Wisconsin Native Trees and Shrubs

Mature Moisture Light Height Common Name Scientific Name Preferences Exposure (feet) Notes Wildlife Grouse, deer, Full sun - Fragrant moose,porcupine, game Balsam fir Abies balsamea wm,m Full Shade 40 - 75 Evergreen birds, mice Game birds, squirrel, Full sun - chipmunk, beaver, Red Maple Acer rubrum w,wm,m Part sun 40 - 60 Fast growing deer,bear

Fast growing, Songbirds, deer, Full sun - weak wood, racoon,waterfowl, Silver Maple Acer saccharinum w,wm Part sun 75 - 100 shallow roots squirrel Soil stablizer, neutral to acid Full sun - conditions, fixes Rabbit,moose,muskrat, Specled alder Alnus incana w,wm Part sun 15 - 30 nitrogen grouse, beaver Whiteflowers - April - May An Game Amelanchier Full sun - excellent birds,grouse,skunk,fox, Serviceberry arborea wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 20 -30 landscape tree racoon

White flowers - May Orange fall Full sun - color Excellent Birds,bear,squirrel,chipm Smooth juneberry Amelanchier laevis wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 20 - 30 landscape plant unk,deer,moose Attractive white flower clusters in American May & bright Late winter food for Highbush Full sun - orange fruits in songbirds, pheasant, wild Viburnum trilobum cranberry wm,m Part sun 10 - 13' fall turkey, whitetail deer Blue flowers, May - August; takes 2-3 yrs for transplants to mature;does Amorpha very well on dry Leadplant canescens m,dm,d Full sun 1-3 sandy sites Butterflies and Bees

Violet flowers - May - June Best Indigobush; False Full sun - grown in thicket - indigo Amorpha fruticosa w,wm,m Full Shade 6 - 12 not very showy Birds,small mammals Pinkish flowers - May - June Broadleaf Andromeda evergreen, found Bog rosemary glaucophylla w,wm Full sun 1 - 1.5 in Bogs Birds,voles **White flowers - May; Red fall color; Colonial, Game Aronia Full sun - may be birds,grouse,deer,bear, Black chokeberry melanocarpa w,wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 3 - 6 aggressive songbirds,rabbit

March 2016 1 Wisconsin Native Trees and Shrubs

Mature Moisture Light Height Common Name Scientific Name Preferences Exposure (feet) Notes Wildlife

Game birds, Betula Full sun - Useful in large moose,deer,beaver, Yellow birch alleghaniensis w,wm,m Part sun 60 - 80 spaces squirrel Golden-yellow fall color, Bronze River birch Betula nigra w, wm,m,dm,d Full sun 50 - 70 exfoliating bark Songbirds,moose, hare

Yellow fall color, Full sun - Prefers cool soil, Paper birch Betula papyrifera wm,m,dm,d Part sun 40 shallow roots Songbirds,moose, hare

Full sun - Acid conditions, Songbirds,moose,hare, Bog birch Betula pumila w - wm Part sun 6 found in bogs porcupine Yellow, red, Carpinus Full sun - orange fall color Game birds, American hornbeam caroliniana wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 20 - 30 Beautiful deer,rabbit,squirrel

May live to be Full sun- 200-300 years Nuts for wide variety of Shagbark hickory Carya ovata wm,m part sun 60 - 100' old wildlife White flowers - July Taprooted, do not try to Ceanothus Full sun - transplant; Butterflies,hummingbird,t New Jersey tea americanus dm - d Part sun 2-3 fragrant urkey,rabbit,deer

American Orange red fruits bittersweet Celastrus Full sun - in fall Songbirds,gamebirds, (See Note 4) scandens wm,m,dm,d Part sun 20 + poisonous vine rabbit,squirrel

Yellow fall color; corky bark Edible fruits; a medium to fast Game birds, Full sun - growing, long- squirrel,racoon, Hackberry Celtis occidentalis wm,m,dm,d Part sun 60 - 100 lived tree songbirds,deer White flowers - August Withstands Cephalanthus Full sun - seasonal Hummingbirds,deer, Buttonbush occidentalis w,wm Part sun 6 - 12 inundation duck,birds,beaver

March 2016 2 Wisconsin Native Trees and Shrubs

Mature Moisture Light Height Common Name Scientific Name Preferences Exposure (feet) Notes Wildlife

Magenta-pink to lavendar flowers Butterflies & Full sun - in spring before hummingbirds enjoy the Eastern redbud Ceris canadensis wm, m, dm Part sun 30' leaves emerge nectar White flowers - April - June Acidic soil; broadleaf evergreen, pond Chamaedaphne margins; forms Grouse,hare,deer, Leather-leaf calyculata w,wm Full sun 1 - 4 thickets moose,moths Yellow-white flowers - June Not showy; use Full sun - in mass Songbirds,deer,bear, Silky dogwood Cornus amomum w,wm,m,dm,d Part sun 6 - 12 plantings skunk,squirrel,mice White flowers - May - July;red berries; acidic soils; attractive Full sun - low ground Bunchberry Cornus canadensis w,wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 0.2 - 0.6 cover Songbirds,gamebirds **White flowers- May - June;red twigs - winter Cornus sericea Full sun - Can be Songbirds,gamebirds, Red-osier dogwood (stolonifera) w,wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 6 - 12 aggressive deer,beaver,rabbit

**Yellow fall color;edible nuts Can form dense Part sun- thickets; soil Chipmunk,squirrel,jays, American hazelnut Corylus americana wm,m,dm,d Full shade 8 - 15 stablizer grouse,racoon

Fragrant spidery American witch Hamamelis Full sun - 1" flowers late Deer do not show interest hazel virginiana wm, m, dm Full Shade 15-20 Sept - Nov. in this tree

Shubby St.John's Hypericum Full sun- Yellow blooms Wort prolificum wm, m, dm part sun 2-4' for 2 months Attracts bees

Red berries-fall & winter; Yellow Part sun - fall color; Acidic Birds,deer,squirrel,bear,m Winterberry Ilex verticillata w,wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 3 - 12 soil ice,racoon Evergreen;great Juniperus on hot, dry Game birds,deer,moose, Common juniper communis dm - d Full sun 1.5 - 6 slopes songbirds

March 2016 3 Wisconsin Native Trees and Shrubs

Mature Moisture Light Height Common Name Scientific Name Preferences Exposure (feet) Notes Wildlife Yellow fall color;Neutal to acid conditions;decid uous;needle- Grouse,deer,porcupine, Tamarack Larix laricina w,wm,m Full sun 40 -80 Whiteleaved flowers- tree hare,squirrel,grouse May-June;Acidic Ledum Full sun- conditions;broadl Labrador Tea groenlandicum w,wm Part sun 1-4 eaf evergreen Deer, moose, game birds

Long lived, Over 20 species of birds, Part sun - nicely shaped deer, rabbits, racoons eat Spicebush Lindera benzoin wm, m, dm Full Shade 5 - 10 Yellowshrub fall leaves & fruit color;dry leaves persist in winter;common Grouse,deer,rabbit, Ironwood Ostrya virginiana wm,m,dm,d Part sun 35 - 60 understoryUpright tree game birds,squirrel spreading shrub Ruffled grouse, Physocarpus with stiffly songbirds, nesting birds, Common ninebark opulifolius dm - d Full sun 5 - 10 arched branches small mammals

Evergreen; Squirrel,songbirds, White spruce Picea glauca wm - m Full sun 40 - 75 Pyramidal habit deer,chipmunk

Evergreen;grows Squirrel,porcupine, Full sun - in sphagnum chipmunk,deer, Black spruce Picea mariana w,wm Full Shade 30 - 70 bogs;acidic soils songbirds Squirrel,porcupine, Full sun - Evergreen;fast- chipmunk,deer, Red pine Pinus resinosa wm,m,dm,d Part sun 120 growing songbirds

Squirrel,gamebirds, Full sun - Evergreen;Fast- chipmunk,deer, White pine Pinus strobus wm,m,dm,d Part sun 210 growing songbirds

Seeds eaten by wildlife; Rapid growth, hollows of old trees Plantanus Full sun - tolerates wet & nesting sites for birds & American Sycamore occidentalis wm,m,dm,d Part sun 75-90' compacted soils animals Fragrant spring bloom; Songbirds,deer, forms a tall chipmunk,bees,small Wild plum Prunus americana dm,d Full sun 10 - 15 thicket;excellent mammals

March 2016 4 Wisconsin Native Trees and Shrubs

Mature Moisture Light Height Common Name Scientific Name Preferences Exposure (feet) Notes Wildlife White flowers- May; Yellow-red fall color;colonial; beautiful winter Prunus Full sun - silhouette;fruit Deer,rabbit,moose, Pin cherry pensylvanica wm,m,dm,d Part sun 10 - 30 used in jellies bear,chipmunk White flowers- May; Yellow-red Full sun - fall color;edible Raccoon,songbirds, Black cherry Prunus serotina wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 75 fruits gamebirds,hare,mice White flowers - May; red fall color; edible Full sun - fruits; fragrant Squirrel,songbirds, Chokecherry Prunus virginiana wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 30 flowers skunk

Purplish-red fall Full sun - color; prized Porcupine,raccoon, White oak Quercus alba wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 60 - 80 hardwood gamebirds

Poor fall color, Full sun - easily Wood duck, Swamp white oak Quercus bicolor w,wm,m Part sun 75 - 100 transplanted songbirds,squirrel, deer Holds leaves in winter; excellent Quercus Full sun - for dry sandy Songbirds,fox,bear, Northern pin oak ellipsoidalis wm,m,dm,d Part sun 50 - 75 sites rabbit,hare Corky bark; yellow-brown fall color; this majestic native tree should be Quercus planted more Chipmunk,moths,mice, Bur oak macrocarpa wm,m,dm,d Full sun 70 - 80 often beaver,gopher Red-brown fall color, fast- growing Full sun - suceptible to oak- Waterfowl, turkey, Red oak Quercus rubra wm,m,dm,d Part sun 150 wilt muskrat Yellow or white flowers- April- June; Not prickly;do not plant near white Black currant Ribes americanum wm,m Full sun 4 pine

March 2016 5 Wisconsin Native Trees and Shrubs

Mature Moisture Light Height Common Name Scientific Name Preferences Exposure (feet) Notes Wildlife White flowers, May- June;edible fruits;plant in out Bear,deer,rabbit,game Rubus Full sun - of the way birds, Common blackberry allegheniensis wm,m,dm,d Part sun 1.5-7 places turtles,songbirds,fox

White flowers, May- June;edible fruits;plant in out Black raspberry Full sun- of the way Bear,deer,rabbit,game (Black-cap) Rubus occidentalis wm,m Part sun 6 places birds,songbirds,fox

**Pussy willow branches in spring;Bank soil stabilizer; many different types - Check scientific Deer, rabbit, grouse, Pussy willow Salix discolor w,wm Full sun 15 - 20 name! moose, beaver, birds **Narrow leaves, deep green;Spreads by rhizomes;easily transplanted - Check scientific Muskrat, porcupine, Sandbar willow Salix exigua w,wm Full sun 4.5 - 9 name! beaver, deer squirrel

**Dull yellow fall color;Suitable for wide range of Full sun - habitats; Check Muskrat, porcupine, Prairie willow Salix humilis w,wm,m,dm,d Part sun 3 - 9 ScientificMany different name! beaver, game birds types-Check Scientific name! Yellow fall color;Thrives in Full sun- wet lakeshore Game birds, squirrel, Black willow Salix nigra w,wm Part sun 35 - 50 soils. birds, rabbit

White fragrant flowers-June- July;dark berry clustes, spreads by rhizomes;easy to Song birds, game birds, Sambucus Full sun - transplant;edible deer, mice, insects, Common elderberry canadensis w,wm,m,dm Full Shade 3 - 12 fruit chipmunk

March 2016 6 Wisconsin Native Trees and Shrubs

Mature Moisture Light Height Common Name Scientific Name Preferences Exposure (feet) Notes Wildlife White flowers - May - June;red fruits-summer; flowers and ripe fruit edible; all Song birds, game birds, Part sun - other parts insects, rabbit, squirrel, Red-berried elder Sambucus pubens wm - m Full Shade 8 - 10 poisonous moose White flowers- July- Sept;Orange fall color; fragrant; use to prevent Full sun - erosion at Deer, song birds, Meadowsweet Spiraea alba w,wm Part sun 2 - 5 waters edge butterflies, moth, insects

Pink flowers - July;fragrants;us e to prevent Song birds, game birds, Spiraea tomentosa Full sun - erosion at waterfowl, small Steeplebush var. rosea w - wm Part sun 4 waters edge mammals Pink flowers;white fruit-Sept- Nov;forms Song birds, upland game Symphoricarpos Part sun - extensive birds, small/large Snowberry albus dm - d Full Shade 3 - 6 colonies mammals

Evergreen;fibrou s exfoliating Northern white cedar Full sun - bark;great Deer, moose, rabbit, red (Eastern arbervita) Thuja occidentalis w,wm,m Part sun 40 - 60 screening tree squirrel, song birds Fragrant flowers- June;yellow fall color;rapid Full sun - growing shade Bees, squirrel,chipmunk, Basswood Tilia americana wm,m Part sun 60 - 100 tree deer, mice Evergreen,pend ulous brances;acidic soils;shallow- Full sun - rooted;requires Song birds, deer, Hemlock Tsuga canadensis wm,m Full Shade 75 cool soils squirrel,chipmunk, moose

Cream flowers- June;Orange- red fall color;edible fruit in late Bear, muskrat, skunk, Vaccinium Full sun - summer;nice deer, game birds, song Blueberry augustifolium wm,m,dm,d Part sun 0.5 - 2 landscape shrub birds, fox

March 2016 7 Wisconsin Native Trees and Shrubs

Mature Moisture Light Height Common Name Scientific Name Preferences Exposure (feet) Notes Wildlife Prefers acidic soil, begins Deer,rabbit,upland game Vaccinium Full sun- fruiting in third birds, song birds, Canada Blueberry myrtilloides m,dm,d Part sun 0.3 - 3 year mammals Black fruit;purple- red fall color;many Full sun - attributes;edible Song birds, game birds, Nannyberry Viburnum lentago wm,m Full Shade 15 - 35 fruit small mammals, beaver red fruit holds through winter;fruit can Full sun - be made into Birds, mammals, High-bush cranberry Viburnum opulus w,wm,m Part sun 6 - 16 jelly grouse,pheasant Maroon-purple Grouse, songbirds, Viburnum Full sun - fall color;many chipmunk, bear, fox, Downy arrowwood rafinesquianum wm,m,dm,d Full Shade 3 - 6 attributes insects

Notes: 1. Moisture Preferences: w = wet, wm = wet-mesic, m = mesic, dm = dry mesic, d = dry 2. Exposure: Full Sun = at least 8 hours per day, Part-Sun = at least 4 hours per day, Shade = no direct sun 3. Always order by scientific name. 4. Caution: American bittersweet (Celastrus scandens) is a great native; Oriental bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) is an invasive species that has been restricted in Wisconsin (NR40) and therefore is illegal to plant.

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