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A Comparative Study of the Phenomenon of False Friends in SMG and CSG

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A Comparative Study of the Phenomenon of False Friends in SMG and CSG Universidad de Málaga Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Departamento de traducción, traductología e interpretación A comparative study of the phenomenon of false friends in SMG and CSG PhD thesis submitted by Constantinia Chatzopoulou Supervised by Pedro José Chamizo Domínguez AUTOR: Constantinia Chatzopoulou http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1617-4008 EDITA: Publicaciones y Divulgación Científica. Universidad de Málaga Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial- SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cualquier parte de esta obra se puede reproducir sin autorización pero con el reconocimiento y atribución de los autores. No se puede hacer uso comercial de la obra y no se puede alterar, transformar o hacer obras derivadas. Esta Tesis Doctoral está depositada en el Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (RIUMA): riuma.uma.es Intralinguistic false friends: A comparative study of the phenomenon of false friends in SMG and C(S)G Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................................... iv Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................................ General Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Standard Modern Greek and Cypriot (Standard) Greek ......................................................... 3 1.1. A short history of Cyprus and its linguistic variety ......................................................... 3 1.2. Clearing the terrain: (standard) language, dialect and linguistic variety ............... 4 1.3 Sociolinguistic situation ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Correlation of Standard Modern Greek and Cypriot (Standard) Greek ................ 12 1.4.1 Phonetics/Phonology. ...................................................................................................... 14 1.4.2 Morphology/Grammar. ................................................................................................... 17 1.4.3 Syntax. .................................................................................................................................... 20 1.4.4 Semantics/lexicon ............................................................................................................. 21 2. The phenomenon of false friends ................................................................................................... 23 2.1. A brief history of the phenomenon ...................................................................................... 23 2.2. Some basic notions ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.2.1 Terminology ......................................................................................................................... 25 2.2.2 Cognates, false friends and false cognates .............................................................. 28 2.2.3 Definition of false friends ............................................................................................... 30 2.2.4 Interlinguistic and intralinguistic false friends ..................................................... 37 2.2.5 False friends at all linguistic levels ............................................................................. 40 2.2.6 False friends and the problems they cause ............................................................. 42 2.3. How false friends are born ...................................................................................................... 48 2.3.1 Common ancestry .............................................................................................................. 49 2.3.2. Borrowing ............................................................................................................................. 49 2.3.2 Chance coincidence ........................................................................................................... 57 2.4. Criteria for choosing the false friends’ pairs .................................................................... 60 3. Categorization ........................................................................................................................................ 68 3.1 Categorization according to Venn diagrams .................................................................... 68 3.2 Introduction to categorization proposals ......................................................................... 74 3.3 Categorization proposals and etymological kinship ..................................................... 77 i 3.4 Total vs. partial and interlinguistic vs. intralinguistic false friends ........................ 79 3.5. Purely semantic false friends ................................................................................................. 81 3.6 Semantically divergent and typologically convergent false friends ....................... 81 3.6.1 Semantic divergence and phonetic convergence ................................................. 86 3.6.2 Semantic divergence and (ortho)graphic convergence ..................................... 88 3.6.3 Semantic divergence and morphological convergence ...................................... 89 3.6.4 Semantic and grammatical divergence ..................................................................... 89 3.6.5 Semantic and syntactic divergence ............................................................................ 90 3.6.6 Semantic divergence and phraseological convergence ..................................... 91 a) Idioms............................................................................................................................................... 91 b) Collocations ................................................................................................................................... 94 c) Phraseological units or phraseologisms ............................................................................ 96 3.6.7 Multiple differentiations (on more than one typological category) ............. 97 3.7 Pragmatic false friends.............................................................................................................. 98 a) Stylistic differences or restrictions / register differences ......................................... 99 b) Connotative nuances or additional connotative factors ............................................. 99 c) Contextual differences............................................................................................................ 100 d) Frequency differences ............................................................................................................ 100 e) Use or function differences .................................................................................................. 100 f) Cultural elements ..................................................................................................................... 100 3.8 Purely typological false friends .......................................................................................... 101 3.9 Disputed false friends’ categories...................................................................................... 103 4. Corpus-related issues ....................................................................................................................... 107 4.1 Dictionaries ................................................................................................................................. 107 4.2 Grammars .................................................................................................................................... 109 4.3 Graphic system .......................................................................................................................... 110 4.4 SMG and C(S)G in the educational system ..................................................................... 112 4.5 Corpus compilation ................................................................................................................. 115 4.6. Corpus presentation ................................................................................................................ 117 5. Corpus categorization and analysis ............................................................................................ 120 5.1 Purely semantic false friends .............................................................................................. 122 5.2 Semantically divergent and typologically convergent false friends .................... 199 5.2.1 Semantic divergence and phonetic convergence .............................................. 199 5.2.2 Semantic divergence and morphological convergence ................................... 238 5.2.3 Semantic and grammatical divergence .................................................................. 325 ii 5.2.4 Semantic and syntactic divergence ........................................................................
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