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Name ______Class ______Date ______New Asian Empires Section 4

MAIN IDEA During the medieval period, a feudal society developed in Japan, while Korea’s rulers endured invasion and turned to isolation.

Key Terms and People a trained professional warrior during Japan's feudal age Bushido “the way of the warrior,” samurai code of ethics form of Buddhism that stresses discipline and meditation shogun supreme military leader who ruled in the name of Japan’s emperor daimyo Japanese lord who held large estates, controlled their own territories, and battled for power was made shogun in 1603, after winning complete control of Japan haiku Japanese form of poetry that consists of three lines with 17 syllables kabuki type of Japanese theater that had singing, dancing, and audience interaction Yi Song-gye general who gained control of Korea and established the Choson kingdom

Taking Notes As you read the summary, use a graphic organizer like the one below to take notes Japan’s warrior society, the , and medieval Korea.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Era Chapter 3 37 Interactive Reader and Study Guide Name ______Class ______Date ______New Asian Empires Section 4

Section Summary JAPAN’S WARRIOR SOCIETY By the 1100s Japan’s central government had begun to lose control of the empire. Local clans began to fight each other for power and land. Law and order gave way to conflict and chaos, and bandits roamed Why did landowners hire the countryside. For protection, large landowners samurai? hired armies of samurai (SA-muh-ry), trained ______professional . Samurai had to follow a strict ______code of ethics known as Bushido (BOOH-shi-doh). Bushido required samurai to be courageous, honorable, obedient, and most of all loyal. Samurai who failed to obey or protect their lord were expected to commit rather than live with their shame. The Samurai practiced Zen Buddhism, a form of Buddhism that spread from China to Japan in the 1100s. It stressed discipline and meditation to focus What were the duties and the mind and gain . Women in the samurai privileges of women in the class were trained in the and followed samurai class? Bushido. Women could also inherit property and ______participate in business. ______From the late-1100s to the mid-1800s, the real power in the Japanese government was held by the shogun rather than the emperor. The shogun was the supreme military leader who ruled in the emperor’s name. Japan was led by a series of shogunates, or rule by shoguns. The Mongol invasions weakened the first shogunate. Japan lost its centralized rule. Local warlords, or daimyo (DY-mee-oh), controlled territories and fought one another for power. During the 1500s, the daimyo began to take control of Japan. He was the first daimyo to arm his soldiers with guns. His successor, , controlled most of Japan by 1590. Tokugawa Ieyasu (toh-koohg-ah-wuh ee-eyahs-ooh) won a battle that made control of Japan complete. In 1603, the emperor made him shogun, lauching the Tokugawa Shogunate, which ruled until 1867.

THE TOKUGAWA SHOGUNATE Tokugawa Ieyasu established a strong central government based in Edo, which is now the city of Tokyo. Under the Tokugawa, Japan enjoyed a period

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Era Chapter 3 38 Interactive Reader and Study Guide Name ______Class ______Date ______New Asian Empires Section 4 of relative unity and peace. To keep daimyos loyal, they were required to live from time to time in Edo, but their families had to live there year-round. Japan’s population and cities grew, and economic activity increased. New roads further improved trade. The Tokugawa rulers created a strict social structure. The warrior class was the emperor (mostly a figurehead), shogun, daimyo, and samurai. Below the warrior class were three classes: peasants, artisans, Underline the four social and merchants. Members of these classes could not classes under Tokugawa rise in status, nor serve in the military or government. rule. Which class included Most Japanese were peasant farmers. They enjoyed farmers? a relatively high social position but lived with ______hardship due to high taxes. Artisans had higher status than merchants because they made things. During this period, women’s status declined. Many ronin, or masterless samurai, learned to get by in peacetime as farmers, warriors-for-hire, or bandits. Japan made greater contact with Europeans, who brought new ideas, products, and technologies. Christian began converting some Japanese, which so worried the shoguns that they restricted foreign trade and travel. Shunning European How was Japan affected by contact with Westerners? influence, Japan shut its doors to all Europeans except the Dutch by the 1650s. The country remained ______isolated for more than 200 years. ______Culturally, a form of poetry called haiku became popular. A haiku consists of three lines with 17 syllables. Many haiku deal with themes of nature and harmony. In theater, Japanese audiences turned to kabuki. Actors in kabuki plays sang, danced, and interacted with audience members.

MEDIEVAL KOREA In 1392 a powerful general named Yi Song-gye gained control of Korea and established the Choson kingdom, also called the Yi dynasty. In the late 1500s the Choson defeated two Japanese invasions with the help of Ming China. Then, in the early 1600s, the Who helped the Choson Chinese invaded Korea and made it a vassal state. The defeat the Japanese? Choson kings increasingly isolated Korea from the ______world except for trade with China. Still, Korea prospered and produced cultural achievements, such as the creation of a Korean alphabet.

Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Era Chapter 3 39 Interactive Reader and Study Guide