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Female Identity in Henry James and Gregorios

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SILENCED VOICES: FEMALE IDENTITY IN HENRY JAMES AND GREGORIOS XENOPOULOS by Maria Basli A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of American Literature and Culture, School of English, Faculty of Philosophy, in Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ARISTOTLE UNIVERSITY OF THESSALONIKI GREECE 2007 SILENCED VOICES: FEMALE IDENTITY IN HENRY JAMES AND GREGORIOS XENOPOULOS by Maria Basli has been approved May 2007 Dissertation Committee: APPROVED: Youli Theodosiadou, Supervisor Georgia Farinou - Malamatari, Co-Adviser Yiorgos Kalogeras, Co-Adviser Department Chairperson: ACCEPTED: Yiorgos Kalogeras To my family: my husband, Thanassis, and my son, Nikolas Works Cited Primary sources James, Henry. The Bostonians. London: Penguin, 2000. The Portrait of a Lady. London: Penguin, 1984. The Tragic Muse. London: Penguin, 1995. Xenopoulos, Gregorios. Mistiki Arravones [Secret Engagements]. Athens: Vlassi, 1984. I Trimorfi Gineka [The Three-Sided Woman]. Athens: Vlassi, 1984. The Three-Sided Woman. Trans. Barbara Kent. Athens: Vlassi, 1992. O Sizigos tis Theatrinas [The Actress’s Husband]. Athens: Vlassi, 1984. Secondary sources Agras, Tellos. Critica. Tomos 3. Morfes kai kimena tis pezografias [Criticism Texts. Vol. 3. Personalities and Texts of Fiction]. Athens: Ermis, 1984. Amilitou, Eftihia. “Isagogi.” Nikolas Sogalos [“Introduction” Nikolas Sigalos] Athens: Ε.Λ.Ι.Α. [National Literature and History Archive], 2002. 11-93. “Apospasmata Criticou kai Autocriticou Logou sta Mithistorimata tou Grigoriou Xenopoulou.” Grigorios Xenopoulos, Peninta Chronia apo to Thanato Enos Athanatou. (1951-2001) [“Excerpts of Critique and Self- Critique in Gregorios Xenopoulos’s Novels.” Conference Proceedings, November 28-29, 2001: Gregorios Xenopoulos. Fifty Years since the Death of an Immortal. (1951-2001)]. Athens: Ε.Λ.Ι.Α. [National Literature and History Archive], 2003. 217-246. 323 Anamnistico Teuhos gia tin Theatriki Triakontaethrida tou Grigoriou Xenopoulou (1895 –1925) [Commemorative issue for the Thirtieth Theatrical Anniversary of Gregorios Xenopoulos (1895 – 1925)]. Athens: Greek Dramatists’ Association, 1925. Andres, Sophia. “Narrative Instability in The Portrait of a Lady: Isabel on the Edge of the Social.” The Journal of Narrative Technique 24. 1 (1994): 43-54. Ardis, Ann L. New Women, New Novels. Feminism and Early Modernism. New Brunswick: Rutgers UP, 1990. Ash, Beth Sharon. “Frail Vessels and Vast Designs: A Psychoanalytic Portrait of Isabel Archer.” New Essays on the Portrait of a Lady. Ed. Joel Porte. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990. 123-162. Asimakopoulos, Costas. “Adikimenos kai Adikaiotos” [“Wronged and not Vindicated”]. Theatro 59-60 (1977): 122 – 123. Auchincloss, Louis. “The International Situation: The Portrait of a Lady.” The Portrait of a Lady. Henry James. Ed. Robert D. Bamberg. A Norton Critical Edition, 1975. 720-728. Auerbach, Nina. Romantic Imprisonment. New York : Columbia UP, 1985. Private Theatricals: The Lives of the Victorians. Harvard UP, 1990. Avdela, Efi and Angelica Psara. “Isagogi.” O Feminismos stin Ellada tou Mesopolemou. Mia Anthologia [“Introduction” Feminism in Mid-War Greece. An Anthology]. Athens: Gnosi, 1985. 2 – 97. Bakalaki, Alexandra and Eleni Elegmitou. I Ekpedeysi “is ta tou Ikou” kai ta Ginekia Kathikonta [The Housework Education and the Women’s Duties]. Athens: Historical Archive of the Greek Youth. General Secretariat of the New 324 Generation, 1987. Baker, Michael. The Rise of the Victorian Actor. London: Croom Helm, 1978. Baloumis, Epaminondas. Ithografico Diegima. Kinoniko-istoriki Prosegissi [Ithografico Deigima. A Socio-Historical Approach]. Athens: Bouras, 1985. Baym, Nina. “Melodramas of Beset Manhood: How Theories of American Fiction Exclude Women Authors.” The New Feminist Criticism. Ed.Elaine Showalter. New York: Pantheon, 1985. 63-80. “Revision and Thematic Change in The Portrait of a Lady.” The Portrait of a Lady. Henry James. Ed.Robert D. Bamberg. A Norton Critical Edition, 1975. 620-634. Woman’s Fiction. A Guide to Novels by and about Women in America 1820-70. Urbana: U of Illinois P, 1993. Beaton, Roderick. An Introduction to Modern Greek Literature. Oxford:: Oxford UP, 1994. Bell, Michael Davitt. The Problem of American Realism. Studies in the Cultural History of a Literary Idea. Chicago: The U of Chicago P, 1993. Bell, Millicent. “Isabel Archer and the Affronting of Plot.” The Portrait of a Lady. Henry James. Ed.Robert D. Bamberg. A Norton Critical Edition, 1975. 748-783. “Woman in the Jamesian Eye.” The Mercantile Library’s Lecture Series and Publications. The Center for World Literature at the Mercantile Library of New York. Bender, Bert. The Descent of Love. Darwin and the Theory of Sexual Selection in American Fiction, 1871-1926. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1996. Benhabib, Seyla and Drucilla Cornell. “Introduction.” Praxis International 5. 4 325 (1986): 365. Blackmur, R. P. “Introduction.” Henry James: The Tragic Muse. New York: Dell, 1961. 5-15. “The Portrait of a Lady.” Perspectives on James’s The Portrait of a Lady. A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. William T. Stafford. New York: New York UP, 1967. 247-255. Blair, Sara. Henry James and the Writing of Race and Nation. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996. Blau DuPlessis, Rachel. “For the Etruscans.” The New Feminist Criticism. Ed. Elaine Showalter. New York: Pantheon, 1985. 271-291. Boorstin, Daniel J. “Introduction.” Democracy in America by Alexis De Tocqueville. New York: Vintage Classics, 1990. vii-xi. Bradley, John R.,ed. Henry James and Homo-Erotic Desire. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1999. “British Quarterly Review 83 (April 1886), 480-81.” Henry James. The Contemporary Reviews. Ed. Kevin J. Hayes. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996. 160. Brondé, Charlotte. Shirley. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1979. Brook, Thomas. American Literary Realism and the Failed Promise of Contract. Berkeley: U of California P, 1998. Budd, Louis J. “The American Background.” The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism: Howells to London. Ed. Donald Pizer. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1995. 21-46. Budick, Emily Miller. “James’s Portrait of Female Skepticism.” The Henry James Review 12. 2 (1991): 154-58. 326 Cady, Edwin H. “ ‘Realism’: Toward a Definition.” Documents of American Realism And Naturalism. Ed. Donald Pizer. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1988. 324-335. “Californian 5 (January 1882), 86-87.” Henry James. The Contemporary Reviews. Ed. Kevin J. Hayes. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996. 138-140. Chambers-Schiller, Lee Virginia. Liberty, A Better Husband. Yale UP, 1984. Chandler, Katherine. “Purchase of Power: The Conclusion of The Bostonians.” English Language Notes 32.3 (March 1995): 46-54. Chase, Richard. “The Lesson of the Master.” Perspectives on James’s The Portrait of a Lady. A Collection of Critical Essays. Ed. William T. Stafford. New York: New York UP, 1967. 148-165. Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. Broomall, PA: Chelsea, 1999. “Chronologio, Grigorios Xenopoulos (1867 – 1951)” [“Agenda, Gregorios Xenopoulos (1867 – 1951)]. Theatrica Tetradia [Theatrical Notebooks] 21 (1991): 3 – 4. Cixous, Hélène. “Sorties” Feminisms. Eds. Sandra Kemp and Judith Squires. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1997. Cogan, Frances B. All-American Girl: The Ideal of Real Womanhood in Mid- Nineteenth-Century America. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1989. Coward, Rosalind. Patriarchal Precedents. London: Routledge, 1983. Corbett, Mary Jean. Representing Femininity. New York: Oxford UP, 1992. Cott, Nancy F. The Bonds of Womanhood: “Woman’s Sphere” in New England, 1780-1835. New Haven: Yale UP, 1977. Daniel, Robert L. American Women in the 20th Century. The Festival of Life. San 327 Diego: Harcourt, 1987. Darwin, Charles. The Descent of Man. New York: Prometheus, 1997. Daugherty, Sarah B. “ James and the Ethics of Control: Aspiring Architects and Their Floating Creatures” Enacting History in Henry James: Narrative, Power, and Ethics. Ed. Gert Buelens. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1997. 61-74. Davidson, Cathy N. Revolution and the Word. The Rise of the Novel in America. New York: Oxford UP, 1986. Degler, Carl. At Odds: Women and the Family in America. New York: Oxford UP, 1980. D’Emilio, John and Freedman, Estelle B. Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America. New York: Harper, 1988. Delveroudi, Eliza-Anna. “O Xenopoulos ston kinimatografo: O Kokkinos Vrahos (1949) tou Grigori Grigoriou.” Conference Proceedings, November 28-29, 2001: Gregorios Xenopoulos. Fifty Years since the Death of an Immortal. (1951-2001)]. Athens: Ε.Λ.Ι.Α. [National Literature and History Archive], 2003. 189 – 203. Dickenson, Donna. “Introduction” Margaret Fuller: Woman in the Nineteenth Century and Other Writings. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994. vii- xxix. Dijkstra Bram. Idols of Perversity: Fantasies of Feminine Evil in Fin-de- Siècle Culture. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1986. Douglas, Ann. The Feminization of American Culture. New York: Knopf, 1977. Dimaras, C. The Modern Greek Literature. Trans. Mary P. Gianos. Albany, New York: State U of New York P, 1972. Istoria tis Neoellinikis Logotehnias [History of Modern Greek Literature]. 328 Athens: Ikaros, 1975. Edel, Leon, ed. Literary Criticism, I: Essays on Literature, American Writers; English Writers. New York: Library of America, 1984. , ed. The Selected Letters of Henry James. New York: Farrar, 1955. “ Introduction.” Henry James: The Tragic Muse. New York: Harper, 1960. Farinou - Malamatari, Georgia. “To para-kimeno tis Pezographias tou Xenopoulou” [“The Para-text of Xenopoulos’ fiction”]. Nea Estia 150. 1738 (2001): 372- 402. “Anagnostes
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    George Hermonymus Melchior Wolmar Janus Lascaris Guillaume Budé Peter Brook Jean Toomer Mullah Nassr Eddin Osho (Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh) Jerome of Prague John Wesley E. J. Gold Colin Wilson Henry Sinclair, 2nd Baron Pent... Olgivanna Lloyd Wright P. L. Travers Maurice Nicoll Katherine Mansfield Robert Fripp John G. Bennett James Moore Girolamo Savonarola Thomas de Hartmann Wolfgang Capito Alfred Richard Orage Damião de Góis Frank Lloyd Wright Oscar Ichazo Olga de Hartmann Alexander Hegius Keith Jarrett Jane Heap Galen mathematics Philip Melanchthon Protestant Scholasticism Jeanne de Salzmann Baptist Union in the Czech Rep... Jacob Milich Nicolaus Taurellus Babylonian astronomy Jan Standonck Philip Mairet Moravian Church Moshé Feldenkrais book Negative theologyChristian mysticism John Huss religion Basil of Caesarea Robert Grosseteste Richard Fitzralph Origen Nick Bostrom Tomáš Štítný ze Štítného Scholastics Thomas Bradwardine Thomas More Unity of the Brethren William Tyndale Moses Booker T. Washington Prakash Ambedkar P. D. Ouspensky Tukaram Niebuhr John Colet Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī Panjabrao Deshmukh Proclian Jan Hus George Gurdjieff Social Reform Movement in Maha... Gilpin Constitution of the United Sta... Klein Keohane Berengar of Tours Liber de causis Gregory of Nyssa Benfield Nye A H Salunkhe Peter Damian Sleigh Chiranjeevi Al-Farabi Origen of Alexandria Hildegard of Bingen Sir Thomas More Zimmerman Kabir Hesychasm Lehrer Robert G. Ingersoll Mearsheimer Ram Mohan Roy Bringsjord Jervis Maharaja Sayajirao Gaekwad III Alain de Lille Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud Honorius of Autun Fränkel Synesius of Cyrene Symonds Theon of Alexandria Religious Society of Friends Boyle Walt Maximus the Confessor Ducasse Rāja yoga Amaury of Bene Syrianus Mahatma Phule Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Qur'an Cappadocian Fathers Feldman Moncure D.