10. the Evolution of Focus in Austronesian (1981)
10. The evolution of focus in Austronesian (1981) Stanley Starosta, Andrew Pawley and Lawrence A. Reid Source: Unabridged version of a paper read at the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. January, 24-29, 1981. Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Ms. Abstract: The present paper attempts to account for the evolution of Western Austronesian focus constructions by showing that they evolved as a result of the reinterpretation of nominalized equational constructions by analogy with functionally equivalent verbal constructions, i.e., *-en, *ni-/-in-, *-ana, *iSi-, and possibly *mu-/-um- were all noun-deriving affixes in PAN that their verbal focus usages in the Formosan and Philippine languages represent a secondary development. Key words: PAN, reconstruction, focus, nominalization, reanalysis, analogy 10.1 Introduction 10.1.1 The problem In this paper,1 we will attempt to reconstruct the features of Proto-Austronesian morphology and syntax which gave rise to the focus systems exhibited by modern Philippine languages. In order to approach this problem, it will be necessary to consider the following questions: 1) What is the grammatical structure of sentences showing ‘verbal focus’ in Philippine languages? And in particular, what is their synchronic and diachronic relation to nominalizations which show affixes cognate with the verbal focus affixes? We need to have a reasonably clear idea of the endpoint of an evolutionary sequence before we can reconstruct the stages that led up to it. 2) Do the focus systems of Philippine languages
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