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(COI) Report Montenegro

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(COI) Report Montenegro European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Montenegro Country Focus November 2016 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Montenegro Country Focus November 2016 Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Print ISBN: 978-92-9494-281-4 doi: 10.2847/142158 BZ-06-16-242-EN-C PDF ISBN: 978-92-9494-280-7 doi: 10.2847/55344 BZ-06-16-242-EN-N © European Asylum Support Office 2016 Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. EASO COI REPORT MONTENEGRO COUNTRY FOCUS - 3 Acknowledgments EASO would like to acknowledge the COI Unit of the Hungarian Office of Immigration and Nationality as the author of this report. The following departments reviewed this report: Germany, Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF); Slovak Republic, Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic, Migration Office, Department of Documentation and Foreign Cooperation. 4— EASO COI REPORT MONTENEGRO: COUNTRY FOCUS Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................... 3 Contents .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Disclaimer ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Glossary and Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 9 Methodology .................................................................................................................................. 9 Map ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 1. State structure ................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 11 1.2 Constitution ................................................................................................................................. 11 1.2 Executive branch ......................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.1 President .............................................................................................................................. 12 1.2.2 Government ......................................................................................................................... 13 1.3 Legislative branch: Parliament .................................................................................................... 13 1.4 Administration ............................................................................................................................ 14 2. Socio-political landscape ................................................................................................................... 15 2.1 Political parties ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.2 Elections and political developments ......................................................................................... 16 2.3 Civil society .................................................................................................................................. 18 2.4 Media (TV, radio, newspapers, Internet) .................................................................................... 19 3. Rule of Law and State Protection ...................................................................................................... 21 3.1. Law enforcement ....................................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1 Police/Intelligence services ................................................................................................. 21 3.1.2 Army..................................................................................................................................... 22 3.1.3 Corruption / fight against organised crime ......................................................................... 22 3.2 Judiciary ...................................................................................................................................... 23 Courts system ............................................................................................................................... 23 4. Security situation ............................................................................................................................... 26 5. Human rights situation ...................................................................................................................... 28 5.1 Legal context and institutional framework ................................................................................. 28 5.2 General situation ......................................................................................................................... 28 5.2.1 Freedom of expression ........................................................................................................ 29 5.2.2 Freedom of religion ............................................................................................................. 29 5.2.3 Freedom of assembly........................................................................................................... 30 EASO COI REPORT MONTENEGRO COUNTRY FOCUS - 5 5.2.4. Torture and other cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment and punishment ............... 30 5.2.5 Detention ............................................................................................................................. 30 5.3 Specific groups ............................................................................................................................ 31 5.3.1 Ethnic minorities .................................................................................................................. 31 5.3.2 Journalists and media .......................................................................................................... 32 5.3.3 Human rights and peace defenders..................................................................................... 33 5.3.4 Women ................................................................................................................................ 33 5.3.5 Children ................................................................................................................................ 34 5.3.6 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transsexual and Intersex Persons (LGBTI) ..................................... 34 5.3.7 Victims of Trafficking ........................................................................................................... 35 5.3.8 Refugees and IDPs ............................................................................................................... 36 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................... 37 Terms of Reference ............................................................................................................................... 43 6— EASO COI REPORT MONTENEGRO: COUNTRY FOCUS Disclaimer This report was written according to the EASO COI Report Methodology (2012) (1). It is based on carefully selected sources of information. All sources used are referenced. To the extent possible and unless otherwise stated, all information presented, except for undisputed or obvious facts, has been cross-checked. The information contained in this report has been researched, evaluated and analysed with utmost care. However, this document does not claim to be exhaustive. If a particular event, person or organisation is not mentioned in the report, this does not mean that the event has not taken place or that the person or organisation does not exist. Furthermore, this report is not conclusive as to the determination or merit of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Terminology used should not be regarded as indicative of a particular legal position. ‘Refugee’, ‘risk’ and similar terminology are used as a generic terminology and not as legally defined in the EU Asylum Acquis and the Geneva Convention. Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. The target users are asylum caseworkers, COI researchers, policymakers, and decision-making authorities. The drafting of this report was finalised on
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