The Japanese had a deep respect for nature due to their geography

Tsunami Tsunami 2 • How do you think that played into their early religion? • How do you think that played into their early religion?

• Polytheistic

• SHINTOISM Yamato Period: 300-710

Began promoting the adoption of Chinese culture:

 Confucianism.  Language  Buddhism  Chinese art & architecture.  Strong Government “Great Kings” era Heian Period: 700’s-1100’s

Characteristics:  Growth of large estates.(Nobles)  Arts & literature of China flourished.  Elaborate court life [highly refined] . ETIQUETTE.   Great novel  The Tale of Genji by Lady Murasaki Shikibu [1000 pgs.+]  Heian Court Dress Tale of Genji (first novel) Tale of Genji Scroll (first novel)

Heian Period: Selective Borrowing

1.Chinese writing.

2.Chinese artistic styles.

3.Buddhism [ZEN].

4.BUT, not the Chinese civil service system!  Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service.

Europe:

King Land - Fief Loyalty

Land - Fief Lord Lord Loyalty

Knight Knight Knight Food Protection Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant Feudalism A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan:

Shogun Land - Shoen Loyalty

Land - Shoen Daimyo Daimyo Loyalty

Samurai Samurai Samurai Food Protection Peasant Peasant Peasant Peasant The emperor reigned, but did not always rule! Feudal Society

Medieval Warriors

vs.

European knight Samurai Warrior Medieval Warriors

vs.

Knight’s Armor Samurai Armor Code of Bushido

* Respect for opponent * Politeness * Loyalty * Discipline Seppuku: Ritual Suicide

It is honorable to die in this way. Kaishaku – his “seconds” Full Samurai Attire Samurai Sword

Early Mounted Samurai Warriors Underpinnings: Basic Steps in Self Defense

A COTTON BREECH CLOUT A SHORT SLEEVED KIMONO, that extended up over the or “armor robe,” was tied chest was the basic snugly at the waist with a undergarment of a samurai’s special knot (lower right) costume BILLOWING PANTALOONS, worn over the armor robe, fitted loosely in the legs to allow freedom of movement

AN EXQUISITE BROCADE, richly STURDY worked with a SHINGUARDS design of peonies, of cloth or was one of the leather were extravagant reinforced with materials used in strips of iron an armor robe to give that may have protection been made for a th from the front 14 Century imperial prince Samurai Charging Modern-Day “Samurai Warriors” Zen Buddhism

 A Japanese variation of the Mahayana form of Buddhism, which came from India through China.  It reinforced the Bushido values of mental and self- discipline. A Zen Buddhism Symbol

Zen Buddhism places an emphasis on mindful acceptance of the present moment, spontaneous action, and letting go of self-conscious and judgmental thinking. Mongol “Invasion” of Japan

4,400 ships and 140,000 men, but kamikaze winds stopped them. C

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S Osaka Castle Main Gate of Hiroshima Castle Caernorfon Castle, Wales Warwick Castle, England R O E N S The Age of the Warring States: (1467 - 1568)

 Castles built on hills in different provinces.

 Power shifts from above to below.

 Europeans arrive in Japan  bringing firearms & Christianity.

 Christianity & foreign trade flourish. • Made into a video game 

•The Three Unifiers of Japan: Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)

 Very influential to later rulers  Unifies a large part of Japan. Oda Nobunaga Dynasty Warriors

• Militarily, Nobunaga's revolutionary vision not only changed the way war was fought in Japan, but also in turn made one of the most modernized forces in the world at that time. He developed, implemented, and expanded the use of long pikes, firearms and castle fortifications in accordance with the expanded mass battles of the period. • Nobunaga also instituted a specialized warrior class system and appointed his retainers and subjects to positions based on ability, not wholly based on name, rank, or family relationship as in prior periods. Retainers were also given land on the basis of rice output, not land size. Nobunaga's organizational system in particular was later used and extensively developed by his ally Tokugawa Ieyasu in the forming of the Tokugawa shogunate in Edo. Nobunaga is betrayed by one of his closest generals (Akechi Mitsuhide) and forced to commit SEPUKU. Mitsuhide looks to take over the throne but his rule is short-lived because … Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598) • Hideyoshi defeated Akechi at the Battle of Yamakazi 13 days later.

A lowly servant in the Oda Clan . He was one of Nobunaga's sandal- bearers but eventually became one of his top generals Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536-1598)

Becomes suspicious of European territorial ambitions. Orders all European missionaries expelled from Japan. Tries to invade Korea, but fails.

•Though he actually intended to conquer Ming China, Hideyoshi had been communicating with the Koreans since 1587 requesting safe passage into China. As allies of Ming China, the Koreans at first refused talks entirely, and in April and July 1591 refused demands that Japanese troops be allowed to march through Korea. In August, Hideyoshi ordered preparations for invasion. Toyotomi Hideyoshi  Dynasty Warriors

Tokugawa Ieyasu (1543-1616)

 One of Japan’s strongest shoguns Rose to power after Toyotomi’s death  Stopped Japanese expeditions Shogunate ruled from 1600-1868 • Don’t Write: Ieyasu had shared his childhood with Nobunaga as a hostage of the Oda Clan. • Though there were a number of battles between Ieyasu and the Oda clan, Ieyasu eventually switched sides and became one of Nobunaga's strongest allies. Edo Castle

Tokugawa Shogunate Period

 Japan closed off to all trade [except to the Dutch and Chinese].  . The Dutch were restricted to a small island in Nagasaki harbor.  Japanese Christians persecuted and Christianity is forbidden.  The government is centralized with all power in the hands of the shogun.  Domestic trade flourishes.  Towns, esp. castle towns, increase.  New art forms  haiku poetry, kabuki theater.

Haiku Examples

Curving up, then down. Meeting blue sky and green earth Melding sun and rain.

The red blossom bends and drips its dew to the ground. Like a tear it falls Fill in the 7 syllable line

• Green elms in the woods • • ______• • Standing tall and proud Fill in the two five syllable lines.

______

The petals bend to the earth ______