DOCSLIB.ORG

Transcript2 1996-11 Meeting 12

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Transcript2 1996-11 Meeting 12 1 NATIVE AMERICAN GRAVES PROTECTION AND REPATRIATION REVIEW COMMITTEE MEETING NOVEMBER 1, 2 & 3, 1996 MYRTLE BEACH, SC VOLUME 2 SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1996 (Note: Software updated in October 2010. While content remains unchanged, formatting (to include transcript appearance and page numbers) may differ from original.) Lesa K. Hagel Consulting Rapid City, South Dakota (605) 342-3298 2 Lesa K. Hagel Consulting Rapid City, South Dakota (605) 342-3298 3 NATIVE AMERICAN GRAVES PROTECTION AND REPATRIATION REVIEW COMMITTEE MEETING 8:30 a.m. Saturday, November 2, 1996 Lopez Room Sands Ocean Club Myrtle Beach, SC COMMITTEE MEMBERS PRESENT: Ms. Tessie Naranjo, Chair Ms. Rachel Craig Mr. Jonathan Haas Mr. Lawrence Hart Mr. Daniel L. Monroe Mr. Martin Sullivan Mr. Phillip L. Walker Lesa K. Hagel Consulting Rapid City, South Dakota (605) 342-3298 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS REVIEW AGENDA - TESSIE NARANJO ........................ 6 DISPUTE OVER AN ONEIDA WAMPUM BELT .................... 7 MARTIN SULLIVAN ..................................... 7 ONEIDA NATION OF WISCONSIN ........................... 9 DEBORAH DOXTATOR .................................. 9 ANOKI SCHUYLER ................................... 10 LEANDER DANFORTH ................................. 10 BRUCE ELIJAH ..................................... 10 DEBORAH DOXTATOR ................................. 15 BRUCE ELIJAH ..................................... 18 CAROL CORNELIUS .................................. 26 MICHAEL LOKENSGARD ............................... 39 DEBORAH DOXTATOR ................................. 42 BRUCE ELIJAH ..................................... 42 FIELD MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY ..................... 48 RICHARD KOONTZ ................................... 48 BREAK ................................................ 61 DISPUTE OVER AN ONEIDA WAMPUM BELT - CONTINUED ....... 61 ONEIDA NATION OF NEW YORK ........................... 61 MICHAEL SMITH .................................... 61 KELLER GEORGE .................................... 73 BRIAN PATTERSON .................................. 79 LEANDER DANFORTH ................................. 82 MEMBERS OF THE COMMITTEE ............................ 82 LUNCH ............................................... 128 SPECIAL INVITATION TO THE COMMITTEE FROM THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR STATE AND LOCAL HISTORY ............. 129 DEANNA J. KERRIGAN, PROGRAM OFFICER ................ 129 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATUTE IN THE SOUTHEAST PRESENTATIONS ....................................... 134 BILL DAY .......................................... 134 ROLAND PONCHO ..................................... 151 MICHAEL HANEY ..................................... 153 BREAK ............................................... 183 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATUTE IN THE SOUTHEAST PRESENTATIONS - CONTINUED ........................... 183 JOYCE BEAR ........................................ 183 BOBBY C. BILLIE ................................... 190 Lesa K. Hagel Consulting Rapid City, South Dakota (605) 342-3298 5 SHANNON LARSEN .................................... 192 BOBBY C. BILLIE ................................... 197 NADINE HORNE ...................................... 206 JONATHAN LEADER ................................... 221 PUBLIC COMMENT ...................................... 232 RICHARD EDWARDS ................................... 232 SHANNON LARSEN .................................... 236 DAVID JUMPER ...................................... 238 BILL DAY .......................................... 242 SHANNON LARSEN .................................... 242 BOBBY C. BILLIE ................................... 244 NADEMA AGARD ...................................... 247 RICHARD EDWARDS ................................... 255 NADEMA AGARD ...................................... 257 MEETING RECESS ...................................... 267 Lesa K. Hagel Consulting Rapid City, South Dakota (605) 342-3298 6 1 REVIEW AGENDA - TESSIE NARANJO 2 TESSIE NARANJO: This morning's agenda is the 3 Oneida dispute over the wampum belt. What I'd like 4 to do is ask Jonathan Haas to excuse yourself from 5 the panel. 6 JONATHAN HAAS: But I'm here. 7 TESSIE NARANJO: But you're here. I'd also 8 like to mention that the order that you see on the 9 agenda is the order that the--that the testimony 10 will--will take place: first of all is the Oneida 11 Nation of Wisconsin, second is the Field Museum of 12 Natural History, third the Oneida Nation of New 13 York, and then after that discussion by members of 14 the Review Committee. 15 What I'd also like to say next is that I have 16 asked Marty Sullivan, one of the Repatriation Review 17 Committee members--or the NAGPRA Review Committee 18 members to be in charge of this morning's session. 19 So I will now turn over the--this portion of--of the 20 dispute to Marty Sullivan. 21 MARTIN SULLIVAN: Frank. 22 FRANK MCMANAMON: Thank you. Thank you, Martin 23 and Madam Chair. If I could just--just two 24 administrative issues for the--the Committee and the 25 members of the public who are here. Once again, as Lesa K. Hagel Consulting Rapid City, South Dakota (605) 342-3298 7 1 we've been reminding people or asking people 2 throughout the meeting for--for members of the 3 public who are here if you wouldn't mind signing in. 4 If you didn't sign in, if sometime during the--the 5 morning or the afternoon you could sign in at the 6 back table so we have a record of who attended the 7 meetings. 8 And again to remind the members of the public 9 that this is a--an open public meeting of the Review 10 Committee set up by the Secretary of the Interior to 11 help with the implementation of--of NAGPRA, and the 12 Committee is conducting its business in public. But 13 by and large, the--the dialogue and the exchange or 14 communication occurs between the Committee and 15 between the Committee and the people who will be 16 making presentations today. Thank you. 17 DISPUTE OVER AN ONEIDA WAMPUM BELT 18 MARTIN SULLIVAN 19 MARTIN SULLIVAN: Thank you, Frank. I think 20 everyone is aware that the issue for presentation to 21 the Committee this morning is one which involves a 22 number of parties and goes back a number of years. 23 And it has to do with the current custody and a 24 claim initially made by the Oneida Nation of New 25 York and then contested by the Oneida Tribe of Lesa K. Hagel Consulting Rapid City, South Dakota (605) 342-3298 8 1 Wisconsin regarding a wampum belt which is currently 2 held at the Field Museum in Chicago. 3 Our intention this morning is for the members 4 of the Committee to have the benefit of 5 presentations by each of the parties to this 6 dispute. And as Tessie Naranjo has said, there is 7 no inherent logic or bias or prejudice intended in 8 the sequence of the presentations. That is the way 9 in which the agenda went out and was constructed. 10 It will give us an opportunity to hear from all 11 parties. 12 It's our preference as a Committee to ask each 13 of the parties to make a presentation in sequence 14 before we ask individual questions of the claimants 15 or the parties. And there--a time will come, 16 therefore, toward the end of the morning when it is 17 very likely that members of the Committee will have 18 questions for all of the parties, so that we may 19 have something like a dialogue. But it is equally 20 clear that the matter under consideration is one 21 that's very important to all parties, and it has 22 certainly necessitated on your part a tremendous 23 effort of research and concern as well as the 24 expense and difficulty of getting here to this 25 meeting, which the members of the Committee fully Lesa K. Hagel Consulting Rapid City, South Dakota (605) 342-3298 9 1 understand and appreciate. It's a serious matter. 2 We will give it our very serious attention and hope 3 that the conclusions that we might reach, the 4 findings that we might share will be of value to all 5 of the parties. We do this in the spirit of trying 6 to bring us all together to be of one mind, if that 7 is possible. 8 The sequence then will be to begin with the 9 Oneida Nation of Wisconsin. And the agenda allots 10 approximately one hour for presentation. And so the 11 Oneida Tribe of Wisconsin, if you--whoever will be 12 initiating that presentation, if you'll come forward 13 and identify yourself. 14 ONEIDA NATION OF WISCONSIN 15 DEBORAH DOXTATOR 16 DEBORAH DOXTATOR: Good morning, Committee 17 members. My name is Deborah Doxtator. I'm the 18 Chairwoman for the Oneida Tribe of Indians of 19 Wisconsin. And I'd like to extend our greetings to 20 you this morning. I would like to start by 21 introducing an elder from our community this 22 morning, Anoki Schuyler who has escorted me to this 23 meeting to serve as an interpreter of our language. 24 And he is going to do some introductions for our 25 party and then we will proceed into our Lesa K. Hagel Consulting Rapid City, South Dakota (605) 342-3298 10 1 presentation. Anoki. 2 ANOKI SCHUYLER 3 ANOKI SCHUYLER: (Native American language.) 4 Thank you. 5 LEANDER DANFORTH 6 LEANDER DANFORTH: (Native American language.) 7 BRUCE ELIJAH 8 BRUCE ELIJAH: Good morning. We bring--we 9 bring greetings to you from my peoples, the Clan 10 Mothers of my Nations. We are matriarchal society. 11 We bring greetings in a sense that we say that we 12 still follow those traditions, that culture that was 13 given to us at the beginning of time. There is 14 distinct areas and places where we still call those 15 rivers by the language that is given to us by the 16 Creator. We can still sing and honor
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Great Cloud of Witnesses.Indd
    A Great Cloud of Witnesses i ii A Great Cloud of Witnesses A Calendar of Commemorations iii Copyright © 2016 by The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of The Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America Portions of this book may be reproduced by a congregation for its own use. Commercial or large-scale reproduction for sale of any portion of this book or of the book as a whole, without the written permission of Church Publishing Incorporated, is prohibited. Cover design and typesetting by Linda Brooks ISBN-13: 978-0-89869-962-3 (binder) ISBN-13: 978-0-89869-966-1 (pbk.) ISBN-13: 978-0-89869-963-0 (ebook) Church Publishing, Incorporated. 19 East 34th Street New York, New York 10016 www.churchpublishing.org iv Contents Introduction vii On Commemorations and the Book of Common Prayer viii On the Making of Saints x How to Use These Materials xiii Commemorations Calendar of Commemorations Commemorations Appendix a1 Commons of Saints and Propers for Various Occasions a5 Commons of Saints a7 Various Occasions from the Book of Common Prayer a37 New Propers for Various Occasions a63 Guidelines for Continuing Alteration of the Calendar a71 Criteria for Additions to A Great Cloud of Witnesses a73 Procedures for Local Calendars and Memorials a75 Procedures for Churchwide Recognition a76 Procedures to Remove Commemorations a77 v vi Introduction This volume, A Great Cloud of Witnesses, is a further step in the development of liturgical commemorations within the life of The Episcopal Church. These developments fall under three categories. First, this volume presents a wide array of possible commemorations for individuals and congregations to observe.
    [Show full text]
  • Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 15
    Library of Congress Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 15 Cutting Marsh (From photograph loaned by John N. Davidson.) Wisconsin State historical society. COLLECTIONS OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. OF WISCONSIN EDITED AND ANNOTATED BY REUBEN GOLD THWAITES Secretary and Superintendent of the Society VOL. XV Published by Authority of Law MADISON DEMOCRAT PRINTING COMPANY, STATE PRINTER 1900 LC F576 .W81 2d set The Editor, both for the Society and for himself, disclaims responsibility for any statement made either in the historical documents published herein, or in articles contributed to this volume. 1036011 18 N43 LC CONTENTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 15 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689d Library of Congress THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS SERIAL RECORD NOV 22 1943 Copy 2 Page. Cutting Marsh Frontispiece. Officers of the Society, 1900 v Preface vii Some Wisconsin Indian Conveyances, 1793–1836. Introduction The Editor 1 Illustrative Documents: Land Cessions—To Dominique Ducharme, 1; to Jacob Franks, 3; to Stockbridge and Brothertown Indians, 6; to Charles Grignon, 19. Milling Sites—At Wisconsin River Rapids, 9; at Little Chute, 11; at Doty's Island, 14; on west shore of Green Bay, 16; on Waubunkeesippe River, 18. Miscellaneous—Contract to build a house, 4; treaty with Oneidas, 20. Illustrations: Totems—Accompanying Indian signatures, 2, 3, 4. Sketch of Cutting Marsh. John E. Chapin, D. D. 25 Documents Relating to the Stockbridge Mission, 1825–48. Notes by William Ward Wight and The Editor. 39 Illustrative Documents: Grant—Of Statesburg mission site, 39. Letters — Jesse Miner to Stockbridges, 41; Jeremiah Evarts to Miner, 43; [Augustus T.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Oneida Resilience and Corn
    Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development ISSN: 2152-0801 online https://www.foodsystemsjournal.org Kaˀtshatstʌ́ sla: “Strength of belief and Special JAFSCD Issue Indigenous Food Sovereignty in North America vision as a people”—A case study of sponsored by Oneida resilience and corn Lois L. Stevens a * and Joseph P. Brewer II b University of Kansas Submitted February 13, 2019 / Revised April 3 and June 3, 2019 / Accepted June 4, 2019 / Published online December 20, 2019 Citation: Stevens, L. L., & Brewer, J. P., II. (2019). Kaˀtshatstʌ́sla: “Strength of belief and vision as a people”—A case study of Oneida resilience and corn. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9(Suppl. 2), 225–238. https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2019.09B.015 Copyright © 2019 by the Authors. Published by the Lyson Center for Civic Agriculture and Food Systems. Open access under CC-BY license. Abstract community has been geographically divided from The collective nations of the Haudenosaunee are all other Haudenosaunee nations, and even from governed by their shared ancestral knowledge of its members own Oneida kin, for nearly 200 years; creation. This storied knowledge tells of an intellec- however, this community was able to re-establish tual relationship with corn that has been cultivated its relationship with corn after years of disconnect. by the Haudenosaunee through generations and Oneida Nation community-driven projects in represents core values that are built into commu- Wisconsin have reshaped and enhanced the con- nity resilience, for the benefit of future generations. nection to corn, which places them at the forefront The Oneida, members of the Haudenosaunee Con- of the Indigenous food sovereignty movement.
    [Show full text]
  • June 12, 2003 Official Newspaper of the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin
    KalihwisaksKalihwisaks “She Looks For News” June 12, 2003 Official Newspaper of the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin www.oneidanation.org New health center is grand by Phil Wisneski dedication of many people art facility,” she said. “Finally!” That was the over the years, the fruition of Danforth also added that overwhelming response from a new health care facility had the number of patients that the community as the Oneida finally become a reality. are registered at the new facil- Community Health Center Oneida Chairwoman Tina ity exceeds 20,000. held it’s grand opening on Danforth, a former employee The new facility located at June 6. of the old health center, was on the corner of Airport Road Over a decade in the mak- filled with excitement. “This and Overland Road dwarfs ing, the brand new, 65,000 is a project the entire commu- the former site, which had square feet, the largest Indian nity can be proud of. We have only 22,850 square feet. The health care facility in the state always considered health care new site also houses all the formally welcomed commu- a priority and with the open- medical needs of the commu- nity members, local leaders ing of this new facility we can See Page 2 Photo by Phil Wisneski and others through it’s doors. continue to serve community Oneida Business Committee members and Health Center dignitaries cut the rib- With the hard work and members in this state of the Health Center bon at the grand opening of the 65,000 foot new health care facility Ho-Chunk Doyle, Potawatomi agree Nation proposes HatsHats ofofff toto graduatesgraduates large casino to changes in compact MILWAUKEE (AP) - Gov.
    [Show full text]
  • Wisconsin Magazine of History
    . .•:,.•,:.•!.«,.V,^",'-:,:,.V..?;V-"X';''- Wisconsin Magazine of History Theobald Otjcn and the United States 'Njivy CHARLES E. TWINING A Mission to the Menominee: Part Four ALFRED COPE E. A. Ross: The Progressive As Nativist .JULIUS WEINBERG A German's Letter From Territorial Wisconsin Edited by JACK j. DETZLER Published by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin / Vol. 50, No. 3 / Spring, 1967 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN LESLIE H. FISHEL, JR., Director Officers SCOTT M. CUTLIP, President HERBERT V. KOHLER, Honorary Vice-President JOHN C. GEILFUSS, First Vice-President E. E. HOMSTAD, Treasurer CLIFFORD D. SWANSON, Second Vice-President LESLIE H. FISHEL, JR., Secretary Board of Curators Ex-Officio WARREN P. KNOWLES, Governor of the State MRS. DENA A. SMITH, State Treasurer ROBERT C. ZIMMERMAN, Secretary of State FRED H. HARRINGTON, President of the University WILLIAM C. KAHL, Superintendent of Public Instruction MRS. WILLIAM H. L. SMYTHE, President of the Women's Auxiliary Term Expires, 1967 THO.MAS H. BARLAND E. E. HOMSTAD MRS. RAYMOND J. KOLTES F. HARWOOD ORBISON Eau Claire Black River Falls Madison Appleton M. J. DYRUD MRS. CHARLES B. JACKSON CHARLES R. MCCALLUM DONALD C. SLIGHTER Prairie Du Chien Nashotah Hubertus Milwaukee JIM DAN HILL MRS. VINCENT W. KOCH FREDERICK I. OLSON DR. LOUIS C. SMITH Middleton Janesville Wauwatosa Lancaster Term Expires, 1968 GEORGE BANTA, JR. MRS. HENRY BALDWIN WILLIAM F. STARK CEDRIC A. VIG Menasha Wisconsin Rapids Pewaukee Rhinelander H. M. BENSTEAD ROBERT B. L. MURPHY MILO K. SWANTON CLARK WILKINSON Racine Madison Madison Baraboo KENNETH W. HAAGENSEN FREDERIC E. RISSER FREDERICK N. TROWBRIDGE STEVEN P.
    [Show full text]
  • Peace, Power and Persistence: Presidents, Indians, and Protestant Missions in the American Midwest 1790-1860
    PEACE, POWER AND PERSISTENCE: PRESIDENTS, INDIANS, AND PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN THE AMERICAN MIDWEST 1790-1860 By Rebecca Lynn Nutt A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of History—Doctor of Philosophy 2015 ABSTRACT PEACE, POWER AND PERSISTENCE: PRESIDENTS, INDIANS, AND PROTESTANT MISSIONS IN THE AMERICAN MIDWEST 1790-1860 By Rebecca Lynn Nutt This dissertation explores the relationships between the Shawnee and Wyandot peoples in the Ohio River Valley and the Quaker and Methodist missionaries with whom they worked. Both of these Indian communities persisted in the Ohio Valley, in part, by the selective adoption of particular Euro-American farming techniques and educational methods as a means of keeping peace and remaining on their Ohio lands. The early years of Ohio statehood reveal a vibrant, active multi-cultural environment characterized by mutual exchange between these Indian nations, American missionaries, and Euro- and African-American settlers in the frontier-like environment of west-central Ohio. In particular, the relationships between the Wyandot and the Shawnee and their missionary friends continued from their time in the Ohio Valley through their removal to Indian Territory in Kansas in 1833 and 1843. While the relationships continued in the West, the missions themselves took on a different dynamic. The teaching methods became stricter, the instruction observed religious teaching more intensely, and the students primarily boarded at the school. The missionary schools began to more closely resemble the notorious government boarding schools of the late-nineteenth century as the missions became more and more entwined with the federal government.
    [Show full text]
  • Advent of the New. York Indians Into Wisconsin
    1810-17] Coming oF New York Indians 415 Advent of the New. York Indians into Wisconsin By Albert G. Ellis The Holland Land Company had, for many years, held the pre­ emption right of purchase from the Indians, to most of the land of Western iTew York, having derived it from Massachusetts originally, subsequently confirmed by the State of New- York. A large purchase was made of the Indians, by Phelps and Gorham-, of nearly all the lands east of Genesee Eiver. Of the balance, lying ivesi of that river, a large cession was made to that com­ pany, at a council of the Senecas, held at Gfeneseo, in Sept. 1T97; excepting certain reservations. These reservations were large and included the most ebodee^ parts of the whole. "In 1810', the Holland Land Company sold all their pre-emp­ tive right to the Indian reservations to David A. Ogden, for fifty cents per acre." Mr. O'gden and his associates in tbia purchaae were afterward known as the "Ogden Company." Up to 1817, they had suoceeded in extinguishing but a part of the Indian title; the large reservations of Ciattaraug^S', Allegibany, Tbnnewanda, Tuscarora, and Buffalo, still remaining. The anxiety of the com­ pany to effect the extinguislxment of the Indian title to these reser­ vations, and the removal of the Indians, had exhibited itself in various form's, and sundr)^ unsuccessful efforts, for years. In this year, a Uicw plan was conceived, and its accomplishment set on foot, to wit:—to secure in the West, by ex)neent and aid of the 416 Wisconsin Historical Collections [voi.ii General Government, an extensive grant of lands from the west- em tribes, as a home or hunting ground for the several tribes holding the reservations in Western jSTew York.
    [Show full text]
  • PART 1 : History of Outagamie County Wisconsin, in PDF Format
    F\V H. S. LIBRARY FV L APPLETON, WIS. HISTORY OF OUTAGAMIE COUNTY WISCONSIN Being a General Survey of Outagamie County History including a History of the Cities, Towns and Villages throughout the Countr, from the Earliest Settlement to the Present Time THOMAS H. RYAN Editor-in-Chief ADVISORY BOARD HENIhY D. RYAN ISAAC N. STE\ ART JOHN D. LAWE C-I ARLES E. RAUG(;HT I'ETER 'UTIBBS LOIC)1TS 1 ACu (COT - 1()JiN E EBEN E, REXFORD CHICAGO GOODSPlEIED HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION PUBLISHERS TE KENNEBBE- Hlc X. MYW a : PREFACE A N LEXAMI[NAVTI'ON of this volumie by subscribers will reveal llade in newspaper files, early French and Indian records, that a vast extent of original 'research for material has been public documents and private memoranda of various kinds. The object has been to comipress into the pages, even at the partial ex- pense of finished literarv style, interesting and valuable da.ta con- cerming the county so far as space would allow. In order to do this, and to show our appreciation of friendly and considerate treat- iment and reasolnable patronage, we have extended the number of pages iore than five hundred beyond what was planned at the outset. It will le seen. that we have saved from. permanent loss thousands of interesting items usually overlooked or disregarded by- local historilans. 'Ths'a permanent foundation, whiclh can be elaborated Cand ilmuproved by subsequent writers, has been laid for t future perfect county history. -Generally, statistical tables and routine p:loceedings have been avoided, a.nd a narrative form has been .adopted.
    [Show full text]
  • Forces That Impacted Oneidas Move to Wisconsin
    Oneida Cultural Heritage Department By: Dr. Carol Cornelius, Oneida Cultural Heritage Department Area Manager Edited: Judith L. Jourdan Edit, Revision, and Layout: Tiffany Schultz (09/13) FORCES THAT IMPACTED ONEIDA’S MOVE TO WISCONSIN EXAMINING THE FORCES AFTER THE government policy and treaties, 2) New York AMERICAN REVOLUTION WHICH State treaties, 3) Ogden Land Company IMPACTED OUR MOVE TO WISCONSIN complicity, War Department policy, and 4) the Church. Eleazor Williams was the person used Introduction to implement the policies of all those who As Oneidas of Wisconsin we have sought to obtain our land by removing us form generally been taught that our ancestors became New York State. Christians and followed Eleazor Williams to Second, it has always been my wish to Wisconsin and left behind our traditions and understand, form our own ancestors, why they culture. The historic records actually present would agree to such a dramatic move from our quite a different picture. homelands. Researchers in the Oneida Cultural First, there were four major forces Heritage Department spent several years impacting our removal to Wisconsin: 1) U.S. researching historic documents to find whatever we could to gain some insight into what our Prior to our move to Wisconsin there Oneida ancestors were discussing and feeling were fourteen treaties made with New York which resulted our move to Wisconsin. State (1785-1817) which reduced our land base. The cultural continuity which is evident Just one treaty, the 1788 Treaty, ceded 5 million in our Nation certainly shows that we did not acres, thus, reducing our land base to 250- leave out traditions, our language, nor our 300,000 acres.
    [Show full text]
  • The West in Native American Letters Written During the Removal Era
    Civilization or Savagery in the West?—The West in Native American Letters Written during the Removal Era Claudia B. Haake ABSTRACT This article argues that, in their letters, memorials, and petitions to the federal government, both Cherokee and Seneca proponents and opponents of the removal policy, which sought to resettle all Native Americans to the West of the Mississippi, portrayed the West as a type of absence. Removal’s proponents among the two tribes claimed the West to be their salvation and a place where they would be able to become “civilized,” just as the policy promised. In these written communications, the West became a sanctuary through an absence of white influences. Cherokee and Seneca opponents of the policy argued that removal was counterproductive and would be unable to make them more civilized. To make their case, they portrayed the West, the place they were supposed to remove to, as an absence of civilization, a place fit only for savages. They also characterised it by contrasting it to their own lands, to which they felt an emotional attachment, and thus described it as the absence of such attachment. Proponents as well as opponents of removal defined the West to suit the argument they sought to make but always described it as an absence, an empty place onto which they projected their own hopes and fears in their letters. However, in doing so, removal’s tribal adversaries as well as its advocates among the two tribes insisted on making their own decisions and determining their own destinies, even in a time when they were often depicted as being mere pawns in a larger political play.
    [Show full text]
  • Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 11: A
    Library of Congress Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 11 COLLECTIONS OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WISCONSIN EDITED AND ANNOTATED BY REUBEN G. THWAITES CORRESPONDING SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY VOL. XI Published by Authority of Law MADISON, WISCONSIN DEMOCRAT PRINTING COMPANY, STATE PRINTERS 1888 Committee on Printing and Publication. REUBEN G. THWAITES. LYMAN C. DRAPER. JAMES D. BUTLER. DAVID ATWOOD. EX-OFFICIO. ERNST G. TIMME, Secretary of State. HENRY B. HARSHAW, State Treasurer F576 .W81 2d set Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Volume 11 http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbum.7689a Library of Congress LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 452520 JUN 27 1903 SMITHSONIAN DEPOSIT. CONTENTS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. Alexander Mitchell, steel portrait Frontispiece Officers of the Society for 1888 vii Preface xi Jean Nicolet, Interpreter and Voyageur in Canada—1618–1642. Henri Jouan 1 Bibliography of Jean Nicolet. Consul Willshire Butterfield 23 Important Western State Papers 26 Papers: French Domination—Saint Lusson's procès-verbal, June 14, 1671, 26; La Salle's procès-verbal, March 14, 1682, 29; La Salle's procès-verbal, April 9, 1682, 33; Perrot's minute of taking possession, May 8, 1689, 35. English Domination—Preliminary articles of peace, Nov. 3, 1762, 36; Definitive treaty of peace, Feb. 10, 1763, 39; Proclamation of King George, Oct. 7, 1763, 46; Quebec act, 53. American Domination—Provisional articles of peace, Nov. 30, 1782, 60; Definitive treaty of peace, Sept. 3, 1783, 60; Jay's treaty, Nov. 19, 1794, 61; Jefferson's plan for the government of the Western Territory, 1784, 61; Ordinance of 1787, 63.
    [Show full text]
  • Subdivide and Conquer the Dawes Allotment
    Oneida Cultural Heritage Department By: Loretta V. Metoxen Edit: Jill McNutt Edit, Revision, and Layout: Tiffany Schultz (09/13) SUBDIVIDED AND CONQUER: THE DAWES ALOTTMENT ACT In 1879 Secretary of Interior Carl Schurz outlined five central goals of the federal government: To help the Indians become self-supporting and to break them of their “savage” habits, he resolved to turn them into farmers. Education programs for the youth of both sexes would introduce the next generation to “civilized ideas, wants, and aspiration.” Individuals would get title to their own farms, thus fostering “pride” of ownership rather than tribal “dependence,” as had been the case when land was held in common, Once individual allotments had been made, the remaining tribal land would be leased or sold; the proceeds would go into a fun set aside to meet Indian needs, thus reducing the government’s obligation to pay for their support. Finally, when all this was done, Indians would be treated like all other inhabitants under the laws of the land. In short, they were to be assimilated. “A mighty pulverizing engine to break up the along the First and Second Ridge Roads, now tribal mass” known as Freedom and Seminary Roads President Theodore Roosevelt when describing the General respectively. As a result, there are irregularly Allotment Act shaped parcels along the two main ridges which run North and South, parallel to Duck Creek. The Dawes Act, also known as The The Methodist and Episcopal Churches were General Allotment Act, became law on February considered in the division and each received a 8, 1887.
    [Show full text]