Journal of Botanic Gardens Conservation International

BGjournalVolume 2 • Number 2 • July 2005

PlantNetwork response to Target 8 of the GSPC South Africa’s National Botanical Gardens The Global Trees Campaign Forthcoming Meetings

July 18 - 23, 2005 October 23 - 25, 2005 November 12 - 14, 2005 VIENNA, AUSTRIA GLASNEVIN, IRELAND CIENFUEGOS, CUBA

XVII International Botanical Congress (IBC 2005) A Global Partnership for Plant Conservation – The Botanical Gardens in the conservation of the supporting national implementation of the GSPC vegetable biological diversity The International Botanical Congress is held every six years and provides a forum for the presentation The Global Partnership for Plant Conservation is This scientific event is being held at the Cienfuegos and discussion of the latest advances in plant organising an international conference to promote Botanical Garden, Cuba. It will include sessions on sciences worldwide. It follows the IBCXVI which and support national implementation of the CBD plant conservation in botanical gardens, herbaria was held in St Louis, Missouri, USA. in August, Global Strategy for Plant Conservation. The development, floristic taxonomy, phytogeography, 1999, which passed a resolution on the need for meeting will be hosted by the National Botanic the history of botany in Cuba, ecosystem and the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC). Gardens of Ireland, Glasnevin, Dublin and further protected areas management, environmental details can be found on www.plants2010.org education and community work in botanical For further information contact Prof. Dr Marianne gardens, the development of horticulture in botanical Popp, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, gardens, sustainable forest management, public Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria. October 29 – November 1, 2005 ornament and landscape and tourism and nature. Tel: +43-1-4277-54123, Fax: +43-1-4277-9541, HOBART, AUSTRALIA E-mail: [email protected] or botanik@ For further information contact Dr Lázaro J. Ojeda univie.ac.at, Internet: http://www.ibc2005.ac.at/ BGANZ Congress 2005 Quintana or Lic. Félix Pazos Sánchez, Jardín Botánico de Cienfuegos, Calle Central Nro. The 2005 BGANZ (Botanic Gardens of Australia 136, Pepito Tey, Cienfuegos, Cuba, CP: 59290. August 12 – 14, 2005 and New Zealand) Congress is being hosted by the Tel: +53 (43) 45334, 45326, CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens. Hobart. The E-mail: [email protected], Congress will explore the following theme: impacts E-mail: [email protected]. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network (NZPCN) and influence - the environmental potency of Conference 2005 botanic gardens and will include four streams: Restoring our threatened plant life – empowering environmental sustainability for botanic gardens, November 28 – 2, December 2, 2005 our community weeds and urban ecology, collections into the LIMBE, CAMEROON future and environmental education. Visit The NZPCN Conference will include a series of http://www.anbg.gov.au/chabg/ to read the online Plants and People for Sustainable Development in plant conservation workshops on subjects such as: Newsletter for the Botanic Gardens of Australia and Africa threatened plant propagation, cultural use of native New Zealand prepared by the Council of Heads of plants and fungi, how to implement the Global Australian Botanic Gardens (CHABG). Following on from the successful 1st African Strategy for Plant Conservation by 2010, enhancing Botanic Gardens Congress in Durban 2002, which plant diversity in the urban environment, developing To register online or for more information please saw the launch of the African Botanic Gardens a national ex situ strategy for threatened plants and visit: Internet: www.cdesign.com.au/bganz2005, Network, the 2nd African Botanic Gardens introduction to threatened and common fungi. Tel: +61 (03) 6224 3773, Congress will be held in Limbe Botanic Garden, For information visit the website at http://www.nzpcn. Fax: +61 (03) 6224 3774, Cameroon. The Congress will look at the role of org.nz/news_events/conference.asp. E-mail: [email protected]. botanic gardens in linking people and plants with sustainable development in Africa. For further details of the Congress, please visit August 22 – 26, 2005 October 30 - November, 5, 2005 www.bgci.org/africa or contact Limbe Botanic PETROZAVODSK, RUSSIA SAN IGNACIO, BELIZE Garden, P.O. Box 437, Limbe, Cameroon. Tel: +237 333 2620, Fax: +237 333 2834, Botanic Gardens in Life of the people 2nd Conference of Caribbean Botanic Gardens for E-mail: [email protected]. Conservation This meeting is being organised by the Karelian Caribbean Botanic Gardens: serving a diversity of Government in the the Petrozavodsk Botanic global, national and local communities June 19 - 25, 2006 Garden in cooperation with BGCI and the Council SANTO DOMINGO, DOMINICAN REPUBLIC of Botanic Gardens of Russia. For further This conference is being organised by the information contact Alexei Prokorov, Director, Caribbean Botanic Gardens for Conservation IX Congress of the Latin American Botanical Botanic Garden of Petrozavodsk University, Lenina (CBGC) Network & Belize Botanic Gardens in Society (IX Congreso Latinoamericano de Botánica) Av., 33 Petrozavodsk, 185910 Karelia, Russia. collaboration with the Association of Latin Contribuyendo al conocimiento global de la flora Tel: +7 8 142 784948, Fax: +7 8142 711000, American and Caribbean Botanic Gardens (ALCJB) nativa latinoamericana (Contributing to the global E-mail: a;[email protected]. [email protected], and Botanic Gardens Conservation International knowledge of the native flora of Latin America) Internet: http://hortus.karelia.ru/ (BGCI). Further information can be obtained from the website: http://www.bgci.org/caribbean. The objectives of this Congress are to spread information about the flora of Latin America and September 26 - October 1, 2005 bring together the botanical community to develop ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA November 9 – 12, 2005 plans for the conservation and sustainable use of OAXACA, MEXICO its flora. National Conference of the Australian Network for Plant Conservation (ANPC) First DIVERSITAS Open Science Conference (OSC) For further information, please contact Sonia Plant Conservation; the Challenges of Change on Biodiversity Lagos-Witte, President Asociación Latinoamericano Integrating biodiversity science for human well- de Botánica - ALB and Coordinator, IX Congreso The ANPC and the South Australian Department of being Latinoamericano de Botánica, Jardín Botánico Environment and Heritage are organising this Nacional, Apartado Postal 21-9, Santo Domingo, conference for discussions on the challenges that This conference, DIVERSITAS: OSC1 offers an Dominican Republic. Tel: +1 809 385 2611/2612, currently face everyone in plant conservation, such opportunity to explore recent advances and probe Fax: +1 809 385 0446, as the challenges of changing climates, changing pressing issues across the breadth of biodiversity E-mail: [email protected], environmental conditions, changes in government science. For general enquiries about DIVERSITAS: Internet: http://www.botanica-alb.org and policy focus, or confronting scientific OSC1, please contact the DIVERSITAS Secretariat, information. The Conference will be held at the DIVERSITAS, 51, bd Montmorency, 75016 Paris, National Wine Centre, in the environs of the France. Tel: +33 1 45 25 95 25, Adelaide Botanic Gardens. For further information Fax: +33 1 42 88 94 31, visit http://www.plevin.com.au/anpc2005/index.htm E-mail: [email protected], Internet: http://www.diversitas-osc1.org/ Contents

02 Editorial Editor: Etelka Leadlay Co-editors: Suzanne Sharrock and Chris Hobson 03 The BGCI contribution to the implementation of the Global Cover Photo: Flowering tree in Parque Internacional Strategy for Plant Conservation La Amistad, Costa Rica (Photo: Juan Pablo Moreiras/FFI) (see article on the Global Trees Campaign)

Design: John Morgan, Seascape 08 Developing a PlantNetwork response to Target 8 of the E-mail: [email protected] Global Strategy for Plant Conservation Submissions for the next issue should reach the editor before 20th October, 2005. We would be very grateful for text on diskette or via e-mail, as well as a hard copy. 09 National Botanical Gardens: embassies of South Africa’s Please send photographs as original slides or prints unless scanned to a very high resolution (300 biodiversity and culture pixels/inch and 100mm in width); digital images need to be of a high resolution for printing. If you would like further information, please request Notes for authors. 13 A global initiative to conserve crop wild relatives in situ BGjournal is published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). It is published twice a year and is sent to all BGCI members. Membership is open to all 16 Conservation collections at Meadowlark Botanical Gardens, interested individuals, institutions and organisations that support the aims of BGCI (see page 32 for Membership USA: supporting the International Agenda through education application form) and conservation Further details available from: • Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3BW 18 REDBAG: the Spanish Network of genebanks for wild plants UK. Tel: +44 (0)20 8332 5953, Fax: +44 (0)20 8332 5956 E-mail: [email protected], www.bgci.org • BGCI-Russia, c/o Main Botanical Gardens, Botanicheskaya st., 4, Moscow 127276, Russia. 21 Saving trees around the world: the Global Trees Campaign Tel: +7 (095) 219 6160 / 5377, Fax: +7 (095) 218 0525, E-mail: seed@aha.ru, www.bgci.ru • BGCI (U.S.) Inc., c/o Dan Shepherd, Director, 24 The ex situ conservation of Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 11225-1099, U.S.A. Tel: +1 718 623 7200, in Nanyue Arboretum, Hunan Province, China Fax: +1 718 857 2430, E-mail: [email protected] www.bgci.org/us • BGCI-Netherlands, c/o Utrecht University Botanic 26 The Arboretum at The Barnes Foundation USA: an exquisite Gardens, P.O. Box 80162, NL-3508 TD, Netherlands. Tel: +31 30 253 2876, Fax: +31 30 253 5177, piece of nature and a professional training center for E-mail: [email protected], www.bi.uu.nl/botgard horticulturists • BGCI-Canarias, c/o Jardín Botánico Canario Viera y Clavijo, Apartado de Correos 14, Tafira Alta 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain. 28 Short Communications Tel: +34 928 21 95 80/82/83, Fax: +34 928 21 95 81, E-mail: [email protected] • BGCI – China and South East Asia, c/o Registry, Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 30 Book Notices 259569. E-mail: Bian.Tan @bgci.org, [email protected], www.bgci.org/china • BGCI-Colombia , c/o Jardín Botánico de Bogotá, 32 How to join Botanic Gardens Conservation International Jose Celestino Mutis, Av. No. 61-13 – A.A. 59887, Santa Fe de Bogotá, D.C., Colombia. Tel: +57 630 0949, Fax: +57 630 5075, E-mail: [email protected], Publications List and Order Form www.humboldt.org.co/jardinesdecolombia/ html/la_red.htm • BGCI-Deutschland, c/o Botanischer Gärten der Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 171, 53115 Bonn, Germany. Tel: +49 2 2873 9055, Fax: +49 2 28731690, E-mail: [email protected]

BGCI is a worldwide membership organization established in 1987. Its mission is to build a global network for plant conservation. BGCI is an independent organization registered in the United Kingdom as a charity (Charity Reg No 1098834) and a company limited by guarantee, No 4673175. BGCI is a tax-exempt (501(c)(3) non-profit 13 21 organization in the USA and in Russia.

Opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the Boards or staff of BGCI or of its members

BGjournal replaces BGCNews and is published twice a year. BGjournal has been given a new name as the news section of BGCNews and Roots (Botanic Gardens Conservation International Education Review) is now contained in Cuttings which is published quarterly. There are 31 issues of BGCNews published twice yearly from 1987-2003. 09

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 01 Editorial

The CBD Global Strategy for Plant topics covered by the articles in this Conservation (GSPC) provides a issue. The major importance of botanic unique opportunity to address the huge gardens in conserving plants in areas problems of plant extinction around the of high biodiversity and threat is world. With its broad political highlighted in the articles on South acceptance, clear and ambitious Africa and Spain. The National Botanic targets, strong support from key Gardens of South Africa, for example, year survey that I led at UNEP World organisations and opportunities for already hold 17 per cent of the Conservation Monitoring Centre on the involvement at all levels, the Strategy is country’s threatened plant species. global conservation status of trees. well-placed for success. BGCI and its Their target, in line with Target 8 of the Undertaken in partnership with the Botanic Garden members are playing a GSPC, is to ensure that 90 percent of IUCN Species Survival Commission crucial role in promoting, supporting Critically Endangered species are and based on information from over and implementing the Strategy and this included in collections within the next 300 botanists and foresters, for the first is one of the reasons I am delighted to five years. The National Botanic time the survey revealed that at least join BGCI as Secretary General. Gardens are working with the 10 percent of the world’s tree species Millennium Seed Bank at the Royal were threatened with extinction. The GSPC complements and Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK to reach reinforces the International Agenda for this target. The Gardens are also I hope that the successful collaboration Botanic Gardens in Conservation. This directly contributing to in situ plant between Botanic Gardens and issue of BGjournal focuses on the conservation within natural areas of Arboreta and the Global Trees ways that BGCI and its members are their grounds and are working closely Campaign will continue to grow and taking action to implement the with the Botanical Society of South that similar conservation alliances will International Agenda and support the Africa to support plant conservation in be formed for other groups of plants. targets of the GSPC. We can only the wild. The value of the Global Partnership for highlight a selection of the many Plant Conservation, supported by examples of innovative and imaginative Through networking and partnerships BGCI, will be to encourage and foster conservation approaches currently at all levels, Botanic Gardens are in a such conservation partnerships. underway but hope that these will strong position to ensure the long-term interest and inspire you! I am deeply conservation of plant species and to The challenge set by the GSPC impressed by the level of commitment contribute to sustainable development. remains huge but everyone can be to plant conservation shown by the The article on the Global Trees involved in making the Strategy a botanic gardens and arboreta that I Campaign highlights some of the ways success. Every conservation action have visited and worked with over the that Botanic Gardens and Arboreta are large or small is a worthwhile years – as a network we will continue working with Fauna & Flora contribution. I greatly look forward to to share and expand our successful International (FFI) to secure the working with all members of BGCI to conservation experiences. conservation of trees around the world. facilitate, promote, and implement the When I joined FFI in 1998 one of my Strategy and our Agenda for In situ and ex situ plant conservation, main tasks was to develop and direct conserving Plants for the Planet. promoting the cultural values of plants, the Global Trees Campaign. This was networking, training, education and established in response to the Sara Oldfield capacity building are some of the publication of the results of a three 18th May, 2005

02 BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) Authors: Etelka Leadlay, Suzanne Sharrock, Stella Simiyu

The BGCI contribution to the implementation of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

The Global Strategy for Plant implementation of the GSPC has been continue to contribute to the Conservation (GSPC) was adopted at generously provided by HSBC, through implementation of the Strategy. the sixth Conference of the Parties the Investing in Nature partnership. The meeting also invited other (COP6) to the Convention on Biological Investing in Nature is a US$50 million, organisations to join the Partnership, Diversity (CBD) held at The Hague, The five year environmental partnership and encouraged BGCI to continue its Netherlands in April, 2002 in Decision funded by HSBC, working with BGCI, support for the partnership. VI/9 (CBD, 2003). Earthwatch and WWF. For more information, visit www.hsbc.com/ The GPPC was launched at a side The history of Botanic Garden investinginnature. event organised by BGCI on 13th Conservation International’s (BGCI) February, 2004 at the COP7. The aim contribution to the development of the Similarly, BGCI collaborated with the of the Partnership, as elaborated in a GSPC until its adoption by COP6 has CBD Secretariat to convene two Expert statement released at the launch is: been reviewed by Peter Wyse Jackson Group meetings. The first (Liaison ‘To provide a framework to facilitate (2002). This paper describes BGCI’s group meeting) was held at the Jardín harmony between existing initiatives continued contribution to developing, Botánico “Guillermo Pineres”, aimed at plant conservation, identify promoting and implementing the Cartagena, Colombia, in October 2002 gaps where new initiatives are required, Strategy at global and national levels and the second meeting (Expert and promote mobilization of the and its support for such work in meeting) was held in Co. Kerry, Ireland necessary resources’. botanic gardens and related in October 2003. The meetings were institutions. held to review the development of sub- In response to CBD Decision VII/10, targets, milestones and indicators for BGCI agreed to continue to support Global each of the 16 targets included in the the Partnership over the coming GSPC, and elaborate baseline data period, by providing the Secretariat In February 2003, a Memorandum of available and necessary for monitoring. and its Interim Chairman (Peter Wyse Understanding (MOU) was signed Jackson, former Secretary General, between the Secretariat to the One of the key recommendations from BGCI) in close cooperation with the Convention on Biological Diversity these meetings was the establishment GSPC Programme Officer. (SCBD) and BGCI, thus formalising of the Global Partnership for Plant BGCI’s contribution to the Conservation (GPPC), open to all An initial ad hoc meeting of implementation of the Strategy. organisations which would contribute representatives of Partnership member The aim of the MOU is to promote the to the implementation of the Strategy. organisations was convened by BGCI further development, implementation in May, 2004, at the Royal Botanic and monitoring of the GSPC. The Global Partnership for Plant Gardens, Kew, UK. The purpose was Conservation to review the ways and means of In the spirit of the MOU, BGCI supporting the national implementation seconded a member of staff, Ms Stella The 7th meeting of the Conference of of the GSPC by the Partnership, and Simiyu, based in Nairobi, to the CBD the Parties (COP7) to the CBD review existing and suggesting new Secretariat to act as GSPC Programme welcomed the establishment of the global level enabling activities. Officer with effect from 1st August, Global Partnership for Plant Recommendations were made for 2003. Financial support for this Conservation (GPPC) and encouraged potential initiatives. A follow up position and BGCI’s involvement in the the participating organisations to meeting, again convened by the

BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 03-07 03 Partnership Secretariat, BGCI, was e-mail to the gardens concerned and The meeting recommended a separate recently hosted by FAO (Food and the gardens receiving the message can consultation and BGCI volunteered to Agriculture Organization of the United decide whether or not to respond. carry out this process as this target Nations) in Rome. The meeting This means that gardens can add their was closely linked to its own mission discussed among other matters, the plant collection details to the database at a global level. BGCI was invited to organisation of an international in the knowledge that they will not be help facilitate a stakeholder conference on the GSPC due to be putting confidential information about consultation, involving expertise in held in October, 2005 in Dublin, Ireland the location of rare plants in the public communication, education and public under the auspices of the Partnership. domain. awareness in relation to plant conservation. Plans for the Partnership are being BGCI is adapting their 1992 BGCI developed and will be available on the Propagation database for PlantNetwork A consultation document on Target 14 Global Partnership for Plant (The Plant Collections Network of of the GSPC was produced and Conservation website Britain and Ireland) for endangered distributed in January, 2004 to a wide (www.plants2010.org) which is British and Irish plants (Jebb, 2004). number of organisations including maintained by BGCI. The Cultivation and Propagation BGCI members, the American Database Project being developed by Association of Botanical Gardens and Ex situ conservation Target 8 PlantNetwork will be linked to the Plant Arboreta (AABGA), Plantlife Search Database; this database will International, IUCN Commission on Target 8 of the GSPC is: 60 per cent of help to promote the link to in situ Education and Communication, United threatened plant species in accessible conservation and monitor the Nations Environment Programme ex situ collections, preferably in the achievement of the second part of (UNEP), WWF, Earthwatch, CBD country of origin, and 10 per cent of Target 8: 10 per cent of them Secretariat and the U.K Department for them included in recovery and [threatened plant species] included in Environment, Food and Rural Affairs restoration programmes. recovery and restoration programmes. (Defra). There is also a reintroduction database BGCI, together with the International module under development. In March, 2004, BGCI staff participated Plant Genetic Resources Institute in a meeting organised by the Botanic (IPGRI) were requested by the CBD Ex situ conservation Gardens Education Network (BGEN) in Secretariat to facilitate stakeholder BGCI is supporting many in country ex London, UK to respond to the consultations to review the scope, situ projects which contribute to the consultation paper. In April, 2004, terminology, base-line information, achievement of Target 8 in Africa, BGCI held a workshop on Target 14 technical and scientific rationale of Argentina, Brazil, Indonesia, India, at the 2nd World Botanic Gardens Target 8 (Anon, 2003). Further, BGCI China, Mexico and Russia through the Congress in Barcelona, Spain. and IPGRI organised a stakeholder HSBC Investing in Nature Programme Comments from the workshop have consultation meeting on Target 8 in (see examples in the box: BGCI been useful in developing the next July, 2003 at the National Botanic supporting local initiatives to stages of the consultation process. Garden, Brussels, Belgium (Wyse implement the GSPC). Jackson et al., 2003). BGCI education staff have held Education and public awareness workshops and given many Plant Search Database Target 14 presentations on the GSPC and the To monitor the achievement of Target importance of Target 14 over the last 8, BGCI has developed a Plant Search Target 14: The importance of plant year to botanic garden and zoo Database to provide a record of taxa in diversity and the need for its educators in UK, Germany, Hong living collections. This database was conservation incorporated into Kong, Russia and Canada. launched on BGCI’s website communication, educational and (www.bgci.org) in 2003. By March public-awareness programmes. BGCI, botanic gardens and other 2005, the database held 125,961 taxa, botanical organisations have of which 8,816 are known to be rare Initially, the CBD Secretariat did not contributed to an important reference and threatened. The plant records are invite institutions to facilitate book, Plant, the international version of linked to three databases – the 1997 stakeholder consultations on this target which was published this year and 2004 IUCN Red Lists of threatened as it was considered a cross cutting (Marinelli, 2005). This valuable plant species, the International Plant target together with Targets 3, 15 and reference book will contribute to the Names Index (IPNI) and Google’s 16; these targets were expected to be public understanding of the image service which finds pictures on considered by the consultations on relationship between plants and the the web. The ability to cross reference each of the other targets. However the environment from a horticultural the species with current red list data Expert meeting held in Ireland on perspective. shows which threatened species are in reviewing the progress in stakeholder cultivation and which need to be consultations recognised that this was The Education Department of BGCI conserved. A user is able to identify a an important target and was not likely has developed a series of informative taxon in cultivation but not where it is to be adequately considered as a cross and thought-provoking pages on the being held; the user can send a ‘blind’ cutting target. BGCI website within the education

04 BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) section to look at how education feeds et al.). BGCI collaborated with the Plant Conservation through a into and contributes to the GSPC Ministry of Environment and Natural committee made up of four partner (http://www.bgci.org/education/index. Resources of The Seychelles and a organisations: BGCI (U.S.), CBCN html). local NGO, the Plant Conservation (Canadian Botanical Conservation Action Group (PCA) to plan a response Network), CPC (Center for Plant Promotion: communication and by The Seychelles to the GSPC at a Conservation) and the AABGA. BGCI raising awareness two-day workshop in March, 2004 staff from the UK contributed to the (Beaver et al., 2005). first meeting in Atlanta, Georgia In May, 2003, a colour brochure of the (January, 2004). Subsequently, a work GSPC in English was produced and The GSPC and botanic gardens plan was devised and discussed at the published by the Secretariat of the 2nd World Botanic Gardens Congress Convention in association with BGCI BGCI is developing, promoting and by representatives from US gardens. and supported by HSBC through the supporting the implementation of the HSBC’s Investing in Nature Programme Investing in Nature partnership (CBD, GSPC through the botanic garden sponsored a round table meeting 2003). A large print-run of 40,000 community. This also supports the (October, 2004) to review a document copies of the brochure1 was made to cross-cutting Targets 15 (The number which had been revised at the annual enable a wide distribution. BGCI has of trained people working with AABGA meeting in Dallas (June, 2004) sent copies to over 2,200 botanic appropriate facilities in plant and another meeting of the partners gardens worldwide. By the end conservation increased, according to was held in March, 2005 to review the December, 2004, 15,730 brochures had national needs, to achieve the targets final draft which consists of 19 clear been distributed. Several language of this Strategy) and Target 16 outcome-orientated targets. The versions of the GSPC brochure have (Networks for plant conservation review process included the circulation been prepared (Chinese, Russian and activities established or strengthened at of the document to hundreds of Spanish and a pdf version in French); national, regional and international members of the botanic garden the Chinese and Russian versions levels). Examples of BGCI supporting community. through the Investing in Nature local initiatives to implement the Partnership. BGCI produced a CD- Targets of the GSPC through the References Rom, Plants for the Planet (BGCI, botanic garden community can be 2004) which included the text of the seen in the Box: BGCI supporting local ➡ Anon., 2003. Global Strategy for GSPC in four languages (English, initiatives to implement the GSPC Plant Conservation: Target 8. French, Russian and Chinese). BGCNews 3(10): 30-32. An important outcome of the 2nd [http://www.plants2010.org/targets/ In addition to the website for the World Botanic Gardens Congress was target8.html] Global Partnership for Plant the development of the 2010 Targets Conservation at http://www.plants for Botanic Gardens; these are a series ➡ Beaver, K, Matatiken, D., Dogley, D. 2010.org, BGCI has developed a of 20 targets for botanic gardens to be & Kueffer, C, 2005. The challenge variety of web-based resources related achieved by 2010, to help measure the of GSPC – how a small tropical to various targets of the Strategy achievement of the objectives of the island state is responding. (www.bgci.org). BGCI also publicises International Agenda for Botanic BGjournal 2(1): 5-6. the progress of the GSPC in its serial Gardens in Conservation (Wyse [http://www.geobot.umnw.ethz.ch/st publications, BGjournal, Roots and Jackson & Sutherland, 2000) and as a aff/keufferfor download copies of Cuttings and on its website at contribution towards the GSPC (Wyse the PCA newsletter Kapisen] www.bgci.org. Jackson, 2004). ➡ CBD, 2003. Global Strategy for BGCI staff have made presentations on The GSPC Targets and the 2010 Targets Plant Conservation (GSPC) the GSPC at national and international for Botanic Gardens have provided a Secretariat of the Convention on meetings and facilitated workshops for framework for the development of Biological Diversity the development of strategies to botanic garden targets and strategies at [http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/ implement the GSPC at national level national levels. For example BGCI staff cross-cutting/plant/default.asp, and through botanic gardens. contributed to the development of the 2005; See also 2005, www.bgci.org/ draft Strategic Framework and Action conservation/strategy.html] BGCI and national responses Plan for the African Botanic Gardens to the GSPC Network (ABGN) which were aligned ➡ Cheffings,C., Harper, M. & Jackson, with the GSPC which was an outcome A., 2004. Plant Diversity Challenge - BGCI staff have given presentations of the African Botanic Garden Congress The UK’s response to the Global and contributed to workshops on – Partnerships and linkages in Durban, Strategy for Plant Conservation. developing national responses to the South Africa (November, 2002) (Willis et JNCC, Plantlife & RBG, Kew GSPC. For instance, BGCI staff were al., 2002). involved with the development of The ➡ Jebb, Matthew, 2004. Cultivation Plant Diversity Challenge, the UK’s BGCI (U.S.) has taken the lead in and Propagation Database. response to the GSPC which was facilitating the development of a North PlantNetwork Newsletter 26:11. published in February, 2004 (Cheffings American Botanic Garden Strategy for

1 Copies are available from the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, World Trade Centre, 393 St. Jacques, Suite 300, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2Y 1N9. Tel: +1 (514) 288-2220; Fax: +1 (514) 288 6588; BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 05 E-mail: [email protected]; website: http://www.biodiv.org, or from BGCI. ➡ Marinelli, J., 2005. Plant. DK ➡ Wyse Jackson, P., 2002. ➡ Wyse Jackson, P., Gibbs, D. & Publishing, New York. Development and adoption of the Dulloo, E., 2003. Global Strategy Global Strategy for Plant for Plant Conservation: Target 8. ➡ Sharrock, S., 2004. Databases and Conservation by the Convention on BGCNews 4(1): 27-30. local action: Progress from BGCI on Biological Diversity: an NGO’s ex situ conservation Plant Talk 38: perspective. BGCNews 3(8): 25-32. Etelka Leadlay, Suzanne Sharrock 34-35 [http://www.bgci.org/conservation/d and Stella Simiyu evelopment_global_strategy_plant_c BGCI, Descanso House ➡ Simiyu, S. & Wyse Jackson, P., onservation.html] 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, 2003. Progress during 2003 in the TW9 3BW, UK implementation of the Global ➡ Wyse Jackson, P. 2004. Developing Tel: +44 (0)20 8332 5953 Strategy for Plant Conservation. international targets for botanic Fax: +44 (0)20 8832 5956 BGCNews 4(1): 4-5. gardens in conservation: a E-mail: [email protected], consultation document. BGjournal [email protected] and ➡ Willis, C.K., Owusu-Afriyie, G. & 1(1): 4-6 [email protected] Dalzell, C., 2002. Launch of the Internet: http://www.bgci.org African Botanic Gardens Network ➡ Wyse Jackson, P.S. & Sutherland, BGCNews 3(9): 35-38. L.A., 2000. International Agenda for Botanic Gardens in Conservation. BGCI, London, U.K.

Right: Planting BGCI supporting local in the initiatives to implement the arboretum of GSPC the Coimbatore Zoological Park and Through the Investing in Nature Conservation Programme 42 small grants have Centre, Tamil been awarded for plant conservation Nadu in botanic gardens in Africa (5), Argentina (4), Brazil (9), India (21) and Russia (3). All these projects support several GSPC Targets. Examples from completed projects are given below from India and Brazil.

India

Auroville Botanical Gardens, Tamil Nadu has upgraded the infrastructure at the garden’s nursery to increase capacity for seedling production of Tropical Dry Evergreen The Coimbatore Zoological Park and also organised an awareness Forest (TDEF) plant species of South Conservation Centre (CZPCC), Tamil workshop on biodiversity India. The Botanic Garden has Nadu is establishing an arboretum of conservation for school students, propagated and multiplied a total of 100 endemic and endangered plants of teachers and parents in April 2004. 3,607 accessions of the 17 TDEF the Nilgiri Biospere Reserve (NBR). species at Auroville nursery. CZPCC has undertaken extensive field The Community Agrobiodiversity trips in several localities of the NBR Centre (CABC) MS Swaminathan Right: Orchid and have introduced six endemic Research Foundation at Wayanad, House at the species to the arboretum (Arenga Kerala has made significant initiatives Auroville wightii, Diospyros bourdilloni, Vepris in the collection, propagation and Botanical bilocularis, Entada rheedii, Decalepis management of seven rare, Gardens, Tamil hamiltonii, Elaeocarpus tuberculatus). endangered and threatened and Nadu About 30 living plants were raised from important species identified for the these collections and maintained at the project. A total of 62 living arboretum site. CZPCC, in association collections of seven species with the Centre for Environment, Tiripur (Aristolochia tagala, Dioscorea

06 BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) Far left: MS Swaminathan Research Foundation at Wayanad, Kerala

Left: Pilosocereus pachycladus The team also established excellent (Photo: relationships with local organisations F.M.Fernandes) and collected data on the socio- cultural and environmental aspects of the region. A number of schools and community groups were involved and education materials on the project were developed for the local population.

As part of the project the hamiltoni, Dendrobium aqueum, Brazil greenhouse at the botanic garden Embelia ribes, Ipsea malabarica, has been redeveloped and is now Ochlandra travancorica, Sarcostigma The Belo Horizonte Zoo-Botanic home to an outstanding educational kleinii) were collected. Propagation Foundation, Minas Gerais has carried exhibit aimed at raising awareness of and multiplication through vegetative out surveys of six Caatinga habitats. the social and cultural importance of methods and seed germination were The Caatinga is a unique habitat which the unique Caatinga plants, the carried out for Aristolochia tagala, covers 10% of Brazil and is people they support and the threats Dioscorea hamiltoni and Ochlandra characterised by its semi-arid climate they face. Around 100,000 visitors travancorica. CABC is planning for and thorn forest. Unfortunately it is per year are expected to visit the mass multiplication of Ipsea becoming increasingly degraded and new glasshouse. malabarica and Dendrobium aqueum threatened due to extensive cattle in collaboration with the Kerala rearing and charcoal production. Many Left: Barriguda Forest Research Institute (KFRI) for of the endemic species of this region (Ceiba reintroduction into local habitats. are now considered endangered. ventricosa), a CABC has also established a species of the partnership with the Gram As a result of the project, 187 Caatinga in the Panchayats in Wayanad through the specimens of Caatinga flora are now dry season (left) State Planning Board for preparation cultivated in the glasshouses and and in flower of a Plant Biodiversity Register which thematic gardens of the botanic (bottom left) includes the ten target species garden. Of these 24 are species of (Photo: identified for the IiN-India small cacti considered of particular F.M.Fernandes) grants project. CABC has also importance for conservation. formed a Biodiversity Conservation Herbarium samples were prepared of Group in Wayanad District for linking 339 species, and fruits and seeds of 86 Mid left: Seeds their project programme with the species have been added to the of Amburana people, elected bodies and carpological collection. These samples cearensis government organisations. have already proved of great (Photo: Inês educational value and have been used Ribeiro) in the production of seeds and fruit kits for use by local schools. Far left: Inauguration of the Caatinga Greenhouse at the Belo Horizonte Zoo- Botanic Foundation (Photo: F.M.Fernandes)

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 07 Developing a PlantNetwork response to Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation

Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant PlantNetwork Target 3: Cultivation and PlantNetwork Target 7: Build the Conservation aims to secure 60 per cent of propagation protocols available for all capacity required in PlantNetwork threatened plant species in accessible ex threatened plant species member institutions to achieve the situ collections, preferably in the country of PlantNetwork targets for Target 8 of origin, and 10% of them included in Sub-targets the Global Strategy for Plant recovery and restoration programmes. 3a: On-line database of cultivation and Conservation propagation protocols launched by end At a meeting of PlantNetwork: the Plant of 2006. Sub-targets Collections Network of Britain & Ireland, on 3b: Duplication of effort minimised through 7a: Side-by-side living collections of critical 6–7th April 2005 at the National Botanic the collation and dissemination of native species developed in Gardens, Glasnevin, Ireland, eight targets available datasets. PlantNetwork member institutions, with were elaborated for botanical collections in at least one such collection in each Ireland and Britain to develop a co- PlantNetwork Target 4: Participate in region (England, Scotland, Wales, ordinated response to support efforts to species recovery or management Ireland). meet the 2010 target. programmes with partners 7b: Expertise in native plant taxonomy available and accessible in 50% of In particular the role of ex situ collections in Sub-target PlantNetwork member institutions. serving the broader remit of plant 4a: 100% of UKBAP & Irish Priority Species conservation through public awareness, included in recovery programmes. PlantNetwork Target 8: Best practice building and sharing cultivation expertise, achieved in the implementation of collaborating with in situ conservation PlantNetwork Target 5: Develop actions needed to meet the targets of programmes, and in lobbying at complementary collections of the Global Strategy for Plant governmental level were all seen as vital threatened bryophytes in cultivation Conservation elements that plant collections and their staff can bring to conservation work in Sub-target Sub-targets these islands. The meeting included 5a: A PlantNetwork Conference organised 8a: Website established to disseminate representatives of 53 institutions in Britain with the British Bryological Society protocols and best-practice information, and Ireland. (BBS) on how horticulture and botanical and to highlight gaps, as a clearing- collections can contribute to bryophyte house mechanism. Targets conservation. 8b: Available guidelines for the collection, acquisition and maintenance of genetic The following eight targets were adopted to PlantNetwork Target 6: Public and diversity of ex situ material applied and, be achieved by 2010: political awareness raised of native where necessary, developed, for the flora and the need for its conservation management of collections. PlantNetwork Target 1: 100% of 8c: PlantNetwork member institutions to critically endangered vascular plant Sub-targets have accessible, effective and species in managed ex situ collections 6a: 25% of PlantNetwork gardens working comprehensive documentation systems with appropriate partners or community for their native plant collections. Sub-targets groups to develop public-awareness 1a: PlantNetwork Gardens involved in every programmes for plant conservation. For further information please contact: Right: appropriate national, regional or local 6b: Positive stories on plant conservation Matthew Jebb Polystichum Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) or Irish promoted in the media, with articles in Chairman PlantNetwork lonchitis - Holly Priority Species conservation all major horticultural-news journals by Curator of the Herbarium Fern programme. 2007. National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, This species is 1b: Species in the Extinct in the Wild (EW) 6c: A 20% increase in public understanding Dublin 9, Ireland. Tel: +3531 804 0329 Vulnerable. category secured in no fewer than two of need for conservation of native plants Fax: +3531 836 0080 Small living collections. needs achieved. E-mail: [email protected] populations 1c: Species in the Endangered (E) category, 6d: Coherent shared themes for plant exist in Wales with high rates of decline, secured in no conservation developed and and the Lake fewer than two living collections. implemented throughout PlantNetwork District; it is gardens, including the production of more frequent PlantNetwork Target 2: Genetically framework documents to assist with in the Scottish representative conservation individual education projects. uplands and collections established for all vascular 6e: 50% of PlantNetwork member western plant species with small, limited or institutions participating in International Scotland rapidly declining extant populations Biodiversity Day (22 May) every year.

08 BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 08 Author: Christopher K. Willis

National Botanical Gardens: embassies of South Africa’s biodiversity and culture

Above: Map showing the Introduction location of South Africa’s South Africa has a network of eight eight national National Botanical Gardens (NBGs) botanical managed by the South African gardens (drawn National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI). by Linette This was previously the National Ferreira) Botanical Institute or NBI which from 1 September 2004, with the Left: Tranquil promulgation of South Africa’s new scenes in the National Environmental Management: Harold Porter Biodiversity Act 2004, the NBI became NBG (Photo: SANBI, a parastatal organisation under Hans the national Department of Heilgendorff) Environmental Affairs and Tourism. The focus of the NBGs is growing and conserving South Africa’s indigenous plants and together conserve over 1,350 ha of natural vegetation and associated biodiversity within their mediterranean climates (Kirstenbosch biome not represented is the Desert boundaries and promoting and raising and Harold Porter NBG) to semi-arid Biome, represented in Namibia almost environmental awareness at home and climates (the Karoo Desert NBG) and exclusively by the Namib Desert. abroad. The botanical gardens are from summer rainfall subtropical and Further, Kirstenbosch NBG was centres of excellence for plants; they tropical climates (Lowveld and KwaZulu- entrusted in 1957 with the provide information, professional skills Natal NBG) to South Africa’s interior management of both the Edith in horticulture and tourism and support plateau areas that can receive frost Stephens Wetland Park (3,42 ha) on national, regional and international during the dry, cold winter months (Free the Cape Flats and the Tienie Versfeld networks for the conservation, State, Pretoria and Walter Sisulu NBGs). Reserve (20,72 ha) near Darling in the sustainable use and appreciation of the This range of climatic conditions means western Cape. Both reserves are flora of South Africa. that different gardens are able to grow situated outside Kirstenbosch. plants that might not be grown so Living Collections successfully in other gardens without Each NBG has a dedicated collecting artificial structures having to be built. policy, with an overall Living The eight NBGs–Free State, Harold Collections Policy covering all of the Porter, Karoo Desert, Kirstenbosch, The NBGs include natural vegetation gardens. As there is some overlap Lowveld, KwaZulu-Natal, Pretoria and representative of six of southern between gardens’ collecting areas, Walter Sisulu NBGs–are located in five of Africa’s seven biome units, namely many collaborative field trips are South Africa’s nine provinces (see map). forest, fynbos (characterized by the undertaken between gardens. The NBGs are situated in different parts presence of ericas, restios and Wherever possible the gardens try to of the country, ranging from proteas), grassland, savanna, Nama grow plants that have been collected predominantly winter-rainfall Karoo, and Succulent Karoo. The only from the wild, after the necessary

BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 09-12 09 permits and permission have been obtained from the provincial Right: The conservation agencies/authorities and Walter Sisulu landowners. NBG’s succulent rockery (Aloe in Horticulture foreground) In recent years maintenance or serves an continuance plans have been important role developed by horticulturists for plant in its garden- collections requiring special cultivation based education attention and techniques, such as some programmes of the succulent plant groups (e.g. (Photo: Hans Haworthia spp.). Special collections Heilgendorff). that are currently held across the various NBGs include cycads, pelargoniums, haworthias, Lithops, Plectranthus, and various bulb species. cent of South Africa’s indigenous flora Plant records (estimated at 23,420). The number of An IT Review is currently being indigenous plant taxa per garden conducted for the new SANBI, with the ranged from 347 taxa in the Free State garden records database a priority area NBG to 5,538 in the Kirstenbosch NBG for development. Attempts have been (24% of South Africa’s flora), SANBI’s made in the past to develop a plant flagship garden. A total of 813 Red List records database compatible with plant species are represented SANBI’s in-house PRECIS (National throughout the NBGs, 384 being Herbarium, Pretoria (PRE) regarded as threatened (see Golding, Computerised Information System) 2002). The NBGs collectively hold 17 database. The ideal situation will be per cent of South Africa’s estimated where each NBG, despite being in 2,301 (9.8% of South Africa’s flora) eight different centres, has direct threatened plants. Low priority taxa access to a centralized, regularly (Rare and Lower Risk) accounted for updated, database system. about 50 per cent of all the Red List species in the NBGs. With each garden having relatively large areas of natural vegetation within Threatened species from the families their boundaries, they should, through Proteaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Aloaceae appropriate partnerships with both Above: Descriptive notes and and Iridaceae are the most well- amateur and professional biologists, Botanical cultivation/propagation techniques for represented in the NBGs. They are continue to develop and refine existing Society South Africa’s indigenous plants are mainly showy, well-known and highly checklists of biodiversity recorded in volunteer currently made available electronically attractive species that appeal to each NBG. looking after the to the general public through a SANBI- garden visitors. Of concern is that the proteas at the managed web site, majority (65%) of Red List species in Training Kirstenbosch www.plantzafrica.com. SANBI staff South Africa’s NBGs occur in only a Garden Fair have, in addition, over the past few single collection. Horticultural protocols The NBG provide training for staff and (Photo: Dave years also contributed towards a series for individual threatened plant taxa other conservation workers in McDonald) of guides to the cultivation and need to be developed so that horticulture, tourism and service skills, propagation of various indigenous conservation collections can be held in which builds competence for South African plants, known as the several botanical gardens. Surveys set conservation and making gardens Kirstenbosch Gardening Series. Titles meaningful targets, particularly those environments for learning. in this series, amongst others, have linked to Target 8 of the Global included Grow South African Plants, Strategy for Plant Conservation In line with national health and safety Grow Bulbs, and Grow Clivias. (GSPC). regulations, staff in all eight gardens have received training in various Conservation collections Based on this preliminary review aspects of the national Health and A survey completed in 2002 of living (Golding & Heilgendorff, 2002), South Safety Act, chemical safety, fire fighting collections across the eight NBGs Africa’s NBGs are currently working on and first aid. In addition, horticultural provided some interesting results developing a plant conservation skills training programmes (facilitated in (Golding & Heilgendorff, 2002). Based strategy, linked to the targets of the mother tongue) for ground staff have on a preliminary data set of living GSPC, together with other sections now been implemented at all eight collections in South Africa’s NBGs, the and programmes of SANBI, to serve as NBGs. In line with legislation regulating eight gardens together house some a framework for the various gardens’ training in South Africa, these courses 8,500 indigenous plant species, 36 per conservation programmes. are nationally registered and offered by

10 BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) an accredited training provider. Training Networks Key partnerships have also been courses and workshops have also developed within the past five years been presented to various staff on The NBGs work very closely with with the Millennium Seed Bank (Royal topics such as supervisory and organisations and institutions in South Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K.) and a personal skills improvement and Africa for the conservation and strategic partnership with the Ball financial life skills training. Service sustainable use of plants in the region. Horticultural Co. based in Chicago, standards in the NBGs have also been USA. improved through a nationally For instance, the NBGs are very closely recognised South Africa Host involved with, and supported by, the Environmental Education Programme. Selected staff in the NBGs Botanical Society of South Africa, a have also been assessed and non-governmental organisation. The Education is defined as one of the key registered with their provincial Botanical Society of South Africa was functions of a botanical garden. South registrars as tourist guides, both on a established in 1913 to support the Africa’s NBGs have been serving an site and regional level. development of Kirstenbosch NBG and education role for learners, teachers now works with the other seven NBGs. and the general public for many For several years now, SANBI has The members act as the ‘friends’ of the decades. contributed towards the academic and gardens and support both garden- in-service training of the next based and in situ conservation efforts. There has been major investment in generation of professional The Botanical Society has also Kirstenbosch, over the last 15 years, in horticulturists. Practical training (six contributed significantly to the upgrading visitor amenities with new months) in indigenous flora is offered infrastructural development of South garden management facilities, a to second and third year students who Africa’s NBGs, particularly in conservatory, restaurant, nursery, study horticulture through the South Kirstenbosch, where the largest branch herbarium, library and research African education system. of the society and it’s Head Office is facilities and since 2000, significant based. investment has also been made in Below: South At Kirstenbosch NBG, newly qualified upgrading facilities in the other seven Africa’s horticulturists also receive training in South Africa’s NBGs have also made a NBGs. This has included new Millennium the practical application of theoretical significant contribution towards restaurants, visitors’ centres, new and Seed Bank team principles in horticulture, with specific supporting other gardens in southern upgraded parking areas, environmental collecting reference to botanical gardens. The Africa through the successful education centres, function facilities Pavonia duration of the internship is two years. GEF/UNDP and USAID/IUCN ROSA- and pathways. Combined, South senegalensis in Since 2000, SANBI has accommodated supported Southern African Botanical Africa’s NBGs receive over one million the Kalahari 12 students, four of whom have been Diversity Network (SABONET) visitors per annum, with Kirstenbosch (Photo: Erich appointed as horticulturists in the Programme. The project was aimed at receiving over 685,000 visitors. van Wyk) various NBGs of South Africa. upgrading facilities and strengthening the level of botanical diversity expertise A Kirstenbosch Scholarship is also throughout the subcontinent. The provided every year to one qualified participating countries are Angola, horticulturist with a special aptitude for Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, botany and research work connected Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, with indigenous flora. The duration of Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. the scholarship is one year.

New environmental education centres Left: New have been built in the Walter Sisulu, Kirstenbosch Pretoria, Free State and Lowveld Tea Room set NBGs, allowing dedicated education against the staff to be housed and garden-based dramatic programmes to be hosted in the backdrop of various NBGs. This has allowed the Table Mountain, expansion of the formal education Cape Town programmes to gardens beyond (Photo: Hans Kirstenbosch. Heilgendorff)

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 11 signage certainly does promote the • Possible sites for new gardens in links and dependence between the Northern Cape and Eastern Cape animals, people and plants. Interpretive provinces evaluated. labels in the various gardens include a • 50% of South Africa’s threatened range of indigenous South African plants in NBG collections and/or the languages, particularly the languages Millennium Seed Bank (UK) (MSB). spoken in those areas where the • 90% of Critically Endangered South gardens are located. Languages African plant taxa in NBG collections generally used in interpretive signage and/or the MSB. are English, Afrikaans and the local • 100% of Extinct in the Wild South African language spoken. These include African plants held in NBGs and/or Above: A picture During the past ten years, outreach Siswati, Zulu, Xhosa and Sotho. MSB. of Pretoria greening programmes have been • NBG plant collections computerized. NBG’s developed and expanded to extend Both standardised permanent and • Gap analysis of plants in cultivation in Environmental beyond the boundaries of the botanical temporary interpretive signs are used in NBGs and South Africa’s flora. Education gardens. Much of this focus has been South Africa’s NBGs. SANBI has also • Collecting areas for NBGs reviewed. Centre, using on working together with local standardised the directional signage • Review the implementation of the materials communities, using indigenous plants, used in the various NBGs. International Agenda for Botanic from the natural to ‘green’ disadvantaged schools in Gardens in Conservation within grassland in the township areas around the gardens in Since 1976, Kirstenbosch and other NBGs. garden (Photo: Cape Town, Pretoria and gardens in the national network have • Back-up collections of threatened Eugenie Johannesburg. been participating in the world- plants cultivated in NBGs stored in Novellie) renowned Royal Horticultural Society’s the MSB. In recent years, since its first Chelsea Flower Show held every year in • Continued implementation of democratic elections took place in London, UK. To date the integrated threatened plant 1994, South Africa has become known Kirstenbosch/SANBI exhibition has won programmes in each NBG. as the ‘rainbow nation’, due to it’s 26 gold medals at this annual show. many diverse cultures, languages Participation by SANBI in this event is As part of a broader institutional review (South Africa has 11 official languages) currently made possible through a process, progress with the and peoples. In order to promote and generous public-private sector implementation of the International share this cultural diversity with visitors, sponsorship involving Old Mutual SA, Agenda for Botanic Gardens in South Africa’s NBGs have been the City of Cape Town and the Western Conservation (IA) by South Africa’s developing demonstration gardens with Cape Provincial Government. This NBGs was reviewed for the first time in associated buildings in many of the sponsorship has enabled young 2004. Results from the survey indicated gardens to promote the association of horticulturists from the NBGs to that on average across the eight NBGs, various cultures with South Africa’s experience and participate in the show 53% of the activities listed in the IA are indigenous plants. These range from on an annual basis. being implemented. water wise gardens, useful plants and medicinal gardens to traditional huts Corporate strategic plan and References and a traditional cooking shelter (used business plans in the arid Richtersveld area in the north ➡ Golding, J, 2002 (ed.) Southern western corner of South Africa) in the Each of the NBGs prepare, on an African Plant Red Data Lists. Karoo Desert NBG. annual basis, business plans linked to SABONET Report No. 14, the objectives of SANBI’s Corporate SABONET, Pretoria, South Africa Interpretation Strategic Plan. These plans help the Interpretation has received increased gardens define their programmes and ➡ Golding, J.S. & Heilgendorff, J.P. support in South Africa’s NBGs in the activities for the forthcoming year. More 2002. An evaluation of the extent to past five years, and several gardens recently, targets for South Africa’s which the NBGs contribute to the ex currently have dedicated Interpretation NBGs have been set within the latest situ conservation of South Africa’s Officers. Each of the gardens has SANBI Corporate Strategic Plan threatened plants: Results. dedicated interpretation themes and (2005–2009). These include the Occasional report of the Directorate: plans that assist in guiding their following: Biodiversity Policy and Planning. interpretive work. The overall slogan for • 45% of South Africa’s plant taxa interpretation in South Africa’s NBGs is represented in NBGs. Christopher K. Willis ‘indigenous plants enrich our lives–let’s • Maintenance or continuance South African National Biodiversity care for them’. Each of the gardens’ programmes in place for all Institute, Private Bag X101, natural areas includes an interpreted conservation collections within Pretoria, 0001, South Africa self-guided hiking/walking trail. NBGs. Tel: +27 (0)12 843 5226 • Increased income (10% per annum) Fax: +27 (0)12 843 5354 Although the gardens do not have through new tourism related E-mail: [email protected] collections of animals maintained in infrastructure and programmes in Internet: www.sanbi.org, enclosures or cages, the interpretive NBGs. www.sabonet.org

12 BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) Author: Annie Lane

A global initiative to conserve crop wild relatives in situ

‘In situ conservation of crop wild unless they are an relatives through enhanced information endangered species management and field application’ is a (Parra-Quijano, et al., UNEP/GEF supported project that 2003). Undoubtedly, addresses national and global needs to however, a major improve global food security through limitation is in the effective conservation and use of crop capacity to bring wild relatives. This large, multi-faceted, together and use five year project was launched in 2004 information that does and brings together five countries and exist. A number of six international organizations to studies have shown manage and make use of the wild that substantial amounts of information selected crop wild relatives in each Above: relatives of vitally important crops. often exists (e.g. Thormann et al., country. All partners are contributing Participants at 1999) but that it is dispersed among experience, expertise and information the First The natural populations of many crop different institutions and agencies in to the project. Each country has Information wild relatives are increasingly at risk different countries and international significant numbers of important and Management and they are at present poorly organizations. threatened taxa of crop wild relatives Workshop of the conserved, for a range of reasons. and all but Uzbekistan are among the project, held at There are technical problems involved The project was developed to address world’s biodiversity hotspots—places IPGRI in developing conservation plans for national and global needs to improve that have the highest concentrations of Headquarters, such a diverse range of species with conservation of crop wild relatives, unique biodiversity on the planet. They Rome (Diane different biological characteristics, focusing on improved management are also the places at greatest risk of Wyse Jackson, ecological requirements, conservation and use of information on these loss of diversity. Head of status and uses. There are also species. It brings together five computer political, administrative and countries - Armenia, Bolivia, Project development and systems and infrastructural problems that limit Madagascar, Sri Lanka and implementation database effective in situ conservation actions. Uzbekistan, with IPGRI (International development, In many cases, collaboration between Plant Genetic Resources Institute) as The preceding two year design and BGCI – back row different ministries, agencies or the project manager, and five other development phase of the project fourth from the institutions is required where there is international conservation agencies - analyzed the conservation situation for left, Annie Laird, no tradition of collaboration and in fact the Food and Agriculture Organization crop wild relatives in the five countries. author of article may even be a history of competition. of the United Nations (FAO), Botanic It was found that relatively little is - back row fifth While many countries already have Gardens Conservation International known of the conservation status of from the left). conservation initiatives in place (e.g. (BGCI), the United Nations these species, no management plans (Photo: IPGRI) gene banks and protected areas) few Environment Programme’s World have been developed for reserves with of these target crop wild relatives Conservation Monitoring Centre such species in mind, where modern (Meilleur & Hodgkin, 2004). An (UNEP-WCMC), the World information management systems assessment of in situ conservation of Conservation Union (IUCN) and the existed they were extremely limited in Lupinus spp. in Spain, for example, German Centre for Documentation and their scope and application, and no in showed that protected areas do not Information in Agriculture (ZADI) - to situ conservation projects or monitoring consider crop wild relative populations enhance the conservation status of activities targeted to crop wild relatives

BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 13-15 13 Right: Wild were currently in place. All of the country conservation decisions. The pepper (Piper partner countries expressed their desire development of the International sp.) in the to improve the conservation and wise Information System is co-funded by limestone use of these important resources in a GTZ, an international cooperation grottoes of sustainable and cost-effective way. To enterprise for sustainable development. Walvulpana, SE achieve this, they decided to use of Colombo, Sri approaches that maximize the use of The major activities under this Lanka existing information and conservation component are: resources in ways that are widely (a) Design of the system will involve all applicable to the different taxa that international partners and national occur within their borders. information experts and will be achieved using Unified Modeling Key elements Language. The design process will also address issues of ownership, The project has four major custodianship, access, use, components, the first two of which exploitation and intellectual property. focus on the systematic compilation, (b) Joint terminology which will involve and work was initiated on the access and use of information related the development of an appropriate development of descriptors. This work to crop wild relatives. Application of ontology that will provide definition of has now been finalized and countries this information will significantly terms, their specification and the and international organizations are enhance the development of effective relationship between them. The main beginning to enter data and modify in situ conservation and monitoring entry point for accessing information information categories and their strategies for crop wild relatives, which is likely to be species name. Sixty descriptors. is the major focus of the third four crop genera comprising about component, and in raising awareness, 12,000 species have at this stage Component 2. National Information the fourth component. been identified as the focus of the Systems. In all five partner countries project. Eighteen of these are crops information exists in herbaria and ex Component 1. International listed in Annex 1 of the International situ gene banks that can be used to Information System. An information Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources determine the likely location of portal dedicated to crop wild relatives for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA), populations of species of crop wild will be developed to serve as a which came into force on June 29, relatives. Information on the extent and gateway for access allowing users to 2004, for which multilateral exchange distribution of protected areas is also search for information through a single agreements are envisaged. The available from natural resource web address. The system will bring terminology development work will management agencies, and information together information from available directly support national information on the use of crop wild relatives can be Below: national and international sources on management in the five partner found in institutions attached to the Passionfruit the identity, status, distribution and countries. Ministry of Agriculture, universities and (Passiflora sp.) potential use of crop wild relatives. (c) Development of infrastructure that colleges. in the National partners will test the will provide a cost-effective internet Cochabamba effectiveness of access and use of the based system that can host The national partners will analyse region of Bolivia international systems to support information gathered and compiled existing information holdings, establish by partners. Analytical tools suitable necessary infrastructure, develop for spatial information and appropriate hardware and software geographic analysis will allow the systems and national data exchange distribution of crop wild relatives to protocols and ensure that the be visualized and related to information is available to the variables such as climate, edaphic information system. Their systems will factors and land use and social- include aspects of species biology, economic factors such as human ecology, conservation status, population and poverty. distribution, crop production potential, (d) Content development will ensure local community uses and existing that information maintained by conservation actions and information relevant international and national sources on crop wild relatives. organizations is made available to users. Component 3. Enhanced capacity and in situ conservation actions. At the first International Management Lack of capacity, including the absence Committee (IMC) meeting it was of an effective operational framework agreed that the system design would and national plans to deal specifically be based on the model used by Global with conservation of crop wild relatives, Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). has been identified as a significant Information categories were agreed obstacle to the conservation and use

14 BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) of crop wild relatives. This component way, the outcomes will provide globally References contains a range of activities to relevant solutions to improving improve country capacity to effectively conservation of crop wild relatives. ➡ Meilleur, B. A. and Hodgkin, T. 2004. conserve and use crop wild relatives. In situ conservation of crop wild A solid legal structure is needed and Output 4. Public awareness. relatives: status and trends. decision-making procedures for Awareness concerning the need for Biodiversity and Conservation 13: identification of priority conservation conservation of plant genetic resources 663-684. actions need to provide for the (PGR) and especially crop wild relatives ➡ Parra-Quijano, M., Draper, D. and participation of all stakeholders. The is relatively recent. Awareness of PGR Iriondo, J. M. 2003. Assessing in legal framework as it relates to in situ has increased since the approval of the situ conservation of Lupinus spp. in conservation of these species will be ITPGRFA but knowledge of the value of Spain through GIS. Crop wild reviewed in each country. crop wild relatives to plant diversity and relative 1: 8-9. Recommendations will be made where sustainable livelihoods is low. The output ➡ Thormann, I., Jarvis, D., Dearing, J. new or modified legislation is required. will raise awareness within the countries and Hodgkin, T. 1999. Internationally Similarly, benefit-sharing practices are and internationally of the importance of available information sources for the to be framed into legal rules that set considering crop wild relatives and their development of in situ conservation out entitlements. Supporting the value for improving agricultural strategies for wild species useful for development of an operational production. Country and international food and agriculture. Plant Genetic framework will be a series of training partners will work together to develop Resources Newsletter 11(8): 38-50. activities and these will include international public awareness activities information management, Red Listing that ensure that project outputs are Annie Lane procedures, and participatory made available to conservation workers Global Project Coordinator approaches and benefit sharing issues. in non-target countries. These activities Crop Wild Relatives Left: Wild vanilla will be targeted at various sectors International Plant Genetic (Vanilla sp.) The partners in each country will involved in PGR such as policy makers, Resources Institute (IPGRI) Ankarafantsika implement and monitor conservation conservation managers, plant breeder Via dei Tre Denari, 472/a National Park, strategies that are needed to conserve and local users. 00057 Maccarese (Fiumicino) Madagascar; an priority crop wild relatives in situ. Rome, Italy important spice Countries will undertake The outcomes of the project will be Tel: +39 06611 8400 common in ecogeographic surveys and analysis on widely disseminated nationally and Fax: +39 066197 9661 markets and on three to five selected taxa and use this globally, and successful strategies E-mail: [email protected] the street information to refine procedures for (best practices) will be readily Internet: http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org using spatial information as a tool in transferable to other countries with conservation management and significant populations of crop wild monitoring. Specific conservation relatives. In this way, global efforts to actions will be identified by integrating conserve biological diversity in general, information on the species themselves, and crop wild relatives in particular, will information on the existing be accelerated and optimized for the conservation actions and the use of benefit of both the global community these species at local level. A selected and local users. set of actions that are identified as high priority will be implemented and tested Expected benefits for operational effectiveness and sustainability. An action plan will be The UNEP-GEF Crop Wild Relatives developed for at least one protected Project will provide a sustainable and area per country that contains crop cost-effective information and wild relatives, and at least two decision-making framework for current significant in situ crop wild relative and subsequent work on the conservation demonstration projects conservation of crop wild relatives and will be implemented and assessed with in doing so make a significant global a view to their application as national contribution to their conservation and (and potentially international) models use. Whilst wild relatives have already for sustainable conservation. Priority contributed many useful genes to crop will be given to working with wild plants, there is great potential to relatives of crops of importance to the significantly improve our knowledge, partner countries. However, wild information dissemination systems and relatives important for crop ultimately effective use of these improvement in one country may only species. This will lead to further occur in other countries. This improvements in crop production and, international dimension will be reflected critically for subsistence farmers, by working on wild relatives of a reduced risk of crop failure and common agreed list of crops. In this improved food security.

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 15 Authors: Keith P. Tomlinson, Gary Becht, David Z. Brodkey

Conservation collections at Meadowlark Botanical Gardens, USA: supporting the International Agenda through education and conservation

Meadowlark Botanical Gardens in highest mountains. It is also a state in Aquatic native plants such as Vienna, Virginia, USA. has created three need of both in situ and ex situ pickerelweed (Pontideria cordata), native distinct native plant collections in conservation. A principal goal of these fragrant water lilies (Nymphaea odorata), support of the International Agenda for collections is to educate the public arrowhead (Sagittaria latifolia) and sweet Botanic Gardens in Conservation. The about the connection between garden flag (Acorus calamus) flourish in largest of these is the Potomac Valley conservation collections and saving summer’s humidity. On the lake shore, Collection (PVC). The PVC development plants in the wild. carnivorous pitcher plants (Sarracenia is based on biogeography and floristic purpurea), red and blue cardinal flower composition within the Potomac River The Virginia Native Wetland (Lobelia cardinalis, L. siphilitica) and basin (see BGCNews 3(7), June, 2001). (VNW) blue flag iris (Iris versicolor), souring Whereas, the Virginia Native Tree rush (Equisetum hyemale) mingle with Collection (VNT) and the Virginia Native This collection is located in and around aromatic bayberries (Myrica Wetland collection (VNW) include a small wetland called Lake Lena at the pensylvanica). Many widespread species that occur within the state as lowest elevation in the Gardens. The wetland species are naturalizing around a political unit. native biota of Lake Lena is an ideal the lake, including cattails (Typha classroom for educational programmes latifolia) and numerous native sedges Virginia is topographically and focused on Virginia’s native wetlands (Cyperus spp. and Carex spp.). floristically diverse. The Appalachian and the need for conservation. No Mountains in the southwest region of horticultural selections are used in this Lake Lena also provides a habitat for the state reach elevations of 1,600 m. collection. Conservation work began in aquatic animals and birds. Several Many other peaks in the west are more 1999. Several native trees were already species of turtles, northern water than 1,200 m high. West to east the established on the site when the snakes and native frogs inhabit the state traverses six distinct geographic boardwalk was installed adjacent to area. Many native fish and aquatic regions. These include the Appalachian the lake over ten years ago. Among insects coexist with the plants. Wading Highlands, Valley and Ridge, these are numerous bald cypress trees birds frequent the lake. Great blue Shenandoah Valley, Blue Ridge, (Taxodium distichum). These trees herons, green herons and black Piedmont and Coastal Plain. The have grown well and developed their crowned night herons enjoy secretive Coastal Plain area is represented by trademark “knees” on the water’s hunting on the water’s edge. A full most of the Chesapeake Bay and edge. Sycamore (Platanus assortment of perching birds frequent reaches the Atlantic Ocean further occidentalis), black gum (Nyssa the lake too. east. The entire state is located sylvatica), river birch (Betula nigra), between 36-40° N and 74-83° W. In black willow (Salix nigra) and sweet The Virginia Native Tree Takhtajan’s Floristic Regions of the gum (Liquidambar styraciflua) also Collection (VNT) World, Virginia occupies the grow in the area. Many of Virginia’s Appalachian Province and the northern most southerly wetland shrubs and The Virginia Native Tree collection tip of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast Plain wildflowers are on exhibit here. resides in a far corner of the gardens. Province. Virginia is a state where Here visitors can see some of the bromeliads reach their most northerly Lake Lena is a place of solitude in the State’s best native trees for use in the distribution, cacti adorn beach dunes, garden – a place where native plant home setting. Several smaller native endemic birches are found and horticulture and habitat conservation trees make up a good part of this northern spruce forests dominate the blend to create a naturalized wetland. collection. The fringe trees

16 BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 16-17 Left: View of Lake Lena

(Chionanthus virginicus), native (Quercus lyrata), so named as the American nursery trade are selections. members of the olive family, routinely imbricate involucre on the acorn covers Thus, most amateur gardeners are amaze visitors with their fragrant, nearly the entire nut. A tree with highly using these horticultural creations strap-like white flowers. In the fall, variable cruciform leaves, it is a good without realizing the wild ancestor may these trees display a dark blue ovoid candidate for low, wet sites. be in need of conservation. drupe. This is an ideal tree for the discerning gardener with a small yard. The sweet-bay magnolia (Magnolia Ultimately, we hope to encourage use virginiana) grows nearby. Found from of native plants in the landscape and Growing close by are several paw Massachusetts to Florida, sweet-bay educate the public about the often- paws (Asimina triloba). These magnolia varies in size, attaining much subtle differences between native handsome little trees are familiar to larger stature in the south. In time, species that represent wild populations people who spend time along local sweet-bay becomes a handsome yard and horticultural selections. rivers where it grows in abundance. tree. The early summer flowers are Furthermore, we educate the visiting The long, broad leaf tapers neatly to creamy white and very fragrant. public and avocation gardeners alike a “drip tip,” a feature that illustrates its Several other native trees are in this about the ecological and conservation tropical origin as a member of the collection, which is located below the value of native plants in public garden Annonaceae. When crushed, the Hillside gazebo, about a ten-minute collections and in the landscape at leaves have a distinctive odor walk from the Visitors Center. The VNT large. Through this decidedly didactic reminiscent of diesel fuel. The fruit is is one of the featured collections in our approach, we have created a forum a large oblong berry with a slightly Specimen Tree programme. based on living collections that coriacious green or brown rind. The promotes the International Agenda and mesocarp is white and creamy, often Collection Based Education for fosters an appreciation for conserving described as a mix between apple and Conservation plant diversity to a wider audience. banana with large black seeds. Paw paw is widely regarded as Virginia’s In the United States, amateur gardeners Keith P. Tomlinson and Gary Becht finest indigenous fruit. are constantly encouraged to use Meadowlark Botanical Gardens horticulture selections by the popular 9750 Meadowlark Gardens Ct Other trees in this collection include literature and many public gardens. In Vienna, VA 22182 , USA. the hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), a the collections at Meadowlark, Tel: +1 703 255 3631 Ext. 102 hazelnut relative with soft shaggy bark. horticultural selections are used only in Fax: +1 703 255 2392 Also from the Corylaceae is the the VNT. This is an intentional departure E-mail: [email protected] hornbeam or muscle wood (Carpinus from the relatively strict dictum of using Internet: www.meadowlark carolinana). This tree is notable for its regional genotypes in the PVC and gardens.org extremely hard wood and fine twigs VNW. This specific strategy is designed with delicate imbricate buds. Muscle to interest ornamental gardeners in David Z. Brodkey wood is slow growing and, with age, native species through the initial use of Student, Environmental Science, provides a beautiful fluted trunk. horticultural selections. The vast McGill University Further along the trail, is overcup oak majority of native plants in the c/o Meadowlark Botanical Gardens

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 17 Authors: J.E. Hernández Bermejo, F. Herrera Molina

REDBAG: the Spanish Network of genebanks for wild plants

Introduction relatives. At present, there are more than 25 Spain is a privileged country with seed banks mainly Right: Map of respect to the wealth of its biological located in the provinces distribution of diversity compared to the rest of the of Asturias, Badajoz, 8+2+2 Seed Banks consolidated European Union (EU) and the Córdoba, La Coruña, 35,000 Accessions partners taxonomic knowledge of this diversity Madrid, Málaga, Murcia, 10,000 Different Taxa is still limited in many cases. There are Pontevedra, Valencia and at least 8,000 vascular plant species in Zaragoza. These seed Spain of which 1,500 are endemic. banks hold more than 65,000 holds the highest number of However, Spain also has the largest accessions of the main crops and accessions of the Spanish flora (9,900). number of threatened plants in the EU families of economic interest for At the beginning of the 80s, the seed with approximately 12 per cent with Spanish agriculture such as cereals, banks of the Botanic Garden Viera y IUCN threatened categories (IUCN, legumes, vines, potatoes, tomatoes, Clavijo in Gran Canaria and the above- 2001). citrus, berries or fleshy fruits. mentioned Botanic Garden of Córdoba were also started. The first one now The objectives of the Convention on Simultaneously and especially during has 2,200 accessions almost Biological Diversity (CBD) and the CBD the last twenty-five years, seed banks exclusively of the Canarian flora, and programme, the Global Strategy for for the Spanish flora have been the second has 5,200 accessions of Plant Conservation (GSPC) recognises developed in line with the plants of ethnobotanical interest, the importance of ex situ conservation improvement, restoration or creation of Andalusian endemic species and (CBD Article 9. Ex situ Conservation, botanic gardens and measures for in species of the family Cardueae. For the GSPC Target 8: 60 per cent of situ conservation such as reserves, first twenty years of existence until threatened plant species in accessible national parks or the implementation of 2002, the Córdoba Seed Bank was ex situ collections, preferably in the recovery plans for endangered species. managed through several agreements country of origin, and 10 per cent of with the Department of Environment of them included in recovery and The first wild-flora seed bank initiative the Regional Government, and it has restoration programmes and the was undoubtedly that of the recently become the Andalusian Seed importance of networks for conservation Department of Vegetal Biology of the bank (BGVA). (CBD Article 18. Technical and Scientific Polytechnic University of Madrid Cooperation, GSPC Target 16: Networks (PUM). Under the direction of Professor The seed bank in the Botanic Garden for plant conservation activities Gómez Campo, it was started in 1966 of Valencia University was created in established or strengthened at national, for the conservation of the 1991. It now contains more than 1,500 regional and international levels (CBD, Brassicaceae in the Mediterranean. accessions mainly from the 2003; CBD, 2005). Then, in 1971 the seed bank extended Mediterranean flora of eastern Spain its scope to the Iberian endemic flora, (Autonomous Community of Valencia). As in many other countries of the world, at the time when two people joined its seed banks in Spain were created and team, who later developed the Botanic The seed bank in the Botanic Garden developed in response to the necessity Garden of Córdoba and its seed bank of Sóller is the same age and also of conserving plant genetic resources (the first author and Margarita specialises in the local and regional such as crops, local varieties and wild Clemente). The seed bank of the PUM flora. It conserves most of the

18 BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 18-20 endemic species of the Balearic 2) Consolidating partners are those 8) promote joint initiatives among Islands with an emphasis on the institutions whose seed bank is in a network members such as seed conservation of critically endangered development stage with a view to collecting expeditions, duplicate species. It plays an essential role in the becoming a consolidated partner. distribution, licence management, protection of the Balearic flora. 3) Potential partners are those and in short, any activity that eases institutions which are developing a the work of the Network member. The Botanic Garden of Marimurtra in seed bank or have a clear plan. Blanes has a small seed bank Those institutions that have a seed The first actions of REDBAG were to: specialising in Mediterranean bulbous bank but do not belong to AIMJB 1) elect a Board made up of four species and a germplasm collection of are considered invited partners. partners from the seed banks of the the genus Androcymbium at a world UPM, Gran Canaria, Valencia and level. The REDBAG Objectives are to: Córdoba. Córdoba will act as the Secretariat; Other seed banks involved with the 1) establish an efficient system of 2) promote a declaration of the Spanish conservation of Spanish wild flora are collaboration with the Central and Parliament fostering the creation of a those of the Royal Botanic Garden Regional Governments to fulfil the Seed Bank Network committed to the Juan Carlos I, Madrid and the Botanic objectives of the Global Strategy for conservation of the wild flora. Garden La Concepción in Málaga. Plant Conservation (GSPC), 3) promote the signing of an especially those included in the agreement with the Department of Finally, there are plans for new seed Targets 8 and 16; Conservation (Ministry of banks at the Botanic Garden of 2) coordinate the development of Environment), to recognise the Barcelona, as well as botanic gardens priorities for REDBAG seed banks to existence of REDBAG and to being built in Gijón, Asturias (Atlantic avoid biogeographical and promotes its coordinated activities Botanic Garden) and the University of phytogenetic gaps, and share the and ensure the national Albacete (Botanic Garden of Castilla-La responsibility for each objective; implementation of the GSPC by the Mancha). 3) develop and apply protocols for the Spanish Government (see Box 2). management of Spanish plant The founding of REDBAG germplasm, especially those related References to its distribution, donation and In November 2002, the AIMJB transfer, according to the current ➡ CBD, 2003. Global Strategy for Plant (Asociación Ibero-Macaronesian de international framework of Conservation Secretariat of the Jardines Botánicos) with the cooperation and the national and Convention on Biological Diversity. collaboration of the Department of regional legal development as [http://www.biodiv.org/programmes/ Vegetal Biology of the PUM called for a regards Access and Benefit Sharing cross-cutting/plant/default.asp, 2005] meeting of all the members of the (ABS) i.e. the access systems and Association that manage germplasm methods of sharing the benefits ➡ CBD, 2005. banks and conservation programmes. derived from the commercial and http://www.biodiv.org/welcome.aspx The result of this meeting was the other utilisation of germplasm; founding of REDBAG (Red Española de 4) establish methods to provide ➡ IUCN, 2001. 2001 IUCN Red List Bancos de Germoplasma de Plantas information on biological characters Categories and Criteria version 3.1. Silvestres - Spanish Network of related to reproduction and IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. genebanks for wild plants). dispersal, germination tests, cultural [http://www.redlist.org/info/categories techniques, distribution and _criteria2001.html, 2005] Membership categories demography, extinction risks, conservation methods, restoration J.E. Hernández Bermejo & F. REDBAG is open to all those programmes and the legal Herrera Molina on behalf of the institutions which actively manage framework for the conservation of Ibero-Macaronesian seed banks of wild species and other Spanish plant germplasm; Association (AIMJB) with the phytogenetic resources; they can be 5) cooperate in the training of cooperation of: Aguilella, J.A.; AIMJB members with seed banks or technicians for management and Bramwell, D.; Gómez-Campo, other institutions. There are three research in relation to seed banks; C.; Elvira, R.; Estrellés, E.; different member categories: 6) provide coordination for international Gradaille, J.L.; Iriondo, J. M.; projects and seed bank networks or Membrives, N.; Lasso de la 1) Consolidated partners are those any other forum or supra-national Vega, B.; Pedrola, J.; Pérez, C.; non-profit making institutions whose framework that relates to the activity Roca, A. & Velayos, M. seed bank conserves and manages of REDBAG members; the plant germplasm of wild 7) foster network development by Jardín Botánico de Córdoba populations of the Spanish flora or adding new seed banks to complete Av. De Linneo, s/n the autochthonous phyto-resources, the biogeographical and 14004 Córdoba, Spain with short and medium-term aims, phytogenetic map of plant diversity Tel: +34 957 203154 appropriate facilities and methods conservation in Spain; Fax: +34 957 295333 E-mail: (See Boxes 1 and 2). [email protected]

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 19 Box 1 Consoldidated partners of REDBAG

Germplasm bank Other (Consolidated Place Foundation Main Nº Conservation relevant partners) year collections accessions techniques facilities

UPM Plant Madrid 1966 Iberian 9900 Cool-room Seed technology Biology endemic flora Cryopreservation facilities Molecular Department In vitro culture biology

BGVA Andalusian Córdoba, 1982 Andalusian 5200 Underground Seed technology Govrt. & Córdoba Andalusia endemic flora, cool-roomWith 20 facilities Cryopreservation Botanic Garden ethnobotanical cool chambers In vitro culture collection, Cardueae (-20 & -5ºC) Molecular biology

Valencia University Valencia 1991 Valencia endemic 1500 Cool-room Seed technology facilities Botanic Garden flora

Royal Botanic Madrid 1986 Spanish flora 4211 Cool-room Molecular biology Garden of Madrid

Viera y Clavijo Canary Islands 1983 Canarian flora 2200 Cool-room Seed technology facilities Botanic Garden In vitro culture Molecular biology

Royal Botanic Garde Alcalá de Henares, 1997 Spanish flora 2556 Cool-room Cryopreservation Juan Carlos I Madrid In vitro culture

La Concepción Málaga, Andalusia 1994 Exotic and 6242 Cool chambers Molecular biology Botanic Garden autochthonous plants

Marimurtra Blanes, Catalonia 1990 Androcymbium 210 Cool chambers Molecular biology Botanic Garden Medicinal plants

Sóller Botanic Sóller, Mallorca, 1991 Balearic flora and 460 Cool rooms Seed technology facilities Garden Balearic Islands endemic flora

Box 2 The activities of REDBAG for agreement with the • The design of a method of seed exchange • The organization of meetings to Department of Conservation through the Index Seminum for members of implement the above mentioned aims (Ministry of Environment) REDBAG, including using the Network • The provision of information and website awareness on the activities of REDBAG • The development and publication of a • The attendance of meetings of • A preliminary inventory of the germplasm manual of good practice for wild germplasm international networks and conventions collections currently conserved in the collection related to the Network aims seed banks of REDBAG • The official approval of a system of data • The support for the Department of • The development of a co-ordinated registration common and accessible for all Conservation in meetings and database leading to a complete inventory members of the Network and the commitments related to the conservation of the collections conserved in the seed corresponding national and regional of plant diversity within the framework of banks of REDBAG authorities the CBD and other international • The design and creation of a website • The establishment of a method of agreements • An inventory of those species with cooperation among the members of the • The facilitation of access and use of the recovery plans in the Spanish Network that allows official approval for phytogenetic material conserved in the Autonomous Regions security measures and promotion of a seed banks of REDBAG for conservation • The development of a proposal of duplicate system which ensures the ex situ or restoration activities by the priorities and plans for implementing the conservation of the Spanish flora Department of Conservation work of seed banks in the coming years • The support and implementation of • The support of the conservation and • The design of a protocol related to the collecting programmes for those regions restoration activities implemented by the distribution, donation and transference of and taxa which require urgent measures for Department of Conservation plant germplasm, within the framework of ex situ conservation the CBD regarding ABS

20 BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) Author: Sara Oldfield

Saving trees around the world: the Global Trees Campaign

The immense ecological, cultural and selected in consultation with local economic importance of trees around people and with advice from members the world should provide strong of the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist incentives for their conservation. That Group which is closely associated with is the rationale behind the Global Trees the Campaign. Some of these projects Campaign developed by Fauna & Flora are carried out by FFI through the work International (FFI) in partnership with of its Regional Programmes and others the UNEP World Conservation are supported financially by FFI Monitoring Centre. The Campaign through small grants. A significant aims to save the world’s most source of funding has been the threatened trees and their habitats by Flagship Species Fund managed by the provision of good information, FFI on behalf of the UK Government’s taking conservation action and Department for Environment, Food and promoting sustainable use. The Rural Affairs (Defra). Campaign supports key targets of the CBD Global Strategy for Plant In parallel to the conservation action, Conservation (GSPC) and is a practical gaps in the information on the mechanism contributing to the conservation status of tree species, implementation of the Strategy. building on the 1998 data, are being filled by field research and networking The Global Trees Campaign was with experts worldwide. The updating of launched in 1998 in response to the this important conservation information publication of The World List of is coordinated by the IUCN/SSC Global Threatened Trees. This report, resulting Tree Specialist Group, for which FFI from a three year survey, documented provides the Secretariat at its the conservation status of around Cambridge, UK headquarters. 8,000 tree species globally, information which has subsequently been The Global Trees Campaign functions Projects around the world Above: incorporated into the IUCN Red List. effectively by working through Cultivated The survey indicated that less than 12 partnerships. These may be for One of the current projects of the Magnolias in per cent of the globally threatened example with local community groups, Global Trees Campaign is undertaken China trees were protected within national NGOs, forestry departments or other by the Havana Botanic Garden in (Photo: Paul parks or other sites set aside for government agencies. Botanic Gardens Cuba, working with the IUCN/SSC Mathew/FFI) conservation and only eight per cent and Arboreta are important partners in Cuba Plant Specialist Group. The were in cultivation. FFI decided to take the Global Trees Campaign working in Cuban Palm Project, is assessing the action to promote the value of trees various different ways. The botanical conservation status and threats to and implement conservation action. knowledge, horticultural skills and some of Cuba’s rarest palms, and is expertise in public awareness and developing strategies to save them Now the Global Trees Campaign is education provided by botanic gardens from extinction. Recent field work has working on priority projects in over 20 have been very valuable to the success confirmed that one of the species countries. Projects are carefully of the Campaign. being studied, Coccothrinax crinita, is

BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 21-23 21 Right: Large- leaved Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) threatened because of exploitation of its valuable hard wood. (Photo: Juan Pablo Moreiras/FFI)

Below: Pau Brazil (Caesalpinia echinata). This is one of the species included in the SoundWood programme. (Photo: Paul Mathew/FFI)

Critically Endangered. of the conservation strategy for this The project, undertaken by local Only 130 individuals species. To promote public awareness partners will help people who live in remain in the wild at individuals are being planted in the area and depend on forest two localities in Pinar prominent places such as in the resources to improve forest burning del Río Province. grounds of health centres and in the controls and policing against illegal Coccothrinax crinita recreational park in the Bahía Honda timber cutting. Recovery of the tree has many uses for municipality. A very significant success species will be further assisted by local people. The of the Project has been the declaration translocating saplings produced in an leaves and fibres are earlier this year of a Flora Reserve to on-site nursery back into their forest used to make protect Coccothrinax crinita in its habitat. brushes, hats and natural habitat. The Reserve will also stuffing for pillows protect other threatened trees including In China a new Global Trees Campaign and mattresses. The trunks are used in species of box, Buxus spp which grow project to conserve threatened species house construction and the fruits are at the same forest site. of Magnoliaceae was designed at a used as animal feed. Over exploitation workshop held in Kunming Botanic is one of the threats faced by this palm Caribbean tree conservation activities Garden in May 2004. At this workshop, together with habitat degradation have been developed in close species conservation priorities were through cattle grazing, burning and the association with Fairchild Tropical agreed on the basis of status, threat, impact of invasive species. Botanic Garden Miami, USA with which reliability of taxonomy and use. A FFI has signed a Memorandum of project proposal was subsequently Conservation action for Coccothrinax Understanding. Fairchild is also prepared and funding has been crinita and other threatened palms of supporting another important Global provided through the Flagship Species Pinar del Río was discussed at a Trees Campaign in Madagascar. This Fund to support the conservation of project workshop held in November focuses on four highly endangered tree five priority species: Manglietia sinica, 2004. In situ conservation, propagation species found in the Vohibola forest, Manglietia grandis, Magnolia studies, reintroduction and public one of the two remaining littoral forests sargentiana, Magnolia phanerophlebia education form important components in the eastern part of the country. and Michelia coriacea.

22 BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) In association with FFI’s China available. The timber is still highly Botanic Garden, Cambridge and the Programme the project will: sought after for the manufacture of Eden Project, Cornwall. Education bows for stringed musical instruments, resources have been developed for • Conduct a thorough literature survey although government legislation now wider use and can be accessed from of the five priority species, followed prevents export of the timber. the Global Trees Campaign website. by field survey work to fill information gaps and to ground- SoundWood Looking ahead truth the distribution data. The survey results will be used to Pau Brasil is one of the species The Global Trees Campaign continues prepare practical conservation included in the SoundWood to grow and to develop new strategies for protecting key species Programme of the Global Trees partnerships. Over the coming months or areas of concern. Campaign. This aims to conserve BGCI will be exploring ways to work • Hold a workshop involving Chinese threatened tree species that are used with FFI to help further the aims of the and Vietnamese scientists and in musical instrument manufacture. Campaign. Linking in situ and ex situ officials to develop proposals for SoundWood works with industry to activities will be crucial, for example, to cross-border survey and support sustainable production and save the 900 Critically Endangered tree conservation work in south-east procurement of the required timbers, species that are currently recorded by Yunnan province, China and Vietnam. supports international policy initiatives IUCN. BGCI’s Plant Search facility, will The intention is to build partnerships on sustainable trade in timber and has be an important tool to facilitate between scientists in the two a strong educational component. prioritisation of tree species for further countries and develop the basis for Projects to conserve and restore action. joint conservation work once further species such as Pau Brasil, Mahogany funding becomes available. Swietenia macrophylla and African Sara Oldfield (BGCI) • Review the impact of wild collection Blackwood Dalbergia melanoxylon in Descanso House, 199 Kew Road Below: of Magnoliaceae in China for the their natural habitats are also Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK Impressive horticultural trade, the impact of the undertaken. These in turn feed into the Tel: +44 (0)20 8332 5953 flowering tree international (particularly UK) trade educational activities bringing alive the Fax: +44 (0)20 8832 5956 inside the in wild and propagated Chinese ecological and livelihood issues E-mail: [email protected] rainforest, Magnoliaceae, and the ex situ associated with the tree species. Internet: http://www.bgci.org Parque conservation of Magnoliaceae in the Internacional La UK. The project will assess the SoundWood education programmes For more information on the Global Amistad, Costa ways propagation is benefiting have been running for schoolchildren in Trees Campaign visit: Rica. (Photo: Magnoliaceae and will promote links the UK, US and Brazil. In the UK, www.globaltrees.org or e-mail: Juan Pablo between UK and Chinese projects have been undertaken in [email protected] Moreiras/FFI) institutions involved in ex situ collaboration with the University conservation activities.

In Brazil, the Global Trees Campaign is working with the Rio Botanic Gardens and the Margaret Mee Foundation to carry out detailed studies of remaining populations of the endangered tree Pau Brasil, Caesalpinia echinata. Regeneration of the species is being studied, planting schemes carried out and local community education projects undertaken

Pau Brasil is the national tree of Brazil, and gave the country its name. This Endangered species acts as a Flagship species for the threatened Atlantic Coastal Forest - a global biodiversity hotspot. Pau Brasil was initially exploited by European settlers as a source of valuable purple dye. Felling the trees led to the clearance of vast amounts of the Atlantic Forest from the 16th to mid-19th centuries and populations of the species continued to decline until the 1920s when synthetic dyes were made widely

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 23 Authors: Guo Cheng-ze, Guo Da-zhu, Ma Pei-shen

The ex situ conservation of Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun (Magnoliaceae) in Nanyue Arboretum, Hunan Province, China

Right: is straight and large; and the timber is where it grows at elevations of Tsoongiodendron very good and easily worked, young 200–300 m. This region is at a latitude odorum growing trees are always cut down and the of 25 °N. The soil of the site is derived in the Arboretum roots are dug out by local residents. from weathered sandy shale or granite. Endangered Thus the number or trees is The tree grows on fertile, deep, moist, Plants Plot decreasing. It is estimated that there loose soils that have a pH of 5–6.5; the only 80 individual trees remaining in surface soil layer is rich in humus. The Hunan Province and if it is not saved in annual mean temperature is between time it will become extinct. 18–20 °C with a minimum temperature of -3 °C and a maximum temperature The Nanyue Arboretum has been of 43 °C. There is a frost-free period of studying this species over the last 24 300–310 days; the annual rainfall is years. Areas of research have included around 1,500–2,000 mm and the its botanic and ecological relative humidity is 65–85 per cent. characteristics, distribution, causes of T. odorum grows with companion trees threat and the development of such as Exbucklandia populnea (R.Br. techniques for propagation and ex Griff) R.W. Brown, Altingia chinesis cultivation through seeds and cuttings. Oliver, Daphniphyllum macropodium The long life of the tree makes it Miq., Elaeocarpus decipiens Hemsle., suitable for planting as a street tree, as Liquidambar formosana Hance and The tree Tsoongiodendron odorum an ornamental or as a lumber tree. Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt. Chun is rare and nationally protected in & Hill. To sum up, this species likes China (Fu, 1992). T. odorum occurs from Seeds were collected between 1980 warm, moist, mountain habitats in a a latitude of 26°N southward throughout and 1983. These were germinated and monsoon climate and fertile or very the mountain areas of subtropical two thousand seedlings of the species fertile soils. China, where it grows naturally in the have developed into saplings. They provinces of Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, have been planted in a plot of about 3 However, even though the Rare and Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Guizhon ha in the Arboretum that is reserved for Endangered Plant Plot in the Garden and Yunnan. Its altitude range is from rare and endangered species. The has different conditions from the 200–1,200 m. It is scattered in mountain saplings (2003) have a mean height of provenance area in Gao Ze Yuan and is evergreen broadleaved forests or in 23 m with a trunk diameter of 19.6 cm 300 km apart, this species has been villages, but does not form continuous (at chest height); the tallest is 24 m successfully cultivated in the tracts (see map). with a trunk diameter of 22 cm. All the Arboretum. It is 2.5 degrees of latitude trees have flowered and fruited; and further north and has a higher altitude Mature trees are isolated and natural each tree can produce up to 15 kg of of 300–450 m. The soil derived from regeneration is weak. Seedlings or seed each year. The seeds are used for weathered granite turns into mountain young trees are not seen near the propagation. red earth and mountain yellow loam parent trees. There are few fruiting with a lower pH of 4.5–5.5. The annual trees and mature seeds are frequently The seed was collected from the forest mean temperature is lower at 16 °C, eaten by birds and mice. The trees region of Gao Ze Yuan (Jiangyong with a lower minimum and maximum grow fast, but because the tree’s trunk county) in southern Hunan Province temperature of -8 °C and 40 °C. It has

24 BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 24-25 Propagation procedure

The mature fruits (conocarpium) are of soil and two layers of rice straw, picked and put in the sun for several so the soil can only just be seen. days (see illustration). When the After about two months the seeds walls of the fruits have broken down, germinate and the rice straw can be the seeds are soaked in water for removed on a cloudy day or at dusk 3–4 days; the water must be on a fine day. Seedling diseases and changed every day. The pulp seed pests need to be controlled by stalks become soft and are lightly weeding, loosening soil and good rubbed with the hands; the seeds are drainage to prevent water logging. extracted and dredged in moist sand (one part seed and three parts sand) In their first year, the seedling’s mean and stored in wooden, bamboo or height is 60–70 cm with a ground ceramic containers over the winter in diameter of 0.4–0.7 cm. and they a ventilated, shaded room. The develop a good root system. Over 85 seeds must be kept moist, and per cent of seedlings may be planted a shorter frost-free period of 280–300 Above: checked frequently to prevent drying in the following spring; smaller days; lower annual mean rainfall Distribution of out, as well as for damage by fungi seedlings can be kept in the seed around 1,200–1,700 mm, but similar Tsoongiodendron or mice. bed for a further year. relative humidity of 60–85 per cent; odorum in China and there is an annual snowfall of not A kilo of fruit contains about Successful vegetative propagation more than 7 days. The plant cover of 2,200–2,500 seeds, and about 70 has been undertaken by using cut or the provenance site includes Pinus per cent of these will germinate. cleft-grafting and layering half woody massoniana Lamb., Loropetalum Seedlings were grown in cuttings in spring. The stock used chinense Oliver, and Rhododendron experimental nurseries at altitudes of was Magnolia maudiae (Dunn) Figlar. simsii Planch. 100 m, 200 m and 400 m. Seeds The scions taken were one year old were sown in lines, 20–25 cm apart, from the canopy of the seed tree. In Reference 2–3 cm deep, in groups of 40–50. total about 200 plants have been They are covered by one centimetre grafted and 95 per cent survived. ➡ Fu, Li Kuo (ed) 1992. China plant red data book: rare and endangered plants. Beijing: Science Press. Left: Fruit of Tsoongiodendron Guo Cheng-ze, Guo Da-zhu and odorum in the Ma Pei-shen Arboretum Nanyue Arboretum Nanyue JIngsha Road No. 26,3-201 Hengyang 421900 Hunan Province People’s Republic of China

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 25 Author: Jacob Thomas

The Arboretum at The Barnes Foundation USA: an exquisite piece of nature and a professional training center for horticulturists

Above: A view of The eastern coast of United States, from the University of Pennsylvania, the greenhouse particularly Philadelphia and the * Albert Coombs Barnes (1872-1951), a medical Laura Barnes enhanced the living doctor, established The Barnes Foundation in 1922 Delaware Valley area, often described as as a school to promote the advancement of collections. Mr. Frank A. Schrepfer, a the ‘gateway to America’s gardens,’ education and the appreciation of fine arts and landscape architect, also from the possesses the largest concentration of horticulture. The Foundation carries out its mission University of Pennsylvania, prepared the through teaching, research, and other programs botanical gardens and arboreta in the related to its Art and Arboretum Departments, as plan for the grounds including a series of country. Among them, the Arboretum at well as through public access to the Arboretum and formal terraces crowned with a rose the Gallery which houses its main collection of The Barnes Foundation in Merion, paintings, sculpture, and other works of art. The garden. Special emphases were given to Pennsylvania, presents a unique Foundation owns one of the finest collections of broad-leaved evergreens for this area assemblage of mature specimens of rare French Impressionist, Post-Impressionist, and Early and for groups like lilacs and peonies. Modern paintings in the world. An extraordinary and unusual trees and other woody number of masterpieces by Renoir (181), Cézanne Representative species in each genus of plants of aesthetic interest that is visited (69), and Matisse (60) and many exemplary works by the conifers were introduced including by about 40,000 people annually. The American artists give visitors a depth of experience the monkey-puzzle tree (Araucaria unavailable anywhere in the world. Fine examples of plants are cultivated in a fine landscape African, Native American, Asian, and Classical art, as araucana), Californian redwood (Sequoia and garden setting that reflects well as hand-wrought iron, early American furniture, sempervirens) and Dawn redwood ceramics, textiles and glass, together make it the concepts from the unique arrangement nation’s first purposely-multicultural collection of (Metasequoia glyptostroboides). of art works in the Gallery* rooms. The approximately 9,000 objects. Arboretum and the attached School Here, most cultivated plants serve a dual Below: A very have served as a training ground for the purpose: to exist as a part of the general old Wisteria horticultural movement among eastern The Arboretum was established on a 13- display/teaching collection and of the sinensis on the Pennsylvania communities for more than acre plot of land previously owned by aesthetic scheme developed by terrace garden sixty years. Captain Joseph Lapsley Wilson, a experiment and careful observation. In Philadelphia attorney, who planted a 1933, Laura Barnes testified her purpose number of different trees as early as the in developing an area behind the gallery 1880s. When Dr Albert Barnes building as, ”…to obtain a compositional purchased the property in 1922, he effect that would be beautiful in it and agreed to preserve Wilson’s trees, which also a unit that would harmonize with became the nucleus of the Arboretum of other units and form a composition of all The Barnes Foundation. Dr Barnes parts of the Arboretum. In doing this, I made Wilson the first director of the followed the same instinct as the painter Arboretum and later entrusted its does in organizing his canvas … It takes development to his wife, Laura Leggett time to find rare trees and to find out by Barnes. Several of Wilson’s original trees experiment the particular arrangement of still stand around the Gallery, including masses, colors, graceful lines and an unusual fern-leaf beech (Fagus spatial intervals that gives the most sylvatica ‘Laciniata’), a Japanese raisin beautiful effect.” She experimented tree (Hovenia dulcis), and a very large boldly and successfully with plants honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos). usually grown south of Washington, DC, and in other countries that were not With the support of E.H. Wilson from the supposed to be hardy in the frigid Arnold Arboretum and Dr. John Fogg Jr. Pennsylvania winter, including southern

26 BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 26-27 magnolias, camellias and mimosas and more and offers 17 courses over a three- most continue to survive and flourish year period. Recently, the American today. Specimens of different teaching Council on Education recommended the collections, like Japanese maples, courses for college credit transfer. This Hollies, Stewartias, Magnolias, school has changed many lives during Phellodendrons, Crabapples etc., are its existence; many have gone on to placed in close proximity for the careers/businesses in horticulture or convenience of comparison. Plant became volunteer gardeners in their names like Ilex aquifolium cv.‘Laura L. communities; many of the area public Barnes,’ Syringa vulgaris cv. ‘Laura L. gardens have Barnes graduates as Barnes,’ S. vulgaris cv. ‘The Barnes volunteers, as board members or as Foundation,’ Picea orientalis paid staff. cv.’Barnes.’ reflects her in-depth involvement in breeding and naming Dr. John M. Fogg Jr., director of the the Arboretum and related facilities for Above: new cultivars/varieties of decorative Arboretum after Laura Barnes, created their exercises. Special horticultural A view of the plants. and developed a herbarium of about programs are being developed with woodland 10,000 specimens. It houses voucher selected schools and introduced to the garden with tea French architect Paul Cret, who specimens of almost every species, students in the community. A small but house and pond designed the gallery building, also variety, form and cultivar, growing in the active group of volunteers, mostly created a stone teahouse in a small Arboretum as well as specimens from graduates from the Arboretum School, remnant of indigenous woodland Dr. Fogg’s exploration trips to different render many hours of service to maintain covered by an enchanting forest of trees, parts of the world. The herbarium serves and develop the gardens, for plant sales native plants and water. This woodland as an important teaching aid and a and as tour guides. serves as the setting for the collections resource for the study of critical groups of wild flowers and many species and of woody plants. A checklist of the In the coming years, we intend to varieties of hardy native ornamental woody collections was periodically present the Arboretum as a good public ferns including a number of English published and disseminated among garden with better amenities and access varieties, arranged in masses and drifts. other gardens and students. Laura to various collections, especially for the As early as the 1930s this collection was Barnes documented relevant information disabled. Living collections of described by fern authorities as about each specimen on index cards as germplasm value, like lilacs and peonies unmatched in range and in display value they were procured, which is still constituting hundreds of predominant in the United States. Over the years, regarded as the authentic accession varieties and cultivars of those periods, Mrs. Barnes continued to demonstrate a record. Detailed location maps were also are being evaluated for research and concern for the environment and prepared for the woody collections, and conservation. Also under consideration extended her hospitality to everyone separate maps for the lilacs and is a plan to participate in the with an interest in gardening, opening peonies. This information and the conservation of native and local flora the gates of the Arboretum to the voucher specimens in the herbarium using the ‘Ker-Feal’ grounds, 137 acres community. serve as the reference resource for of natural woodlands in Chester County, curatorial and research projects. Pennsylvania. The greenhouse will also No account of this Arboretum would be be used for continuing experiments with complete without reference to the Recently, several creative steps were unusual plants, a practice initiated by Arboretum School that Laura Barnes initiated including hiring professional Laura Barnes. Plant records, presently organized in 1940. It was the first of its staff and development of a collections on index cards and registers, need to be kind in the region, conceived to address policy, to renovate and upgrade the updated and computerized. Fifty year’s the lack of opportunity in this part of the Arboretum and its features. The old comprehensive data on the flowering country for serious students to study greenhouse was rebuilt during 2000-02 records of the plants of the Arboretum- horticulture under professional guidance. with climate controls and is being used an invaluable reference document- is Her mission to guide students to better for classes, and for propagation and awaiting publication. It is hoped that the appreciate the aesthetic appeal of plants display of plants, including tropicals. Arboretum at The Barnes Foundation will and gardens, while providing a sound Individual plant tags, descriptive labels continue to serve its aesthetic and scientific and practical base in botany, and directional signs were installed. educational mission as envisaged by its horticulture and landscape design, was Replanting of lost or dead plants has founders. soon realized. She developed an been initiated along with selected new interesting program for training introductions. The fern collection is Jacob Thomas a well-informed horticultural practitioner, being renovated for its historic and The Barnes Foundation which is unique even today in this conservation values. 300 North Latch’s Lane region. Students gain required practical Merion, PA 19066, USA. knowledge and experience by working in A Children’s Garden is being developed Tel: +1 610 664 2937 the Arboretum and greenhouse. Started with vegetables, annuals and a butterfly Fax: +1 610 664 4026 with a faculty of three and five courses, garden. School students who visit The E-mail: [email protected] this program now in its seventh decade, Foundation under the K-12 curriculum Internet: http://www.barnes has a college-level faculty of thirteen or and learning program are making use of foundation.org

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 27 Short Communications

Re-introduction of Native Ex situ conservation of Orchids in Singapore Isonandra villosa (Sapotaceae) at the National Botanical Far right: During the last two years, two native Research Institute, Lucknow, Twig of orchids, Bulbophyllum vaginatum and B. India Isonandra membranaceum have been successfully villosa with propagated and re-introduced by Isonandra villosa Wight is a rare Indian successful air Singapore Botanic Garden. endemic reported, only from Andhra layering Pradesh, Kerala and Tamil Nadu States in India (Nayar & Satry, 1990). Wight described the species from voucher specimens at the Madras Herbarium the NBRI Botanic Garden to provide that had been collected from the material for remedial measures for in Quilon district of Kerala. The date of situ populations. The results of these collection and original habitat of these efforts are summarised below. Right: Using a specimens is not known. This species crane to has not been collected again from the The plants flower profusely but very introduce type locality or adjoining regions in the poor fruit formation and seed setting orchids in recent past. The last collections of this as well as maturation have been Singapore species were made from Nellore observed during the past ten years. A district of Andhra Pradesh and from few seeds were collected in April 1996 Seeds of these species were collected the Kambakam Hills in the Chingalput and sown in the July, but none of them from plants growing in their natural district of Tamil Nadu State in 1923. germinated. habitats. The seeds were sown on A literature search and examination of aseptic media. Seedlings were grown specimens at the herbaria of the Efforts were made to multiply this on the media until 2-3 cm tall before Botanical Survey of India at Kolkata species vegetatively by taking stem being transferred to the nursery. Some (Calcutta) and Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) cuttings, but these failed. Air-layering seedlings were planted on fern bark revealed the extreme rarity of this was attempted in July using rooting measuring 7 by 5 cm. These were species. Some recent exploration hormone. After a period of 30–40 days grown in the nursery for 6 months until parties have reported that it is probably 50–60 per cent rooting was observed. new shoots began to develop, they extinct in its natural habitat. The rooting response was better from were then reintroduced. Suitable trees branches more exposed to sunlight. were selected; fern bark with In the course of preparing inventories Successfully rooted twigs (25–30 cm established seedlings was secured to of the living plant collections at the long) were treated with a 1 per cent the tree trunk by nails. So far, some Botanic Garden of the National solution of a mild fungicide and 500 seedlings have been re-introduced Botanical Research Institute (NBRI), transplanted, at the end of August, into in several locations in Singapore such Lucknow, Isonandra villosa was found pots containing sterilised coarse sand as Pulau Ubin, Sembawang Park, Kent growing successfully, most probably and leaf-mould in a 3:1 ratio. The Ridge Park and Tiong Bahru Park. Over from seed procured in 1972. Ex situ plantlets established within a period of 90 per cent have settled down and are conservation and propagation studies 40–50 days. Transplantation of the growing well in their new home, on this taxon are being carried out in plantlets into the ground was producing new shoots and growing undertaken during the following year’s Right: A onto the bark of the host tree. Several rainy season (years 1999 and 2001 branch of seedlings of B. vaginatum planted in respectively). The plants are growing Isonandra Pulau Ubin have flowered. well and are villosa with under constant flowers in leaf Source: Yam Tim Wing, Aung observation. Their axils (right) Thame, 2004. Re-introduction of germplasm has and fruit in Native Orchids. Gardenwise 23: 8 been provided on leaf axil exchange to (far right) various institutions and organisations.

28 BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 28-29 References Chagual Botanic Garden - Other contributions have been received education and conservation of from government as well as from ➡ Nayar, M.P. & Satry, A.R.K., 1990. native Mediterranean plants private institutions. The Botanic Red Data Book of Indian Plants: Vol from Chile Garden Master Plan was 3. Government of India, Calcutta. commissioned by the Catholic Santiago’s new Botanic Garden is University in Santiago, Chile and will be Anil K. Goel & Kamla Kulshreshtha rapidly taking shape. It will be part of completed by May 2005. An important Plant Conservation & Eco- the Metropolitan Park of Santiago, fund raising campaign is now being education, National Botanical probably the city’s main historical and launched, to secure the financing for Research Institute, Lucknow scenic milestone, with a magnificent future works. 226 001, India. view of the Andes Mountains. The Tel: +91 522 2205831 – 35 Garden will be a centre for the Antonia Echenique Fax: +91 522 2205836 E-mail: conservation of the native plants of Jardín Botánico Chagual de [email protected]; Chile and will help people recognise Santiago [email protected] and value the flora as a part of the E-mail: [email protected] Chilean national identity, culture and Seed germination of Arbutus landscape. unedo L. (Ericaceae) The Botanical Garden will extend over Some ecological factors that could 40 ha (87 acres). It will be organized affect seed germination of Arbutus into three areas: plant collections of the unedo have been studied. The ecosystems of Central Chile (30-38° S); following treatments were applied, 1) thematic gardens highlighting taxonomy Below: Master cold stratification (4ºC), 2) thermal and plants of economic value with a plan of Chagual shock simulating fire effect, 3) “discovery garden” for young children Botanic Garden sulphuric scarification simulating the and other special exhibits; and plants which shows pass through digestive tract of from other regions with Mediterranean the proposed dispersers, and 4) effect of the fruit climates such as South East and South location of the pulp. Sulphuric acid did not affect the West Australia, the South African Cape, plant groups germination capacity nor germination California and the Mediterranean Basin. rate. The remaining treatments The Government has selected the diminished germination capacity; no Chagual Botanic Garden, out of a total germination was observed in the seeds of 800 initiatives, to receive a one of treated with fruit pulp. Results eight “Sello Bicentenario”. This award suggested that fruit pulp inhibits seed will celebrate the bicentenary of Chile’s germination, and that seeds could be independence in 2010 and has been effectively dispersed by endozoochory awarded to initiatives which strengthen and are damaged by fire. the country’s identity as a nation. The Botanic Garden will make a significant Source: Eduardo Narbona, contribution to the enhancement of the Montserrat Arista y Perdo L. Ortiz, nation’s natural heritage. 2003. Germinación de las semillas del madroño (Arbutus unedo L., In the initial stages of this project, seed Ericaceae). Acta Botanica money was received from the United Malacitana 28: 73- 78. Nations Development Project (UNDP).

Left: Model of Chagual Botanic Garden

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 29 Book Notices

Janet Marinelli, 2005 Ian Spellerberg and David Given (ed.), This guide book to the Royal Botanic Plant 2004 Garden Madrid is arranged in 41 stops DK Publishing, New York, USA. Going Native: Making use of New Zealand with information panels in English, French 512 pp. ISBN 075660589X plants and German. The stations describe the Price: US$50.00 excluding postage. Canterbury University Press, history, architecture and plants of the Contact: DK Publishing, 375 Hudson St., Christchurch, 256 pp. garden. For instance, there are stations New York, NY 10014, USA. ISBN 1-877257-13-3 Price: NZ$39.95 describing the greenhouses, labels and Tel: +1 212 213 4800, Order from Canterbury University Press, fountains, the olive (Olea europaea) and Fax: +1 212 689 4828, E-mail: Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New the oak (Quercus ilex), statues in the [email protected], Zealand. Tel: +64 3 364 2914, garden, carnivorous and endemic plants Internet: us.dk.com. Fax: +64 3 364 2044, and plant classification. The guide has E-mail: [email protected], information in Spanish with short notes in This beautiful encyclopedia is designed to Internet: www.cup.canterbury.ac.nz English and is clearly arranged with provide environmental and horticultural beautiful and relevant illustrations. This information so that gardeners can make This book is a celebration of native New book would enhance a visit to the garden the right decisions about what to grow in Zealand plants, their use and and shows how botanic gardens can their gardens. The book highlights the conservation. It is a collection of essays provide a wealth of information to the needs of each plant based on its natural on topics from traditional plant use by public. habitat which shows why certain plants Maori, native plants in art, plant need watering and others need dry chemicals, use of natives for horticulture conditions. This information is then (containers, amenity use, landscape E. Weber, 2004 related to the conservation status in the design, shelter, restoration planting in Invasive Plant Species of the World: wild (if it is threatened and why), which schools), restoration of lowland and A Reference Guide to Environmental highlights the importance of managing coastal habitats and horticulture Weeds habitats and cultivating plants for (propagation, plant distribution and CABI Publishing, UK. 560 pp. ISBN 0 conservation. It also includes a section cultivation of natives and restoration). 85199 695 7. Price £75/ US$140.00 on invasive plants, plant information and The final chapter provides a selection of Copies can be obtained form CABI global habitats. New Zealand native plants with Publishing, CAB International, recommended propagation methods, Wallingford, Oxon OX10 8DE, UK. The Editor-in-chief, Janet Marinelli is environmental tolerance and garden and Tel: +44 (0) 1491 832111, based at Brooklyn Botanic Garden in other uses. The book will lead to an Fax: Tel: +44 (0) 1491 833508, New York, USA. Ms Marinelli is a leading increase in planting and revegetation of E-mail: [email protected], advocate of plant conservation and has natives which is essential for their Internet: www.cabi-publishing.org pioneered the importance of ecological conservation and also a key to the future landscaping and sustainable horticulture. sustainability of most land uses. This book provides a reference guide to This book has been sponsored by BGCI 450 major invasive plant species that are and twenty botanic gardens worldwide It is a stimulating book for anyone working harmful to natural areas. Each species and includes contributions from staff of to conserve a native flora and for has an entry providing information many gardens. A royalty on sales of the information on the propagation, cultivation covering lifeform, synonyms and international edition of this book will and use of New Zealand plants. commercial use, geographic distribution, come to BGCI to support plant habitats invaded, description of conservation worldwide. morphology and importantly, ecology and J. Martínez, O. Fiz, V. Valcárcel and P. control with key references to each This book provides a unique perspective Vargas, 2004 species. It has a useful introduction on which will help us develop horticultural Jardín Botánico de Madrid: Un Paseo invasive plant species with further skills so that we can manage our guido (Botanic Garden of Madrid: a references. environment sustainably. It will be guided walk) Ibersaf, Madrid 304 pp. extremely useful for all botanic gardens ISBN: 84-95803-18-6 Price: €25 The book would be invaluable for a as a reference work for scientists, Orders from Safel Distribución, S.L., garden developing policies on invasive horticulturists and environmental C/ San José, 2, Madrid 28014, Spain. plants within the garden and providing educators. Tel: +44 91 429 95 34, +44 91 429 30 96l, advice to local and regional organisations Fax: +44 91 420 39 48 l 28014, on the control and management of E-mail: [email protected] In Spanish with invasive plants. The book, by providing notes in English baseline information, could also help

30 BGCI • 2005 • BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) • 30-31 horticulturists in botanic gardens identify How can Markets for Ecosystem Services Services Unit, 219c Huntingdon Road, invasive traits; a role for botanic gardens, Benefit the Poor? (Maryanne Grieg-Gran, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. which are often accused of being a IIED and Joshua Bishop, IUCN), Tel: +44 1223 277894, source of invasive plants. This book Reconciling Global and Local Priorities for Fax: +44 1233 277175, would be an important reference work for Conservation and Development (Sonja E-mail: [email protected], a any botanic garden library. Vermeulen, IIED) Sustainable Landscapes Internet: www.iucn.org/bookstore - Linking Conservation and Production (Jeffrey A. McNeely, IUCN), This publication is an analysis of all the Tim Upson and Susyn Andrews, 2004 Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Business species (and their supporting The Genus Lavandula (Annelisa Grigg, Fauna and Flora documentation) listed in the 2004 IUCN Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 442pp. International) and Linking Biodiversity Red List of Threatened Species. The full ISBN 1842460102 Price: £37.50 Conservation and Poverty Reduction to list of species in the IUCN Red List is Order from KewBooks.com, c/o Achieve the Millennium Development available as an on-line searchable Summerfield Books, Main Street, Brough, Goals (Peter Hazlewood, Geeta database accessible via the internet at: Cumbria CA17 4AX, UK. Kulshrestha, and Charles McNeill, UNDP). http://www.iucnredlist.org. This analysis Tel: +44 (0)17683 41577, includes useful figures on topics such as Fax: 44 (0)17683 41687, extinction in recent times, trends in the E-mail: Information: [email protected] Graham Bennett, 2004 status of threatened species, the social or Sales: [email protected] Integrating biodiversity conservation and and economic context of the Red List Internet: kewbooks.com sustainable use: Lessons learned from and the many causes of threat. For ecological networks instance, habitat loss appears to be the This book describes 39 species, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and most pervasive threat, impacting 86 per numerous hybrids and almost 400 Cambridge, UK. 55pp. cent threatened birds, 86 per cent cultivars and brings together the ISBN 2-8317-0765-X threatened mammals and 88 per cent of taxonomy, distribution, history and Available from IUCN Publications threatened amphibians. cultivation of Lavandula. There are Services Unit, 219c Huntingdon Road, chapters on propagation, pests and Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK. diseases, and an overview of the Tel: +44 1223 277894, Romaric Pierrel and Jean-Pierre Reduron commercial products, essential oils and fax: +44 1233 277175, (eds) 2004 plant chemistry. A new infrageneric E-mail: [email protected], Les Herbiers: Un outil d’avenir. Tradition classification is described which splits the Internet: www.iucn.org/bookstore et modernité genus into three subgenera which reflects AFCEV, Villers-lés-Nancy, France. the many different groups of species Habitat fragmentation is one of the 357 pp. ISBN 2-9514620-2-6 found in this genus. In recent years, five greatest threats to biodiversity and Price: €35.00 plus €3.48 postage. new species have been described, along ecosystem function. An ecological To order contact AFCEV, 100 rue du with many infraspecific taxa, from the network is an inter-connected system of jardin botanique, 54600 Villers-lés-Nancy, Arabian Peninsula, north and north-east natural or semi natural landscapes that is France. Tel: +33 (0) 3 83 91 84 93, Africa and the Canary Islands. It is in managed with the objective of Fax: +33 (0)3 83 27 86 59, these regions where the genus is most maintaining or restoring ecological [email protected] diverse, rather than southern Europe services. This book describes systems In French where the most popular garden species throughout the world from industrialised originate. The work will be useful for and developing countries such as the These are the proceedings of a meeting perfumers, aromatherapists, growers and Baltic Ecological Networks (Estonia, organised by AFCEV (L’Association gardeners. Latvia and Lithuania), the Green Wood in Française pour la conservation des the Netherlands, the Tri-DOM in the Espèces Végétales) in cooperation with Congo Basin, the Mesoamerican the Botanical Society of France held in Dilys Roe, 2004 Biological Corridor, Y2Y (Yosemite to Lyon in November, 2002. This collections The Millennium Development Goals and Yukon) in North America and the Terai Arc of papers illustrates the richness and Conservation - Managing Nature’s Wealth Landscap arc in Nepal. These systems scope of floristic research that has been for Society’s Health conserve biodiversity and provide undertaken in France over the last few IIED http://www.meetingthemdgs.org/ sustainable livelihoods for their people. centuries and that herbaria are the most pubs.html important resource of botanical knowledge, representing an invaluable This is an e-book of essays on achieving J.E.M. Baillie, C. Hilton-Taylor and S.N. cultural heritage and an inexhaustible the Millennium Development Goals free Stuart, (eds) 2004 source of data for numerous disciplines on the web. For instance there are useful 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened as well as plant conservation. and thought-provoking papers: Beyond Species. A Global Species Assessment Wildlife - Biodiversity and Human Health IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and The meeting included workshops which (Eric Chivian, Harvard Medical School), Cambridge, UK 191 pp. discussed the management of herbaria Climate Change - Biodiversity and ISBN 2-8317-0826-5 and herbarium data and policies for the Livelihood Impacts (Hannah Reid, IIED), Available from IUCN Publications use of material.

BGjournal • Vol 2 (2) 31 How to join Botanic Gardens Conservation International

The mission of BGCI is to build a Institutions can join BGCI for the following benefits: world network for plant conservation. • Membership of the worldwide plant conservation network It was founded in 1987 and now • Botanic Garden Management Resource Pack (upon joining)* includes over 525 member • Regular publications: institutions in 115 countries, working - the regular newsletter, Cuttings together to implement the - BGjournal – an international journal for botanic gardens (2 per year) International Agenda for Botanic - Roots - environmental education review (2 per year) Gardens in Conservation and the - A wide range of new publications new Global Strategy for Plant • Invitations to BGCI congresses and discounts on registration fees Conservation. • BGCI technical support and advisory services

Institution Membership £ Stlg US $ € Euros

A BGCI Patron Institution 5000 8000 7500 B Institution member (budget more than US$2,250,000) 600 1000 940 C Institution member (budget US$ 1,500,000 - 2,250,000) 440 720 660 D Institution member (budget US$ 750,000 - 1,500,000) 300 500 440 E Institution member (budget US$ 100,000 - 750,000) 160 250 220 F Institution member (budget below US$100,000)* 75 120 110 *Generally applies to institutions in less developed countries

Other Membership Categories: • Regular publications: - the regular newsletter, Cuttings Membership benefits depend on - BGjournal - an international journal for botanic gardens (2 per year) category - see below. These can - Roots - Environmental Education Review (2 per year) include: • Invitations to BGCI congress and discounts on registration fees

Corporate Membership £ Stlg US $ € Euros

G Corporate Gold Member (BGjournal, Roots and Cuttings plus more) 5000 8000 7500 H Corporate Silver Member (BGjournal, Roots and Cuttings plus more) 1000 1600 1500

Individual Membership £ Stlg US $ € Euros

J Conservation donor (BGjournal, Roots and Cuttings plus more) 160 250 220 K Associate member (Cuttings and BGjournal) 356050 L Associate member (Cuttings and Roots) 356050 M Friend (Cuttings) available through online subscription only (www.bgci.org) 10 15 15

*Contents of the Botanic Garden Management Resource Pack: The Darwin Technical Manual for Botanic Gardens, A Handbook for Botanic Gardens on the Reintroduction of Plants to the Wild, A CITES Manual for botanic gardens, BGjournal - an international journal for botanic gardens (2 past issues), Roots - environmental education review (2 past issues), The International Agenda for Botanic Gardens in Conservation, Global Strategy for Plant Conservation, Environmental Education in Botanic Gardens, BG-Recorder (a computer software package for plant records).

Payment may be made by cheque payable to Botanic Gardens Conservation International,or online at www.bgci.org or by VISA/Mastercard sent to BGCI, Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, U.K or Fax: +44 (0) 20 8332 5956.

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Please clearly state your name (or the name of your institution) on all documentation. Please contact [email protected] for further information. Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) PUBLICATIONS LIST 2005

TITLE PRICE POSTAGE Member of Non-member U.K. Europe Rest of World BGCI of BGCI (2nd class) Economy Standard 7-14 days 14-21 days

POLICY Global Strategy for Plant Conservation CBD Secretariat, 2003 Free Free £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £2.00/$4.00 International Agenda for Botanic Gardens in Conservation £6.00 £9.00 £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £2.00 Wyse Jackson & Sutherland (eds, 2000) English, French or Spanish versions €9.00 €13.50 $4.00 $11.50 $17.00 ACTION PLANS Action Plan for Botanic Gardens in the European Union £4.50 £6.50 £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £2.00 Cheney et al. (comp & eds, 2000) English or French versions €7.00 €10.00 $4.00 $8.50 $12.50 MANUALS The Darwin Technical Manual for Botanic Gardens £10.00 £14.00 £2.00 £3.00/€4.50 £5.00 Leadlay & Greene (eds, 1998) English, French or Spanish versions €14.00 €19.50 $9.50 $19.00 26.50 A Handbook for Botanic Gardens on the Reintroduction of Plants to the Wild £3.50 £5.00 £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £1.00 Akeroyd & Wyse Jackson (1995) €5.00 €7.00 $2.00 $6.50 $9.50 A CITES Manual for botanic gardens £3.50 £5.00 £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £1.00 Akeroyd, McGough & Wyse Jackson (eds, 1994) English or Spanish versions €5.00 €7.00 $2.00 $6.50 $9.50 PROCEEDINGS European Botanic Gardens - studies in conservation and education £5.00 £8.00 £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £2.00 (papers from the Eurogard 2000 Congress) Hobson (ed, 2003) CD-ROM €7.00 €12.00 $4.00 $9.50 $15.00 Plants, People and Planet Earth - the role of botanic gardens in £5.00 £8.00 £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £2.00 sustainable living - (5th International Botanic Gardens Conservation €7.00 €12.00 $4.00 Congress) Davis & Scott (comp, 2001) CD-ROM $9.50 $15.00 Conservation into the 21st Century (4th International Botanic Gardens £30.00/€45.00/$57.00 including postage for members or non-members of BGCI Conservation Congress) Touchell et al. (eds, 1997) Botanic Gardens in a Changing World (3rd International Botanic Gardens £5.00 £8.00 £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £2.00 Conservation Congress) Hobson (ed, 1996) diskette €7.00 €12.00 $4.00 $9.50 $15.00 EDUCATION Plants for the Planet BGCI, 2005, CD-ROM £12.00 £18.00 £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £2.00 €18.00 €27.00 $4.00 $23.00 $34.00 Connecting with Plants - Lessons for Life (5th International Congress on £5.00 £8.00 £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £2.00 Education in Botanic Gardens) Hobson (ed, 2004) CD-ROM €7.00 €12.00 $4.00 $9.50 $15.00 Environmental Education in Botanic Gardens: Guidelines for developing £3.50 £5.00 £1.00 £1.00/€1.50 £1.00 individual strategies Willison (ed, 1994) €5.00 €7.00 $2.00 $6.50 $9.50 Teaching for the 21st Century (3rd International Congress on Education in £10.00 £14.00 £2.00 £2.00/€3.00 £3.50 Botanic Gardens) Hobson & Willison (eds, 2001) €14.00 €19.50 $19.00 $26.50 $6.50

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Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, U.K. Tel: +44 (0)20 8332 5953 Fax: +44 (0)20 8332 5956 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.bgci.org

This publication is supported through Investing in Nature A partnership between BGCI, Earthwatch, HSBC and WWF

Printed on 100% recycled paper

ISSN 0965-2582