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Forestry Materials Forest Types and Treatments
-- - Forestry Materials Forest Types and Treatments mericans are looking to their forests today for more benefits than r ·~~.'~;:_~B~:;. A ever before-recreation, watershed protection, wildlife, timber, "'--;':r: .";'C: wilderness. Foresters are often able to enhance production of these bene- fits. This book features forestry techniques that are helping to achieve .,;~~.~...t& the American dream for the forest. , ~- ,.- The story is for landolVners, which means it is for everyone. Millions . .~: of Americans own individual tracts of woodland, many have shares in companies that manage forests, and all OWII the public lands managed by government agencies. The forestry profession exists to help all these landowners obtain the benefits they want from forests; but forests have limits. Like all living things, trees are restricted in what they can do and where they can exist. A tree that needs well-drained soil cannot thrive in a marsh. If seeds re- quire bare soil for germination, no amount of urging will get a seedling established on a pile of leaves. The fOllOwing pages describe th.: ways in which stands of trees can be grown under commonly Occllrring forest conditions ill the United States. Originating, growing, and tending stands of trees is called silvicllllllr~ \ I, 'R"7'" -, l'l;l.f\ .. (silva is the Latin word for forest). Without exaggeration, silviculture is the heartbeat of forestry. It is essential when humans wish to manage the forests-to accelerate the production or wildlife, timber, forage, or to in- / crease recreation and watershed values. Of course, some benerits- t • wilderness, a prime example-require that trees be left alone to pursue their' OWII destiny. -
National FUTURE FARMER Editor-In-Chief
Inside This Issue: Profiles in FFA Leadership Star Farmers: Telling It Like It Is THEY'RE CROPPING UPALLOVER. Some farmers say it's the best mission with a super-low first gear. racks can haul everything from tool- thing they've ever put on their soil. And a handy reverse so you can get boxes to cattle feed. 1" Hondas FourTrax 250 four-wheeler in to—and out of—just about any And if your north 40 is more like a and Big Red® three-wheeler. tight spot. north 400, you'll appreciate Honda's Both have dependable four-stroke You'll appreciate the virtually unlimited mileage, six-month engines, with enough muscle to tow maintenance-free shaft drive and warranty." twice their own weightr And they the convenient electric starter. Plus Honda's new FourTrax 250 and can go many places a tractor or pick- the comfort of full front and rear Big Red. They love to do just about any could near. up never get suspension. job you can think of—even if it's just Each features a five-speed trans- Their front and rear carrying horsing around. Unners are always in control— they know what they're doing. So read your owner's manual WINNERS RIDE SAFELY 5carefully. And make sure your ATV is in good operating condition before you ride. Always wear your helmet, eye protection and protective clothing. Get qualified training and ride within your skills. Never drink when'you ride. Never carry passengers or lend your ATV to unskilled riders. Ride with others— never alone— and always supervise youngsters. -
Archival Copy. for Current Version, See
Archival copy. For current version, see: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/4-h331 4-H 331 REPRINTED JULY 2005 $8.00 Archival copy. For current version, see: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/4-h331 Oregon 4-H Forestry Member Manual Contents Lesson 1: Welcome to Oregon 4-H Forestry 1 Lesson 2: Forests in Oregon 4 Lesson 3 Looking Closer 7 Lesson 4 Succession 9 Lesson 5 Oregon's Most Common Trees 12 Lesson 6: How to Find a Tree's Family Tree 14 Lesson 7 Growing Every Which Way' 18 Lesson 8: From Seedlings to Spires 21 Lesson 9: Spreading the Seed 23 Lesson 10 The Dynamic Forest Ecosystem 26 Lesson 11 Silviculture Equals Forest Management 30 Lesson 12: Fire 33 Lesson 13: Wildlife and the Forest 36 Lesson 14 Harvesting 39 Lesson 15 Trees in Urban Ecosystems 43 Appendices Appendix A Answers to forestry puzzles 46 Appendix B Extension pubhcations The Wildlife Garden 48 Glossary of Tree Terms 49 Resources and Acknowledgments 52 Adapted for use in Oregon from Minnesota Extension Service 4-H youth forestry materials by Judy Dickerson, former 4-H youth development faculty. Josephine County; and Virginia Bourdeau, Extension specialist, 4-H youth development, Oregon State University. Archival copy. For current version, see: https://catalog.extension.oregonstate.edu/4-h331 Lesson 1 Welcome to Oregon 4-H Forestry is a wonderful state. Forested land is found in every region. It's good to know about the types of Oregonplants and land use that dominate your home state. You are in charge of writing a The goals of the Oregon 4-H Forestry Project are to give recipe for a forest. -
Page 1 of 34 Forestry Measurement Techniques Measuring, Quantifying
Forestry Measurement Techniques Measuring, quantifying, and displaying forestry data. Reference for: WILD2400, WILD3850, WILD4750, WILD5700 (updated September 2019) Measuring trees to characterize stands or forests has its own unique set of tools and techniques. Because trees do not necessarily scale to forests to landscapes, etc., there are important considerations to make to accurately characterize trees and stands in the field. Generally, the data we collect have little meaning in and of themselves, they need to be tabulated, or displayed graphical to portray their meaning. These data are important if we want to make important silvicultural consideration with respect to characterizing, and/or treating the stand. This may be to portray wildlife habitat, quantify current volume, or to enhance future growth, among other things. This handout is a review of some essential measurement and quantification skills requisite for forestry, and really any natural resource professional tasked with characterizing trees and forests. We will define some basic concepts, show you how to make some simple tree- and stand-level measurements. Then we will show you how to use the data collected for quantitative assessment of: stand stocking, determining site index (site quality), stand density, species composition, and diameter/age distributions. I anticipate that you would keep this handout for future reference during your curriculum at USU, and that it might be a helpful reference in your future. Tree Measurements (direct) Crown Base (CB): Height to the base of live branches. Used to calculate live crown ratio (LCR). Typically measured with a Biltmore stick, clinometer, or hypsometer. Diameter at breast height (DBH): where breast height is 4.5 feet (or 1.3 m) off the ground. -
Wood from Midwestern Trees Purdue EXTENSION
PURDUE EXTENSION FNR-270 Daniel L. Cassens Professor, Wood Products Eva Haviarova Assistant Professor, Wood Science Sally Weeks Dendrology Laboratory Manager Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Purdue University Indiana and the Midwestern land, but the remaining areas soon states are home to a diverse array reforested themselves with young of tree species. In total there are stands of trees, many of which have approximately 100 native tree been harvested and replaced by yet species and 150 shrub species. another generation of trees. This Indiana is a long state, and because continuous process testifies to the of that, species composition changes renewability of the wood resource significantly from north to south. and the ecosystem associated with it. A number of species such as bald Today, the wood manufacturing cypress (Taxodium distichum), cherry sector ranks first among all bark, and overcup oak (Quercus agricultural commodities in terms pagoda and Q. lyrata) respectively are of economic impact. Indiana forests native only to the Ohio Valley region provide jobs to nearly 50,000 and areas further south; whereas, individuals and add about $2.75 northern Indiana has several species billion dollars to the state’s economy. such as tamarack (Larix laricina), There are not as many lumber quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides), categories as there are species of and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) that trees. Once trees from the same are more commonly associated with genus, or taxon, such as ash, white the upper Great Lake states. oak, or red oak are processed into In urban environments, native lumber, there is no way to separate species provide shade and diversity the woods of individual species. -
The Knothole, November 24, 1969
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF The Knothole College Archives 11-24-1969 The Knothole, November 24, 1969 SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Student Body Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/knothole Part of the Communication Commons, Creative Writing Commons, and the Environmental Studies Commons Recommended Citation SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Student Body, "The Knothole, November 24, 1969" (1969). The Knothole. 179. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/knothole/179 This Newspaper is brought to you for free and open access by the College Archives at Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Knothole by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. FOREST FIRES THE KNOTHOLE Forest fires in the United States alone, Published: Every Monday by Alpha Xi Sigma destroy enough timber annually to build 25, Deadline: Monday A.M. one week before 000 homes, furnish baseball bats to every publication player in the nation from Little leagues to Major Leagues; and print all the comic books, Articles: Please sign name and so indi magazines and newspapers in the nation! cate if you do not wish to have Everyone has a stake in forest fire pre name printed. We welcome all vention. Aside from the aesthetic values articles, gossip, notices, sug of the woods involved, the appreciable loss gestions, and new staff members. of tinfer by forest fires is one of the con Editors: John Boreman Marlene Halinar tributing factors in the high cost of lum Norman Booth Janine Newmiller ber. -
Assessment of Timber Harvesting and Forest Resource Management in Vermont: 2012
ASSESSMENT OF TIMBER HARVESTING AND FOREST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN VERMONT: 2012 VERMONT AGENCY OF NATURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT OF FORESTS, PARKS AND RECREATION December, 2014 Vermont Agency of Natural Resources Department of Forests, Parks & Recreation 1 National Life Drive, Davis 1 Montpelier, VT 05620-3801 (802) 828-1399 This publication is available upon request in large print, braille and audio CD. VT TDD 1-800-253-0191 The Assessment of Timber Harvesting and Forest Management in Vermont: 2012 was funded in part through a competitive grant from the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Area State and Private Forestry (NA S&PF), Competitive Allocation Request for Proposals (CARP) process. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report would not have been possible without the dedication of a long list of volunteers who gave their time and expertise to all aspects of the project from planning, to data collection, to data analysis, and the preparation and review of the final report. -
Forest Landowners Need to Know About the Measurement of Timber and Logs Before a Buyer Appears with an Offer, a Contract, and a Check, One Seemingly Cannot Refuse
Forest landowners need to know about the measurement of timber and logs before a buyer appears with an offer, a contract, and a check, one seemingly cannot refuse. Often the check seems very large and the offer very enticing, especially if the owner has a bill due. So the owner may accept the offer without knowing much about the quantity of quality of the timber. Landowners who know how much timber they have to sell can make a better judgment about the fairness of an offer to buy. Comparing lists of timber volumes made several years apart will allow a landowner to calculate the growth of the forest in the amount of board feet per acre, per year. This growth, or “yield”, is the amount that can be cut from the forest, indefinitely, for firewood or lumber. Forest owners, who know this figure, become forest managers, and their decisions should be of greater benefit to themselves, the forest, and other people. This article deals with the basics needed by a landowner who wishes to measure the quantity of his own timber. Quality is another variable and will be discussed in a later article. MEASURING LOGS (SCALING) The most accurate way to determine the amount of timber is to cut the trees down. Then, measure and tally the number of board feet in the logs. The only tool needed is a yardstick. Logs are commonly cut in even lengths from 8 to 16 feet long. An extra 4 inches is customarily added for trim so that a 16 foot log is actually 16 feet 4 inches in length. -
In Ashley County, Arkansas
. .".. Five Years of Change in an Old-Growth Pine-Hardwood Remnant in Ashley County, Arkansas USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, P.O. Box 3516 UAM; Monticello, AR 71656 Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract.-The Levi Wilcoxon Demonstration Forest near Hamburg, Arkansas is an industrially-owned remnant of old-growth pine and hardwodds. Some of the loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.) pine in this stand are over 200 years old, and numerous individuals exceed 90 cm in diameter and 30 m in height. A 2000 survey of a portion of this tract found that 27 tree species contributed an average of 387.5 live stemsiha and 31.8 m2/haof basal area. An inventory of the same plots in 2006 yielded noticeable declines in density (now down to 342.5 stemslha) and basal area (now 28.2 m2/ha). Much of this loss came in the aftermath of a windstorm in May 2003, which felled a number of overstory pines. Loblolly pine decreased from 49.6 stemslha and 13.2 m2/ha in 2000 to 42.1 trees/ha and 11.2 m2/ha in 2006, while shortleaf pine declined from 21.7 treeslha and 5.0 mz/ha to 14.6 trees/ha and 3.5 m2/ha. Further pine mortality came from smaller-scale windthrow, lightning, and bark beetle infestations. Some hardwoods were also toppled by storms or crushed by falling trees, but most appear to have succumbed to drought, competition, and salvage logging. However, hardwood basal area remained virtually unchanged over this period, signifying adequate diameter growth and midstory recruitment. -
Pinetum1939.Pdf
THE OLD NORTH STATE Here’s to the land of the long leaf pine, The summer land, where the sun doth shine: Where the weak grow strong, and the strong grow great Here’s to down home, the Old North State. Here’s to the land of the cotton bloom white, Where the scuppernong perfumes the breezes at night; Where soft Southern moss and jessamine mate, 'Neath the murmuring pines of the "Old North State." Here’s to the land where the galax grows. Where the rhododendron roseate glows; Where soars Mt. Mitchell's summit great. In the land of the sky, in "The Old North State." Here’s to the land where maidens are fairest. Where friends are truest, and cold hearts are rarest; The near land, the dear land, whatever our fate. The blest land, the best land, the "Old North State." Pl-NE—TUM 1939 Journal of Forestry N.(L State CoHege CD 1. RALEIGH, NORTH CAROLINA DEDICATION TO Mrs. J. V. Hofmann, Mrs. G. K. Slocum, Mrs. Lenthall Wyman, and Mrs. W. D. Miller, wives of our much loved Forestry School faculty, we, the staff of the 1939 Pl-NE-TUM, dedicate this sixth edition. Thanks to you for the big bright smile your husbands greet us with each morning at eight o’clock. Your sincere under- standing, cooperation, and interest in us is felt by our contact with your husbands. May this dedication be only a small token of our appreciation of you. [ 2] FOREWORD AGAIN this year the Pl-NE-TUM is an annual by and for the students, alumni, and friends of the N. -
A Glossary of Common Forestry Terms
W 428 A Glossary of Common Forestry Terms A Glossary of Common Forestry Terms David Mercker, Extension Forester University of Tennessee acre artificial regeneration A land area of 43,560 square feet. An acre can take any shape. If square in shape, it would measure Revegetating an area by planting seedlings or approximately 209 feet per side. broadcasting seeds rather than allowing for natural regeneration. advance reproduction aspect Young trees that are already established in the understory before a timber harvest. The compass direction that a forest slope faces. afforestation bareroot seedlings Establishing a new forest onto land that was formerly Small seedlings that are nursery grown and then lifted not forested; for instance, converting row crop land without having the soil attached. into a forest plantation. AGE CLASS (Cohort) The intervals into which the range of tree ages are grouped, originating from a natural event or human- induced activity. even-aged A stand in which little difference in age class exists among the majority of the trees, normally no more than 20 percent of the final rotation age. uneven-aged A stand with significant differences in tree age classes, usually three or more, and can be basal area (BA) either uniformly mixed or mixed in small groups. A measurement used to help estimate forest stocking. Basal area is the cross-sectional surface area (in two-aged square feet) of a standing tree’s bole measured at breast height (4.5 feet above ground). The basal area A stand having two distinct age classes, each of a tree 14 inches in diameter at breast height (DBH) having originated from separate events is approximately 1 square foot, while an 8-inch DBH or disturbances. -
And Advancement Program
1 I . DOCU COLLEC1 4-H Forestry Project OFEC COLLEC1 and Advancement Program Club Series 1-4 May 1962 . Na me______________ Address____________ School or community County Club leader_________ Name of club_______ Cooperative Extension Service Oregon State University, Corvallis Oregon 4-H Forestry Project What do you do in a 4-H Forestry project? Each year you must do the following: 1. Take at least three hikes into the woods to study trees, other forest plants, and wildlife. Find and identify at least 10 forest items on each hike. (Use pocket guide.) 2. Learn to identify at least 10 new trees or forest plants. Observe 5 or more different kinds of native birds, animals, fish, or reptiles Be able to describe them. Tell what they eat, where they nest or have their young, how they spend the winter, and. how they fit into the life of the forest 4-. Learn at least 10 new "woods words." Know their meaning and how to spell them 5. Participate in your clubts activities. S a. Attend club meetings regularly and be on time. You may be dropped from the club if you have two consecutive or a total of three unexcused absences.Be sure to call your leader and get excused if you cannot attend. b. Individual members (those not in a 4--H club) must complete a step in the advancement program each year until they have completed three steps (or equivalent). 6. Advance as far as you can in the Forestry Advancement program. 7. Write a story of your experiences as a 4-H forestry club member on "My Li_H Story" form, 8.