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Rosids and Asterids of the Herbarium-UFV of Federico

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Rosids and Asterids of the Herbarium-UFV of Federico ISSN Versión Impresa 1816-0719 ISSN Versión en linea 1994-9073 ISSN Versión CD ROM 1994-9081 The Biologist (Lima) ORIGINAL ARTICLE /ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL ROSIDS AND ASTERIDS OF THE HERBARIUM -UFV OF FEDERICO VILLARREAL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, LIMA, PERU RÓSIDAS Y ASTÉRIDAS DEL HERBARIO ¨UFV¨ DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL FEDERICO VILLARREAL, LIMA, PERÚ Geancarlo Alarcon, Cristel Flores1, Lilian Huarca, Maryam Paredes, Nelly Pizarro, Seid Romero, Aiko Vigo & Karen Ventura2 [email protected], [email protected] Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal de la Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. Av. Río Chepén s/n El Agustino, Lima, Perú. The Biologist (Lima), 2013, 11(1), jan-jun: 57-67. ABSTRACT We performed the collection management, database creation and an update to the APG III (2009) system for the specimens from the herbarium of the Federico Villarreal National University. We present 419 copies distributed in 22 orders, 53 families, 192 genera and 262 species, of which 10 species are endemic to Peru and are from the department of Lima. The family Asteraceae represents 25% of the species, herbs predominate with a 48%, 40 species have medicinal properties and most species were collected between 0-500 m. Keywords: Asteraceae, Asterids, Rosids, Scientific collection. RESUMEN Se realizó el manejo de la colección, creación de base de datos y actualización al sistema APG III (2009) a las muestras proporcionadas por el herbario de la Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. Se presentan 419 ejemplares distribuidos en 22 órdenes, 53 familias, 192 géneros y 262 especies, de las cuales 10 especies son endémicas para el Perú y pertenecen al departamento de Lima. La familia Asteraceae representa el 25% de las especies, las hierbas predominan con un 48%, 40 especies presentan propiedades medicinales y la mayoría de especies fueron colectadas entre los 0-500 m. Palabras clave: Asteraceae, Astéridas, herbario, Rósidas. INTRODUCCIÓN un sistema de clasificación (Bridson & Forman 1992). El herbario es una institución científica Son una fuente de información acerca de las formalmente constituida en donde se plantas y del medio en el que habitan y suponen conservan las colecciones de plantas secas, en sí mismos un registro permanente, previamente procesadas que abarca todos los almacena material de referencia, y facilita el grupos sistemáticos vegetales ordenados bajo uso por parte de los investigadores y cumple un 57 The Biologist (Lima). Vol. 11, Nº1, jan-jun 2013 Alarcón, G. et al. rol educativo en el ámbito académico La presente investigación tiene como objetivo (Rodríguez & Rojas 2006). dar a conocer a la comunidad científica el herbario de la Universidad Nacional Federico En el Perú, la creación del Herbario nace el Villarreal con énfasis en los clados Rósidas y primero de Abril del 1856, en el que a través de Astéridas. un decreto se ordena la realización de la clasificación de las colecciones minerales que MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS se encuentran en el Museo De Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Área de estudio Marcos; y la formación del herbario y El herbario se encuentra ubicada en el colección geológica del Perú (Cerrate 1969). Laboratorio de Ecofisiología Vegetal Nº502, Actualmente, el Herbarium Truxillense en el Anexo-16 de la Universidad Nacional (HUT), el Herbarium Arequipense (HUSA), el Federico Villarreal, en el distrito de El Herbario de la Selva Central-Oxapampa Agustino, departamento de Lima - Perú. (HOXA), el Herbario Vargas (CUZ) y el Herbario de la Universidad Nacional Agraria Manejo de herbario La Molina (MOL) se pueden mencionar como El material biológico fue proporcionado por la los principales herbarios dentro del territorio Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal peruano (Rodríguez & Rojas 2006). (UNFV), y provienen de las colectas realizadas en los departamentos de Lima, Piura, Junín, El herbario de la Universidad Nacional Ica, Ancash, Cuzco, San Martín, Huánuco y Federico Villarreal, pretende ser en el tiempo Pasco (Fig.1); de las tesis e investigaciones de un Herbario indexado, con un posible alumnos de los cursos de Botánica y acrónimo ¨UFV¨. Esta colección es un centro Fanerógamas de la Escuela Profesional de de referencia que alberga colecciones Biología; y de la donaciones del Herbario San botánicas desde el año 1996 como material Marcos (USM). Se elaboró una base de datos básico para el estudio de la sistemática y donde se registró el código de ingreso (Código campos afines, permitiendo adiestrar a los UFV) y de colector, la familia, género y alumnos en el manejo de colecciones nombre científico, el autor, nombre común, científicas. En un futuro permitirá hacer departamento, provincia, distrito, localidad, intercambios y tener donaciones de herbarios altitud (m), geolocalización (UTM PSAD56), peruanos e internacionales. fecha, lugar de recolección, suelo, hábito (Weberbauer 1945), color de flor, olor, látex, Los grupos con mayor cantidad de tamaño, usos, colectores y observaciones representantes dentro de la colección son los generales (Amaya 2007, Espinoza 2008). Los clados Rósidas y Astéridas. La importancia del ejemplares se encuentran ordenados estudio recae en que son los clados más alfabéticamente por familias. Se uniformizó el grandes dentro de las eudicotiledóneas (Soltis tamaño del folcote (Nº12) a una medida de 41 et al. 2011); y que, tomando como referencia a cm de largo por 27,5 cm de ancho, se elaboró la las dicotiledóneas (Cronquist 1988), podemos etiqueta y sello oficial del Herbario UFV y se comparar la cantidad de endemismos presentes descartó los ejemplares dañados por hongos, en éstas según León et al. (2006) que es del 76 insectos, etc., siguiendo el formato del % de todos los endemismos presentes en el Herbario USM (Cerrate 1969). También se Perú, además existen especies en ambos clados convirtió los datos georeferenciales (de que presentan valor económico, nutricional y coordenadas sexagesimales a unidades UTM) cultural. a través del portal SINFLAC (2012). 58 The Biologist (Lima). Vol. 11, Nº1, jan-jun 2013 Rosids and Asterids of the Herbarium Determinación taxonómica RESULTADOS La determinación taxonómica se realizó empleando descripciones especializadas, Se analizaron 419 ejemplares del herbario como la colección Flora of Perú MacBride UFV, los cuales se distribuyen en 22 órdenes, (1936-1971), Ferreyra (1980), Sagástegui & 53 familias, 192 géneros y 262 especies. Se Leiva (1993), Mostacero et al. (2002) y el encontraron diez especies endémicas para el herbario virtual Neotropical Herbarium Perú, pertenecientes a las familias Specimens (Hensold & Vriesendorp 2012). La Anacardiaceae, Aquifoliaceae, Begoniaceae, clasificación fue actualizada del sistema Boraginaceae, Cunoniaceae, Ericaceae, Cronquist (1981) al sistema Angiosperm Fabaceae, Gentianaceae, Malvaceae y Phylogeny Group III (APG III, 2009) con la Melastomataceae, de las cuales seis pertenecen ayuda de las últimas actualizaciones de The al clado Rósidas y cuatro al clado Astéridas. Plant List (The Plant List 2012). Las especies (Tablas 1 y 2). endémicas se determinaron con el Libro rojo de las plantas endémicas del Perú (León et al. Diecinueve ejemplares ingresaron al Herbario 2006). UFV como donación por parte del Herbario San Marcos (USM), entre ellos se encontraron dos especies endémicas (Ilex crassifolioides AM: Amazonas AN: Ancash AP: Apurímac AR: Arequipa AY: Ayacucho CA: Cajamarca CU: Cusco HV: Huancavelica HU: Huánuco IC: Ica JU: Junín LL: La Libertad LA: Lambayeque LI: Lima LO: Loreto MD: Madre de Dios MO: Moquegua PA: Pasco PI: Piura PU: Puno SM: San Martín TA: Tacna TU: Tumbes UC: Ucayali Figura 1. Procedencia en porcentaje de las especies de las Rósidas y Astéridas del herbario UFV. 59 The Biologist (Lima). Vol. 11, Nº1, jan-jun 2013 Alarcón, G. et al. Loes. (Aquifoliaceae) y Orthopterygium Las hierbas representan el 48% (126 especies), huaucui (A. Garay) Hemsl. (Anacardiaceae). los arbustos un 42% (110) y los árboles el 10% (26). Las muestras provienen principalmente del departamento de Lima con 186 ejemplares La mayor cantidad de especies colectadas se (44%) seguidos de Piura con 162 (39%) y registran entre los 0-500 msnm con 59; sin Junín con 46 (11%), otros departamentos embargo existen especies que se colectaron a suman en conjunto 25 ejemplares (7%) (Figura más de 4000 msnm (Figura 3). 1). Las especies del Herbario UFV presentan La familia con mayor número de especies diversos usos, de las cuales 40 especies son identificadas fueron Asteraceae (25%), medicinales, 33 son especies ornamentales, seguida de Solanaceae (6%) mientras que mientras que 13 especies son usadas en el Melastomataceae y Fabaceae presentan cada ámbito alimenticio e industrial (mueblería, uno (5%) (Figura 2). comercialización y leña) (Figura 4). Figura 2. Principales familias de Rósidas y Astéridas del herbario UFV. 60 The Biologist (Lima). Vol. 11, Nº1, jan-jun 2013 Rosids and Asterids of the Herbarium 70 N 60 E Ú 59 S 50 M P E E 40 R C 30 O 33 31 I 30 28 20 E 23 22 D 20 S 18 E 10 0 RANGO DE ALTITUD (msnm) Figura 3. Cantidad de especies de Rósidas y Astéridas del herbario UFV por altitud. 45 40 35 30 25 20 tidad de especies 15 Can 10 5 0 MEDICINAL ALIMENTICIO ORNAMENTAL INDUSTRIAL Usos Figura 4. Usos de las Rósidas y Astéridas del herbario UFV. 61 The Biologist (Lima). Vol. 11, Nº1, jan-jun 2013 Alarcón, G. et al. Tabla 1. Relación de Ordenes, familias, especies, tipo de hábito (Weberbauer, 1945) y uso pertenecientes al clado Rósidas - Herbario UFV. ORDEN FAMILIA ESPECIE HÁBITO USO OXALIDALES OXALIDACEAE Oxalis tuberosa Molina H 1 CUNONIACEAE Weinmannia microphylla Kunth S Weinmannia sp L. S MALPIGHIALES CLUSIACEAE Clusia elliptica Kunth S EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg. S M, O Euphorbia milii Des Moul. S O Acalypha sp L. H HYPERICACEAE Hypericum aciculare Kunth S I Hypericum struthiolifolium Juss. S Hypericum sp L. H PASSIFLORACEAE Passiflora tarminiana Coppens & V.E. S A, I Barney Passiflora sp L. S FABALES FABACEAE Senna sp Mill. S Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit S Spartium junceum L. S Inga feuilleei DC. T A Indigofera sp Durazz S Trifolium sp L.
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