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The Vietnam War an Australian Perspective
THE VIETNAM WAR AN AUSTRALIAN PERSPECTIVE [Compiled from records and historical articles by R Freshfield] Introduction What is referred to as the Vietnam War began for the US in the early 1950s when it deployed military advisors to support South Vietnam forces. Australian advisors joined the war in 1962. South Korea, New Zealand, The Philippines, Taiwan and Thailand also sent troops. The war ended for Australian forces on 11 January 1973, in a proclamation by Governor General Sir Paul Hasluck. 12 days before the Paris Peace Accord was signed, although it was another 2 years later in May 1975, that North Vietnam troops overran Saigon, (Now Ho Chi Minh City), and declared victory. But this was only the most recent chapter of an era spanning many decades, indeed centuries, of conflict in the region now known as Vietnam. This story begins during the Second World War when the Japanese invaded Vietnam, then a colony of France. 1. French Indochina – Vietnam Prior to WW2, Vietnam was part of the colony of French Indochina that included Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Vietnam was divided into the 3 governances of Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina. (See Map1). In 1940, the Japanese military invaded Vietnam and took control from the Vichy-French government stationing some 30,000 troops securing ports and airfields. Vietnam became one of the main staging areas for Japanese military operations in South East Asia for the next five years. During WW2 a movement for a national liberation of Vietnam from both the French and the Japanese developed in amongst Vietnamese exiles in southern China. -
Not for Publication Until Released by the House Subcommittee on Defense Committee on Appropriations
NOT FOR PUBLICATION UNTIL RELEASED BY THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON DEFENSE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS STATEMENT OF VICE ADMIRAL LUKE M. McCOLLUM, U.S. NAVY CHIEF OF NAVY RESERVE BEFORE THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON DEFENSE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS FISCAL YEAR 2021 NATIONAL GUARD AND RESERVE March 3, 2020 NOT FOR PUBLICATION UNTIL RELEASED BY THE HOUSE SUBCOMMITTEE ON DEFENSE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 4 NAVY RESERVE FORCE ................................................................................................................................... 5 Commander, Navy Reserve Forces Command (CNRFC) ........................................................................... 5 Commander, Naval Air Forces Reserve (CNAFR) ...................................................................................... 5 Commander, Naval Information Force Reserve (CNIFR) .......................................................................... 6 Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) ........................................................................................ 7 PERSONNEL ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Civilian Skills .............................................................................................................................................. 7 -
Vietnam War: Saigon Evacuation After Action Report
Vietnam War: Saigon Evacuation After Action Report Summary of the evacuation of Saigon, South Vietnam under Operation Frequent Wind: Operations Analysis Group, report no. 2-75. (16 May 1975) BACM RESEARCH WWW.PAPERLESSARCHIVES.COM About BACM Research – PaperlessArchives.com BACM Research/PaperlessArchives.com publishes documentary historical research collections. Materials cover Presidencies, Historical Figures, Historical Events, Celebrities, Organized Crime, Politics, Military Operations, Famous Crimes, Intelligence Gathering, Espionage, Civil Rights, World War I, World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War, and more. Source material from Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Security Agency (NSA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Secret Service, National Security Council, Department of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Department of Justice, National Archive Records and Administration, and Presidential Libraries. http://www.paperlessarchives.com Vietnam War: Saigon Evacuation After Action Report Summary of the evacuation of Saigon, South Vietnam under Operation Frequent Wind: Operations Analysis Group, report no. 2-75. On 29 April 1975, Operation Frequent Wind was executed, and 1373 American citizens, 5595 Vietnamese and Third Country Nationals were successfully evacuated by helicopter from the American Embassy Saigon and the DAO compound. Status of events, planning, activation, evacuation operations, lessons learned, and after-action reports regarding Operation Frequent Wind are all covered in this document. Also include several National Security Agency helicopter pilot radio transmissions during the Saigon evacuation transcript sheets. This 16 May 1975 report was declassified on 31 December 1985. .,. U"CLAS~I~ltU ' . SBHFfHENT'~l HEADQUARTERS OF . THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF· PACIFIC OPERATIONS ANALYSIS GROUP FPO SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA 96610 OPERATIONS, ANALYSIS. GROUP REPORT NO. -
January 1980
A I A t B in this issue: Interview With Secretary Hidalgo JANUARY 1980 MAGAZINE OF'THE U.S. NAVY - 57th YEAR OF PUBLICATION JANUARY 1980 NUMBER 756 Chief of Naval Operations: ADM Thomas B. Hayward .Chiefof.lnformation: RADM David M. Cooney OIC Navy hternal Relations Act: CAPT Robert K. Lewis Jr. Director, NlRA Print Media Div: LT Christine A. Zebrowski Features 6 "WITHOUT LEADERSHIP,THERE IS NO GUIDANCE. .:' New SecNav sees the Navy from different perspectives Page 20 12 HITTING THE RAMP Snowmobile champ feels at home in Iceland 13 THE CELERY STUMPED THEM American sailors spend seven days in Romania 17 NORFOLK MAKES THE CONNECTION Family Services Center phones are ringing 20 "SEND THESE,THE HOMELESS, TEMPEST-TOST, TO ME.. ." 7th Fleet rescues Vietnamese refugees from South China Sea 24 WHIPPLE'S HUMAN LINK TO FREEDOM Four crewmen receive Navy and Marine Corps medals 26 YOUR OBLIGATIONS No. 14 in a series on Navy Rights and Benefits 32 THEY'REMORE THAN ENTERTAINERS Chuting Stars perform aerial acrobatics 42 ALL HANDSINDEX FOR 1979 Page 26 bepartrnents 2 Currents 38 Bearings 48 Mail Buoy Covers Front: Old hands in new positions: SecNav Edward Hidalgo (left) and Deputy SecDef W. Graham Claytor Jr. Photo by Dave Wilson. Inside Front: LT Phil Camp wins the Fourth Annual Marine Corps Marathon with a winning time of 2: 19.35 for the 26.2 mile course. LT Camp is a flight instructor for VT-6. Pen- sacola, Fla. Photo by James Thresher, The Washington Post. Staff: Editor: John Coleman; News Editor: Joanne E. Dumene Associates: Richard Hosier (Layout), Michael Tuffli (Art), Edward Jenkins (Research). -
The Perspective of One of the Last Eleven Marines to Leave Vietnam
Escape, Surrender, or Fight: The Perspective of One of the Last Eleven Marines to Leave Vietnam Interviewer: Jack Tsintolas Interviewee: Terry J. Bennington Instructor: Alex Haight Date: February 17, 2015 Table of Contents Interviewee Release Form……………….………………………………………...………3 Interviewer Release Form....................................................................................................4 Statement of Purpose…………………….……………………………...…………....…...5 Biography….…………………………………………………………...………………….6 The Vietnam War: Plagued with Politics from the Start…………….……………………8 Interview Transcription………………………………………………………..................23 Interview Analysis……………………………………………………………………….63 Appendix...……………………………………………………………………………….69 Works Consulted……………………………………………………………....................72 Statement of Purpose The purpose of this Oral History Project is to provide a greater understanding and a new perspective of the Fall of Saigon through an interview with Mr. Terry Bennington, a retired Marine Security Guard, who experienced the North Vietnamese takeover firsthand. As the culmination of the long Vietnam War, the Fall of Saigon is a perfect example of the United States’ role in world affairs and how politics failed the war effort. Mr. Bennington’s memories will provide a primary source as to what transpired in Vietnam during the Fall of Saigon as well as to promote further study on this momentous event in United States history. Biography of Terry J. Bennington Terry J Bennington was born on November 15th, 1952 in Bellaire, Ohio. When he was four years old, his mother committed suicide. When Bennington’s father remarried, his family moved to Bridgeport, Ohio. He went to Bridgeport High School, but ran around nearby on Wheeling Island, which is in Wheeling, West Virginia. In high school Bennington participated in his school’s wrestling team and placed second in the state in his junior year for his weight class. -
The Fall of Sai Gon 30 April 1975
WALL NOTE TWO: THE FALL OF SAI GON 30 APRIL 1975 DANIEL R. ARANT [email protected] DATE OF INFORMATION: 06 MAY 2008 "We must ensure that any major foreign policy commitment has the full support and understanding of the American people....." GEORGE H. W. BUSH, 41st President of the United States. "The American soldiers who fought in the war did so out of a sense of duty to their country, but their country betrayed them by sending them to an unconscionable war." PHILIP CAPUTO, U.S. Marine infantry platoon leader in Viet Nam and author of A Rumor of War. "... the leaders who planned and executed the war did not understand what they were getting into. The values and ideals we stood for were correct, but it was the wrong war in the wrong place - a place we did not know." RICHARD HOLBROOKE, Foreign Service diplomat in Viet Nam. "Those Americans who went to Vietnam fought for freedom, a truly noble cause. This battle was lost not by those brave Americans and South Vietnamese troops who were waging it but by political misjudgments and strategic failure at the highest levels of government." RONALD REAGAN, 40th President of the United States. "The Vietnam War was a political war that imposed restraints on the military that prevented use of power that we had readily available. ... it was very difficult to tell friend from foe, hence the Calley affair." ADM. THOMAS H. MOORER, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1970-1974). "It was a disastrous, insane, imperial invasion of a weirdo Third World country." TIMOTHY LEARY. -
Shaping the Future Metropolis the Metropolitan Subic Area
SHAPING THE FUTURE METROPOLIS THE METROPOLITAN SUBIC AREA MICHAEL V. TOMELDAN UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE AND REDONDO PENINSULA 16TH SUSTAINABLE SHARED GROWTH SEMINAR THE URBAN-RURAL GAP AND SUSTAINABLE SHARED GROWTH SHAPING THE FUTURE METROPOLIS: THE METROPOLITAN SUBIC AREA OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION Part 1.0 URBANIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES Part 2.0 THE METROPOLITAN SUBIC AREA Part 3.0 MODELS FOR SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT Part 4.0 LAND USE STRATEGIES FOR THE FUTURE MSA CONCLUSION URBANIZATION IN THE PHILIPPINES The Spanish Colonial Period (1565-1898) LAWS OF THE INDIES (Leyes de Indias) - Perhaps, the most significant set of planning guidelines as it became the basis for the layout of many towns in the Americas. KING PHILIP II - The “Laws of the Indies” were decreed by King Philip II in 1573. - The laws guided Spanish colonists on how to create and expand towns in Spanish territories in America and in the Philippines. - There were about 148 guidelines - It establishes the church as urban landmark and plaza public space. Church & Plaza in Vigan, Ilocos Sur INTRAMUROS AND SETTLEMENTS IN AND NEAR MANILA 4 URBANIZATION IN THE PHILIPINES The Spanish Colonial Period (1565-1898) MANILA, 1872 - Large sections outside of Intramuros were still agricultural - Roads radiated from Intramuros outwards to other parishes & villages - The esteros were the main channels for storm drainage as well as transportation. URBANIZATION IN THE PHILIPINES AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD (1898- 1946) Daniel H. Burnham was commissioned in 1904 to prepare plans for Manila and Baguio City. Daniel Burnham The City Beautiful Style: • Symmetrical Layout – Axes for Symmetry • Grand Vistas and Viewing Corridors • Radial Boulevards • Monumental Buildings • Parks and Gardens AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD URBANIZATION IN THE PHILIPINES Features of the Burnham Plan for Manila, 1920s METRO MANILA a.k.a. -
BP Jul 10 Ver2
T H E bright penny July 2010 A NEWSLETTER FOR MEMBERS OF THE USS BERKELEY (DDG-15) ASSOCIATION Reunion 2010 just a month away Denver Reunion BTCS (SW) Darrel Williams was Our next reunion is now born in Perham, Minnesota in March In the Spotlight less than two months 1948. He graduated from Pelican away, and deadlines are Rapids High School in 1966. quickly approaching. If He joined the Navy in August 1967 you plan to attend or (after being prodded by the Draft believe you may be Board) reporting to the Recruit attending, we urge you to Training Center, Great Lakes in call 303-296-0400 and December. Upon completion of make your room Recruit Training he reported to his reservations at the Downtown Denver first ship the USS Guadalcanal LPH- Comfort Inn. July 19th is the deadline to 7, homeported at Norfolk, VA. reserve rooms at our special reunion rate, While serving aboard Guadalcanal the and this will also be the deadline for ship recovered the Apollo 9 Manned Space Flight Capsule and Astronauts registering for the reunion. Please mail after an Atlantic splash down in your payment for the reunion ($60 per March 1969. After a short exodus person) to the USS Berkeley Association, th from the Navy in Nov. 71 he re- C/O Gerry Hansen, 6318 S. 20 Street, enlisted in Feb. 1972 and reported Milwaukee, WI 53221 no later than th to BT “B” school in Philadelphia, PA. August 7 to ensure receipt before Gerry His next assignment was the USS departs for the reunion. -
History Uss Oklahoma City (Clg-5)
HISTORY U.S.S OKLAHOMA CITY (CLG-5) The USS OKLAHOMA CITY (CLG-5), a guided missile light cruiser, is named for the capital city of Oklahoma. She was originally built as the light cruiser OKLAHOMA CITY (CL-91) by William Cramp and Sons of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Her keel was laid on 8 December 1942, and she was commissioned on 22 December 1944. After a series of shakedown cruises in the Caribbean, she conducted local operations in the Hawaii area and then sailed for Ulithi, arriving there on 1 June 1945. Once in the Pacific Theater, OKLAHOMA CITY served as a screen for carriers and participated in the bombardment of the Japanese home islands. She pulled into Tokyo Bay 10 September 1945, and conducted local operations until early 1946. OKLAHOMA CITY arrived in San Francisco on 14 February for inactivation. She was decommissioned on 30 June 1947, and assigned to the San Francisco group of the Pacific Reserve Fleet. OUT OF MOTHBALLS On 7 March 1957 the ship arrived at the yards of the Bethlehem Pacific Coast Company of San Francisco and conversion of OKLAHOMA CITY to a guided missile light cruiser commenced on 21 May 1957. USS OKLAHOMA CITY, was commissioned as CLG-5 at Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard 7 December 1960. On 8 February 1961, the OKLAHOMA CITY became the first combatant unit of the US Pacific Fleet to successfully fire a Talos guided missile. Following this exercise, final acceptance trials were run in early March for the Navy Department Board of Inspection and Survey. -more- SHIP'S HISTORY 2-2-2 OKLAHOMA CITY conducted shakedown cruises and trained from March through May 1961 under the operational control of the Commander, Fleet Training Group, San Diego. -
BGF Report. Peace and Security in the Pacific. January 2015..Docx
Framework for Peace and Security in the Pacific: A Boston Global Forum Report By Boston Global Forum February 2015 This report is derived from Boston Global Forum (BGF) conferences. A range of views, some conflicting, were expressed by conference participants. Accordingly, the viewpoints expressed in this report are those of BGF and should not be attributed to individual participants. 1 Table of Contents Table of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Threats to Peace and Security in the Pacific ................................................................................................. 3 Principles for Creating Peace and Security in the Pacific .............................................................................. 6 Policies to Promote Peace and Security in the Pacific .................................................................................. 7 APPENDIX: List of conference participants……………………………………………………………………………………………….8 2 Introduction During the past year, the Boston Global Forum (BGF) held a series of online international conferences to address the problem of peace and security in the Pacific. The conferences focused on the tensions between China, the Philippines, Vietnam and Japan over claims to the South and East China seas. Conference participants -
Inside … 3 Distinguished Alumnus Recognized 8 Not So Social Media
PLY SUP CO VY R A P The S N F OUNDATION Oakleaf The newsletter of the U.S. Navy Supply Corps Foundation July 2016 $250,000 awarded to scholarship winners for 2016-2017 By CDR Jack Evans, SC, USN (Ret.), Chief Staff Officer Fifty-six students, including children and grandchildren Warner (Spouse’s chair). CDR Jack Evans, SC, USN (Ret.) of Supply Corps officers and supply enlisted personnel, were (NSCF Chief Staff Officer) served as the recorder. awarded Navy Supply Corps Foundation scholarships for Again this year the scholarship applications were uploaded the 2016-2017 academic year. Since 1971, the Foundation has to a secure website making them available for each board awarded 2,328 scholarships valued in excess of $5,252,000. member to review and grade from home. The selection board The board included CAPT Ken Epps, SC, USN (Active Duty convened virtually in March and then met as a group on 9 chair); CAPT Mike Plunkett, SC, USN (Ret.) (Retired chair); April in Atlanta. The 116 applicants were ranked on scholastic CAPT James Shelton, SC, USN (Reserve chair); CMC James ability, character, leadership, and financial need. The names Collins USN (Ret.) (Senior Enlisted chair); and Mrs. Amiee Continued on page 16 Chapter, Volunteer of the Year and DA nominations due By CAPT Pete Eltringham, SC, USN (Ret.), Recognition Committee Chair 2016 Oakleaf River cruise a hit! A hero is someone who has given of his or her life to something big- ger than oneself. -Joseph Campbell Navy Supply Corps Foundation heroes are out there. Please help find them and ensure they are recognized for their outstanding work. -
Black Sailors, White Dominion in the New Navy, 1893-1942 A
“WE HAVE…KEPT THE NEGROES’ GOODWILL AND SENT THEM AWAY”: BLACK SAILORS, WHITE DOMINION IN THE NEW NAVY, 1893-1942 A Thesis by CHARLES HUGHES WILLIAMS, III Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2008 Major Subject: History “WE HAVE . KEPT THE NEGROES’ GOODWILL AND SENT THEM AWAY”: BLACK SAILORS, WHITE DOMINION IN THE NEW NAVY, 1893-1942 A Thesis by CHARLES HUGHES WILLIAMS, III Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved by: Chair of Committee, James C. Bradford Committee Members, Julia Kirk Blackwelder Albert Broussard David Woodcock Head of Department, Walter Buenger August 2008 Major Subject: History iii ABSTRACT “We have . kept the negroes’ goodwill and sent them away”: Black Sailors, White Dominion in the New Navy, 1893-1942. (August 2008) Charles Hughes Williams, III, B.A., University of Virginia Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. James C. Bradford Between 1893 and 1920 the rising tide of racial antagonism and discrimination that swept America fundamentally altered racial relations in the United States Navy. African Americans, an integral part of the enlisted force since the Revolutionary War, found their labor devalued and opportunities for participation and promotion curtailed as civilian leaders and white naval personnel made repeated attempts to exclude blacks from the service. Between 1920 and 1942 the few black sailors who remained in the navy found few opportunities. The development of Jim Crow in the U.S.