using by thejournalist/reporter continues. detailsreleased astheinvestigationfatalities and/orfurther traffic accident would includeinformation aboutinjuries/ aired story. For example, aboutaroad anupdate onastory Update: addedto apreviously anitem withadditionalfacts to respond. theycouldin Belfast, tweet thisquestionandaskthepublic clinicshouldbeallowed to open about whetheranabortion newsatcool. wanted ajournalist If views from thepublic For example, the Twitter account for Cool FM news is@ story. news, thepublicfor theirthoughts orasking onanews themto news coming up,public alerting orto breaking cansend journalists ‘tweets’ (pieces ofinformation) to the Twitter: aform ofsocialmediawhere anews room or presenter wrong.reporter/ gettingfacts are notrecommended, asitincreases thepotential ofthe wrong.danger ofgettingfacts Live unscripted two-ways cases,usually usedto broadcast where court there isthe prepared oftheinformation withscripts for each. They are -usuallypre-recorded and aboutthestory reporter Two-ways Wrap: alsocalledabulletinwrap : thejournalist’s voice is : an interview between thepresenter: aninterview and

© Twitter iStock / Thinkstock.com 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. audio –copy (thewrap isprepared before itgoesto air). the middle. For example, cue(read by news reader), copy – heard at thebeginning andendwithapiece ofaudioin about thesources ofourstories? As journalists, what dowe always have to consider does ‘offthe record’What mean? Why istheterm ‘alleged’ for reporters? important your answer. What doesbeingin ‘contempt mean?Explain ofcourt’ Why issocialmediaauseful tool for journalists? his/her career? What canmakein isthebiggestmistakeajournalist Questions 4