MOTHS: New Hope? All Your Forestry Needs Under One Roof

GYPSY MOTHS: New hope? All Your Forestry Needs Under One Roof

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Check the Yellow Pages for an Agway Store nearest you. A:5S0CIAl'ION travel there. When the skid roads are planned, the grade can be 0FFICERS kept flatter, water can be con- ifures er trolled, and with minor bulldoz- APUBUo\TION OF TI-IE NEW YORK FDREST OWNERS ASSOCIATION ing. What was a skid road becomes an access road you can Richard E. Garrett, President 11261 Apulia Road drive your pickup on, ride your Lafayette, NY 12084 (315/696-8725) RIGHT TO WG? horse on, ski on, walk on, feed Norman E. Richards, 1st Vice President The NJ Farm Bureau Board of your partridge chicks or your 156 Westminster Ave. Directors voted unanimously to turkey poults on, graze your rab- Syracuse, NY 13210 (315/472-3696) join an appeal of a court ruling bits and deer on, or sell fuel wood J. Morgan Heussler, 2nd Vice President that might test the state's right to that will thin your woods. 900 Porterville Road The single most important East Aurora, NY 14052 (716/6524856) farm law. The case involves a Morris County timber landowner thing, after your decision as an Robert M. Sand, Secretary who sued Rockaway Township owner to manage your woodlot Cotton Hanlon, Inc. at all, is the construction of a usa- Cayuta, NY 14824 (607/594-3321) for adopting an ordinance which prohibited him from conducting ble access road! Stuart McCarty, Treasurer How much does a road cost? 4300 East Avenue a normal agricultural practice Rochester, NY 14618 (716/381~373) (timbering). The township, The figure usually is between 50 cents and 75 cents a foot. I've Howard O. Ward, Assistant Treasurer which has admitted publicly that 240 Owego Street it prefers houses on this 600 acre worked on extremes in both di- Candor, NY 13743 (607/6594520) tract and will not allow farmland rections, but I think that is the Donald Colton, Director assessment qualification, won the ball park. 5,95 Trinity Avenue Superior Court ruling by Judge Treat yourselfto a personal in- Lowville, NY 13367 spection of your woodlot, com- Stanton on the basis of home income, don't you wonder why plete with a line of ribbons on a Thomas A. Conklin, Director rule. Farm Bureau feels all farm- you keep it? 10 Artillery Lane suggested route for your access ers have a stake in this precedent, A number of woodland own- Baldwinsville, NY 13027 road. A bit more curious? Look which might be construed as al- ers have found that their wood- Richard J. Fox, Director at some roads near you that your lowing municipalities to use zon- land becomes active, produces RD 3, Dresserville Road neighbors have built. Seeing is Moravia, NY 13118 ing powers to artifically restrict a continuously, and is a source of believing. farmer's right to conduct normal, personal pleasure once they do Robert A. Hellman, Director - Thomas Bahre P.O. Box 231, Brockport, NY 14420 recommended farming practices. one thing: build an access road. County Forester The "amicus brief' by Farm Usually, but not always, the Allen F. Horn, Director Addison County, Vermont 3978 Pompey Center Road Bureau will support member H.J. road is constructed: a) during, Manlius, NY 13104 "Kip" Koehler, III, in his exem- b) following, c) just before, or John H. Hamel, Director plary pursuit for himself and oth- d) a combination of the above, a Box L, 3805 Sweet Road er farmers. sale of products. DIRECTORY ISSUE Jamesville, NY 13078 - Peter Furey When logs of fuel wood are to I hope you plan to keep up the R. Dean Frost, Director NJ Farm Bureau be sold, the wood must be re- practice of publishing a directory RD 1, Box 80 Trenton, NJ issue every two years. I think the Whitney Point, NY 13862 moved from the woods over some sort of path or paths. With list of members, the historical in- William H. Lynch, Jr., Director formation, and the bylaws are all 100 Whitestone Drive no prior planting, these paths Syracuse, NY 13215 ROAD TO SUCCESS tend to run straight down the hill. very useful. With the turnover on The skidder will go there, so why the Board and in our member- Harold Petrie, Director When was the last time you RD I, Box 117, Parish, NY 13131 were in your woodlot? Last deer not? ship, it's especially important that season? The one before that? The only "why not" is that this type of information be put in Earl Pfamer, Director When they logged it? water can't be turned from the front of all every two years. Allen Road, Chaffee, NY 14030 If your woodlot is only a tax ruts, and no other vehicle, and - Stuart McCarty Alec C. Proskine, Director burden that provides infrequent sometimes not even a horse, can Rochester, New York 9370 Congress Road Trumansburg, NY 14886 Robert O. Richter, Director RD 3, Box 254A Greene, NY 13778 Lewis Staats at 518/523-9337. August 16: NYFOA Woods- walk at property of Dr. and Mrs. Evelyn Stock, Director WOODLOT Ike Dixon Road August 1-2: Summer meeting of John Hamilton, Wayland, New Camillus, NY 13031 OOINDAR NY Christmas Tree Growers As- York. Lloyd C. Strombeck, Director sociation,· Ferguson's Plantation, 57 Main Street Warsaw, New York. Call 716/ September 12-13: Fall meeting Owego, NY 13827 July 18-19: NYFOA Woods- 786-5081 for details. of NYFOA, Sardinia (Erie Wesley E. Subr, Director walk at Wanakena, New York. County), New york. Slide show, Ranger School, Wanakena, NY 13695 Lodging available at Ranger August 12-14: Empire Farm woodswalks, beaver dams, ma- John Thorington, Director School both nights. Days, Palladino Farm, Pompey, ple syrup operation, sawmill, etc. Rt. 2, Skyhigh Road, Tully, NY 13159 New York. Sanford Vreeland, Director July 21-22: NY Maple Produc- September 27-0ctober 15: 1707 Rush-Henrietta Townline Road ers Tour, Washington and War- August 15-17: Woodsman's NYFOA Tour to New Zealand. Rush, NY 14543 ren Counties, New York. Call Field Days, Boonville, New York. Call 607/659-5275.

Ruth J. Thoden, Executive Secretary PubiishedJor the New York Forest Owners Association by American Agriculturist, Inc. P.O. Box 123 Boonville, NY 13309 (315/9424593) 110 W-est Clinton Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. Telephone 607/273-35-07

July/August 1986 3 IT IS NOT ENOUGH TO OWN A FOREST

ATTHEW and Sandra Critz road early to custom-plant Christmas Moperate a multi-faceted farm bus- trees, and then to continue a complete iness located near Cazenovia, New York. custom service that also includes herbi- The busy young couple is involved in cide and/or insecticide applications, Christmas trees for retail and wholesale shearing, mowing, harvesting, and bal- The challenge is to nurture it, to ful- market (60 acres), custom-shearing and ing. He expects to shear 500,000 trees in fill a destiny of beauty, productivity, planting Christmas trees, making 7,000 1986. and family pride ... while turning to 8,000 wreaths annually for Yuletide Hedge shears are used for shaping until enough dollars over to hang on to it. sale (wholesale and retail), pick-your- trees are waist high, then the preferred But how? own small fruits - eight acres each of tool becomes a light steel knife with an There are no easy answers, only strawberries and blueberries, plus five 18-inch blade and lO-inch handle (and a ideas to ponder by the woodstove. acres of raspberries, growing conifer seed- razor edge). That's what NYFOA is all about: lings and transplants for sale to growers "At Cazenovia, there are two weeks of ideas, family pride in forest manage- of Christmas trees (selling a quarter- the best time to trim Scotch pine, but ment, and sharing of dreams. million of them annually). across the entire region where we do cus- Through regular issues of N. Y. Seeds of conifer trees are gathered in tom work, the period is seven weeks," Forest Owner magazine, frequent the Adirondack Mountains, and on the Matt says. "The trimming crew operates seminars and woodswalks in one Tug Hill Plateau, then sold to nursery op- a bit like the wheat harvesters in the west. another's woodlots, and extended erators or used to start seedlings at the We start in Virginia and work north with tours to extend the fellowship and Critz farm. white pine and Scotch pine, then go learning in foreign lands, members of They also maintain a greenhouse for south again to work our way north with the New York Forest Owners Associ- growing vegetable and flower plants the firs and spruce. ation are growing as surely as the trees for roadside sale, plus three acres of in their woodlots. pumpkins. An inch of water goes Matt is a forestry graduate from the ·, university at Syracuse, and is fully aware on the transplants and J010. ------of the soils needed for a succcessful tree- seedlings every week Check your preferred seedling nursery. Palmyra gravelly loam from a pump or from membership option: isjust the ticket, and there are eight acres D Regular - $10 of it on the 150-acre farm. Cazenovia silt the sky. D Family - $15 loam is the major soil- only moderately D Contributing - $16-$99 well drained, but okay for most small- "Growing Christmas trees is a profes- D Supporting - over $100 fruit and vegetable crops. Perhaps most sional business now, requiring good seed important, there is a good site for a pond to start with, herbicides and mowing to Send checks payable to: that offers indispensable irrigation. New York Forest Owners Association control vegetation, skillful trimming as "Irrigation," Matt says, "is a must for a the trees grow, and a marketing strategy P.O. Box 123 tree nursery. An inch of water goes on the that maximizes profit. In selling real Boonville, NY 13309 transplants and seedlings every week estate, the saying is that the value of a Yes, I'd like to join the New York from a pump, or from the sky, or a com- property depends on three things -loca- Forest Owners Association and get bination of both. It's also essential for tion, location, and location. With Christ- more out of my woodlands. frost protection for strawberries in the mas trees, value depends on quality, qual- Name _ spring, and pumpkins in the fall." ity, and quality." Sandra heads up the at-farm produc- Phone _ At the Critz farm, seedling trees in- tion and sales of pumpkins, berries, clude Douglas fir, balsam fir, white pine, Address _ wreaths, and other products outside the white spruce, and Scotch pine. No blue City _ forestry realm. Matt takes a crew on the spruce is grown because it is an alternate State/Zip _ host for the Cooley gall aphid, and Nor- way spruce is avoided because of its in- by Gordon Conklin clination for needle-drop. "Fraser fir is

4 New York Forest Owner not included because the deer love to York State are imported from outside its Critzes at their present location. It is un- chew them," Matt says. Cone collecting boundaries, so there is room for growers usual for people to be so specific and to gather seeds for the nursery begins in of quality trees. Let me lean on that term scientific in searching for a farm, but such mid-August. again - quality trees." an approach can pay big dividends.• "Our custom work in Christmas-tree When Matt began looking for a place plantations is a market niche for us," to relocate (from the Watertown, New Matt says. "As far as I know, we are the York area), he had some specific ob- DR. WILLIAM HARLOW only northeastern outfit offering such a jectives: Well-known forestry professor and service from planting to harvest. The at- • population density nearby to pro- former Heiberg Award winner Dr. Wil- farm sales of small fruits, Christmas trees, vide sufficient customers for at-farm liam M. Harlow, 85, died recently. He vegetables, and wreaths are also market sales; was a life-long Syracuse resident. niches somewhat uncommon in our im- • soil with adequate water-handling Harlow authored seven books includ- mediate area, offering more adequate capacity for a nursery, and lower-quality ing Textbook of Dendrology which fo- and relatively stable margins, as con- (but still adequate) soils for small fruits, cuses on tree identification and character- trasted to selling everything wholesale." vegetables, and Christmas trees; istics.The book is now in its sixth editiou. He figures on sales averaging 2,000 Harlow is best known, perhaps, for his Christmas trees annually, part of them at "Our custom work in photography which appeared in the Life/ the farm (the trees are displayed in the Nature library book, The Forest and the haymow floor of what was once a dairy Christmas-tree Scientist, and McGraw-Hili's The Life of barn at the homestead). The rest are sold plantations is a market the Forest and The Life of the Marsh. at three locations in the nearby city of niche for us." Harlow produced films for Walt Disney Syracuse. Matt cautions would-be grow- Studios and Encyclopedia Britannica. ers (dazzled with the numbers generated - Matt Critz His work includes a total of 28 16-mm when multiplying 2,000 by $20) to re- films for which he won some 13 national member that it is 8 to 10 years after plant- • location on a heavily traveled, all- awards. ing before salable trees are ready - and weather road that offered easy access to A professor at the State University the investment in taxes, trimming, mow- the farmstead; College of Environmental Science and ing, and so on mount up year by year. • aquifer and soil characteristics that Forestry at Syracuse from 1928 until But he's bullish about the industry would make irrigation-pond construc- 1965, Harlow won the prestigious Svend generally, saying, "About seventy per- tion both feasible and productive. O. Heiberg Award from the New York cent of the Christmas trees used in New All these things are available to the Forest Owners Association in 1980. • FIRIIOOD SPllTTIR BLOCK • Heavy Duty • Combination Vertical and Horizontal Application • Easy to Use BUSTER • Your choice of Engines Briggs & Stratton Kawasaki Honda 5 hp or 8 hp available • Dealer Inquiries Invited Stokes Chain Saw & Mower Service Inc. Box 63, RD 1 lee Center, NY 13336 315/336-8469

July/ August 1986 5 than 100 species of trees, shrubs, and ornamentals. . Still on the march, the gypsy moth is expanding its range. Pockets of infestations now exist throughout the North- east, in parts of the Midwest as far west as Wisconsin, and on the Atlantic seaboard as far south as South Carolina. Gypsy moths are now showing up in the north- western United States, including north- ern California, Oregon, and Washington. YPSY moths carry a deadly biolog- Within infested areas, gypsy moth Gical "time bomb" waiting to be det- populations fluctuate widely in almost onated. And scientists at the Boyce unpredictable fashion. BTI's Wood is Thompson Institute (BTI) for Plant Re- convinced that gypsy moth population search at Cornell University are trying to crashes that occur usually several years find the trigger mechanism to set off the after boom periods are due to the epi- explosive on command. demics caused by the so-called latent vi- Large tracts of northeastern forests rus infections in gypsy moths. have been severely damaged by hungry When the virus is dormant, causing no gypsy moth caterpillars in recent dec- visible damage, scientists call that behav- ades. Now scientists find that large num- ior the latent or persistent state. When the bers of gypsy moths are infected with a latent virus becomes activated and de- peculiar kind of virus. It produces no rec- structive, that phenomenon is called the ognizable symptoms at first, but for rea- productive state. sons not well understood, the virus be- What prompts the latent virus to becomes destructive to its host when acti- come deadly remains a scientific mys- vated, much like the herpes simplex virus tery. Wood believes that when gypsy that causes cold sores in humans. Such a moth populations undergo physiological virus, if activated by forest managers, stress, such as food scarcity or seeking out could wipe out the pesky gypsy moths, new food sources beyond the infested which, scientists say, are the most serious areas, the virus transforms itself into a le- insect pests affecting the nation's hard- thai one. wood forests. "People carrying the herpes simplex "When this virus becomes activated, virus develop cold sores following a it's lethal," says BTI virologist Alan stress, such as fever," Wood explains. Wood. "That explains why gypsy moth "The gypsy moth virus acts up whenever populations, after several years of ram- the insect is stressed. page, crash practically overnight." Illustration by R. W Brown "If we can find out what turns the virus At least one in every 10 gypsy moths is This young larva has spun a silken thread against its host, we would be able to de- from the tree crown. This thread will prob- infected with this virus, which is ready to stroy the insect before it causes unaccep- ably break as he drops, and the wind may seize an opportune time to become viru- carry him to another location . . . possi- table levels of damage," Wood points out. lent, a phenomenon not previously seen bly as much as 20 miles away. The many in the world of caterpillars and moths long hairs on his body increase his air- Based on this hypothesis, Wood plans (lepidopteron), according to Wood. borne buoyancy. to establish in his laboratory a large gypsy In his most recent study, Wood has moth colony infected with the latent vi- made another major discovery. He found rus. These infected insects will be put that infected gypsy moths pass on the vi- through a variety of stresses to see which rus to their offspring. This makes scien- one makes the virus become destructive. tists even more convinced that they may TIME: "We plan to put the insect through be able to turn this virus into a killer at every conceivable kind of stress to pin- the right time. point which stress serves as the trigger," Brought into Massachusetts from Eu- Wood says. "We hope to find the one rope more than a century ago, gypsy that is environmentally safe as well as moths have since stripped millions of BOMB economical." acres of forests in the Northeast. A lead- In Wood's view, mixing the insect's ing defoliator of hardwoods, especially food with certain kinds of chemicals pro- oak, the critter is known to attack more byYong Kim duced by trees or shrubs that are not pre-

6 New York Forest Owner

~----~--~------~ ferred as food by gypsy moths may be The Douglas fir tussock moth that at- WOOD one possibility to induce stress. For ex- tacks all types of fir trees in the Pacific ample, tannin, a natural chemical found Northwest, cotton bollworm, and cab- PRESERVATIVES in pine needles, maybe a good candidate. bage looper are among serious insect "Bibliography of Wood Preservative "We could set off such a chemical pests that ma y be carriers of such viruses, and Use" is the title of a new Conserva- trigger just before insect damage be- Wood speculates. tion Circular byW .Sh9ales, G. Goff, and comes serious," Wood says. "We want to "If our idea of wiping out gypsy moths N. Tammi, Depa.rtment of Natural Re- have those viruses turn against their hosts by coaxing those latent viruses to attack sources, Cornell University. This IS-page when we want them to, rather than wait- their hosts is successful, it could serve as a publication COntainsannotations, prices, ing for Mother Nature to do it." model to develop a new strategy for bio- and ordering information for 28 refer- Discussing another way of pitting the logical control of insect pests," Wood ences on the [olio wing topics: physical virus against its host, Wood says that live says. properties of woods, drying wood, pro- viruses could be sprayed just before gyp- Working with Wood on this research tecting wood from decay, al1d building sy moths lay their eggs late in the season. are insect physiologist Patrick Hughes with wood. Because the viruses are now known to be and research associate John Burand, Farmers, hom~owneIs, wood work- transmitted through the eggs, many of the both at BTI, and Grieg Steward, an un- ers, and others who use wood around the young larvae emerging from the eggs in dergraduate majoring in neurobiology in home, farm, or estate will find this biblio- the following spring would be infected. graphy full of general information on wood.preservation ..and. an excellent source for publications. Scientists have found To order, mail $1,50 per copy ($1.05 that large numbers of each for 10 or more copies) to: Extension Secretary, Department of Natural Re- gypsy moths are sources, Fernow Hall, Cornell Univer- infected with a sity, Ithaca, NY ·14853-3001. Make peculiar kind of virus. checks payable to Cornell University, free directory listing 19 bulletins and 26 conservation circulars for forest owners "Then we could throw the chemical can also be ordered from the same ad- switch to activate those viruses," Wood dress. • says. The same virus as a living insecticide has been employed by professional foresters to control gypsy moths in heavily infested areas. Results have been unpre- Radio Horse dictable because this practice depends on nature to turn those viruses into killers. Woods' discovery that gypsy moths Thin stands with almost harbor such a potentially deadly virus no damage! and transmit it to their offspring opens up new avenues of research. The Boyce Harvest trees in wet areas Thompson Institute scientist suspects that and on steep slopes! other kinds of insect pests affecting important agricultural crops also may carry Economically log latent viruses. Photo by Alan Wood Boyce Thompson Institute Oak trees, if defoliated three or more con- small woodlots! secutive years by gypsy moth caterpillars, may never recover. Harvest inaccessible trees! the College of Arts and Sciences, and en- tomologist Warren Johnson in the New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, both at Cornell. Wood's research is sponsored by the U.S. Forest Service and the Cornell Bio- technology Program, which is comprised of the Center for Advanced Technology in Biotechnology (Agriculture), funded by the New York State Science and The Key to Better Thinning Illustration by Wayne Trimm Technology Foundation, and the Bio- Predaceous ground beetles kill gypsy moth technology Institute, funded by Eastman Call or write for more information. larvae. Most important is a large iridescent green importation from Europe called Kodak, General Foods, and Union Car- The Radio Horse Corporation Calosoma sycophanta. Pictured here, one bide. The project is also supported in part Rt. 2, Box 445 • Bethel, Vermont 05032 of the native ground beetles, Calosoma by the Jessie Smith Noyes Foundation in (802) 234-5534 frigidum, attacks a gypsy moth caterpillar. New York City. •

July/ August 1986 7 EIL Wright says he didn't even tap aring season, says Wright. That suits the trees in one of his Oneida Coun- principle two: use the least fuel. ty, New York, sugar bushes last He culls trees, cuts them down, accord- N year. He says he was too busy trying ing to sweetness tests. That's principle to install his reverse osmosis (RO) one: use the sweetest sap. machine. "We did notice an increase in the sugar Use the It didn't bother him much. His sap content in this bush after it was thinned sweetest sap; averaged only 2.1% sugar content in six years ago," says Wright. "With thin- 1985. ning, it takes fewer years to reach tappa- use the least and "If ever there was a year to miss, last ble size because the trees grow faster." cheapest fuel; year would have been it," says Wright Another factor affecting sweetness is with a knowing laugh. the maple leaf cutter. Extension Service find the best price. He knows that low sugar content maple specialist Lewis Staats observes across much of the Northeast the past that this leaf-chewing insect hurts sweet- couple of years makes his decision look ness, largely by reducing the surface area smart, and makes syrup prices attractive of the leaf, the photosynthesis factory. to producers. Those prices may account It is sometimes said that the only way for the big attendance at this year's an- to become a farmer is to be born one or to nual maple tour, a traveling educational marry one. Neil Wright is living evidence event organized by New York's Cooper- that this isn't so of a maple producer. He ative Extension Service that takes pro- worked three years in a lumber camp be- ducers and would-be producers to visit fore deciding, he says, there had to be an one another. Almost 300 enthusiasts reg- easier way. He went to sea in the Mer- istered each of the past two years. chant Marine for 10 years, then returned Because of its $22-a-gallon retail price, to Oneida County to enter the grocery pure maple syrup is laughingly called liq- business. He moved into plumbing and uid gold. As with mining gold, the trick is heating and, eventually, started selling the to extract the high-value sweetener for coal. less than the going price. With maple He boiled enough sap his first season syrup that can be a challenge, considering to make 33 gallons of syrup. He burned the fuel cost to boil, typically, 40 gallons that coal and claims he could make syrup of sap to one gallon of syrup. In 1983, that way for half his neighbor's cost Neil Wright needed only 36\6 gallons of (principle two: cheap fuel). sap per gallon of syrup, but in a bad year, "I sold all I had," says Wright, "so, I WRIGHT it might take 42 or more. made some more the next year." Therein lies the maple producer's sci- He kept that up until 1970, when he ence: use the sweetest sap; use the least had trouble finding the right size coal he and cheapest fuel; find the best price. needed. It was a problem born in Amer- kind Much of Neil Wright's management re- ica's conversion to oil. Neil Wright was volves around such principles. His trees forced to go along, just in time for the are drained with plastic tubing that draws Arab oil embargo. Now, he averages sap to the roadside. That way, no trucks $2.20 expenditure for oil for every gallon of have to leave the paved road during sug- of syrup he makes. In 1984, he boiled 36,000 gallons of sap. He says he sells about 100 gallons of syrup a month right at the sugar house in Camden. Much of that syrup is sold on the pancake. The Wright family operates a small MAPLE BUSINESS (roughly 50-seat) pancake restaurant at the sugar house. Neil Wright says a visitor was impressed with an addition he built on the sugar house to house a bathroom and a place to have lunch. "You ought to make pancakes and sell

Neil Wright (c) traded up from the Mer- chant Marine to this Oneida County, New York, sugar bush. With him are (I) Oneida County agent Bruce Field, state forester AI Brown, and (r) extension maple specialist Lewis Staats. B y A L A N K N I G H T

8 July/ August 1986 'em right here," the visitor suggested. Reverse osmosis is hi-tech in the bush. "Well, there went my wife and there By using new membrane technology, a went my bathroom," jokes Wright. maple producer can separate sap from FIREWOOD The pancake kitchen operates 7 a.m. water without resorting to expensive SALES to 2 p.m. Saturdays and Sundays. The boiling (principle two: least fuel). It's RULES Wrights' daughter returns each weekend much like separating apples from cider, from Syracuse to help operate it. only more sophisticated and much more Whenever firewood is sold, a detailed Neil Wright says he spends about expensive. receipt is now required by the New York $600 a year on advertising, and he has One serious operator who visited Neil State Department of Agriculture and strong ideas on what works and what Wright admitted to having spent $20,000 Markets. This rule became effective on does not. One idea he likes very much is on his own reverse osmosis machine be- July 24, 1985, says Cornell Cooperative the daily door prize. People who come to fore sending it back to the factory be- Extension specialist David Taber. the pancake kitchen can fill out a card cause of gradual loss of filtering ability. "A delivery ticket, sales invoice, or re- and put it in the box to be eligible for the He said it was almost as though it clogged ceipt shall be presented by the seller to daily drawing for a small jug of maple up. the buyer whenever any unpackaged syrup. That is a small price for the But Neil Wright loves his. wood for fuel is sold," according to the Wrights to pay for what they really want: "We leave it going, go home and have rule change. a mailing list. supper, then go to bed and come back to Every delivery ticket, sales invoice, or Everybody who fills out the card is, in all that concentrate," he says, apparently receipt must state the name and address effect, entering his name on a customer not missing those all-night boiling ses- of the seller, the date of the sale, the quan- mailing list. Each customer receives a sions and companion fuel cost. The RO tity or dimensions of the wood sold, and card in the mail in late winter reminding machine handles 300 gallons of sap per the price of the quantity sold. them to "come get some pancakes" hour. Additional information about the (principle three: get the best price). Neil Wright also likes and recom- New York State regulations covering the Neil Wright is high on reverse osmosis, mends to others the battery-powered sale of firewood can be obtained from the idea that kept him from tapping more alarm system that sounds if the sap level your county Bureau of Weights and trees this past spring while he wrestled in the evaporator boils too low. Measures or the New York State De- with the machine. "It cost me less than $100," says partment of Agriculture and Markets, "My RO machine?" he says. "It's a Wright. "I don't know how people are Bureau of Weights and Measures, Build- great machine. All it lacks is a book that coming up with these $1,000 and $1,500 ing 7A, State Campus, Albany, NY tells you how to operate it." alarm systems." • 12223 (telephone 518/457-3452). •

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New York Forest Owner 9 ASK A

SICK BEECH kill all of your pole- and sawtimber-sized On our 30-acre hardwood lot, much of beech, I would advise you to leave a few of the best (straightest and longest stems the beech is covered with white fuzzy with healthy or full crowns) pole and patches. Atfirst I thought this was snow, FORESTRY • RECREATION young sawtimber-sized trees (6-14") but on closer examination realized I was CONSERVA TION which appear to have a low level of infes- mistaken. Is this something I should be ECOLOGY concerned about? We have been taking tation. Who knows? The disease may firewood annually from this land by cut- pass and spare a few. SERVICES OFFERED BY ting only the defective and dying trees. FORECON'NC. - B.J. Sullivan THAT NATURAL LOOK ..- Timber Management Plans for Cortland County Iown a 100-acre hardwood lot that has the forest an all-aged, wilderness appearance. ..- Timber appraisals You bet you should be concerned. There seem to be few seedlings and ..- Timber inventory You may have heard about the beech ..- Timber marking smaller trees but many in the middle- bark disease that has decimated stands of range, 6 to 10" in diameter, and a smaller ..- Timber marketing ond sales beech throughout New England and has ..- Capitol gains assistance on number of really big trees. I detest the timber sales scattered infestations over New York. one-storied look of so many woodlots, it's ..- Tree planting The killing disease is a canker fungus just too artificial for me. A botanist friend ..- Recreational development (Nectria) whose spores are able to infect told me that the species are mostly sugar ..- Assistance with timber trespass the inner living tissue of beech through maple and beech in the smaller size and ..- Boundary marking bark openings initiated by the beech yellow birch, black cherry (with afew red ..- Christmas tree management scale, a tiny insect with a sucking beak spruce and hemlock) in the larger size. ..- Silviculture and timber stand that penetrates the thin bark to feed on improvement My question is how can I maintain this sap. When in high or epidemic popula- ..- Logging engineering and natural appearance and increase the harvesting tion, thousands of scale insects are feed- cherry-birch trees in the 6 inch category ..- Cost and economic studies 01 ing on one beech stem, and the bark will of my woodlot? forest operations die and crack with so many incisions, al- ..- Environmental impoct studies - A wilderness lover lowing the canker spores to enter. It is St. Lawrence County this fungus that finally kills the beech. You will first note the presence of the Well, a forester can maintain that all- scale insects, as you have, by the "fuzzy" aged or uneven-aged structure of your white protective covering they produce stand with a carefully controlled marking by their own excretions. With high popu- and cutting plan. In fact, I bet that all- Offices lations of the insect, the lower portions of aged spread can even be improved by the stem will appear white-washed. • 5 Genesee Street applying the single-tree selection system Avon, New York 14414 Within one to two years, you should no- of silviculture. If you are not opposed to 716/226-8330 tice an "orange glow" on the dead and making a little money by harvesting dying moist bark (crusty orange-brown some of your trees, this could pay for the • Am. 311, Cortland Savings Bank when dry). This is the Nectria fruiting Cortland, New York 13045 expertise of a good forester who can, in 6071753-3113 body and a sure sign of death. time, give your woodlot a wider distribu- What to do? There is no known eco- tion of diameter classes. There may be a • 109 Erie Street nomical method of controlling the dis- void of seedlings and saplings in your Edinboro, Pennsylvania 16412 ease. Select the over-mature or oldest 814/734-7051 stand and these can be stimulated or re- trees first which are apparently heavily leased by a partial removal of the over- • Crown Building infested and cut or utilize for firewood story (larger trees). Do not be alarmed 100 E. Second Street before the stems begin rotting. If it's more because, most likely, just removing dis- Jamestown, New York 14701 than you can handle, I am sure you could 716/664-5602 eased, dying and low-quality trees in the contract a firewood sale in your area. As pole and sawtimber classes would be • 229 State Street you probably know, beech is excellent adequate release. During the same har- Lowville, New York 13367 firewood whose heat-yield per unit vol- vest or treatment, you would have to de- 315/376-7758 ume even exceeds hard maple. cide whether it's best to utilize the biggest • P.O. Box 48 Although the disease may eventually and most defective cherry, birch, hem- 8 Bridge Street lock, and spruce, or let them remain to Towanda, Pennsylvania 18848 I rot and be windthrown. 717/265-7055 byWes Suhr (continued on next page .. .)

10 New York Forest Owner ASK A FORESTER The Hamiltons have planted in recent WOODSWALKS years locust and Christmas trees for fam- (continued/rom page 10) ily and friends, and are also very involved in efforts to restore the American chest- With this single-tree selection system, WAYLAND nut. They have set out their own Casta- the shade-tolerant trees in the understory nea seedlings. will thrive and persist to eventually be- AUGUST 16 Mrs. Hamilton writes that she and Dr. come the climax forest type (sugar ma- Wayland, New York, and the tree Hamilton delight in watching the wild- ple, beech, hemlock and red spruce). So, farm owned by Dr. and Mrs. John Hamil- life, such as opossums, skunks, and even in answer to the second part of your ques- ton will be the scene of this mid-summer bobcats and black bears that share the tion, the cherry and birch component woodswalk, and a fascinating one it tree farm with them. They make frequent will eventually disappear (the cherry sounds like, too. use of the acreage for skiing, hunting, first), by allowing either nature or the The Hamiltons' tree farm consists of fishing, and hiking. forester to maintain that all-aged struc- 330 acres, 200 of which are wooded. To find the farm, turn north from route ture. Yellow birch may be regenerated Mrs. Hamilton's father started it in 1933 21 (which connects Wayland and North and maintained in a heavy partial cut, but with a 90 acre purchase of scrub land. As Cohocton) onto county route 37, which black cherry requires full sunlight to sur- years went by, he, his daughter and her intersects Route 21 exactly 3.7 miles vive after the seedlings are established. It husband have been able to add contigu- from North Cohocton. Proceed north on is a shade intolerant species and cannot ous acreage to round out the tree farm. county route 37 until you come to a sec- be regenerated successfully with the They have planted more than 100 000 ond left: Schribner Road, a dirt road that single-tree selection system or in the all- seedlings of softwoods, including a ~ari- goes steeply up hill. Proceed on Schrib- aged stand. ety of pines and spruces. Until 1974, the ner Road for 0.8 miles to the house with As you can see, this is complicated land was used only for recreation, but in the Tree Farm sign, and you're there. business. I strongly suggest that you con- that year they built a new home and took Activities begin at 10 a.m. Bring a pic- tact a forester to evaluate your woodlot up residence on the site. nic lunch and appropriate dress for the in terms of those objectives with you de- The Hamiltons are in the eighth year weather. • sire that are also achievable. of a ten-year F.I.P. (Forest Improvement Program) project under the supervision H you have something Questions should be addressed to: of a state employed forester who cites it to sell. . . classified Wes Suhr, Ranger School, Wana- as a good example of what people can do kena, New York 13695. • on their own without outside workers. advertising gets action. NOKKA-2500A Handy all season farm implement from logging to ditching.

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July/ August 1986 11 TRACTOR-MOUNTED TREE SAW W orksaver, Inc., Litchfield, Illinois is now offering a tractor-mounted rear saw they say is capable of felling a 20" oak tree in approximately 20 seconds. The saw can be used with any Category II tractor having at least 75 hp, a 3-pt. hitch, and pto. When the saw is in position, a spring-loaded pusher bar contacts the WOODLOT tree high on its trunk to provide safety and direct the fall. A rotating 54" circular blade is then pushed through the tree by a hydraulic cylinder. The blade's replace- able teeth are made of durable carbide steel. The rugged, heavy-duty saw allows trees to be cut at ground level, eliminating stumps and increasing timber harvest. Trees up to 24" in diameter require only a single cut while larger trees may be - felled with multiple cuts. To find out about the tractor-mounted saw or any of Worksaver's 3-pt. attach- ments, contact Worksaver, Inc., P.O. WooDCHOP'R Box 1000, Litchfield, IL 62056 (tele- New for the woodcutter is 3L Co.'s phone 217/324-5973). WOODCHOP'R, an innovative tool that, according to the company, allows the woodcutter to work safer, faster, and easier than ever. WOODCHOP'R is a high quality steel stand to which your chain saw is easily mounted. At last you can cut long pieces of wood single- handedly eliminating the need for a second pair of hands. The job will be faster CROSSBOW HERBICIDE and safer because kickback is eliminated and vibration non-existent. Effective weed and brush manage- The WOODCHOP'R is constructed ment often must begin with controlling of steel, yet weighs less than 14 pounds. It unwanted plants in fencerows, roadsides, is compact so you can transport it to any and other non-crop areas. Crossbow site, and it is easily stored. Company offi- weed and brush killer from the Dow cials say their tool is great for the wood- Chemical Company is now available for cutter eager to get the job done in the such non-cropland uses. Company quickest, most efficient manner. spokesmen say that no permit or certifi- WOODCHOP'R sells for $32.95. For cation is required to buy and use Cross- further information, write to 3L Co., 226 bow. S. Dunton, E. Patchogue, NY 11772. The herbicide controls a wide variety of woody plants including multiflora rose, hawthorn, and blackberry, as well NEW WOODS MOWER as many broadleaf weeds such as Canada Woods, Division of Hesston Corpora- thistle and ironweed. While the product tion, Oregon, Illinois, announces the is highly active against many weed spe- Model F35, their latest undermount cies, it is selective to most grasses. mower designed for compact tractors Crossbow is applied any time plants rated from 14 hp to 30 hp. are actively growing as a wetting spray The model F35 is adaptable for use with 1 to 1V2 gallons of chemical per 100 with Ford, Kubota, John Deere, Interna- gallons of water on woody plants. To tional, Mitsubishi, and Yanmar tractors. control annual and perennial broad- Complete information and specifica- leaves, apply as a broadcast spray at a tions on the Model F35 are available rate of 1 to 2 quarts per acre in enough from Woods, Division of Hesston Cor- water to provide uniform weed coverage. poration, Oregon, IL 61061. Please in- For spot treatments, 1/4 pint of herbicide clude the manufacturer's name of your should be mixed with 3 gallons of water. tractor when requesting literature.

12 New York Forest Owner WOODLOT SHOP Classified Advertisements: For Sale: 68 acres of standing There is a simple formula for timber and hardwood. 607/565- placing a classified advertisement 8261 days or 607/565-4545 in the N. Y. Forest Owner. Write evenings. or, preferably, type your advertisement. Count the words (this For Sale: Buy a Cardinal Mobile ad is 53 words), multiply by 25 Sawmill and "Take it to the cents per word, and send a check woods!" From basic manual to payable to the n.y. Forest Owner, fully automatic your best dollar 710 West Clinton Street, Ithaca, value in commercial sawmill New York 14850. equipment today. Sawmill ma- .. chinery of all kinds, specializing For Sale: Balsam fir (Abies Classified advertisements. -.- in pallet manufacturing equip- balsa mea) seed from superior ment. R.A. Montgomery & Co., Christmas tree type on Tug Hill, RD#I, Box 330, Wernersville, Lewis County. Bill Ballagh 315/ Services: Custom kiln drying For Sale: Number 8 Ireland saw- PA 19565. 215/678-5703. Call 376-7281. and export service, high quality mill complete with diesel engine anytime. drying at competitive rates. Write 4-71, clutch & V-belts; 1965 In- For Sale: 90 acre hardwood & or call for services and price list. ternational flat bed Model 201- Wanted: Hardwood veneer and softwood woodlot on blacktop Northeast Kiln Drying, Inc., P.O. A, 36,000 gross; 1965 F750 sawlogs. Specializing in tulip pop- road near Lake Ozonia, St. Law- Box 800, Plaistow, NH 03865. Ford, flat bed dump; Farmall H lar, ash, white oak, and red oak rence County; including lovely 5 603/382-9271. tractor. Lawrence Newport, RR from localities in Southeastern/ room cabin; spring outside cabin #1, Box 223, Equinunk, PA Southcentral New York and door; brook crosses property; For Sale: JD540B skidder, ap- 18417. 7171224-4686. Eastern PA. Pomeroy Lumber, several wood roads on property; prox. 4,000 hours, one owner, Inc., River Road, Nineveh, NY excellent deer hunting. $22,000. well-maintained, ready to work For Sale: 6 Walnut trees, 20", 13813.607/693-2690. with owner financing. Write Box for you. Log Loader-Tree King 20", 19", 1716", 1716", and IT 223, Norwood, NY 13668. Model 8000, mounted on R200 diameter at breast height; 33', For Sale: Case 450B dozer with International. Lovelace Lumber 31',24',31',22', and 24' respec- winch, 2 yrs. old, $32,000; Case Travel: Forest owners' tour to Co., P.O. Drawer 17, Rossa Gap tively to first limb. Several smaller 825 Skid King power shift log New Zealand, September 27- Road, Summitville, NY 12781. trees, 11" to 15" diameter at skidder, turbocharged 108 HP, October 15, 1986. Visit other 914/888-2580 after 8 p.m. breast height. John Peters, 35 Model 20 - 40,000 lb. winch, forest owners and organizations Turkey Lane, Cold Spring Har- $25,000; Clark 667D log skidder, in the country where forestry is a Wanted: Red pine logs cut to bor, NY 11724.516/367-8061 152 HP turbocharged Cummings, kind of farming and farming is length and delivered to Manas- or 2011632-6231. 2 yrs. old, $49,000; Kent 1984 king. Sponsored by the New sas, VA area. Specs: unpeeled, double bunk log trailer, original York Forest Owners Association. minimum 13-14" at butt, 9-10" For Sale: 1 native American tires, $9,000; Trailmobile 40' Contact New Yorkshire Tours, at top; straight with little taper; Chestnut tree (alive but failing), drop frame shop van, $6,000; 96 Targosh Road, Candor, New majority of lengths 36'-40'. Rob 16" DBH, approx. 40' to an 8" Wausau snowplow, 11' wide x York 13743. Tel. 607/659-5275. Krieger Log Homes, P.O. Box top. Thomas Grasso, RD2, Rt. 42" high, $500. Ronald Ville- 1275, Manassas, VA 22110. 50, Ballston Lake, NY 12019. neuve, RD 2, Box 480-1, Under- For Sale: Christmas trees are a 703/698-1529. 518/885-6078. hill, VT 05489. 802/899-4952. good cash crop. We have the planting stock. We also have de- ciduous shrubs, ground covers, SIDEK\CK and trees, including nut trees. We do planting in nearby counties. ",NoweR JUIC'-\ CAR-ROT W.C. Cottell, 5577 South Gene- FOR 140U,SII>eKlcK ! va Road, Sodus, NY 14451. Tel- ephone 315/483-9684.

For Sale: Christmas tree seedlings. Special 5-8' woodsplants, $95 per thousand. Superior balsam woodsplants 8-15', $200 per thousand. Balsam woodsplants 8-15' transplanted in trenches at least one year and fertilized, $400 per thousand. Contact Walker's Tree Farms, East Burke, VT 05832. Telephone 802/626- 5276. CLASSIFIED ADS ... BEST WAY TO BUY AND SELL

July/ August 1986 13 wooncurs Chestnuts C. Douglas Hartnett Kenna Lou Mills cranking out press releases and letter Moravia, NY Binghamton, NY It's no secret to most readers now that writing campaigns to protest possible John Hastings Robert Molineaux the New York Forest Owner is edited and changes in income tax codes. One associ- West Ft. Ann, NY Williamstown, NY

published by American Agriculturist ation even offered its members a fill-in- Richard & Kathleen Hollis National Woodland magazine for the New York Forest Own- the-blank letter-to-the-congressman that Rochester, NY Owners Assoc. Vienna, VA ers Association. American Agriculturist said "I will have to go out of business." Garry Hyatt goes back a long way, clear back to 1842, That was all pre-Packwood. Senator Huntington Valley, PA Phillip Nowell Deferiet, NY making it, arguably, the oldest farm mag- Robert Packwood of Oregon and his James Jerome Watertown, NY Chester Paprocki azine in the country. congressional allies have come up with a Taberg, NY There's lots of forestry in that heritage. radical change of income tax rules. I will Ray Jones Oswego, NY N. Gorham Parks One of the best remembered editors of try to locate someone to write an in- Pittsford, NY Herbert Jordan years ago was Ed Eastman, who wrote a depth analysis of it, but from what I have Friendship, NY John Pinichny series of rural yarns called Eastman's Vestal, NY seen and read so far, I like it. Keith Kahl Chestnuts. In one of his Chestnuts, East- In agriculture, at least, many have Taberg, NY Hugh Porter Canton, NY man told the story of cutting down a huge come to blame the cock-eyed tax codes Donald Kellievit tree for firewood with his dad. As the big for much of the surplus problem. The tax Lisle, NY John Prikazsky Binghamton, NY two-man saw worked its way endlessly codes have encouraged non-farm money Mr. & Mrs. John Kelly back and forth, the Eastman boy got Johnson City, NY Robert Quinn to seek tax shelter through cost (versus Sacketts Harbor, NY mighty tired. accrual) accounting, investment tax cred- Hugh Knapp Rochester, NY David Reid The elder Eastman worked on, but, by its, and depreciation. If those tax-shelter Maine, NY Richard Knobloch and by, had to say, "Look, son, I know farmers weren't there, critics argue, much Lorraine, NY Dale Roberts you're tired, and you've got a right to be. of the surplus production wouldn't be, Boonville, NY Stephen Koon If you need to rest that's all right, but either. Union Springs, NY Glen Roberts Lowville, NY must you drag your feet so as you ride?" Perhaps this could also be said of the Arthur Langan Times change. The old two-man saw feared over-production of Christmas Syracuse, NY Daniel Rochford Yorktown, NY that Ed Eastman used is long gone, rele- trees. Livingston Lansing gated to the role of cocktail lounge deco- And who would miss the demise of a Boonville, NY Elwyn Rowell Glenfield, NY ration. Take a look through extension profession grown up merely to help citi- John Leahy Wbitney Point, NY Scott Russell service forestry bulletins of the 1930s, zens figure out their taxes? Coming. NY '40s, and '50s and you'll find frequent Marion Leonard Binghamton, NY John Safford admonition to keep livestock out of the Malone, NY Your neighbors Mr. & Mrs. Ray Litynski woodlot because they trampled roots and The title of this magazine implies that Johnson City, NY Ronald Samson ate valuable hardwood seedlings. Locke, NY it is about people more than about Austin Lovenduski Take the Forest Owners Association Moravia, NY Juan Sanchez, MD forests. If you know of an interesting trip to New Zealand and you'll find Hackensack, NJ forest owner, why not take some time to Peter & Dorothy Martin farmers and researchers seriously trying Fly Creek, NY Curt Schwalbe scribble down your observations? Why Constantia, NY to re-integrate grazing with woodlot Robert Mayhood not share with other readers what it is management. Research foresters and Endicott, NY George Short that makes your forest-owning neighbor Falconer, NY economists there have decided that sheep Walter McAllester so interesting? Maybe he's ingenious in Anandale, VA Eugene Signor and radiata (Monterrey) pine together, building gadgets that make his woods Locke, NY on the same acreage, yield more profit Daniel McGough work easier. Maybe she knows every Lyons Falls, NY William Sovocool than either would alone. They've figured Moravia, NY mushroom imaginable. Maybe the fam- Victor Mellen out optimum stocking rates for the sheep, ily has a unique approach to involving Victor, NY Ernest Spencer stocking rates for the fast-growing trees, Marathon, NY the children in the Christmas tree planta- Robert Mevitt and whether it's worthwhile or not to tion work. Binghamton, NY remove pruning slash (it isn't ... in A man once said that he was a little bit fact, the slash shelters new-born lambs). of everyone he ever knew. Why not share Large and small commercial ventures those little bits with us all? Write to us at called "two tier" farms are developing 710 West Clinton Street, Ithaca, New across New Zealand as farmers and forest York 14850. owners alike attempt to wring profits - Alan Knight, editor from a beautiful land but unforgiving • economy. Woodcuts is apage of editorial and read- But they're doing something we have er opinion. Short essays on topics of in- long been taught not to do. Who's right? terest to forestland owners may be sub- mitted to The New York Forest Owner, Post- Packwood 710 West Clinton Street, Ithaca, NY Forest industry associations have been 14850.

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