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Country Report of the Land Degradation Neutrality Target Setting Programme

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Country Report of the Land Degradation Neutrality Target Setting Programme KINGDOM OF SWAZILAND Country Report of the Land Degradation Neutrality Target Setting Programme BY: T. DLAMINI, LDN TSP CONSULTANT UNCCD NATIONAL FOCAL POINT NATIONAL WORKING GROUP MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE FEBRUARY 2018 2 The objective of the final report is to provide a brief and concise synthesis of the national LDN target setting process by summarizing LDN outputs and outcomes achieved and documented during the process. Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Biophysical Characteristics ............................................................................................................................................ 7 1.2 Socio-Economic Factors ................................................................................................................................................ 7 2. LEVERAGING LDN IN SWAZILAND ................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Interest of Country in LDN ............................................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 Link between LDN, achieving SDGs and other commitments ...................................................................................... 9 2.3 Leverage opportunities identified ............................................................................................................................... 10 2.4 LDN National Working Group – issues discussed and agreed upon ........................................................................... 12 2.4.1 Inception Meeting ................................................................................................................................................ 12 2.4.2 First Meeting of the National Working Group ..................................................................................................... 13 2.4.3 Second Meeting of the National Working Group ................................................................................................ 13 3. ASSESSING LDN ............................................................................................................................................................. 14 3.1 Land degradation trends and drivers .......................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.1 Land Cover Change .............................................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.2 Land Productivity Dynamics ................................................................................................................................. 16 3.1.3 Soil Organic Carbon .............................................................................................................................................. 18 3.2 LDN Institutional and Legal Environment ................................................................................................................... 19 3.3 SWOT Analysis of LDN Related Policies, Legislation and Regulations in Swaziland .................................................... 20 3.4 LDN Baseline ............................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.5 Land Degradation Hotspots ........................................................................................................................................ 22 4. SETTING LDN TARGETS .................................................................................................................................................. 25 4.1 LDN Targets ................................................................................................................................................................. 25 5. ACHIEVING LDN TARGETS ............................................................................................................................................. 25 5.1 Associated measures to achieve LDN ......................................................................................................................... 25 6. ACHIEVING LDN ............................................................................................................................................................. 27 6.1 Leverage achieved ....................................................................................................................................................... 27 6.2 LDN Relevant Initiatives and Projects - Quick-wins .................................................................................................... 27 3 6.3 LDN transformative projects and programmes opportunities identified ................................................................... 28 6.3.1 Donor supported projects and national initiatives which are relevant to the LDN TSP in Swaziland ................. 28 6.3.2 Proposed Strategy towards the Design of a LDN Transformative Project ........................................................... 29 7. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................................................................... 30 ANNEXES ............................................................................................................................................................................... 32 Annex 1: Membership, roles and responsibilities of the Swaziland LDN NWG .................................................................... 32 Annex 2: Dates of working group meetings and workshops ................................................................................................ 36 Annex 3: High Level Note ...................................................................................................................................................... 37 Annex 4: List of reports submitted ....................................................................................................................................... 39 Annex 5: LDN related policies and legislation in Swaziland .................................................................................................. 40 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) acknowledges the participation and active guidance of the Land Degradation Neutrality Targets Setting Programme (LDN TSP). The preparation of the report was coordinated by the National Consultant, Titus Dlamini. Gratitude is extended to the UNCCD National Focal Point, Bongani Masuku and Bongani Magongo who were responsible for managing the LDN TSP and chairing meetings of the National working Group. The National Stakeholders are appreciated for participating in various stages of the process and providing comments on drafts. MoA and the author wish to acknowledge the invaluable contributions made by members of the National Working Group who provided valuable inputs to this document through discussing and approving analytical reports, draft national targets and measures for achieving LDN in Swaziland. These include: Bongani Masuku, Bongani Magongo, Jameson Vilakati, Sipho Matsebula, Solomon Gamedze, Dudu Masina, Mduduzi Gamedze, Sanelisiwe Mamba, Wisdom Dlamini, Sandile Gumedze, Nomsa Mabila, Gcina Dlamini, Absalom Manyatsi, Zodwa Ndlela, Boniface Makhubu, Mandla Mlipha, Sipho Shiba, Mandla Mkhonta, Bhekisisa Mkhonta, Jabulani Tsabedze, Vusi Simelane, Njabulo Dlamini, Nhlanhla Nxumalo, Ndumiso Maasimula, Harry van den Burg and Rex Brown. Further tribute is due to the UNCCD GM, Sven Walter, Aurelie Lhumeau, and Simeon Hengari who guided the setting of LDN Targets, and provided constructive guidance and peer review of various analytical reports. 5 SUMMARY As a small landlocked developing country, Swaziland faces many challenges caused by land degradation, drought and climate variability. Left unaddressed, the challenges could easily undermine the country’s economic potential, as demonstrated by the recent devastating El Nino drought which caused huge financial and environmental losses to the southern Africa Region, including Swaziland. Realizing such challenges, Swaziland voluntarily joined the Land Degradation Neutrality Target Setting Programme (LDN TSP), with the aim to reach a state whereby the amount and quality of land resources, necessary to support ecosystem functions and services and enhance food security remains stable or increases within its territory by 2030. A concerted effort has been made by various LDN stakeholders and partners to reflect on the causes and impacts of land degradation in the country, with a view to address them. A close collaboration was formed between the Ministry of Agriculture, the LDN National Working Group and various stakeholders which were made up of individual’s experts, government representatives, civil society, academia community, United Nations (UN) Agencies and the
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