DOCSLIB.ORG

Great Lakes - St

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Great Lakes - St Great Lakes - St. Lawrence River Adaptive Management (GLAM) Committee Annex 1: Supplementary impact assessment information for Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence River November 26, 2018 i Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Adaptive Management (GLAM) Committee Lake Ontario – St. Lawrence River Annex 1 – Impact Assessment Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................... ii 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Impact Assessment Background .......................................................................................... 1 3.0 Municipal and Industrial ...................................................................................................... 3 3.1 Summary of GLAM work and other agency activities to assess impacts .................... 3 3.2 Media coverage ............................................................................................................. 5 3.3 Impacts of 2017 water level conditions ........................................................................ 7 3.3.1 Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River – State of New York .................... 7 3.3.2 Lake Ontario and the upper St. Lawrence River – Province of Ontario ................. 13 3.2.3 St. Lawrence River – Province of Quebec .............................................................. 16 3.3 Model/PI validation .................................................................................................... 16 3.4 Adaptive responses ..................................................................................................... 17 4.0 Commercial Navigation ..................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Summary of GLAM work and other agency activities to assess impacts .................. 19 4.2 Media coverage ........................................................................................................... 19 4.3 Impacts of 2017 water level conditions ...................................................................... 20 4.3.1 Lake Ontario (Welland Canal to St. Lawrence River – Cape Vincent) .................. 20 4.3.2 St. Lawrence Ship Channel (Below the Port of Montreal) ..................................... 26 4.4 Model Assessment/PI validation ................................................................................ 27 4.4.1 Commercial Navigation PIs .................................................................................... 27 4.5 Adaptive responses ..................................................................................................... 29 4.6 General surveillance ................................................................................................... 30 5.0 Hydropower ........................................................................................................................ 32 5.1 Summary of GLAM work and other agency activities to assess impacts .................. 32 5.2 Media coverage ........................................................................................................... 32 5.3 Impacts of 2017 water level conditions ...................................................................... 32 5.4 Model Assessment/PI validation ................................................................................ 37 5.4.1 Hydropower PIs ...................................................................................................... 37 5.5 Adaptive responses ..................................................................................................... 40 5.6 General surveillance ................................................................................................... 40 6.0 Coastal Impacts .................................................................................................................. 42 6.1 Summary of GLAM work and other agency activities to assess impacts .................. 42 ii Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Adaptive Management (GLAM) Committee Lake Ontario – St. Lawrence River Annex 1 – Impact Assessment 6.2 Media Coverage .......................................................................................................... 48 6.3 Impacts of 2017 water level conditions ...................................................................... 51 6.3.1 Lake Ontario and upper St. Lawrence River – State of New York ........................ 52 6.3.2 Lake Ontario and upper St. Lawrence River – Province of Ontario ....................... 77 6.3.3 Lower St. Lawrence River .................................................................................... 100 6.4 Model/PI validation ..................................................................................................... 115 Example Photographs Submitted by Property Owners ..................................................... 121 7.0 Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................ 127 7.1 Summary of GLAM work and other agency activities to assess impacts ................ 127 7.1.1 GLAM Related Activities: .................................................................................... 127 7.2 Media coverage ......................................................................................................... 129 7.3 Impacts of 2017 water level conditions .................................................................... 130 7.4 General surveillance ................................................................................................. 137 7.5 Model/PI validation .................................................................................................. 138 7.5.1 Lake Ontario and Upper River model efforts and Results:................................... 138 7.5.2 Lower St. Lawrence River model efforts and results: .......................................... 142 7.6 Adaptive responses ................................................................................................... 149 8.0 Recreational Boating and Tourism ................................................................................... 150 8.1 Summary of GLAM work and other agency activities to assess impacts ................ 150 8.2 Media Coverage ........................................................................................................ 152 8.3 Impacts/Benefits of 2017 water level conditions ..................................................... 153 8.3.1 Lake Ontario – State of New York ....................................................................... 153 8.3.2 Lake Ontario – Province of Ontario...................................................................... 161 8.3.3 Upper St. Lawrence River – State of New York and Province of Ontario ........... 170 8.3.4 Lower St. Lawrence River – Montreal to Trois-Rivières ..................................... 173 8.4 Model/PI validation .............................................................................................. 179 8.5 Adaptive responses ................................................................................................... 180 8.6 Surveillance .............................................................................................................. 181 References ......................................................................................................................... 183 Cover photo: High water conditions near Fair Haven, New York Photo credit: US Army Corps of Engineers, June 2017. iii Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Adaptive Management (GLAM) Committee Lake Ontario – St. Lawrence River Annex 1 – Impact Assessment 1.0 Introduction This Annex (Annex 1) provides further information on the impacts of 2017 water level and flow conditions within the Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River system on various interest categories and is intended as a supplemental reference to the main report. The year 2017 provided a unique opportunity to gather data under extreme conditions and the GLAM Committee endeavored to collect or gain access to as much data and information as possible about the impacts that occurred in 2017 across many different areas of interest. While it was well beyond the GLAM Committee’s current resources to pursue this information whole- scale, the GLAM Committee concentrated on the most efficient data collection efforts by focusing on information that could contribute in the short term to the evaluation of the existing agreed-upon performance metrics. Having said that, much of the quantitative economic data on impacts from high water levels in 2017 needed to support the validation of models used to evaluate the performance of the regulation plans is not yet available and, in some cases, may never be available. It should also be noted that effects of the 2017 event on some performance indicators are not observed within a year of the extreme conditions. For example, it may be several years before the 2017 impacts to the ecosystem are realized in full. The GLAM Committee is acutely aware of the dangers of making premature conclusions based on what has been observed and reported since the spring of 2017. Aside from the efforts reported on here, it is critical to pursue the development of a long-term monitoring strategy to ensure that the GLAM Committee continues to collect the information
Load more

Recommended publications
  • S T a T E O F N E W Y O R K 3695--A 2009-2010
    S T A T E O F N E W Y O R K ________________________________________________________________________ 3695--A 2009-2010 Regular Sessions I N A S S E M B L Y January 28, 2009 ___________ Introduced by M. of A. ENGLEBRIGHT -- Multi-Sponsored by -- M. of A. KOON, McENENY -- read once and referred to the Committee on Tourism, Arts and Sports Development -- recommitted to the Committee on Tour- ism, Arts and Sports Development in accordance with Assembly Rule 3, sec. 2 -- committee discharged, bill amended, ordered reprinted as amended and recommitted to said committee AN ACT to amend the parks, recreation and historic preservation law, in relation to the protection and management of the state park system THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, REPRESENTED IN SENATE AND ASSEM- BLY, DO ENACT AS FOLLOWS: 1 Section 1. Legislative findings and purpose. The legislature finds the 2 New York state parks, and natural and cultural lands under state manage- 3 ment which began with the Niagara Reservation in 1885 embrace unique, 4 superlative and significant resources. They constitute a major source of 5 pride, inspiration and enjoyment of the people of the state, and have 6 gained international recognition and acclaim. 7 Establishment of the State Council of Parks by the legislature in 1924 8 was an act that created the first unified state parks system in the 9 country. By this act and other means the legislature and the people of 10 the state have repeatedly expressed their desire that the natural and 11 cultural state park resources of the state be accorded the highest 12 degree of protection.
    [Show full text]
  • Doggin' America's Beaches
    Doggin’ America’s Beaches A Traveler’s Guide To Dog-Friendly Beaches - (and those that aren’t) Doug Gelbert illustrations by Andrew Chesworth Cruden Bay Books There is always something for an active dog to look forward to at the beach... DOGGIN’ AMERICA’S BEACHES Copyright 2007 by Cruden Bay Books All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher. Cruden Bay Books PO Box 467 Montchanin, DE 19710 www.hikewithyourdog.com International Standard Book Number 978-0-9797074-4-5 “Dogs are our link to paradise...to sit with a dog on a hillside on a glorious afternoon is to be back in Eden, where doing nothing was not boring - it was peace.” - Milan Kundera Ahead On The Trail Your Dog On The Atlantic Ocean Beaches 7 Your Dog On The Gulf Of Mexico Beaches 6 Your Dog On The Pacific Ocean Beaches 7 Your Dog On The Great Lakes Beaches 0 Also... Tips For Taking Your Dog To The Beach 6 Doggin’ The Chesapeake Bay 4 Introduction It is hard to imagine any place a dog is happier than at a beach. Whether running around on the sand, jumping in the water or just lying in the sun, every dog deserves a day at the beach. But all too often dog owners stopping at a sandy stretch of beach are met with signs designed to make hearts - human and canine alike - droop: NO DOGS ON BEACH.
    [Show full text]
  • Rather Dead Than Enslaved: the Blacks of York in the War of 1812 by Peter Meyler
    The Newsletter of The Friends of Fort York and Garrison Common v. 16 No.4 Sept 2012 1 Rather Dead than Enslaved: The Blacks of 5 The Soldiers at Fort York Armoury York in the War of 1812 7 Bicentennial Timeline 2 “Particularly Torontoesque”: 8 Administrator’s Report Commemorating the Centennial of 9 Tracking Nature at Fort York the War of 1812 11 Upcoming Events 4 Brock Day in Guernsey Rather Dead than Enslaved: The Blacks of York in the War of 1812 by Peter Meyler In 1812 York may have been a “dirty straggling village,” but Upper Canada’s capital was also a place of diversity. Government officials, soldiers, merchants, and artisans mixed with clerks, servants, and even slaves in a town of barely 700 persons. The number who were Black can only be guessed at. Some were freeborn, others had escaped slavery from the United States, but a number were slaves. Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe’s 1793 Act prevented the further importation of slaves into Upper Canada, but did not free those who were enslaved. Among the province’s slave-owners was Robert Gray, the solicitor general. His household at York included his manservant, Simon Baker, Simon’s brother John, and two Black female servants. In 1804 Gray and Simon both perished when the Speedy, a ship on which they were travelling, was lost in a storm on Lake Ontario. Under Gray’s will, all his slaves were freed. During the War of 1812 John Baker left York and served with the 104th New Brunswick Regiment. He later returned to Upper Canada to live in Cornwall where he died in his nineties.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Attendance Zones for 2013-2014
    SUMMARY OF ATTENDANCE ZONES FOR 2013-2014 KEY – SIDE OF STREET/BOUNDARY: (N) NORTH (S) SOUTH (W) WEST (E) EAST (B) BOTH (*) NONE Zone Early Immersion Bilingual Zone Description Highway 13 (W) from the Dorval-Dollard-Pierrefonds-St. Laurent boundary to Riviere-des- Prairies Riviere-des-Prairies (S) from Highway 13 to a line West of Deslaurier Line West of Deslaurier (B) to Gouin to tracks to Roxboro-Dollard boundary (S) to a line West of Andras Drive (B) to Spring Sunshine Springdale 1 Garden (E) to Hyman to a line North of Carson (B) to a line South of Village Street (*) to Sources Blvd. Highway 40 (N) at Sources Blvd to Dorval-St. Laurent boundary Sources Blvd. (E) from Highway 40 to a line South of Du Village Corner of Hyman / Spring Garden (W) to a line West of Andras Drive (*) to Dollard-Roxboro boundary to tracks Roxboro-Dollard boundary (S) from 2 Sunshine Springdale Sources Blvd. to tracks Sources Blvd. (E) from line South of Village Street to Dollard-Roxboro boundary Sources Blvd. To a line south of Village Street (B) to a line North of Carson (*) to corner of Spring Garden and Hyman Line from Gouin west of Rue Deslauriers (*) to Riviere des Prairies Riviere-des-Prairies from a line West of Rue Deslauriers to a line North of Gravel Riviere-des-Prairies to a line west of Gravel (B) to Richer (B) to Langevin (B) to Gouin across to Dresden (B) to Pierrefonds Blvd. Corner of Dresden Sunshine Springdale 3 and Pierrefonds Blvd. (N) to Sources Blvd.
    [Show full text]
  • QHN Spring 2020 Layout 1
    WESTWARD HO! QHN FEATURES JOHN ABBOTT COLLEGE & MONTREAL’S WEST ISLAND $10 Quebec VOL 13, NO. 2 SPRING 2020 News “An Integral Part of the Community” John Abbot College celebrates seven decades Aviation, Arboretum, Islands and Canals Heritage Highlights along the West Island Shores Abbott’s Late Dean The Passing of a Memorable Mentor Quebec Editor’s desk 3 eritageNews H Vocation Spot Rod MacLeod EDITOR Who Are These Anglophones Anyway? 4 RODERICK MACLEOD An Address to the 10th Annual Arts, Matthew Farfan PRODUCTION Culture and Heritage Working Group DAN PINESE; MATTHEW FARFAN The West Island 5 PUBLISHER A Brief History Jim Hamilton QUEBEC ANGLOPHONE HERITAGE NETWORK John Abbott College 8 3355 COLLEGE 50 Years of Success Heather Darch SHERBROOKE, QUEBEC J1M 0B8 The Man from Argenteuil 11 PHONE The Life and Times of Sir John Abbott Jim Hamilton 1-877-964-0409 (819) 564-9595 A Symbol of Peace in 13 FAX (819) 564-6872 St. Anne de Bellevue Heather Darch CORRESPONDENCE [email protected] A Backyard Treasure 15 on the West Island Heather Darch WEBSITES QAHN.ORG QUEBECHERITAGEWEB.COM Boisbriand’s Legacy 16 100OBJECTS.QAHN.ORG A Brief History of Senneville Jim Hamilton PRESIDENT Angus Estate Heritage At Risk 17 GRANT MYERS Matthew Farfan EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR MATTHEW FARFAN Taking Flight on the West Island 18 PROJECT DIRECTORS Heather Darch DWANE WILKIN HEATHER DARCH Muskrats and Ruins on Dowker Island 20 CHRISTINA ADAMKO Heather Darch GLENN PATTERSON BOOKKEEPER Over the River and through the Woods 21 MARION GREENLAY to the Morgan Arboretum We Go! Heather Darch Quebec Heritage News is published quarterly by QAHN with the support Tiny Island’s Big History 22 of the Department of Canadian Heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • OHS Bulletin Readers Will Remem- Downloadable Lesson Plans for Mayor Francis Richardson and Ber Last Year’S Forging Freedom Elementary (Gr
    ULLETIN OHST H E NEW S LETTER O F BT H E O NTARI O H I S T O RICAL so CIETY I SSUE 166 S EPTEMBER 2008 The OHS and CHO Present The OHS Launches the 2008 Cookbook Caper! Forging Freedom Website For the sixth consecutive year, cuisine (e.g. Italian, French, etc), The Ontario Historical Society is wines, desserts (yes, that includes proud to join forces with the Culi- chocolate!), and much, much more! nary Historians of Ontario (CHO) The CHO will offer a wonderful to present the Cookbook Caper! tearoom where bargain hunters This annual cookbook sale and tea can relax with tea and delicious will be hosted at the historic John sweets and baked goods. Be sure McKenzie House (two blocks north to mark your calendars, as this is of North York Centre Subway) a wonderful opportunity to add to at 34 Parkview Ave. in Willowdale your cookbook collection or to find on Sunday, November 23, 2008 special Christmas gifts for others! between 1:00 and 4:00 p.m. Peruse Donations of cookbooks are much through hundreds of new and appreciated and can be made at gently-used cookbooks on a variety any time by contacting the OHS at of topics, including regional 416.226.9011. Meaford Museum Receives Trillium Grant for Accessibility On August 11th, the OHS attended a special event at the Meaford Museum during which it was announced that the Meaford Museum had been awarded a grant Pictured above is a preview of the Forging Freedom website of $31,800 by the Trillium Foun- homepage.
    [Show full text]
  • Invading Species Awareness Program for Ontario 2009
    2009/10 Invading Species Awareness Program for Ontario Annual Report for 2009/10 INVADING SPECIES AWARENESS PROGRAM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Invading Species Awareness Program The Invading Species Awareness Program (ISAP) has been a joint partnership initiative of the O.F.A.H. and the MNR since 1992; focusing on preventing invasive species introductions to Ontario’s forests and waters. In 2009, in collaboration with hundreds of community groups, nongovernment organizations and all levels of government, the ISAP reached hundreds of thousands of Ontarians engaging their participation in prevention. Hundreds of citizen scientists and professional field staff from numerous agencies participated in our monitoring and reporting programs. The ISAP made valuable contributions to early detection and rapid response initiatives for invasive species threatening Ontario’s biodiversity such as Asian carp, kudzu, European water chestnut, and water soldier. 2009 marked the successful completion of a multi‐year provincial effort to train the bait industry to implement aquatic invasive species prevention plans throughout their industry. The ISAP made significant contributions to provincial, national and international initiatives including the Ontario Invasive Plant Council, the U.S. Great Lakes Panel on Aquatic Nuisance Species and the Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network, and the development of the bi‐national Lake Superior Aquatic Invasive Species Prevention Plan. Partnerships In 2009, the O.F.A.H. and the MNR continued the successful joint delivery of the ISAP, with O.F.A.H. staff working collaboratively with staff from MNR’s Biodiversity Section, as well as numerous district offices around the province. Federally, funding contributions were made from Environment Canada’s Invasive Alien Species Partnership Program, and the Lake Simcoe Clean Up Fund, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, and Human Resources Development Canada’s Canada Summer Jobs Program and Eco‐Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • National List of Beaches 2008
    National List of Beaches September 2008 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Water 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington DC 20460 EPA-823-R-08-004 Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 1 States Alabama........................................................................................................................................... 3 Alaska .............................................................................................................................................. 5 California.......................................................................................................................................... 6 Connecticut .................................................................................................................................... 15 Delaware........................................................................................................................................ 17 Florida ............................................................................................................................................ 18 Georgia .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Hawaii ............................................................................................................................................ 33 Illinois ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Southeast Lake Ontario Basin: Tables 1
    SE Lake Ontario Table 1. Multi-Resolution Land Classification (MRLC) land cover classifications and corresponding percent cover in the SE Lake Ontario Basin. Classification % Cover Deciduous Forest 34.17 Row Crops 24.38 Pasture/Hay 15.53 Mixed Forest 11.01 Water 5.01 Wooded Wetlands 3.17 Low Intensity Residential 2.57 Evergreen Forest 1.32 Parks, Lawns, Golf Courses 1.07 High Intensity Commercial/Industrial 0.79 High Intensity Residential 0.60 Emergent Wetlands 0.24 Barren; Quarries, Strip Mines, Gravel Pits 0.11 SE Lake Ontario Table 2. Species of Greatest Conservation Need currently occurring in the SE Lake Ontario Basin (n=129). Species are sorted alphabetically by taxonomic group and species common name. The Species Group designation is included, indicating which Species Group Report in the appendix will contain the full information about the species. The Stability of this basin's population is also indicated for each species. TaxaGroup SpeciesGroup Species Stability Bird Bald Eagle Bald eagle Increasing Bird Beach and Island ground-nesting birds Common tern Unknown Bird Breeding waterfowl Blue-winged teal Decreasing Bird Breeding waterfowl Ruddy duck Increasing Bird Colonial-nesting herons Black-crowned night-heron Decreasing Bird Common loon Common loon Unknown Bird Common nighthawk Common nighthawk Decreasing Bird Deciduous/mixed forest breeding birds Black-throated blue warbler Stable Bird Deciduous/mixed forest breeding birds Cerulean warbler Increasing Bird Deciduous/mixed forest breeding birds Kentucky warbler Unknown Bird Deciduous/mixed
    [Show full text]
  • 2016-2017 Summary of Attendance Zones
    2016-2017 SUMMARY OF ATTENDANCE ZONES TH KEY – SIDE OF STREET/BOUNDARY: (N) NORTH (S) SOUTH (W) WEST (E) EAST (B) BOTH (*) NONE REVISED APRIL 12 , 2017 Zone Early Immersion Bilingual Zone Description Highway 13 (W) from the Dorval-Dollard-Pierrefonds-St.Laurent boundary to Riviere-des- Prairies Riviere-des-Prairies (S) from Highway 13 to a line West of Deslaurier Line West of Deslaurier (B) to Gouin to tracks to Roxboro-Dollard boundary (S) to a line West of Andras 1 Sunshine Springdale Drive (B) to Spring Garden (E) to Hyman to a line North of Carson (B) to a line South of Village Street (*) to Sources Blvd. Highway 40 (N) at Sources Blvd to Dorval-St. Laurent boundary Sources Blvd. (E) from Highway 40 to a line South of Du Village Corner of Hyman / Spring Garden (W) to a line West of Andras Drive (*) to Dollard-Roxboro boundary to tracks Roxboro-Dollard boundary (S) from Sources Blvd. to tracks Sources Blvd. 2 Sunshine Springdale (E) from line South of Village Street to Dollard-Roxboro boundary Sources Blvd. To a line south of Village Street (B) to a line North of Carson (*) to corner of Spring Garden and Hyman Line from Gouin west of Rue Deslauriers (*) to RivieredesPrairies Riviere-des-Prairies from a line West of Rue Deslauriers to a line North of Gravel Riviere-des-Prairies to a line west of Gravel (B) to Richer (B) to Langevin (B) to Gouin across to Dresden (B) to Pierrefonds Blvd. 3 Sunshine Springdale Corner of Dresden and Pierrefonds Blvd. (N) to Sources Blvd.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Survey-Pdf
    St. Lawrence Eastern Lake Ontario Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management 2016 Field Survey Hemlock Wooly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae) SLELO-PRISM Early Detection Surveillance August 17th – 29th, 2016 Report prepared by Ashley Gingeleski and Ben Hansknecht on September 12th, 2016 Figure 1. Stand of eastern hemlock trees. Photo by Ashley Gingeleski. Introduction and Background1 Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), native to Asia, is a small, aphid-like insect that threatens the health and sustainability of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) (Figure 1). Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) was first discovered in the United States in 1951 near Richmond Virginia, and has since spread throughout the northeastern US and into the Midwest. Decline and mortality of hemlock after an infestation typically occurs between 4 and 10 years. Hemlocks stressed by drought, poor site conditions, disease, and other insect pests will show accelerated rates of mortality. HWA is active in cooler months and dormant during the summer, producing two generations per year. There are six developmental stages for HWA: the egg, four nymphal instars known as crawlers, and immobile adults. The crawlers are a dark reddish-brown to purple-black in color and are typically found along the branches of hemlock. These crawlers will attach to the base of a needle, feed, and loose mobility. Adults are less than one 16th of an inch long at maturity and produce a wool-like wax filament on the underside of branches to protect itself and Figure 2. Woolly egg masses produced by its eggs (Figure 2). The sticky, waxy covering produced hemlock woolly adelgid on eastern hemlock allows for the eggs to spread by attaching to deer, birds, tree branch.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges Tsugae) Surveillance
    1 St. Lawrence Eastern Lake Ontario Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management Special Note This report is to be considered as an addendum to the field reports from 2015 and 2016. The previous reports are attached to the end of this report. 2017 Field Survey Addendum to Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae) Surveillance Figure 1: Stand of Eastern Hemlocks at Salmon River Falls. Photo taken by Alicia Wood. SLELO-PRISM Early Detection Surveillance August 31th, September 5-7th & 11-12th, 2017 Report prepared by Bryna Daykin and Alicia Wood, 9/15/2017 Introduction and Background1 Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), native to Asia, is a small aphid-like insect that threatens the health and sustainability of eastern hemlocks (Tsuga canadensis). Hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) was first discovered in the United States in 1951 near Richmond Virginia, and has since spread throughout the northeastern U.S. and into the Midwest. Decline and mortality of hemlock after an infestation typically occurs between 4 and 10 years. Hemlocks stressed by drought, poor site conditions, disease, and other insect pests will show accelerated rates of mortality. 2,3 1 Introduction and Background edited from the 2015 SLELO-PRISM Hemlock Wooly Adelgid Survey, by Ben Hansknecht and Caitlin Muller: http://www.sleloinvasives.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/HWA-2015-Report-PDF.pdf 2 Information obtained from the United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service: https://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/pest_al/hemlock/hwa05.htm 3 Information obtained from the St. Lawrence Eastern Lake Ontario Partnership for Regional Invasive Species Management SLELO-PRISM: http://www.sleloinvasives.org/about-invasives/prevention-watch-list-species-in-slelo-region/hemlock-woolly- adelgid/ SLELO-PRISM c/o The Nature Conservancy 269 Ouderkirk Road.
    [Show full text]