Planning Commission Review Draft: June 2016 BOCC Review: July 2016 Adopted: August 2016 Approved: Effective:

September 2016 PREPARED FOR: ASOTIN, COLUMBIA, AND GARFIELD COUNTIES, THE CITY OF CLARKSTON, AND THE TOWN OF STARBUCK Final Draft Shoreline Master Program Southeast Washington Coalition Shoreline Master Program Update

Prepared by: Prepared with assistance from: Oneza & Associates Pineo Ecological Services, LLC 8033 W. Grandridge Boulevard, Suite A Kennewick, Washington 99336

This report was funded through a grant from the Washington State Department of Ecology September 2016

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

2 SECTION I: Shoreline Goals and Policies (RCW 90.58.100) ...... 1 3 1 Introduction ...... 1 4 2 Relationship between the Growth Management Act and Shoreline Management 5 Act ...... 1 6 3 Profile of the Shoreline Jurisdiction within the SE WA Region ...... 2 7 3.1 Shoreline Jurisdiction Rivers ...... 2 8 3.2 Shorelines of Statewide Significance ...... 3 9 4 Goals and Policies ...... 4 10 4.1 Economic Development Element ...... 4 11 4.2 Public Access and Recreation Element ...... 6 12 4.3 Circulation Element ...... 8 13 4.4 Shoreline Uses and Modifications Element ...... 9 14 4.5 Conservation Element ...... 19 15 4.6 Historic, Cultural, Scientific, and Educational Resources Element ...... 21 16 4.7 Flood Hazard Management Element ...... 22 17 4.8 Private Property Rights ...... 22

18 SECTION II: Shoreline Regulations ...... 24 19 Article I. Authority and Purpose ...... 24 20 XX.XX.010 Authority ...... 24 21 XX.XX.020 Applicability ...... 24 22 XX.XX.030 Purpose ...... 25 23 XX.XX.040 Relationship to Other Codes, Ordinances, and Plans ...... 25 24 XX.XX.050 Liberal Construction ...... 26 25 XX.XX.060 Severability ...... 27 26 XX.XX.070 Effective Date ...... 27 27 Article II. Environment Designation ...... 28 28 XX.XX.100 Environment Designations ...... 28 29 XX.XX.110 Aquatic ...... 29 30 XX.XX.120 Natural ...... 30 31 XX.XX.130 Rural ...... 32 32 XX.XX.140 Conservancy ...... 34 33 XX.XX.150 Recreation ...... 35 34 XX.XX.160 High Intensity ...... 37 35 XX.XX.170 Shoreline Residential ...... 38 36 Article III. General Regulations ...... 40

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1 XX.XX.200 Shoreline Use and Modification ...... 40 2 XX.XX.210 Development Standards ...... 43 3 XX.XX.220 Archaeological and Historic Resources ...... 47 4 XX.XX.230 Environmental Protection ...... 49 5 XX.XX.240 Shoreline Vegetation Conservation ...... 50 6 XX.XX.250 Water Quality, Stormwater, and Nonpoint Pollution ...... 51 7 XX.XX.260 Public Access ...... 52 8 XX.XX.270 Flood Hazard Reduction ...... 56 9 Article IV. Shoreline Modifications and Use Regulations ...... 61 10 XX.XX.300 Agriculture ...... 61 11 XX.XX.310 Aquaculture ...... 62 12 XX.XX.320 Boating Facilities ...... 63 13 XX.XX.330 Breakwater, Jetties, Groins, and Weirs ...... 70 14 XX.XX.340 Commercial Development ...... 71 15 XX.XX.350 Dredging and Dredge Material Disposal ...... 73 16 XX.XX.360 Fill and Excavation ...... 77 17 XX.XX.380 Forest Practices ...... 78 18 XX.XX.390 Industrial Development ...... 79 19 XX.XX.400 In-stream Structures ...... 80 20 XX.XX.410 Mining ...... 82 21 XX.XX.430 Recreational Development ...... 83 22 XX.XX.440 Residential Development ...... 85 23 XX.XX.450 Ecological Restoration and Shoreline Habitat Enhancement ...... 86 24 XX.XX.460 Shoreline Stabilization ...... 88 25 XX.XX.470 Transportation: Trails, Roads, and Parking ...... 89 26 XX.XX.480 Utilities ...... 92 27 Article V. Critical Areas ...... 95 28 XX.XX.500 General Provisions ...... 95 29 XX.XX.510 General Mitigation Requirements ...... 104 30 XX.XX.520 Wetlands ...... 110 31 XX.XX.530 Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas ...... 121 32 XX.XX.540 Frequently Flooded Areas ...... 124 33 XX.XX.550 Geologically Hazardous Areas ...... 126 34 XX.XX.560 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas ...... 134 35 Article VI. Existing Uses, Structures, and Lots ...... 149 36 XX.XX.600 Applicability ...... 149 37 XX.XX.610 Nonconforming Uses...... 149 38 XX.XX.620 Nonconforming Structures ...... 150 39 Article VII. Administration and Enforcements ...... 153

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1 XX.XX.700 Roles and Responsibilities ...... 153 2 XX.XX.710 Interpretation ...... 154 3 XX.XX.720 Statutory Noticing Requirements ...... 155 4 XX.XX.730 Application Requirements ...... 155 5 XX.XX.740 Shoreline Substantial Development Permits ...... 155 6 XX.XX.750 Shoreline Conditional Use Permits ...... 156 7 XX.XX.760 Shoreline Variance ...... 157 8 XX.XX.770 Exemptions from Shoreline Substantial Development Permits 158 9 XX.XX.780 Duration of Permits ...... 164 10 XX.XX.790 Initiation of Development ...... 164 11 XX.XX.800 Review Process ...... 165 12 XX.XX.810 Appeals ...... 165 13 XX.XX.820 Amendments to Permits ...... 166 14 XX.XX.830 Enforcement ...... 166 15 XX.XX.840 Cumulative Effects of Shoreline Developments ...... 167 16 XX.XX.850 Amendments to Shoreline Master Program ...... 167 17 XX.XX.860 Definitions ...... 168 18 XX.XX.870 Shoreline Environment Designation Maps ...... 189 19 XX.XX.880 Reference List of Native Plant Species Associated with Vegetation 20 Enhancement ...... 189 21

22 List of Tables

23 Table 1. Shoreline Jurisdiction Rivers and Streams ...... 2 24 Table 2. Shorelines of Statewide Significance ...... 3 25 Table XX.XX.200 (3). Shoreline Use and Modification Matrix for the Southeast Washington 26 Region ...... 41 27 Table XX.XX.210 (2-1). Shoreline Development Standards for Asotin, Columbia, and Garfield 28 Counties ...... 44 29 Table XX.XX.210 (2-2). Shoreline Development Standards for the City of Clarkston ...... 44 30 Table XX.XX.210 (2-3). Shoreline Development Standards for the Town of Starbuck ...... 45 31 Table XX.XX.210 (2-4) Southeast Washington Regional SMP Reach-based Riparian Buffer 32 Widths for all Jurisdictions ...... 46 33 Table XX.XX.520(4)(i). Mitigation Ratios (for Eastern Washington) ...... 114 34 Table XX.XX.520 (5)(f)(i). Land Use Intensity Table ...... 116 35 Table XX.XX.520 (5)(f)(ii). Wetland Buffer Widths ...... 117 36

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1 SECTION I: Shoreline Goals and Policies (RCW 90.58.100)

2 1 Introduction

3 The Counties of Asotin, Columbia, and Garfield, along with the City of Clarkston (in 4 Asotin County) and Town of Starbuck (in Columbia County), have formed the 5 Southeast Washington (SE WA) Region Coalition1 to update their Shoreline Master Programs 6 (SMPs) to implement the requirements of the Washington State Shoreline Management Act 7 (SMA) Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 90.58, the state SMA Guidelines (Chapter 173-26 8 Washington Administrative Code [WAC]; Guidelines), and the Shoreline Management Permit 9 and Enforcement Procedures (WAC 173-27). This regional SMP is tailored to the unique and 10 varying geographic, economic, and particular land uses in each of the five jurisdictions in the 11 Coalition.

12 The SMA was enacted in 1971 to provide for the management and protection of shorelines of the 13 state by regulating development in the shoreline area. The goal of the SMA is “to prevent the 14 inherent harm in an uncoordinated and piecemeal development of the state's shorelines” 15 (RCW 90.58.020). The SMA requires cities and counties to adopt an SMP to regulate shoreline 16 development and accommodate “all reasonable and appropriate uses” consistent with “protection 17 against adverse effects to the public health, the land and its vegetation and wildlife, and the 18 waters of the state and their aquatic life…and public rights of navigation.” Asotin County’s 19 current SMP was adopted in 1994, and the City of Clarkston has adopted Asotin County’s 1994 20 SMP. Columbia County’s and Garfield County’s current SMPs were adopted in 1975. The 21 Town of Starbuck’s current SMP was adopted in 1975.

22 The Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) approved updated SMA Guidelines in 23 2003. The SMA and implementing SMP Guidelines require all towns, cities, and counties across 24 the state to comprehensively update their SMPs. The Guidelines provide new requirements for 25 environmental protections, including meeting no net loss of ecological functions, providing for 26 public access, accounting for advancements in science and shoreline management practices, and 27 establishing a clear relationship between the SMA and the Growth Management Act (GMA).

28 The updated version of the Coalition’s SMP provides goals, policies, and regulations for the 29 development of SE WA Region shorelines consistent with the SMA and guidelines.

30 2 Relationship between the Growth Management Act and Shoreline 31 Management Act

32 An SMP contains goals, policies, regulations, and environment designation maps that guide 33 shoreline development in accordance with state requirements. The Coalition’s SMP is integrated 34 with local land-use regulations in each of the Coalition jurisdictions. Consistent with 35 RCW 36.70A.480, the goals and policies contained in this SMP shall be considered an element 36 of local comprehensive plans required by the GMA. Asotin County is partially planning under

1 In this report, the phrase “SE WA Region” refers to the area covered by this SMP update. The term “Coalition” refers to the Counties of Asotin, Columbia, and Garfield, the City of Clarkston, and the Town of Starbuck.

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1 the GMA for natural resources and critical areas as required by RCW 36.70A.060. All other 2 portions of this SMP, including the use regulations, are considered a part of local development 3 regulations required by the SMA and GMA.

4 The Inventory, Analysis, and Characterization Report; Restoration Plan; Cumulative Impacts 5 Analysis Report (which includes the “no net loss of shoreline ecological functions” analysis 6 findings); and Public Participation Plan are supporting documents and are not adopted as part of 7 this SMP or local Comprehensive Land Use Plans.

8 The Inventory, Analysis, and Characterization Report establishes the baseline against which the 9 standard “no net loss of shoreline ecological functions” is measured. The Restoration Plan 10 identifies and prioritizes shoreline ecological restoration opportunities that may be undertaken 11 independently or in conjunction with mitigation for development impacts to improve shoreline 12 ecological functions over time.

13 3 Profile of the Shoreline Jurisdiction within the SE WA Region

14 The Washington State SMA defines the shoreline of the state as “all ‘shorelines’ and ‘shorelines 15 of statewide significance’ within the state” (RCW 90.58.030). The shoreline includes floodways, 16 land within 200 feet of the ordinary high water mark (OHWM) of the waterways, floodplains up 17 to 200 feet from the floodway edge, and associated wetlands.

18 3.1 Shoreline Jurisdiction Rivers

19 The Coalition’s SMP encompasses shoreline along 15 rivers and streams. The Coalition’s 20 waterbodies that are defined as shorelines of the state are listed below in Table 1. Shoreline 21 jurisdiction within the SE WA Region includes four rivers and streams that are considered 22 shorelines of statewide significance (SSWS). See Section 3.2 for discussion on SSWS.

23 Table 1. Shoreline Jurisdiction Rivers and Streams

Total Length Stream Name Proposed Shoreline Asotin Creek (South Fork) 3.70 miles Asotin Creek (North Fork) 7.55 miles George Creek1 1.43 miles Joseph Creek 8.41 miles Touchet River (South Fork) 16.12 miles Touchet River (North Fork) 14.89 miles Touchet River 10.05 miles Touchet River (Wolf Fork)2 7.70 miles Panjab Creek 2.19 miles Mill Creek 1.13 miles Wenaha River (North Fork) 1.11 miles Butte Creek 5.25 miles Third Creek 3.43 miles

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Total Length Stream Name Proposed Shoreline First Creek 0.89 mile Crooked Creek 6.29 miles 1 Notes: 2 1 = Further evaluate inclusion/exclusion as shoreline jurisdiction waterbody in next comprehensive update 3 2 = Listed as Robinson Creek in WAC 173-18-110. Robinson Creek is listed as Touchet River, Wolf Fork 4 on U.S. Geological Survey topography maps. 5

6 3.2 Shorelines of Statewide Significance

7 Shoreline jurisdiction within the SE WA Region includes four rivers that are considered SSWS, 8 as listed in Table 2. The SMA designates certain shoreline areas in eastern Washington as 9 SSWS, which are defined as “natural rivers or segments thereof” that have a mean annual flow 10 of 200 cubic feet per second or more (and the portion downstream from the first 300 square 11 miles of drainage area) and lakes, whether natural, artificial, or a combination thereof, of 12 1,000 acres or greater in surface area. Designation as SSWS for Asotin Creek, the 13 Grande Ronde River, the Snake River, and the Tucannon River are based on the flow and 14 upstream drainage area criteria.

15 Table 2. Shorelines of Statewide Significance

Total Length Stream Name Proposed Shoreline Asotin Creek 15.28 miles Grande Ronde River 38.27 miles Snake River 117.17 miles Tucannon River 56.21 miles 16

17 The Coalition recognizes and protects the functions and values of the shoreline environments of 18 statewide and local significance. For SSWS, protection and management priorities are to:

19 (1) Recognize and protect statewide interests over local interests

20 (2) Preserve the natural character of the shoreline

21 (3) Provide long-term over short-term benefits

22 (4) Protect the resources and ecology of the shoreline

23 (5) Increase public access to publicly owned areas of shoreline

24 (6) Increase recreational opportunities for the public in shoreline areas

25

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1 4 Goals and Policies

2 Goals express broad value statements that reflect the Coalition’s vision of its shorelines. Goals 3 also provide a framework upon which the more detailed SMP shoreline use environments, 4 policies, regulations, and administrative procedures are based in subsequent sections. Policies 5 are more detailed statements reflecting the Coalition’s goals and visions for its shorelines. 6 Policies provide detail to the associated goals and act as a bridge between the goals and 7 regulation implementation.

8 The SMP goals and policies are categorized according to the SMP elements required in the 9 SMA. The general goal and policy statements found within each SMP element provide the 10 policy basis for local program administration.

11 4.1 Economic Development Element

12 (1) Goals

13 (a) Goal A: Encourage, sustain, and enhance existing economic activities such 14 as agricultural, shipping, marina use, angling, hunting, and general 15 recreation.

16 (b) Goal B: Develop, as an economic asset, the water-oriented tourism and 17 recreational industry that would enhance the public enjoyment of the 18 shoreline.

19 (c) Goal C: Promote economic growth that conserves natural resources and 20 open spaces and maintains the environmental quality and rural character 21 that make the SE WA region a preferred place to work.

22 (d) Goal D: Maintain and secure additional commercial and industrial 23 facilities and infrastructure necessary for existing and future 24 water-oriented development in shoreline areas where it is most feasible, 25 while maintaining environmental quality and shoreline ecological 26 functions.

27 (e) Goal E: Maintain and enhance natural resource-based industries within 28 shoreline, including productive agriculture (commodity and specialty crop 29 production and grazing), fisheries, and forest practices, while maintaining 30 environmental quality. Discourage incompatible uses near the natural 31 resource-based industries.

32 (f) Development within shoreline jurisdiction should recognize the economic 33 values of the natural character and aesthetics of views and vistas to the 34 shoreline.

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1 (2) Policies

2 (a) Ensure healthy, orderly economic growth by providing for those economic 3 activities that will be an asset to the local economy and for which the 4 adverse effects on the quality of the shoreline and surrounding 5 environment can be avoided or, where this is not possible, mitigated.

6 (b) Maintain current agricultural uses as a major economic strength of the 7 region. Protect current agricultural land uses and provide for developing 8 new agricultural uses in existing agricultural lands in shorelands.

9 (c) Maintain and protect existing water-dependent and water-related 10 industries that support the SE WA region’s economy. Provide 11 opportunities for future expansions of such industries. Examples include 12 grain and fuel loading, dams, navigation, and recreational fisheries based 13 on steelhead, salmon, sturgeon, and introduced species.

14 (d) Allow diversion of water for agricultural purposes consistent with the 15 State’s water rights and watershed planning laws.

16 (e) Promote tourism and develop and maintain the recreation and tourism 17 industry along shorelines in a manner that will enhance public enjoyment.

18 (f) Work with port districts and other agencies to ensure sustainable economic 19 growth along the shoreline. Encourage cooperative use of existing port 20 facilities, including docks and piers, where feasible and when they do not 21 negatively affect public safety.

22 (g) Give preference to economic activities in undeveloped areas, which leave 23 natural or existing shoreline features, such as trees, shrubs, grasses, and 24 wildlife habitat intact. Where impacts are short-term, mitigate as 25 appropriate through mitigation sequencing. Encourage new 26 water-dependent, water-related, and water-enjoyment economic 27 development in priority order.

28 (h) Ensure any economic activity taking place along the shoreline operates 29 without causing irreparable harm to the site’s ecological integrity and 30 function and that of adjacent shorelands.

31 (i) Where possible, developments are encouraged to incorporate low-impact 32 development techniques into new projects and to integrate architectural 33 and landscape elements that recognize and are consistent with the river 34 environment.

35 (j) Require commercial and recreational development that is not 36 water-oriented to provide ecological restoration and public access as 37 appropriate.

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1 (k) Ensure new industrial, commercial, and agricultural uses will not result in 2 a net loss of shoreline ecological functions or have significant adverse 3 impacts on navigation, recreation, and public access.

4 4.2 Public Access and Recreation Element

5 (1) Goals

6 (a) Goal A: Promote, protect, and enhance physical and visual public access 7 along the shoreline of Asotin Creek and the Grand Ronde, Snake, 8 Tucannon, and Touchet rivers. Increase the amount and diversity of 9 public access along the shoreline consistent with protecting private 10 property rights, including both shorelands on all rivers and Asotin Creek, 11 and aquatic lands on the Touchet and Tucannon rivers, and provide for 12 public safety and the natural shoreline character.

13 (b) Goal B: Maintain and enhance existing physical and visual public access, 14 and provide additional public access, where appropriate, according to the 15 Coalition’s Public Access Plan (under development), building upon the 16 SE WA region’s many types of shoreline public access and opportunities.

17 (c) Goal C: Provide new physical and visual public access as feasible and 18 when new development creates demand for public access.

19 (d) Goal D: Encourage diverse, convenient, and adequate water-oriented 20 recreational opportunities along the shoreline for the public, recognizing 21 the significant sections of privately owned lands and aquatic waters on the 22 Touchet and Tucannon rivers.

23 (e) Goal E: Give water-oriented shoreline recreational development priority 24 within public lands on shoreline jurisdiction.

25 (2) Policies

26 (a) Protect and enhance visual and physical access to shorelines. Provide 27 visual access, such as viewpoints or view corridors, in areas with limited 28 physical access due to extensive private ownership, physical constraints 29 such as steep slopes, port, and dam industrial areas, or the sensitive nature 30 of the shoreline whenever possible.

31 (b) Ensure new developments, uses, and activities on or near shorelines do not 32 impair or detract from the public’s access to the water. Where practicable, 33 public access to the shoreline should be enhanced.

34 (c) Design public access to minimize potential impacts to private property and 35 individual privacy.

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1 (d) Locate, design, manage, and maintain public access and recreation 2 facilities in a manner that protects shoreline ecological functions and 3 processes and the public’s health and safety.

4 (e) Pursue opportunities for public access on publicly owned shorelines and in 5 areas with extensive private ownership (primarily on the Tucannon and 6 Tucannon rivers) consistent with the Coalition’s Public Access Plan. 7 Encourage federal, state, and local governments to provide public access 8 and recreational uses on existing shoreline properties according to their 9 management policies, such as existing state parks, trails, campsites, and 10 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Habitat Management Units and 11 parks along the Snake River. Preserve, maintain, and enhance public 12 access afforded by shoreline street ends, public utilities, and rights-of-way. 13 Provide for new opportunities, where feasible.

14 (f) Provide physical and visual public access in the shoreline jurisdiction in 15 association with the following uses when feasible: residential 16 developments with five or more dwellings; commercial development; and 17 public agency recreational development.

18 (g) Provide public access and interpretive displays as part of publicly funded 19 restoration projects where significant ecological impacts and restoration 20 are addressed.

21 (h) Allow for passive and active shoreline recreation that emphasizes location 22 along shorelines in association with Coalition members’ and other public 23 agency parks, recreation, wildlife habitat, and open-space plans.

24 (i) Encourage a variety of compatible recreational experiences and activities 25 such as parks, boat lunches, docks, trail, and viewing platforms to satisfy 26 the SE WA region’s diverse recreational needs.

27 (j) Give water-dependent recreation priority over water-enjoyment recreation 28 uses. Give water-enjoyment recreational uses priority over 29 non-water-oriented recreational uses.

30 (k) Integrate and link recreation facilities with linear systems, such as water 31 trails, walking trails, bicycle paths, easements, and scenic drives, when 32 feasible, to connect waterbodies, roads, and trails, where appropriate, and 33 capitalize on other opportunities.

34 (l) Promote non-intensive recreational uses, which avoid adverse effects to 35 the natural environment, do not contribute to flood hazards, and avoid 36 damage to the shoreline environment through modifications such as 37 structural shoreline stabilization or native vegetation removal.

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1 4.3 Circulation Element

2 (1) Goals

3 (a) Goal A: Develop safe, convenient, and multi-modal circulation 4 (transportation) systems to ensure efficient movement of people, goods, 5 and services, with minimal adverse impacts on the shoreline environment.

6 (2) Policies

7 (a) Provide safe, reasonable, and adequate road, trail, and water circulation 8 systems to shorelines where routes will avoid or minimize adverse effects 9 on unique or fragile shoreline features and existing ecological systems, 10 while contributing to the functional and visual enhancement of the 11 shoreline.

12 (b) Within the shoreline jurisdiction, locate land circulation systems that are 13 not shoreline-oriented and as far from the land-water interface as 14 practicable to reduce interference with either natural shoreline resources or 15 other appropriate shoreline uses.

16 (c) Allow for maintenance and improvements to existing roads and parking 17 areas. Allow for necessary new roads and parking areas where other 18 locations outside of shoreline jurisdiction are not feasible.

19 (d) Plan and develop a circulation network, which is compatible with the 20 shoreline environment and respects and protects ecological and aesthetic 21 values in the shoreline of the state as well as private property rights.

22 (e) In the circulation network, plan for pedestrian, bicycle, equestrian, and 23 public transportation, along with various water craft, where appropriate. 24 Circulation planning and projects should support existing and proposed 25 shoreline uses that are consistent with the SMP.

26 (f) Encourage relocation or improvement of those circulation elements that 27 are functionally or aesthetically disruptive to the shoreline, public 28 waterfront access, and ecological functions.

29 (g) Plan parking areas to achieve optimum use. Where possible, parking 30 should serve more than one use (e.g., serving recreational use on 31 weekends and commercial uses accessory to a water-dependent, 32 water-related, or water-enjoyment use on weekdays).

33 (h) Encourage low-impact parking facilities such as those with gravels or 34 permeable pavements and bio-swales.

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1 (i) Encourage trail and bicycle paths and water trails along shorelines in a 2 manner that does not damage the natural character, resources, and ecology 3 of shorelines.

4 (j) Encourage the linkage of shoreline parks, recreation areas, and public 5 access points with linear systems, such as hiking and bicycle paths, 6 easements, and the many scenic drives along shoreland in the SE WA 7 Coalition area.

8 4.4 Shoreline Uses and Modifications Element

9 (1) Goals

10 (2) Goal: Encourage shoreline development that recognizes the SE WA Region’s 11 natural and cultural values and its unique aesthetic qualities offered by its 12 variety of shoreline environments. These include (but are not limited to) free- 13 flowing and reservoir-bounded river segments, agricultural development, cliffs 14 and breaks (very high steep slopes and escarpments), riverine wetlands, open 15 views, and formal and informal public access. General Policies

16 (a) Maintain areas within SMP jurisdiction with unique attributes for specific 17 long-term uses, including agricultural, commercial, industrial, residential, 18 recreational, and open-space uses.

19 (b) Ensure proposed shoreline uses are distributed, located, and developed in a 20 manner that will maintain or improve the health, safety, and welfare of the 21 public when such uses occupy shoreline areas.

22 (c) Ensure activities and facilities are located so as to retain or improve 23 shoreline natural character and ecological function. Encourage new 24 developments to locate in areas already developed with similar uses that 25 are consistent with this SMP.

26 (d) Ensure proposed shoreline uses do not infringe upon the rights of others, 27 upon the rights of private ownership, upon the rights of the public under 28 the Public Trust Doctrine or federal navigational servitude, and upon 29 treaty rights of Native American tribes.

30 (e) Minimize the adverse impacts of shoreline uses and activities on the 31 environment during all phases of development (e.g., design, construction, 32 management, and use).

33 (3) Shoreline Environment Designation Policies

34 (a) Provide a comprehensive shoreline environment designation system to 35 categorize the SE WA region’s shoreline into environments based on the 36 primary characteristics of shoreline areas to guide the use and 37 management of these areas.

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1 (b) Designate properties as Natural in order to protect and restore those 2 shoreline areas that are relatively free of human influence or that include 3 intact or minimally degraded shoreline functions that are sensitive to 4 potential impacts from human use.

5 (c) Assign appropriate environment designation(s) to acknowledge and 6 maintain support for existing agricultural land uses and, as applicable, for 7 anticipated new agricultural development.

8 (d) Designate properties as Rural to accommodate low-density rural home 9 sites and natural resource-based uses such as timber harvesting 10 agricultural and rangeland uses. Provide a separation between urban and 11 rural areas, and maintain an open-space character and density of use that 12 provides opportunities for recreational uses.

13 (e) Assign appropriate environment designations to accommodate recreational 14 uses. Ensure intense recreational uses, such as boat launches and parks, 15 do not conflict with the sensitive nature of the shoreline (e.g., habitat 16 management units and shoreline reaches with riparian and floodplain plant 17 communities exhibiting high ecological integrity) where low-impact 18 recreational uses are more appropriate.

19 (f) Assign properties as High Intensity to support energy generation, 20 industrial, commercial, irrigation supply, transportation, and navigation 21 activities while maintaining ecological functions. Ensure public services, 22 such as irrigation and navigation uses, are separated from industrial uses.

23 (g) Designate properties as Shoreline Residential to accommodate higher 24 density residential development and recognize existing and proposed land 25 uses. This designation is appropriate for residential uses on lands with 26 zoning classifications for detached and multi-family residences.

27 (h) Assign appropriate environment designations to preserve riparian, 28 wetland, and upland ecosystems in shorelands, natural resources, and 29 public agency operations.

30 (4) Agriculture Policies

31 (a) This SMP recognizes the importance of agriculture in the SE WA region 32 and supports its continued economic viability. This SMP provides for 33 ongoing agricultural activities and should protect agricultural lands from 34 conflicting uses, such as intensive or unrelated residential, industrial, or 35 commercial uses, while also maintaining shoreline ecological functions 36 and processes.

37 (b) New agricultural development should be conducted in a manner that 38 ensures no net loss of shoreline ecological functions and processes.

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1 (c) Maintain native riparian and upland vegetative buffers between 2 agricultural lands and streams or wetlands.

3 (d) Converting agricultural lands to other uses should comply with all policies 4 and regulations for non-agricultural uses.

5 (5) Aquaculture Policies

6 (a) Aquaculture, which includes salmonid acclimation facilities, is a preferred 7 water-dependent use of the shoreline. Acclimation facilities should 8 support salmon recovery or other fisheries management objectives.

9 (b) Preference should be given to aquaculture operations that avoid or 10 minimize environmental impacts. Aquaculture should control pollution, 11 avoid adverse impacts to the environment, and preserve habitat for native 12 species.

13 (c) Aquaculture should not be allowed in areas where it would impair 14 navigation, or conflict with other water-dependent uses.

15 (d) Aquaculture facilities should be designed to minimize nuisance odors and 16 noise, as well as visual impacts on surrounding shoreline development.

17 (e) The rights of treaty tribes to aquatic resources within their usual and 18 accustomed areas should be addressed through the permit review process. 19 Direct coordination between the applicant/proponent and the tribe is 20 encouraged.

21 (6) Boating Facilities Policies

22 (a) Locate and design boating facilities so their structures and operations will 23 be compatible with the area affected, such as environmental conditions, 24 shoreline configuration, access, and neighboring upland and aquatic uses.

25 (b) Require restoration when substantial improvements or repair to existing 26 boating facilities is planned.

27 (c) Boating facilities that minimize the amount of shoreline modification are 28 preferred.

29 (d) Boating facilities should provide physical and visual public shoreline 30 access and provide for multiple water-oriented uses, to the extent 31 compatible with shoreline ecological functions and processes and adjacent 32 shoreline use.

33 (e) Boating facilities should be located and designed to avoid adverse effects 34 on riverine processes, such as erosion, littoral transport and accretion,

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1 sediment transport, and channel migration. Installing boating facilities 2 should enhance degraded riverine ecological and geomorphic functions.

3 (f) Locating and designing boating facilities should not unduly obstruct 4 navigable waters and should avoid adverse effects to recreational 5 opportunities such as fishing, pleasure boating, swimming, river beach 6 walking, picnicking, and shoreline viewing.

7 (7) Breakwaters, Jetties, Groins, and Weirs Policies

8 (a) To the extent feasible, limit the use of breakwaters, jetties, groins, weirs, 9 or other similar structures to those projects providing ecological 10 restoration or other public benefits. These structures should only be 11 located in the Snake River and should avoid ecological and fluvial 12 geomorphic impacts. Impacts that cannot be avoided should be 13 minimized. Minimized impacts should be mitigated.

14 (8) Dredging and Dredge Material Disposal Policies

15 (a) Dredging and dredge material disposal should avoid and minimize 16 ecological impacts. Impacts that cannot be avoided should be minimized 17 and mitigated.

18 (b) Design and locate new shoreline development to avoid the need for 19 dredging.

20 (c) Limit dredging and dredge material disposal to the minimum necessary to 21 allow for shoreline restoration, flood hazard reduction, and maintenance of 22 existing legal moorage and navigation. Dredging to provide for new 23 navigation uses is prohibited.

24 (d) Allow dredging for the primary purposes of flood hazard reduction only as 25 part of a long-term management strategy consistent with an approved 26 flood hazard management plan.

27 (e) Ensure dredging operations are planned and conducted in a manner that 28 will minimize interference with navigation and avoid adverse impacts to 29 shoreland natural character and ecological functions.

30 (f) Dredging should not be proposed or approved for the purpose of flood 31 reduction in urbanized areas unless it is demonstrated to be 32 geomorphically sustainable and no other alternative is feasible.

33 (9) Fill Policies

34 (a) Limit fill waterward of the OHWM to support ecological restoration, such 35 as river restoration, or to facilitate water-dependent or public access uses.

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1 (b) Allow fill consistent with floodplain regulations upland of the OHWM, 2 provided it is located, designed, and constructed to protect shoreline 3 ecological functions and ecosystem-wide processes, including channel 4 migration, and is the minimum necessary to implement an approved 5 project.

6 (10) Forest Practices

7 (a) Ensure compliance with the State’s Forest Practices Act for all forest 8 management activities on non-federal forest lands, including Class IV, 9 general forest practices, where shorelines are being converted or are 10 expected to be converted to non-forest uses.

11 (b) Conduct forest practices within shoreline areas to ensure water quality and 12 the maintenance of vegetative buffer strips to protect fish populations and 13 avoid erosion of streambanks.

14 (c) When forest lands are converted to another use, ensure no net loss of 15 shoreline ecological functions or adverse impacts on other shoreline uses, 16 resources, and values such as navigation, recreation, and public access.

17 (11) Industrial Development Policies

18 (a) Provide for future industrial and port facilities that are dependent upon a 19 shoreline location in areas where the shoreline is already characterized by 20 industrial development or planned for such uses.

21 (b) Locate and design industrial developments in a manner that ensures no net 22 loss of shoreline ecological functions and that does not have significant 23 adverse impacts to other shoreline resources and values.

24 (c) Encourage cooperative use of existing port facilities, including docks and 25 piers when feasible, to reduce additional disruption to the shoreline.

26 (d) Limit non-water-oriented industrial development in the shoreline 27 environment and only in areas physically separated from the shoreline, 28 where navigability is restricted, or as part of a project that provides public 29 access or ecological restoration benefits.

30 (12) In-stream Structures Policies

31 (a) Locate, plan, and permit in-stream structures only when consistent with 32 the full range of public interests, ecological functions and processes, and 33 environmental concerns, with special emphasis on protecting and restoring 34 priority habitats and species.

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1 (b) In-stream structures shall be allowed when demonstrated to be a legitimate 2 design component of stream restoration (e.g., rehabilitating natural 3 channel morphology).

4 (13) Mining Policies

5 (a) Locate mining facilities outside shoreline jurisdiction whenever feasible.

6 (b) Do not allow mining in any location waterward of the OHWM.

7 (c) Design and locate mining facilities and associated activities to prevent loss 8 of ecological function. Give preference to mining uses that result in the 9 creation, restoration, or enhancement of habitat for priority species.

10 (d) Gold prospecting and extraction activities, including, but not limited to, 11 panning, dredging, placer mining, and related concentrating and extraction 12 techniques and equipment use, shall conform to all regulations and 13 equipment specifications in the Gold and Fish Pamphlet published by the 14 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) and regulations 15 administered by all other local, state, and federal agencies.

16 (e) Gold prospecting and extraction activities shall be conducted in a manner 17 which prevents damage to all other aspects of shoreline natural character, 18 floodplain and upland ecosystems, and ecological functions.

19 (f) Gold prospecting and extraction activities shall be conducted in a manner 20 which prevents impinging, limiting, or interfering with normal public use 21 of shorelines, including, but not limited to, angling, boating, wading, and 22 related activities.

23 (g) Gold prospecting and extraction activities shall be conducted in a manner 24 which prevents turbidity, sedimentation, and any other short-term or 25 long-term impacts to water quality.

26 (h) Mining activities should protect streams and rivers from pollution, 27 including, but not limited to, sedimentation and siltation, chemical and 28 petrochemical use, and spillage and storage/disposal of mining wastes and 29 spoils.

30 (i) Mining operations should be located, designed, and managed so that other 31 appropriate uses are not subjected to substantial or unnecessary adverse 32 impacts from noise, dust, or other effects of the operation. The operator 33 may be required to implement measures, such as buffers, limited hours, or 34 other mitigating measures, for the purpose of minimizing adverse 35 proximity impacts.

36 (14) Piers and Docks Policies

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1 (a) Moorage for water-related and water-enjoyment uses or shared moorage 2 for multi-family use should be allowed as part of a mixed-use 3 development or where it provides public access.

4 (b) New moorage should be permitted when the applicant/proponent has 5 demonstrated that a specific need exists to support the intended 6 water-dependent or public access use.

7 (c) Docks, piers, and mooring buoys should avoid locations where they will 8 adversely impact shoreline ecological functions or processes, including 9 high-velocity currents and littoral drift.

10 (d) Moorage should be spaced and oriented in a manner that minimizes 11 hazards and obstructions to public navigation rights and corollary rights 12 thereto, such as, but not limited to, fishing, swimming, pleasure boating 13 and private riparian rights of adjacent land owners.

14 (e) Moorage should be restricted to the minimum size necessary to meet the 15 needs of the proposed use. The length, width, and height of piers and 16 docks should be no greater than that required for safety and practicality for 17 the primary use.

18 (f) Pile supports are preferred over fills because piles do not displace water 19 surface or aquatic habitat and are removable and, thus, more flexible in 20 terms of long-term use patterns. Floats may be less desirable than pile 21 structures where aquatic habitat or littoral drift are significant.

22 (g) Piers and docks should be constructed of materials that will not adversely 23 affect water quality or aquatic plants and animals in the long term.

24 (h) New pier and dock development should be designed not to interfere with 25 lawful public access to or use of shorelines. Developers of new piers and 26 shared moorage should be encouraged to provide physical or visual public 27 access to shorelines whenever safe and compatible with the primary use 28 and shoreline features.

29 (15) Recreational Development Policies

30 (a) Shoreline recreational development should be given priority for shoreline 31 location to the extent that the use facilitates the public’s ability to reach, 32 touch, and enjoy the water's edge, to travel on the waters of the state, and 33 to view the water and the shoreline. Where appropriate, such facilities 34 should be dispersed along the shoreline in a manner that supports more 35 frequent recreational access and aesthetic enjoyment of the shoreline for a 36 substantial number of people.

37 (b) Recreational developments should facilitate appropriate use of shoreline 38 resources while conserving them. These resources include, but are not

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1 limited to, wetlands, soils, groundwater, surface water, native plant and 2 animal life, and hydrologic processes.

3 (c) Recreation and associated facilities may be a combination of developed 4 and undeveloped opportunities. Planning the location of recreational 5 facilities and opportunities should consider the ecological function and 6 sensitive nature of the shoreline in order to avoid adverse impacts. 7 Constructed facilities should be located in existing compromised areas, 8 while shorelands with high ecological integrity should be reserved for 9 recreation not requiring any development.

10 (d) Recreational developments and plans should provide a varied and 11 balanced choice of recreation experiences in appropriate locations. Public 12 agencies and private interests should coordinate their plans and activities 13 to provide a wide variety of recreational opportunities without needlessly 14 duplicating facilities.

15 (e) Recreational development should facilitate and incorporate the linkage of 16 shoreline parks, recreation areas, and public access points with linear 17 systems such as hiking paths, bicycle paths, easements, and scenic drives.

18 (f) When feasible, recreation facilities should incorporate public education 19 regarding shoreline ecological functions and processes, the role of human 20 actions on the environment, and the importance of public involvement in 21 shoreline management. Opportunities incorporating educational and 22 interpretive information should be pursued in designing and operating 23 recreation facilities.

24 (g) Recreational development should be located and designed to preserve, 25 enhance, or create scenic views and vistas.

26 (16) Residential Development Policies

27 (a) Consider single-family residential development as a priority use.

28 (b) Locate and construct residential development in a manner that ensures no 29 net loss of shoreline ecological functions.

30 (c) Ensure the overall density of development, lot coverage, and height of 31 structures is appropriate to the physical capabilities of the site and 32 consistent with the comprehensive plan.

33 (d) Ensure new residential development provides adequate buffers or open 34 space from the water to protect ecological functions and ecosystem-wide 35 processes; preserve views from the shoreline to the water, from the water 36 to the shoreline, and from the shoreline to the opposite shoreline; preserve 37 shoreline aesthetic characteristics; protect the privacy of nearby 38 residences; and minimize use conflicts.

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1 (e) Make adequate provisions for services and infrastructure necessary to 2 support residential development.

3 (f) Design and locate residential development to preserve existing shoreline 4 vegetation, prevent erosion, and protect water quality.

5 (g) Design and locate new residences so that shoreline stabilization will not be 6 necessary to protect structures and associated developments. Planning for 7 newly created residential lots should demonstrate the lots can be 8 developed without the following results:

9 (i) Constructing shoreline stabilization structures, such as bulkheads 10 or riprap, and without otherwise interfering with natural rates of 11 channel migration

12 (ii) Causing significant erosion or slope instability

13 (iii) Removing existing native vegetation within shoreline buffers

14 (17) Stream Corridor and Floodplain Ecosystem Rehabilitation and Adjacent Natural 15 Systems Enhancement Projects Policies

16 (a) Include provisions for shoreline native plant community restoration or 17 rehabilitation, fish and wildlife habitat enhancement, and low-impact 18 development techniques in projects located within shoreline jurisdiction.

19 (b) Encourage and facilitate implementing ecological rehabilitation projects 20 and programs included in the SMP Restoration Plan.

21 (18) Shoreline Stabilization Policies

22 (a) Locate and design new development, including subdivisions, to avoid 23 potential future impingement on channel migration zones (CMZs), and 24 eliminate the need for new shoreline modification or stabilization.

25 (b) Design and construct new or replacement structural shoreline stabilization 26 measures to minimize and mitigate the impact of these modifications on 27 the shorelines within the SE WA region Coalition area.

28 (c) Give preference to non-structural shoreline stabilization measures over 29 structural shoreline stabilization, and give preference to biotechnical 30 shoreline stabilization design approaches over fixed structural shoreline 31 stabilization such as riprap or bulkheads.

32 (d) Allow location, design, and construction of riprap and other bank 33 stabilization measures primarily to prevent damage to existing public 34 infrastructure.

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1 (19) Utilities Policies

2 (a) Allow for utility maintenance and extension with criteria for location and 3 vegetation restoration as appropriate.

4 (b) Plan, design, and locate utility infrastructure to avoid or minimize harm to 5 shoreline ecological functions, preserve the natural landscape, and 6 minimize conflicts with present and future planned land and shoreline 7 uses.

8 (c) Do not permit new non-water-dependent utility infrastructure, or parts of 9 such infrastructure such as power plants, solid waste storage, or disposal 10 facilities, within shoreline jurisdiction unless no other options are possible. 11 Primary utility facilities, such as wastewater treatment plants, and 12 expansion of existing facilities, should be located in shoreline jurisdiction 13 only if no practical upland alternative or location exists. Such facilities 14 and expansions should be designed and located to avoid or minimize 15 impacts to shoreland ecological functions, including riparian, floodplain, 16 and aquatic areas, and to the natural landscape and aesthetics. Consistent 17 with the prioritized, preferred uses delineated in RCW 90.58.020, public 18 health and safety should be a high priority for the planning, development, 19 and operation of primary utility facilities.

20 (d) Locate utility transmission facilities for the conveyance of services, such 21 as power lines, cables, and pipelines, outside of shoreline jurisdiction 22 where possible. Where permitted within shoreline jurisdiction, such 23 facilities should be located within existing or approved road crossings and 24 rights-of-way, or in such a way as to avoid or minimize potential adverse 25 impacts on shoreland. Joint use of rights-of-way and corridors in 26 shoreline areas should be encouraged.

27 (e) Locate new utility facilities so as not to impinge on CMZs.

28 (f) Locate utility facilities and corridors to protect scenic views. Utilities and 29 utility corridors should be placed underground and attached to or 30 embedded within bridges.

31 (g) Design utility facilities and rights-of-way to preserve the natural landscape 32 and to avoid or minimize conflicts with present and planned land uses.

33 (20) Existing Uses Policies

34 (a) Allow nonconforming, existing legal uses and structures to continue in 35 accordance with this SMP. Residential structures and appurtenant 36 structures that were legally established and are used for a conforming use 37 but do not meet standards for setbacks, buffers, or yards; area; bulk; 38 height; or density should be considered a conforming structure.

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1 (b) Allow alterations of nonconforming structures, uses, and lots in 2 consideration of historic development patterns when occupied by preferred 3 uses and consistent with public safety and other public purposes.

4 (c) Encourage transitions from nonconforming uses to conforming uses.

5 (d) Allow for nonconforming structures to expand when they do not increase 6 the nonconformity according to SMP requirements.

7 (e) Allow for existing roads, driveways, and utility lines to continue and 8 expand when they do not increase the nonconformity according to SMP 9 requirements.

10 (f) Consider the no net loss of ecological function objective to guide review 11 of proposed expansions or other changes to nonconforming uses and new 12 development on nonconforming vacant lots. This objective may be 13 addressed in an area-wide manner consistent with the SMP cumulative 14 impacts analysis.

15 4.5 Conservation Element

16 (1) Goals

17 (a) Goal A: Protect the natural shoreland ecosystems and ecological functions 18 and scenic and recreational values of the SE WA region’s shorelines.

19 (2) General Policies

20 (a) Develop and implement management practices that will ensure a sustained 21 yield of renewable resources of the shorelines while preserving, 22 protecting, and restoring unique shoreline resources, environments, or 23 features that cannot be replaced or restored within the planning horizon of 24 this SMP.

25 (b) Rehabilitate areas that are biologically and aesthetically degraded where 26 feasible.

27 (c) Preserve scenic vistas, aesthetics, native endemic ecosystems, and other 28 critical areas.

29 (d) Protect shoreline processes and ecological functions through regulatory 30 and nonregulatory means that may include acquiring key properties, 31 conservation easements, and regulating development shoreland. These 32 measures should include incentives for private property owners, 33 encouraging ecologically-sound design, and implementing best 34 management practices.

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1 (e) Protect and manage associated wetlands in shorelands, including 2 maintaining sufficient volumes of surface and subsurface drainage into 3 wetlands, to sustain existing vegetation and wildlife habitat.

4 (f) Work with other agencies and private entities to deal effectively with 5 regional and watershed-wide natural environment issues to protect, 6 preserve, and enhance shorelands and fish and wildlife habitats.

7 (g) Manage development to avoid risk and damage to property and loss of life 8 from biophysical limitations, including flooding potential and geological 9 hazards such as landslides, channel avulsion, frequent and periodic 10 movement of woody debris, and similar natural events and processes.

11 (h) Regulate development within the SMP area of the 100-year floodplain to 12 avoid risk and damage to property and loss of life. This regulation should 13 also integrate with protecting ecological functions and CMZs in 14 floodplains, as specified in (g) above.

15 (i) Prohibit the introduction of invasive non-native plant species along the 16 shoreline, and encourage the removal of noxious and invasive weeds and 17 trees. Protect, enhance, and maintain native plant communities.

18 (j) Rehabilitate areas that are biologically and aesthetically degraded, while 19 maintaining appropriate use of the shoreline.

20 (3) Critical Areas Goals

21 (a) Goal A: Promote public health and welfare by instituting local measures to 22 preserve the values of naturally occurring wetlands, critical aquifer 23 recharge areas, Geologically Hazardous Areas, frequently flooded areas 24 (see SMP Section I, 4.7: Flood Hazard Management goals and policies), 25 and Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas that exists in the 26 Coalition’s shoreline jurisdiction areas.

27 (b) Goal B: Reduce the threat posed to the health and safety of the Coalition’s 28 citizens from commercial, residential, or industrial development proposed 29 for locations in areas of significant geologic hazard.

30 (c) Goal C: Identify categories of Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation 31 Areas in the Coalition’s shoreline jurisdiction areas, based in part on 32 information supplied by WDFW’s Priority Habitat and Species Program 33 and other sources, as well as other local and regional experts.

34 (d) Goal D: Protect aquatic and terrestrial wildlife and reflect the needs and 35 desires of local, regional, and state constituencies.

36 (4) Critical Areas Policies

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1 (a) Recognize that critical areas may serve a variety of vital functions, 2 including, but not limited to, flood storage and conveyance, water quality 3 protection, recharge and discharge areas for groundwater, erosion control, 4 sediment control, fish and wildlife habitat, recreation, education, and 5 scientific research.

6 (b) Implement protection measures that protect identified values and functions 7 of critical areas from future development proposals. However, these 8 regulations shall not prohibit uses legally existing on any parcel prior to 9 their adoption.

10 (c) Avoid unnecessary duplication with various legal means and levels of 11 government that already protect wetlands, and promote cooperation and 12 coordination whenever possible.

13 (d) Recognize that risks from geologic hazards can be avoided, minimized, or 14 mitigated through engineering design or optimized construction practices. 15 In other cases where technical efforts are not sufficient to reduce 16 associated risks, building is best avoided. Cooperate with federal, state, 17 and private agencies and individuals who have primary authority to 18 manage specific Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas within 19 certain parts of the SE WA region to protect ecological functions and 20 CMZs in floodplains.

21 (e) Preserve land necessary for aquatic and terrestrial wildlife species survival 22 and that which preserve seasonal migration and daily wildlife movements 23 for feeding, watering, resting, breeding, and thermal and escape cover.

24 4.6 Historic, Cultural, Scientific, and Educational Resources Element

25 (1) Goals

26 (a) Goal A: Protect areas and sites with historic, cultural, educational, or 27 scientific value.

28 (2) Policies

29 (a) Identify, protect, preserve, and restore important archeological, historic, 30 and cultural sites located in shoreline areas.

31 (b) Encourage educational projects and programs that foster a greater 32 appreciation of the importance of good shoreline management 33 environmental conservation, consistent with ensuring no net loss of 34 ecological functions.

35 (c) Prevent public or private uses and activities from damaging, altering, 36 removing, or destroying any site having historic, cultural, scientific, or 37 educational value.

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1 4.7 Flood Hazard Management Element

2 (1) Goals

3 (a) Goal A: Protect public safety within river and creek floodways and 4 floodplains, and protect natural systems by preserving the flood storage 5 and channel migration functions of floodplains.

6 (b) Goal B: Prevent potential hazards that may be caused by inappropriate 7 development in areas where severe and costly flooding is anticipated to 8 occur.

9 (2) Policies

10 (a) Manage development proposed within floodplains and floodways 11 consistent with the SMA, Federal Emergency Management Agency 12 (FEMA) standards, and Critical Areas Regulations for frequently flooded 13 areas contained within this SMP.

14 (b) Implement protection measures designed to minimize hazards in 15 frequently flooded areas that already exist for the SE WA region, as 16 detailed in the local flood damage prevention ordinances as amended.

17 (c) Work with cities, towns, and state and federal agencies to deal effectively 18 with regional flooding issues.

19 (d) Control stormwater runoff in a manner consistent with low-impact 20 development practices, which utilize natural detention, retention, and 21 recharge techniques.

22 (e) Prohibit any development within the floodplain that would individually or 23 cumulatively cause any increase in the base flood elevation beyond FEMA 24 standards.

25 4.8 Private Property Rights

26 (1) Goals

27 (a) Goal A: Recognize and protect private property rights in shoreline uses 28 and developments consistent with the public interest.

29 (2) Policies

30 (a) Shoreline uses should be located and designed to respect private property 31 rights in shorelands in the region, maintain privacy of private property, be 32 compatible with the shoreline environment, protect ecological functions 33 and processes, and protect aesthetic values of the shoreline.

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1 (b) Public access to shorelines, such as trails, bikeways, or roads, should be 2 designed and located to protect privacy of adjacent private property 3 owners.

4 (c) Explore opportunities for providing additional public access on the lower 5 Tucannon River and upper Touchet River North, South and Wolf forks, in 6 coordination with private and public landowners.

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1 SECTION II: Shoreline Regulations

2 Article I. Authority and Purpose

3 XX.XX.010 Authority

4 (1) The SMA of 1971, RCW 90.58, is the authority for the enactment and 5 administration of this SMP.

6 XX.XX.020 Applicability

7 (1) This SMP shall apply to all of the shoreline areas, waters, and critical areas 8 within the SE WA region shorelands and waters as described in SMP Section I, 9 Shoreline Goals and Policies, Profile of the Shoreline Jurisdiction, within the 10 Coalition.

11 (2) All proposed uses, activities, or development occurring within shoreline 12 jurisdiction must conform to the intent and requirements of RCW 90.58, the 13 SMA, and this SMP, whether or not a permit or other form of authorization is 14 required. See the SMP Shoreline Goals and Policies section for the shoreline 15 jurisdiction description and SMP Article VII for the definition of uses, 16 activities, and development.

17 (3) The SMP applies to shorelands and aquatic lands within Asotin, Columbia, and 18 Garfield Counties, including Urban Growth Areas (UGA), within the cities of 19 Dayton and Asotin, and within the limits of the City of Clarkston and Town of 20 Starbuck; this SMP does not apply within the city limits of Dayton and Asotin.

21 (4) Pursuant to WAC 173-27-060, federal agency activities may be required by 22 other federal laws to meet the permitting requirements of RCW 90.58. This 23 SMP shall apply to all nonfederal developments and uses undertaken on federal 24 lands and on lands subject to nonfederal ownership, lease, or easement, even 25 though such lands may fall within the external boundaries of federal ownership. 26 All federal activities on nonfederal lands are subject to all of the provisions and 27 administrative procedures of this SMP (WAC 173-27-060).

28 (5) As recognized by RCW 90.58.350, the provisions of this SMP shall not affect 29 treaty rights of Native American tribes.

30 (6) Maps indicating the extent of shoreline jurisdiction areas and shoreline 31 environment designations are for guidance only. They are to be used in 32 conjunction with the most current scientific and technical information available, 33 field investigations, and on-site surveys to accurately establish the location and 34 extent of shoreline jurisdiction when a project is proposed. All areas meeting 35 the definitions of shorelines of the state, whether mapped or not, are subject to 36 the provisions of this SMP.

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1 XX.XX.030 Purpose

2 (1) The purposes of this SMP are as follows:

3 (a) To promote the public health, safety, and general welfare of the Coalition 4 jurisdictions by providing comprehensive policies and effective, 5 reasonable regulations for development, use, and protection of 6 jurisdictional shorelands

7 (b) To further assume and carry out the local government responsibilities 8 established by the SMA in RCW 90.58.050, including planning and 9 administering the regulatory program consistent with the policy and 10 provisions of the SMA in RCW 90.58.020

11 (c) To provide a high quality shoreline environment where:

12 (i) Recreational opportunities are abundant

13 (ii) The public enjoys access to and views of shoreline areas

14 (iii) Ecological functions of the shoreline are maintained and improved 15 over time

16 (iv) Water-dependent uses are promoted consistent with the shoreline 17 character and environmental functions

18 (d) To apply special conditions to those uses that are not consistent with the 19 control of pollution and prevention of damage to the natural environment 20 or are not unique to or dependent upon use of the state’s shoreline

21 (e) To ensure no net loss of ecological functions associated with the shoreline

22 XX.XX.040 Relationship to Other Codes, Ordinances, and Plans

23 (1) All applicable federal, state, and local laws shall apply to properties in the 24 shoreline jurisdiction. Where this SMP makes reference to any RCW, WAC, or 25 other state or federal law or regulation, the most recent amendment or current 26 edition shall apply.

27 (2) In the event that provisions of this SMP conflict with provisions of federal, 28 state, or county regulations, the provision that is most protective of shoreline 29 resources shall prevail. The provisions of this section may not allow 30 development to occur at what otherwise might be a property’s full zoning 31 potential.

32 (a) Local plans or programs include, but are not limited, to the following:

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1 (i) Water Resource Inventory Area (WRIA) 32 and 35 watershed 2 management plans

3 (ii) Snake River Salmon Recovery Plan

4 (iii) Flood damage prevention ordinances

5 (iv) Washington State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) regulations

6 (v) Zoning, floodplain development, and GMA ordinances

7 (b) State and federal programs include, but are not limited to the following:

8 (i) Washington State Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA)

9 (ii) Washington State Pesticide Applicator License Requirements

10 (iii) Washington State Waste Discharge Permits

11 (iv) Washington State Water Quality Certification Requirements (401)

12 (v) USACE 404 Permits and Section 10 Permits

13 (3) The policies in the SMP, contained in the SMP Elements, state those underlying 14 objectives that the regulations are intended to accomplish. The policies guide 15 the interpretation and enforcement of the SMP regulations contained in this 16 section. The policies are not regulations in themselves and, therefore, do not 17 impose requirements beyond those set forth in the regulations.

18 (4) This SMP contains critical area regulations in Article V, applicable only in 19 shoreline jurisdictions that provide a level of protection to critical areas ensuring 20 no net loss of shoreline ecological functions necessary to sustain shoreline 21 natural resources (RCW 36.70A.480). In the event of a conflict between the 22 requirements of this code and any other code or ordinance of the Coalition 23 members, the regulation that provides the greater protection for the particular 24 critical area within shoreline jurisdiction shall apply.

25 (5) Projects in the shoreline jurisdiction that have either been deemed technically 26 complete through the application process or have been approved through local 27 and state reviews prior to the adoption of this SMP are considered accepted. 28 Major changes or new phases of projects that were not included in the originally 29 approved plan will be subject to the policies and regulations of this SMP.

30 XX.XX.050 Liberal Construction

31 (1) RCW 90.58.900 – SMA is exempted from the rule of strict construction, and it 32 shall be liberally construed to give full effect to the objectives and purposes for 33 which it was enacted.

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1 XX.XX.060 Severability

2 (1) Should any section or provision of this SMP be declared invalid, such decision 3 shall not affect the validity of this SMP as a whole.

4 XX.XX.070 Effective Date

5 (1) The SMP is hereby adopted on the XX day of XX 201X. This SMP and all 6 amendments thereto shall become effective 14 days after final approval and 7 adoption by Ecology.

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1 Article II. Environment Designation

2 XX.XX.100 Environment Designations

3 (1) The Coalition has designated shorelines pursuant to RCW 90.58 by defining 4 them, providing criteria for their identification, and establishing shoreline 5 ecological functions to be protected. Project proponents are responsible for 6 determining whether a shoreline exists and is regulated pursuant to this SMP. 7 The SMP classifies Coalition shoreline areas into seven shoreline environment 8 designations consistent with the purpose and designation criteria as follows:

9 (a) Aquatic

10 (b) Natural

11 (c) Rural

12 (d) Conservancy

13 (e) Recreation

14 (f) High Intensity

15 (g) Shoreline Residential

16 (2) Official Shoreline Maps

17 (a) Shoreline Area Designations are delineated on a map, hereby incorporated 18 as a part of this SMP (Section XX.XX.870), that shall be known as the 19 Official Shoreline Map. Maps indicating the extent of shoreline 20 jurisdiction and shoreline environment designations are to be used in 21 conjunction with the most current scientific and technical information 22 available, field investigations, and on-site surveys to accurately establish 23 the location and extent of shoreline jurisdiction when a project is 24 proposed.

25 (3) Unmapped or Undesignated Shorelines

26 (a) All areas meeting the definition of a shoreline of the state or an SSWS, 27 whether mapped or not, are subject to the provisions of this SMP.

28 (4) Interpretation of Environment Designation Boundaries

29 (a) Whenever existing physical features are inconsistent with boundaries on 30 the Official Shoreline Map, the Shoreline Administrator shall interpret the 31 boundaries. Appeals of such interpretations may be filed pursuant to 32 Section XX.XX.810, Appeals.

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1 (b) All shoreline areas waterward of the OHWM shall be designated Aquatic.

2 (c) Only one shoreline area designation shall apply to a given shoreland area. 3 Parallel designations shall be divided along an identified linear feature. 4 Such linear features shall be clearly noted in the metadata associated with 5 the Official Shoreline Map.

6 (d) All areas within shorelines that are not mapped and/or designated are 7 automatically assigned Conservancy designation.

8 (e) Environment designations for shorelines within UGA will be effective 9 under the city or town’s shoreline jurisdictions immediately upon 10 annexation of the area into the city limits, except for cities of Dayton and 11 Asotin.

12 XX.XX.110 Aquatic

13 (1) Purpose

14 (a) The purpose of the Aquatic shoreline environment designation is to 15 protect, restore, and manage the unique characteristics and resources of the 16 areas waterward of the OHWM.

17 (2) Designation Criteria

18 (a) An Aquatic shoreline environment designation is assigned to lands and 19 waters waterward of the OHWM

20 (3) Management Policies

21 (a) In addition to the other applicable policies and regulations of this SMP, 22 the following management policies shall apply:

23 (i) New over-water structures should be allowed only for 24 water-dependent uses, public access, recreation, or ecological 25 restoration.

26 (ii) Shoreline uses and modifications should be designed and managed 27 to prevent degradation of water quality and natural hydrographic 28 conditions.

29 (iii) In-water uses should be allowed where impacts can be mitigated to 30 ensure no net loss of shoreline ecological functions. Permitted 31 in-water uses must be managed to avoid impacts to shoreline 32 ecological functions. Impacts must be minimized and mitigated.

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1 (iv) On navigable waters or their beds, all uses and developments 2 should be located and designed to meet all of the following 3 requirements:

4 (A) Avoid or minimize interference with surface navigation

5 (B) Avoid or minimize impacts to public views

6 (C) Allow for the safe, unobstructed passage of fish and 7 wildlife, particularly species dependent on daily 8 movements among habitat types and seasonal migration.

9 (b) Multiple or shared use of over-water and water access facilities should be 10 encouraged to reduce the impacts of shoreline development and increase 11 effective use of water resources.

12 (c) Structures and activities permitted should be related in size, form, design, 13 and intensity of use to those permitted in the immediately adjacent upland 14 area. The size of new over-water structures should be limited to the 15 minimum necessary to support the structure's intended use.

16 (d) Natural light should be allowed to penetrate to the extent necessary to 17 support fisheries and nearshore aquatic habitat unless other illumination is 18 required by state or federal agencies.

19 (e) Aquaculture practices should be encouraged in those waters and beds most 20 suitable for such use. Aquaculture should be discouraged where it would 21 adversely affect the strength or viability of native stocks or unreasonably 22 interfere with navigation.

23 (f) Shoreline uses, development, activities, and modifications in the Aquatic 24 shoreline environment designation requiring use of adjacent landside 25 property should be in a shoreline environment designation that allows that 26 use, development, activity, or modification.

27 XX.XX.120 Natural

28 (Public shorelands exhibiting high ecological integrity [e.g., cliff habitats on the Snake and 29 Grande Ronde rivers, creeks, and Touchet and Tucannon River reaches in the Umatilla National 30 Forest])

31 (1) Purpose

32 (a) The purpose of the Natural shoreline environment designation is to protect 33 those shoreline areas that are relatively free of human influence or that 34 include intact or minimally degraded shoreline ecological functions less 35 tolerant of human use. These systems require that only very low-intensity 36 uses be allowed in order to maintain the ecological functions and

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1 ecosystem-wide processes. Consistent with the policies of the 2 designation, restoration of degraded shorelines within this environment is 3 appropriate.

4 (2) Designation Criteria

5 (a) The following criteria should be considered in assigning a Natural 6 Environment Designation:

7 (i) The shoreline ecological functions have no or minimal human 8 impacts and have a high opportunity for preservation and low 9 technical and logistical opportunity for restoration.

10 (ii) The shoreline is generally in public or conservancy ownership or 11 under covenant, easement, or a conservation tax program.

12 (iii) The shoreline contains little or no development or is planned for 13 development that would have minimal adverse impacts to 14 ecological functions or risk to human safety.

15 (iv) There are low-intensity agricultural or forested land uses and no 16 active mining uses.

17 (v) The shoreline has high potential for low-impact, passive, or public 18 recreation.

19 (vi) The shoreline is considered to represent ecosystems and geologic 20 types that have high scientific and educational value.

21 (3) Management Policies

22 (a) In addition to other applicable policies and regulations, the following 23 management policies shall apply:

24 (i) Any use beyond existing uses that would substantially degrade 25 shoreline ecological functions or natural character of the shoreline 26 area should not be allowed.

27 (ii) Scientific, historic, cultural, educational research, and low-impact, 28 passive recreational uses are allowed, in addition to existing uses, 29 while meeting no net loss of ecological function requirements.

30 (iii) Single-family residential development may be allowed as a 31 conditional use if the density and intensity of such use is limited as 32 necessary to protect ecological functions and is consistent with the 33 purpose of the environment.

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1 (iv) Vegetation should remain undisturbed except for removal of 2 noxious vegetation and invasive species through ongoing 3 management activities or as part of a development proposal. 4 Proposed subdivision or lot line adjustments, new development, or 5 significant vegetation removal that would reduce the capability of 6 vegetation to perform normal ecological functions should not be 7 allowed.

8 (v) Uses that would deplete physical or biological resources or impair 9 views to or from the shoreline over time should be prohibited.

10 (vi) Only physical alterations that serve to support an existing use, 11 protect a significant or unique physical, biological, or visual 12 shoreline feature that might otherwise be degraded or destroyed, or 13 those alterations that are the minimum necessary to support a 14 permitted use should be allowed.

15 (vii) Only the following types of signs should be considered for location 16 in the shorelines: interpretive, directional, navigational, regulatory, 17 and public.

18 XX.XX.130 Rural

19 (Private lands in working rural landscapes, including agricultural areas and rangelands, rural 20 transportation corridors, timber lands, and other privately owned large parcels)

21 (1) Purpose

22 (a) The purpose of the Rural Environment Designation is to protect rural 23 agricultural and working forest lands, rural transportation corridors, other 24 privately owned large parcels, and working lands in public ownership 25 from urban expansion; restrict intensive development along undeveloped 26 spaces; protect shoreline ecological functions; conserve existing 27 agricultural, rangeland, and forest resources in order to provide for 28 sustained resource use; and maintain natural processes. In addition to 29 existing and future agricultural, rangeland, and forest uses, examples of 30 uses that are appropriate in the Rural shoreline environment designation 31 include low- and higher intensity recreation uses, development in support 32 of agricultural uses, and low-intensity residential development.

33 (2) Designation Criteria

34 (a) The following criteria are used to consider in Rural Environment 35 Designation:

36 (i) The shoreline is located outside of incorporated municipalities.

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1 (ii) The shoreline is not highly developed, and most development is 2 agriculture, rangeland, forest, or low-density residential; and 3 unimproved land is used for livestock grazing, logging, and/or 4 harvesting of non-cultivated crops.

5 (iii) The shoreline has riparian vegetation with high to moderate 6 ecological functions.

7 (iv) The shoreline has low to moderate potential for public, 8 water-oriented recreation where ecological functions can be 9 maintained or restored.

10 (v) The shoreline has high potential for agricultural uses.

11 (3) Management Policies

12 (a) In addition to the other applicable policies and regulations of this SMP, 13 the following management policies shall apply:

14 (i) In addition to existing agriculture, forestry, or rangeland uses, 15 other shoreline uses should be limited to those that sustain the 16 shoreline area's physical and biological resources and do not 17 substantially degrade shoreline ecological functions or the rural or 18 natural character of the shoreline area.

19 (ii) New developments shall ensure no net loss of shoreline ecological 20 functions and preserve the existing character of the shoreline 21 consistent with the purpose of this designation (e.g., residential 22 developments shall maintain low density, adequate buffer, and 23 from the water and wetlands).

24 (iii) Encourage regulations that provide adequate buffers from the 25 shoreline, promote water quality protection and native vegetation 26 conservation, promote invasive species control or removal and 27 replacement with native species, provide opportunities for 28 restoration actions, and reduce the need for shoreline stabilization 29 to ensure no net loss of shoreline ecological functions.

30 (iv) Water-dependent agriculture uses and facilities that conserve 31 natural resources are preferred uses, provided that significant 32 adverse impacts to the shoreline are avoided and impacts are 33 minimized and mitigated.

34 (v) Developments and uses that would substantially degrade or 35 permanently deplete the biological resources of the area should not 36 be allowed.

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1 (vi) New shoreline stabilization, flood-control measures, vegetation 2 removal, and other shoreline modifications should be designed and 3 managed consistent with these guidelines to ensure the natural 4 shoreline functions are protected. Such shoreline modification 5 should not be inconsistent with planning provisions for protecting 6 or restoring shoreline ecological functions, as applicable.

7 XX.XX.140 Conservancy

8 (Publicly owned areas along the Snake River available for low-intensity recreational uses; also 9 could include other rural areas not intensively farmed, e.g. the Washington State Department of 10 Natural Resources (DNR) land on the Touchet River North and South forks, rangeland along 11 Asotin Creek and portions of Tucannon and Touchet rivers, along with open-space areas within 12 Clarkston and Starbuck)

13 (1) Purpose

14 (a) The purpose of the Conservancy Environment Designation is to protect 15 shoreline ecological functions and conserve existing natural 16 resource-based uses such as lower intensity agriculture, forestry, and 17 valuable historic and cultural areas in order to provide for sustained 18 resource use, achieve natural floodplain processes where applicable, and 19 provide recreational opportunities. In addition to existing low-intensity 20 agriculture or rangeland uses, examples of uses that are appropriate in a 21 Conservancy shoreline environment designation include low-impact 22 recreation, natural resource-based uses, and low-intensity residential 23 development.

24 (2) Designation Criteria

25 (a) The following criteria are used to consider a Conservancy Environment 26 Designation:

27 (i) The shoreline is located outside of incorporated municipalities;

28 (ii) The shoreline is not highly developed, and most development is 29 related to forestry, low-density residential, and rangelands used for 30 livestock grazing and harvesting non-cultivated crops;

31 (iii) Water-oriented recreation where ecological functions can be 32 maintained or restored, or;

33 (iv) The shoreline has high scientific or educational value or unique 34 historic or cultural resources value.

35 (3) Management Policies

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1 (a) In addition to the other applicable policies and regulations of this SMP, 2 the following management policies shall apply:

3 (i) In addition to existing uses, other shoreline uses should be limited 4 to those that sustain the shoreline area’s physical and biological 5 resources and do not degrade shoreline ecological functions or the 6 rural or natural character of the shoreline area.

7 (ii) Development shall ensure no net loss of shoreline ecological 8 functions and preserve the existing character of the shoreline 9 consistent with the purpose of this designation.

10 (iii) Encourage regulations that limit lot coverage, provide adequate 11 setbacks from the shoreline, promote native vegetation 12 conservation and invasive species control/removal and replacement 13 with native species, reduce the need for shoreline stabilization, and 14 maintain or improve water quality to ensure no net loss of 15 shoreline ecological functions.

16 (iv) Water-dependent, water-related, and water-oriented recreation 17 facilities that do not deplete the resource over time are preferred 18 uses. Adverse impacts to the shoreline must be avoided. Impacts 19 shall be avoided if technically possible, otherwise they shall be 20 minimized and mitigated.

21 (v) Commercial and industrial uses, other than low-intensity 22 agricultural practices and commercial forestry, shall be 23 discouraged.

24 (vi) Development and uses that would substantially degrade or 25 permanently deplete the biological resources of the area should not 26 be allowed.

27 (vii) New shoreline stabilization, flood-control measures, vegetation 28 removal, and other shoreline modifications should be designed and 29 managed consistent with these guidelines to ensure the natural 30 shoreline functions are protected, and consistent with restoring 31 shoreline ecological functions, as applicable.

32 (viii) Where feasible and appropriate, visual and physical public access 33 provisions may be included as consistent with 34 Section XX.XX.260, Public Access.

35 XX.XX.150 Recreation

36 (Parks, boat launches, campgrounds, trails, etc. along most of the waterbodies)

37 (1) Purpose

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1 (a) The purpose of the Recreation Environment Designation is to provide for 2 water-oriented recreational uses with potential opportunity for commercial 3 and/or residential (mixed) uses to support recreational uses while 4 protecting existing ecological functions, conserving existing natural 5 resources, and restoring ecological functions in areas that have been 6 previously degraded.

7 (2) Designation Criteria

8 (a) The following criteria are used to consider a Recreation Environment 9 Designation:

10 (i) The shoreline has low to moderate ecological function with low to 11 moderate practical technical and logistical feasibility for ecological 12 restoration.

13 (ii) The shoreline is highly developed, and most development is 14 recreation-related with potential for additional recreation and 15 recreation-related commerce or is suitable and planned for 16 water-oriented uses.

17 (iii) The shoreline has existing recreation uses or moderate to high 18 potential for public and private, water-oriented recreation where 19 ecological functions can be maintained or enhanced.

20 (3) Management Policies

21 (a) In addition to the other applicable policies and regulations of this SMP, 22 the following management policies shall apply:

23 (i) In regulating uses in the Recreation environment, first priority 24 should be given to water-dependent recreational uses. Second 25 priority should be given to water-related and water-enjoyment 26 recreational uses. Non-water-oriented uses should not be allowed, 27 except as part of mixed-use developments with a recreation focus.

28 (ii) Policies and regulations shall ensure no net loss of shoreline 29 ecological functions as a result of new development. Consistent 30 with the potential project impacts, new development may be 31 required, as applicable, to include restoration of shoreline functions 32 as part of project proposal mitigation.

33 (iii) Visual and physical public access should be required as provided 34 for in Section XX.XX.260, Public Access. Recreational objectives 35 should be enhanced by combining physical and visual public 36 access opportunities with other recreational opportunities where 37 feasible.

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1 (iv) Water-oriented commercial uses should be allowed.

2 (v) Aesthetic objectives should be implemented by means such as 3 sign-control regulations, appropriate development siting, 4 screening, and architectural standards, and maintaining natural 5 riparian and upland vegetative buffers.

6 XX.XX.160 High Intensity

7 (Lower Snake River dams, ports, treatment plants, other industrial uses, and non-industrial Port 8 District commercial uses, i.e., hotels, restaurants in Clarkston)

9 (1) Purpose

10 (a) The purpose of the High Intensity Environment Designation is to provide 11 for water-dependent public and private commercial and industrial uses. 12 The preferred use emphasis is on water-dependent or water-oriented 13 commerce and industry. Examples of uses that are appropriate in a 14 High Intensity shoreline environment include hydro-electric power 15 generation, irrigation water supply diversion or conveyance, 16 transportation, navigation uses, grain elevators, fish hatcheries, barge and 17 conveyance facilities, marinas, hotels and restaurants (when designed with 18 water-enjoyment features), and similar uses. This environment may also 19 provide for recreation, while protecting existing ecological functions and 20 restoring ecological functions in areas that have been previously degraded.

21 (2) Designation Criteria

22 (a) Assign a High Intensity Environment Designation to shoreline areas in the 23 following situations:

24 (i) The shoreline is significantly degraded with low opportunity for 25 ecological enhancement or rehabilitation.

26 (ii) The shoreline is highly developed, and most development is related 27 to public utility, infrastructure, navigation, industry, or commerce 28 with potential for additional related development, facility 29 rehabilitation, or upgrade modifications.

30 (iii) The uses depend on proximity to water, including high-intensity 31 uses related to industrial production, conveyance, transportation, 32 wastewater treatment, or navigation.

33 (3) Management Policies

34 (a) In addition to the other applicable policies and regulations of this SMP, 35 the following management policies shall apply:

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1 (i) In regulating uses in the High Intensity environment, first priority 2 should be given to water-dependent industrial, commercial, or 3 public-facility uses. Second priority should be given to 4 water-related and water-enjoyment uses that are not in conflict 5 with the surrounding industrial or commercial uses. 6 Non-water-oriented uses are allowed as part of a water dependent 7 or water related industrial or commercial operational needs.

8 (ii) Policies and regulations shall ensure no net loss of shoreline 9 ecological functions as a result of redevelopment, facility 10 upgrades, and new development. Where applicable, development 11 shall include environmental cleanup and restoration of the 12 shoreline to comply in accordance with any relevant state and 13 federal laws.

14 (iii) Where feasible and appropriate, visual and physical public access 15 provisions may be included as consistent with 16 Section XX.XX.260, Public Access.

17 (iv) Aesthetic objectives should be implemented by means such as 18 appropriate development siting, screening, and maintenance of 19 natural vegetative buffers.

20

21 XX.XX.170 Shoreline Residential

22 (Residential areas within the Town of Starbuck and City of Clarkston, and within existing higher 23 density-developed areas in Asotin County along the Snake River [Snake River Road], and Asotin 24 Creek, in Columbia County in some similar areas along the Touchet and, Tucannon rivers and 25 Asotin Creek)

26 (1) Purpose

27 (a) The purpose of the Shoreline Residential Environment Designation is to 28 accommodate primarily residential development and appurtenant 29 structures but also to allow other types of development consistent with this 30 section. An additional purpose is to provide appropriate public access and 31 recreational uses.

32 (2) Designation Criteria

33 (a) Assign a Shoreline Residential Environment Designation to shoreline 34 areas in the following situations:

35 (i) The shoreline has low to moderate ecological function with low to 36 moderate opportunity for restoration.

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1 (ii) The shoreline contains mostly residential development at urban 2 densities or in clusters in rural setting.

3 (iii) The shoreline has low to moderate potential for low-impact, 4 passive, or active water-oriented recreation where ecological 5 functions can be restored.

6 (3) Management Policies

7 (a) In addition to the other applicable policies and regulations of this SMP, 8 the following management policies shall apply:

9 (i) Require regulations that ensure no net loss of shoreline ecological 10 functions as a result of new development such as limiting lot 11 coverage, providing adequate setbacks from the shoreline, 12 promoting vegetation conservation, reducing the need for shoreline 13 stabilization, and maintaining or improving water quality.

14 (ii) The scale and density of new uses and development should be 15 compatible with the existing residential character of the area.

16 (iii) Public access and joint (rather than individual) use of recreational 17 facilities should be promoted.

18 (iv) Access, utilities, and public services to serve proposed 19 development within shorelines should be constructed outside 20 shorelines to the extent feasible and be the minimum necessary to 21 adequately serve existing needs and planned future development.

22 (v) Public or private outdoor recreation facilities should be provided 23 with proposals for subdivision development and encouraged with 24 all shoreline development if compatible with the character of the 25 area. Priority should be given first to water-dependent and then to 26 water-enjoyment recreation facilities.

27 (vi) Commercial development should be limited to water-oriented uses. 28 Non-water-oriented commercial uses should only be allowed as 29 part of mixed-used developments.

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1 Article III. General Regulations

2 XX.XX.200 Shoreline Use and Modification

3 (1) Regulations

4 (a) SMP Table XX.XX.200 (3) indicates which shoreline activities, uses, 5 developments, and modifications may be allowed or are prohibited in 6 shoreline jurisdiction within each shoreline environment designation. 7 Activities, uses, developments, and modifications are classified as follows:

8 (i) “Permitted Uses” require a Shoreline Substantial Development 9 Permit or a Shoreline Exemption.

10 (ii) “Conditional Uses” require a Shoreline Conditional Use Permit per 11 Section XX.XX.750.

12 (iii) “Prohibited” activities, uses, developments, and modifications are 13 not allowed and cannot be permitted through a Variance or 14 Shoreline Conditional Use Permit.

15 (iv) General Regulations (Section XX.XX, Article III) and Shoreline 16 Modification and Uses Regulations (Section XX.XX, Article IV) 17 shall be considered for additional limitations.

18 (b) All uses shall comply with the written provisions and regulations in this 19 SMP and the shoreline use and modification matrix in 20 Section XX.XX.200 (3). Where there is a conflict between the chart and 21 the written provisions in this SMP, the written provisions shall control.

22 (2) General:

23 (a) Accessory uses shall be subject to the same shoreline permit process as 24 their primary use.

25 (b) Authorized uses and modifications shall be allowed only in shoreline 26 jurisdictions where the underlying zoning allows for it and is subject to the 27 policies and regulations of this SMP.

28 (c) A use is considered unclassified when it is not listed in 29 Table XX.XX.200 (3) or in the Shoreline Modification and Uses 30 Regulations (Section XX.XX, Article IV). Any proposed unclassified use 31 may be authorized as a conditional use provided that the applicant can 32 demonstrate consistency with the requirements of this SMP.

33 (d) If any part of a proposed activity, use, modification, or development is not 34 eligible for exemption per Section XX.XX.770 (Exemptions from

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1 Shoreline Substantial Development Permits), then a Shoreline Substantial 2 Development Permit or Shoreline Conditional Use Permit shall be 3 required for the entire proposed development project.

4 (e) When a specific use or modification extends into the Aquatic environment 5 and an abutting upland environment without clear separation (e.g., private 6 moorage facility or shoreline stabilization), the most restrictive permit 7 process shall apply to that use or modification.

8 (f) Shoreline and critical areas buffers provided in Table XX.XX.210 (2-4) 9 and described in Section XX.XX, Article V, apply to all uses and 10 modifications unless stated otherwise in the regulations.

11 (g) Any uses allowed in the floodway in any environment designation, except 12 as allowed by Section XX.XX.540, Frequently Flooded Areas.

13 (h) Administrative interpretation of these regulations shall be done according 14 to Section XX.XX.710, Interpretation.

15 (3) Shoreline Use and Modification Matrix:

16 Table XX.XX.200 (3). Shoreline Use and Modification Matrix for the 17 Southeast Washington Region

A = Allowed with Substantial Development Permit

C = Conditional Use

X = Prohibited

NA = Not Applicable

Use/Modification Aquatic Natural Rural Conservancy Recreation Intensity High Shoreline Residential Resource Uses Agriculture X X A A1 X X A Aquaculture A2 X C A2, C X A2, C X Forest practices NA C A A C X C Mining X X C C X C X Boating Facilities Public boat launch (motorized boats) C X C C C C C Private boat launch (motorized boats) – only allowed A X A A NA A A on Snake River south of Asotin Private boat launch (non-motorized boats— canoe/kayak; and drift boats on Snake River south of A X A A NA A A Asotin and Grande Ronde) Marina A X C C A A C Live-aboard vessels A X C C A A C Docks, Piers, Mooring Facilities Private and shared moorage X X X X NA X X Public moorage A X C A A A A

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A = Allowed with Substantial Development Permit

C = Conditional Use

X = Prohibited

NA = Not Applicable

Use/Modification Aquatic Natural Rural Conservancy Recreation Intensity High Shoreline Residential Covered moorage C X X X X C X Commercial Development Water-dependent A X A A A A C Water-related, water-enjoyment X X A C A A C Non-water-oriented X X C3 C3 A3 A3 X Dredging Activities Dredging A NA NA NA NA NA NA Dredge material disposal C X C C C C C Dredging and fill as part of ecological A A A A A A A restoration/enhancement Fill Fill waterward of OHWM and in floodways C C C C C C C Other upland fill NA C A A A A A Industrial Uses Water-dependent X X X X X A X Water-related, water-enjoyment X X X X X A X Non-water-oriented X X X X X A3 X In-water Modifications Breakwater C X C C C C C Groins and weirs C X C C C C C In-stream structures C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 C4 Research and Monitoring Water-dependent A A A A A A A Water-related A A A A A A A Non-water-oriented A A A A A A A Recreational Development Water-dependent A A5 A A5 A A A Water-related, water-enjoyment (trails, accessory C A5 A A5 A A A buildings) Non-water-oriented X X A C A A A3 Residential Development X C A A5 A A3 A Shoreline Habitat and Natural Systems Enhancement Projects A A A A A A A Flood Control and Shoreline Stabilization Flood Control Modification of existing flood-control facilities (dams, dikes, and levees), including replacement landward of A A A A A A A existing location New flood-control facilities (dams, dikes, and levees) C X C C C A C

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A = Allowed with Substantial Development Permit

C = Conditional Use

X = Prohibited

NA = Not Applicable

Use/Modification Aquatic Natural Rural Conservancy Recreation Intensity High Shoreline Residential Shoreline Stabilization New – Conventional (bulkheads, riprap) C X C C C C C New – Biotechnical A A A A A A A Replacement6 A A A A A A A Transportation Highways, arterials, railroads (parallel to OHWM) C X A A A A A Secondary/ public access roads (parallel to NA X A A A A A OHWM) Roads perpendicular to the OHWM X C A A A A A Bridges (perpendicular to shoreline) C C A C A A C Existing bridges, trails, roads, and parking A A A A A A A facilities: improvement or expansion7 New parking, primary X X X X X X X New parking, accessory Takes permit types of primary use Utilities Above-ground and underground utilities (parallel C C A A A A A and across shoreline) 1 Notes: 2 1 = Allowed when agricultural uses are passive, such as livestock grazing, harvesting of non-cultivated 3 crops, or small-scale farms, or when ecological functions are degraded to the point where the land is 4 functionally equivalent to cultivated land. 5 2 = Allowed for non-commercial net pens, rearing ponds, or acclimation facilities supporting salmon 6 recovery efforts. 7 3 = New uses are allowed as part of mixed use or according to Section XX.XX.340 (2), Section 8 XX.XX.380 (2), or as part of an existing use according to Article VI, Existing Uses, Structures and Lots 9 4 = Allowed for habitat restoration and/or fish habitat enhance purposes 10 5 = Low-intensity only 11 6 = Exempt for protective bulkhead common to single-family residences according to Section XX.XX.770 12 (4)(c) and when consistent with Section XX.XX.440 (5) and (6) 13 7 = Expansion not allowed within riparian habitat area buffer, unless mitigation report demonstrates no 14 other feasible alternatives exist outside of the buffer; impacts shall be fully mitigated 15

16 XX.XX.210 Development Standards

17 (1) Regulations

18 (a) To preserve the existing and planned character of the shoreline consistent 19 with the purposes of the shoreline environment designations, development 20 standards are provided in the Table XX.XX.210 (2-1) below. These 21 standards apply to all uses and modifications, unless indicated otherwise. 22 In addition, shoreline developments shall comply with all other 23 dimensional requirements of applicable local codes.

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1 (b) When a development or use is proposed that does not comply with the 2 dimensional performance standards of this SMP not otherwise allowed by 3 administrative reduction or administrative modification, such development 4 or use can only be authorized by approval of a shoreline variance.

5 (c) No permit shall be issued for any new or expanded building or structure of 6 more than 35 feet above average grade level on shorelines of the state that 7 will obstruct the view of a substantial number of residences on areas 8 adjoining such shorelines, except for Rural and High Intensity 9 environments, or where the SMP does not prohibit the same, and then only 10 when overriding considerations of the public interest will be served.

11 (2) Shoreline Development Standards Matrix

12 Table XX.XX.210 (2-1). Shoreline Development Standards for Asotin, Columbia, and 13 Garfield Counties

Rural Natural Aquatic Aquatic Recreation Conservancy High Intensity Intensity High

Standard Residential Shoreline Building height As 15 35 35 maximum in feet required Up to 10% for lots greater Up to 10% for lots greater Impervious surface NA 5% than 5 acres; up to 15% NA than 5 acres; up to 15% cover for lots 5 acres or less for lots 5 acres or less Up to 10 feet or as required by ADA regulations. Trails on private properties Trail width in feet NA and not open for public use shall be up to 5 feet wide. 14 Notes: 15 ADA = Americans for Disabilities Act 16 NA = Not applicable 17 Table XX.XX.210 (2-2). Shoreline Development Standards for the City of Clarkston

Residential Aquatic Aquatic Recreation Conservancy High Intensity Intensity High

Standard Shoreline Building height NA 35 As required 35 maximum in feet

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Residential Aquatic Aquatic Recreation Conservancy High Intensity Intensity High

Standard Shoreline Impervious NA 15% Up to 25% Up to 35% Up to 35% surface cover Up to 10 feet or as required by ADA regulations. Trails on private Trail width in feet NA properties and not open for public use shall be up to 5 feet wide.5 1 Note: 2 ADA = Americans for Disabilities Act 3 NA = Not applicable 4

5 Table XX.XX.210 (2-3). Shoreline Development Standards for the Town of Starbuck

Rural Aquatic Aquatic Conservancy

Standard Shoreline Residential Building height NA 35 maximum in feet Impervious NA Up to 15% Up to 35% surface cover Trail width in Up to 10 feet or as required by ADA regulations. Trails on private NA feet properties and not open for public use shall be up to 5 feet wide5. 6 Notes: 7 ADA = Americans for Disabilities Act 8 NA = Not applicable 9

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1 Table XX.XX.210 (2-4) 2 Southeast Washington Regional SMP 3 Reach-based Riparian Buffer Widths for all Jurisdictions

Waterbody/Reach/Jurisdiction (See Environment Designation with Reaches Map) Riparian Buffer Width (Feet)1,2

Segments of All Waterbodies with Natural • Entire SMA jurisdiction area Environment Designation

Segments of All Waterbodies with Conservancy Environment Designation • 150 feet (Except Starbuck and Clarkston)

• 75 feet for areas where riparian habitat area is 60 feet in width or less • Where a riparian habitat area width is greater than 60 feet but less Asotin, George and Joseph Creeks; than 135 feet, then the buffer extends 15 feet beyond the edge of Grande Ronde, Snake, Tucannon and the riparian area Touchet Rivers • 150 feet where riparian habitat area is 135 feet in width or greater • To the edge of the CREP lands contracted edge; no maximum buffer width applies to these lands

• 100 feet (Conservancy Environment Designation) Tucannon River – Starbuck Reach • 75 feet (Rural Environment Designation)

• 65 feet (Conservancy) • 50 feet (Recreation) Snake River – Clarkston Reach • 35 feet (High Intensity) • 65 feet (Shoreline Residential)

4 Notes: 5 1 = Measured from the OHWM or top of bank, on each side of the channel as applicable. 6 2 = Accompanied by stormwater management measures/facilities, geologic hazard protections, wetland 7 buffers, priority habitat and species-specific management recommendations, and other Shoreline Master 8 Program conditions, as applicable. 9 CREP = Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program 10 OHWM = ordinary high water mark 11 SMP = Shoreline Master Program 12

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1 XX.XX.220 Archaeological and Historic Resources

2 (1) Permits issued in areas documented to contain archaeological resources may 3 require a site inspection or evaluation by a professional archaeologist in 4 coordination with affected Indian tribes.

5 (2) Upon receipt of application for a shoreline permit or application for a 6 demolition permit within the shoreline area, or request for a statement of 7 exemption for development on properties within 200 feet of a site known to 8 contain a historic, cultural or archaeological resource(s), the Shoreline 9 Administrator t may require a cultural resource site survey/assessment. The site 10 assessment shall be conducted by a professional archaeologist or historic 11 preservation professional, as applicable, to determine the presence of historic or 12 significant archaeological resources, and be paid by the applicant.

13 (3) If the cultural resource site assessment identifies the presence of archaeological, 14 or significant historic, cultural resources, recommendations shall be prepared by 15 a professional archaeologist or historic preservation professional, as part of the 16 survey/assessment. In the preparation of such plans, the professional 17 archaeologist or historic preservation professional shall solicit comments from 18 the Washington State Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, the 19 affected Tribes. Comments received shall be incorporated into the conclusions 20 and recommended conditions of the survey/assessment to the maximum extent 21 practicable.

22 (a) A Cultural Resources survey/assessment shall contain the following 23 elements, as applicable:

24 (i) The purpose of the project; a site plan for proposed on-site 25 development; including indication of any existing building or 26 structures on-site as well as any that are proposed for removal; 27 depth and location of all ground disturbing activities including, but 28 not limited to, utilities, paved areas, clearing and grading, 29 landscaping or new landscape features (i.e. fencing, walls, etc.); an 30 examination of project on-site design alternatives; and an 31 explanation of why the proposed activity requires a location on, or 32 access across and/or through, an historic or archaeological 33 resource; and

34 (ii) A description of the historic/archaeological resources present, 35 including any building or structure over 40 years of age affected by 36 the proposal; and

37 (iii) An analysis of the significance of the historic resource and an 38 analysis of the potential adverse impacts as a result of the activity;

39 (iv) An analysis of how these impacts will be/have been avoided; or

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1 (v) A recommendation of appropriate mitigation measures if the 2 resources cannot be avoided (Note: Some mitigation measure may 3 require additional approval from DAHP). In the case of 4 archaeological resources mitigation measures may include but are 5 not limited to the following:

6 (A) Recording the site with the State Department of 7 Archaeology and Historic Preservation, or listing the site in 8 the National Register of Historic Places, Washington 9 Heritage Register, as applicable, or any locally developed 10 historic registry formally adopted by the [jurisdiction] 11 Council;

12 (B) Adaptive re-use of buildings or structures according to the 13 U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for 14 Rehabilitation.

15 (C) Preservation in place;

16 (D) Covering an archaeological site with a nonstructural 17 surface to discourage pilferage (e.g., maintained grass or 18 pavement);

19 (E) Excavation and recovery of archaeological resources;

20 (F) Inventorying prior to covering of archaeological resources 21 with structures or development; and

22 (G) Archaeological monitoring of construction excavation.

23 (4) The Shoreline Administrator shall consult with the Washington State 24 Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, and affected Tribes prior 25 to approval and acceptance of the survey/assessment.

26 (5) Based upon consultation with DAHP and the affected Tribe(s), the Shoreline 27 Administrator may reject or request revision of the conclusions reached in a 28 survey/assessment when the Shoreline Administrator can demonstrate that the 29 assessment is inaccurate or does not fully address the historic/archaeological 30 resource management concerns involved.

31 (6) In all developments, if archaeological resources are uncovered during 32 excavation, developers and property owners shall stop work immediately and 33 notify the local government, and the Shoreline Administrator will then 34 coordinate with the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, and 35 affected Indian tribes for guidance on complying with applicable state and 36 federal laws and regulations. The Shoreline Administrator will work with the 37 developer and property owners to verify compliance with applicable 38 requirements.

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1

2 XX.XX.230 Environmental Protection

3 (1) All project proposals, including those for which a Shoreline Substantial 4 Development Permit is not required, shall comply with RCW 43.21C, the 5 SEPA.

6 (2) Applicants shall apply the following mitigation sequencing steps in order of 7 priority to avoid or minimize adverse effects and significant ecological impacts 8 [with (a) being top priority]:

9 (a) Avoid the adverse impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts 10 of an action.

11 (b) Minimize adverse impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the 12 action and its implementation by using appropriate technology or by 13 taking affirmative steps to avoid or reduce impacts.

14 (c) Rectify the adverse impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the 15 affected environment to the conditions existing at the time of the initiation 16 of the project.

17 (d) Reduce or eliminate the adverse impact over time by preservation and 18 maintenance operations.

19 (e) Compensate for the adverse impact by replacing, enhancing, or providing 20 substitute resources or environments.

21 (f) Monitor the adverse impact and the compensation projects and taking 22 appropriate corrective measures.

23 (3) Projects that cause significant adverse environmental impacts, as defined in 24 WAC 197-11-794 and Section XX.XX.860, Definitions, are not allowed unless 25 mitigated according to Section XX.XX.230 (2), above, to avoid reduction or 26 damage to ecosystem-wide processes and ecological functions. As part of this 27 analysis, the applicant shall evaluate whether the project may adversely affect 28 existing hydrologic connections between streams and wetlands and either 29 modify the project or mitigate any impacts as needed.

30 (4) When compensatory measures are appropriate pursuant to the mitigation 31 priority sequence above, preferential consideration shall be given to measures 32 that replace the adversely impacted functions directly and in the immediate 33 vicinity of the adverse impact. However, alternative compensatory mitigation 34 may be authorized within the affected drainage area or watershed that addresses 35 limiting factors or identified critical needs for shoreline resource conservation 36 based on watershed or resource management plans, including the SMP 37 Restoration Plan, applicable to the area of adverse impact. Authorization of

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1 compensatory mitigation measures may require appropriate safeguards, terms, 2 or conditions as necessary to ensure no net loss of ecological functions.

3 XX.XX.240 Shoreline Vegetation Conservation

4 (1) Vegetation conservation standards shall not apply retroactively to existing uses 5 and developments. Vegetation associated with existing structures, uses, and 6 developments may be maintained within shoreline jurisdiction as stipulated in 7 the approval documents for the development.

8 (2) Regulations specifying shoreline buffers are located in the Section XX.XX, 9 Article V, Critical Areas. Vegetation within shoreline buffers, other stream 10 buffers, and wetlands and wetland buffers shall be managed consistent with the 11 Section XX.XX, Article V.

12 (3) Vegetation outside of shoreline buffers, other stream buffers, wetlands and 13 wetland buffers within shoreline jurisdiction shall be managed according to 14 Section XX.XX.230, Environmental Protection, and any other regulations 15 specific to vegetation management contained in other sections of this SMP.

16 (4) Vegetation clearing outside of wetlands and wetland and stream buffers shall be 17 limited to the minimum necessary to accommodate approved shoreline 18 development that is consistent with all other provisions of this SMP. Mitigation 19 sequencing per Section XX.XX.230, Environmental Protection, shall be applied 20 so that the design and location of the structure or development minimizes native 21 vegetation removal.

22 (5) Removing noxious weeds and other invasive species shall be incorporated in 23 management and mitigation plans, when applicable, to facilitate establishing a 24 stable native plant community.

25 (6) Vegetation clearing and removal activities shall only be permitted in 26 conjunction with a specific pre-existing or approved development that 27 represents a permitted or legal existing use under this Program.

28 (7) Vegetation clearing, removal, or alteration within any shoreline buffer shall be 29 discouraged and the applicant shall demonstrate by substantial evidence that 30 such activities within a shoreline buffer are necessary to accommodate an 31 allowed or permitted use, activity or development and that avoidance is not 32 feasible

33 (8) All vegetation management, preservation, and rehabilitation or enhancement 34 activities shall be designed and implemented to ensure effective maintenance of 35 vegetation in ecologically intact shoreline areas and increase the integrity of 36 vegetation in ecologically altered areas.

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1 (9) Vegetation removal or clearing activities that would likely result in significant 2 soil erosion or in the need for structural shoreline stabilization measures shall 3 not be permitted.

4 (10) Soil bioengineering techniques shall be used during the restoration of any 5 disturbed or degraded shoreline area. All such projects shall use native plant 6 materials of a diversity and type similar to those that originally occupied the 7 site.

8 XX.XX.250 Water Quality, Stormwater, and Nonpoint Pollution

9 (1) The location, design, construction, and management of all shoreline uses and 10 activities shall not reduce the quality and quantity of surface runoff water, 11 groundwater, and stormwater infiltration on and adjacent to the site.

12 (2) All shoreline development should comply with the requirements of the latest 13 version of Ecology’s Stormwater Management Manual for Eastern Washington.

14 (3) Best management practices (BMPs) for controlling erosion and sedimentation 15 shall be implemented for all shoreline development.

16 (4) Potentially harmful materials, including, but not limited to, oil, chemicals, tires, 17 or hazardous materials, shall not be allowed to enter any body of water or 18 wetland, or to be discharged onto the land. Potentially harmful materials shall 19 be maintained in safe and leak-proof containers.

20 (5) Within 25 feet of a waterbody, herbicides, fungicides, fertilizers, and pesticides 21 shall be applied in strict conformance to the manufacturer’s recommendations 22 and in accordance with relevant state and federal laws. Further, pesticides 23 subject to the final ruling in Washington Toxics Coalition, et al. v. EPA shall 24 not be applied within 60 feet for ground applications or within 300 feet for 25 aerial applications of the subject waterbodies and shall be applied by a qualified 26 professional in accordance with state and federal law.

27 (6) New development shall provide stormwater management facilities designed, 28 constructed, and maintained in accordance with the latest version of Ecology’s 29 Stormwater Management Manual for Eastern Washington, including the use of 30 BMPs. Additionally, new development shall implement low-impact 31 development techniques where feasible and necessary to fully implement the 32 core elements of the Surface Water Design Manual.

33 (7) For new development with potential for adverse impacts on water quality or 34 quantity in a stream or Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Area, a Critical 35 Area Report as prescribed in the Section XX.XX, Article V, Critical Areas, 36 shall be prepared. Such reports should discuss the project’s potential to 37 exacerbate impaired water quality parameters and which total maximum daily 38 loads (TMDLs) for pollutants have been established. The report shall prescribe 39 any necessary mitigation and monitoring.

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1 (8) All materials that may come in contact with water shall be constructed of 2 materials, such as untreated wood, concrete, and approved plastic composites or 3 steel, that will not adversely affect water quality or aquatic plants or animals. 4 Materials used for decking or other structural components shall be approved by 5 applicable state agencies for contact with water to avoid discharge of pollutants 6 from wave or boat wake splash, rain, or runoff. Wood treated with creosote, 7 copper chromium arsenic, or pentachlorophenol, or other similarly toxic 8 materials is prohibited in shoreline waterbodies.

9 XX.XX.260 Public Access

10 (1) Applicants required to provide shoreline public access shall provide physical 11 access, or if this is not appropriate for safety or similar reasons, visual access, 12 consistent with the Coalition’s Public Access Plan and other agencies’ 13 management plans when applicable, unless specifically exempted in this 14 section. Examples of physical and visual access are listed below:

15 (a) Visual Access. Visual public access may consist of view corridors, 16 viewpoints, or other means of visual access to shorelines of the state.

17 (b) Physical Access. Physical public access may consist of a dedication of 18 land or easement and a physical improvement in the form of a walkway, 19 trail, bikeway, park, boat or canoe and kayak launching ramp, dock area, 20 view platform, public right-of-way for county roads and state highways, or 21 other areas serving as a means of physical approach to public waters.

22 (2) Except as provided in Section XX.XX.260 (3) below, new uses shall provide for 23 safe and convenient public access to and along the shoreline where any of the 24 following conditions are present:

25 (a) The development is proposed by a public entity or on public lands.

26 (b) The nature of the proposed use, activity, or development will likely result 27 in an increased demand for public access to the shoreline.

28 (c) The proposed use, activity, or development is not a water-oriented or other 29 preferred shoreline use, activity, or development under the SMA such as a 30 non-water-oriented commercial or recreational use.

31 (d) The proposed use, activity, or development may block or discourage 32 normal public use, including, but not limited to, the use of customary and 33 established public access paths, walkways, trails, public transportation 34 rights-of-way for roads and highways, or corridors.

35 (e) The proposed use, activity, or development will interfere with the public 36 use, activity, and enjoyment of shoreline areas or waterbodies subject to 37 the public trust doctrine.

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1 (f) The proposed use, activity, or development includes key areas for public 2 access recommended in the Restoration Plan.

3 (g) The proposed activity is a publicly financed shoreline erosion-control 4 measure that can accommodate public access without sacrificing 5 long-term performance of the control measure and public safety.

6 (3) An applicant shall not be required to provide public access where one or more 7 of the following conditions apply, provided such exceptions shall not be used to 8 prevent implementing the access and trail provisions specified in the SE WA 9 Coalition members’ and other agencies’ management plans. In evaluating the 10 feasibility, desirability, or compatibility of public access in a given situation, the 11 Shoreline Administrator shall consider alternative methods for providing public 12 access. These may include adjacent off-site improvements, viewing platforms 13 that do not impact shoreline ecological functions or natural character, separating 14 uses through site planning and design, and restricting hours of public access:

15 (a) Single-family residential development that does not reduce visual access 16 to the shoreline from public rights-of-way, including roads and highways 17 and when individual single-family residences are not part of a 18 development planned for more than four parcels.

19 (b) Proposed use is agricultural/ranching activities.

20 (c) Proposed use is within an area where public visual or physical access is 21 not present, or is not proposed in the Public Access Plan, and where the 22 use will not increase demand for public access, or reduce public access.

23 (d) The nature of the use, activity, or development or the characteristics of the 24 site make public access requirements inappropriate due to health, safety 25 (including consistency with Crime Prevention Through Environmental 26 Design [CPTED] principles, where applicable), or environmental hazards. 27 The proponent shall carry the burden of demonstrating by substantial 28 evidence the existence of unavoidable or unmitigable threats or hazards to 29 public health, safety, or the environment, that would be created or 30 exacerbated by public access upon the site.

31 (e) An existing, new, or expanded road or utility crossing through shoreline 32 jurisdiction shall not create the need for public access if the development 33 being accessed or served by the road or utility is located outside of 34 shoreline jurisdiction.

35 (f) Safe and convenient public access already exists on the same reach of the 36 stream or river in the immediate vicinity, and agencies’ plans show 37 adequate public access at the property.

38 (g) Public access has reasonable potential to threaten or harm the natural 39 functions and native characteristics of the shoreline and/or is deemed

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1 detrimental to threatened or endangered species under the Endangered 2 Species Act.

3 (h) The site is within or part of an overall development, a binding site plan, or 4 a planned unit development, which has previously provided public access 5 adequate to serve the project in full build-out through other application 6 processes.

7 (4) Public access shall be located and designed to respect private property rights, be 8 compatible with the shoreline environment, protect ecological functions and 9 processes, protect aesthetic values of shoreline, and provide for public safety 10 (including consistency with CPTED principles, where applicable).

11 (5) For any development where public access is not required, shared community 12 access may be allowed if there is no existing or planned public access along the 13 shoreline identified in the Coalition’s Public Access Plan and other agency 14 plans. Where provided, community access shall be subject to all applicable 15 development standards of this section. Shared community access is not required 16 when any of the conditions under Section XX.XX.260 (3) applies.

17 (6) General Performance Standards

18 (a) Uses, activities, and developments shall not interfere with the regular and 19 established public use.

20 (b) Shoreline substantial development or conditional uses shall avoid or 21 minimize the impact on views of shoreline waterbodies from public land 22 or substantial numbers of residences.

23 (c) Proponents shall include within their shoreline applications an evaluation 24 of a proposed use, activity, or development’s likely adverse impact on 25 current public access and future demands for access to the site. Such 26 evaluation shall consider potential alternatives and mitigation measures to 27 further the policies of this SMP and the provisions of this section.

28 (d) Public access facilities shall accommodate persons with disabilities, unless 29 determined physically or logistically infeasible by the Shoreline 30 Administrator.

31 (7) Trails

32 (a) Existing improved and primitive public trails shall be maintained.

33 (b) Where public access is to be provided by dedication of public access 34 easements along the OHWM, the minimum width of such easements shall 35 be 20 feet.

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1 (c) The total width of trails in High Intensity shoreline environments, 2 including shoulders, shall be 10 feet maximum, or as required by 3 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) regulations.

4 (d) Pervious pavings are encouraged for all trails.

5 (e) Trails should make use of an existing constructed grade such as those 6 formed by an abandoned rail grade, road, or utility when feasible.

7 (f) Trails shall be located, constructed, and maintained so as to avoid removal 8 and other impacts to perennial native vegetation.

9 (g) Trails on private properties and not open for public use shall be no more 10 than 4 feet wide and shall meet applicable setbacks from the OHWM.

11 (8) Rights-of-way, Easements, and Streets for Public Access:

12 (a) The Coalition shall maintain public rights-of-way or easements as a means 13 of retaining public access on the shoreline. Proposed uses, activities, or 14 developments shall maintain public access provided by public street ends, 15 public utilities, and rights-of-way.

16 (b) The public easements required pursuant to this section, for the purpose of 17 providing access across or through the site to the OHWM, shall be 18 maintained by the property owner to provide for reasonable and safe 19 public access to the OHWM.

20 (9) Where public access routes terminate, connections should be made with the 21 nearest public street. Public access facilities required for an approved or 22 permitted use, activity, or development shall be completed prior to occupancy 23 and use of the site or operation of the activity. Public access shall make 24 adequate provisions, such as screening, buffer strips, fences, and signs, to 25 prevent trespass upon adjacent properties and to protect the value and 26 enjoyment of adjacent or nearby private properties and natural areas.

27 (10) Off-site public access may be permitted by the Shoreline Administrator where it 28 results in an equal or greater public benefit than on-site public access, or when 29 on-site limitations of security, environment, compatibility, or feasibility are 30 present. Off-site public access may include, but is not limited to, adequate 31 access on public lands adjacent to the site, opportunity to increase public lands 32 and access with adjoining or proximate public area, enhancing a designated 33 public property (e.g., existing public recreation site, existing public access, or 34 road abutting a body of water) in accordance with SMP standards, the Public 35 Access Plan, or other related measures.

36 (11) Signage

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1 (a) Signage to be approved by the Shoreline Administrator shall be 2 conspicuously installed along public access easements, trails, walkways, 3 corridors, and other facilities to indicate the public’s right of use and the 4 hours of operation. Public access and interpretive displays may be 5 provided for publicly funded restoration projects where significant 6 ecological impacts are addressed. The proponent shall bear the 7 responsibility for establishing and maintaining signs.

8 (b) The Shoreline Administrator may require the proponent to post signage 9 restricting or controlling the public’s access to specific shoreline areas. 10 The proponent shall bear the responsibility for establishing and 11 maintaining such signage.

12 (c) All signs shall be located and designed to minimize interference vistas, 13 viewpoints, and visual access to shoreline.

14 (d) Over-water signs should be related to water-dependent uses only and shall 15 be on floats, piles, or part of the water-dependent use.

16 XX.XX.270 Flood Hazard Reduction

17 (1) Development in floodplains shall avoid significantly or cumulatively increasing 18 flood hazards. Development shall be consistent with this SMP, as well as 19 applicable guidelines of FEMA and Section XX.XX.540, Frequently Flooded 20 Areas, and local Flood Damage Prevention ordinances.

21 (2) The CMZ is considered to be that area of the SE WA Region floodplains, across 22 which the streams and rivers may naturally migrate over time as a result of 23 normal and naturally occurring processes. These CMZs have been generally 24 mapped consistent with WAC 173-26-221(3)(b). Applicants for shoreline 25 development or modification may submit a site-specific CMZ study if they 26 believe these conditions do not exist on the subject property and the map is in 27 error. The CMZ study must be prepared consistent with 28 WAC 173-26-221(3)(b). The CMZ study may include historical aerial 29 photographs, topographic mapping, flooding records, and field verification. The 30 CMZ must be prepared by a licensed fluvial geomorphologist with at least 31 5 years of applied experience in assessing fluvial geomorphic processes and 32 channel response.

33 (3) The following uses and activities may be authorized within the CMZ:

34 (a) New development or redevelopment landward of existing legal, publicly 35 owned, and maintained structures, such as levees, that prevent active 36 channel movement and flooding.

37 (b) Development of new or expansion or redevelopment of existing bridges, 38 utility lines, public stormwater facilities and outfalls, and other public 39 utility and transportation structures where no other alternative exists.

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1 Where such structures are allowed, mitigation shall address impacted 2 native plant communities and ecological functions and processes in the 3 affected shoreline.

4 (c) New or redeveloped measures to reduce shoreline erosion, provided that:

5 (i) It is demonstrated by a licensed engineer, with at least 5 years 6 applied experience, that the erosion rate exceeds that which would 7 normally occur in a natural condition.

8 (ii) That the measures do not interfere with fluvial hydrological and 9 geo-morphological processes normally acting in natural conditions 10 and the measures include appropriate mitigation of adverse impacts 11 on ecological functions associated with the river or stream.

12 (d) Actions that protect or restore the ecosystem-wide processes or ecological 13 functions or development with a primary purpose of protecting or 14 restoring ecological functions and ecosystem-wide processes.

15 (e) Modifications or additions to an existing non-agricultural legal use, 16 provided that channel migration is not further limited and the modified or 17 expanded development includes appropriate protection of ecological 18 functions.

19 (f) Repair and maintenance of existing legally established use and 20 developments, provided that channel migration is not further limited, flood 21 hazards to other uses are not increased, and significant adverse ecological 22 impacts are avoided.

23 (g) Existing and ongoing agricultural activities, provided that no new 24 restrictions to channel movement are proposed.

25 (h) Forest practices, provided that activities are in compliance with 26 XX.XX.380, Forest Practices, the Washington State Forest Practices Act 27 and it implementing rules, and this SMP.

28 (4) Existing structural flood hazard reduction measures, such as levees, may be 29 repaired and maintained as necessary to protect legal uses on the landward side 30 of such structures. Increases in height of an existing levee, with any associated 31 increase in width, that may be needed to prevent a reduction in the authorized 32 level of protection of existing legal structures and uses shall be considered an 33 element of repair and maintenance.

34 (5) New flood hazard reduction measures shall not result in channelization of 35 normal stream flows, interfere with natural hydraulic processes, such as channel 36 migration, or undermine existing structures or downstream banks.

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1 (6) New development and subdivisions. Approve new development or subdivisions 2 when it can be technically determined by a qualified expert(s) in fluvial 3 geomorphology that the development or use would not require structural flood 4 hazard reduction measures within the CMZ or floodway during the life of the 5 development or use consistent with the following (WAC 173-26-221(3)(c)(i)):

6 (a) Floodway

7 (i) New development and subdivisions shall be subject to applicable 8 floodway regulations in Section XX.XX.540, Frequently Flooded 9 Areas.

10 (b) Channel Migration Zone

11 (i) New development in the CMZ is allowed subject to the following 12 conditions:

13 (A) Structures are located on an existing legal lot created prior 14 to the effective date of this SMP.

15 (B) A feasible alternative location outside of the CMZ is not 16 available on site.

17 (C) To the extent feasible, the structure and supporting 18 infrastructure is located the farthest distance from the 19 OHWM, unless the applicant can demonstrate that an 20 alternative location is the least subject to risk.

21 (ii) New subdivisions in the CMZ may be allowed subject to the 22 following conditions:

23 (A) All lots contain 5,000 square feet or more of buildable land 24 outside of the CMZ.

25 (B) Access to all lots does not cross the CMZ.

26 (C) All infrastructure is located outside the CMZ, except that 27 an on-site wastewater treatment system is allowed in the 28 CMZ if a feasible alternative location is not available 29 on-site, and the wastewater treatment system is located the 30 farthest distance from the OHWM.

31 (D) Alternative on-site wastewater treatment systems, including 32 composting toilets and greywater systems, shall be 33 recognized acceptable alternatives to conventional septic 34 tanks and drainfields, so long as they are properly designed, 35 constructed, and installed by qualified professionals.

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1 (7) New public and private structural flood hazard reduction measures shall be 2 approved when a scientific and engineering analysis demonstrates the 3 following:

4 (a) They are necessary to protect existing development.

5 (b) Non-structural measures such as setbacks, land-use controls, wetland 6 restoration, dike removal, structure removal or relocation, biotechnical 7 measures, and stormwater management programs are not possible.

8 (c) Adverse impacts on ecological functions and priority species and habitats 9 can be successfully mitigated so as to ensure no net loss.

10 (d) Appropriate vegetation conservation actions are undertaken consistent 11 with Section XX.XX.240, Shoreline Vegetation Conservation.

12 (8) Flood hazard reduction measures shall be placed landward of associated 13 wetlands and designated shoreline buffers, except for actions that increase 14 ecological functions, such as wetland restoration, or when no other alternative 15 location to reduce flood hazard to existing development is feasible as 16 determined by the Shoreline Administrator.

17 (9) New public structural flood hazard reduction measures, such as levees, shall 18 dedicate and improve public access pathways.

19 (10) In those instances where management of vegetation as required by this SMP 20 conflicts with vegetation provisions included in state, federal, or other flood 21 hazard agency documents governing locally-authorized, legal flood hazard 22 reduction measures, the vegetation requirements of this SMP will not apply. 23 However, the applicant shall submit documentation of these conflicting 24 provisions with any shoreline permit applications and shall comply with all 25 other provisions of this section and this SMP that are not strictly prohibited by 26 the approving flood hazard agency.

27 (11) The removal of gravel or other riverbed material for flood management 28 purposes shall be consistent with the Section XX.XX.350, Dredging and Dredge 29 Material Disposal, and Section XX.XX.410, Mining, and be allowed only after 30 a biological and geomorphological study shows that extraction has a long-term 31 benefit to flood hazard reduction and does not result in a net loss of ecological 32 functions.

33 (12) Roads shall be located outside the floodway, except necessary crossings, which 34 shall be placed perpendicular to the waterbody as much as is physically feasible. 35 New transportation facilities shall be designed so that the effective base flood 36 storage volume of the floodplain is not reduced. The applicant shall provide all 37 necessary studies, reports, and engineering analysis, which shall be subject to 38 review and modification by the Shoreline Administrator. If proposed

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1 transportation facilities effectively provide flood control, they shall comply with 2 policies and regulations of this section.

3

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1 Article IV. Shoreline Modifications and Use Regulations

2 XX.XX.300 Agriculture

3 (1) The SMP shall not require modification of or limit agricultural activities 4 occurring on agricultural lands consistent with RCW 90.58.065.

5 (2) For shoreline areas used for agriculture, new uses, activities, and development 6 that are not existing and ongoing, agriculture shall be subject to the following 7 requirements:

8 (a) Such uses, activities, and development shall be allowed or permitted in a 9 manner to ensure maintenance of ecological functions and be consistent 10 with local land-use plans.

11 (b) If the new use, activity, or development is more intensive than the existing 12 land use, no significant vegetation removal, development, or grading shall 13 occur in the shoreline buffer without associated mitigation, except as 14 necessary to accommodate low-intensity, water-dependent uses, and 15 public access that sustains ecological functions.

16 (c) New agricultural lands created by diking, draining, or filling wetlands or 17 CMZs shall not be allowed.

18 (3) A Substantial Development Permit shall be required for all agricultural 19 developments not specifically exempted by the provisions of 20 Section XX.XX.770 (4)(e), except for agricultural developments in Shoreline 21 Residential Environment Designation where a Shoreline Conditional Use Permit 22 shall be required.

23 (4) SMP provisions shall apply in the following cases:

24 (a) New agricultural activities on land not meeting the definition of 25 agricultural land

26 (b) Expansion of agricultural activities on non-agricultural lands

27 (c) Conversion of agricultural lands to other uses

28 (d) Other development on agricultural land that does not meet the definition 29 of agricultural activities

30 (e) Agricultural development and uses not specifically exempted by the SMA

31 (5) New non-agricultural activities proposed on agricultural lands shall be 32 consistent with the environment designation and the Shoreline Use and 33 Modification Matrix table (Section XX.XX.200 (3)), as well as other applicable

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1 shoreline use standards (e.g., commercial, Section XX.XX.340, or residential, 2 Section XX.XX.440).

3 (6) Agricultural uses and development in support of agricultural uses shall be 4 located and designed to ensure no net loss of ecological functions and no 5 significant adverse impact on other shoreline resources and values.

6 (7) New feedlots are prohibited in critical area buffers. Feed lots shall be located in 7 such a manner as to prevent waste runoff from entering waterbodies or 8 groundwater.

9 (8) Agricultural uses and activities shall prevent and control erosion of soils and 10 bank materials within shoreline areas. They shall minimize siltation, turbidity, 11 pollution, and other environmental degradation of watercourses and wetlands.

12 (9) Agricultural chemicals shall be applied in a manner consistent with BMPs for 13 agriculture and Section XX.XX.250 (5).

14 (10) When developing new agricultural uses, existing native vegetation, and existing 15 non-native vegetation that is not invasive or noxious as defined by the Weed 16 Boards in each of the Coalition’s jurisdictions, shall not be disturbed or 17 removed within the riparian and wetland buffers established in this SMP. 18 Agricultural development and activities shall conform to applicable state and 19 federal policies and regulations.

20 XX.XX.310 Aquaculture

21 (1) Aquaculture for non-native species or for commercial or other purposes shall 22 require a Shoreline Conditional Use Permit.

23 (2) Proponents of an aquaculture use or activity shall supply, at a minimum, the 24 following information in their application for shoreline permit(s):

25 (a) Species to be reared

26 (b) Aquaculture method(s)

27 (c) Anticipated use of any feeds, pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics, vaccines, 28 growth stimulants, anti-fouling agents or other chemicals, and their 29 predicted adverse impacts

30 (d) Harvest and processing method and timing

31 (e) Method of waste management and disposal

32 (f) Best available background information and probable adverse impacts on 33 water quality, biota, and any existing shoreline or water uses

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1 (g) Method(s) of predator control

2 (h) A description of the proposed use of lights and noise-generating 3 equipment and an assessment of adverse impacts upon surrounding uses

4 (i) Other pertinent information as required by the Shoreline Administrator

5 (3) Aquacultural activities shall meet all applicable federal, state, and county 6 standards and regulations.

7 (4) No garbage, wastes, or debris shall be allowed to accumulate upon the site of 8 any aquaculture use or activity, nor discharged to any waterbody regulated by 9 this SMP.

10 (5) No pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics, vaccines, growth stimulants, anti-fouling 11 agents, or other chemicals shall be used until approved by all appropriate state 12 and federal agencies. Those agencies shall include the WDFW, Washington 13 State Department of Agriculture, Ecology, and the U.S. Food and Drug 14 Administration. Evidence of such approval shall be submitted to the 15 Shoreline Administrator.

16 (6) Aquaculture structures and equipment that come in contact with the water shall 17 contain no substances that are toxic to aquatic life, and aquaculture activities 18 that would degrade water quality shall be prohibited.

19 (7) Aquaculture activities shall be subject to conditions and requirements for 20 mitigation to ensure they do not result in a net loss of ecological function.

21 (8) Aquaculture projects shall be located in areas that do not impact navigation, 22 public access, or normal public use of the water.

23 (9) Aquaculture facilities shall be designed to minimize nuisance, odors, and noise, 24 as well as minimize visual impacts on surrounding shoreline development.

25 XX.XX.320 Boating Facilities

26 (1) General Requirements

27 (a) All boating uses, development, and facilities shall protect the rights of 28 navigation.

29 (b) Boating facilities shall be sited and designed to ensure no net loss of 30 shoreline ecological functions and shall meet DNR and USACE 31 requirements and other state guidance if located in or over state-owned 32 aquatic lands.

33 (c) Boating facilities shall be located on stable shorelines in areas where:

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1 (i) Such facilities will not adversely affect flood channel capacity or 2 otherwise create a flood hazard

3 (ii) Water depths are adequate to minimize spoil disposal, filling, 4 beach enhancement, and other channel maintenance activities

5 (iii) Water depths are adequate to prevent the structure from grounding 6 out at the lowest low water, or else stoppers are installed to prevent 7 grounding out

8 (d) Boating facilities shall not be located where new dredging will be required

9 (e) Boating uses and facilities shall be located far enough from public 10 swimming beaches and aquaculture harvest areas to alleviate any aesthetic 11 or adverse impacts, safety concerns, and potential use conflicts.

12 (f) In-water work shall be scheduled to protect biological productivity, 13 including, but not limited to, fish runs, spawning, and benthic 14 productivity.

15 (g) Accessory uses at boating facilities shall be:

16 (i) Limited to water-oriented uses, including uses that provide 17 physical or visual shoreline access for substantial numbers of the 18 general public

19 (ii) Located as far landward as possible, while still serving their 20 intended purposes.

21 (h) Parking and storage areas shall be landscaped or screened to provide 22 visual and noise buffering between adjacent dissimilar uses or scenic 23 areas, along with meeting other requirements provided in 24 Section XX.XXX.470.

25 (i) Boating facilities shall locate where access roads are adequate to handle 26 the traffic generated by the facility and shall be designed so that lawfully 27 existing or planned public shoreline access is not unnecessarily blocked, 28 obstructed, nor made dangerous.

29 (j) Joint-use moorage with ten or more berths is regulated under this section 30 as a marina (See (5) below).

31 (k) All marinas and public launch facilities shall provide at least portable 32 restroom facilities for boaters’ use that are clean, well-lit, safe, and 33 convenient for public use.

34 (l) Installation of boat waste disposal facilities, such as pump-outs and 35 portable dump stations, shall be required at all marinas. The locations of

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1 such facilities shall be considered on an individual basis in consultation 2 with the Washington State Department of Health, Ecology, DNR, 3 Washington State Parks, and WDFW, as necessary.

4 (m) All utilities shall be placed at or below dock levels or below ground, as 5 appropriate.

6 (n) When appropriate, marinas and boat launch facilities shall install public 7 safety signs, to include the locations of fueling facilities, pump-out 8 facilities, and locations for proper waste disposal.

9 (o) Boating facilities shall be constructed of materials that will not adversely 10 affect water quality or aquatic plants and animals over the long term. 11 Materials used for submerged portions, decking, and other components 12 that may come in contact with water shall be approved by applicable state 13 agencies for use in water to avoid discharge of pollutants from wave 14 splash, rain, or runoff. Wood treated with creosote, copper chromium, 15 arsenic, pentachlorophenol, or other similarly toxic materials is prohibited 16 for use in moorage facilities.

17 (p) Boating facilities in waters providing a public drinking water supply shall 18 be constructed of untreated materials such as untreated wood, approved 19 plastic composites, concrete, or steel (see Section XX.XX.250, Water 20 Quality, Stormwater, and Nonpoint Pollution).

21 (q) Vessels shall be restricted from extended mooring on waters of the state 22 except as allowed by state regulations and provided that a lease or 23 permission is obtained from the Washington State Department of Natural 24 Resources and impacts to navigation and public access are mitigated.

25 (r) Live-aboard vessels, including houseboats, shall be permitted only in 26 marinas (See (5) below). Live-aboard vessels in other environment 27 designations may be allowed through an approved conditional use permit 28 as provided in Table XX.XX.200 (3). Impacts from live-aboard vessels 29 must be substantially avoided, minimized, or mitigated.

30 (2) Public Piers and Docks

31 (a) Public piers and docks shall only be allowed for water-dependent uses and 32 public access under the following criteria:

33 (i) Public’s need for such a structure is clearly demonstrated;

34 (ii) The project including any required mitigation, will result in no net 35 loss of ecological functions associated with critical saltwater 36 habitat;

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1 (iii) The project is consistent with the state’s interest in resource 2 protection and species recovery; and

3 (iv) Moorage at public docks is limited to recreational purposes and 4 shall not extend more than one 24-hour period. Public docks may 5 not be used for commercial or residential moorage.

6 (b) Pier and dock dimensions and grating.

7 (i) The maximum waterward intrusion of any portion of any pier or 8 dock shall not extend further waterward than the average length of 9 the piers or docks on lots abutting the location of the new dock as 10 measured perpendicularly from the ordinary high water mark 11 unless an alternative dimension is required in order to prevent 12 impacts to critical areas. In no circumstances shall the maximum 13 waterward intrusion of any portion of any pier or dock extend 14 more than 36 feet from the ordinary high water mark, or the point 15 where the water depth is eight feet below the elevation of the 16 ordinary high water mark, whichever is reached first.

17 (ii) In order to minimize impacts on nearshore areas and avoid 18 reduction in ambient light level:

19 (A) The width of piers, docks, and floats shall be the minimum 20 necessary.

21 (B) Public piers and docks shall not exceed eight (8) feet in 22 width.

23 (C) Floats shall not exceed eight (8) feet in width and 20 feet in 24 length unless authorized by a variance.

25 (D) Dock surfaces designed to allow maximum light 26 penetration shall be used on walkways or gangplanks in 27 nearshore areas.

28 (E) The surface of new piers, docks and floats shall provide at 29 least 50% functional grating.

30 (iii) Waterward of the ordinary high water mark, pier and dock height 31 may not exceed a height of five (5) feet above water level, except 32 that public piers may exceed the height limit an additional three (3) 33 feet, and except pilings may extend a reasonable amount above 34 dock height to provide for fluctuating water level conditions.

35 (c) Prohibited substances. No part of a pier, dock or other components that 36 may come in contact with the water may be treated with or consist, in 37 whole or in part, of creosote, oil based paints, toxic chemicals, or other

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1 substances that would be harmful to the aquatic environment, unless 2 specifically permitted and authorized by appropriate state and federal 3 regulatory agencies.

4 (3) Public Boat Launch Facilities

5 (a) Public boat launch facilities may be allowed in areas consistent with the 6 SE Washington SMP Update Public Access Plan.

7 (b) Public boat launch and haul-out facilities, such as ramps, marine travel 8 lifts and marine railways, and minor accessory buildings, shall be designed 9 and constructed in a manner that minimizes adverse impacts on fluvial 10 processes, biological functions, aquatic and riparian habitats, water 11 quality, navigation, and neighboring uses.

12 (c) Public boat launch facilities shall be designed and constructed using 13 methods/technology that have been recognized and approved by state and 14 federal resource agencies as the best currently available.

15 (4) Private Boat Launch Facilities:

16 (a) Allowed only with a Substantial Development Permit and restricted to the 17 Snake River upstream of Asotin and along the Grande Ronde River. All 18 private boat launches shall comply with applicable federal and state 19 agency standards and requirements, such as WDFW, USACE, National 20 Marine Fisheries Service, and others.

21 (b) Boat launch facilities shall be designed by a qualified professional and 22 constructed:

23 (i) In a manner that minimizes adverse impacts on fluvial processes, 24 biological functions, aquatic and riparian habitats, water quality, 25 navigation, and neighboring uses.

26 (ii) In a manner that public use and access to beaches is not blocked or 27 made unsafe, and so public use of the surface waters is not unduly 28 impaired.

29 (iii) Using methods/technology that have been recognized and 30 approved by state and federal resource agencies as the best 31 currently available.

32 (c) No more than one private boat launch facility or structure shall be 33 permitted on a single residential parcel or lot.

34 (d) New private boat launches or existing private boat launch upgrades shall 35 demonstrate, in plans prepared by a qualified professional, that:

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1 (i) Water depths are adequate to avoid the need for dredging during 2 construction or maintenance dredging, and eliminate or minimize 3 potential loss of shoreline ecological functions or other shoreline 4 resources.

5 (ii) The site is geomorphically stable, and not along a braided or 6 meandering channel, where the channel is subject to change, or on 7 point bars or accretion beaches

8 (iii) Mitigation procedures have been applied consistent with 9 Section XX.XX.230

10 (iv) The boat ramp or access roadway shall in no instance exceed 11 12 feet in width.

12 (v) Any turnaround or parking facilities must be located outside of the 13 riparian buffer as provided in Section XX.XX.210, except for a 14 tee-type turnaround with minimal dimensions that is a minimum of 15 30 feet from the OHWM, has an impervious surface, requires 16 minimal grading, and will avoid impacts to water quality.

17 (vi) Stormwater management measures are required to prevent direct 18 discharge of stormwater to the river during construction and for the 19 duration and use of the boat launch.

20 (vii) An approved road access permit must be acquired from the county 21 unless already served by an existing legally approved access 22 approach.

23 (viii) The total area of impervious surface for the boat launch 24 development (including parking, access drive, and launch) shall 25 not exceed 400 square feet.

26 (ix) The total area of woody vegetation removal for the boat launch 27 development (including parking, access drive, and launch) shall 28 not exceed a corridor width of 15 feet and will require on-site 29 mitigation, consistent with Sections XX.XX.230 and 240.

30 (5) Marinas

31 (a) Marinas shall be designed to meet all of the following requirements:

32 (i) Provide flushing of all enclosed water areas

33 (ii) Allow the free movement of aquatic life in shallow water areas

34 (iii) Avoid and minimize any interference with geohydraulic processes 35 and disruption of existing shore forms.

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1 (b) Open pile or floating breakwater designs shall be used unless it can be 2 demonstrated that riprap or other solid construction would not result in 3 any greater net impacts to shoreline ecological functions, processes, fish 4 passage, or shoreline features.

5 (c) Wet-moorage marinas shall locate a safe distance from domestic sewage 6 or industrial waste outfalls.

7 (d) To the maximum extent possible, marinas and accessory uses, including 8 occupants of live-aboard vessels, shall share parking facilities.

9 (e) New marina development shall provide public access amenities such as 10 viewpoints, interpretive displays, and public access to accessory 11 water-enjoyment uses (e.g., restaurants).

12 (f) If a marina is to include gas- or oil-handling facilities, such facilities shall 13 be separate from main centers of activity in order to minimize the fire and 14 water pollution hazards and to facilitate fire and pollution control. 15 Marinas shall have adequate facilities and procedures for fuel handling 16 and storage, and the containment, recovery, and mitigation of spilled 17 petroleum, sewage, other potentially harmful or hazardous materials, and 18 toxic products.

19 (g) The marina operator shall be responsible for the collection and dumping of 20 sewage, solid waste, and petroleum waste.

21 (h) Live-aboard vessels, including houseboats, shall be permitted in marinas. 22 No more than 15% of the surface area of a marina or 15% of its slips, 23 whichever is less, shall be devoted to live-aboard vessels, including 24 houseboats, except that the percentage of live-aboard vessels in marinas 25 may be increased as an approved conditional use. Live-aboard vessels 26 must comply with all marine regulations, policies, and procedures of the 27 Coast Guard, federal and state governments which pertain to health, 28 safety, and/or environmental protection.

29 (6) Multi-family residences, hotels, motels, and other commercial developments 30 proposing to provide moorage facilities shall meet the criteria for a marina. Use 31 of the moorage must be open to the general public on the same basis as residents 32 or occupants and shall provide public access. If approved, no more than one 33 joint-use moorage facility may be provided for a parcel or development.

34 (7) Applications for docks or piers serving single commercial or industrial 35 enterprises shall demonstrate that:

36 (a) The facility serves a water-dependent use.

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1 (b) The facility is the minimum size required to serve the proposed use, 2 provided that provisions for expansion or future joint use may be 3 provided.

4 (c) The facility minimizes impacts to the extent feasible. Where impacts are 5 unavoidable, the facility mitigates impacts to navigation; aquatic habitat; 6 upland habitat; public access to the water for recreation, fishing and 7 similar use; and public access to publicly accessible lands below the 8 OHWM.

9 (8) Commercial or industrial moorage facilities shall demonstrate that:

10 (a) The dock or pier shall be the minimum length required to serve the use.

11 (b) Access from the shoreline to piers or floats shall minimize water cover in 12 order to minimize impacts to shallow water habitat.

13 (c) Piers and ramps shall be elevated to provide the maximum feasible light 14 penetration.

15 (d) Grating or clear translucent material shall be used to the maximum extent 16 feasible to provide light penetration.

17 (e) Floats shall be constructed and attached so that they do not ground out on 18 the substrate.

19 (f) Pile spacing shall be the maximum feasible to minimize shading and avoid 20 a “wall” effect that would block or baffle wave patterns, currents, littoral 21 drift, or movement of aquatic lifeforms or result in structure damage from 22 driftwood impact or entrapment.

23 (g) Pile diameter shall be minimized while meeting structural requirements.

24 (h) Covered structures may be permitted only to serve a water-dependent use 25 where it is demonstrated that adequate upland sites are not feasible, and it 26 is demonstrated that the area covered is the minimum necessary to serve 27 the use.

28 XX.XX.330 Breakwater, Jetties, Groins, and Weirs

29 (1) Breakwaters shall be allowed in environments defined in 30 Section XX.XX.200 (3), Shoreline Use and Modification Matrix, with a 31 Shoreline Substantial Development Permit.

32 (2) New, expanded, or replacement groins and weirs shall only be permitted if the 33 applicant demonstrates that the proposed groin or weir will not result in a net 34 loss of shoreline ecological functions and the structure is necessary for

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1 water-dependent uses, public access, shoreline stabilization, or other specific 2 public purposes.

3 (3) Groins and weirs shall require a Substantial Development Permit and shall only 4 be approved when no other stream restoration or shoreline stabilization design 5 approach, employed singly or in combination, is technically possible for the 6 affected reach.

7 (4) Groins and weirs shall be located, designed, constructed, and operated 8 consistent with mitigation sequencing principles, including avoiding critical 9 areas, as provided in Section XX.XX.230, Environmental Protection.

10 XX.XX.340 Commercial Development

11 (1) Water-dependent commercial development shall be given priority over 12 non-water-dependent commercial uses within shoreline environments. 13 Secondarily, water-related and water-oriented uses shall be given priority over 14 non-water-oriented commercial uses.

15 (2) Non-water-oriented commercial uses shall be allowed if they can demonstrate at 16 least one or more of the following:

17 (a) The commercial use is part of a mixed-use project that includes 18 water-dependent uses and provides a significant public benefit with 19 respect to the objectives of the SMA.

20 (b) The commercial use is physically separated from the shoreline by another 21 property, public right-of-way, or levee.

22 (c) The commercial use is farther upland than 200 feet from the OHWM; 23 therefore, a water-oriented use is not a viable option.

24 (3) Non-water-oriented uses, including, but not limited to, residential uses, may be 25 located with water-oriented commercial uses, provided:

26 (a) The mixed-use project includes one or more water-dependent uses.

27 (b) Water-dependent commercial uses, as well as other water-oriented 28 commercial uses, have preferential locations along the shoreline.

29 (c) The underlying zoning district permits residential uses together with 30 commercial uses.

31 (d) Navigability is severely limited at the proposed site.

32 (e) Public access is provided and/or ecological restoration is provided as a 33 public benefit.

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1 (4) Review Criteria. The Shoreline Administrator shall use the following 2 information in its review of all commercial development applications:

3 (a) Whether there is a water-oriented aspect of the proposed commercial use 4 or activity when it is located within 200 feet of the OHWM

5 (b) Whether the proposed commercial use is consistent with the Shoreline Use 6 and Modification Matrix (Section XX.XX.200 (3))

7 (c) Whether the application has the ability to enhance compatibility with the 8 shoreline environment and adjacent uses

9 (d) Whether adequate provisions are made for public and private visual and 10 physical shoreline access

11 (e) Whether the application makes adequate provisions to prevent adverse 12 environmental impacts and provide for shoreline ecological or critical area 13 mitigation, where appropriate

14 (5) Commercial development shall be designed and maintained in a manner 15 compatible with the character and features of surrounding areas. Developments 16 shall incorporate low-impact development techniques into new developments. 17 Architectural and landscape elements shall be employed that recognize the river 18 and lake environments. The Shoreline Administrator may prescribe and modify 19 project dimensions, screening standards, setbacks, or operation intensities to 20 achieve this purpose.

21 (6) Restaurants and lodging facilities shall be oriented to provide views to the 22 waterfront, when such view is available from the site.

23 (7) Commercial uses shall provide for public access as a condition of approval, 24 unless such public access is demonstrated by the proponent to be infeasible or 25 inappropriate for the shoreline pursuant to Section XX.XX.260, Public Access.

26 (8) Commercial uses shall provide for suitable measures to rehabilitate and enhance 27 the shoreline ecology as a condition of approval.

28 (9) Non-water-oriented commercial uses shall not be allowed over water in any 29 shoreline environment.

30 (10) All commercial loading and service areas shall be located upland or away from 31 the shoreline. Provisions shall be made to screen such areas with walls, fences, 32 and landscaping and to minimize aesthetic impacts.

33 (11) The storage of potentially hazardous or dangerous substances or wastes is 34 prohibited in the floodway or within 200 feet of the OHWM, whichever 35 boundary extends farthest landward.

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1 (12) Development shall be located, designed, and constructed in a manner that 2 ensures no net loss of shoreline ecological functions and has no adverse impacts 3 on other preferred land uses and public access features.

4 (13) Water-enjoyment and water-related commercial uses are required to provide 5 public access and ecological restoration where feasible and avoid impacts to 6 existing navigation, recreation, and public access.

7 XX.XX.350 Dredging and Dredge Material Disposal

8 (1) Dredging

9 (a) New dredging shall be permitted only where it is demonstrated that the 10 proposed water-dependent or water-related uses will not result in ongoing 11 adverse impacts to water quality, shoreline ecological functions, Fish and 12 Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas and other critical areas, flood holding 13 capacity, natural fluvial processes, drainage and water circulation patterns, 14 significant plant communities, prime agricultural land, and public access 15 to shorelines. When such impacts are unavoidable, they shall be 16 minimized and mitigated such that they result in no net loss of shoreline 17 ecological functions.

18 (b) Dredging and dredge disposal shall be prohibited on or in archaeological 19 sites that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the 20 Washington Heritage Register until such time that they have been 21 reviewed and approved by the appropriate agency.

22 (c) Dredging techniques that cause minimum dispersal and broadcast of 23 bottom material shall be used, and only the amount of dredging necessary 24 shall be permitted.

25 (d) Dredging shall be permitted only:

26 (i) To establish, expand, relocate or reconfigure navigation channels 27 where needed to accommodate existing navigational uses and then 28 only when significant ecological impacts are minimized and when 29 mitigation is provided.

30 (ii) In conjunction with a water-dependent use of waterbodies or 31 adjacent shoreline areas

32 (iii) As part of an approved stream or river rehabilitation or habitat 33 improvement project

34 (iv) In conjunction with a bridge, navigational structure, or wastewater 35 treatment facility for which there is a documented public need and 36 where other feasible sites or routes do not exist

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1 (v) Maintenance dredging of established navigation channels and 2 basins restricted to maintaining previously dredged and/or existing 3 authorized location, depth, and width.

4 (e) Dredging for fill is prohibited except where the material is necessary for 5 restoration of shoreline ecological functions.

6 (f) New development siting and design avoids the need for new and 7 maintenance dredging.

8 (g)

9 (2) Dredge Material Disposal

10 (a) Upland dredge material disposal within shoreline jurisdiction is 11 prohibited, except under the following circumstances and conditions:

12 (i) Shoreline ecological functions and processes will be preserved, 13 restored, or enhanced, including protecting surface, hyporheic, and 14 groundwater.

15 (ii) Erosion, sedimentation, floodwaters, or runoff will not increase 16 adverse impacts on shoreline ecological functions and processes or 17 property.

18 (iii) The site will ultimately be suitable for a use allowed by this SMP.

19 (b) Dredge material disposal shall not occur in wetlands nor within a stream’s 20 CMZ, except as authorized by Conditional Use Permit as part of a 21 shoreline restoration project.

22 (c) Dredge material disposal within areas assigned an Aquatic Environment 23 Designation may be approved only when authorized by applicable 24 agencies, which may include the USACE pursuant to Section 404 (Clean 25 Water Act) permits, WDFW, HPA, and/or the Dredged Material 26 Management Program of the Washington State DNR, and when one of the 27 following conditions apply:

28 (i) Land disposal is not feasible, inconsistent with this SMP, or 29 prohibited by law.

30 (ii) Disposal as part of a program to restore or enhance shoreline 31 ecological functions and processes is not feasible.

32 (d) Dredge materials approved for disposal within areas assigned an Aquatic 33 Environment Designation shall comply with the following conditions:

34 (i) Aquatic habitat will be protected, restored, or enhanced.

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1 (ii) Adverse effects on water quality or biologic resources from 2 contaminated materials will be mitigated.

3 (e) Upland disposal sites shall be planted with vegetation native to the 4 shoreline location, or that which would be present in an undisturbed 5 condition.

6 (f) Dredge material disposal operating periods and hours shall be limited to 7 those stipulated by the WDFW and hours from 7:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., 8 Monday through Friday, except in time of emergency as authorized by the 9 Shoreline Administrator. Provisions for buffers at land disposal or 10 transfer sites, in order to protect public safety and other lawful interests 11 and to avoid adverse impacts, shall be required.

12 (3) Submittal Requirements: The following information shall be required for all 13 dredging applications:

14 (a) A description of the purpose of the proposed dredging and analysis of 15 compliance with the policies and regulations of this SMP, and other 16 applicable requirements including compliance with the U.S. Army Corps 17 of Engineers Lower Snake River Programmatic Sediment Management 18 Plan, as applicable.

19 (b) A detailed description of the existing physical character, shoreline 20 geomorphology, and biological resources provided by the area proposed to 21 be dredged, including:

22 (i) A site plan map outlining the perimeter of the proposed dredge 23 area, including the existing bathymetry (water depths that indicate 24 the topography of areas below the OHWM), and having data points 25 at a minimum of 2-foot depth increments

26 (ii) A Critical Area Report

27 (iii) A mitigation plan, if necessary, to address any identified adverse 28 impacts on ecological functions or processes

29 (iv) Information on stability of areas adjacent to proposed dredging and 30 spoils disposal areas

31 (v) A detailed description of the physical, chemical, and biological 32 characteristics of the dredge materials to be removed, including:

33 (A) Physical analysis of material to be dredged (e.g., material 34 composition and amount, grain size, organic materials 35 present, and source of material)

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1 (B) Chemical analysis of material to be dredged (e.g., volatile 2 solids; chemical oxygen demand; grease and oil content; 3 and mercury, lead, and zinc content)

4 (C) Biological analysis of material to be dredged

5 (c) A description of the method of materials removal, including facilities for 6 settlement and movement.

7 (d) Dredging procedure, including the length of time it will take to complete 8 dredging, method of dredging, and amount of materials removed.

9 (e) Frequency and quantity of project maintenance dredging.

10 (f) Detailed plans for dredge spoil disposal, including specific land disposal 11 sites and relevant information on the disposal site, including, but not 12 limited, to:

13 (i) Dredge material disposal area

14 (ii) Physical characteristics, including location, topography, existing 15 drainage patterns, and surface and groundwater

16 (iii) Size and capacity of disposal site

17 (iv) Means of transportation to the disposal site

18 (v) Proposed dewatering and stabilization of dredged material

19 (vi) Methods of controlling erosion and sedimentation

20 (vii) Future use of the site and conformance with land-use policies and 21 regulations

22 (g) Total estimated initial dredge volume.

23 (h) Plan for disposal of maintenance spoils for at least a 20-year period, if 24 applicable.

25 (i) Hydraulic modeling studies sufficient to identify existing geohydraulic 26 patterns and probable effects of dredging.

27 (4) This SMP recognizes that stream and river restoration and rehabilitation 28 projects may require excavation and material placement which would otherwise 29 meet the definitions for dredging and relocation of dredged materials. 30 Descriptive and reporting requirements specified in Section (3) above shall be 31 waived for earth moving (including streambed materials) and relocation that are 32 design elements of stream and river restoration projects.

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1 (5) Stream and river restoration projects shall be designed to rehabilitate natural 2 fluvial geomorphic and ecological functions and processes.

3 XX.XX.360 Fill and Excavation

4 (1) Fill and excavation is allowed only in association with a permitted use. Where 5 allowed, fill and excavation shall be the minimum necessary to accommodate 6 the development.

7 (2) Fill of the OHWM, except fill to support ecological restoration, requires a 8 Conditional Use Permit and may only be permitted in one of the following 9 circumstances:

10 (a) In conjunction with water-dependent or public access uses allowed by this 11 SMP

12 (b) In conjunction with a bridge or transportation facility of statewide 13 significance, for which there is a demonstrated public need and where no 14 feasible upland sites, design solutions, or routes exist

15 (c) In conjunction with implementation of an interagency environmental 16 cleanup plan to clean up and dispose of contaminated sediments

17 (d) Disposal of dredged material considered suitable under, and conducted in 18 accordance with, the Washington State Dredged Material Management 19 Program

20 (e) In conjunction with any other environmental restoration or enhancement 21 project

22 (3) Waterward of the OHWM, pile or pier supports shall be used whenever feasible 23 in preference to fills. Fills for approved road development in floodways or 24 wetlands shall be permitted only if pile or pier supports are proven not feasible.

25 (4) Fill upland and waterward of the OHWM, including in non-watered side 26 channels, shall be permitted only where it is demonstrated that the proposed 27 action will not:

28 (a) Result in significant ecological damage to water quality, fish, and/or 29 wildlife habitat

30 (b) Adversely alter natural drainage and circulation patterns, currents, or river 31 flows or significantly reduce floodwater capacities

32 (c) Alter channel migration, geomorphic, or hydrologic processes

33 (d) Significantly reduce public access to the shoreline or significantly 34 interfere with shoreline recreational uses

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1 (5) Fills are prohibited in the floodway, except when required in conjunction with 2 uses allowed by this SMP.

3 (6) Fills are allowed in floodplains outside of the floodway only where they would 4 not alter the hydrologic characteristics or flood storage capacity or inhibit 5 channel migration.

6 (7) Fill shall be of the minimum amount and extent necessary to accomplish the 7 purpose of the fill.

8 (8) Excavation waterward of the OHWM or within wetlands shall be considered 9 dredging for purposes of this SMP.

10 (9) Fills or excavation shall not be located where streambank stabilization will be 11 necessary to protect materials placed or removed. Disturbed areas shall be 12 immediately stabilized and revegetated, as applicable.

13 XX.XX.380 Forest Practices

14 (1) Forest practice applications shall meet all local, state and federal regulations 15 regarding forest practices and land clearing, especially the State’s Forest 16 Practices Act for all forest management activities, including Class IV, general 17 forest practices, where shorelines are being converted or are expected to be 18 converted to non‐forest uses.

19 (2) Conversion of forest lands to another use shall ensure no net loss of ecological 20 function or no significant adverse impacts on other shoreline uses, resources, 21 and values such as navigation, recreation, and public access.

22 (3) Within 200 feet landward of the OHWM within SSWS, only selective 23 commercial timber cutting is allowed, such that no more than 30% of the 24 merchantable trees may be harvested in any 10-year period of time, provided 25 that other timber harvesting methods may be permitted in those limited 26 instances where the topography, soil conditions, or silviculture practices 27 necessary for regeneration render selective logging ecologically detrimental, 28 and provided further, that clear cutting of timber, which is solely incidental to 29 the preparation of land for other uses authorized by this SMP, may be permitted.

30 (4) Proponents of a forest practice or activity shall supply the following information 31 in their application for shoreline permit:

32 (a) Documentation describing how the activity will protect water quality and 33 meet any applicable standards

34 (b) Plan for maintaining vegetative buffer strips to protect fish populations 35 and other aquatic life

36 (c) Description of other measures to prevent erosion of streambanks

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1 XX.XX.390 Industrial Development

2 (1) Water-dependent industrial development shall be given priority over 3 non-water-dependent commercial uses within shoreline environments. 4 Secondarily, water-related and water-oriented uses shall be given priority over 5 non-water-oriented commercial uses.

6 (2) Non-water-oriented industrial uses shall be allowed if they can demonstrate one 7 or more of the following:

8 (a) The industrial use is part of a mixed-use project that includes 9 water-dependent uses and provides a significant public benefit with 10 respect to the objectives of the SMA.

11 (b) Navigability is severely limited at the proposed site, including 12 opportunities for non-motorized boating or other water-oriented uses.

13 (c) The industrial use is physically separated from the shoreline by another 14 property, public right-of-way, or levee.

15 (d) The industrial use is farther upland than 200 feet from the OHWM; 16 therefore, a water-oriented use is not a viable option.

17 (3) Where industrial use is proposed for location on land in public ownership, 18 public access should be required unless such public access is demonstrated by 19 the proponent to be infeasible or inappropriate for the shoreline pursuant to 20 Section XX.XX.260, Public Access.

21 (4) Industrial uses shall provide for suitable measures to rehabilitate and enhance 22 the shoreline ecology as a condition of approval.

23 (5) Non-water-oriented industrial uses shall not be allowed over water in any 24 shoreline environment.

25 (6) All industrial loading and service areas shall be located upland or away from the 26 shoreline, except when loading services are water-dependent, such as barge 27 facilities. Provisions shall be made to screen upland loading areas with walls, 28 fences, and landscaping and to minimize aesthetic impacts.

29 (7) The new storage of potentially hazardous or dangerous substances or wastes is 30 prohibited in the floodway or within 200 feet of the OHWM, whichever 31 boundary extends farthest landward.

32 (8) Industrial development will be located, designed, or constructed in a manner 33 that ensures no net loss of shoreline ecological functions and such that it does 34 not have significant adverse impacts to other shoreline resources and values.

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1 XX.XX.400 In-stream Structures

2 (1) In-stream structures are those structures, placed by humans, within a stream or 3 river waterward of the OHWM that either cause or have the potential to cause 4 water impoundment or the diversion, obstruction, or modification of water flow. 5 In-stream structures may include those for hydroelectric generation, irrigation, 6 water supply, flood control, transportation, utility service transmission, 7 structures primarily intended for fisheries management, or other purposes. 8 Docks, piers, and marinas are not regulated as in-stream structures under this 9 section of the SMP. See Section XX.XX.470, Transportation: Trails, Roads, 10 and Parking, and Section XX.XX.480, Utilities, for regulations governing road 11 and utility crossings of streams.

12 In-stream structures can also be placed as components of stream and river 13 restoration and rehabilitation projects where the explicit purpose is ecological 14 restoration and enhancement. These may include a variety of lithic and woody 15 structures, including engineered logjams, boulder arrays, and other structures 16 designed to replicate natural habitat, flow, and sediment transport conditions in 17 degraded streams and rivers. This SMP and the following provisions recognize 18 that in-stream structures associated with stream restoration work are designed to 19 improve geomorphic and ecological functions.

20 (2) General

21 (a) The location, planning, and design of in-stream structures shall be 22 compatible with the following:

23 (i) The full range of public interests; existing agricultural activities; 24 USACE Snake River dam projects operations, maintenance, and 25 facility upgrade activities; providing for public access to 26 shorelines; desire for protection from floods; and need for 27 preserving historic and cultural resources

28 (ii) Protecting and preserving ecosystem-wide processes and 29 ecological functions, including, but not limited to, fish and 30 wildlife, with special emphasis on protecting and restoring priority 31 habitats and species, and water resources within the context of the 32 hydrology and water management effects of the Snake River 33 operations, as applicable

34 (b) New structures shall be designed, located, and constructed consistent with 35 mitigation sequencing principles in Section XX.XX.230, Environmental 36 Protection, and as otherwise limited by floodplain regulations found in 37 Section XX.XX.270, Flood Hazard Reduction, and Section XX.XX.540, 38 Frequently Flooded Areas.

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1 (c) New structures shall be designed and located to minimize removal of 2 riparian vegetation and, if applicable, to return flow to the stream in as 3 short a distance as possible.

4 (d) In-stream structures shall provide for adequate upstream and downstream 5 migration of resident fish, as applicable, and shall not adversely affect 6 native resident and anadromous aquatic wildlife or adversely modify 7 aquatic wildlife habitat, as applicable.

8 (e) Utilities and transmission lines shall be located so as to minimize 9 obstruction or degradation of views and comply with applicable provisions 10 of the Utilities section of this SMP.

11 (f) Mitigation shall be required of the proponent for the loss of ecological 12 functions and processes pursuant to Section XX.XX.230, Environmental 13 Protection, and Section XX.XX, Article V, Critical Areas. No net loss in 14 function, value, or acreage shall occur from such development.

15 (g) In-stream structures, which are components of stream restoration projects, 16 shall be designed to appear like natural river features and to replicate 17 natural stream channel morphology and distribution of woody debris.

18 (3) Submittal Requirements. In addition to the standard requirements listed in 19 Section XX.XX.730, Application Requirements, all permit applications for 20 in-stream structures shall contain, at a minimum, the following additional 21 information:

22 (a) A site suitability analysis, which provides sufficient justification for the 23 proposed site; the analysis must fully address alternative sites for the 24 proposed development.

25 (b) Proposed location and design of primary and accessory structures, 26 transmission equipment, utility corridors, and access/service roads.

27 (c) A plan that describes the extent and location of vegetation, which is 28 proposed to be removed to accommodate the proposed facility, and any 29 site revegetation plan required by this SMP.

30 (d) An analysis prepared by a licensed professional engineer or fluvial 31 geomorphologist that sufficiently describes the project’s potential effects 32 on fluvial geomorphology and channel form, including potential changes 33 in base flood elevation, velocity and volume of flows, and sediment 34 transport.

35 (e) Biological resource inventory and analysis that sufficiently describes the 36 project’s effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, prepared by a 37 qualified professional, as defined in the Critical Areas section of this SMP.

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1 (f) Provision for erosion control, protecting water quality, and aquatic and 2 terrestrial ecosystems during construction.

3 (g) Long-term management plans that describe in sufficient detail the 4 provisions for protection of in-stream resources during construction and 5 operation; the plan shall include means for monitoring its success.

6 XX.XX.410 Mining

7 (1) Mining shall be prohibited waterward of the OHWM.

8 (2) Mining facilities shall be located within shoreline jurisdiction (Shorelands) only 9 when no feasible sites are available outside shoreline jurisdiction.

10 (3) All gold and other mineral prospecting, concentration, and extraction activities 11 shall strictly conform to requirements of the Gold and Fish Pamphlet for those 12 activities which are limited to the scope, techniques, and equipment specified in 13 the pamphlet. Compliance with the Gold and Fish Pamphlet does not 14 necessarily preclude the requirement for a Substantial Development Permit for 15 mineral prospecting, concentration, and extraction activities.

16 (4) All similar activities, which exceed the criteria and parameters specified in the 17 Gold and Fish Pamphlet, shall be designed and conducted to avoid impacts to 18 shoreline natural character and ecological functions, including, but not limited 19 to, riparian and floodplain plant communities and ecosystems and ecological 20 functions.

21 (5) Determining when mining facilities may or may not be located within 22 Shorelands shall be based on an evaluation of geologic factors such as the 23 distribution and availability of mineral resources for that jurisdiction; the need 24 for such mineral resources; and economic, transportation, and land-use factors. 25 This demonstration may rely on analysis or studies prepared for purposes of 26 comprehensive plan designations and may be integrated with any relevant 27 environmental review conducted under State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA; 28 RCW 43.21C) or otherwise be shown in a manner consistent with 29 RCW 90.58.100(1) and WAC 173-26-201(2)(a), as amended.

30 (6) Mining facilities and associated activities shall be designed and located to 31 prevent loss of ecological function.

32 (7) Application for approval of mining operations shall be accompanied by 33 operation plans, reclamation plans, and analysis of environmental impacts 34 sufficient to make a determination as to whether the project will result in net 35 loss of shoreline ecological functions and processes. These evaluations and 36 plans shall address these functions and processes during the course of mining 37 and after reclamation, and how impacts will be mitigated to achieve no net loss 38 of these functions. Creation, restoration, and habitat enhancement and the

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1 future productivity of the site may be considered in determining no net loss of 2 ecological functions.

3 (8) Preference shall be given to mining uses that result in the creation, restoration, 4 or enhancement of habitat and are coordinated with Washington State Surface 5 Mining Reclamation Act requirements.

6 XX.XX.430 Recreational Development

7 (1) General Preferences

8 (a) Recreational uses and facilities shall include features that relate to access, 9 enjoyment, and use of local shorelines.

10 (b) Both passive and active shoreline recreation uses are allowed.

11 (c) Water-oriented recreational uses and activities are preferred in shoreline 12 jurisdiction. Water-dependent recreational uses shall be preferred as a 13 first priority and water-related and water-enjoyment recreational uses as a 14 second priority.

15 (d) Existing passive recreational opportunities, including hunting, angling, 16 nature appreciation, primitive trails where motorized vehicles are not 17 allowed, and environmental interpretation, shall be maintained.

18 (e) Preference shall be given to developing and enhancing public access to the 19 shoreline to enhance opportunities for angling (fishing), boating, and other 20 water-dependent and water-related recreational opportunities.

21 (2) General Performance Standards

22 (a) The potential adverse impacts of all recreational uses shall be mitigated 23 and adequate provisions for shoreline rehabilitation shall be made part of 24 any proposed recreational use or development to ensure no net loss of 25 shoreline ecological function.

26 (b) Sites with fragile and unique shoreline conditions, such as high-quality 27 wetlands and wildlife habitats, shall be used only for non-intensive 28 recreation activities such as trails, viewpoints, interpretive signage, and 29 similar passive and low-impact facilities that result in no net loss of 30 shoreline ecological function, and do not require the construction and 31 placement of permanent structures.

32 (c) Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides should be avoided at recreational 33 developments in shoreline environments. New recreational developments 34 shall be designed to avoid their use. Where their use is required, such use 35 shall be minimized. Measures shall be taken to avoid pesticides and 36 fertilizers leaching into soils and nearshore hyporheic zones in shorelines.

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1 The proponent shall specify the BMPs to be used to prevent these 2 applications and resultant leachate from entering adjacent waters. 3 Recreational developments shall be located and designed to preserve, 4 enhance, or create scenic views and vistas.

5 (d) In approving shoreline recreational developments, the Shoreline 6 Administrator shall ensure the development will maintain, enhance, or 7 restore desirable shoreline features, including unique and fragile areas, 8 scenic views, and aesthetic values. The Shoreline Administrator may, 9 therefore, adjust or prescribe project dimensions, on-site location of 10 project components, intensity of use, screening, lighting, parking, and 11 setback requirements.

12 (3) Signs indicating the public’s right to access shoreline areas shall be installed 13 and maintained in conspicuous locations at all points of access.

14 (4) Recreational developments shall provide facilities for non-motorized access to 15 the shoreline, such as pedestrian and bicycle paths and equestrian access, as 16 applicable. New motorized vehicle access shall be located and managed to 17 protect riparian, wetland, and shrub-steppe habitat functions and value.

18 (5) Proposals for recreational developments shall include a landscape plan 19 indicating how native, self-sustaining plant communities are incorporated into 20 the proposal to maintain ecological functions. The removal of on-site native 21 vegetation shall be limited to the minimum necessary for the development of 22 permitted structures or facilities and shall be consistent with provisions of 23 Section XX.XX.240, Shoreline Vegetation Conservation, and Section XX.XX, 24 Article V, Critical Areas.

25 (6) Accessory uses and support facilities such as maintenance facilities, utilities, 26 and other non-water-oriented uses shall be consolidated and located in upland 27 areas outside shoreline, wetland, and riparian buffers unless such facilities, 28 utilities, and uses are allowed in shoreline buffers based on the regulations of 29 this SMP.

30 (7) The placement of picnic tables, playground apparatus, and other similar minor 31 components within the floodways shall be permitted, provided such structures 32 are located and installed in such a manner as to prevent them from being swept 33 away during a flood event.

34 (8) Recreational facilities shall make adequate provisions, such as screening, 35 landscaping buffer strips, fences, and signs, to prevent trespass upon adjacent 36 properties and to protect the value and enjoyment of adjacent or nearby private 37 properties and natural areas, as applicable.

38 (9) Recreational facilities or structures are only allowed to be built over water when 39 they provide public access or facilitate a water-dependent use and shall be the 40 minimum size necessary to accommodate the permitted activity.

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1 (10) Recreational developments shall make adequate provisions for all of the 2 following:

3 (a) On-site and off-site access and, where appropriate, equestrian access

4 (b) Appropriate water supply and waste disposal methods

5 (c) Security and fire protection

6 (11) Structures associated with recreational development shall not exceed 35 feet in 7 height, except for as noted in Section XX.XX.210, Development Standards, 8 when such structures document that the height beyond 35 feet will not obstruct 9 the view of a substantial number of adjoining residences.

10 (12) Recreational development shall minimize effective impervious surfaces in 11 shoreline jurisdiction and incorporate low-impact development techniques.

12 XX.XX.440 Residential Development

13 (1) Single-family residential development is a preferred use when it is developed in 14 a manner consistent with SMP provisions.

15 (2) Residential development shall be located and constructed to result in no net loss 16 of shoreline ecological function.

17 (3) Lots for residential use shall have a maximum density no greater than that 18 which will be consistent with local comprehensive plans and zoning regulations.

19 (4) Lot density and number for residential use may be further limited by other 20 provisions, including goals, policies, and use regulations of this SMP.

21 (5) Accessory uses and structures shall be located outside of the riparian buffer, 22 unless the structure is or supports a water-dependent use. Storage structures to 23 support water-related uses are not water-dependent uses and, therefore, shall be 24 located outside of the riparian buffer.

25 (6) All residential development shall be located or designed in such a manner as to 26 prevent measurable degradation of water quality from stormwater runoff. 27 Adequate mitigation measures shall be required and implemented where there is 28 the reasonable potential for such adverse effect on water quality.

29 (7) New shoreline residences and appurtenant structures shall be sufficiently set 30 back from steep slopes and shorelines vulnerable to erosion so that structural 31 improvements, including bluff walls and other shoreline stabilization and 32 flood-control structures, are not necessary to protect proposed residences and 33 associated uses.

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1 (8) New floating residences and overwater residential structures are prohibited in 2 shoreline jurisdiction.

3 (9) New, multi-unit residential development, including duplexes, fourplexes, and 4 the subdivision of land into five or more lots, shall make adequate provisions 5 for public access consistent with the regulations set forth in 6 Section XX.XX.260, Public Access.

7 (10) Fences associated with single-family residences and multi-family structures and 8 their appurtenances shall not obstruct existing visual access to shorelines from 9 public rights-of-way.

10 (11) New residential development shall connect with sewer systems, when available.

11 (12) All new residential development shall meet the vegetation management 12 provisions contained in Section XX.XX.240, Shoreline Vegetation 13 Conservation, and Section XX.XX.560, Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation 14 Areas.

15 (13) Residential development clustering may be required by the 16 Shoreline Administrator, where appropriate, to minimize ecological and visual 17 impacts on shorelines, including minimization of impacts on shoreline 18 vegetation consistent with Section XX.XX.240, Shoreline Vegetation 19 Conservation.

20 XX.XX.450 Ecological Restoration and Shoreline Habitat Enhancement

21 (1) Shoreline restoration and enhancement should be designed to holistically and 22 comprehensively restore, rehabilitate, or enhance shoreline ecological processes 23 and functions, and native plant and animal communities, including those which 24 are targeted toward, and funded for the purpose of restoring sensitive and/or 25 regionally important species.

26 (2) Shoreline ecological restoration, enhancement, and mitigation activities shall be 27 designed to facilitate recovery of sustainable ecosystems and natural processes, 28 toward the objective of achieving no net loss of shoreline ecological functions.

29 (3) Restoration activities shall be carried out in accordance with the Shoreline 30 Restoration Plan required as an adjunct to this SMP, which will reference the 31 Snake River Salmon Recovery Plan (Snake River Salmon Recovery Board 2013 32 or latest version of this plan), the Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife 33 Compensation Program, watershed-based water quality restoration programs 34 and grant funds administered by the federal EPA and Ecology, and other state 35 and federal ecological restoration and habitat linkage plans, and in accordance 36 with the provisions of this SMP.

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1 (4) To the extent possible, restoration, enhancement, and mitigation activities shall 2 be integrated and coordinated with other parallel natural resource management 3 efforts, such as those identified in the Shoreline Restoration Plan.

4 (5) Habitat creation, expansion, restoration, and enhancement projects may be 5 authorized, subject to required state or federal permits when the applicant has 6 demonstrated that:

7 (a) The primary objective is clearly restoration or enhancement of the natural 8 character or ecological function of the shoreline.

9 (b) The project will not adversely impact spawning, nesting, or breeding in 10 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas.

11 (c) Upstream or downstream properties or Fish and Wildlife Habitat 12 Conservation Areas will not be adversely affected.

13 (d) Water quality will not be degraded.

14 (e) Flood storage capacity will not be degraded.

15 (f) Flood conveyance capacity will not be degraded.

16 (g) Impacts to critical areas and buffers will be avoided and, where 17 unavoidable, minimized and mitigated.

18 (h) The project will not interfere with the normal public use of shorelines of 19 the state.

20 (i) Stream and floodplain restoration projects shall be based on a watershed 21 scale, process-based analysis of fluvial geomorphology, and hydrology.

22 (j) Stream and floodplain restoration projects shall be designed to restore 23 fluvial processes, including sediment transport, recruitment, and 24 distribution of woody debris, channel migration within identified channel 25 migration zones, and re-development or enhancement of native plant 26 communities.

27 (k) Stream and floodplain restoration projects shall employ current best 28 technical and scientific design and practices.

29 (6) The Shoreline Administrator shall review the projects for consistency with this 30 SMP in an expeditious manner and shall issue a decision, along with any 31 conditions, within 45 days of receiving all materials necessary to review the 32 request for exemption from the Substantial Development Permit submitted by 33 the applicant (see Section XX.XX.770, Exemptions from Shoreline Substantial 34 Development Permits).

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1 XX.XX.460 Shoreline Stabilization

2 (1) Shoreline restoration and enhancement activities designed to restore shoreline 3 ecological functions and processes and/or shoreline features should be targeted 4 toward meeting the needs of sensitive and/or regionally important plant, fish, 5 and wildlife species and shall be given priority.

6 (2) Except for USACE Snake River dam facilities and operations, new shoreline 7 stabilization for new development is prohibited unless it can be demonstrated 8 that reasonable use of existing uses and structures created prior to the effective 9 date of this SMP is precluded without shoreline protection or is necessary to 10 restore ecological functions or hazardous substance remediation.

11 (3) Proposed designs for new or expanded shoreline stabilization shall be designed 12 using biotechnical design approaches and techniques in accordance with 13 applicable state guidelines unless a qualified engineer and biotechnical bank 14 protection practitioner demonstrates that only conventional riprap or 15 bulkheading will stabilize the shoreline.

16 (4) Shoreline stabilizations must incorporate the most current scientific and 17 technical information available. They must demonstrate that future stabilization 18 measures would not be required on the project site or adjacent properties or 19 cause significant impact to adjacent or down-current properties and shoreline 20 areas and must be certified by a qualified professional.

21 (5) Except where stabilization is needed to protect allowed uses where no 22 alternative locations are available and no net loss of ecological functions will 23 result, land subdivisions, lot line adjustments and new development shall be 24 designed to ensure future development of the newly created lots will not require 25 structural stabilization over the life of the development.

26

27 (6) Except for USACE Snake River dam facilities and operations, new or expanded 28 structural shoreline stabilization is prohibited except when necessity is 29 demonstrated consistent with the requirements of WAC 173-26-231(3)(a)(iii). 30 Necessity is demonstrated through conclusive evidence documented by a 31 geotechnical analysis that there is a significant possibility that the structure will 32 be damaged within 3 years as a result of shoreline erosion caused by wind/wave 33 action or other hydraulic forces and only when significant adverse impacts are 34 mitigated to ensure no net loss of shoreline ecological functions and/or 35 processes.

36 (7) Replacement of an existing shoreline stabilization structure with a similar 37 structure is permitted if there is a demonstrated need to protect existing primary 38 uses, structures, or public facilities, including roads, bridges, railways, 39 irrigation, and utility systems from erosion caused by stream undercutting or 40 wave action. The existing shoreline stabilization structure will be removed

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1 from the shoreline as part of the replacement activity. Replacement walls or 2 bulkheads shall not encroach waterward of the OHWM or existing structure 3 unless the facility was occupied prior to January 1, 1992, and there are 4 overriding safety or environmental concerns. Proposed designs for new or 5 expanded shoreline stabilization shall be in accordance with applicable state 6 guidelines and certified by a qualified professional.

7 (8) Shoreline stabilization projects that are part of a fish habitat enhancement 8 project meeting the criteria of RCW 77.55.181 will be authorized through an 9 exemption from the requirement for a Substantial Development Permit.

10 (9) Small-scale shoreline stabilization projects (e.g., tree planting projects or other 11 minimally intrusive enhancements) shall be reviewed by a qualified professional 12 to ensure the project has been designed using the most current scientific and 13 technical information available.

14 (10) Large-scale or more complex shoreline stabilization projects (e.g., projects 15 requiring fill or excavation, placing objects in the water, or hardening the bank) 16 shall be designed by a qualified professional using the most current scientific 17 and technical information available. The applicant may be required to have a 18 qualified professional oversee construction or construct the project.

19 (11) New stabilization structures, when found to be necessary, will implement the 20 following standards:

21 (a) Limit the size of the project to the minimum amount necessary

22 (b) Include measures to ensure no net loss of shoreline ecological functions

23 (12) Use biotechnical bank stabilization techniques unless those are demonstrated to 24 be infeasible or ineffective before implementing conventional structural 25 stabilization measures such as riprap or bulkheading.

26 XX.XX.470 Transportation: Trails, Roads, and Parking

27 (1) New or expanded motor vehicle and rail transportation facilities shall not be 28 located within shoreline jurisdiction, unless one of the following conditions 29 occurs:

30 (a) The proponent demonstrates that no feasible upland alternatives exist.

31 (b) The project represents the minimum development necessary to serve 32 another specific, localized, and permitted shoreline use.

33 (c) In the case of a water crossing, the proponent demonstrates that the project 34 is necessary to further a substantial public interest.

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1 (2) When new roads or road expansions are unavoidable in shoreline jurisdiction, 2 proposed transportation facilities shall be planned, located, and designed to 3 achieve the following objectives:

4 (a) Meet mitigation sequencing provisions of Section XX.XX.230, 5 Environmental Protection

6 (b) Avoid adverse impacts on existing or planned water-oriented uses

7 (c) Set back from the OHWM to allow for a usable shoreline area for 8 vegetation conservation and any preferred shoreline uses unless infeasible

9 (d) First avoid and then minimize grading, vegetation clearing, and alterations 10 of the natural topography

11 (e) Use BMPs for preventing erosion and degradation of surface water quality

12 (3) Improvements to existing motor vehicle and rail transportation facilities shall 13 not interfere with pedestrian and bicycle access and shall, whenever possible, 14 provide for expanding and enhancing pedestrian and bicycle transportation 15 facilities.

16 (4) Transportation facilities and services for motor vehicles and rail shall use 17 existing transportation corridors whenever possible.

18 (5) Developing, improving, and expanding pedestrian and bicycle transportation 19 facilities are allowed within all environments except the Natural Environment 20 Designation. Pedestrian and bicycle transportation facilities are a preferred use 21 wherever they are compatible with protecting the natural character, resources, 22 and ecology of the shoreline and preventing any net loss of ecological function.

23 (6) Pedestrian and bicycle transportation facilities shall be designed, located, and 24 constructed consistent with the policies and regulations for public access as 25 provided in Section XX.XX.260, Public Access, of this SMP. Linkage among 26 shoreline parks, recreation areas, and public access points is encouraged, when 27 feasible.

28 (7) Parking facilities are not a water-dependent use and shall only be permitted in 29 the shoreline jurisdiction to support an authorized use where it can be 30 demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Shoreline Administrator that there are no 31 feasible alternative locations away from the shoreline. Parking as a primary use 32 shall not be allowed within 50 feet of edge of riparian vegetation corridor. 33 Accessory parking facilities shall be subject to the same permit type as the 34 primary use.

35 (8) Accessory parking facilities shall be planned to avoid or minimize adverse 36 effects on unique or fragile shoreline features and shall not result in a net loss of 37 shoreline ecological functions or adversely affect existing or planned

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1 water-dependent uses. Parking facilities shall be located upland of the principal 2 structure, building, or development they serve and preferably outside of 3 shoreline jurisdiction, except:

4 (a) Where the proponent demonstrates that an alternate location would reduce 5 adverse impacts on the shoreline and adjacent uses,

6 (b) Where another location is not feasible, and/or

7 (c) Except when ADA standards require otherwise.

8 In such cases, the applicant shall demonstrate use of measures to reduce adverse 9 impacts of parking facilities in shoreline jurisdiction, such as low-impact 10 development techniques, buffering, or other measures approved by the 11 Shoreline Administrator.

12 Minimized, unavoidable adverse impacts to shoreline resources and ecological 13 function associated with developing ADA-compliant parking shall be fully 14 mitigated under the provisions of this SMP.

15 (9) Parking facilities shall be landscaped in a manner to minimize adverse visual 16 and aesthetic impacts on adjacent shoreline and abutting properties.

17 (10) All forms of transportation facilities shall, wherever feasible, consolidate water 18 crossings and make joint use of rights-of-way with existing or planned future 19 primary utility facilities and other transportation facility modalities.

20 (11) Improvements to all existing transportation facilities shall provide for the 21 re-establishment and enhancement of natural vegetation along the shoreline 22 when appropriate.

23 (12) If located in the side yard or waterward side of a structure, loading areas shall 24 be screened from view of pedestrians on either side of the waterway. The visual 25 screen shall be composed of a fence or wall with trees and shrubs consistent 26 with local landscape standards.

27 (13) Shoreline crossings and culverts shall be designed to minimize adverse impacts 28 on upland, riparian, and aquatic habitat within shoreline jurisdiction, and shall 29 be designed and constructed to maintain or re-establish fish passage. See 30 Section XX.XX.560, Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas, for 31 regulations governing crossings of non-shoreline streams located in shoreline 32 jurisdiction.

33 (14) Trails shall be designed consistent with public access requirements in 34 Section XX.XX.260, Public Access.

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1 XX.XX.480 Utilities

2 (1) Non-water-oriented utility production, processing, and transmission facilities 3 are permitted in shoreline jurisdiction only if no practical upland alternative or 4 location exists. New primary utility production and processing facilities or parts 5 of those facilities, such as power plants, solid waste storage, or disposal 6 facilities that are non-water-oriented, should not be permitted within shoreline 7 jurisdiction unless no other options are feasible.

8 (2) The principal uses permitted by this section include facilities within the 9 High Intensity designation (e.g., hydropower generating dams) and other 10 facilities, including sewage collection, holding, transfer and treatment pipelines, 11 tanks, structures, containment facilities, and buildings. Accessory facilities are 12 also permitted, including, but not limited to:

13 (a) Plant monitoring and control facilities and on-site administrative offices

14 (b) Plant access and logistical facilities such as storage areas and material 15 handling ramps and facilities, including utility delivery (electrical and 16 communication) facilities

17 (c) Plant security and safety features such as fences and signage

18 (d) Other accessory or auxiliary uses or features, necessary to the effective 19 and efficient operation of the plant, which cannot feasibly be located 20 outside the shoreline jurisdiction

21 (3) Expansion of existing primary utility facilities within shoreline jurisdiction must 22 demonstrate:

23 (a) The expansion is designed to protect adjacent shorelands from erosion, 24 pollution, or other environmentally detrimental factors during and after 25 construction.

26 (b) The project is planned to fit existing natural topography as much as 27 practical and avoid alteration of the existing natural environment.

28 (c) Debris, overburden, and other construction waste materials shall be 29 disposed of so as to prevent erosion or pollution of a waterbody.

30 (4) New primary utility facilities and expansions shall include provisions to control 31 the quantity and quality of surface water runoff to natural waterbodies, using 32 BMPs to retain natural flow rates. A maintenance program to ensure continued 33 proper functioning of such new facilities shall be required.

34 (5) Applications for installation of utility facilities other than water-dependent 35 facilities within the High Intensity Environment Designation shall include all of 36 the following (at a minimum):

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1 (a) Reason why the utility facility must be in shoreline jurisdiction

2 (b) Alternative locations considered and reasons for their elimination

3 (c) Location of the same, similar, or other utility facilities in the vicinity of 4 the proposed project

5 (d) Proposed method(s) of construction

6 (e) Plans for reclamation of areas to be disturbed during construction

7 (f) Landscape plans

8 (g) Methods to achieve no net loss of ecological function and minimize 9 clearing of native vegetation

10 (h) Consistency with local plans for utilities, where such plans exist

11 (6) Applications for installation of utility facilities shall include all of the following 12 (at a minimum):

13 (a) Proposed method(s) of construction

14 (b) Plans for reclamation of areas to be disturbed during construction

15 (c) Landscape plans

16 (d) Methods to achieve no net loss of ecological function and minimize 17 clearing of native vegetation

18 (7) Where feasible, utilities shall be consolidated within a single easement and use 19 existing rights-of-way. Any utility, which must cross shoreline jurisdiction, 20 shall be designed and operated to reserve the option of general public 21 recreational use of the right-of-way in the future. This option shall be exercised 22 by the public only where:

23 (a) The public will not be exposed to dangers from the utility equipment, and

24 (b) The utility itself will not be subjected to unusual risks of damage by the 25 public.

26 (8) In areas where utilities must cross shoreline jurisdiction, they shall do so by the 27 most direct route feasible, unless such a route would negatively affect an 28 environmentally critical area, obstruct public access to the shoreline, or interfere 29 with the navigability of a waterbody regulated by this SMP. See 30 Section XX.XX.560, Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas, for 31 regulations governing crossings of streams with less than 20 cubic feet per 32 second mean annual flow located in shoreline jurisdiction.

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1 (9) Utility facilities shall be designed and located in a manner that protects scenic 2 views and minimizes adverse aesthetic impacts.

3 (10) New utilities, which must be constructed across shoreline jurisdiction in 4 previously undisturbed areas, must submit a mitigation plan demonstrating the 5 restoration of the shoreline to at least its existing condition. Upon completion 6 of utility installation or maintenance, any disturbed areas shall be regraded to be 7 compatible with the natural terrain of the area and revegetated with appropriate 8 native plants to prevent erosion.

9 (11) Outside of the High Intensity Environment Designation, all underwater 10 pipelines or those paralleling the waterway transporting liquids potentially 11 injurious to aquatic life or water quality shall be prohibited, unless no other 12 alternative exists to serve a public interest. In those limited instances where 13 permitted, shut-off valves shall be provided at both sides of the waterbody 14 except for public sanitary sewers of a gravity or siphon nature. In all cases, no 15 net loss of ecological functions shall be maintained.

16 (12) Where utilities cannot cross a shoreline waterbody via a bridge or other existing 17 water crossing, the utilities shall evaluate site-specific habitat conditions and 18 demonstrate whether impacts can be mitigated to negatively impact substrate or 19 whether utilities will need to be bored beneath the waterbody such that the 20 substrate is not disturbed. Construction of pipelines placed under aquatic areas 21 shall be placed in a sleeve to avoid the need for excavation in the event of a 22 failure in the future.

23 (13) Minor trenching to allow the installation of necessary underground pipes or 24 cables is allowed if no alternative, including boring, is feasible, and if:

25 (a) Impacts on fish and wildlife habitat are avoided to the maximum extent 26 possible.

27 (b) The utility installation shall not increase or decrease the natural rate, 28 extent, or opportunity of channel migration.

29 (c) Appropriate BMPs are employed to prevent water quality impacts or other 30 environmental degradation.

31 (14) Utility installation and maintenance operations shall be conducted in a manner 32 that does not negatively affect surface water quality or quantity. Applications 33 for new utility projects in shoreline jurisdiction shall include a list of BMPs to 34 protect water quality.

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1 Article V. Critical Areas

2 XX.XX.500 General Provisions

3 (1) Purpose and Goals

4 (a) Purpose. The purpose of SMP, Article V is to:

5 (i) Define, identify, and protect critical areas as required by the GMA 6 of 1990 (Chapter 17, Laws of 1990) and the SMA (RCW 90.58) 7 through the application of the most current scientific and technical 8 information available.

9 (ii) The Coalition shall regulate in shoreline jurisdiction all uses, 10 activities, and development within, adjacent to, or likely to affect 11 one or more critical areas.

12 (iii) The critical area regulations shall apply in addition to other SMP 13 requirements as an overlay and in addition to zoning and other 14 regulations adopted by the Coalition.

15 (b) Goals

16 (i) Protect members of the public and public resources and facilities 17 from injury, loss of life, or property damage due to landslides and 18 steep slope failures, erosion, seismic events, or flooding.

19 (ii) Maintain healthy, functioning ecosystems through the protection of 20 unique, fragile, and valuable elements of the environment, 21 including ground and surface waters, wetlands, and fish and 22 wildlife and their habitats, and to conserve the biodiversity of plant 23 and animal species.

24 (iii) Direct activities not dependent on shorelands and critical areas 25 resources to less ecologically sensitive sites and mitigate impacts 26 to critical areas by regulating alterations in and adjacent to critical 27 areas.

28 (iv) Prevent cumulative adverse environmental impacts to water 29 quality, wetlands, and fish and wildlife habitat and maintain no net 30 loss of ecological functions.

31 (2) Relationship to Other Regulations and Permits

32 (a) Compliance with the provisions of this section does not constitute 33 compliance with other federal, state, and local regulations and permit 34 requirements that may be required (for example, Shoreline Substantial

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1 Development Permits, Hydraulic Project Approval permits, 2 USACE Section 404 permits, and National Pollutant Discharge 3 Elimination System permits). The applicant is responsible for complying 4 with these requirements apart from the SMP compliance process 5 established in this section.

6 (3) Jurisdiction – Critical Areas in Shoreline Jurisdiction

7 (a) Critical areas regulated by this section include:

8 (i) Wetlands

9 (ii) Critical aquifer recharge areas

10 (iii) Frequently flooded areas

11 (iv) Geologically Hazardous Areas, as designated

12 (v) Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas

13 (b) All areas within the Coalition’s shoreline jurisdiction meeting the 14 definition of one or more critical areas, regardless of any formal 15 identification, are hereby designated critical areas and are subject to the 16 provisions of this section.

17 (c) Protection of Critical Areas. Any action taken pursuant to Article V, 18 Critical Areas, shall result in maintaining no net loss of ecological 19 function of the critical areas associated with the proposed action, as 20 determined by the most current scientific and technical information. All 21 actions and developments shall be designed and constructed in accordance 22 with Mitigation Sequencing, per Section XX.XX.230(2), to avoid, 23 minimize, and restore all adverse impacts. Applicants must first 24 demonstrate an inability to avoid or reduce impacts before restoration and 25 compensation of impacts will be allowed. No activity or use shall be 26 allowed that results in a net loss of the functions or values of critical areas.

27 (4) Authorizations Required. Prior to fulfilling the requirements of this section, the 28 Coalition shall not grant any approval or permission of permits to alter the 29 condition of any land, water, or vegetation, or to construct or alter any structure or 30 improvement including, but not limited to, the following:

31 (a) Building Permit

32 (b) Conditional Use Permit

33 (c) Shoreline Conditional Use Permit

34 (d) Shoreline Substantial Development Permit

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1 (e) Shoreline Variance

2 (f) Binding Site Plan

3 (g) Short Subdivision

4 (h) Subdivision

5 (i) Zoning Variance

6 (j) Rezone

7 (k) Any other adopted permit or required approval not expressly exempted by 8 this section.

9 (5) Most Current Scientific and Technical Information

10 (a) WAC 173.26.201(2)(a) requires the Coalition to identify and assemble the 11 most current, accurate, and complete scientific and technical information 12 available regarding the development of policies related to identification of 13 and policies governing management recommendations for critical areas.

14 (b) Critical Area Reports, mitigation plans, and decisions to permit the 15 alteration of critical areas within the shoreline jurisdiction shall rely on the 16 most current scientific and technical information to ensure the protection 17 of the ecological functions and values of critical areas and must give 18 special consideration to conservation or protection measures necessary to 19 preserve or enhance anadromous fish and their habitat.

20 (c) The most current scientific and technical information shall be consistent 21 with criteria established in WAC 173.26.201(2)(a) and may include the 22 following:

23 (i) Critical area maps included in the Coalition’s Comprehensive 24 Plans

25 (ii) Maps and reference documents in the Coalition’s SMP Inventory, 26 Characterization, and Analysis Report, as applicable

27 (iii) U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic quadrangle maps

28 (iv) Washington State DNR Geologic Hazard, Mine Hazard Area, and 29 Water Type map

30 (v) U.S. Bureau of Land Management Mine Hazard Area map

31 (vi) Aerial photographs

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1 (vii) Soil Survey of Asotin, Garfield, and Columbia counties, 2 Washington, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil 3 Conservation Service

4 (viii) National Wetland Inventory maps

5 (ix) WDFW Priority Habitats and Species maps

6 (d) The Critical Area Overlay Maps include all of the following:

7 (i) FEMA 100-year flood map(s)

8 (ii) Geologically hazardous map(s)

9 (iii) Critical aquifer recharge map(s)

10 (iv) Wetland map(s)

11 (v) Other maps as appropriate

12 (e) Applicability of reference maps. In some cases, the Critical Area Overlay 13 Maps identified herein display general locations and approximate 14 boundaries of potential critical areas. Further field determination and 15 analysis may be necessary for specific development proposals to establish 16 exact location, extent, and nature of critical areas. Fish and Wildlife 17 Habitat Conservation Areas are identified using the references, maps, and 18 criteria established in Section XX.XX.560, Fish and Wildlife Habitat 19 Conservation Areas.

20 (6) General Review Process

21 (a) The County shall follow the process outlined below:

22 (i) Verify the information submitted by the applicant for the 23 applicable permit.

24 (ii) Evaluate the project area and vicinity for critical areas.

25 (iii) Determine whether the proposed project is likely to impact the 26 functions or values of critical areas.

27 (iv) Determine if the proposed project adequately addresses the impacts 28 and avoids impacts to the critical area associated with the project.

29 (b) The Shoreline Administrator will review each shoreline permit application 30 in accordance with this SMP and determine if the provisions of Article V, 31 Critical Areas, will be applied to the project. In making the determination, 32 the Shoreline Administrator may use any of the most current scientific

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1 information and the critical area reference maps and/or inventories 2 identified in Section XX.XX.500 (5)(e).

3 (c) Minimum Standards. Any proposed activity shall be conditioned as 4 necessary to mitigate impacts to critical areas to ensure no net loss of 5 ecological function and conformity to the performance standards required 6 by this section and Section XX.XX.230, Environmental Protection. Any 7 project that cannot adequately mitigate its impacts to critical areas or meet 8 the performance standards required by Section XX.XX.520 through 560 9 shall be denied.

10 (d) Critical areas present, but no impact – waiver.

11 (i) If the Shoreline Administrator determines that there are critical 12 areas within or adjacent to the Area of Project Review, but the 13 proposed activity is unlikely to degrade the functions or values of 14 the critical area, the Shoreline Administrator may waive the 15 requirement for a report or other applicable information (with 16 written approval or other assistance from a federal, state, or local 17 resource agency). A waiver may be granted if there is substantial 18 evidence that all of the following requirements will be met:

19 (A) There will be no alteration of the critical area or buffer.

20 (B) The development proposal will not impact the critical area 21 in a manner contrary to the purpose, intent, and 22 requirements of this SMP.

23 (C) The proposal is consistent with other applicable regulations 24 and standards.

25 (ii) In making the determination, the Shoreline Administrator may use 26 any of the most current scientific information and the critical area 27 reference maps and/or inventories identified in 28 Section XX.XX.500 (5)(e).

29 (e) Critical Areas Present and Potential Impact Likely. If the Shoreline 30 Administrator determines that the proposed project is within, adjacent to, 31 or is likely to impact a critical area, the Shoreline Administrator shall:

32 (i) Notify the applicant that a Critical Area Report, SEPA Checklist, 33 or other applicable information must be submitted prior to further 34 review of the project and indicate each of the critical area types 35 that should be addressed.

36 (ii) Require a Critical Area Report or other applicable information 37 from the applicant that has been prepared by a qualified

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1 professional. Additional information and requirements may be 2 obtained within this SMP.

3 (iii) Review and evaluate the Critical Area Report and other applicable 4 information to determine whether the development proposal 5 conforms to the purpose and performance standards of this SMP.

6 (iv) Assess potential impacts to the critical area and determine if they 7 are necessary and unavoidable.

8 (v) Determine if any mitigation proposed by the applicant is sufficient 9 to protect the critical area and meet the standards for no net loss of 10 ecological functions and public health, safety, and welfare 11 concerns.

12 (vi) A summary of this analysis and the findings shall be included in 13 any decision on the underlying permit(s). Critical area review 14 findings may result in: no adverse impacts to critical area(s), a list 15 of applicable critical area(s) protection conditions for the 16 underlying permit(s), or denial of permit based upon unavoidable 17 impacts to critical area(s) ecological functions and values.

18 (7) Critical Area Report Requirements

19 (a) Incorporating the most current scientific and technical information. The 20 report shall use scientifically valid methods and studies in the analysis of 21 data and field reconnaissance and reference the source of information 22 used. The report shall evaluate the proposal and all probable impacts to 23 critical areas in accordance with the provisions of this SMP.

24 (b) Minimum report contents. At a minimum, the report shall contain the 25 following:

26 (i) Resume of the principal author(s), which disclose(s) their technical 27 training and experience and demonstrates their stature as a 28 qualified professional; the study shall be performed by a 29 professional who is licensed or qualified as an expert in the critical 30 resources at issue.

31 (ii) Identification and characterization of the critical area and 32 associated buffers.

33 (iii) Assessment of any potential hazards associated with the proposed 34 development.

35 (iv) Assessment of the impacts of the development proposal on any 36 critical area.

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1 (v) Mitigation plan which reduces impacts on the critical area(s) to an 2 insignificant level and specifies maintenance, monitoring, and 3 bonding measures (where necessary) per Section XX.XX.510.

4 (vi) Additional information and requirements that may be required 5 within each section under Article V of this SMP.

6 (8) Exempt Uses and Activities.

7 (a) Exempt activities under Article V, Critical Areas, shall avoid impacts to 8 critical areas and critical area buffers. Exempt activities shall use 9 reasonable methods (reasonable methods include BMPs) to avoid potential 10 impacts to critical areas. Being exempt from this section does not give 11 permission to degrade a critical area or ignore risk from natural hazards. 12 Any incidental damage to, or alteration of, a critical area that is not a 13 necessary outcome of the exempted activity shall be restored, 14 rehabilitated, or replaced at the responsible party’s expense.

15 (b) In addition to Section XX.XX.770, Exemptions from Shoreline 16 Substantial Development Permits, the following are exemptions to 17 provisions of Article V, Critical Areas; however, the listed exemptions 18 may not be exempt from other state or federal regulations or permit 19 requirements.

20 (i) Normal and routine maintenance of public streets, state highways, 21 public utilities, and public park facilities. Maintenance and repair 22 does not include any modification that changes the character, 23 scope, or size of the original structure, facility, or improved area, 24 nor does it include construction of a maintenance road or dumping 25 of maintenance debris. (This means no expansion into new unused 26 areas).

27 (ii) Removal of hazardous trees and vegetation and, when necessary, 28 implementation of measures to control or prevent a fire or halt the 29 spread of disease or damaging insects consistent with the State 30 Forest Practices Act, RCW 76.09, provided that no vegetation shall 31 be removed from a critical area or its buffer without approval from 32 the Shoreline Administrator.

33 (iii) Activities involving artificially created wetlands or streams 34 intentionally created from non-wetland sites, including, but not 35 limited to, grass-lined swales, irrigation and drainage ditches, 36 detention facilities, and landscape features, except those features 37 that provide critical habitat for anadromous fish and those features 38 that were created as mitigation for projects or alterations subject to 39 the provisions of this section.

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1 (iv) Existing and ongoing agricultural activities normal or necessary to 2 general farming conducted according to industry-recognized 3 BMPs, particularly as advocated by the Natural Resources 4 Conservation Service (NRCS; refer to the NRCS Field Office 5 Technical Guides for Asotin, Garfield, or Columbia County, 6 Washington).

7 (A) Wetlands. Existing and ongoing agricultural activities do 8 not include removing trees, diverting or impounding water, 9 excavation, ditching, draining, culverting, filling, grading, 10 and similar activities that introduce new adverse impacts to 11 wetlands or other aquatic resources. Conversion of 12 wetlands that are not currently in agricultural use, 13 regardless of their wetland ratings, to a new agricultural use 14 should be subject to the same regulations that govern new 15 development.

16 (B) Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas. Existing 17 and ongoing agricultural activities do not include tree 18 cutting, road building, new agriculture, grazing, clearing, 19 earth moving, mining, filling, burning, or construction of 20 buildings or other facilities in Fish and Wildlife Habitat 21 Conservation Areas.

22 (v) Passive recreational activities, including, but not limited to, 23 fishing, bird watching, boating, swimming, hiking, and use of 24 nature trails, provided the activity does not alter the critical area or 25 its buffer.

26 (vi) The harvesting of wild crops in a manner that is not injurious to 27 natural reproduction of such crops, provided the harvesting does 28 not require tilling soil, planting crops, or changing existing 29 topography, water conditions, or water sources.

30 (vii) Educational and scientific research, provided the activity does not 31 alter the critical area or its buffer.

32 (9) Subdivisions

33 (a) Any subdivision of land that creates a lot greater in size than 5 acres and is 34 located in a critical area or associated buffer shall comply with the 35 following requirements:

36 (i) Land that is located wholly within a wetland, Fish and Wildlife 37 Habitat Conservation Area, Geologically Hazardous Area, 38 floodway, or the buffers required for these critical areas may not be 39 subdivided.

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1 (ii) Land that is located partially within a wetland, Fish and Wildlife 2 Habitat Conservation Area, Geologically Hazardous Area, 3 floodway, or the buffers required for these critical areas may be 4 subdivided, provided that an accessible, contiguous, and buildable 5 portion of each new lot meets the following requirements:

6 (A) Located outside of the wetland, Fish and Wildlife Habitat 7 Conservation Area, Geologically Hazardous Area, 8 floodway, and the buffers required for these critical areas

9 (B) Meets the minimum buildable site requirements of the local 10 zoning ordinances, as amended

11 (iii) Access roads and utilities serving the proposed subdivision may be 12 permitted within the wetland, Fish and Wildlife Habitat 13 Conservation Area, Geologically Hazardous Area, or the buffers 14 required for these critical areas only if the Shoreline Administrator 15 determines that no other feasible alternative exists consistent with 16 this SMP.

17 (10) Notice on Title:

18 (a) In order to inform subsequent purchasers of real property of the existence 19 of critical areas, the owner of any property containing a critical area or 20 buffer on which a development proposal is submitted shall file a notice 21 with the Asotin, Garfield, or Columbia County records and elections 22 division according to the direction of the appropriate county. The notice 23 shall state the presence of the critical area and/or buffer on the property, of 24 the application of this ordinance to the property, and the fact that 25 limitations on actions in or affecting the critical area or buffer may exist. 26 The notice shall run with the land.

27 (b) This notice on title shall not be required for a development proposal by a 28 public agency or public or private utility under any of the following 29 circumstances:

30 (i) Within a recorded easement or right-of-way

31 (ii) Where the agency or utility has been adjudicated the right to an 32 easement or right-of-way

33 (iii) On the site of a permanent public facility

34 (c) The applicant shall submit proof that the notice has been filed for public 35 record before the Coalition jurisdiction approves any development 36 proposal for the property, or in the case of subdivisions, short 37 subdivisions, planned unit developments, and binding site plans, at or 38 before recording.

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1

2 XX.XX.510 General Mitigation Requirements

3 (1) General Mitigation Standards

4 (a) This section provides general mitigation requirements applicable to 5 alteration of critical areas. Additional specific mitigation requirements are 6 found under the sections for the particular type of critical area.

7 (b) All proposed alterations to critical areas or associated buffers shall require 8 mitigation sufficient to maintain no net loss of ecological function of the 9 critical area, or to prevent risk from a critical area hazard, and shall give 10 adequate consideration to the reasonable economically viable use of the 11 property. Mitigation of one critical area impact should not result in 12 unmitigated impacts to another critical area. Mitigation may include 13 buffers, setbacks, limits on clearing and grading, BMPs for erosion control 14 and maintenance of water quality, or other conditions appropriate to avoid 15 or mitigate identified adverse impacts.

16 (c) Any approval of mitigation to compensate for impacts on a critical area or 17 its buffer shall be supported by the most current, accurate, and complete 18 scientific and technical information available.

19 (2) Mitigation Sequencing

20 (a) Mitigation includes avoiding, minimizing, or compensating for adverse 21 impacts to regulated critical areas or their buffers, unless part of a 22 restoration plan for significantly degraded wetland or stream buffer. The 23 preferred sequence of mitigation shall be according to 24 Section XX.XX.230 (2).

25 (3) Mitigation Timing. Mitigation shall be completed immediately following 26 disturbances and prior to use or occupancy of the activity or development or when 27 seasonally appropriate. Construction of mitigation projects shall be timed to 28 reduce impacts on existing fisheries, wildlife, and water quality.

29 (4) Restoration/Rehabilitation Requirements:

30 (a) Restoration/rehabilitation is required when a critical area or its buffers 31 have been altered on a site in violation of Coalition regulations prior to 32 development approval, and, as a consequence, its ecological functions 33 have been degraded. Restoration is also required when the alteration 34 occurs in violation of Coalition regulations during the construction of an 35 approved development proposal. At a minimum, all impacted areas shall 36 be restored to their previous condition pursuant to an approved mitigation 37 plan.

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1 (b) Restoration/rehabilitation is required when the critical area or its buffers 2 will be temporarily altered during the construction of an approved 3 development proposal. At a minimum, all impacted areas shall be restored 4 to their previous condition pursuant to an approved mitigation plan.

5 (5) Compensation. The goal of compensation is to achieve no net loss of critical area 6 or buffer functions on a development site. Compensation includes replacement or 7 enhancement of the critical area or its buffer depending on the scope of the 8 approved alteration and what is needed to maintain or improve the critical area or 9 buffer functions. Compensation for approved critical area or buffer alterations 10 shall meet the following minimum performance standards and shall occur 11 pursuant to an approved mitigation plan:

12 (a) The buffer for a created, restored, or enhanced critical area, proposed as 13 compensation for approved alterations, shall be the same as the buffer 14 required for the existing critical area.

15 (b) On-site and In-kind. Except as noted below or otherwise approved, all 16 critical area impacts shall be compensated through restoration of creation 17 of replacement areas that are in-kind, on-site, and of similar or better 18 critical area category. Mitigation shall be timed prior to or concurrent 19 with the approved alteration and shall have a high probability of success.

20 (c) Off-site and In-kind. The Shoreline Administrator may consider and 21 approve off-site compensation where the applicant demonstrates that 22 greater biological and hydrological functions and values will be achieved. 23 The preferred location for off-site mitigation is areas within or adjoining 24 designated fish and wildlife habitat corridors or as part of other applicable 25 habitat restoration efforts. The compensation may include restoration, 26 creation, or enhancement of critical areas. The compensation ratios 27 specified under the on-site compensation section for each critical area 28 shall also apply for off-site compensation. The Shoreline Administrator 29 may request contractual linkage to the off-site parcel to ensure its 30 availability and landowner willingness.

31 (d) Increased Replacement Ratios. The Shoreline Administrator may increase 32 the ratios under any of the following circumstances:

33 (i) Uncertainty exists as to the probably success of the proposed 34 restoration or creation due to an unproven methodology or 35 proponent

36 (ii) A significant time period will elapse between impact and 37 replication of critical area functions

38 (iii) The impact was unauthorized

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1 (e) Decreased Replacement Ratios. The Shoreline Administrator may 2 decrease the ratios required in the on-site ratios specified under the 3 compensation section of each critical area when all the following criteria 4 are met:

5 (i) A minimum replacement ratio of 1:1 will be maintained.

6 (ii) Documentation by a qualified professional demonstrates that the 7 proposed mitigation actions have a very high rate of success.

8 (iii) Documentation by a qualified professional demonstrated that the 9 proposed mitigation actions will provide ecological functions and 10 values that are significantly greater than the critical area being 11 impacted.

12 (iv) The proposed mitigation actions are conducted in advance of the 13 impact and have been shown to be successful.

14 (6) Critical Area Enhancement as Mitigation

15 (a) Impacts on wetland and stream functions may be mitigated by 16 enhancement of existing significantly degraded areas. Applicants 17 proposing to use enhancement must produce a Critical Area Report that 18 identifies how enhancement will increase the functions of the degraded 19 resource and how this increase will adequately mitigate for the loss of 20 critical area and its function at the impact site. An enhancement proposal 21 must also show whether existing critical area functions will be reduced by 22 the enhancement actions.

23 (7) Monitoring

24 (a) The Shoreline Administrator shall require long-term monitoring of 25 development proposals, unless otherwise accepted where alteration of 26 critical areas or their buffers are approved. Such monitoring shall be an 27 element of the required mitigation plan and shall document and track 28 impacts of development on the ecological functions and values of critical 29 areas, as well as the success and failure of mitigation requirements. 30 Monitoring may include, but is not limited, to:

31 (i) Establishing vegetation transects or plots to track changes in plant 32 species composition over time

33 (ii) Using aerial or other photography to evaluate vegetation 34 community response

35 (iii) Sampling surface and groundwater to determine pollutant loading

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1 (iv) Measuring base flow rates and stormwater runoff to model and 2 evaluate water quantity predictions

3 (v) Measuring sedimentation rates

4 (vi) Sampling fish and wildlife populations to determine habitat 5 utilization, species abundance, and diversity

6 (vii) Sampling of water temperatures for wetlands and streams.

7 (b) The Shoreline Administrator may require that a qualified professional, at 8 the applicant’s expense, monitor the development proposal site during 9 construction and for a sufficient period of time after construction to ensure 10 satisfactory mitigation of impacts on the critical area. The qualified 11 professional shall monitor per the provisions outlined in the approved 12 mitigation plan based on the conditions or restrictions imposed.

13 (c) Performance Bond. Prior to issuance of any permit or approval that 14 authorizes site disturbance, the Shoreline Administrator may require 15 performance security as specified in Section XX.XX.510 (11), Mitigation 16 Security.

17 (8) Contingencies/Adaptive Management. When monitoring reveals a significant 18 deviation from predicted impacts or a failure of mitigation measures, the applicant 19 shall be responsible for appropriate corrective action. Contingency plans 20 developed as part of the original mitigation plan shall apply but may be modified 21 to address a specific deviation or failure. Contingency plan measures shall be 22 subject to the monitoring requirement to the same extent as the original mitigation 23 measures.

24 (9) Mitigation Plan. All proposed mitigation components shall be included in the 25 Critical Area Report. In addition to applicable mitigation plan requirements 26 included in Section XX.XX.520 to 560, proposed mitigation components shall 27 include:

28 (a) A description of specific proposed mitigation, including a delineation of 29 critical areas lost and critical areas gained

30 (b) An analysis of avoidance, minimization, reduction, and compensation of 31 impacts to maintain critical area function

32 (c) An analysis of how the proposed mitigation will maintain the critical area 33 function and values

34 (d) A statement of any ongoing monitoring and/or inspection measures and 35 schedule that may be required, including specification of method and 36 frequency of submittal of reports on results to the Coalition

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1 (e) A statement of any required critical area expertise necessary to install, 2 monitor, or inspect the proposed mitigation

3 (f) A listing of any other security required to ensure performance and/or 4 maintenance of the proposed mitigation

5 (g) The Shoreline Administrator shall make the final determination regarding 6 required mitigation. Required mitigation shall be included in an approved 7 mitigation plan.

8 (10) Buffers

9 (a) As described in more detail in each relevant section, buffers have, in some 10 cases, been determined to be necessary and appropriate to protect critical 11 areas and their functions or to prevent risk from a critical area hazard. In 12 those sections where specific buffers are identified, those buffers are 13 deemed “required” or “standard” buffers. See Section XX.XX.560 (6) and 14 Table XX XX.210 (2-4) for riparian buffers, and SMP XX.XX.520 for 15 wetland buffers. If a project or activity does not propose any alteration to 16 those buffers or to the associated critical area, then additional mitigation 17 will not be required to protect the critical area.

18 (b) If, however, based on unique features of the particular critical area or its 19 buffer or of the proposed development, the Shoreline Administrator 20 determines that additional buffers and/or mitigation measures beyond 21 these standard buffers are necessary to adequately protect the function of 22 the critical area or to prevent risk of a hazard from the critical area, the 23 Shoreline Administrator may impose such additional mitigation 24 requirements, provided the Shoreline Administrator can demonstrate, 25 based on the most current, accurate, and complete scientific or technical 26 information available, why that additional mitigation or buffering is 27 required to adequately protect the critical area function or to prevent a 28 hazard from a critical area.

29 (c) If portions of a parcel that contain a proposed development activity have 30 not had their critical areas and associated buffers delineated because they 31 were outside the project or area affected by the project, pursuant to 32 Section XX.XX.500(6) and (7), General Review Process and Critical Area 33 Report Requirements, then additional critical area assessments may be 34 required in the future prior to any change in use or development activity 35 for that portion of the site.

36 (d) Further, if the applicant seeks a variance to reduce these buffers or to alter 37 the critical area or its required buffer, then the applicant shall demonstrate, 38 based on the most current, accurate, and complete scientific or technical 39 information available, why such buffer and/or critical area modification, 40 together with such alternative mitigation proposed in the Critical Area

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1 Report, is sufficient to achieve no net loss of critical area function. If 2 necessary, variances shall provide for long-term buffer protection. 3 Variance requests shall be reviewed pursuant to Section XX.XX.760, 4 Shoreline Variance.

5 (e) The Critical Area Report and the conditions of approval shall provide for 6 long-term buffer protection. Regarding land division, critical areas and 7 their associated buffers may be placed in separate tracts to be owned by all 8 lot owners in common, by a homeowners’ association, or some other 9 separate legal entity such as a land trust. However, critical areas and/or 10 buffers identified and defined in this section do not require any provisions 11 for public access, and appropriate restrictions may be included in the 12 easement or title documents. Critical areas and/or buffers identified are, 13 however, subject to periodic inspection by the Shoreline Administrator, 14 upon prior notification to the landowner, to ensure long-term protection.

15 (11) Mitigation Security

16 (a) The Shoreline Administrator shall have the discretion to withhold issuance 17 of a development permit or approval until required mitigation has been 18 completed. Alternatively, the Shoreline Administrator may require a 19 refundable cash payment that will ensure compliance with the approved 20 mitigation plan if there will be activity (e.g., monitoring or maintenance) 21 or construction to take place after the issuance of the shoreline permit or 22 other approval. The amount of the cash payment shall not exceed 150% of 23 the estimated cost of the uncompleted actions or construction as 24 determined by the Shoreline Administrator. When the Shoreline 25 Administrator determines that the mitigation plan has been successfully 26 completed, the cash payment shall be refunded to the applicant. If the 27 mitigation plan is not successfully completed, the Coalition shall be 28 entitled to keep all or part of the cash payment to the extent necessary to 29 rectify the deficiencies regarding the completion of the mitigation plan.

30 (12) Protection of Designated Critical Areas

31 (a) Identification and Recording of Critical Areas. Approval of development 32 projects and other land-use activities that require a Critical Area Report 33 pursuant to Sections XX.XX.500 (6) and (7), General Review Process and 34 Critical Area Report Requirements, shall be subject to the identification 35 and designation of all critical areas and their buffers identified in the 36 assessment process. Each critical area shall be clearly defined and labeled 37 to show calculated area and type and/or class of critical area within each 38 lot. The Shoreline Administrator shall require of the applicant that such 39 designated critical areas be recorded on the final plat map or site plan, 40 clearly showing the locations of critical areas, existing vegetation, and 41 buffers.

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1 (i) Construction Marking. During construction, clearly visible, 2 temporary marking, such as flagging and staking, shall be installed 3 and maintained along the outer limits of the proposed site 4 disturbance outside of the critical area. Such field markings may 5 be field-approved by the Shoreline Administrator prior to the 6 commencement of permitted activities. Markings shall be 7 maintained throughout the duration of any construction activities.

8 (ii) Mitigation Signing and Fencing. The Shoreline Administrator may 9 require permanent signing and/or fencing where it is determined a 10 necessary component of a mitigation plan. The intent of this 11 subsection is to provide clear and sufficient notice, identification, 12 and protection of critical areas on-site where damage to a critical 13 area or buffer by humans or livestock is probable due to the 14 proximity of the adjacent activity.

15 (iii) Sign, Marker, and Fence Maintenance. It shall be the 16 responsibility of the landowner to maintain, including replacement 17 of, the markers, signs, and fences required under this section in 18 working order throughout the duration of the development project 19 or land-use activity. Removal of required markers, signs, and 20 fences without written approval of the Shoreline Administrator 21 shall be considered a violation of this section.

22

23 XX.XX.520 Wetlands

24 (1) Purpose

25 (a) The purpose of this section is to promote public health and welfare by 26 instituting local measures to preserve naturally occurring wetlands that 27 exist in the Coalition’s shoreline jurisdiction for their associated value. 28 These areas may serve a variety of vital functions, including, but not 29 limited to, hydrologic functions, flood storage and conveyance, water 30 quality protection, recharge and discharge areas for groundwater, erosion 31 control, sediment control, fish and wildlife habitat, recreation, education, 32 and scientific research.

33 (2) Classification and Designation

34 (a) Wetlands shall be identified and delineated using the methods and 35 standards set forth in the currently approved 1987 USACE Federal 36 Wetlands Delineation Manual, as amended, and its regional applicable 37 regional supplements, as amended. (The Arid West Final Regional 38 Supplement was last updated in 2008 at the time of SMP adoption).

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1 (b) Classification and rating of wetlands will be done using the Washington 2 State Wetlands Rating System for Eastern Washington, Ecology 3 Publication #14-06-030 (October 2014), as amended. The most current 4 copy of this document should be used in classifying wetlands and 5 developing wetland mitigation plans.

6 (c) The following wetlands within the Coalition’s shoreline jurisdiction may 7 not be further regulated by this section:

8 (i) Areas that may meet the definition of “artificial wetlands” as 9 described herein that are managed and owned by the U.S. Bureau 10 of Reclamation.

11 (ii) Wetland areas identified on the National Wetland Inventory maps 12 with an artificial designation when it can be shown that the area(s) 13 noted was (were) intentionally created from a non-wetland site.

14 (3) Determination Process

15 (a) The following progressive steps will occur upon a determination by the 16 Coalition, per Sections XX.XX.500 (6) and (7), General Review Process 17 and Critical Area Report Requirements, that a wetland area may exist on a 18 site proposed for a shoreline permit.

19 (i) The Shoreline Administrator will determine if the proposed 20 activity is within an Area of Project Review and if there are any 21 possible wetland areas on-site. This determination shall be made 22 following a review of information available, as well as a site 23 inspection and/or a consultation with a qualified wetland biologist, 24 if deemed necessary by the Coalition. If no wetland area is 25 determined to be present, this section shall not apply to the review 26 of the proposed development, unless wetlands are discovered to be 27 present during project development.

28 (A) If it is determined by the Shoreline Administrator that 29 wetland areas may be present, a site inspection and 30 consultation with a qualified wetland biologist shall be 31 conducted to more definitively determine if a wetland area 32 exists on the site. If yes, the applicant shall complete a 33 Critical Area Report consistent with Section XX.XX.500 34 (7), Critical Area Report Requirements, and 35 Section XX.XX.520 (4) and conduct a wetland delineation 36 using the approved Federal Wetlands Delineation Manual 37 and applicable regional supplement and the 2008 USACE 38 Arid West Supplement to the 1987 Wetlands Delineation 39 Manual.

40 (4) Critical Area Report/Wetland Management and Mitigation Plan

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1 (a) As determined necessary, provided for in this section, a wetland 2 management and mitigation plan shall be required when impacts to a 3 wetland are unavoidable during project development.

4 (b) Wetland management and mitigation plans shall be prepared by a qualified 5 professional as described in Section XX.XX.860, Definitions, and be 6 prepared per Section XX.XX.510 (9) in addition to the requirements 7 included in this section.

8 (c) The following guidance documents are encouraged to be used in 9 mitigation planning documents:

10 (i) Wetland Mitigation in Washington State, Part 1: Agency Policies 11 and Guidance (Version 1, Publication #06-06-011a, March 2006)

12 (ii) Wetland Mitigation in Washington State, Part 2: Developing 13 Mitigation Plans (Version 1, Publication #06-06-011b, March 14 2006)

15 (d) The wetland management and mitigation plan shall demonstrate, when 16 implemented, that there shall be no net loss of the ecological function and 17 values or acreage of the wetland.

18 (e) The wetland management and mitigation plan shall identify how impacts 19 from the proposed project shall be mitigated, as well as the necessary 20 monitoring and contingency actions for the continued maintenance of the 21 wetland and its associated buffer. See Section XX.XX.510 for General 22 Mitigation Requirements. Monitoring shall be for a period necessary to 23 establish that performance standards have been met. Generally, plans 24 shall include a 5-year monitoring plan unless a longer timeline is required 25 during the review process. Forested or scrub-shrub communities shall 26 include an 8-year monitoring plan unless a longer time is established 27 during the review process.

28 (f) The wetland management and mitigation plan shall be developed to be 29 consistent with Section XX.XX.510, General Mitigation Requirements, 30 and contain a report that includes, but is not limited to, the following 31 information:

32 (i) Location maps, regional 1:24,000 and local 1:4,800.

33 (ii) A map or maps indicating the boundary delineation of the wetland; 34 the width and length of all existing and proposed structures, 35 utilities, roads, and easements; wastewater and stormwater 36 facilities; adjacent land uses, zoning districts, and comprehensive 37 plan designations.

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1 (iii) A description of the proposed project, such as the nature, density, 2 and intensity of the proposed development and the associated 3 grading, structures, utilities, and stormwater facilities, in sufficient 4 detail to allow analysis of such land-use change upon the identified 5 wetland.

6 (iv) A detailed description of vegetative, faunal, and hydrologic 7 conditions, soil and substrate characteristics, and topographic 8 features within and surrounding the wetland.

9 (v) A detailed description of vegetative, faunal and hydrologic 10 conditions, soil and substrate characteristics, and topographic 11 features within any compensation site.

12 (vi) A detailed description of the proposed project’s effect on the 13 wetland and the associated hydrology, and a discussion of any 14 federal, state, or local management recommendations that have 15 been developed for the area.

16 (vii) A discussion of the following mitigation alternatives as they relate 17 to the proposal. The mitigation alternatives shall be proposed in a 18 manner that considers the sequence of steps per 19 Section XX.XX.230, Environmental Protection, to avoid or 20 minimize significant adverse effects and significant ecological 21 impacts.

22 (viii) A plan by the applicant that explains how any adverse impacts 23 created by the proposed development will be mitigated, including, 24 without limitation, the following techniques:

25 (A) Establishment of buffer zones

26 (B) Preservation of critically important plants and trees

27 (C) Limitation of access to the wetland area

28 (D) Seasonal restriction of construction activities

29 (E) Establishment of a monitoring program within the plan

30 (F) Drainage and erosion control techniques

31 (ix) A detailed discussion of ongoing management practices, which 32 will protect the wetland after the project site has been fully 33 developed, including proposed monitoring, contingency, 34 maintenance, and surety programs.

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1 (x) All reports will be provided in an electronic format (word 2 processor) and all geographic entities (e.g., maps) will be provided 3 in a geo-coded format for use in GIS systems (e.g., ArcView, 4 MapInfo, and AutoCAD).

5 (g) Mitigation ratios shall be used when impacts to wetlands cannot be 6 avoided. As identified below, the first number specifies the acreage of 7 replacement wetlands, and the second number specifies the acreage of 8 wetlands altered. The mitigation ratios by wetland type are shown in 9 Table XX.XX.520 (4)(i).

10 (h) Wetlands enhancement as mitigation

11 (i) Impacts to wetlands may be mitigated by enhancement of existing 12 wetlands. Applicants proposing to enhance wetlands must produce 13 a Critical Area Report that identifies how enhancement will 14 increase the functions of the wetland and how this increase will 15 adequately mitigate for the loss of wetland area and function at the 16 impact site. An enhancement proposal must also show if existing 17 wetland functions will be reduced by the enhancement actions.

18 (i) Mitigation Ratios

19 Table XX.XX.520(4)(i). Mitigation Ratios (for Eastern Washington)

Re- Category Re- establishment and Type of Re- establishment or Creation Wetland establishment Rehabilitation or Creation and and Enhancement Impacts or Creation Only1 Rehabilitation1 Enhancement1 Only1

All Category 1:1 R/C and 1:1 R/C and 1.5:1 3:1 6:1 IV 1:1 RH 2:1 E

All Category 1:1 R/C and 1:1 R/C and 2:1 4:1 8:1 III 2:1 RH 4:1 E

All other 1:1 R/C and 1:1 R/C and 3:1 6:1 12:1 Category II 4:1 RH 8:1 E

Category I based on 1:1 R/C and 1:1 R/C and 4:1 8:1 16:1 score for 6:1 RH 12:1 E functions

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Re- Category Re- establishment and Type of Re- establishment or Creation Wetland establishment Rehabilitation or Creation and and Enhancement Impacts or Creation Only1 Rehabilitation1 Enhancement1 Only1

6:1 Category I R/C not R/C not Not considered Rehabilitation of Natural considered considered Case-by-case possible2 a Natural Heritage site possible2 possible2 Heritage site

1 Notes: 2 1. These ratios are based on the assumption that the rehabilitation or enhancement actions implemented 3 represent the average degree of improvement possible for the site. Proposals to implement more 4 effective rehabilitation or enhancement actions may result in a lower ratio, while less effective actions 5 may result in a higher ratio. The distinction between rehabilitation and enhancement is not clear-cut. 6 Instead, rehabilitation and enhancement actions span a continuum. Proposals that fall within the gray 7 area between rehabilitation and enhancement will result in a ratio that lies between the ratios for 8 rehabilitation and the ratios for enhancement. 9 2. Natural Heritage sites, alkali wetlands, and bogs are considered irreplaceable wetlands because they 10 perform some functions that cannot be replaced through compensatory mitigation. Impacts to such 11 wetlands would, therefore, result in a net loss of some functions no matter what kind of compensation is 12 proposed. 13 E = Enhancement 14 R/C = Re-establishment or Creation 15 RH = Rehabilitation 16 17 Reference: 18 Washington State Department of Ecology, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Seattle District, and U.S. 19 Environmental Protection Agency Region 10, March 2006. Wetland Mitigation in Washington State – 20 Part 1: Agency Policies and Guidance (Version 1). Washington State Department of Ecology Publication 21 #06-06-011a. Olympia, Washington. 22

23 (5) Management Recommendation and Standards

24 (a) Wetlands shall be protected based on their quality established from the 25 rating system and from alterations, which may create adverse impacts. 26 The greatest protection shall be provided to Category I and II Wetlands.

27 (b) Alteration shall not mean BMPs for agriculture which, by design, could 28 not be considered a change in land use, including, but not limited to, 29 improved chemical application or practice, which is intended to improve 30 crop production and enhance areas adjacent to wetlands.

31 (c) Activities and construction necessary on an emergency basis to prevent 32 threats to public health and safety may be allowed if reasonable 33 justification warrants cause for a waiver. These activities should avoid 34 impacts to the extent practicable, and mitigation for unavoidable wetland 35 impacts shall be required upon remedy of the emergency.

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1 (d) The Coalition will coordinate wetland preservation strategy and effort 2 with appropriate state and federal agencies and private conservation 3 organizations to take advantage of both technical and financial assistance 4 and to avoid duplication of efforts.

5 (e) Criteria for Wetland Alterations

6 (i) A regulated wetland or its required buffer can only be altered if the 7 wetlands Critical Area Report pursuant to Section XX.XX.520 (4) 8 shows that the proposed alteration does not degrade the 9 quantitative and qualitative functioning of the wetland, or any 10 degradation can be adequately mitigated to protect the wetland 11 function, and maintain no net loss of wetland ecological functions 12 and values as a result of the overall project. Any alteration 13 approved pursuant to this section shall include mitigation 14 necessary to mitigate the impacts of the proposed alteration on the 15 wetland.

16 (f) Wetland buffers widths presume the existence of a relatively intact native 17 vegetation community in the buffer zone adequate to protect the wetland 18 ecological functions and values at the time of the proposed activity. If the 19 vegetation is inadequate, then the buffer width shall be increased or the 20 buffer should be planted to maintain the standard width. Required 21 standard wetland buffers, based on wetland category and land-use 22 intensity, are provided in Table XX.XX.520 (5)(f)(ii), Buffer Widths.

23 (i) The Land Use Intensity Table XX.XX.520 (5)(f)(i) describes the 24 types of proposed land use that can result in high, moderate, and 25 low levels of impacts to adjacent wetlands.

26 Table XX.XX.520 (5)(f)(i). Land Use Intensity Table

Level of Impact from Proposed Change in Land Use Types of Land Use Based on Common Zoning Designations • Commercial • Urban • Industrial High • Institutional • Retail sales • Residential (more than 1 unit/acre) • High-intensity recreation (e.g., golf courses and ball fields)

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Level of Impact from Proposed Change in Land Use Types of Land Use Based on Common Zoning Designations

• Residential (1 unit/acre or less) • Moderate-intensity open space (e.g., parks with biking and jogging) Moderate • Paved driveways and gravel driveways serving three or more residences • Paved trails

• Low-intensity open space (e.g., hiking, bird-watching, and preservation of natural resources) • Timber management Low • Gravel driveways serving two or fewer residences • Unpaved trails • Utility corridor without a maintenance road and little or no vegetation management 1

2 (ii) Buffer widths, based on the types of land use, are provided in 3 Table XX.XX.520 (5)(f)(ii).

4

5 Table XX.XX.520 (5)(f)(ii). Wetland Buffer Widths

Other Measures Buffer Width by Impact of Recommended for Wetland Characteristics Proposed Land Use Protection Category IV Wetlands (For wetlands scoring less than 16 points for all functions) Low – 25 feet Score for all three basic functions is less No recommendations at this Moderate – 40 feet than 16 points time High – 50 feet Category III Wetlands (For wetlands scoring 16 to 18 points or more for all functions) Moderate level of function for habitat Low – 75 feet (score for habitat 5 to 7 points) No recommendations at this Moderate – 110 feet time *If wetland scores 8 to 9 habitat points, High – 150 feet use Category II buffers Low – 40 feet No recommendations at this Score habitat for 3 to 4 points Moderate – 60 feet time High – 80 feet Category II Wetlands (For wetlands scoring 19 to 21 points or more for all functions or having the “Special Characteristics” identified in the rating system) Low – 100 feet High level of function for habitat (score for Maintain connections to other Moderate – 150 feet habitat 8 to 9 points) habitat areas High – 200 feet Low – 75 feet Moderate level of function for habitat No recommendations at this Moderate – 110 feet (score for habitat 5 to 7 points) time High – 150 feet

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Other Measures Buffer Width by Impact of Recommended for Wetland Characteristics Proposed Land Use Protection High level of function for water quality Low – 50 feet improvement and low for habitat (score for No additional surface Moderate – 75 feet water quality 8 to 9 points; habitat less discharges of untreated runoff High – 100 feet than 5 points) Riparian forest wetlands need to be protected at a watershed Buffer width to be based on or subbasin scale; Riparian forest score for habitat functions or water quality functions other protection based on needs to protect habitat and water quality functions Low – 50 feet No recommendations at this Not meeting above characteristic Moderate – 75 feet time High – 100 feet Low – 100 feet Moderate – 150 feet High – 200 feet

Or develop a regional plan to protect the most important No intensive grazing or tilling of Vernal pool vernal pool complexes; buffers wetland of vernal pools outside protection zones can then be reduced to: Low – 40 feet Moderate – 60 feet High – 80 feet Category I Wetlands (For wetlands scoring 22 points or more for all functions or having the “Special Characteristics” identified in the rating system) No additional surface Low – 125 feet discharges to wetland or its Wetlands of High Conservation Value Moderate – 190 feet tributaries; no septic systems High – 250 feet within 300 feet of wetland; restore degraded parts of buffer Low – 100 feet Restore degraded parts of High level of function for habitat (score for Moderate – 150 feet buffer; maintain connections to habitat 8 to 9 points) High – 200 feet other habitat areas Low – 75 feet Moderate level of function for habitat No recommendations at this Moderate – 110 feet (score for habitat 5 to 7 points) time High – 150 feet High level of function for water quality Low – 50 feet No additional surface improvement (8 to 9 points) and low for Moderate – 75 feet discharges of untreated runoff habitat (less than 5 points) High – 100 feet Low – 50 feet No recommendations at this Not meeting above characteristics Moderate – 75 feet time High – 100 feet 1

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1 (g) Wetland buffers shall be retained in their natural conditions unless change 2 is proposed in a portion of a wetland buffer that will have a positive effect 3 on the wetland or adequate mitigation cannot or will not be provided by 4 pre-development conditions. Integrity of the wetland shall be maintained 5 as a function of the buffer.

6 (h) Buffer Averaging

7 (i) Standard buffer widths may be modified by the Shoreline 8 Administrator for an averaging to improve wetland protection 9 when all of the following conditions are met:

10 (A) Buffer averaging is necessary to avoid hardship to the 11 person seeking this option, which is caused by 12 circumstances peculiar to the property, to accomplish the 13 purposes of the proposed development or land-use activity, 14 and no reasonable alternative is available.

15 (B) The wetland contains variation in sensitivity due to existing 16 physical characteristics, as confirmed in a Critical Area 17 Report, and the reduction from standard buffer widths will 18 occur only contiguous to the area of the wetland 19 determined to be least sensitive.

20 (C) The wetland has significant differences in characteristics 21 that affect its habitat functions, such as a wetland with a 22 forested component adjacent to a degraded emergent 23 component, or a “dual-rated” wetland with a Category I 24 area adjacent to a lower rated area.

25 (D) The buffer is increased adjacent to the higher functioning 26 area of habitat or more sensitive portion of the wetland and 27 decreased adjacent to the lower functioning or less sensitive 28 portion.

29 (E) The wetland contains variation in sensitivity due to existing 30 physical characteristics, as confirmed in a Critical Area 31 Report, and the reduction from standard buffer widths will 32 occur only contiguous to the area of the wetland 33 determined to be least sensitive.

34 (F) Buffer width averaging will not adversely impact wetland 35 ecological functions and values.

36 (G) The total area of the buffer after averaging is equal to the 37 area required without averaging.

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1 (H) The buffer at its narrowest point is never less than 3/4 of 2 the required width.

3 (i) Allowed uses in buffers. Low-impact uses and activities, which are 4 consistent with the purpose and function of the habitat buffer and do not 5 detract from its integrity, may be permitted within the buffer depending on 6 the sensitivity of the habitat involved, provided that such activity shall not 7 result in a decrease in wetland ecological functions and values and shall 8 not prevent or inhibit the buffer’s recovery to at least pre-altered condition 9 or function. Examples of uses and activities, which may be permitted in 10 appropriate cases, as long as the activity does not retard the overall 11 recovery of the buffer, include removal of noxious vegetation, pedestrian 12 trails, and viewing platforms.

13 (i) Trails. Public and private trails may be allowed within wetland 14 buffers where they can be demonstrated in a Critical Area Report 15 that the wetland and wetland buffer ecological functions and 16 values will not be degraded by trail construction or use. Trail 17 planning, construction, and maintenance shall adhere to all of the 18 following criteria:

19 (A) Permeable surface trail alignment shall be located only in 20 the outer 25% of a wetland buffer width, except as needed 21 to access viewing platforms or to cross the wetland. 22 Private trails shall be a maximum of 5 feet wide, but public 23 trails may be as wide as 7 feet if they are part of a regional 24 trail network. Trails may be placed on existing levees, 25 railroad grades, or road grades where those features exist in 26 any part of a wetland buffer and may occupy the full width 27 of the levee, railroad grade, or road grade.

28 (B) Trails and associated viewing platforms shall be 29 constructed of pervious materials, unless impervious 30 surfaces are necessary for conformance to the ADA. The 31 trail surface shall meet all other requirements, including 32 water quality standards set forth in the Stormwater 33 Management Manual for Eastern Washington 34 (September 2004) or as revised.

35 (C) Trail alignment shall avoid trees in excess of 6 inches in 36 diameter of any tree trunk at a height of 4.5 feet above the 37 ground on the upslope side of the tree where feasible.

38 (D) Access trails to viewing platforms within the wetland may 39 be provided. Trail access and platforms shall be aligned 40 and constructed to minimize disturbance to valuable

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1 functions of the wetland, or its buffer and other habitat 2 elements, and still provide enjoyment of the resource.

3 (E) Buffer widths shall be increased, where possible, equal to 4 the width of the trail corridor, including disturbed areas.

5 (ii) Utilities. The criteria for alignment, construction, and maintenance 6 within the wetland buffers and Section XX.XX.480, Utilities, shall 7 apply to utility corridors within wetland buffers. In addition, 8 corridors shall not be aligned parallel with any stream channel 9 unless the corridor is outside the buffer, and crossings shall be 10 minimized. Installation shall be accomplished by boring beneath 11 the scour depth and hyporheic zone of the waterbody where 12 feasible. Crossings shall be contained within the existing footprint 13 of an existing or new road or utility crossing where possible. 14 Otherwise, crossings shall be at an angle greater than 60 degrees to 15 the centerline of the channel. The criteria for stream crossings 16 shall also apply.

17 (iii) Stormwater Management Facilities. Stormwater management 18 facilities are limited to stormwater dispersion outfalls and 19 bio-swales. They may be allowed within the outer 25% of the 20 buffer of Category III or IV wetlands only, provided that:

21 (A) No other location is feasible, and

22 (B) The location of such facilities will not degrade the 23 functions or values of the wetland.

24 (iv) Stormwater management facilities are not allowed in buffers of 25 Category I or II wetlands.

26 (j) Activities or uses that would strip the shoreline of vegetative cover, cause 27 substantial erosion or sedimentation, or affect aquatic life should be 28 prohibited.

29 XX.XX.530 Critical Aquifer Recharge Areas

30 (1) Purpose

31 (a) The purpose and intent of this section is to safeguard groundwater 32 resources within the shoreline jurisdiction from hazardous substance and 33 hazardous waste pollution by controlling or abating future pollution from 34 new land uses or activities.

35 (2) Classification. Aquifer recharge areas shall be classified as following:

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1 (a) Wellhead Protection Areas. Wellhead protection areas may be defined by 2 the boundaries of the 10-year time of groundwater travel or boundaries 3 established using alternate criteria approved by the Washington State 4 Department of Health in those settings where groundwater time of travel is 5 not a reasonable delineation criterion, in accordance with WAC 246-290- 6 135.

7 (b) Sole Source Aquifers. Sole source aquifers are areas designated by the 8 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency pursuant to the Federal Safe Water 9 Drinking Act.

10 (c) Susceptible Groundwater Management Areas. Susceptible groundwater 11 management areas have been designated in an adopted groundwater 12 management program developed pursuant to WAC 173-100.

13 (d) Special Protection Areas. Defined pursuant to WAC 173-200-090.

14 (e) Moderately, highly vulnerable, or highly susceptible aquifer recharge 15 areas. Aquifer recharge areas that are moderately, highly vulnerable, or 16 highly susceptible to degradation or depletion due to hydrogeologic 17 characteristics are delineated by a hydrogeologic study prepared in 18 accordance with Ecology guidelines or criteria.

19 (3) Determination Process

20 (a) The following progressive steps will occur upon a determination by the 21 Coalition, per Sections XX.XX.500 (6) and (7), General Review Process 22 and Critical Area Report Requirements, that a critical aquifer recharge 23 area may exist on a site proposed for a shoreline substantial development 24 permit:

25 (i) The Shoreline Administrator will determine if the proposed 26 development activity is within an Area of Project Review.

27 (ii) If it is determined by the Shoreline Administrator that the proposed 28 development activity is within an Area of Project Review, 29 compliance with Sections XX.XX.500 (6) and (7), General Review 30 Process and Critical Area Report Requirement, of this SMP and 31 development of a Critical Area Report is required.

32 (4) Standards. The following standards will apply to development proposals 33 determined to be located within critical aquifer recharge areas, as defined and 34 described herein:

35 (a) Regulated Activities. A site analysis and Critical Area Report is required 36 for uses and activities within shoreline jurisdiction that have the potential 37 to impact aquifer recharge areas.

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1 (b) Activities proposed within an Area of Project Review for Critical Aquifer 2 Recharge, shall comply with local, state, and federal agency requirements 3 for each of the following: connections to sanitary sewer systems; on-site 4 sewage disposal systems; connections to public water supplies; existing 5 and proposed wells; and water rights-related issues.

6 (c) Surface impoundments, defined by WAC 173-303, are not allowed in 7 shoreline jurisdiction.

8 (d) Regulated activities and uses may only be permitted in a critical aquifer 9 recharge area if the applicant can show that the proposed activity will not 10 adversely affect the recharging of the aquifer and that the proposed 11 activity will not cause contaminants to enter the aquifer.

12 (e) Regulated activities must, at a minimum, comply with the water source 13 protection requirements and recommendations of the federal 14 Environmental Protection Agency, Washington State Department of 15 Health, and the local Health Department, as applicable.

16 (f) Activities proposed within a critical aquifer recharge area that have a high 17 potential for contamination are not allowed unless it is demonstrated that 18 no other options are feasible. A hydrogeologic study for these proposed 19 activities shall be required and shall be prepared by a qualified geologist. 20 The study shall focus, at a minimum, on the following:

21 (i) Geologic setting, site location map, topography, and well logs for 22 the surrounding area

23 (ii) Current available data on springs or seeps for the surrounding area

24 (iii) Background water quality data

25 (iv) Water source/supply to facility

26 (v) Depth/location of any perched water tables or geological features 27 that could form perch water tables if recharge is increased

28 (vi) Groundwater flow direction and gradient

29 (vii) An analysis of physical parameters of the aquifer to include:

30 (A) Soil types

31 (B) Hydraulic conductivity

32 (C) Annual recharge

33 (D) Depth to water

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1 (E) Importance of the Vadose Zone based on the geology 2 above the aquifer

3 (viii) Description (both qualitative and quantitative) of the impacts the 4 project will have on surrounding wells

5 (ix) Discussion of the effects of proposed project on groundwater 6 resources

7 (x) Other information required by the Shoreline Administrator in 8 consultation with other agencies of expertise

9 (g) Mitigation measures for groundwater protection may be required. 10 Implementation of protection measures to prevent contamination is 11 required. A qualified professional shall discuss potential mitigation 12 measures if the proposed project should have an adverse impact on 13 groundwater resources.

14 (h) Parks, Schools, and Recreation Facilities. Fertilizer and pesticide 15 management practices of schools, parks, other recreation facilities, and 16 similar uses shall use BMPs as prescribed in Section XX.XX.250 (5).

17 (i) All major and minor developments shall have an informational note placed 18 on the face of plat stating, “This subdivision is located within an aquifer 19 recharge area. BMPs shall be used for the containment of stormwater and 20 the application of pesticides and fertilizers.”

21

22 XX.XX.540 Frequently Flooded Areas

23 (1) Purpose

24 (a) The purpose of this section is to promote the public health, safety, and 25 welfare of the community by recognizing potential hazards that may be 26 caused by development in areas where severe flooding is anticipated to 27 occur. The intent of this section is to assist with minimizing public and 28 private losses due to flood hazards by avoiding development in frequently 29 flooded areas within the shoreline jurisdiction and implementing 30 protective measures contained in the Coalition’s SMP and local Flood 31 Hazard Protection Ordinances, as updated.

32 (2) Classification. Classification of frequently flooded areas, according to FEMA 33 minimum requirements, should include, at a minimum, the 100-year floodplain 34 designations of FEMA and the National Flood Insurance Program. The following 35 categories of frequently flooded areas established for the purpose of classification 36 are:

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1 (a) Floodways. The channel of a stream, plus any adjacent floodplain areas, 2 that must be kept free of encroachment so the base flood can be carried 3 without substantial increases in flood heights.

4 (b) Floodplains. The floodway, special flood hazard areas, and CMZs, as 5 applicable.

6 (c) Special Flood Hazard Areas. The area adjoining the floodway, which is 7 subject to a 1% or greater chance of flooding in any given year and 8 determined by the Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration.

9 (3) Designation. The Area of Project Review for the purposes of this section include 10 all Coalition lands and waters within the shoreline jurisdiction that meet the 11 following criteria:

12 (a) Currently identified as frequently flooded areas by the Federal Insurance 13 & Mitigation Administration in a scientific and engineering report titled 14 the Flood Insurance Study for the respective county, city, or town with 15 accompanying flood insurance rate maps (FIRMs). If and when this study 16 becomes updated to reflect new conditions, designation of frequently 17 flooded areas will include the changes.

18 (b) Within the 100-year floodplain, or having experienced historic flooding or 19 CMZ identified through mapping developed as part of the 2014 SMP 20 update. The CMZ is considered to be that area of a stream channel, which 21 may erode as a result of normal and naturally occurring processes and has 22 been mapped consistent with WAC 173-26-221(3)(b).

23 (4) Determination Process

24 (a) The following progressive steps will occur upon a determination by the 25 Coalition, per Sections XX.XX.500 (6) and (7), General Review Process 26 and Critical Area Report Requirements, that a frequently flooded area may 27 exist on a site proposed for a development permit:

28 (i) The Shoreline Administrator will determine if the proposed 29 development activity is within an Area of Project Review.

30 (ii) If it is determined by the Shoreline Administrator that the proposed 31 development activity is within an Area of Project Review, 32 compliance with the local Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance, as 33 amended, is required. Completion of a Critical Area Report is not 34 required for frequently flooded areas.

35 (5) Management Recommendations and Protection Standards. The following 36 management recommendations and standards will apply to development proposals 37 determined to be located within frequently flooded areas, as defined and described 38 herein:

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1 (a) New development is permitted when sited and designed in a manner that 2 does not alter the direction, velocity, or volume of floodwaters in a manner 3 that adversely impacts other properties within or adjacent to frequently 4 flooded areas.

5 (b) All developments must follow the provisions of the local jurisdiction’s 6 Flood Damage Prevention provisions, as amended and listed below:

7 (i) Asotin County 2009 Flood Damage Prevention Ordinance 8 (Asotin County and City of Clarkston)

9 (ii) Garfield County 2008 Critical Areas Ordinance Section 12.0, 10 Frequently Flooded Areas

11 (iii) Columbia County Code, Chapter 16.20, Flood Damage Prevention 12 (Columbia County and Town of Starbuck)

13 (c) Water quality standards for frequently flooded areas shall correspond with 14 appropriate state and federal standards.

15 (d) CMZs shall be regulated consistent with this section and provisions in 16 Section XX.XXX.270(2).

17

18 XX.XX.550 Geologically Hazardous Areas

19 (1) Purpose

20 (a) The purpose of this section is to reduce the threats to public health and 21 safety posed by geologic hazards within the shoreline jurisdiction. The 22 intent is to reduce incompatible development in areas of significant 23 geologic hazard. Development incompatible with geologic hazards may 24 not only place itself at risk, but also may increase the hazard to 25 surrounding development. Some geologic hazards can be reduced or 26 mitigated by engineering, design, or modified construction or altering 27 mining practices so risks to health and safety are minimized. When 28 technology cannot reduce the risks to acceptable levels, development in 29 the hazard area is best to be avoided.

30 (2) Identification and Designation

31 (a) Geologically Hazardous Areas shall be designated consistent with the 32 definitions provided in WAC 365-190-080(4). Geologically Hazardous 33 Areas shall include all of the following:

34 (i) Erosion hazards

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1 (ii) Landslide hazards

2 (iii) Mine hazards

3 (iv) Seismic hazards

4 (b) Erosion Hazard Areas. Those areas identified as having high or very high 5 water erosion hazard by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural 6 Resources Conservation Service as designated by the Natural Resources 7 Conservation Service local office.

8 (c) Landslide Hazard Areas. Those areas potentially subject to landslides 9 based upon the following combination of geologic, topographic, and 10 hydrologic factors are as follows:

11 (i) Areas of historic failure with all of the following characteristics:

12 (A) Areas having a 30% slope or steeper, a vertical relief of 13 30 feet or more, and soil types identified by the Natural 14 Resource Conservation Service as unstable and prone to 15 landslide hazard

16 (B) Areas designated as quaternary slumps, earthflows, 17 mudflows, lahars, or landslides on maps or technical 18 reports published by USGS, such as topographic or 19 geologic maps, or the Geology and Earth Resources 20 Division of the Washington DNR, or other documents 21 authorized by government agencies.

22 (ii) Areas with all of the following characteristics:

23 (A) A gradient of 15% or greater

24 (B) Hillsides intersecting geologic contacts with a relatively 25 permeable sediment overlying a relatively impermeable 26 sediment or bedrock

27 (C) Springs or groundwater seepage

28 (D) Areas that have shown movement during the Holocene 29 Epoch or which are underlain or covered by mass wastage 30 debris of the epoch

31 (E) Slopes that are parallel or sub-parallel to planes of 32 weakness (such as bedding planes, joint systems, and fault 33 planes) in subsurface materials

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1 (F) Slopes having gradients greater than 80% subject to 2 rockfall during seismic shaking

3 (G) Areas potentially unstable as a result of rapid stream 4 incision and streambank erosion

5 (H) Areas located in a canyon or on an active alluvial fan, 6 presently or potentially subject to inundation by debris 7 flows or catastrophic flooding

8 (I) Any area with a slope of 40% or steeper and with a vertical 9 relief of 10 or more feet, except areas composed of solid 10 rock. A slope is delineated by establishing its toe and top 11 and measured by averaging the inclination over at least 12 10 feet of vertical relief.

13 (d) Mine Hazard Areas. Those areas that fall within 100 horizontal feet of a 14 mine opening at the surface or an area designated as a mine hazard area by 15 the Washington State DNR.

16 (e) Seismic Hazard Areas. Those areas subject to severe risk of damage as a 17 result of earthquake-induced ground shaking, slope failure, settlement, soil 18 liquefaction, or surface faulting, include the following characteristics:

19 (i) Areas described in Section XX.XX.550 (2)(b) and (c) or having a 20 potential for soil liquefaction and soil strength loss during ground 21 shaking.

22 (ii) Areas located on a Holocene fault line identified by USGS 23 investigative maps and studies.

24 (f) Seismic hazards shall be identified in the Washington State DNR seismic 25 hazard susceptibility maps for Eastern Washington and other geologic 26 resources.

27 (3) Mapping of Geologically Hazardous Areas

28 (a) The approximate location and extent of Geologically Hazardous Areas are 29 shown in the adopted critical area maps. The adopted critical area maps 30 include all of the following:

31 (i) USGS landslide hazard, seismic hazard, and volcano hazard maps

32 (ii) DNR slope stability maps

33 (iii) FEMA flood insurance maps

34 (iv) Locally adopted maps

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1 (b) These maps are to be used as a guide for the Coalition, project applicants, 2 and/or property owners, and may be continuously updated as new critical 3 areas are identified. They are a reference and do not provide a final 4 critical area designation.

5 (4) Determination Process

6 (a) Determination of Need for Geologic Hazard Area Report. A Geologic 7 Hazard Area Detailed Study of a geologic hazard area shall be required if 8 the following indicators are present:

9 (i) The project area is listed in the resources in Section XX.XX.550 10 (5) as possessing either a Known or Suspected Risk for erosion, 11 landslide, flood, seismic, or mine hazard.

12 (ii) The project area is listed in the resources in Section XX.XX.550 13 (5) as possessing an Unknown Risk for erosion, landslide, flood, 14 seismic, or mine hazard and any of the following conditions are 15 identified by the applicant or Coalition:

16 (A) A qualified geologist finds that any of the following exist: 17 evidence of past significant events of the hazard in question 18 on or adjacent to the site; the presence of necessary and 19 sufficient factors for events of the hazard in question on or 20 adjacent to the site; or reasonable uncertainty concerning 21 the hazard the potential for significant risk to or from the 22 proposed activity.

23 (B) The Shoreline Administrator possesses a reasonable belief 24 that a geologic hazard may exist. Such reasonable belief 25 shall be supported by a site visit and subsequent 26 consultation with a qualified geologist.

27 (5) Geotechnical Report. The Shoreline Administrator may require a Geotechnical 28 Report prepared by a civil engineer or geologist who is licensed to practice in the 29 State of Washington. The Geotechnical report shall include the following 30 information:

31 (a) A detailed narrative describing the project, including, but not limited to, 32 associated grading and filling, structures, and utilities.

33 (b) Classification of the type of hazard that exists.

34 (c) Site plan that depicts the following information: location of all proposed 35 improvements; height of slope; slope gradient; cross section of the site; 36 location of springs, seeps, or other surface expressions of groundwater; 37 and any evidence of surface or stormwater runoff.

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1 (d) A geotechnical evaluation that includes, at a minimum, a description 2 and/or evaluation of all of the following information:

3 (i) Site location, topography, drainage, and surface waterbodies.

4 (ii) Soils and geologic units underlying the site.

5 (iii) An assessment of the geologic characteristics and engineering 6 properties of the soils, sediments, and/or rock of the subject 7 property and potentially affected adjacent properties. Soil analysis 8 shall be accomplished in accordance with the Unified Soil 9 Classification System.

10 (iv) Determination of height of slope and slope gradient, including 11 slope cross sections.

12 (v) A description of load intensity, including surface and groundwater 13 conditions, public and private sewage disposal systems, fills and 14 excavations, and all structural development.

15 (vi) An estimate of slope stability and the effect construction and 16 placement of structures will have on the slope throughout the 17 estimated life of the structure.

18 (vii) An estimate of the bluff retreat rate, which recognizes and reflects 19 potential catastrophic events such as seismic activity or a 100-year 20 storm event.

21 (viii) An assessment describing the extent and type of vegetation.

22 (ix) A detailed description of the project, its relationship to geologic 23 hazard(s), and its potential impact upon the hazard area, the subject 24 property, and affected adjacent properties.

25 (e) A proposed mitigation plan pursuant to Section XX.XX.510 (9).

26 (f) Qualifications of Qualified Geotechnical Professional. Critical Area 27 Reports prepared pursuant to this section shall be prepared by a 28 professional engineer registered in the State of Washington, trained and 29 qualified to analyze geologic, geotechnical, hydrologic, and groundwater 30 flow systems, or a geologist or geotechnical engineer who has received a 31 degree from an accredited 4-year college or university and who has 32 relevant training and experience in analyzing geologic, geotechnical, 33 hydrologic, and groundwater flow systems. Such qualifications shall be 34 demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Shoreline Administrator.

35 (g) The Shoreline Administrator shall evaluate documentation submitted 36 pursuant to this section and condition permit approvals to minimize risk

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1 on both the subject property and proposed improvements, as well as 2 affected adjacent properties. All conditions on approvals shall be based on 3 known, available, and reasonable methods of prevention, control, and 4 treatment. Evaluation of geotechnical reports may also constitute grounds 5 for denial of the proposal. Any Coalition permits or approvals issued shall 6 contain a statement on the face of the permit notifying the permit recipient 7 that the permit involves work within or adjacent to a geologic hazard 8 and/or its buffer and that the permit recipient assumes the risk and 9 associated liability for such activity.

10 (6) Protection Standards

11 (a) Erosion and Landslide Hazard Areas

12 (i) Grading

13 (A) Clearing, grading, and other construction activities shall not 14 aggravate or result in slope instability or surface sloughing.

15 (B) Undergrowth shall be preserved to the extent practicable.

16 (C) No dead vegetation, fill, or other foreign material shall be 17 placed within a landslide hazard area, other than that 18 approved for bulkheads or other methods of stabilization, 19 unless a geotechnical report shows that the activity will not 20 exacerbate landslide hazards.

21 (D) Ground disturbance shall be minimized to the extent 22 practicable.

23 (ii) Ground Surface Erosion Control Management

24 (A) There shall be minimum disturbance of vegetation in order 25 to minimize erosion and maintain existing stability of 26 hazard areas.

27 (B) Vegetation removal on the slopes of banks between the 28 OHWM and the top of the banks shall be minimized.

29 (C) Vegetation and organic soil material shall be removed from 30 a fill site prior to the placement of clean earthen material.

31 (D) Vegetative cover shall be re-established on any disturbed 32 surface to the extent practicable.

33 (E) To the extent practicable, soil stabilization materials, such 34 as filter fabrics, riprap, and similarly designed materials,

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1 shall be placed on any disturbed surface when future 2 erosion is likely.

3 (iii) Drainage

4 (A) Surface drainage, including downspouts, shall not be 5 directed across the face of a hazard area; if drainage must 6 be discharged from the top of a hazard area to its toe, it 7 shall be collected above the top and directed to the toe by 8 tight line drain and provided with an energy-dissipative 9 device at the toe for discharge to a swale or other 10 acceptable natural drainage areas.

11 (B) Stormwater retention and detention systems, including 12 infiltration systems utilizing buried pipe, may be used if a 13 geotechnical assessment indicates such a system shall not 14 affect slope stability and the system is designed by a 15 licensed civil engineer; the licensed civil engineer shall also 16 certify that the system is installed as designed.

17 (iv) Buffers

18 (A) An undisturbed 30-foot buffer, as measured on the top 19 surface, is required from the top, toe, and along all sides of 20 any existing landslide or erosion hazard areas.

21 (B) Based on the results of a geotechnical assessment, the 22 Shoreline Administrator may increase or decrease the 23 buffer.

24 (C) The buffer shall be clearly staked before any construction 25 or clearing (grading) takes place.

26 (D) Normal non-destructive pruning and trimming of 27 vegetation for maintenance purposes, or thinning of limbs 28 of individual trees to provide a view corridor, shall not be 29 subject to these buffer requirements.

30 (v) Design Guidelines

31 (A) Foundations shall conform to the natural contours of the 32 slope and foundations should be stepped or tiered where 33 possible to conform to existing topography.

34 (B) Roads, walkways, and parking areas shall be designed with 35 low gradients or be parallel to the natural contours of the 36 site.

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1 (C) To the extent practicable, access shall be in the least 2 sensitive area of the site.

3 (D) Structures and improvements shall be clustered to avoid 4 Geologically Hazardous Areas and other critical areas.

5 (E) Structures and improvements shall minimize alterations to 6 the natural contours of the slope, and foundations shall be 7 tiered where possible to conform to existing topography.

8 (F) Structures and improvements shall be located to preserve 9 the most critical portion of the site and its natural landforms 10 and vegetation.

11 (G) The proposed development shall not result in greater risk or 12 a need for increased buffers on neighboring properties.

13 (H) New development that would require structural shoreline 14 stabilization throughout the life of the development is 15 prohibited except when the applicant can demonstrate that 16 stabilization is necessary to protect allowed uses where no 17 alternative locations are available and no net loss of 18 ecological functions will result.

19 (I) The use of a retaining wall that allows the maintenance of 20 existing natural slopes is preferred over graded artificial 21 slopes.

22 (J) Development shall be designed to minimize impervious lot 23 coverage.

24 (K) New development, or the creation of new lots, that would 25 cause foreseeable risk from geological conditions to people 26 or improvements during the life of the development is 27 prohibited.

28 (b) Additional Standards for Erosion and Landslide Hazard Areas

29 (i) No critical facilities shall be constructed or located within an 30 erosion or landslide hazard area.

31 (ii) No new structures shall be located on a permanent foundation 32 within an erosion or landslide hazard area, unless the foundation is 33 located at a distance landward of the OHWM that is greater than or 34 equal to the amount of land that is expected to erode within the 35 next 30 years as determined by the Shoreline Administrator.

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1 (iii) New septic system drainfields in an erosion hazard area shall be 2 located landward of any new structure.

3 (c) Mine Hazard Areas. Development within a mine hazard area is 4 prohibited.

5 (d) Seismic Hazard Areas. Development within areas that meet the 6 classification criteria for seismic hazard areas shall comply with the 7 Uniform Building Code requirements for Seismic Risk Zone 2a.

8 (e) Mitigation. When mitigation is required by this section, a mitigation plan 9 shall be prepared by a Qualified Geotechnical Professional and shall 10 include the following information:

11 (i) A discussion on how the project has been designed to avoid and 12 minimize the impacts to Geologically Hazardous Areas

13 (ii) A recommendation for the minimum building setback from any 14 bluff edge and/or other geologic hazard, based upon the 15 Geotechnical Report

16 (iii) The location and methods of drainage, locations and methods of 17 erosion control, a vegetation management and/or restoration plan, 18 and/or other means for maintaining long-term stability of slopes

19 (iv) Address the potential impact of mitigation on the hazard area, the 20 subject property, and proposed improvements and affected 21 adjacent properties

22 (v) A temporary erosion and sedimentation control plan

23 (vi) A drainage plan for the collection, transport, treatment, and 24 discharge of surface water

25 (vii) Demonstration of compliance with this section

26

27 XX.XX.560 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas

28 (1) Purpose

29 (a) The purpose of this section is to provide a framework to evaluate the 30 development, design, and location of buildings to ensure critical fish and 31 wildlife habitat within the shoreline jurisdiction is preserved and 32 protected, in order to ensure no net loss of ecological function and avoid 33 habitat fragmentation. These regulations seek to protect critical habitat

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1 areas so populations of endangered, threatened, and sensitive species are 2 given consideration during the shoreline development review process.

3 (2) Identification and Designation

4 (a) The following information, data, and resources are used by the Coalition 5 to identify and designate Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas, as 6 defined below.

7 (i) Areas within which federal and/or state-listed threatened or 8 endangered fish or wildlife species exist, or state-sensitive, 9 state-candidate, and state-monitor species have a primary 10 association, and as designated under the Federal Endangered 11 Species Act or within the WAC 232-12 (Priority Species and 12 Habitats). Also see Section XX.XX.500 (5).

13 (ii) Riparian Habitat Areas. For the protection of habitat along rivers, 14 streams, and lakes, the buffer widths provided in 15 Table XX.XX.210 (2-4) apply.

16 (iii) Naturally occurring ponds fewer than 20 acres and their submerged 17 aquatic beds that provide fish or wildlife habitat.

18 (iv) The following important habitat areas, which are not based on use 19 by a specific species, include those areas protected by their 20 conservation ownership or management status, in addition to the 21 protection standards within this section:

22 (A) National wildlife refuges, national monuments, natural area 23 preserves, or any preserve or reserve designated under 24 WAC 332-30-151

25 (B) State natural area preserves or natural resource 26 conservation areas identified by state law and managed by 27 DNR

28 (v) Mapping information sources for identification of Fish and 29 Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas include, but are not limited, 30 to:

31 (A) WDFW Priority Habitat and Species maps

32 (B) Wetlands mapped under the National Wetland Inventory by 33 the U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service

34 (C) WDFW/DNR, Washington Rivers Inventory System maps

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1 (D) Maps and reference documents in the Coalition SMP 2 Inventory, Analysis, and Characterization Report, as 3 applicable

4 (vi) The Coalition allows for the nomination of Species/Habitats of 5 Local Importance. In order to nominate Species/Habitats of Local 6 Importance as candidates for designation within the category of 7 Important Habitat Areas, an individual or organization must:

8 (A) Demonstrate a need for special consideration

9 (B) Propose relevant management strategies considered 10 effective and within the scope of this section

11 (C) Provide species habitat location(s) on a map (scale of 12 1:24,000)

13 (vii) It is recognized that the list of Fish and Wildlife Habitat 14 Conservation Areas (including species and habitats) will change 15 from time to time. Further, the locations of species may also 16 change over time. With this, the Shoreline Administrator will 17 maintain and update, as necessary, a list and mapping data of 18 federal and state threatened, endangered, sensitive, monitoring, and 19 candidate species and habitats for the SE WA region. 20 Coordination with the necessary federal and state agencies will 21 need to occur to obtain the applicable data updates. Restrictions 22 may apply as to the Coalition’s ability to disseminate, both written 23 and mapped sensitive fish and wildlife information, to the general 24 public.

25 (3) Determination Process

26 (a) The Shoreline Administrator will review each development permit 27 application in accordance with Sections XX.XX.500 (6) and (7), General 28 Review Process and Critical Area Report Requirements, of this SMP to 29 determine if the provisions of this section will be applied to the project.

30 (b) In making the determination, the Shoreline Administrator may use any of 31 the inventories or reference maps identified in Section XX.XX.500 (5) and 32 Section XX.XX.560 (4).

33 (c) The following progressive steps will occur upon a determination by the 34 Shoreline Administrator, per Sections XX.XX.500 (6) and (7), General 35 Review Process and Critical Area Report Requirements, that Fish and 36 Wildlife Habitat Conservation Area may exist on a site proposed for a 37 development permit.

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1 (i) The Shoreline Administrator will determine if the proposed 2 development activity is within an Area of Project Review. If the 3 proposal is in or near an Area of Project Review, a site inspection 4 and consultation with federal and/or state wildlife agency 5 personnel or a qualified biologist may be conducted to more 6 definitively determine if a Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation 7 Area exists on the site if deemed necessary by the Coalition.

8 (ii) If it is determined by the Shoreline Administrator that the proposed 9 development activity is within an Area of Project Review, 10 compliance with Sections XX.XX.500 (6) and (7), General Review 11 Process and Critical Area Report Requirements, of this SMP and 12 development of a Critical Area Report is required. If it is 13 determined that the activity is not in an Area of Project Review, 14 this section shall not apply to the review of the proposed permit 15 activity.

16 (4) Fish/Wildlife Habitat Assessment and Identification

17 (a) If it is determined through the process identified herein that a Fish and 18 Wildlife Habitat Conservation Area exists on a site that is the subject of a 19 development permit application, a fish/wildlife habitat boundary survey 20 and evaluation shall be conducted by a professional biologist, as 21 appropriate, who is knowledgeable of fish and wildlife habitat within the 22 region. The fish and wildlife habitat boundary shall be field staked, as 23 necessary, by the biologist and identified on all final plats, maps, and 24 associated documentation.

25 (b) The fish/wildlife habitat boundary and any associated buffer shall be 26 identified on all plats, maps, plans, and specifications submitted for the 27 project.

28 (5) Fish/Wildlife Habitat Management and Mitigation Plan

29 (a) A fish/wildlife habitat management and mitigation plan is required for all 30 proposed developments determined to be within a Fish and Wildlife 31 Habitat Conservation Area.

32 (b) When required, a fish/wildlife habitat management and mitigation plan 33 shall be prepared by a professional biologist who is knowledgeable of fish 34 and wildlife habitat within the region.

35 (c) The fish/wildlife habitat management and mitigation plan shall 36 demonstrate, when implemented, that the net loss of ecological function of 37 habitat requirement is met.

38 (d) Based on the most current scientific and technical information, per 39 Section XX.XX.500 (5), the fish/wildlife habitat management and

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1 mitigation plan shall identify how impacts from the proposed project shall 2 be mitigated, as well as the necessary monitoring and contingency actions 3 for the continued maintenance of the Fish and Wildlife Habitat 4 Conservation Area and any associated buffer.

5 (e) The fish/wildlife habitat management and mitigation plan shall include 6 maps and narrative descriptions that address the mitigation sequencing per 7 Section XX.XX.230 (2).

8 (f) A plan by the applicant that explains how any adverse impacts created by 9 the proposed development will be mitigated, shall include, but not be 10 limited to, the following techniques:

11 (i) Use of any federal, state, or local management recommendations 12 which have been developed for the species or habitats in the area

13 (ii) Application of appropriate and adequate buffers (see 14 Table XX.XX.210 (2-4))

15 (iii) Preservation of critically important plants and trees

16 (iv) Limitation of access to the habitat conservation area

17 (v) Seasonal restriction of construction activities

18 (vi) Establishment of a timetable for periodic review of the plan

19 (g) A detailed discussion of ongoing management practices which will protect 20 the habitat conservation area after the project site has been fully 21 developed, including proposed monitoring, contingency, maintenance, and 22 surety programs.

23 (6) Protection Standards

24 (a) No development permit or approval pursuant to this section shall be 25 granted unless adverse effects to Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation 26 Areas resulting from proposed development activities located within 27 shoreline jurisdiction and within a designated Fish and Wildlife Habitat 28 Conservation Areas are mitigated pursuant to Sections XX.XX.510 and 29 XX.XX.560 (7).

30 (b) Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas shall be protected in 31 accordance with the Shoreline Administrator’s determination of 32 appropriate conditions and site-specific information supplied by the 33 applicant. In making such a determination, the Shoreline Administrator 34 may solicit and consider comments and recommendations provided by 35 Ecology, WDFW, and any Technical Interdisciplinary Team participating

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1 in review for the proposed development. Possible conditions may include 2 the following:

3 (i) Applying buffers

4 (ii) Preservation of critically important vegetation

5 (iii) Limitation of access to the habitat conservation area

6 (iv) Seasonal restriction(s) for construction activities

7 (c) Buffers. Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Area Buffers shall be 8 applied consistent with the methodology provided in paragraph (h) below 9 and standard provided in Table XX.XX.210 (2).

10 (d) Special Provisions – Anadromous Salmonids

11 (i) Activities, uses, and alterations proposed to be located in 12 waterbodies used by anadromous salmonids, or in areas that affect 13 such waterbodies, shall give special consideration to the 14 preservation and enhancement of anadromous salmonid habitat, 15 including, but not limited to, the following:

16 (A) Activities shall be timed to occur only during the allowable 17 work window, as designated by the WDFW.

18 (B) The activity is designed so that it will minimize the 19 degradation of the functions or values of the fish habitat or 20 other critical areas.

21 (C) Any impact on the ecological functions and values of the 22 habitat conservation area are mitigated in accordance with 23 an approved Critical Area Report.

24 (ii) Structures that prevent the migration of anadromous salmonids 25 shall not be allowed in the portion of the waterbodies currently 26 used by salmonids. Fish bypass facilities shall be provided that 27 allow the upstream migration of adult fish and prevent juveniles 28 migrating downstream from being trapped or harmed.

29 (iii) Fills waterward of the OHWM, when authorized, shall minimize 30 the adverse impacts on anadromous salmonids and their habitat, 31 shall mitigate any unavoidable impacts, and shall only be allowed 32 for water-dependent uses or for uses that enable public access or 33 recreation for significant numbers of the public.

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1 (e) Special Provisions – Wildlife. Bald eagle habitat shall be protected 2 pursuant to the Washington State Bald Eagle Protection Rules 3 (WAC 232-12-292).

4 (f) Special Provisions – Wetland Habitats. All proposed activities within or 5 adjacent to habitat conservation areas containing wetlands shall, at a 6 minimum, conform to the wetland development performance standards set 7 forth in Section XX.XX.520, Wetlands, in addition to meeting the habitat 8 conservation area standards in this section.

9 (g) Special Provisions – Riparian Habitat. Unless otherwise allowed in this 10 section, all structures and activities shall be located outside of the riparian 11 habitat buffers.

12 (h) Variable Buffer Widths

13 The methodology for applying a variable buffer approach to determine 14 buffer widths includes the following steps:

15 (i) Determine (approximate) the location of the OHWM or top of 16 bank (as applicable) for the parcel of the proposed development. 17 For this method, the OHWM is assumed to be the area next to the 18 stream channel where the vegetation stops and the rock and cobble 19 of the channel begins, or the top of bank in steep bank conditions, 20 as applicable. Aerial imagery provided to the Counties as part of 21 the dataset developed for the SMP update is the imagery that is to 22 be used to identify the OHWM or top of bank. A site visit, in 23 addition to consulting aerial imagery, is recommended.

24 (ii) Confirm the development proposal is outside of 150 feet of the 25 shoreline approximated OHWM, or outside of established CREP 26 contract or conservation easement. If the development is outside 27 of these boundaries, then no further work to identify riparian areas 28 is required. If a development is proposed within 150 feet of the 29 approximated OHWM, then proceed to Step iii.

30 (iii) Determine the presence of any known or suspected wetland, steep 31 slope areas, CMZs, priority habitat or species mapping, or other 32 potential condition identified next to or along the shoreline 33 adjacent to the proposed development. If yes, then address 34 requirement(s) associated with one or more of these conditions, 35 and apply applicable protection conditions. Is the development 36 still expected to occur within 150 feet of the OHWM? If yes, then 37 go to Step iv. If no, then stop this procedure, as these other 38 requirements are also protective of riparian functions.

39 (iv) Is there a functional break wholly within 150 feet of the OHWM 40 (established road, railroad bed, parking area or other similar

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1 continuous development feature that provides a continuous 2 functional break in the riparian area) that extends along the edge of 3 the proposed development area/parcel between the site 4 development area and the waterbody? If no, proceed to Step v. If 5 yes, then establish the riparian area upland boundary to the 6 waterward edge of the facility maintenance area (disturbed area). 7 Development would need to be located on the landward side of the 8 functional break.

9 (v) Delineate the upland extent of the riparian area as defined above— 10 the area where there is a distinct change in species composition 11 and vegetation structure—using the 2013 aerial imagery (as 12 provided in the GIS dataset provided to each of the Counties as 13 part of the SMP update). Measure directly adjacent and waterward 14 of the proposed development on a horizontal plane from the 15 approximate OHWM to the edge of the riparian area. The line 16 along the edge of the riparian area could be highly variable within 17 a given parcel, as the area where the change in vegetation occurs is 18 based on the underlying topographic elevation and area where the 19 waterbody influences riparian vegetation growth. For example, in 20 some areas, the vegetation could extend out to 150 feet or more 21 and in others it could be much narrower.

22 (vi) Add 15 feet beyond the edge of the riparian area (up to 150 feet) 23 and draw a line delineating the preliminary location of the riparian 24 buffer outer boundary.

25 (vii) Share findings with Ecology for review and comment.

26 (viii) Address Ecology’s comments and come to agreement on the 27 riparian area extent and associated outer riparian buffer boundary.

28 (ix) Condition the development to occur outside the riparian buffer and 29 apply other conditions as applicable, and copy Ecology on the 30 approval with conditions documentation.

31 (x) Additional setbacks for structures or other facilities would be 32 added on to identified buffer width, as applicable.

33 (xi) Buffers in Conjunction with Other Critical Areas. Where other 34 critical areas defined in this section fall within the waterbody 35 buffer, the buffer area shall be the most beneficial of the buffers 36 applicable to any applicable critical area.

37 (i) Administrative Buffer Width Averaging. The required buffer widths 38 established in this SMP may be modified by the Shoreline Administrator 39 for a development on existing legal lots of record in place at the time of

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1 adoption of this SMP, in accordance with the provisions of this section 2 only where the applicant demonstrates all of the following:

3 (i) Averaging is necessary to avoid an extraordinary hardship to the 4 applicant caused by circumstances peculiar to the property.

5 (ii) The designated buffer area contains variations in sensitivity to 6 ecological impacts due to existing physical characteristics or the 7 character of the buffer varies in slope, soils, or vegetation.

8 (iii) The total area contained within the buffer after averaging is no less 9 than that contained within the standard buffer prior to averaging.

10 (iv) The buffer area width is not reduced by more than 25% in any 11 location at its narrowest point.

12 (v) The buffer width averaging does not result in a net loss of 13 ecological function.

14 (j) Shoreline Buffer Reductions. Shoreline buffers may be administratively 15 modified as outlined below:

16 (i) Where a legally established road or railway, or other type of 17 continuous development, crosses or extends along a shoreline or 18 critical area buffer and is wider than 20 feet, the Shoreline 19 Administrator may approve a modification of the minimum 20 required buffer width to the waterward edge of the improved 21 continuous development, provided the upland side of the 22 continuous development area meets all of the following criteria:

23 (A) Does not provide additional protection of the shoreline 24 waterbody or stream

25 (B) Provides little (less than 20%) to no biological, geological, 26 or hydrological buffer functions relating to the riparian and 27 upland portions of the buffer

28 (ii) Standard Buffer Reduction. Reductions of up to 25% of the 29 standard buffer may be approved if the applicant demonstrates to 30 the satisfaction of the Shoreline Administrator that a mitigation 31 plan developed by a qualified professional pursuant to 32 Section XX.XX.510 (9) indicates that enhancing the buffer (by 33 removing invasive plants or impervious surfaces, planting native 34 vegetation, installing habitat features, or other means) will result in 35 a reduced buffer that functions at a higher level than the standard 36 buffer.

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1 (k) In-fill Development. In an effort to facilitate in-fill development in 2 approved plats, the Coalition may approve requests to reduce the standard 3 shoreline buffers up to a maximum of 50% for a new single-family 4 residence and appurtenant structures in accordance with the following 5 criteria:

6 (i) Where there are single-family residences within 150 feet on either 7 side of the proposed residence in an existing plat, the buffer shall 8 be determined as the greater of one of the following three options:

9 (A) A common line drawn between the nearest corners of the 10 nearest residence,

11 (B) A common line calculated by the average of the nearest 12 residence’s existing buffer, or

13 (C) A 50% reduction of the standard buffer.

14 (ii) Where there is only a residence located within 150 feet on one side 15 of the proposed residence in an existing plat, the standard buffer 16 shall be determined as the greater of one of the following three 17 options:

18 (A) A common line drawn between the nearest corner of the 19 nearest residence and the nearest point of the standard 20 buffer on the adjacent vacant lot,

21 (B) A common line calculated by the average of the nearest 22 residence’s setback and the standard buffer for the adjacent 23 vacant lot, or

24 (C) A 50% reduction of the standard buffer.

25 (l) Proposed developments or land-use activities located within the shoreline 26 jurisdiction and within a designated Habitat Conservation Area shall be 27 reviewed for potential habitat impacts, considering the recommendations 28 provided by Ecology, WDFW, and any Technical Interdisciplinary Team 29 participating in review for the proposed development.

30 (m) Allowed uses in Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas and 31 Riparian Habitat Area Buffers.

32 (i) Roads, Bridges, and Utilities. Road, bridge, and utility 33 maintenance, repair, and construction may be permitted across a 34 Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Area and/or buffers under 35 all of the following conditions:

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1 (A) It is demonstrated to the Shoreline Administrator that there 2 are no alternative routes that can be reasonably used to 3 achieve the proposed development.

4 (B) The activity will have minimum adverse impact to the Fish 5 and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Area.

6 (C) The activity will not significantly degrade surface or 7 groundwater.

8 (D) The intrusion into the Fish and Wildlife Habitat 9 Conservation Area and its buffers is fully mitigated to 10 achieve no net loss of ecological functions.

11 (ii) Limited park or recreational access to a Fish and Wildlife Habitat 12 Conservation Area and/or stream buffers, provided that all of the 13 following are satisfied:

14 (A) The access is part of a public park or a recreational resort 15 development that is dependent on the access for its location 16 and recreational function.

17 (B) The access is limited to the minimum necessary to 18 accomplish the recreational function.

19 (C) The intrusion is fully mitigated to achieve no net loss of 20 ecological functions.

21 (iii) Low-impact uses and activities that are consistent with the purpose 22 and function of the stream setback and do not detract from its 23 integrity. Examples of low-impact uses and activities include 24 removal of noxious vegetation and stormwater management 25 facilities such as grass-lined swales.

26 (n) Temporary and permanent erosion and sedimentation controls shall be 27 provided to prevent the introduction of sediments or pollutants to 28 waterbodies or watercourses within the Habitat Conservation Area.

29 (o) Clearing and grading shall be limited to that necessary for establishment 30 of the use or development and shall be conducted to avoid significant 31 adverse impacts and minimize the alteration of the volume, rate, or 32 temperature of freshwater flows to or within the Habitat Conservation 33 Area and any buffer required by this section.

34 (p) The proposed development shall not discharge hazardous substances to the 35 Habitat Conservation Area that would have significant adverse impacts on 36 that area.

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1 (q) Stream flows shall be protected from changes to the normal flow, 2 temperature, turbidity, and discharge to the maximum extent practicable.

3 (r) Septic drainfields and any required replacement drainfield area shall be at 4 least 100 feet from the edge of any Habitat Conservation Area.

5 (s) Exceptions to the above protection standards may be allowed by the 6 Shoreline Administrator based on a special report prepared by a qualified 7 professional that demonstrates that such exception would not adversely 8 impact the habitat system and achieve no net loss of ecological function of 9 the Habitat Conservation Area.

10 (t) Activities may only be permitted in a stream or stream buffer if the 11 applicant can show that the proposed activity will not degrade the 12 ecological functions and values of the stream, stream buffer, or other 13 critical area.

14 (u) Stream Crossings. Stream crossings shall be minimized, but when 15 necessary, they shall conform to the applicable provisions of this SMP and 16 other laws (see WDFW or Ecology).

17 (v) Stormwater Conveyance Facilities. Stormwater conveyance facilities may 18 be permitted, provided that they are only located in the buffer when no 19 practicable alternative exists outside the buffer. Stormwater facilities shall 20 be planted with native plantings where feasible to provide habitat, and/or 21 less intrusive facilities should be used.

22 (w) Floodway-dependent Structures. Floodway-dependent structures or 23 installations may be permitted within streams or their buffers if allowed or 24 approved by other ordinances or other agencies with jurisdiction. See 25 Section XX.XX.540, Frequently Flooded Areas, for more information on 26 allowed uses and activities within flood hazard areas.

27 (x) Trails. The criteria for alignment, construction, and maintenance of trails 28 within wetlands and their buffers shall apply to trails within stream 29 buffers. Outer buffer trails may not exceed 10 feet in width and may be 30 constructed with impermeable surface materials if on-site infiltration is 31 utilized.

32 (y) Utilities. The criteria for alignment, construction, and maintenance within 33 the wetland buffers shall apply to utility corridors within stream buffers. 34 In addition, corridors shall not be aligned parallel with any stream channel 35 unless the corridor is outside the buffer and crossings shall be minimized. 36 Installation shall be accomplished by boring beneath the scour depth and 37 hyporheic zone of the waterbody where feasible. Crossings shall be 38 contained within the existing footprint of an existing or new road or utility 39 crossing where possible. Otherwise, crossings shall be at an angle greater

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1 than 60 degrees to the centerline of the channel. The criteria for stream 2 crossings shall also apply.

3 (z) No net effective impervious surfaces may be created in the outer buffer 4 area beyond what is otherwise permitted.

5 (aa) No structures or related improvements, including buildings or decks, shall 6 be permitted within the stream buffer except as otherwise allowed in 7 Section XX.XX.500, General Provisions, or in this SMP.

8 (7) Vegetation Management Actions. Vegetation management activities are 9 regulated within a riparian habitat area buffer, and some activities are allowed 10 without approval while others require an approved vegetation management plan.

11 (a) Activities that do not require a vegetation management plan and are 12 allowed without a shoreline permit or letter of exemption include:

13 (i) Invasive species/noxious weed control within riparian buffers, if 14 the criteria listed below are met:

15 (A) Hand removal or spraying of plants only;

16 (B) No area-wide vegetation removal/grubbing;

17 (C) Avoid impacts to native vegetation; and

18 (D) Reseed and replant with native plants (see approved list).

19 (ii) Trimming of tree branches located up to 6 feet vertically off the 20 ground.

21 (iii) Removal of hazard trees as necessary due to dead, dying or 22 disease, danger or impacts to property, provided the removed trees 23 are replaced at a 2:1 ratio with species per the attached list. A 24 determination of a hazard tree must be made by a qualified 25 professional.

26 (b) Projects that propose to remove healthy native and non-native vegetation 27 (excluding noxious/invasive species) within a shoreline riparian buffer 28 shall provide a vegetation management plan consistent with requirements 29 in section (7)(a), and meet the following standards:

30 (i) Applicant must demonstrate to the Shoreline Administrator’s 31 satisfaction that the proposed vegetation removal is consistent with 32 No Net Loss and Mitigation Sequencing.

33 (ii) Vegetation shall be replaced per the following:

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1 (A) 1:1 area ratio for herbaceous vegetation;

2 (B) 2:1 stem ratio for shrubs and saplings; and

3 (C) 3:1 ratio for trees greater than 6 inches in diameter at chest 4 height

5 (iii) All removed native vegetation shall be replaced with native 6 vegetation; removed ornamental species or other desirable 7 non-native vegetation may be replaced with similar species;

8 (iv) Approved vegetation removal actions may include the 9 development of:

10 (A) Up to one 20-foot-wide water-view corridor per lot.

11 (B) Access to the water (up to 5 feet wide) for private trails or 12 paths, provided there is associated mitigation implemented 13 to offset impacts on a 2:1 replacement ratio.

14 (C) Access to the water (up to 12 feet wide) for permitted 15 private boat launches, provided there is associated 16 mitigation implemented to offset impacts on a 2:1 17 replacement ratio.

18 (c) Vegetation management plan requirements and standards:

19 (i) The vegetation management plan shall be prepared by a qualified 20 professional (certified arborist, ecologist, licensed landscape 21 architect, or similar professional) submitted for projects.

22 (ii) A vegetation management plan shall be required for activities that 23 propose to remove either of the following anywhere within the 24 riparian buffer:

25 (A) One or more mature, healthy trees greater than 6 inches in 26 diameter at chest height; or

27 (B) More than 10 square feet of native shrubs and/or native 28 ground cover at any one time by clearing, grading, cutting, 29 burning, chemical means, or other activities.

30 (C) None of the above shall be allowed more than once per 31 calendar year

32 (iii) A vegetation management plan shall contain the following:

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1 (A) The distribution of existing plant communities in the area 2 proposed for clearing and/or grading;

3 (B) Areas to be preserved;

4 (C) Areas to be cleared; and

5 (D) Trees to be removed along with species and size.

6 (E) A description of the existing vegetative condition of the site 7 that addresses the following:

8 1. Plant species; 9 2. Plant density; 10 3. Relative health of the plant community; 11 4. Presence and extent of any natural or man-made 12 disturbances; 13 5. Presence of vegetation overhanging the shoreline; and 14 6. The presence and distribution of noxious weeds.

15 (F) A mitigation planting plan showing proposed planting, 16 including the species, distribution, and density of plants.

17 (G) Monitoring and maintenance plans, including performance 18 standards and survivability goals consistent with the 19 requirements of Section 510 (6) and (7).

20 (d) Vegetation Management for Existing Utility Corridors

21 (i) Vegetation management plans for public right-of-way maintenance 22 corridors associated with under- or above-ground utilities are 23 required, and shall be submitted to the Shoreline Administrator, for 24 review and comment prior to vegetation maintenance activities 25 being conducted.

26 (ii) The plan should identify measures to avoid, minimize, and reduce 27 adverse vegetation and habitat effects while allowing maintenance 28 necessary for the utilities to reliably function.

29 (iii) A period of at least 30 days must be provided for the 30 Shoreline Administrator review and comment on the plan prior to 31 maintenance activities beginning.

32

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1 Article VI. Existing Uses, Structures, and Lots

2 XX.XX.600 Applicability

3 (1) All nonconforming uses in shoreline jurisdiction shall be subject to the 4 provisions of this article. For nonconformance of use, structures, and lots 5 within shoreline critical areas, Section XX.XX, Article V, Critical Areas, 6 applies. When there is a conflict between this section and the Critical Areas 7 Section as applicable to critical areas, the more restrictive standards shall apply.

8 (2) The provisions of this section do not supersede or relieve a property owner from 9 compliance with either of the following requirements:

10 (a) International Building and Fire Codes

11 (b) The provisions of the SMP beyond the specific nonconformance addressed 12 by this section.

13 (3) A change in the required permit review process (e.g., Shoreline Substantial 14 Development Permit versus a Shoreline Conditional Use Permit) shall not create 15 a nonconformance.

16 (4) Any nonconformance that is brought into conformance for any period of time 17 shall forfeit status as nonconformance, except as specified in 18 Section XX.XX.610, Nonconforming Uses.

19 (5) A nonconforming lot, use, or structure may be deemed legally nonconforming 20 by providing documentation that the use in question occurred prior to the 21 effective date of this SMP, from one of the following:

22 (a) Local agency permit

23 (b) Orthophotograph, aerial photograph, or planimetric mapping recognized 24 as legitimate by the agency

25 (c) Tax record

26 XX.XX.610 Nonconforming Uses

27 (1) If, at the effective date of the SMP and any later amendment to it, a lawful use 28 of land exists that is made no longer permissible under the terms of this SMP or 29 future amendments to it, such use may be continued as a nonconforming use so 30 long as it remains otherwise lawful subject to the following conditions:

31 (a) No nonconforming use shall be intensified, enlarged, increased, or 32 extended to occupy a greater area of land than was occupied on the 33 effective date of the SMP or amendment that made the use no longer 34 permissible. Provided that a nonconforming use may be enlarged,

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1 increased, or extended in conformance with applicable bulk and 2 dimensional standards of this SMP upon approval of a Shoreline 3 Conditional Use Permit.

4 (b) No nonconforming use shall be moved in whole or in part to any other 5 portion of the lot that contains the nonconforming use.

6 (c) If any nonconforming use of land ceases for any reason for a period of 7 1 year, any subsequent use of such land shall conform to the regulations 8 specified by this SMP for the use environment in which such land is 9 located.

10 (d) A structure, which is being or has been used for a nonconforming use, 11 may be used for a different nonconforming use only upon a finding that all 12 of the following criteria are met:

13 (i) No reasonable alternative conforming use is practical.

14 (ii) The proposed use is equally or more appropriate to the shoreline 15 environment than the existing nonconforming use and is at least as 16 consistent with the policies and provisions of the SMA and the 17 SMP.

18 (iii) Such a change of use shall be subject to a Shoreline Conditional 19 Use Permit approval. Conditions may be attached to the permit as 20 are deemed necessary to ensure compliance with the above 21 findings, the requirements of the SMP and the SMA, and to ensure 22 the use will not become a nuisance or a hazard.

23 XX.XX.620 Nonconforming Structures

24 (1) If, at the effective date of the SMP or any amendment thereto, a lawful structure 25 or other improvement exists, which is made no longer permissible under the 26 terms of this SMP or amendment thereto, such structure or other improvement 27 may be continued as a nonconforming structure or other improvement so long 28 as it remains otherwise lawful, subject to the following conditions:

29 (a) No nonconforming structure or other improvement shall be altered or 30 changed in a way that increases its nonconformity except as allowed in 31 Section XX.XX.620 (1)(b).

32 (b) Expansions of structures that are nonconforming with respect to a required 33 shoreline buffer:

34 (i) May not encroach any farther waterward into the required 35 shoreline buffer.

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1 (ii) Expansions parallel to or landward of shoreline may be allowed in 2 the buffer, provided that said enlargement does not increase the 3 extent of other applicable bulk and dimension standard 4 nonconformities by farther encroaching upon or extending into 5 areas where construction or use would not be allowed for new 6 development or uses. Parallel or landward expansion within the 7 shoreline buffer shall restore a portion of the shoreline buffer with 8 riparian vegetation at a 1:1 area ratio to offset the potential adverse 9 impact. When expansions occur upland of an existing levee or 10 other structure that provides an ecological break in buffer 11 functions, the applicant’s Critical Area Report may justify a 12 smaller ratio provided that the study demonstrates no net loss of 13 ecological functions.

14 (c) All expansion, extension, maintenance, or repair activities of 15 nonconforming structures or improvements shall be consistent with all 16 other provisions of this SMP, provided the cumulative cost of such 17 maintenance or repair within any 12-month period shall not exceed 50% 18 of the assessed valuation of such building, structure, or land (as 19 applicable) at the time such maintenance is completed.

20 (d) When damaged, a nonconforming structure may be restored to the 21 configuration existing immediately prior to the time that the structure was 22 damaged, provided that:

23 (i) The structure is damaged to an extent not exceeding 50% of the 24 replacement cost of the original development.

25 (ii) The applicant applies for permits needed to restore the 26 development within 6 months of the date the damage occurred.

27 (iii) Reconstruction is started within 2 years and is completed within 28 3 years of the date of damage, unless an extension of time is 29 granted by the Shoreline Administrator upon written petition 30 substantiating to the satisfaction of the Shoreline Administrator 31 due cause for such extension.

32 (iv) The degree of the nonconforming use, building, or structure is not 33 increased.

34 (e) Nothing in this section will prohibit vertical expansion up to the height 35 allowed in the applicable use environment, provided all other applicable 36 requirements of local development regulations are met.

37 (f) Upkeep, repairs, and maintenance of a nonconforming structure or other 38 improvement shall be permitted.

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1 (2) Should such structure or other improvement be moved for any reason and for 2 any distance, it shall thereafter conform to the regulations for the use 3 environment in which it is located. Conformance shall be required when one of 4 the following situations occurs:

5 (a) A change of use is proposed.

6 (b) The use is terminated or discontinued for more than 1 year, or the 7 structure(s) that houses the use is vacated for more than 1 year.

8 (c) The structure(s) or activity that occurs on the land in which the use is 9 conducted is proposed for relocation.

10 (3) Residential structures and appurtenant structures that were legally established 11 and are used for a conforming use, but that do not meet standards for the 12 following, shall be considered a conforming structure: setbacks, buffers, or 13 yards; area; bulk; height; or density.

14 (4) For purposes of this section, “appurtenant structures” refer to garages, sheds, 15 and other legally established structures. Appurtenant structures do not include 16 bulkheads and other shoreline modifications or overwater structures.

17

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1 Article VII. Administration and Enforcements

2 XX.XX.700 Roles and Responsibilities

3 (1) Shoreline Administrator

4 (a) The Shoreline Administrator for the individual members of the Coalition 5 or his/her designee shall serve as the Shoreline Administrator. The 6 Shoreline Administrator shall issue written Shoreline Exemptions as 7 appropriate and, in the case of a Shoreline Substantial Development 8 Permit, grant or deny the permit. The Shoreline Administrator shall 9 administer the shoreline permit, and notification systems and shall be 10 responsible for coordinating the administration of shoreline regulations 11 with zoning enforcement, building permits, and all other regulations 12 regarding land use and development in the respective jurisdiction.

13 (b) The Shoreline Administrator shall be familiar with regulatory measures 14 pertaining to shorelines and their use, and, within the limits of his or her 15 authority, shall cooperate in the administration of these measures. Permits 16 issued under the provisions of this shoreline regulation shall be 17 coordinated with other applicable land use and development regulatory 18 measures of the respective jurisdiction. The Shoreline Administrator shall 19 establish procedures that advise all parties seeking building permits or 20 other development authorization of the need to consider possible shoreline 21 applications. It is the intent of the Coalition, consistent with regulatory 22 obligations, to simplify and facilitate the processing of Shoreline 23 Substantial Development Permits.

24 (c) The Shoreline Administrator shall ensure proposed regulatory or 25 administrative actions shall be liberally construed in the legal context, 26 which is to give full effect to the objectives and purposes of the SMA and 27 this SMP, as set forth in RCW 90.58.900.

28 (d) The Shoreline Administrator shall ensure proposed regulatory or 29 administrative actions do not unconstitutionally infringe upon private 30 property rights. Shoreline goals and policies should be pursued through 31 the regulation of development of private property only to an extent that is 32 consistent with all relevant constitutional and other legal limitations 33 (where applicable, statutory limitations such as those contained in 34 RCW 82.02 and RCW 43.21C.060) on the regulation of private property.

35 (e) The Shoreline Administrator shall apply Section XX.XX.500, General 36 Provisions, for shoreline critical areas.

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1 (2) Planning Commissions/Asotin County Shoreline Commission (Shoreline 2 Commission)

3 (a) The Planning/Shoreline Commissions are vested with the responsibility to 4 review the SMP as part of regular SMP updates required by 5 RCW 90.58.080 as a major element of the local jurisdiction’s planning 6 and regulatory program and make recommendations for amendments 7 thereof to the County Commissioners, or City or Town Councils, as 8 applicable.

9 (b) The Planning/Shoreline Commissions review Shoreline Variances and 10 Shoreline Conditional Use Permits, following an open-record hearing, and 11 send a recommendation to the County Commission, or City or Town 12 Councils, except as noted in Section XX.XX.700(3) below.

13 (3) Hearing Examiner. For Columbia County, the Hearing Examiner reviews and 14 approves the variance following an open-record hearing.

15 (4) County Commissions/City and Town Councils. The County Commissions, or 16 City or Town Councils are vested with authority to:

17 (a) Initiate an amendment to this SMP according to the procedures prescribed 18 in WAC 173-26-100.

19 (b) Adopt all amendments to this SMP, after consideration of the 20 recommendation of the Planning Commission. Substantive amendments 21 shall become effective immediately upon adoption by Ecology.

22 (c) Approve or deny all Shoreline Variance and Conditional Use Permits 23 forwarded by the Planning Commission pursuant to 24 Section XX.XX.700(2).

25 (d) Conduct appeal of any recommendation of the Planning Commission.

26 (e) Decide on appeals from the administrative decisions issued by the 27 Shoreline Administrator.

28 XX.XX.710 Interpretation

29 (1) Under the administrative provisions, the Shoreline Administrator shall have 30 authority to interpret this SMP, when such interpretation is clearly consistent 31 with the goals and policies of this SMP and the SMA.

32 (2) The Shoreline Administrator shall consult with Ecology if formal written 33 interpretations are developed as a result of a lack of clear guidance in the SMA, 34 the SMP Guidelines, or this SMP to ensure any are consistent with the purpose 35 and intent of RCW 90.58 and WAC 173-26.

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1 XX.XX.720 Statutory Noticing Requirements

2 (1) At a minimum, the Shoreline Administrator shall provide notice in accordance 3 with WAC 173.27-110 and may provide for additional noticing requirements.

4 XX.XX.730 Application Requirements

5 (1) A complete application for a Shoreline Substantial Development, Shoreline 6 Conditional Use, or Shoreline Variance shall contain, at a minimum, the 7 information listed in WAC 173-27-180.

8 (2) The Shoreline Administrator shall provide written informational materials, 9 procedures, instructions, and forms required to submit an application for a 10 Shoreline Substantial Development Permit, Shoreline Variance, or Conditional 11 Use Permit.

12 (3) These materials should include: a plan coversheet, a Joint Aquatic Resource 13 Permits Application (JARPA) form, SEPA checklist, fee schedule, review 14 criteria, and the process and timelines to assist potential applicants and 15 interested parties on the permit application submittal and review process.

16 (4) The Shoreline Administrator may vary or waive these requirements according to 17 administrative application requirements on a case-by-case basis.

18 (5) The Shoreline Administrator may require additional specific information 19 depending on the nature of the proposal and the presence of sensitive ecological 20 features or issues related to compliance with other applicable requirements and 21 the provisions of this SMP.

22 XX.XX.740 Shoreline Substantial Development Permits

23 (1) A Shoreline Substantial Development Permit shall be required for all 24 development on shorelines, unless the proposal is specifically exempted from 25 the requirement for this permit as set forth in Section XX.XX.770. Shoreline 26 Substantial Development permits shall be processed as an administrative permit.

27 (2) Shoreline Administrator shall review Substantial Development Permit 28 applications, as required in Section XX.XX.730, and approve or deny the 29 permit.

30 (3) Shoreline Administrator shall provide notice in accordance with 31 WAC 173.27-110 and may provide additional notice, according to local 32 noticing requirements.

33 (4) A Shoreline Substantial Development Permit shall be granted only when the 34 development proposed is consistent with all of the following:

35 (a) The policies and procedures of the Act, RCW 90.58

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1 (b) The applicable provisions of WAC 173-27

2 (c) This SMP

3 (5) The Shoreline Administrator may attach conditions to the approval of permits as 4 necessary to ensure consistency of the project with the SMA and this SMP.

5 (6) Nothing shall interfere with the Shoreline Administrator’s ability to require 6 compliance with all other applicable plans and laws.

7 XX.XX.750 Shoreline Conditional Use Permits

8 (1) Uses specifically classified or set forth in this SMP as conditional uses shall be 9 subject to review and condition by the Shoreline Administrator and/or Asotin 10 County Shoreline Commission, as applicable, and by Ecology. 11 Planning/Shoreline Commission reviews Shoreline Conditional Use Permits, 12 following an open-record hearing, and sends a recommendation to the County 13 Commission or City/Town Council. Applications for a Shoreline Conditional 14 Use Permit shall be processed by the Shoreline Administrator pursuant to 15 Columbia County Code 18.80 for Columbia County and the Town of Starbuck. 16 For Garfield County, applications for a Shoreline Conditional Use Permit shall 17 be reviewed by the Planning Commission.

18 (2) Other uses that are not classified or listed or set forth in this SMP may be 19 authorized as conditional uses provided the applicant can demonstrate 20 consistency with the requirements of this section and the requirements for 21 conditional uses contained in this SMP.

22 (3) Uses that are specifically prohibited by this SMP may not be authorized as a 23 conditional use.

24 (4) Review Criteria for SCUP. Uses that are classified or set forth in the applicable 25 SMP as conditional uses may be authorized provided that the applicant 26 demonstrates all of the following:

27 (a) The proposed use is consistent with the policies of RCW 90.58.020 and 28 the SMP.

29 (b) The proposed use will not interfere with the normal public use of public 30 shorelines.

31 (c) The proposed use of the site and design of the project is compatible with 32 other authorized uses within the area and with uses planned for the area 33 under the comprehensive plan and SMP.

34 (d) The proposed use will cause no significant adverse effects to the shoreline 35 environment in which it is to be located.

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1 (e) The public interest suffers no substantial detrimental effect.

2 (5) In the granting of all Conditional Use Permits, consideration shall be given to 3 the cumulative impact of additional requests for like actions in the area. For 4 example, if Conditional Use Permits were granted for other developments in the 5 area where similar circumstances exist, the total of the conditional uses shall 6 also remain consistent with the policies of RCW 90.58.020 and shall not 7 produce substantial adverse effects to the shoreline environment.

8 (6) In authorizing a conditional use, special conditions may be attached to the 9 permit by the Shoreline Administrator or Ecology to prevent undesirable effects 10 of the proposed use and/or to ensure consistency of the project with the SMA 11 and this SMP.

12 (7) Nothing shall interfere with the Shoreline Administrator's ability to require 13 compliance with all other applicable plans and laws.

14 XX.XX.760 Shoreline Variance

15 (1) The purpose of a shoreline variance is to grant relief to specific bulk or 16 dimensional requirements set forth in this SMP where there are extraordinary or 17 unique circumstances relating to the property such that the strict implementation 18 of this SMP would impose unnecessary hardships on the applicant or thwart the 19 policies set forth in RCW 90.58.020. Variances from the use regulations of the 20 SMP are prohibited. Applications for a Shoreline Variance shall be processed 21 by the Planning Commission and/or Asotin County Shoreline Commission, as 22 applicable. Planning/Shoreline Commission reviews Shoreline Variances, 23 following an open-record hearing, and sends recommendations to the County 24 Commission or City/Town Council.

25 (2) Applications for a Shoreline Variance shall be reviewed by the Hearing 26 Examiner pursuant to Columbia County Code 18.05.050 for Columbia County 27 and the Town of Starbuck. For Garfield County, applications for a Shoreline 28 Variance shall be reviewed by the Planning Commission.

29 (3) Review Criteria

30 (a) Variances should be granted in circumstances where denial of the permit 31 would result in a thwarting of the policy enumerated in RCW 90.58.020. 32 In all instances, the applicant must demonstrate that extraordinary 33 circumstances shall be shown and the public interest shall suffer no 34 substantial detrimental effect.

35 (b) Variances for development and/or uses that will be located landward of 36 the OHWM, as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(b), and/or landward of any 37 wetland, as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(h), may be authorized provided 38 the applicant can demonstrate all of the following:

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1 (i) The strict application of the bulk, dimensional, or performance 2 standards set forth in the SMP precludes, or significantly interferes 3 with, reasonable use of the property.

4 (ii) The hardship described in criterion Section XX.XX.760 (3)(b)(i) of 5 this subsection is specifically related to the property and is the 6 result of unique conditions, such as irregular lot shape, size, or 7 natural features, and the application of the SMP, and not, for 8 example, from deed restrictions or the applicant’s own actions.

9 (iii) The design of the project is compatible with other authorized uses 10 within the area and with uses planned for the area under the 11 comprehensive plan and SMP and will not cause adverse impacts 12 on the shoreline environment.

13 (iv) The variance will not constitute a grant of special privilege not 14 enjoyed by the other properties in the area.

15 (v) The variance requested is the minimum necessary to afford relief.

16 (vi) That the public interest will suffer no substantial detrimental effect.

17 (c) Variances for development and/or uses that will be located waterward of 18 the OHWM, as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(b), or within any wetland, 19 as defined in RCW 90.58.030(2)(h), may be authorized provided the 20 applicant can demonstrate all of the following:

21 (i) The strict application of the bulk, dimensional, or performance 22 standards set forth in the applicable SMP precludes all reasonable 23 use of the property.

24 The proposal is consistent with the criteria established under 25 Section XX.XX.760 (3)(b).

26 (ii) That the public rights of navigation and use of the shorelines will 27 not be adversely affected.

28 (d) In the granting of all variances, consideration shall be given to the 29 cumulative impact of additional requests for like actions in the area. For 30 example, if variances were granted to other developments and/or uses in 31 the area where similar circumstances exist, the total of the variances shall 32 also remain consistent with the policies of RCW 90.58.020 and shall not 33 cause substantial adverse effects to the shoreline environment.

34 XX.XX.770 Exemptions from Shoreline Substantial Development Permits

35 (1) An exemption from the Shoreline Substantial Development Permit process is 36 not an exemption from compliance with the SMA or this SMP, or from any

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1 other regulatory requirements. All proposed uses, activities, or development 2 occurring within shoreline jurisdiction must conform to the intent and 3 requirements of RCW 90.58, the SMA, and this SMP, whether or not a permit 4 or other form of authorization is required.

5 (2) Letters of exemption shall be issued by the Shoreline Administrator when an 6 exemption applies or when a letter of exemption is required by the provisions of 7 WAC 173-27-050 and as follows:

8 (a) Any person claiming exemption from the Substantial Development Permit 9 requirements shall make an application to the Shoreline Administrator for 10 such an exemption in the manner prescribed by the Shoreline 11 Administrator, except that no written statement of exemption is required 12 for emergency development pursuant to WAC 173-27-040(2)(d).

13 (b) The Shoreline Administrator is authorized to grant or deny requests for 14 statements of exemption from the Shoreline Substantial Development 15 Permit requirement for uses and developments within shorelines that are 16 specifically listed in Section XX.XX.770 (4). The statement shall be in 17 writing and shall indicate the specific exemption of this SMP that is being 18 applied to the development and shall provide a summary of the Shoreline 19 Administrator’s analysis of the consistency of the project with this SMP 20 and the SMA. The letter shall be sent to the applicant and maintained on 21 file in the offices of the Shoreline Administrator.

22 (c) Letters of exemption may contain conditions and/or mitigating measures 23 of approval to achieve consistency and compliance with the provisions of 24 this SMP and the SMA.

25 (d) A denial of an exemption shall be in writing and shall identify the 26 reason(s) for the denial. The Shoreline Administrator’s decision may be 27 appealed pursuant to Section XX.XX.810, Appeals.

28 (e) Exempt activities requiring a JARPA shall not be conducted until a 29 statement of exemption has been obtained from the Shoreline 30 Administrator.

31 (3) Interpretations of Exemptions

32 (a) Exemptions shall be construed narrowly. Only those developments that 33 meet the precise terms of one or more of the listed exemptions may be 34 granted exemption from the Shoreline Substantial Development Permit 35 process.

36 (b) A development or use that is listed as a conditional use pursuant to this 37 SMP, or is an unlisted use, must obtain a Shoreline Conditional Use 38 Permit even though the development or use does not require a Shoreline 39 Substantial Development Permit. When a development or use is proposed

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1 that does not comply with the bulk, dimensional, and performance 2 standards of this SMP, such development or use can only be authorized by 3 approval of a Shoreline Variance.

4 (c) The burden of proof that a development or use is exempt from the permit 5 process is on the applicant.

6 (d) If any part of a proposed development is not eligible for exemption, then a 7 Shoreline Substantial Development Permit is required for the entire 8 proposed development project.

9 (e) The Shoreline Administrator may attach conditions to the approval of 10 exempted developments and/or uses as necessary to ensure consistency of 11 the project with the SMA and this SMP. Additionally, nothing shall 12 interfere with each responsible local government’s ability to require 13 compliance with all other applicable laws and plans.

14 (4) The Shoreline Administrator shall exempt from the Shoreline Substantial 15 Development Permit requirement the shoreline developments listed below:

16 (a) Any development of which the total cost or fair market value does not 17 exceed $6,416 or as adjusted by the State Office of Financial 18 Management, if such development does not materially interfere with the 19 normal public use of the water or shorelines of the state. For purposes of 20 determining whether or not a permit is required, the total cost or fair 21 market value shall be based on the value of development that is occurring 22 on shorelines of the state as defined in RCW 90.58.030 (2)(c). The total 23 cost or fair market value of the development shall include the fair market 24 value of any donated, contributed, or found labor, as well as equipment or 25 materials.

26 (b) Normal maintenance or repair of existing legally established structures or 27 developments, including damage by accident, fire, or elements. 28 Replacement of a structure or development may be authorized as repair 29 where such replacement is the common method of repair for the type of 30 structure or development, and the replacement structure or development is 31 comparable to the original structure or development, including, but not 32 limited to, its size, shape, configuration, location, and external appearance, 33 and the replacement does not cause substantial adverse effects to shoreline 34 resources or environment.

35 (c) Construction of a normal protective bulkhead common to single-family 36 residences. A “normal protective” bulkhead includes those structural and 37 non-structural developments installed at or near, and parallel to, the 38 OHWM for the sole purpose of protecting an existing single-family 39 residence and appurtenant structures from loss or damage by erosion. A 40 normal protective bulkhead is not exempt if constructed for the purpose of

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1 creating dry land. When a vertical or near vertical wall is being 2 constructed or reconstructed, not more than 1 cubic yard of fill per 1 foot 3 of wall may be used as backfill. When an existing bulkhead is being 4 repaired by construction of a vertical wall fronting the existing wall, it 5 shall be constructed no farther waterward of the existing bulkhead than is 6 necessary for construction of new footings. When a bulkhead has 7 deteriorated such that an OHWM has been established by the presence and 8 action of water landward of the bulkhead, then the replacement bulkhead 9 must be located at or near the actual OHWM. Bioengineered 10 erosion-control projects may be considered a normal protective bulkhead 11 when any structural elements are consistent with the above requirements 12 and when the project has been approved by WDFW.

13 (d) Emergency construction necessary to protect property from damage by the 14 elements. An emergency is an unanticipated and imminent threat to public 15 health, safety, or the environment that requires immediate action within a 16 time too short to allow full compliance with this section. Emergency 17 construction does not include development of new permanent protective 18 structures where none previously existed. Where new protective 19 structures are deemed by the Shoreline Administrator to be the appropriate 20 means to address the emergency situation, and upon abatement of the 21 emergency situation, the new structure shall be removed and any permit 22 that would have been required, absent an emergency, pursuant to RCW 23 90.58 these regulations, or this SMP, shall be obtained. All emergency 24 construction shall be consistent with the policies and requirements of this 25 section, RCW 90.58, and this SMP. As a general matter, flooding or other 26 seasonal events that can be anticipated and may occur but that are not 27 imminent are not an emergency.

28 (i) The following criteria shall exist to qualify any action under an 29 emergency provision:

30 (A) There must be an immediate threat to life, or public or 31 private property, or an immediate threat of serious 32 environmental degradation arising from a natural condition 33 or non-natural accident or incident.

34 (B) The emergency response shall be confined to the action 35 necessary to protect life or property from damage.

36 (C) The scope of the emergency response must be limited to the 37 work necessary to relieve the immediate threat.

38 (D) The emergency response applies only to the period of time 39 in which the actual emergency exists.

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1 (ii) Once the emergency is abated or dissipated as deemed by 2 jurisdictional authorities, compliance with the requirements of this 3 section is required.

4 (iii) Emergency actions shall use reasonable methods that minimize the 5 impact to critical areas and their buffers. Persons who take 6 emergency action shall notify the Shoreline Administrator within 7 1 working day following commencement of the emergency 8 activity. Following such notification, the Shoreline Administrator 9 shall determine if the action taken was within the scope and 10 definition of emergency actions as defined above. If the 11 Shoreline Administrator determines that the action taken or any 12 part of the action taken was beyond the scope and definition of 13 allowed emergency actions, then the enforcement provisions of 14 Section XX.XX.830 Enforcement shall apply.

15 (e) Construction and practices normal or necessary for farming, irrigation, and 16 ranching activities, including agricultural service roads and utilities on 17 shorelands and the construction and maintenance of irrigation structures 18 including, but not limited to, head gates, pumping facilities, and irrigation 19 channels. A feedlot of any size, all processing plants, other activities of a 20 commercial nature, and alteration of the contour of the shorelands by 21 leveling or filling, other than that which results from normal cultivation, 22 shall not be considered normal or necessary farming or ranching activities.

23 (f) Construction or modification of navigational aids such as channel markers 24 and anchor buoys.

25 (g) Construction on shorelands by an owner, lessee, or contract purchaser of a 26 single-family residence or appurtenance for their own use or for the use of 27 their family, which residence does not exceed a height of 35 feet above 28 average grade level and which meets all other local requirements, other 29 than requirements imposed pursuant to RCW 90.58. Construction 30 authorized under this exemption, shall be located landward of the OHWM.

31 (h) Construction of a dock, including a community dock designed for pleasure 32 craft only and for the private non-commercial use of the owner, lessee, or 33 contract purchaser of a single-family or multiple-family residence. This 34 exception applies when the fair market value of the dock does not exceed 35 $10,000, but if subsequent construction having a fair market value 36 exceeding $2,500.00 occurs within 5 years of completion of the prior 37 construction, the subsequent construction shall be considered a substantial 38 development for the purpose of this section.

39 (i) Operation, maintenance, repair, or construction of canals, waterways, 40 drains, reservoirs, or other facilities that now exist or are hereafter created 41 or developed as a part of an irrigation system for the primary purpose of

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1 making use of system waters, including return flow and artificially stored 2 groundwater from the irrigation of lands.

3 (j) The marking of property lines or corners on state-owned lands, when such 4 marking does not significantly interfere with normal public use of the 5 surface of the water.

6 (k) Operation and maintenance of existing and future systems of dikes, drains, 7 or other facilities existing on September 8, 1975 (where water is being 8 drained from irrigation runoff or shallow groundwater levels artificially 9 recharged through irrigation), which are created, developed or used 10 primarily as a part of an agricultural drainage or diking system.

11 (l) Any project with a certification from the governor pursuant to RCW 80.50 12 (certification from the State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council).

13 (m) Site exploration and investigation activities are prerequisite to preparation 14 of an application for development authorization under this section, if:

15 (i) The activity does not interfere with the normal public use of 16 surface waters.

17 (ii) The activity will have no significant adverse impact on the 18 environment, including, but not limited to, fish, wildlife, fish or 19 wildlife habitat, water quality, and aesthetic values.

20 (iii) The activity does not involve the installation of any structure and, 21 upon completion of the activity, the vegetation and land 22 configuration of the site are restored to conditions existing before 23 the activity.

24 (iv) A private entity seeking development authorization under this 25 section first posts a performance bond or provides other evidence 26 of financial responsibility to the local jurisdiction to ensure the site 27 is restored to preexisting conditions.

28 (n) The process of removing or controlling aquatic noxious weeds, as defined 29 in RCW 17.26.020, through the use of an herbicide or other treatment 30 methods applicable to weed control published by the Departments of 31 Agriculture or Ecology jointly with other state agencies under 32 RCW 43.21C.

33 (o) Watershed restoration projects as defined in RCW 89.08.460.

34 (p) A public or private project that is designed to improve fish or wildlife 35 habitat or fish passage when all of the following apply:

36 (i) The project has been approved by WDFW.

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1 (ii) The project has received HPA by WDFW pursuant to RCW 77.55.

2 (iii) The Shoreline Administrator has determined that the project is 3 substantially consistent with the local SMP. The Shoreline 4 Administrator shall make such determination in a timely manner 5 and provide it by letter to the applicant.

6 (iv) Fish habitat enhancement projects that conform to the provisions 7 of RCW 77.55.181 are determined to be consistent with local 8 SMPs.

9 (q) Any person conducting a remedial action at a facility pursuant to a consent 10 decree, order, or agreed order issued pursuant to RCW 70.105D or to 11 Ecology when it conducts a remedial action under RCW 70.105D.

12 (r) Other than conversions to non-forest land use, forest practices regulated 13 under RCW 76.09 are not subject to additional regulations under the SMA 14 or this SMP (90.58.030(2)(d)(ii)).

15 XX.XX.780 Duration of Permits

16 (1) The duration of permits shall be consistent with WAC 173-27-090 as follows:

17 (a) Construction activities shall be commenced or, where no construction 18 activities are involved, the use or activity shall be commenced within 19 2 years of the effective date of a substantial development permit. The 20 Shoreline Administrator may authorize a single extension for a period not 21 to exceed 1 year based on reasonable factors if a request for extension has 22 been filed before the expiration date and notice of the proposed extension 23 is given to parties of record on the substantial development permit and to 24 the department.

25 (b) Authorization to conduct development activities shall terminate 5 years 26 after the effective date of a substantial development permit. However, the 27 Shoreline Administrator may authorize a single extension for a period not 28 to exceed 1 year based on reasonable factors if a request for extension has 29 been filed before the expiration date and notice of the proposed extension 30 is given to parties of record and to the department.

31 XX.XX.790 Initiation of Development

32 (1) Each permit for a Substantial Development, Shoreline Conditional Use, or 33 Shoreline Variance issued by local government shall contain a provision that 34 construction pursuant to the permit shall not begin and is not authorized until 35 21 days from the date of receipt with Ecology as defined in RCW 90.58.140(6) 36 and WAC 173-27-130, or until all review proceedings initiated within 21 days 37 from the date of receipt of the decision. The date of filing for a Substantial 38 Development Permit is the date of actual receipt by Ecology of a local

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1 government’s final decision on the permit. With regard to a permit for a 2 Shoreline Variance or a Shoreline Conditional Use, date of filing means the date 3 a responsible local government or applicant receives the written decision of 4 Ecology. When a Substantial Development Permit and a Conditional Use or 5 Shoreline Variance are required for a development, the submittal on the permits 6 shall be made concurrently.

7 (2) Permits for Substantial Development, Shoreline Conditional use, or Shoreline 8 Variance may be in any form prescribed and used by the Shoreline 9 Administrator, including a combined permit application form. Such forms will 10 be supplied by the Shoreline Administrator.

11 (3) A permit datasheet shall be submitted to Ecology with each shoreline permit. 12 The permit datasheet form shall be consistent with WAC 173-27-990.

13 XX.XX.800 Review Process

14 (1) After local approval of a Shoreline Conditional Use or Variance, the Shoreline 15 Administrator shall submit the permit to Ecology for approval, approval with 16 conditions, or denial. Ecology shall render and transmit to the County, City or 17 Town, and the applicant its final decision approving, approving with conditions, 18 or disapproving the permit within 30 days of the date of submittal by the 19 Shoreline Administrator pursuant to WAC 173-27-110.

20 (2) Ecology shall review the complete file submitted by the Shoreline 21 Administrator on Shoreline Conditional Use or Variances and any other 22 information submitted or available that is relevant to the application. Ecology 23 shall base its determination to approve, approve with conditions, or deny a 24 Conditional Use Permit or Variances on consistency with the policy and 25 provisions of the SMA and except as provided in WAC 173-27-210 and the 26 criteria in WAC 173-27-160 and 173-27-170.

27 (3) The Shoreline Administrator shall provide timely notification of Ecology’s final 28 decision to those interested persons having requested notification from local 29 government pursuant to WAC 173-27-130.

30 XX.XX.810 Appeals

31 (1) Appeals of Shoreline Permit Decisions. The County, City, or Town decisions 32 on shoreline permits may be appealed to the following “bodies” in this 33 sequence:

34 (a) The County Commission, City or Town Council for decisions made by the 35 Shoreline Administrator, and/or the Hearing Examiner (For Columbia 36 County). Decisions made by the County Commission shall be appealed 37 according to Section XX.XX.810(b) through (f) below.

38 (b) State Shorelines Hearings Board (SHB) in Tumwater.

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1 (c) SHB decisions may be appealed to superior court.

2 (d) Superior court decisions may be appealed to the Court of Appeals.

3 (e) Appeals Court decisions may be appealed to the Washington Supreme 4 Court.

5 (f) Appeals to the SHB and courts are governed by RCW 90.58.180, 6 RCW 43.21B.001, RCW 34.05 Part V, and WAC 461.08.

7 (2) All requests for review of any final permit decisions under RCW 90.58 and 8 WAC 173-27 are governed by the procedures established in RCW 90.58.180, 9 WAC 461-08, and the rules of practice and procedure of the SHB.

10 XX.XX.820 Amendments to Permits

11 (1) A permit revision is required whenever the applicant proposes substantive 12 changes to the design, terms, or conditions of a project from that is approved in 13 the permit. Changes are substantive if they materially alter the project in a 14 manner that relates to its conformance to the terms and conditions of the permit, 15 the SMP, and/or the policies and provisions of RCW 90.58. Changes that are 16 not substantive in effect do not require approval of a revision.

17 (2) Revisions to permits shall be considered consistent with WAC 173-27-100.

18 XX.XX.830 Enforcement

19 (1) The SMA provides for a cooperative program between the Coalition members 20 and Ecology to implement and enforce the provisions of the SMA and this 21 SMP. This section provides for a variety of means of enforcement, including 22 civil and criminal penalties, orders to cease and desist, and orders to take 23 corrective action, in accordance with WAC 173-27-270, 173-27-280, 173-27- 24 290, and 173-27-300. The enforcement means and penalties provided herein are 25 not exclusive and may be taken or imposed in conjunction with, or in addition 26 to, any other civil enforcement actions and civil penalties, injunctive or 27 declaratory relief, criminal prosecution, actions to recover civil or criminal 28 penalties, or any other action or sanction authorized by this section, or any other 29 provision of the SMP, or any other provision of state or federal law and 30 regulation.

31 (2) The Shoreline Administrator, with the assistance of the County, City, or Town 32 attorney, shall have authority to commence and prosecute any enforcement 33 action authorized by this section. In determining the appropriate enforcement 34 actions to be commenced and prosecuted, the Shoreline Administrator shall 35 consider all of the following factors:

36 (a) The nature of the violation

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1 (b) The extent of damage or potential future risk to the shoreline environment 2 and its ecological functions or to the public health and safety, caused by or 3 resulting from, whether directly or indirectly, the alleged violation

4 (c) The existence of knowledge, intent, or malice on behalf of the violator

5 (d) The economic benefit or advantage that accrued to the violator(s) as a 6 result of the violation

7 (e) The estimated actions and costs of providing adequate mitigation, 8 restoration, rehabilitation, or enhancement to repair or minimize any 9 substantial adverse impacts upon the shoreline environment and its 10 ecological functions or the public health and safety

11 (3) The Shoreline Administrator may commence and prosecute enforcement action 12 jointly with Ecology. Pursuant to WAC 173-27, Ecology may initiate and 13 prosecute enforcement action separate from the Shoreline Administrator.

14 XX.XX.840 Cumulative Effects of Shoreline Developments

15 (1) The Coalition will periodically evaluate the effectiveness of the SMP update for 16 achieving no net loss of shoreline ecological functions with respect to shoreline 17 permitting and exemptions. At the end of the first full year after adoption, and 18 at the end of every other year thereafter, the Shoreline Administrator shall 19 prepare a report documenting shoreline development permits, conditional 20 permits, and variances, including the exempt use activity approvals and the 21 locations and effects of each by type and classifications. The report should 22 include activities involving development, conservation, restoration, mitigation, 23 and enforcement. It should summarize the net change of developments 24 (including new development and decommissioning of structures and protected 25 areas) using indicators such as linear length of stabilization and flood hazard 26 structures, number of overwater structures (e.g., piers and docks), road length 27 within shoreline, number of waterbody road crossings, number of levees/dikes, 28 acres of impervious surface areas, acres of vegetation, acres of permanently 29 protected areas, or areas with limited development. Compliance and 30 enforcement activity will also be tracked.

31 (2) The Shoreline Administrator, will, to the extent feasible, coordinate with other 32 local government departments or adjacent jurisdictions, as applicable, to assess 33 cumulative effects of shoreline development.

34 XX.XX.850 Amendments to Shoreline Master Program

35 (1) Amendments to the SMP shall be processed as legislative decisions pursuant to 36 WAC 173-26-110.

37 (2) Any locally approved amendments to the SMP will not become effective until 38 approved by Ecology.

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1 XX.XX.860 Definitions

2 (1) “Act” means the Washington State SMA, RCW 90.58.

3 (2) “Active fault” means a fault that is considered likely to undergo renewed 4 movement within a period of concern to humans. Faults are commonly 5 considered to be active if the fault has moved one or more times in the last 6 10,000 years.

7 (3) “Additions” means improvements to an existing building or structure, the cost 8 of which does not exceed 50% of the assessed value of the total structure or 9 result in an increase greater than 25% of the building footprint (up to a 10 maximum of 500 square feet) before the addition is started. Additions must 11 share a common wall (one full side) with the original structure.

12 (4) “Adjacent,” for purposes of applying Article V, Critical Areas, means 13 immediately adjoining (in contact with the boundary of the influence area) or 14 within a distance less than that needed to separate activities from critical areas 15 to ensure protection of the functions and values of the critical areas. Adjacent 16 shall mean any activity or development located:

17 (a) On-site immediately adjoining a critical area, or

18 (b) A distance equal to or less than the required critical area buffer width and 19 building setback.

20 (5) “Agricultural activities” means agricultural uses and practices, including, but 21 not limited to: producing, breeding, or increasing agricultural products; rotating 22 and changing agricultural crops; allowing land used for agricultural activities to 23 lie fallow in which it is plowed and tilled but left unseeded; allowing land used 24 for agricultural activities to lie dormant as a result of adverse agricultural 25 market conditions; allowing land used for agricultural activities to lie dormant 26 because the land is enrolled in a local, state, or federal conservation program, or 27 the land is subject to a conservation easement; conducting agricultural 28 operations; maintaining, repairing, and replacing agricultural equipment; 29 maintaining, repairing, and replacing agricultural facilities, provided that the 30 replacement facility is no closer to the shoreline than the original facility; and 31 maintaining agricultural lands under production or cultivation. Also see 32 definition of “New Agricultural Activities” below.

33 (6) “Agricultural products” includes, but is not limited to: horticultural, viticultural, 34 floricultural, and vegetable, fruit, berry, grain, hops, hay, straw, turf, sod, seed, 35 and apiary products; feed or forage for livestock; Christmas trees; hybrid 36 cottonwood and similar hardwood trees grown as crops and harvested within 37 20 years of planting; and livestock, including both the animals themselves and 38 animal products including, but not limited to, meat, upland finfish, poultry and 39 poultry products, and dairy products.

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1 (7) “Agricultural equipment” includes, but is not limited to, the following items 2 used in agricultural operations:

3 (a) Equipment; machinery; constructed shelters, buildings, and ponds; fences; 4 upland finfish rearing facilities; and water diversion, withdrawal, 5 conveyance, and use equipment and facilities including, but not limited to, 6 pumps, pipes, tapes, canals, ditches, and drains

7 (b) Corridors and facilities for transporting personnel, livestock, and 8 equipment to, from, and within agricultural lands

9 (c) Farm residences and associated equipment, lands, and facilities

10 (d) Roadside stands and on-farm markets for marketing fruit or vegetables.

11 (8) “Agricultural facilities.” See “Agricultural equipment.”

12 (9) “Agricultural land” means those specific land areas on which agriculture 13 activities are conducted as of the date of adoption of a local SMP pursuant to 14 these guidelines as evidenced by aerial photography or other documentation. 15 After the effective date of the SMP, land converted to agricultural use is subject 16 to compliance with the requirements of the SMP.

17 (10) “Alteration” for purposes of applying Article V, Critical Areas, means any 18 human-induced change in an existing condition of a critical area or its buffer. 19 Alterations include grading, filling, dredging, channelizing, clearing 20 (vegetation), applying pesticides, discharging waste, construction, compaction, 21 excavation, modifying for stormwater management, relocating, or other 22 activities that change the existing landform, vegetation, hydrology, wildlife, or 23 habitat value of critical areas.

24 (11) “Amendment” means a revision, update, addition, deletion, and/or reenactment 25 to an existing SMP.

26 (12) “Applicant” means a person who files an application for a permit under this 27 SMP and who is either the owner of the land on which that proposed activity 28 would be located, a contract purchaser, or the authorized agent of such a person.

29 (13) “Approval” means an official action by a local government legislative body 30 agreeing to submit a proposed SMP or amendments to Ecology for review and 31 official action pursuant to this SMP or an official action by Ecology to make a 32 local government SMP effective, thereby incorporating the approved SMP or 33 amendment into the SMP.

34 (14) “Aquaculture” means the culture or farming of fish or other aquatic plants and 35 animals, and includes salmonid acclimation facilities.

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1 (15) “Aquifer recharge area” means an area through which precipitation and surface 2 water infiltrate the soil and are transmitted through rocks and soil to create 3 groundwater storage. They are also areas where an aquifer that is a source of 4 drinking water is vulnerable to contamination that would affect the potability of 5 water.

6 (16) “Area of Project Review” means the area within shoreline jurisdiction 7 surrounding and including one or more critical areas within which activities and 8 developments are subject to the provisions of this SMP.

9 (17) “Area of special flood hazard” means the land in the floodplain within a 10 community subject to a 1% or greater chance of flooding in any given year. 11 Designation on maps always includes the letters A or V.

12 (18) “Assessed value” means assessed valuation shall be as established by the 13 County assessor's office, unless otherwise provided by a market appraisal 14 institute appraisal.

15 (19) “Associated wetlands” are those wetlands that are in proximity to and either 16 influence or are influenced by a stream subject to the SMA.

17 (20) “Average grade level” means the average of the natural or existing topography 18 of the portion of the lot, parcel, or tract of real property, which will be directly 19 under the proposed building or structure. In the case of structures to be built 20 over water, average grade level shall be the elevation of the OHWM. 21 Calculation of the average grade level shall be made by averaging the ground 22 elevations at the midpoint of all exterior walls of the proposed building or 23 structure.

24 (21) “Base flood” means a flood having a 1% chance of being equaled or exceeded 25 in any given year. Also referred to as the “100-year flood.” Designated on 26 FIRMs with the letters A or V.

27 (22) “Base flood elevation” means the water surface elevation of the base flood. It 28 shall be referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988.

29 (23) “Best management practices (BMPs)” means conservation practices or systems 30 of practice and management measures that meet all of the following criteria:

31 (a) Control soil loss and reduce water quality degradation caused by high 32 concentrations of nutrients, animal waste, toxics, and sediment

33 (b) Minimize adverse impacts on surface water and groundwater flow, 34 circulation patterns, and the chemical, physical, and biological 35 characteristics of wetlands

36 (c) Protect trees and vegetation designated to be retained during and following 37 site construction

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1 (d) Provide standards for proper use of chemical herbicides within critical 2 areas

3 (24) “Best Management Practices (BMPs), Agricultural” means systems of practices, 4 schedules of activities, prohibitions, maintenance procedures, and management 5 measures that prevent or minimize adverse impacts to the environment. Such 6 practices may be subject to varying conditions, which include geographical 7 location, weather, soil, or mineral types and conditions, type of crop or 8 livestock, type of mining, and management systems. Generally accepted 9 agricultural BMPs include those practices historically carried out in the region 10 and those practices defined by the State of Washington, Department of 11 Agriculture, recommendations by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and other 12 agricultural organizations.

13 (25) “Biotechnical bank protection” means any combination of techniques 14 employing lithic (naturally occurring geological materials, including angular 15 rock, cobbles and other sediments), soils, woody debris, geotechnical fabrics, 16 and native plant materials employed to stabilize and/or reconstruct stream and 17 riverbanks.

18 (26) “Boating facilities” include boat launches and upland boat storage, marinas, and 19 other boat moorage structures or uses. For the purposes of this SMP, boating 20 facilities excludes docks serving four or fewer single-family residences.

21 (27) “Boat launch” includes graded slopes, slabs, pads, planks, or rails used for 22 launching boats by means of a trailer, hand, or mechanical device.

23 (28) “Breakwater” means an offshore structure whose primary purpose is to protect 24 harbors, moorages, and navigation activity from wave and wind action by 25 creating stillwater areas along shorelines. A secondary purpose is to protect 26 shorelines from wave-caused erosion. Breakwaters are generally built parallel 27 to shorelines, may or may not be connected to land, and may be floating or 28 stationary.

29 (29) “Buffer, Critical Areas,” means an area that provides the margin of safety 30 through protection of slope stability, attenuation of surface water flows and 31 landslide hazards reasonably necessary to minimize risk to the public from loss 32 of life or well-being or property damage resulting from natural disasters, or an 33 area that is an integral part of a stream or wetland ecosystem and provides 34 shading, input of organic debris and coarse sediments, room for variation in 35 stream or wetland boundaries, habitat for wildlife, and protection from harmful 36 intrusion necessary to protect the public from losses suffered when the functions 37 and values of aquatic resources are degraded.

38 (30) “Channel migration zone (CMZ)” means the area along a river within which 39 the channel(s) can be reasonably predicted to migrate over time as a result of 40 natural and normally occurring hydrological and related processes when

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1 considered with the characteristics of the river and its surroundings. (The SMP 2 regulatory CMZ is mapped and on file at each County in the Coalition and the 3 Town of Starbuck.)

4 (31) “Coalition” refers to the counties of Asotin, Columbia, and Garfield, the City of 5 Clarkston; and the Town of Starbuck.

6 (32) “Clearing” means the cutting, killing, grubbing, or removing of vegetation or 7 other organic material by physical, mechanical, chemical, or any other similar 8 means.

9 (33) “Cluster” means a group of three or more significant trees with overlapping or 10 touching crowns.

11 (34) “Community access” means a shoreline access available to a group or 12 community (e.g., homeowners association), which may not be accessible to the 13 general public.

14 (35) “Compensation project” means actions specifically designed to replace project- 15 induced critical area and buffer losses. Compensation project design elements 16 may include land acquisition, planning, construction plans, monitoring, and 17 contingency actions.

18 (36) “Compensatory mitigation” means types of mitigation used to replace project- 19 induced critical areas and buffer losses or impacts.

20 (37) “Critical aquifer recharge area” means those areas that are:

21 (a) Designated as “Wellhead Protection Areas” pursuant to WAC 246-290- 22 135(4) and the groundwater contribution area in WAC 246-291-100 (2)(e). 23 Wellhead Protection Areas shall, for the purpose of this regulation, include 24 the identified recharge areas associated with either Group A public water 25 supply wells and those Group B wells with a wellhead protection plan 26 filed with the local County Health District.

27 (b) Identified in the soil surveys for the counties as having high potential for 28 aquifer recharge, including those soil types identified by the Shoreline 29 Administrator.

30 (38) “Crown” means the area of a tree containing leaf- or needle-bearing branches.

31 (39) “Cultural and historic resources” means buildings, sites, and areas having 32 archaeological, historic, cultural, or scientific value or significance.

33 (40) “Designated floodway” means the regulatory floodway that has been delineated 34 on the County’s FIRM.

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1 (41) “Developable area” means a site or portion of a site that may be used as the 2 location of development, in accordance with the rules of this SMP.

3 (42) “Development” means a use consisting of the construction or exterior alteration 4 of structures; dredging; drilling; dumping; filling; removal of any sand, gravel, 5 or minerals; bulk heading; driving of piling; placing of obstructions; or any 6 project of a permanent or temporary nature, which interferes with the normal 7 public use of the surface of the waters overlying lands subject to the SMA at 8 any stage of water level.

9 (43) “Development permit” means any permit issued by a county, city or town or 10 other authorized agency for construction, land use, or the alteration of land.

11 (44) “Dock” means, as a general term, a structure or group of structures that provides 12 boat moorage or other uses. A dock may be made up of piers (which are 13 structures on fixed piles) and floats (which float on the water’s surface and are 14 typically attached to piles so that they may rise and fall with changes in the 15 water’s elevation).

16 (45) “Ecological functions” or “shoreline functions” means the work performed or 17 role played by the physical, chemical, and biological processes and species that 18 contribute to the maintenance of the aquatic and terrestrial environments that 19 constitute the shoreline’s natural ecosystem.

20 (46) “Ecosystem-wide processes” means the suite of naturally occurring physical and 21 geologic processes of erosion, transport, and deposition and specific chemical 22 processes that shape landforms within a specific shoreline ecosystem and 23 determine both the types of habitat and the associated ecological functions.

24 (47) “Erosion” means the detachment and movement of soil or rock by water, wind, 25 ice, or gravity.

26 (48) “Erosion hazard area” means those areas that, because of natural characteristics, 27 including vegetative cover, soil texture, slope gradient, rainfall patterns, or 28 human-induced changes to such characteristics, are vulnerable to erosion.

29 (49) “Feasible” means, for the purpose of this SMP, that an action, such as a 30 development project, mitigation, or preservation requirement, meets all of the 31 following conditions: (a) the action can be accomplished with technologies and 32 methods that have been used in the past in similar circumstances, or studies or 33 tests have demonstrated in similar circumstances that such approaches are 34 currently available and likely to achieve the intended results; (b) the action 35 provides a reasonable likelihood of achieving its intended purpose; and (c) the 36 action does not physically preclude achieving the project’s primary intended 37 legal use. In cases where these guidelines require certain actions, unless they 38 are infeasible, the burden of proving infeasibility is on the applicant. In 39 determining an action’s infeasibility, the Shoreline Administrator may weigh

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1 the relative public costs and public benefits, considered in a long-term time 2 frame, as required by RCW 90.58.020(3).

3 (50) “Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)” means the agency that 4 oversees the administration of the National Flood Insurance Program (44 CFR).

5 (51) “Fill” means the addition of soil, sand, rock, gravel, sediment, earth-retaining 6 structure, or other material to an area waterward of the OHWM, in wetlands, or 7 on shoreline areas in a manner that raises the elevation or creates dry land.

8 (52) “Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas” means areas necessary for 9 maintaining species in suitable habitats within their natural geographic 10 distribution so that isolated subpopulations are not created as designated by 11 WAC 365-190-080(5). Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation Areas do not 12 include all attributes of shoreline natural character and ecological function as 13 defined in the SMA and this SMP. Fish and Wildlife Habitat Conservation 14 Area” include:

15 (a) Areas within which state and federal endangered and threatened species 16 exist, or state sensitive, candidate, and monitor species have a primary 17 association

18 (b) Priority Habitat and Species Areas identified by the WDFW

19 (c) Habitats and species of local importance that have been designated by the 20 County at the time of application

21 (d) Naturally occurring ponds fewer than 20 acres and their submerged 22 aquatic beds that provide fish or wildlife habitat. These do not include 23 ponds deliberately designed and created from dry sites such as canals, 24 detention facilities, wastewater treatment facilities, farm ponds, temporary 25 construction ponds of less than a 3-year duration, and landscape amenities. 26 Naturally occurring ponds may include those artificial ponds intentionally 27 created from dry areas in order to mitigate conversion of ponds, if 28 permitted by a regulatory authority

29 (e) Waters of the state as defined by WAC 222-16

30 (f) Lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers planted with game fish by a 31 governmental or tribal entity

32 (g) Areas with which anadromous fish species have a primary association

33 (h) State natural area preserves and natural resources conservation areas

34 (53) “Flood” or “flooding” mean a general and temporary condition of partial or 35 complete inundation of normally dry land areas from the overflow of inland

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1 waters and/or the unusual and rapid accumulation of runoff or surface waters 2 from any source.

3 (54) “Flood hazard area” means any area subject to inundation by the base flood or 4 risk from channel migration, including, but not limited to, an aquatic area, 5 wetland, or closed depression.

6 (55) “Flood insurance rate map (FIRM)” means the official map on which the 7 Federal Insurance Administration has delineated both the areas of special flood 8 hazards and the risk premium zones applicable to counties, city, or town.

9 (56) “Flood insurance study” means the official report provided by the Federal 10 Insurance and Mitigation Administration that includes the flood profiles, the 11 FIRM, and the water surface elevation of the base flood (44 CFR Part 59).

12 (57) “Flood protection elevation” means an elevation that is 1 foot or more above the 13 base flood elevation.

14 (58) “Floodplain” is synonymous with 100-year floodplain and means that land area 15 susceptible to inundation with a 1% chance of being equaled or exceeded in any 16 given year. The limit of this area shall be based on flood ordinance regulation 17 maps or a reasonable method which meets the objectives of the SMA.

18 (59) “Floodway” means the area, as identified in a master program, that either: (i) 19 Has been established in federal emergency management agency flood insurance 20 rate maps or floodway maps; or (ii) consists of those portions of a river valley 21 lying streamward from the outer limits of a watercourse upon which flood 22 waters are carried during periods of flooding that occur with reasonable 23 regularity, although not necessarily annually, said floodway being identified, 24 under normal condition, by changes in surface soil conditions or changes in 25 types or quality of vegetative ground cover condition, topography, or other 26 indicators of flooding that occurs with reasonable regularity, although not 27 necessarily annually. Regardless of the method used to identify the floodway, 28 the floodway shall not include those lands that can reasonably be expected to be 29 protected from flood waters by flood control devices maintained by or 30 maintained under license from the federal government, the state, or a political 31 subdivision of the state;

32 (60) “Functions” and “values,” for purposes of applying Article V, Critical Areas, 33 mean the beneficial roles served by critical areas, including, but not limited to, 34 water quality protection and enhancement, fish and wildlife habitat, food chain 35 support, flood storage, conveyance and attenuation, groundwater recharge and 36 discharge, erosion control, and recreation. Functions and values may be 37 considered independently, with functions being measured indicators such as 38 water quality, hydrologic functions, and habitat functions, and values being non- 39 measured indicators such as local importance, potential qualities, or recreational 40 benefits.

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1 (61) “Geologically Hazardous Areas” means areas that, because of their 2 susceptibility to erosion, sliding, earthquake, or other geologic events, are not 3 suited to the siting of commercial, residential, or industrial development 4 consistent with public health or safety concerns. Geologically Hazardous Areas 5 include Erosion Hazards, Landslide Hazards, Mine Hazards, and Seismic 6 Hazards, as defined herein and specified in Section XX.XX.550.

7 (62) “Geotechnical Report” or “geotechnical analysis” means a scientific study or 8 evaluation conducted by a qualified expert that includes a description of the 9 ground and surface hydrology and geology; the affected landform and its 10 susceptibility to mass wasting, erosion, and other geologic hazards or processes; 11 conclusions and recommendations regarding the effect of the proposed 12 development on geologic conditions; the adequacy of the site to be developed; 13 the impacts of the proposed development; alternative approaches to the 14 proposed development; and measures to mitigate potential site-specific and 15 cumulative geological and hydrological impacts of the proposed development, 16 including the potential adverse impacts on adjacent and down-current 17 properties. Geotechnical Reports shall conform to accepted technical standards 18 and must be prepared by qualified professional engineers or geologists who 19 have professional expertise about the regional and local shoreline geology and 20 processes.

21 (63) “Grading” means stripping, cutting, filling, or stockpiling of land, including the 22 land in its cut or filled condition to create new grade.

23 (64) “Groin” means a barrier type of structure extending from the streambank into a 24 waterbody for the purpose of the protection of a shoreline and adjacent uplands 25 by influencing the movement of water or deposition of materials.

26 (65) “Guidelines” means those standards adopted by the department to implement the 27 policy of RCW 90.58 for regulation of use of the shorelines of the state prior to 28 adoption of SMPs. Such standards shall also provide criteria for local 29 governments and the department in developing and amending SMPs.

30 (66) “Hazard areas” means areas designated as frequently flooded or Geologically 31 Hazardous Areas due to potential for erosion, landslide, seismic activity, mine 32 collapse, or other geologically hazardous conditions, including steep slopes.

33 (67) “Hazardous substance(s)” means all of the following:

34 (a) A hazardous substance as defined by Section 101(14) of the 35 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability 36 Act; any substance designated pursuant to Section 311(b)(2)(A) of the 37 Clean Water Act (CWA); any hazardous waste having the characteristics 38 identified under or listed pursuant to Section 3001 of the Solid Waste 39 Disposal Act (but not including any waste the regulation of which under 40 the Solid Waste Disposal Act has been suspended by Act of Congress);

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1 any toxic pollutant listed under Section 307(a) of the CWA; or any 2 imminently hazardous chemical substance or mixture with respect to 3 which the United States Environmental Protection Agency has taken 4 action pursuant to Section 7 of the Toxic Substances Control Act.

5 (b) Hazardous substances that include any liquid, solid, gas, or sludge, 6 including any material, substance, product, commodity, or waste, 7 regardless of quantity, that exhibit any of the physical, chemical, or 8 biological properties described in WAC 173-303-090, 173-303-102, or 9 173-303-103.

10 (68) “High Intensity land use” means land uses consisting of commercial, urban, 11 industrial, institutional, retail, residential with more than 1 unit per acre, 12 agricultural (dairies, nurseries, raising and harvesting crops, requiring annual 13 tilling, and raising and maintaining animals), high-intensity recreation (golf 14 courses, ball fields), and hobby farms.

15 (69) “Heavy equipment” means such construction machinery as backhoes, treaded 16 tractors, dump trucks, and front-end loaders.

17 (70) “Hydraulic project approval (HPA)” means a permit issued by WDFW for 18 modification to waters of the state in accordance with RCW 75.20.

19 (71) “Impervious surface area” means a hard surface area, which either prevents or 20 retards the entry of water into the soil mantle as under natural conditions prior 21 to development. Impervious surface shall also include a hard surface area that 22 causes water to run off the surface in greater quantities or at an increased rate of 23 flow from the flow present under natural conditions prior to development. 24 Common impervious surfaces include rooftops, walkways, patios, driveways, 25 parking lots or storage areas, concrete or asphalt paving, gravel roads with 26 compacted subgrade, packed earthen materials, and oiled, macadam, or other 27 surfaces, which similarly impede the natural infiltration of stormwater. Open, 28 uncovered retention/detention facilities shall not be considered as impervious 29 surfaces.

30 (72) “In-stream structures” function for the impoundment, diversion, or use of water 31 for hydroelectric generation and transmission (including public and private 32 facilities), flood control, irrigation, water supply (domestic and industrial), 33 recreation, or fisheries enhancement.

34 (73) “Invasive, non-native vegetation species” means the plants listed for Eastern 35 Washington in Washington State Noxious Weed Board Publication # 820-264E 36 (N/6/09), the latest version of this document, and any other non-native 37 vegetation, which is not endemic to the SE Washington Coalition ecoregion and 38 which expands into native plant communities (e.g., yellow star-thistle, 39 cheatgrass, and knapweed species).

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1 (74) “Landslide” means down slope movement of a mass of soil, rock, snow, or ice, 2 including, but not limited to, rock falls, slumps, mudflows, debris flows, 3 torrents, earth flows, and snow avalanches.

4 (75) “Landslide hazard areas” means those areas potentially subject to landslides 5 based upon a combination of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic factors.

6 (76) “Live-aboards” means a vessel licensed and designed for use as a mobile 7 structure with adequate self-propulsion and steering equipment to be operated as 8 a vessel, but which is principally used as an over-water residence. Principal use 9 as an over-water residence means essentially full-time occupancy for a total of 10 more than sixty (60) days, whether or not consecutive, in any calendar year.

11 (77) “Low-intensity land use” includes forestry and open space (such as passive 12 recreation and natural resources preservation).

13 (78) “May” means the action is acceptable, provided it conforms to the provisions of 14 this SMP.

15 (79) “Mitigation sequencing” means the process of avoiding, reducing, or 16 compensating for the adverse environmental impact(s) of a proposal, including 17 the following actions, listed in the order of preference, the first being the most 18 preferred:

19 (a) Avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an 20 action

21 (b) Where impact on critical areas or their buffers will not be avoided, 22 demonstrating that the impact meets the criteria for granting a Shoreline 23 Variance or other administratively approved alteration

24 (c) Minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and 25 its implementation by using appropriate technology or by taking 26 affirmative steps to avoid or reduce impacts

27 (d) Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected 28 environment

29 (e) Reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and 30 maintenance operations during the life of the action

31 (f) Compensating for the impact by replacing, enhancing, or providing 32 substitute resources or environments

33 (g) Monitoring the impact and the compensation projects and taking 34 appropriate corrective measures

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1 (80) “Mixed-use” or “Mixed-use development” means a combination of uses within 2 the same building or site as a part of an integrated development project with 3 functional interrelationships and coherent physical design that includes a mix of 4 water-oriented and non-water-oriented uses.

5 (81) “Monitoring” means the collection of data by various methods for the purpose 6 of understanding natural systems and features, evaluating the impact of 7 development proposals on such systems, and/or assessing the performance of 8 mitigation measures imposed as conditions of development.

9 (82) “Must” means a mandate; the action is required.

10 (83) “Native vegetation” means plant species that are indigenous to the region.

11 (84) “New agricultural activities” are activities that meet the definition of 12 agricultural activities but are proposed on land not in agricultural use at the 13 adoption date of this SMP.

14 (85) “New construction” means structures for which the start of construction 15 commenced on or after the effective date of the ordinance codified in this SMP.

16 (86) “Non-water-oriented uses” means those uses that are not water-dependent, 17 water-related, or water-enjoyment.

18 (87) “Normal maintenance” means those usual acts that are necessary to prevent a 19 property’s decline, lapse, or cessation from a lawfully established condition.

20 (88) “Normal repair” means to restore a structure or development to a state 21 comparable to its original condition including, but not limited to, its size, shape, 22 configuration, location, and external appearance, within a reasonable period 23 after decay or partial destruction, except where repair causes substantial adverse 24 impacts on shoreline resources or environment. Replacement of a structure or 25 development may be authorized as repair where such replacement is the 26 common method of repair for the type of structure or development, and the 27 replacement structure or development is comparable to the original structure or 28 development including, but not limited to, its size, shape, configuration, 29 location, and external appearance, and the replacement does not cause 30 substantial adverse impacts on shoreline resources or environment.

31 (89) “Ordinary high water mark (OHWM)” means that mark that will be found by 32 examining the bed and banks and ascertaining where the presence and action of 33 waters are so common and usual, and so long continued in all ordinary years, as 34 to mark upon the soil a character distinct from that of the abutting upland, in 35 respect to vegetation as that condition exists on June 1, 1971, as it may naturally 36 change thereafter in accordance with permits issued by a local government or 37 the department. Where the OHWM cannot be found, it shall be the line of mean 38 high water. For braided streams, the OHWM is found on the banks forming the 39 outer limits of the depression within which the braiding occurs.

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1 (90) “Practical alternative” means an alternative that is available and capable of 2 being carried out after taking into consideration cost, existing technology, and 3 logistics in light of overall project purposes and having less impact on critical 4 areas.

5 (91) “Primitive trail” means an unimproved and unpaved but physically defined 6 pathway for non-motorized movement.

7 (92) “Priority habitat” means a habitat type with unique or significant value to one or 8 more species. An area classified and mapped as priority habitat must have one 9 or more of the following attributes:

10 (i) Comparatively high fish or wildlife density

11 (ii) Comparatively high fish or wildlife species diversity

12 (iii) Fish spawning habitat

13 (iv) Important wildlife habitat

14 (v) Important fish or wildlife seasonal range

15 (vi) Important fish or wildlife movement corridor

16 (vii) Rearing and foraging habitat

17 (viii) Refugia habitat

18 (ix) Limited availability

19 (x) High vulnerability to habitat alteration

20 (xi) Unique or dependent species

21 A priority habitat may be described by a unique vegetation type or by a 22 dominant plant species that is of primary importance to fish and wildlife. 23 A priority habitat may also be described by a successional stage (such as 24 old growth and mature forests). Alternatively, a priority habitat may 25 consist of a specific habitat element (such as caves or snags) of key value 26 to fish and wildlife. A priority habitat may contain priority and/or 27 non-priority fish and wildlife.

28 (93) “Priority species” means species requiring protective measures and/or 29 management guidelines to ensure their persistence at genetically viable 30 population levels. Priority species are those that meet any of the following 31 criteria:

32 (a) Criterion 1. State-listed or state-proposed species. State-listed species are 33 those native fish and wildlife species legally designated as endangered

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1 (WAC 232-12-014), threatened (WAC 232-12-011), or sensitive 2 (WAC 232-12-011). State-proposed species are those fish and wildlife 3 species that will be reviewed by the WDFW (POL-M-6001) for possible 4 listing as endangered, threatened, or sensitive according to the process and 5 criteria defined in WAC 232-12-297.

6 (b) Criterion 2. Vulnerable aggregations. Vulnerable aggregations include 7 those species or groups of animals susceptible to significant population 8 declines, within a specific area or statewide, by virtue of their inclination 9 to congregate.

10 (c) Criterion 3. Species of recreational, commercial, and/or tribal importance. 11 Native and non-native fish and wildlife species of recreational or 12 commercial importance and recognized species used for tribal ceremonial 13 and subsistence purposes that are vulnerable to habitat loss or degradation.

14 (d) Criterion 4. Species listed under the Federal Endangered Species Act as 15 either proposed, threatened, or endangered.

16 (94) “Provisions” means any definition, policy, goal, regulation, requirement, 17 standard, authorization, prohibition, guideline criteria, or environment 18 designations.

19 (95) “Public Access” means physical and visual access. Public access includes the 20 ability of the general public to reach, touch, and enjoy the water’s edge, to travel 21 on the waters of the state, and to view the water and the shoreline from adjacent 22 locations. The following are examples of public access:

23 (a) Visual Access. Visual public access may consist of view corridors, 24 viewpoints, or other means of visual approach to public waters.

25 (b) Physical Access. Physical public access may consist of a dedication of 26 land or easement and a physical improvement in the form of a walkway, 27 trail, bikeway, park, boat or canoe and kayak launching ramp, dock area, 28 view platform, or other area serving as a means of physical approach to 29 public waters.

30 (96) “Public agency” means every city, county, state, or federal office; every officer; 31 every institution, whether educational, correctional, or other; and every 32 department, division, board, and commission that provides services or 33 recommendations to the public or other such agencies.

34 (97) “Public utility” means a public service corporation performing some public 35 service subject to special governmental regulations or a governmental agency 36 performing similar public services, either of which are paid for directly by the 37 recipients thereof. Such services shall include water supply, electric power, gas, 38 and transportation for persons and freight.

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1 (98) “Qualified professional” means a person with experience and training in the 2 pertinent discipline, and who is a qualified expert with expertise appropriate for 3 the relevant critical area or shoreline subject. A qualified professional must 4 have obtained a B.S., B.A., or equivalent degree or certification in biology, 5 engineering, environmental studies, fisheries, geomorphology, landscape 6 architecture, forestry or a related field and have 2 years of related work 7 experience.

8 (a) A qualified professional for wildlife, habitats, or wetlands must have a 9 degree in biology, zoology, ecology, fisheries, or a related field and 10 professional experience in Washington State.

11 (b) A qualified professional for a geological hazard must be a professional 12 engineer or geologist, licensed in the State of Washington.

13 (c) A qualified professional for critical aquifer recharge areas means a 14 hydrogeologist, geologist, engineer, or other scientist with experience in 15 preparing hydrogeologic assessments.

16 (d) A qualified professional with flood and CMZ expertise must be a 17 hydrologist or fluvial geomorphologist.

18 (e) A qualified professional for vegetation management must be a registered 19 landscape architect, certified arborist, biologist, or professional forester 20 with a corresponding degree or certification.

21 (f) A qualified archaeologist must be a person qualified for addressing 22 cultural and historic resources protection and preservation, with a degree 23 in archaeology, anthropology, history, classics, or other germane 24 disciplines with a specialization in archaeology and/or historic 25 preservation and with a minimum of 2 years of experience in preparing 26 cultural resource site assessments reports.

27 (99) “Recreational development” means the modification of the natural or existing 28 environment to accommodate commercial and public facilities designed and 29 used to provide recreational opportunities to the public. Commercial 30 recreational development should be consistent with commercial development 31 defined herein.

32 (100) “Recreational vehicle” means a vehicle designed primarily for recreational 33 camping, travel, or seasonal use that has its own mode of power or is mounted 34 on or towed by another vehicle, including, but not limited to, travel trailers, 35 folding camping trailers, truck campers, motor homes, motorized boats, and 36 multi-use vehicles or any structure inspected, approved, and designated a 37 recreational vehicle by and bearing the insignia of the State of Washington or 38 any other state or federal agency having the authority to approve recreational 39 vehicles.

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1 (101) “Research and Monitoring” includes activities associated with identifying, 2 collecting, monitoring, and evaluating scientific data and information to support 3 water, fisheries, and other ecological services management, restoration, and 4 operational activities. Example activities that could be included under this 5 category include installing and operating stream and water quality monitoring 6 gages, collecting fisheries data using a trap or other devices, setting up and 7 using equipment to collect sediment data, and other data collection activities 8 that need to use the shoreline and waters of the state to meet public objectives.

9 (102) “Residential development” entails one or more buildings, structures, lots, 10 parcels, or portions thereof that are designed, used, or intended to be used as a 11 place of abode for human beings. These include single-family residences, 12 residential subdivisions, short residential subdivisions, attached dwellings, and 13 all accessory uses or structures normally associated with residential uses. 14 Accessory residential uses include garages, sheds, tennis courts, swimming 15 pools, parking areas, fences, cabanas, saunas, and guest cottages. Hotels, 16 motels, dormitories, or any other type of overnight or transient housing are 17 excluded from the residential category and must be considered commercial uses 18 depending on project characteristics.

19 (103) “Restore,” “Restoration,” or “ecological restoration” means the re-establishment 20 or upgrading of impaired natural or enhanced ecological shoreline processes or 21 functions. This may be accomplished through measures, including, but not 22 limited to, revegetation, removal of intrusive shoreline structures, and removal 23 or treatment of toxic materials. Restoration does not imply a requirement for 24 returning the shoreline area to pre-aboriginal or pre-European settlement 25 conditions.

26 (104) “Riparian Habitat Area” means for this SMP, the boundary of an area that 27 begins adjacent to a waterbody (Ordinary High Water Mark or OHWM) and 28 extends to the zone where a noticeable or distinct change in vegetation occurs2:

29 • In the mix of plant species present (e.g., species composition of trees and 30 shrubs compared to the adjacent upland area (grasses, sagebrush, and lower 31 density forested areas); 32 • In the physical structure of the plant species present, such as health, vigor, 33 or robustness of growth patterns compared to similar adjacent upland areas. 34 Growth patterns include the health, compactness, crowding, size, structure, 35 and/or numbers of individual plants.

2 This change can often be seen with a change in land use at the edge of a floodplain, where an agricultural use or other land uses/development begins.

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1 • The upland edge of the Riparian Area shall be identified as the area where 2 the riparian trees and herbaceous species end and where the upland 3 grasslands, shrub-steppe, or scrub/shrub terrestrial habitat begins.

4 (105) “Salmonid” means a member of the fish family Salmonidae, including king, 5 Chinook, coho, chum, sockeye, and pink salmon; cutthroat, brook, brown, 6 rainbow, and steelhead trout; kokanee; and native char (bull trout and Dolly 7 Varden).

8 (106) “Section 404 Permit” means a permit issued by USACE for the placement of 9 dredge or fill material waterward of the OHWM or clearing in waters of the 10 United States, including wetlands, in accordance with 33 United States Code 11 Section 1344.

12 (107) “Seismic hazard areas” means areas that are subject to severe risk of damage as 13 a result of earthquake-induced ground shaking, slope failure, settlement, or soil 14 liquefaction.

15 (108) “Shall” means a mandate; the action must be done.

16 (109) “Shoreline areas” and “shoreline jurisdiction” means all “shorelines of the state” 17 and “shorelands” as defined in RCW 90.58.030.

18 (110) “Shoreline Master Program” means the comprehensive use plan for a described 19 area and the use regulations together with maps, diagrams, charts, or other 20 descriptive material and text, a statement of desired goals, and standards 21 developed in accordance with the policies enunciated in RCW 90.58.020. As 22 provided in RCW 36.70A.480, the goals and policies of an SMP for a county, 23 city, or town approved under RCW 90.58 shall be considered an element of the 24 county, city, or town’s comprehensive plan. All other portions of the SMP for a 25 county, city, or town adopted under RCW 90.58, including use regulations, shall 26 be considered a part of the county, city, or town’s development regulations.

27 (111) “Shoreline modifications” means those actions that modify the physical 28 configuration or qualities of the shoreline area, usually through the construction 29 of a physical element such as a dike, breakwater, pier, weir, dredged basin, fill, 30 bulkhead, or other shoreline structure. They can include other actions, such as 31 clearing, grading, or application of chemicals.

32 (112) “Shoreline stabilization” means actions taken to address erosion impacts to 33 property and dwellings, businesses, or structures caused by natural processes 34 such as current, flood, wind, or wave action. These actions include structural 35 and non-structural methods. Non-structural methods include building setbacks, 36 relocation of the structure to be protected, groundwater management, and 37 planning and regulatory measures to avoid the need for structural stabilization.

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1 (113) “Should” means that the particular action is required unless there is a 2 demonstrated, compelling reason, based on policy of the SMA and this SMP, 3 against taking the action.

4 (114) “Significant adverse environmental impacts” (as used in SEPA) means a 5 reasonable likelihood of more than a moderate adverse impact on environmental 6 quality (WAC 197-11-794).

7 (115) “Significant vegetation removal” means the removal or alteration of trees, 8 shrubs, and/or ground cover by clearing, grading, cutting, burning, chemical 9 means, or other activity that causes significant ecological impacts on functions 10 provided by such vegetation. The removal of invasive or noxious weeds does 11 not constitute significant vegetation removal. Tree pruning, not including tree 12 topping, where it does not affect ecological functions, does not constitute 13 significant vegetation removal.

14 (116) “Site Assessment Requirements” means requirements for Critical Area Report.

15 (117) “Silviculture” is the art and science of controlling the establishment, growth, 16 composition, health, and quality of forests and woodlands to meet the diverse 17 needs and values of landowners and society on a sustainable basis.

18 (118) “Snag” means the remaining trunk of a dying, diseased, or dangerous tree that is 19 reduced in height and stripped of all live branches.

20 (119) “Special flood hazard area” means an area subject to a base or 100-year flood; 21 areas of special flood hazard are shown on a flood hazard boundary map or 22 FIRM as Zone A, AO, A1-30, AE, A99, and AH.

23 (120) “Species and habitats of local importance” means those species that may not be 24 endangered, threatened, or critical from a state-wide perspective, but are of local 25 concern due to their population status, sensitivity to habitat manipulation, or 26 other educational, cultural, or historic attributes. These species may be priority 27 habitats, priority species, and those habitats and species identified in the critical 28 areas code as having local importance (e.g., elk).

29 (121) “Species, threatened and endangered” means those native species that are listed 30 by WDFW pursuant to RCW 77.12.070 as threatened (WAC 232-12-011) or 31 endangered (WAC 232-12-014) or that are listed as threatened or endangered 32 under the Federal Endangered Species Act (16 United States Code 1533).

33 (122) “Start of construction” means and includes substantial improvement and means 34 the date the building permit was issued, provided the actual start of 35 construction, repair, reconstruction, placement, or other improvement was 36 within 180 days of the permit issuance date. For cumulative tracking, the 37 permit may extend beyond the specified time frame to the time of permit 38 completion. The actual start means either the first placement of permanent 39 construction of a structure on a site such as the pouring of slab or footings, the

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1 installation of piles, the construction of columns, or any work beyond the stage 2 of excavation, or the placement of a manufactured home on a foundation. 3 Permanent construction does not include land preparation, such as clearing, 4 grading, and filling, nor does it include the installation of streets and/or 5 walkways, nor does it include excavation for a basement, footings, piers, or 6 foundation or the erection of temporary forms, nor does it include the 7 installation on the property of accessory buildings such as garages or sheds not 8 occupied as dwelling units or not part of the main structure. For a substantial 9 improvement, the actual start of construction means the first alteration of any 10 wall, ceiling, floor, or other structural part of a building, whether or not that 11 alteration affects the external dimensions of the building.

12 (123) “Steep slopes” means those slopes (excluding County-approved geotechnical 13 engineered slopes) 40% or steeper within a vertical elevation change of at least 14 10 feet. A slope is defined by establishing its toe and top and is measured by 15 averaging the inclination over at least 10 feet of vertical relief.

16 (124) “Stream” means any portion of a channel, bed, bank, or bottom waterward of 17 the OHWM of waters of the state, including areas in which fish may spawn, 18 reside, or pass, and tributary waters with defined bed or banks, which influence 19 the quality of fish habitat downstream. This includes watercourses that flow on 20 an intermittent basis or fluctuate in level during the year and applies to the 21 entire bed of such watercourse whether or not the water is at peak level. This 22 definition does not include irrigation ditches, canals, stormwater runoff devices, 23 or other entirely artificial watercourses, except where they exist in a natural 24 watercourse that has been altered by humans.

25 (125) “Structure” means a permanent or temporary edifice or building, or any piece of 26 work artificially built or composed of parts joined together in some definite 27 manner, whether installed on, above, or below the surface of the ground or 28 water.

29 (126) “Substantial damage” means damage of any origin, including intentional and 30 unintentional demolition, sustained by a structure whereby the cost of restoring 31 the structure to its before-damaged condition would equal or exceed 50% of the 32 assessed value of the structure before the damage occurred.

33 (127) “Substantial improvement” means any rehabilitation, repair, reconstruction, 34 addition, or other improvement of a building when the cost of the improvement 35 equals or exceeds 50% of the market value of the building before start of 36 construction of the improvement. The term includes buildings that have 37 incurred substantial damage or damage of any origin sustained by a building 38 when the cost of restoring the building to its pre-damaged condition would 39 equal or exceed 50% of the market value before the damage occurred. 40 Substantial improvement does not include any project for improvement of a 41 structure to correct existing violations of state or local health, sanitary, or safety 42 code specifications, which have been identified by the local code enforcement

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1 official and are the minimum necessary to ensure safe living conditions or any 2 alteration of a historic structure, provided that the alteration will not preclude 3 the structure’s continued designation as a historic structure.

4 (128) “Substantially degrade” means to cause significant ecological impact.

5 (129) “Technical Interdisciplinary Team” includes representatives from the county, 6 city, and town departments, such as Community Development, Public Works, 7 Health, and Emergency Management, as well as Resource Agency Personnel 8 having technical expertise in the subject of interest.

9 (130) “Thinning” means the evenly spaced non-commercial removal of up to 40% of 10 trees and woody shrubs.

11 (131) “Topping” means the severing of main trunks or stems of vegetation at any 12 place above 25% of the vegetation height.

13 (132) “Transportation facilities” are those structures and developments that provide 14 for the movement of people, goods, and services. These include roads and 15 highways, railroad facilities, bridges, parking facilities, bicycle paths, trails, and 16 other related facilities.

17 (133) “Tree removal” means the removal of a tree, through either direct or indirect 18 actions, including, but not limited to: clearing, damaging, or poisoning resulting 19 in an unhealthy or dead tree; removal of at least half of the live crown; or 20 damage to roots or trunk that is likely to destroy the tree's structural integrity.

21 (134) “Trees” means any living woody plant characterized by one main stem or trunk 22 and many branches and having a diameter of 4 inches or more, measured 23 24 inches above ground level.

24 (135) “Unavoidable” means adverse impacts that remain after all appropriate and 25 practicable avoidance and minimization have been achieved.

26 (136) “Utility” means a service and/or facility that produces, transmits, carries, stores, 27 processes, or disposes of electrical power, gas, potable water, stormwater, 28 communications (including, but not limited to, telephone and cable), sewage, 29 oil, and the like.

30 (137) “Vegetation” means plant life growing below, at, and above the soil surface.

31 (138) “Vegetation alteration” means any clearing, grading, cutting, topping, limbing, 32 or pruning of vegetation.

33 (139) “Water-dependent use” means a use or portion of a use that cannot exist in a 34 location that is not adjacent to the water and that is dependent on the water by 35 reason of the intrinsic nature of its operations.

Southeast Washington Coalition Shoreline Master Program Draft Anchor QEA/Oneza & Associates 187 September 2016

1 (140) “Water-enjoyment use” means a recreational use or other use that facilitates 2 public access to the shoreline as a primary characteristic of the use or a use that 3 provides for recreational use or aesthetic enjoyment of the shoreline for a 4 substantial number of people as a general characteristic of the use, and which 5 through location, design, and operation ensures the public’s ability to enjoy the 6 physical and aesthetic qualities of the shoreline. In order to qualify as a 7 water-enjoyment use, the use must be open to the general public and the 8 shoreline-oriented space within. The project must be devoted to the specific 9 aspects of the use that fosters shoreline enjoyment.

10 (141) “Water-oriented use” means a use that is water-dependent, water-related, or 11 water-enjoyment, or a combination of such uses.

12 (142) “Water quality” means the physical characteristics of water within shoreline 13 jurisdiction, including water quantity and hydrological, physical, chemical, 14 aesthetic, recreation-related, and biological characteristics. Where used in this 15 SMP, the term water quantity refers only to development and uses regulated 16 under this SMP and affecting water quantity such as impermeable surfaces and 17 stormwater handling practices. Water quantity, for purposes of this SMP, does 18 not mean the withdrawal of groundwater or diversion of surface water pursuant 19 to RCW 90.03.250 through 90.03.340.

20 (143) “Water-related use” means a use or portion of a use which is not intrinsically 21 dependent on a waterfront location but whose economic viability is dependent 22 upon a waterfront location because of one of the following scenarios:

23 (a) The use has a functional requirement for a waterfront location such as the 24 arrival or shipment of materials by water or the need for large quantities of 25 water.

26 (b) The use provides a necessary service supportive of the water-dependent 27 uses, and the proximity of the use to its customers makes its services less 28 expensive and/or more convenient.

29 (144) “Water Resources Inventory Area (WRIA)” means one of 62 watersheds in the 30 State of Washington, each composed of the drainage areas of a stream or 31 streams, as established in WAC 173-500 as it existed on January 1, 1997.

32 (145) “Weir” means a structure generally built perpendicular to the shoreline for the 33 purpose of diverting water or trapping sediment or other moving objects 34 transported by water.

35 (146) “Wetlands” are areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater 36 at a frequency and duration sufficient to support and that under normal 37 circumstances do support a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in 38 saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include swamps, marshes, bogs, 39 and similar areas. Wetlands do not include those artificial wetlands 40 intentionally created from non-wetland sites, including, but not limited to,

Southeast Washington Coalition Shoreline Master Program Draft Anchor QEA/Oneza & Associates 188 September 2016

1 irrigation and drainage ditches, grass-lined swales, canals, detention facilities, 2 wastewater treatment facilities, farm ponds, and landscape amenities, or those 3 wetlands created after July 1, 1990, that were unintentionally created as a result 4 of the construction of a road, street, or highway. Wetlands may include those 5 artificial wetlands intentionally created from non-wetland areas to mitigate the 6 conversion of wetlands.

7 XX.XX.870 Shoreline Environment Designation Maps

8 XX.XX.880 Reference List of Native Plant Species Associated with Vegetation 9 Enhancement

Southeast Washington Coalition Shoreline Master Program Draft Anchor QEA/Oneza & Associates 189 LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy Rural I

SR 1a I

North Fork I Asotin Creek

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for I planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

South Fork

FINAL DRAFT Asotin Creek

I I Miles Map 1 [ 0 0.65 1.3 North Fork Asotin Creek Reach SE WA Coalition Environment Designations

I I

LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy Rural

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

South Fork Columbia

Asotin Creek Asotin

I I

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

[ Miles Map 2 0 0.3 0.6 South Fork Asotin Creek Reach SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND

128¬« County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction SR 1c I Environment Designation I Conservancy Recreation Rural Asotin Creek

SR 1b

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of I the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho SR 1a Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

I I

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 3 0 0.75 1.5 Asotin Creek SR 1a - 1c [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations I

LEGEND I County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road Incorporated City SR 1e SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation I Rural I Shoreline Residential

Asotin Creek

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for I planning purposes only. Data is I displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. SR 1d 4. All islands designated as Natural. I Washington George Idaho Creek Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

II Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 4 0 0.45 0.9 Asotin Creek SR 1d and 1e, and George Creek Reach [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction I Environment Designation Conservancy Natural Rural

Grande Ronde

River SR 1a

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

II Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 5 0 0.4 0.8 Grande Ronde River SR 1a [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction «¬129 Grande Ronde Environment Designation River Conservancy Natural SR 1c Recreation Rural

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is I displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of SR 1b Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin I Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 6 0 0.65 1.3 Grande Ronde River SR 1b and 1c [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy Natural Grande Ronde Rural River I

SR 1d

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA I NAIP (2015). I 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 7 0 0.45 0.9 Grande Ronde River SR 1d [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations SR 1b SR Idaho Map 8 Map Asotin Garfield Oregon County Reachand Subreach (SR) Breaks County Coalition WA SE County Boundary Jurisdiction SMA Conservancy IntensityHigh Natural Recreation Rural Columbia I I NOTES: This information 1. is be to used for Data planningis purposes only. displayedas isand without any guaranteeof accuracy or completeness. Aerialimage courtesy of 2. USDA (2015). NAIP Ordinary 3. high water data acquired Department Washington from of Program, SEA Shorelines of Ecology, State. the Allislands designated 4. as Natural. LEGEND EnvironmentDesignation I Washington I I

Grande RondeGrande River 2e 2a SR -

I SR2e I SE WA Coalition Environment Designations WA SE

SR 2d

I SR 2c SR I II

1.3

SR 1c SR I I SR2b 0.65 Miles River

Grande Ronde

I

I 0 SR 1b SR

[

SR2a

I I FINAL DRAFT FINAL I

Grande Ronde SR 2a River I

LEGEND SR 2b County Reach and Subreach (SR) Breaks SR 2cI SR 1a II SE WA County Coalition I I County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy Natural SR 1c I Rural SR 1b

II

Joseph Creek

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for

planning purposes only. Data is SR 1a displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 9 [ 0 0.7 1.4 Joseph Creek SR 1a - 1c SE WA Coalition Environment Designations Grande Ronde

River

SR 2b II LEGEND

II I County Reach and SR 1b I SR 2c SR 2e Subreach (SR) Breaks I SR 2d I SR 1c I SE WA County Coalition Joseph I I I I I SR 1b County Boundary

Creek I I I SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy High Intensity Natural Recreation Rural

SR 1a NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). Snake 3. Ordinary high water data acquired River from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

I Oregon FINAL DRAFT

[ Miles Map 10 0 0.9 1.8 Snake River SR 1a and 1b SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition I County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy Natural Recreation Rural

Snake River

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington SR 1c I Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

[ Miles Map 11 0 0.6 1.2 Snake River SR 1c SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction I Environment Designation Conservancy Rural

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. Snake 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA River NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired SR 1d from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural. I Washington I Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

[ Miles Map 12 0 0.5 1 Snake River SR 1d SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks II Major Road Incorporated City

SR 1g SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation I Conservancy Rural

Snake River

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or

SR 1f completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

SR 1e Idaho Garfield I Columbia I Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

[ Miles Map 13 0 0.45 0.9 Snake River SR 1e - 1g SE WA Coalition Environment Designations II LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road Incorporated City SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Recreation SR 2a Shoreline Residential

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for Snake planning purposes only. Data is River displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

«¬129 I Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 14 0 0.35 0.7 Snake River SR 2a [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations

I I LEGEND City/Town Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks

Major Road

128 ¬ « Incorporated City SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Recreation Snake Shoreline Residential River

SR 2b NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired 129 ¬« from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

II Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 15 0 0.25 0.5 Snake River SR 2b [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND City/Town Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks !( Populated Place Major Road Incorporated City SE WA County Coalition County Boundary

Snake SMA Jurisdiction I River Environment Designation City of High Intensity Clarkston SR 1c Port of Clarkston SR 1b Recreation Port of Clarkston Shoreline Residential I

II

¤£12 NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). Clarkston !( 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State.

SR 1a SR

128 ¬

« 4. All islands designated as Natural.

129 ¬

« Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

I I Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 16 0 0.25 0.5 Snake River/Clarkston SR 1a - 1c [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND City/Town Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road Incorporated City SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction I Environment Designation Snake High Intensity River Recreation

USACE - Leased to Port of Clarkston NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or £¤12

128 ¬« completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA SR 2c NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho I Garfield Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 17 0 0.1 0.2 Snake River SR 2c [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction

SR 3c Environment Designation Conservancy High Intensity Natural Recreation

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is Snake displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or I River completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). SR 3b 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of SR 3a Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of I theSnake State. ¤£12 4. All islands designated as Natural. River Washington

Idaho I Garfield Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT !(

Miles Map 18 0 0.75 1.5 Snake River SR 3a-3c [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND Snake County Reach and River I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy

Reach 4

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin I Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 19 0 0.8 1.6 Snake River Reach 4 - Start [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations II LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy High Intensity Recreation

Snake River

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). Reach 4 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

Snake River Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 20 0 0.8 1.6 Snake River Reach 4 - End [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy High Intensity Natural Recreation Rural

Snake River NOTES: Reach 5 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

II Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 21 [ 0 1 2 Snake River Reach 5 - Start SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction I Environment Designation Conservancy High Intensity Natural Snake Recreation River

Reach 5 NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 127¬« 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

[ Miles Map 22 0 1 2 Snake River Reach 5 - End SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy High Intensity I Natural Recreation

Snake River NOTES: I 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). Reach 6 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 23 0 1 2 Snake River Reach 6 [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy High Intensity Natural Recreation Rural

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. I 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired I from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural. Reach 7 Washington ¬«261 Idaho Snake Garfield River Columbia I Asotin SR 2h SR

I Oregon Tucannon River FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 24 0 1 2 Snake River Reach 7 [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and Subreach (SR) Breaks

0910 I SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation

0910 Natural

Mill Creek I I

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is I displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or North Fork completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA Wenaha NAIP (2015).

River I I 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 25 0 0.75 1.5 Mill Creek and North Fork Wenaha River Reaches [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND II County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Third Environment Designation Creek Natural

II

First I II Creek I

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is I displayed as is and without any I guarantee of accuracy or completeness. Butte 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). Creek 3. Ordinary high water data acquired Crooked from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of Creek the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin II II Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 26 0 1 2 Butte Creek, First Creek, Third Creek and Crooked Creek Reaches [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks !. County Seat Major Road Incorporated City SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Rural Dayton !. SR 1a I I Touchet I River I NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is £12¤ displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State.

SR 1b 4. All islands designated as Natural.

I Washington I

Idaho SR 1a Touchet Garfield River

Columbia

I I I I I Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 27 0 0.4 0.8 Touchet River SR 1a and 1b [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks !( Populated Place Major Road I SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Recreation Rural

Touchet River SR 1c

£¤12

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any Huntsville guarantee of accuracy or !( completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired I from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

SR 1d Idaho Garfield

Columbia I Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 28 0 0.4 0.8 Touchet River SR 1c and 1d [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations North Fork I SR 1c I I

Touchet RiverI SR 1b I SR 1c SR 1d II SR 1a SR 1b I Wolf Fork

Touchet River

I I

I I II SRI 1a LEGEND SR 1c County Reach and River Touchet I I Subreach (SR) Breaks Incorporated City SE WA County Coalition County Boundary I SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation

SR 1b SR SR 1b Conservancy Natural Rural II I South Fork Touchet River

NOTES: SR 1c 1. This information is to be used for SR 1a planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or TouchetRiver completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

!( I SR 1d SR Washington

II Idaho I Garfield Columbia

Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 29 0 1 2 South Fork Touchet River SR 1a - 1c [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations I I I LEGEND County Reach and SR 1c I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition I County Boundary I SR 1c SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation II Natural Rural

SR 1b

I North Fork SR 1b Touchet River

Wolf Fork SR 1a Touchet River NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for I planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or II completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield II Columbia Asotin

Oregon

SR 1b FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 30 0 0.6 1.2 Wolf Fork Touchet River SR 1a - 1c [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations

II LEGEND County Reach and I I Subreach (SR) Breaks I SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Natural I Rural

Wolf Fork Touchet River

SR 1a SR 1b North Fork Touchet River

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA I NAIP (2015). I 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington SR 1a Idaho Garfield II Columbia Asotin

II Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 31 0 0.55 1.1 North Fork Touchet River SR 1a and 1b [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks Incorporated City SE WA County Coalition

County Boundary I

I SMA Jurisdiction

SR 1a I Touchet I Environment Designation River I Natural Rural

SR 1d North Fork Touchet River I I SR 1c I

SR 1c NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or II completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington SR 1c SR 1b Idaho I Garfield Columbia

Asotin

II Oregon I Wolf Fork FINAL DRAFT Touchet River

Miles Map 32 0 0.75 1.5 North Fork Touchet River SR 1c and 1d [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations I LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy Natural Recreation

Tucannon River

NOTES: SR 1b 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any SR 1a guarantee of accuracy or I completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). I 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

II Panjab Columbia Creek Asotin I Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 33 0 1 2 Tucannon River SR 1a and 1b and Panjab Creek

[ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations !.

LEGEND County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks SR 2c !( Populated Place Major Road I SE WA County Coalition I County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy Rural

SR 2b

Tucannon 126 River Turner ¬« !( I

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). SR 2a 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia

Asotin I Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 34 0 1.5 3 Tucannon River SR 2a - 2c [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations Snake River

II Tucannon!( River LEGEND I City/Town Reach and SR 2f I Subreach (SR) Breaks County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road Incorporated City SE WA County Coalition I County Boundary SR 2e SMA Jurisdiction 261 ¬« Environment Designation £¤12 Conservancy Tucannon Rural I River I Shoreline Residential

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 12£¤ SR 2d 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia I Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 35 [ 0 1 2 Tucannon River SR 2d - 2f SE WA Coalition Environment Designations LEGEND II City/Town Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks !( Populated Place Major Road Incorporated City SE WA County Coalition County Boundary

!( Starbuck SMA Jurisdiction FEMA Floodway Environment Designation Conservancy Rural Shoreline Residential

¬«261

Tucannon NOTES: River 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is displayed as is and without any guarantee of accuracy or completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia I Asotin

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT

Miles Map 36 [ 0 0.09 0.18 Tucannon River/Starbuck Reach SE WA Coalition Environment Designations Snake River

LEGEND City/Town Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks County Reach and I Subreach (SR) Breaks Major Road I Incorporated City SE WA County Coalition County Boundary SMA Jurisdiction Environment Designation Conservancy

SR 2h High Intensity Natural Recreation I Rural Shoreline Residential

NOTES: 1. This information is to be used for planning purposes only. Data is «¬261 displayed as is and without any Tucannon guarantee of accuracy or River completeness. 2. Aerial image courtesy of USDA NAIP (2015). 3. Ordinary high water data acquired from Washington Department of SR 2g Ecology, SEA Program, Shorelines of the State. 4. All islands designated as Natural.

Washington

Idaho Garfield

Columbia II Asotin !(

Oregon

FINAL DRAFT TucannonRiver

Miles Map 37 0 0.3 0.6 Tucannon River SR 2g and 2h [ SE WA Coalition Environment Designations Vascular Plant List Asotin County

Asotin County Asotin County, WA. List covers plants found in Asotin County. Combination of plant lists of areas within Asotin County, with the addition of names of plants in the UW and WSU herbariums that were collected in Asotin County. 607 spp., 88 introduced. List prepared by Don Knoke, 2004.

* - Introduced Scientific Name Common Name Family Name Abies grandis Grand fir Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Sub-alpine fir Pinaceae Acer glabrum Douglas maple Aceraceae Acer negundo* Box elder Aceraceae Acer saccharinum* Norway maple Aceraceae Aconitum columbianum Monkshood Ranunculaceae Adenocaulon bicolor Pathfinder Asteraceae Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair fern Polypodiaceae Agastache urticifolia Nettle-leaf horse-mint Lamiaceae Agoseris heterophylla Annual agoseris Asteraceae Agropyron caninum Bearded wheatgrass Poaceae Agropyron spicatum Blue-bunch wheatgrass Poaceae Agrostis interrupta* Interrupted apera Poaceae Allium acuminatum Taper-tip onion Liliaceae Allium brandegei Brandegee onion Liliaceae Allium douglasii Douglas' onion Liliaceae Allium fibrillum Fringed onion Liliaceae Allium tolmiei Tolmie's onion Liliaceae Alnus rhombifolia White alder Betulaceae Alnus sinuata Sitka alder Betulaceae Alopecurus aequalis Short-awned foxtail Poaceae Alyssum alyssoides* Pale alyssum Brassicaceae Amelanchier alnifolia Serviceberry Rosaceae Amsinckia intermedia Fireweed fiddleneck Boraginaceae Amsinckia lycopsoides Bugloss fiddleneck Boraginaceae Amsinckia retrorsa Rigid fiddleneck Boraginaceae Amsinckia tessellata Devil's lettuce Boraginaceae Anemone piperi Piper's anemone Ranunculaceae Antennaria anaphaloides Tall pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria dimorpha Low pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria luzuloides Woodrush pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria microphylla Rosy pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria pulcherrima Showy pussytoes Asteraceae Apocynum androsaemifolium Spreading dogbane Apocynaceae Aquilegia formosa Red columbine Ranunculaceae Arabis crucisetosa Wet-soil rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis cusickii Cusick's rockcress Brassicaceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 1 of 13

Arabis glabra Tower mustard Brassicaceae Arabis hirsuta Hairy rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis holboellii Holboell's rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis microphylla Small-leaf rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis sparsiflora Sicklepod rockcress Brassicaceae Arenaria congesta Dense-flowered sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arenaria macrophylla Big-leaf sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpyllifolia* Thyme-leaf sandwort Caryophyllaceae Aristida longiseta Red three-awn Poaceae Arnica cordifolia Heart-leaf arnica Asteraceae Arnica fulgens Hillside arnica Asteraceae Arnica sororia Twin arnica Asteraceae Artemisia ludoviciana Western mugwort Asteraceae Artemisia rigida Stiff sagebrush Asteraceae Artemisia tridentata Big sagebrush Asteraceae Asclepias fascicularis Mexican milkweed Asclepiadaceae Asclepias speciosa Showy milkweed Asclepiadaceae Aster foliaceus Leafy aster Asteraceae Aster lanceolatus White-panicle aster Asteraceae Aster occidentalis Western aster Asteraceae Aster pansus Wreath aster Asteraceae Astragalus arthurii Waha milkvetch Fabaceae Astragalus beckwithii Beckwith's aster Fabaceae Astragalus canadensis Canada milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus collinus Hillside milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus cusickii Cusick's milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus inflexus Bent milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus lentiginosus Specklepod milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus purshii Pursh's milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus reventus Blue Mtn. milk-vetch Fabaceae Balsamorhiza hirsuta Hairy balsamroot Asteraceae Balsamorhiza incana Hoary balsamroot Asteraceae Balsamorhiza sagittata Arrow-leaf balsamroot Asteraceae Balsamorhiza serrata Toothed balsamroot Asteraceae Barbarea orthoceras American wintercress Brassicaceae Berberis repens Creeping Oregongrape Berberidaceae Besseya rubra Red besseya Scrophulariaceae Betula occidentalis Water birch Betulaceae Betula papyrifera Paper birch Betulaceae Bidens frondosa Leafy beggar-ticks Asteraceae Bidens vulgata Tall beggar-ticks Asteraceae Blepharipappus scaber Blepharipappus Asteraceae Bolandra oregana Bolandra Saxifragaceae Brickellia grandiflora Large-flowered brickellia Asteraceae Brickellia microphylla Small-leaved brickellia Asteraceae Brodiaea douglasii Douglas' brodiaea Liliaceae Bromus brizaeformis* Rattlesnake grass Poaceae Bromus carinatus California brome Poaceae Bromus commutatus* Common chess Poaceae Bromus japonicus* Japanese brome Poaceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 2 of 13

Bromus mollis* Soft brome Poaceae Bromus rigidus* Ripgut brome Poaceae Bromus secalinus* Chess Poaceae Bromus sterilis* Barren brome Poaceae Bromus tectorum* Cheat grass Poaceae Calochortus elegans Northwest mariposa Liliaceae Calochortus eurycarpus Wide-fruit mariposa Liliaceae Calochortus macrocarpus Sagebrush mariposa Liliaceae Calypso bulbosa Fairy slipper Orchidaceae Camassia quamash Common camas Liliaceae Camelina microcarpa* Hairy false-flax Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris* Shepherd's purse Brassicaceae Cardamine cordifolia Large mountain bittercress Brassicaceae Carex athrostachya Slender-beak sedge Cyperaceae Carex bolanderi Bolander's sedge Cyperaceae Carex concinnoides Northwest sedge Cyperaceae Carex deweyana Dewey's sedge Cyperaceae Carex douglasii Douglas' sedge Cyperaceae Carex hystricina Porcupine sedge Cyperaceae Carex lenticularis Lenticular sedge Cyperaceae Carex microptera Small-winged sedge Cyperaceae Carex pachystachya Pachystachy sedge Cyperaceae Carex petasata Liddon's sedge Cyperaceae Carex stipata Sawbeak sedge Cyperaceae Carex subfusca Rusty sedge Cyperaceae Castilleja applegatei Wavy-leaved paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja cusickii Cusick's paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja hispida Harsh paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja lutescens Green paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja miniata Scarlet paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Ceanothus velutinus Snowbrush Rhamnaceae Celtis reticulata Hackberry Ulmaceae Centaurea cyanus* Batchelor button Asteraceae Centaurea solstitialis* Yellow starthistle Asteraceae Cerastium arvense Field chickweed Caryophyllaceae Cerastium viscosum* Sticky chickweed Caryophyllaceae Cerastium vulgatum* Mouse-ear chickweed Caryophyllaceae Cercocarpus ledifolius Curl-leaf mountain-mohogany Rosaceae Chaenactis douglasii Dusty maidens Asteraceae Cheilanthes feei Fee's lip-fern Polypodiaceae Cheilanthes gracillima Lace fern Polypodiaceae Chenopodium album* Pigweed Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium botrys* Jerusalem oak Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium hybridum Sowbane Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium pumilio* Clammy goosefoot Chenopodiaceae Chimaphila menziesii Little pipsissewa Ericaceae Chimaphila umbellata Pipsissewa Ericaceae Chorispora tenella* Blue mustard Brassicaceae Chrysopsis villosa Hairy golden-aster Asteraceae Circaea alpina Enchanter's nightshade Onagraceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 3 of 13

Cirsium brevifolium Palouse thistle Asteraceae Cirsium undulatum Wavy-leaved thistle Asteraceae Clarkia pulchella Ragged Robin Onagraceae Claytonia lanceolata Western spring beauty Portulacaceae Claytonia parviflora Streambank spring beauty Portulacaceae Claytonia rubra Red miner's lettuce Portulacaceae Clematis columbiana Columbia virgin's bower Ranunculaceae Clematis ligusticifolia Virgin's bower Ranunculaceae Cleome lutea Yellow bee-plant Capparidaceae Clintonia uniflora Queen's cup Liliaceae Collinsia parviflora Small-flowered blue-eyed Mary Scrophulariaceae Collomia grandiflora Large-flowered collomia Polemoniaceae Collomia linearis Narrow-leaf collomia Polemoniaceae Conium maculatum* Poison hemlock Apiaceae Convolvulus arvensis* Field morning-glory Convolvulaceae Corallorhiza maculata Spotted coral-root Orchidaceae Corallorhiza striata Striped coral-root Orchidaceae Cordylanthus capitatus Yakima birdbeak Scrophulariaceae Corispermum hyssopifolium* Common bugseed Chenopodiaceae Cornus stolonifera Red-osier dogwood Cornaceae Corydalis aurea Golden corydalis Fumariaceae Crataegus columbiana Columbia hawthorn Rosaceae Crepis acuminata Tapertip hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis atrabarba Slender hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis bakeri Baker's hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis intermedia Gray hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis occidentalis Western hawksbeard Asteraceae Cryptantha celosioides Northern cryptantha Boraginaceae Cryptantha intermedia Common cryptantha Boraginaceae Cymopteris terebinthinus Turpentine spring-parsley Apiaceae Cynoglossum officinale* Common hound's-tongue Boraginaceae Cyperus aristatus Awned flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus bipartitus Shining flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus esculentus* Yellow flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus strigosus Straw-colored flatsedge Cyperaceae Cypripedium montanum Mountain lady's-slipper Orchidaceae Cystopteris fragilis Fragile fern Polypodiaceae Danthonia californica California oatgrass Poaceae Danthonia intermedia Timber oatgrass Poaceae Danthonia unispicata Few-flowered wild oatgrass Poaceae Datura stramonium* Jimson-weed Solanaceae Delphinium andersonii Desert larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium bicolor Montana larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium burkei Meadow larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium depauperatum Dwarf larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium distichum two-spike larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium menziesii Mountain larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium multiplex Kittitas larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium nuttallianum Upland larkspur Ranunculaceae Deschampsia danthonioides Annual hairgrass Poaceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 4 of 13

Deschampsia elongata Slender hairgrass Poaceae Descurainia pinnata Western tansymustard Brassicaceae Descurainia richardsonii Mountain tansymustard Brassicaceae Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's breeches Fumariaceae Dicentra uniflora Steer's head Fumariaceae Disporum trachycarpum Sierra fairy-bell Liliaceae Dodecatheon conjugens Desert shooting star Primulaceae Dodecatheon cusickii Cusick's shooting star Primulaceae Dodecatheon pulchellum Few-flowered shooting star Primulaceae Draba cuneifolia Wedge-leaved draba Brassicaceae Draba reptans Carolina draba Brassicaceae Draba verna Spring whitlow-grass Brassicaceae Dracocephalum parviflorum American dragonhead Lamiaceae Echinocystis lobata Balsam apple Cucurbitaceae Eleocharis bella Delicate spike-rush Cyperaceae Eleocharis palustris Common spike-rush Cyperaceae Eleocharis pauciflora Few-flowered spike-rush Cyperaceae Elymus glaucus Western ryegrass Poaceae Epilobium alpinum Alpine willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium glandulosum Common willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium paniculatum Tall annual willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium watsonii Watson's willow-herb Onagraceae Equisetum arvense Common horsetail Equisetaceae Eragrostis cilianensis* Stinkgrass Poaceae Eragrostis hypnoides Creeping eragrostis Poaceae Eragrostis pectinacea Purple lovegrass Poaceae Erigeron corymbosus Long-leaf fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron disparipilus Snake River daisy Asteraceae Erigeron divergens Spreading daisy Asteraceae Erigeron eatonii Eaton's daisy Asteraceae Erigeron linearis Desert yellow daisy Asteraceae Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia daisy Asteraceae Erigeron pumilus Shaggy fleabane Asteraceae Eriogonum compositum Northern buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum flavum Yellow buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum heracleoides Parsnip-flowered buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum microthecum Slender buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum thymoides Thyme-leaf buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum umbellatum Sulfur buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriophyllum lanatum Oregon sunshine Asteraceae Erodium cicutarium* Filaree Geraniaceae Erysimum asperum Rough wallflower Brassicaceae Erysimum repandum* Spreading wallflower Brassicaceae Erythronium grandiflorum Glacier lily Liliaceae Euphorbia spathulata Spatulate-leaf spurge Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia supina* Milk spurge Euphorbiaceae Festuca idahoensis Blue bunchgrass Poaceae Festuca myuros* Rat-tail fescue Poaceae Festuca occidentalis Western fescue Poaceae Festuca octoflora Slender fescue Poaceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 5 of 13

Festuca rubra Red fescue Poaceae Floerkea proserpinacoides False mermaid Limnanthaceae Fragaria vesca Wild strawberry Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana Woods strawberry Rosaceae Frasera albicaulis Columbia frasera Gentianaceae Frasera fastigiata Clustered frasera Gentianaceae Fritillaria pudica Yellow bell Liliaceae Gaillardia aristata Blanket-flower Asteraceae Galium aparine Cleavers Rubiaceae Galium bifolium Low mountain bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium boreale Northern bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium multiflorum Shrubby bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium serpenticum Intermountain bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium triflorum Fragrant bedstraw Rubiaceae Gaultheria shallon Salal Ericaceae Geranium carolinianum Wild geranium Geraniaceae Geranium pusillum* Small flowered crane's-bill Geraniaceae Geranium viscosissimum Sticky geranium Geraniaceae Geum macrophyllum Large-leaved avens Rosaceae Geum triflorum Prairie smoke Rosaceae Gilia aggregata Skyrocket Polemoniaceae Glossopetalon nevadense Spiny green-bush Celastraceae Glyceria striata Fowl mannagrass Poaceae Glycyrrhiza lepidota Licorice-root Fabaceae Gutierrezia sarothrae Match weed Asteraceae Habenaria dilatata White bog-orchid Orchidaceae Hackelia hispida Rough stickseed Boraginaceae Hackelia micrantha Blue stickseed Boraginaceae Haplopappus carthamoides Large-flowered goldenweed Asteraceae Helianthella uniflora Little-sunflower Asteraceae Helianthus tuberosus* Jerusalum artichoke Asteraceae Hemicarpha micrantha Small-flowered hemicrpha Cyperaceae Hesperochiron pumilis Dwarf hesperochiron Hydrophyllaceae Heuchera cylindrica Lava alumroot Saxifragaceae Hieracium cynoglossoides Hounds-tongue hawkweed Asteraceae Holodiscus discolor Ocean spray Rosaceae Holosteum umbellatum* Jagged chickweed Caryophyllaceae Hordeum brachyantherum Meadow barley Poaceae Hordeum geniculatum* Seaside barley Poaceae Hordeum murinum* Wall barley Poaceae Hutchinsia procumbens Hutchinsia Brassicaceae Hydrophyllum capitatum Woolly breeches Hydrophyllaceae Hypericum perforatum* Klamath weed Hypericaceae Iliamna rivularis Streambank globemallow Malvaceae Iris missouriensis Western blue flag Iridaceae Iva axillaris Poverty weed Asteraceae Iva xanthifolia Tall marsh-elder Asteraceae Juncus balticus Baltic rush Juncaceae Juncus bufonius* Toad rush Juncaceae Juncus effusus Soft rush Juncaceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 6 of 13

Juncus ensifolius Daggerleaf rush Juncaceae Juncus orthophyllus Straight-leaf rush Juncaceae Juncus tenuis Slender rush Juncaceae Juniperus occidentalis Western juniper Cupressaceae Koeleria cristata Prairie junegrass Poaceae Lactuca serriola* Prickly lettuce Asteraceae Lagophylla ramosissima Common hareleaf Asteraceae Lamium amplexicaule* Henbit Lamiaceae Lappula redowskii Western stickseed Boraginaceae Lathyrus nevadensis Nuttall's peavine Fabaceae Lathyrus pauciflorus Few-flowered peavine Fabaceae Lepidium densiflorum Common pepperweed Brassicaceae Lepidium perfoliatum* Clasping peppergrass Brassicaceae Lepidium virginicum* Tall pepperweed Brassicaceae Lesquerella douglasii Columbia bladderpod Brassicaceae Lewisia pygmaea Dwarf lewisia Portulacaceae Lewisia triphylla Three-leaf lewisia Portulacaceae Linanthus harknessii Harkness' linanthus Polemoniaceae Linaria dalmatica* Dalmatian toad-flax Scrophulariaceae Linum perenne Wild blue-flax Linaceae Listera caurina Northwestern twayblade Orchidaceae Lithophragma glabrum Smooth woodland-star Saxifragaceae Lithophragma parviflorum Small-flowered prairie-star Saxifragaceae Lithophragma tenellum Slender fringecup Saxifragaceae Lithospermum arvense* Corn gromwell Boraginaceae Lithospermum ruderale Columbia puccoon Boraginaceae Lomatium ambiguum Swale desert-parsley Apiaceae Lomatium bicolor Slender-fruit lomatium Apiaceae Lomatium canbyi Canby's desert-parsley Apiaceae Lomatium cous Cous biscuit-root Apiaceae Lomatium dissectum Fern-leaf biscuit-root Apiaceae Lomatium farinosum Coeur d'Alene desert-parsley Apiaceae Lomatium gormanii Gorman's desert-parsley Apiaceae Lomatium grayi Gray's desert-parsley Apiaceae Lomatium macrocarpum Large-fruited lomatium Apiaceae Lomatium rollinsii Rollins' lomatium Apiaceae Lomatium serpentinum Snake Canyon lomatium Apiaceae Lomatium triternatum Nine-leaf lomatium Apiaceae Lonicera ciliosa Orange honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lonicera utahensis Utah honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lotus purshianus Spanish clover Fabaceae Lupinus caudatus Tailcup lupine Fabaceae Lupinus laxiflorus Spurred lupine Fabaceae Lupinus lepidus Prairie lupine Fabaceae Lupinus leucophyllus Velvet lupine Fabaceae Lupinus microcarpus Chick lupine Fabaceae Lupinus saxosus Rock lupine Fabaceae Lupinus sericeus Silky lupine Fabaceae Lupinus sulphureus Sulphur lupine Fabaceae Lupinus wyethii Wyeth's lupine Fabaceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 7 of 13

Luzula campestris Field woodrush Juncaceae Lycopus asper Rough bugleweed Lamiaceae Machaeranthera canescens Hoary aster Asteraceae Maclura pomifera* Hedge apple Moraceae Madia citriodora Lemon-scented tarweed Asteraceae Madia glomerata Mountain tarweed Asteraceae Madia gracilis Common tarweed Asteraceae Malva neglecta* Dwarf mallow Malvaceae Marsilea vestita Clover fern Marsileaceae Melica spectabilis Showy oniongrass Poaceae Melica subulata Alaska onion-grass Poaceae Mentha arvensis Field mint Lamiaceae Mentzelia dispersa Bushy mentzelia Loasaceae Mentzelia laevicaulis Blazingstar Loasaceae Mertensia longiflora Small bluebells Boraginaceae Mertensia paniculata Tall bluebells Boraginaceae Microseris lindleyi Lindley's microseris Asteraceae Microseris nutans Nodding microseris Asteraceae Microseris troximoides Wavyleaf microseris Asteraceae Microsteris gracilis Pink microsteris Polemoniaceae Mimulus breviflorus Short-flowered monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus floribundus Purple-stem monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus guttatus Common monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus moschatus Musk-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus nanus Dwarf purple monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus washingtonensis Washington monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mitella pentandra Alpine mitrewort Saxifragaceae Mitella stauropetala Cross-shaped mitrewort Saxifragaceae Monardella odoratissima Mountain monardella Lamiaceae Montia arenicola Sand montia Portulacaceae Montia chamissoi Water montia Portulacaceae Montia linearis Narrow-leaf montia Portulacaceae Montia perfoliata Miner's lettuce Portulacaceae Montia sibirica Candyflower Portulacaceae Morus alba* White mulberry Moraceae Myosotis discolor* Yellow & blue forget-me-not Boraginaceae Myosotis laxa Small-flowered forget-me-not Boraginaceae Myosotis micrantha* Blue forget-me-not Boraginaceae Navarretia divaricata Mountain navarretia Polemoniaceae Nemophila breviflora Great Basin nemophila Hydrophyllaceae Nemophila kirtleyi Kirtley's nemophila Hydrophyllaceae Nemophila parviflora Small-flowered nemophila Hydrophyllaceae Nepeta cataria* Catnip Lamiaceae Oenothera caespitosa Desert rockrose Onagraceae Oenothera pallida White-stemmed e-p Onagraceae Oenothera subacaulis Long-leaf evening-primrose Onagraceae Onopordum acanthium* Scotch thistle Asteraceae Opuntia polyacantha Prickly pear Cactaceae Orobanche fasciculata Clustered broomrape Orobanchaceae Orobanche ludoviciana Flat-topped broomrape Orobanchaceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 8 of 13

Orobanche uniflora Naked broom-rape Orobanchaceae Orogenia linearifolia Great Basin orogenia Apiaceae Orthocarpus hispidus Hairy owl-clover Scrophulariaceae Orthocarpus tenuifolius Thin-leaved owl-clover Scrophulariaceae Osmorhiza chilensis Mountain sweet-cicely Apiaceae Osmorhiza occidentalis Western sweet-cicely Apiaceae Oxalis stricta Upright yellow wood-sorrel Oxalidaceae Pachistima myrsinites Mountain box Celastraceae Paeonia brownii Wild peony Paeoniaceae Panicum scribnerianum Scribner witchgrass Poaceae Papsulum distichum Knotgrass Poaceae Parietaria pensylvanica Pellitory Urticaceae Paspalum distichum Knotgrass Poaceae Pedicularis bracteosa Bracted lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis contorta Coiled lousewort Scrophulariaceae Penstemon attenuatus Sulfur penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon confertus Yellow penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon deustus Hot-rock penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon diphyllus Two-leaf penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon eriantherus Fuzzy beardtongue Scrophulariaceae Penstemon fruticosus Shrubby penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon glandulosus Glandular penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon pennellianus Blue Mountain penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon rydbergii Rydberg's penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon venustus Blue mountain penstemon Scrophulariaceae Perideridia gairdneri Yampah Apiaceae Petalostemon ornatum Western prairie-clover Fabaceae Petrophytum caespitosum Rocky Mtn. rockmat Rosaceae Phacelia hastata White-leaf phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia heterophylla Varileaf phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia linearis Thread-leaf phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Philadelphus lewisii Mock-orange Hydrangeaceae Phlox caespitosa Tufted phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox colubrina Snake River phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox longifolia Long-leaf phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox speciosa Showy phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox viscida Sticky phlox Polemoniaceae Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Daggerpod Brassicaceae Physalis longifolia Long-leaved ground-cherry Solanaceae Physaria oregana Oregon twinpod Brassicaceae Physocarpus malvaceus Mallow ninebark Rosaceae Picea engalmannii Engelmann spruce Pinaceae Plagiobothrys hispidus Bristly popcorn-flower Boraginaceae Plagiobothrys scouleri Scouler's popcorn-flower Boraginaceae Plagiobothrys tenellus Slender popcorn-flower Boraginaceae Plantago patagonica Candleweed Plantaginaceae Plectritis macrocera White plectritus Valerianaceae Poa bulbosa* Bulbous bluegrass Poaceae Poa cusickii Cusick's bluegrass Poaceae Poa fendleriana Longtongue muttongrass Poaceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 9 of 13

Poa leibergii Leiberg's bluegrass Poaceae Poa nervosa Wheeler's bluegrass Poaceae Poa pratensis* Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae Poa sandbergii Sandberg's bluegrass Poaceae Poa secunda Merrill's bluegrass Poaceae Polemonium californicum California Jacob's-ladder Polemoniaceae Polemonium micranthum Littlebells polemonium Polemoniaceae Polemonium pulcherrimum Showy Jacob's ladder Polemoniaceae Polygonum bistortoides Mountain bistort Polygonaceae Polygonum coccineum Swamp persicaria Polygonaceae Polygonum convolvulus* Black bindweed Polygonaceae Polygonum douglasii Douglas' knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum majus Wiry knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum minimum Leafy dwarf knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum polygaloides White-margined knotweed Polygonaceae Polypogon monspeilensis* Rabbitsfoot grass Poaceae Potentilla arguta Tall cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla biennis Biennial cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla glandulosa Sticky cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla gracilis Graceful cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla recta* Erect cinquefoil Rosaceae Prunus cerasifera* Cherry plum Rosaceae Prunus emarginata Bitter cherry Rosaceae Prunus virginiana Chokecherry Rosaceae Psoralea lanceolata Dune scurf-pea Fabaceae Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Polypodiaceae Puccinellia pauciflora Weak alkaligrass Poaceae Pyrola secunda One-sided wintergreen Ericaceae Ranunculus acris* Meadow buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus aquatilis Water buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus cymbalaria Shore buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus glaberrimus Sagebrush buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus orthorhynchus Straight-beak buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus uncinatus Little buttercup Ranunculaceae Rhus glabra Sumac Anacardiaceae Rhus radicans Poison ivy Anacardiaceae Ribes aureum Golden currant Grossulariaceae Ribes cereum Wax currant Grossulariaceae Ribes irriguum Idaho gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes lacustre Prickly currant Grossulariaceae Ribes niveum Snow gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes oxyacanthoides Northern gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes triste Wild red currant Grossulariaceae Ribes velutinum Gooding's gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes viscosissimum Sticky currant Grossulariaceae Ribes wolfii Wolf's current Grossulariaceae Rorippa curvisiliqua Western yellowcress Brassicaceae Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum* Water cress Brassicaceae Rosa gymnocarpa Baldhip rose Rosaceae Rosa nutkana Nootka rose Rosaceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 10 of 13

Rosa woodsii Wood's rose Rosaceae Rubus leucodermis Blackcap Rosaceae Rubus parviflorus Thimbleberry Rosaceae Rumex acetosella* Sheep sorrel Polygonaceae Rumex crispus* Sour dock Polygonaceae Rumex patientia* Patience dock Polygonaceae Rumex venosus Winged dock Polygonaceae Sagina saginoides Alpine pearlwort Caryophyllaceae Salix amygdaloides Peachleaf willow Salicaceae Salix exigua Coyote willow Salicaceae Salix rigida Mackenzie willow Salicaceae Salix scouleriana Scouler willow Salicaceae Sambucus cerulea Blue elderberry Caprifoliaceae Sanguisorba minor* Small burnet Rosaceae Sanguisorba occidentalis Annual burnet Rosaceae Saponaria officinalis* Bouncing Bett Caryophyllaceae Saxifraga arguta Brook saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga integrifolia Grassland saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga mertensiana Merten's saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga nidifica Nesting saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga occidentalis Western saxifrage Saxifragaceae Scirpus americanus Three-square bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus microcarpus Small-flowered bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus pallidus Pale bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus validus Soft-stem bulrush Cyperaceae Scleranthus annuus* Annual knawel Caryophyllaceae Sclerochloa dura* Hardgrass Poaceae Scutellaria angustifolia Narrow-leaved skullcap Lamiaceae Scutellaria antirrhinoides Snapdragon skullcap Lamiaceae Secaule cereale* Rye Poaceae Sedum leibergii Leiberg's stonecrop Crassulaceae Sedum stenopetalum Worm-leaf stonecrop Crassulaceae Selaginella wallacei Wallace's selaginella Selaginellaceae Senecio canus Woolly groundsel Asteraceae Senecio crassulus Thick-leaf groundsel Asteraceae Senecio foetidus Sweet-marsh butterweed Asteraceae Senecio integerrimus Western groundsel Asteraceae Setaria viridis* Green foxtail Poaceae Sidalcea oregana Oregon checkermallow Malvaceae Silene antirrhina* Sleepy catchfly Caryophyllaceae Silene conoidea Conoid catchfly Caryophyllaceae Silene oregana Oregon silene Caryophyllaceae Sisymbrium altissimum* Jim Hill mustard Brassicaceae Sisyrinchium inflatum Purple-eyed grass Iridaceae Sitanion jubatum Big squirreltail Poaceae Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's seal Liliaceae Smilacina stellata Star-flowered Solomon's seal Liliaceae Solanum americanum* American black nightshade Solanaceae Solanum sarrachoides Hairy nightshade Solanaceae Solidago gigantea Late goldenrod Asteraceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 11 of 13

Solidago occidentalis Western goldenrod Asteraceae Sonchus asper* Prickly sowthistle Asteraceae Sorbus scopulina Cascade mountain-ash Rosaceae Spergularia rubra* Red sandspurry Caryophyllaceae Sphaeralcea munroana White-leaved globe mallow Malvaceae Spiraea betulifolia Birch-leafed spirea Rosaceae Stachys palustris Swamp hedge-nettle Lamiaceae Stellaria media* Common chickweed Caryophyllaceae Stephanomeria tenuifolia Bush wirelettuce Asteraceae Stipa comata Rip-gut Poaceae Stipa lemmonii Lemmon's needlegrass Poaceae Streptopus amplexifolius Clasping-leaved twisted-stalk Liliaceae Symphoricarpos albus Common snowberry Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos oreophilus Mountain snowberry Caprifoliaceae Synthyris missurica Mountain kittytails Scrophulariaceae Taraxacum officinale* Dandelion Asteraceae Thalictrum occidentale Western meadowrue Ranunculaceae Thelypodium laciniatum Thick-leaved thelepody Brassicaceae Thermopsis montana Mountain golden-pea Fabaceae Thlaspi arvense* Fanweed Brassicaceae Thlaspi fendleri Fendler's pennycress Brassicaceae Thysanocarpus curvipes Fringepod Brassicaceae Tiarella trifoliata Foamflower Saxifragaceae Tonella floribunda Large-flowered tonella Scrophulariaceae Tragopogon dubius* Oysterplant Asteraceae Trautvetteria caroliniensis False bugbane Ranunculaceae Tribulus terrestris* Puncture vine Zygophyllaceae Trifolium eriocephalum Wooly-head clover Fabaceae Trifolium latifolium Twinclover Fabaceae Trifolium macrocephalum Big-headed clover Fabaceae Trifolium repens* White clover Fabaceae Trifolium variegatum White-tip clover Fabaceae Trillium ovatum White trillium Liliaceae Trillium petiolatum Purple trillium Liliaceae Triodanis perfoliata Venus' looking-glass Campanulaceae Urtica dioica Stinging nettle Urticaceae Vaccinium globulare Globe huckleberry Ericaceae Vaccinium membranaceum Mountain huckleberry Ericaceae Valeriana occidentlis Western valerian Valerianaceae Valeriana sitchensis Sitka valerian Valerianaceae Valerianella locusta* European corn salad Valerianaceae Veratrum californicum California false hellebore Liliaceae Verbascum blattaria* Moth mullein Scrophulariaceae Verbena bracteata Bracted vervain Verbenaceae Veronica americana American brooklime Scrophulariaceae Veronica peregrina Purslane speedwell Scrophulariaceae Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaf speedwell Scrophulariaceae Veronica verna* Spring speedwell Scrophulariaceae Vicia americana American vetch Fabaceae Vicia villosa* Hairy vetch Fabaceae WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 12 of 13

Viola adunca Early blue violet Violaceae Viola arvensis* Pansy Violaceae Viola canadensis Canadian violet Violaceae Viola glabella Stream violet Violaceae Viola nuttallii Yellow prairie violet Violaceae Viola odorata* English violet Violaceae Viola orbiculata Round-leaved violet Violaceae Vitis vinifera* Wine grape Vitaceae Woodsia oregana Oregon woodsia Polypodiaceae Wyethia amplexicaulis Northern mule's ears Asteraceae Xanthium spinosum* Spiny cocklebur Asteraceae Zigadenus paniculatus Panicled death-camas Liliaceae Zigadenus venenosus Meadow death camas Liliaceae

WNPS Plant Lists Asotin County, Washington Page 13 of 13

Vascular Plant List Columbia County

Columbia County Columbia County, WA. List covers plants found in Columbia County. Combination of plant lists of areas within Columbia County, with the addition of names of plants in the UW and WSU herbariums that were collected in Columbia County. 621 spp., 96 introduced. List prepared by Don Knoke, 2004.

* - Introduced Scientific Name Common Name Family Name Abies lasiocarpa Sub-alpine fir Pinaceae Acer glabrum Douglas maple Aceraceae Achillea millefolium Yarrow Asteraceae Aconitum columbianum Monkshood Ranunculaceae Actaea rubra Baneberry Ranunculaceae Adenocaulon bicolor Pathfinder Asteraceae Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair fern Polypodiaceae Agastache urticifolia Nettle-leaf horse-mint Lamiaceae Ageratina occidentalis* Agaratina Asteraceae Agoseris grandiflora Large-flowered agoseris Asteraceae Agoseris heterophylla Annual agoseris Asteraceae Agropyron repens* Quack grass Poaceae Agropyron spicatum Blue-bunch wheatgrass Poaceae Agrostis exarata* Spike bentgrass Poaceae Agrostis scabra Tickle-grass Poaceae Agrostis stolonifera Colonian bentgrass Poaceae Agrostis tenuis* Colonial bentgrass Poaceae Allium dictuon Blue Mountain onion Liliaceae Allium douglasii Douglas' onion Liliaceae Allium fibrillum Fringed onion Liliaceae Allium macrum Rock onion Liliaceae Allium tolmiei Tolmie's onion Liliaceae Alnus sinuata Sitka alder Betulaceae Alopecurus aequalis Short-awned foxtail Poaceae Alyssum alyssoides* Pale alyssum Brassicaceae Amaranthus blitoides Prostrate pigweed Amaranthaceae Amaranthus californicus California pigweed Amaranthaceae Amaranthus retroflexus* Red-root pigweed Amaranthaceae Amelanchier alnifolia Serviceberry Rosaceae Amsinckia tessellata Devil's lettuce Boraginaceae Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly everlasting Asteraceae Anemone oregana Oregon anemone Ranunculaceae Anemone piperi Piper's anemone Ranunculaceae Angelica arguta Sharp-tooth angelica Apiaceae Antennaria dimorpha Low pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria luzuloides Woodrush pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria microphylla Rosy pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria racemosa Raceme pussy-toes Asteraceae

WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 1 of 13

Anthemis cotula* Dog fennel Asteraceae Apocynum androsaemifolium Spreading dogbane Apocynaceae Aquilegia formosa Red columbine Ranunculaceae Arabis divaricarpa Spreadingpod rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis glabra Tower mustard Brassicaceae Arabis hirsuta Hairy rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis holboellii Holboell's rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis microphylla Small-leaf rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis sparsiflora Sicklepod rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis suffrutescens Crater Lake rockcress Brassicaceae Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas dwarf mistletoe Loranthaceae Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry Ericaceae Arenaria capillaris Thread-leaved sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arenaria congesta Dense-flowered sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arenaria lateriflora Bluntleaf sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arenaria macrophylla Big-leaf sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arnica cordifolia Heart-leaf arnica Asteraceae Arnica diversifolia Sticky arnica Asteraceae Arnica fulgens Hillside arnica Asteraceae Arnica latifolia Mountain arnica Asteraceae Artemisia ludoviciana Western mugwort Asteraceae Asclepias speciosa Showy milkweed Asclepiadaceae Asperugo procumbens* Madwort Boraginaceae Aspidotus densa Indian's dream fern Polypodiaceae Aster foliaceus Leafy aster Asteraceae Aster integrifolius Thick-stemmed Aster Asteraceae Aster jessicae Smooth-leaf aster Asteraceae Aster subspicatus Douglas' aster Asteraceae Astragalus canadensis Canada milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus collinus Hillside milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus purshii Pursh's milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus reventus Blue Mtn. milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus riparius Woody-root milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus spaldingii Spalding's milk vetch Fabaceae Astragalus whitneyi Balloon milk-vetch Fabaceae Athyrium filix-femina Lady fern Polypodiaceae Athysanus pusillus Sandweed Brassicaceae Avena fatua* Wild oats Poaceae Balsamorhiza incana Hoary balsamroot Asteraceae Balsamorhiza sagittata Arrow-leaf balsamroot Asteraceae Balsamorhiza serrata Toothed balsamroot Asteraceae Berberis repens Creeping Oregongrape Berberidaceae Besseya rubra Red besseya Scrophulariaceae Betula papyrifera Paper birch Betulaceae Blepharipappus scaber Blepharipappus Asteraceae Boisduvalia densiflora Dense spike-primrose Onagraceae Boisduvalia stricta Brook spike-primrose Onagraceae Brassica campestris* Common mustard Brassicaceae Bromus brizaeformis* Rattlesnake grass Poaceae Bromus carinatus California brome Poaceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 2 of 13

Bromus inermis* Smooth brome Poaceae Bromus mollis* Soft brome Poaceae Bromus rigidus* Ripgut brome Poaceae Bromus tectorum* Cheat grass Poaceae Bromus vulgaris Narrow-leaf brome Poaceae Calamagrostis rubescens Pinegrass Poaceae Calochortus elegans Northwest mariposa Liliaceae Calochortus subalpinus Subalpine mariposa Liliaceae Calypso bulbosa Fairy slipper Orchidaceae Camelina microcarpa* Hairy false-flax Brassicaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris* Shepherd's purse Brassicaceae Cardamine breweri Brewer's bittercress Brassicaceae Cardamine cordifolia Large mountain bittercress Brassicaceae Cardamine oligosperma Little Western bittercress Brassicaceae Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvania bittercress Brassicaceae Carex amplifolia Big-leaf sedge Cyperaceae Carex deweyana Dewey's sedge Cyperaceae Carex geyeri Geyer's sedge Cyperaceae Carex hystricina Porcupine sedge Cyperaceae Carex laeviculmis Smooth-stemmed sedge Cyperaceae Carex microptera Small-winged sedge Cyperaceae Carex multicostata Many-ribbed sedge Cyperaceae Carex pachystachya Pachystachy sedge Cyperaceae Carex retrorsa Knot-leaf sedge Cyperaceae Carex rossii Ross' sedge Cyperaceae Carex stipata Sawbeak sedge Cyperaceae Carex subfusca Rusty sedge Cyperaceae Castilleja hispida Harsh paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja miniata Scarlet paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja tenuis Hairy Indian paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Catabrosa aquatica Brookgrass Poaceae Ceanothus sanguineus Redstem ceanothus Rhamnaceae Ceanothus velutinus Snowbrush Rhamnaceae Centaurea cyanus* Batchelor button Asteraceae Centaurea maculosa* Spotted knapweed Asteraceae Centaurea solstitialis* Yellow starthistle Asteraceae Cerastium arvense Field chickweed Caryophyllaceae Cerastium nutans Nodding chickweed Caryophyllaceae Cerastium viscosum* Sticky chickweed Caryophyllaceae Cerastium vulgatum* Mouse-ear chickweed Caryophyllaceae Cercocarpus ledifolius Curl-leaf mountain-mohogany Rosaceae Chaenactis douglasii Dusty maidens Asteraceae Cheilanthes gracillima Lace fern Polypodiaceae Chenopodium album* Pigweed Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium botrys* Jerusalem oak Chenopodiaceae Chenopodium leptophyllum Slim-leaf goosefoot Chenopodiaceae Chimaphila menziesii Little pipsissewa Ericaceae Chimaphila umbellata Pipsissewa Ericaceae Chrysothamnus nauseosus Gray rabbit-brush Asteraceae Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Green rabbit-brush Asteraceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 3 of 13

Cichorium intybus* Chicory Asteraceae Circaea alpina Enchanter's nightshade Onagraceae Cirsium brevistylum Indian thistle Asteraceae Cirsium undulatum Wavy-leaved thistle Asteraceae Cirsium utahense Utah thistle Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare* Bull thistle Asteraceae Clarkia pulchella Ragged Robin Onagraceae Clarkia purpurea Purple godetia Onagraceae Clarkia rhomboidea Common clarkia Onagraceae Claytonia lanceolata Western spring beauty Portulacaceae Claytonia parviflora Streambank spring beauty Portulacaceae Claytonia rubra Red miner's lettuce Portulacaceae Clematis columbiana Columbia virgin's bower Ranunculaceae Clematis ligusticifolia Virgin's bower Ranunculaceae Clintonia uniflora Queen's cup Liliaceae Collinsia parviflora Small-flowered blue-eyed Mary Scrophulariaceae Collomia grandiflora Large-flowered collomia Polemoniaceae Collomia heterophylla Varied-leaf collomia Polemoniaceae Collomia linearis Narrow-leaf collomia Polemoniaceae Conyza canadensis* Horseweed Asteraceae Corallorhiza maculata Spotted coral-root Orchidaceae Corallorhiza striata Striped coral-root Orchidaceae Corallorhiza trifida Yellow coral-root Orchidaceae Cornus canadensis Bunchberry Cornaceae Cornus stolonifera Red-osier dogwood Cornaceae Crataegus douglasii Black hawthorn Rosaceae Crataegus sukdorfii Suksdorf's hawthorn Rosaceae Crepis acuminata Tapertip hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis atrabarba Slender hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis intermedia Gray hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis occidentalis Western hawksbeard Asteraceae Cryptantha affinis Slender cryptantha Boraginaceae Cryptantha simulans Pine woods cryptantha Boraginaceae Cryptantha torreyana Torrey's cryptantha Boraginaceae Cymopteris terebinthinus Turpentine spring-parsley Apiaceae Cyperus aristatus Awned flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus erythrorhizos Red-root flatsedge Cyperaceae Cypripedium montanum Mountain lady's-slipper Orchidaceae Dactylis glomerata* Orchard grass Poaceae Daucus carota* Queen Anne's lace Apiaceae Delphinium burkei Meadow larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium depauperatum Dwarf larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium nuttallianum Upland larkspur Ranunculaceae Deschampsia danthonioides Annual hairgrass Poaceae Deschampsia elongata Slender hairgrass Poaceae Descurainia pinnata Western tansymustard Brassicaceae Descurainia richardsonii Mountain tansymustard Brassicaceae Dianthus armeria* Grass pink Caryophyllaceae Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's breeches Fumariaceae Dicentra uniflora Steer's head Fumariaceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 4 of 13

Dipsacus sylvestris* Teasel Dipsacaceae Disporum hookeri Hooker fairy-bell Liliaceae Disporum trachycarpum Sierra fairy-bell Liliaceae Dodecatheon conjugens Desert shooting star Primulaceae Dodecatheon cusickii Cusick's shooting star Primulaceae Draba densifolia Nuttall's draba Brassicaceae Draba stenoloba Slender draba Brassicaceae Draba verna Spring whitlow-grass Brassicaceae Dryopteris filix-mas Male fern Polypodiaceae Eburophyton austiniae Phantom orchid Orchidaceae Echinochloa crus-galli* Barnyard-grass Poaceae Echinops ruthenicus* Globe-thistle Asteraceae Eleocharis ovata Ovoid spike-rush Cyperaceae Elodea canadensis Canadian waterweed Hydrocharitaceae Elymus cinereus Giant rye grass Poaceae Elymus glaucus Western ryegrass Poaceae Epilobium alpinum Alpine willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium angustifolium Fireweed Onagraceae Epilobium glaberrimum Smooth willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium glandulosum Common willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium minutum Small-flowered willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium paniculatum Tall annual willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium watsonii Watson's willow-herb Onagraceae Equisetum arvense Common horsetail Equisetaceae Equisetum fluviatale Swamp horsetail Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale Scouring rush Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum Smooth scouring-rush Equisetaceae Erigeron bloomeri Scabland fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron chrysopsidis Austin's daisy Asteraceae Erigeron disparipilus Snake River daisy Asteraceae Erigeron eatonii Eaton's daisy Asteraceae Erigeron peregrinus Subalpine daisy Asteraceae Erigeron pumilus Shaggy fleabane Asteraceae Eriogonum compositum Northern buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum douglasii Douglas' buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum flavum Yellow buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum heracleoides Parsnip-flowered buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum niveum Snow buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum sphaerocephalum Rock buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum strictum Strict buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum umbellatum Sulfur buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum vimineum Broom buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriophyllum lanatum Oregon sunshine Asteraceae Erodium cicutarium* Filaree Geraniaceae Erysimum asperum Rough wallflower Brassicaceae Erythronium grandiflorum Glacier lily Liliaceae Euphorbia serpyllifolia* Thyme-leaf spurge Euphorbiaceae Festuca idahoensis Blue bunchgrass Poaceae Festuca myuros* Rat-tail fescue Poaceae Festuca occidentalis Western fescue Poaceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 5 of 13

Festuca pratensis* Meadow fescue Poaceae Festuca rubra Red fescue Poaceae Festuca viridula Green fescue Poaceae Floerkea proserpinacoides False mermaid Limnanthaceae Fragaria vesca Wild strawberry Rosaceae Frasera fastigiata Clustered frasera Gentianaceae Fritillaria pudica Yellow bell Liliaceae Gaillardia aristata Blanket-flower Asteraceae Galium aparine Cleavers Rubiaceae Galium bifolium Low mountain bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium boreale Northern bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium serpenticum Intermountain bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium trifidum Small bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium triflorum Fragrant bedstraw Rubiaceae Gayophytum diffusum Spreading groundsmoke Onagraceae Gentiana calycosa Mountain bog gentian Gentianaceae Geranium bicknellii Bicknell's geranium Geraniaceae Geranium carolinianum Wild geranium Geraniaceae Geranium pusillum* Small flowered crane's-bill Geraniaceae Geranium viscosissimum Sticky geranium Geraniaceae Geum aleppicum Yellow avens Rosaceae Geum macrophyllum Large-leaved avens Rosaceae Geum triflorum Prairie smoke Rosaceae Gilia aggregata Skyrocket Polemoniaceae Glecoma hederacea* Creeping Charlie Lamiaceae Glyceria striata Fowl mannagrass Poaceae Gnaphalium microcephalum Slender cudweed Asteraceae Gnaphalium palustre Lowland cudweed Asteraceae Goodyera oblongifolia Rattlesnake-plantain Orchidaceae Grindelia nana Low gumweed Asteraceae Grindelia squarrosa Resinweed Asteraceae Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak fern Polypodiaceae Gypsophila paniculata* Baby's breath Caryophyllaceae Habenaria dilatata White bog-orchid Orchidaceae Habenaria saccata Slender bog-orchid Orchidaceae Habenaria unalascensis Alaska rein-orchid Orchidaceae Hackelia micrantha Blue stickseed Boraginaceae Haplopappus carthamoides Large-flowered goldenweed Asteraceae Helianthus annuus* Common sunflower Asteraceae Heracleum lanatum Cow parsnip Apiaceae Hesperochiron pumilis Dwarf hesperochiron Hydrophyllaceae Heuchera cylindrica Lava alumroot Saxifragaceae Heuchera micrantha Small-flowered alumroot Saxifragaceae Hieracium albiflorum White-flowered hawkweed Asteraceae Hieracium cynoglossoides Hounds-tongue hawkweed Asteraceae Hieracium gracile Slender hawkweed Asteraceae Hieracium scouleri Scouler's hawkweed Asteraceae Holcus lanatus* Common velvet grass Poaceae Holodiscus discolor Ocean spray Rosaceae Holosteum umbellatum* Jagged chickweed Caryophyllaceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 6 of 13

Hordeum geniculatum* Seaside barley Poaceae Hydrophyllum capitatum Woolly breeches Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllum fendleri Fendler's waterleaf Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllum tenuipes Pacific waterleaf Hydrophyllaceae Hypericum perforatum* Klamath weed Hypericaceae Hypericum scouleri Scouler's St. John's-wort Hypericaceae Iliamna rivularis Streambank globemallow Malvaceae Impatiens aurella Orange balsam Balsaminaceae Iva xanthifolia Tall marsh-elder Asteraceae Juglans nigra* Black walnut Juglandaceae Juncus bufonius* Toad rush Juncaceae Juncus confusus Colorado rush Juncaceae Juncus effusus Soft rush Juncaceae Juncus ensifolius Daggerleaf rush Juncaceae Juncus longistylus Long-beaked rush Juncaceae Juncus mertensianus Merten's rush Juncaceae Juncus parryi Parry's rush Juncaceae Juncus regelii Regel's rush Juncaceae Juncus tenuis Slender rush Juncaceae Juniperus occidentalis Western juniper Cupressaceae Kelloggia galioides Kelloggia Rubiaceae Koeleria cristata Prairie junegrass Poaceae Lactuca canadensis* Canada wild lettuce Asteraceae Lactuca serriola* Prickly lettuce Asteraceae Lagophylla ramosissima Common hareleaf Asteraceae Lamium amplexicaule* Henbit Lamiaceae Larix occidentalis Western larch Pinaceae Lathyrus lanszwertii Thick-leaved peavine Fabaceae Lathyrus latifolius* Everlasting peavine Fabaceae Lathyrus nevadensis Nuttall's peavine Fabaceae Lathyrus pauciflorus Few-flowered peavine Fabaceae Lewisia pygmaea Dwarf lewisia Portulacaceae Lewisia triphylla Three-leaf lewisia Portulacaceae Ligusticum canbyi Canby's lovage Apiaceae Linanthastrum nuttallii Linanthastrum Polemoniaceae Linanthus septentrionalis Northern linanthus Polemoniaceae Linaria vulgaris* Butter and eggs Scrophulariaceae Linnaea borealis Twinflower Caprifoliaceae Linum perenne Wild blue-flax Linaceae Listera caurina Northwestern twayblade Orchidaceae Listera convallarioides Broad-lipped twayblade Orchidaceae Lithophragma glabrum Smooth woodland-star Saxifragaceae Lithophragma parviflorum Small-flowered prairie-star Saxifragaceae Lithospermum ruderale Columbia puccoon Boraginaceae Lomatium ambiguum Swale desert-parsley Apiaceae Lomatium bicolor Slender-fruit lomatium Apiaceae Lomatium cous Cous biscuit-root Apiaceae Lomatium dissectum Fern-leaf biscuit-root Apiaceae Lomatium gormanii Gorman's desert-parsley Apiaceae Lomatium grayi Gray's desert-parsley Apiaceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 7 of 13

Lomatium macrocarpum Large-fruited lomatium Apiaceae Lomatium triternatum Nine-leaf lomatium Apiaceae Lonicera ciliosa Orange honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lonicera involucrata Black twinberry Caprifoliaceae Lonicera utahensis Utah honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lotus purshianus Spanish clover Fabaceae Lupinus caudatus Tailcup lupine Fabaceae Lupinus laxiflorus Spurred lupine Fabaceae Lupinus lepidus Prairie lupine Fabaceae Lupinus leucophyllus Velvet lupine Fabaceae Lupinus lyallii Alpine lupine Fabaceae Lupinus minimus Kettle Falls lupine Fabaceae Lupinus polyphyllus Big-leaf lupine Fabaceae Lupinus sericeus Silky lupine Fabaceae Lupinus sulphureus Sulphur lupine Fabaceae Lupinus wyethii Wyeth's lupine Fabaceae Luzula campestris Field woodrush Juncaceae Machaeranthera canescens Hoary aster Asteraceae Madia exigua Little tarweed Asteraceae Madia glomerata Mountain tarweed Asteraceae Madia gracilis Common tarweed Asteraceae Malva neglecta* Dwarf mallow Malvaceae Marrubium vulgare* Horehound Lamiaceae Matricaria matricarioides* Pineapple weed Asteraceae Medicago lupulina* Black medic Fabaceae Medicago sativa* Alfalfa Fabaceae Melica bulbosa Onion-grass Poaceae Melica fugax Little onion-grass Poaceae Melica subulata Alaska onion-grass Poaceae Melilotus officinalis* Yellow sweet-clover Fabaceae Mentha arvensis Field mint Lamiaceae Mentha spicata* Spearmint Lamiaceae Mentzelia dispersa Bushy mentzelia Loasaceae Mertensia longiflora Small bluebells Boraginaceae Mertensia paniculata Tall bluebells Boraginaceae Microseris nutans Nodding microseris Asteraceae Microsteris gracilis Pink microsteris Polemoniaceae Mimulus breweri Brewer's monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus floribundus Purple-stem monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus guttatus Common monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus lewisii Lewis's monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus moschatus Musk-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus nanus Dwarf purple monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mitella caulescens Leafy mitrewort Saxifragaceae Mitella pentandra Alpine mitrewort Saxifragaceae Mitella stauropetala Cross-shaped mitrewort Saxifragaceae Monardella odoratissima Mountain monardella Lamiaceae Moneses uniflora Woodnymph Ericaceae Monolepis nuttalliana Patata Chenopodiaceae Montia arenicola Sand montia Portulacaceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 8 of 13

Montia cordifolia Broad-leafed montia Portulacaceae Montia linearis Narrow-leaf montia Portulacaceae Montia parvifolia Streambank spring beauty Portulacaceae Montia perfoliata Miner's lettuce Portulacaceae Montia sibirica Candyflower Portulacaceae Montia spathulata Pale montia Portulacaceae Myosotis laxa Small-flowered forget-me-not Boraginaceae Myosotis scorpioides* Common forget-me-not Boraginaceae Myosotis verna Spring forget-me-knot Boraginaceae Myriophyllum sibericum Siberian water-milfoil Haloragaceae Navarretia divaricata Mountain navarretia Polemoniaceae Navarretia intertexta Needle-leaf navarretia Polemoniaceae Nemophila breviflora Great Basin nemophila Hydrophyllaceae Nepeta cataria* Catnip Lamiaceae Oenothera subacaulis Long-leaf evening-primrose Onagraceae Oplopanax horridum Devil's club Araliaceae Orobanche uniflora Naked broom-rape Orobanchaceae Orogenia linearifolia Great Basin orogenia Apiaceae Orthocarpus hispidus Hairy owl-clover Scrophulariaceae Osmorhiza depauperata Blunt-fruited sweet-cicely Apiaceae Osmorhiza occidentalis Western sweet-cicely Apiaceae Pachistima myrsinites Mountain box Celastraceae Paeonia brownii Wild peony Paeoniaceae Panicum capillare* Old witchgrass Poaceae Pedicularis bracteosa Bracted lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis contorta Coiled lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis racemosa Sickletop lousewort Scrophulariaceae Penstemon acuminatus Sand-dune penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon attenuatus Sulfur penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon deustus Hot-rock penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon fruticosus Shrubby penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon lyallii Lyall's penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon pennellianus Blue Mountain penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon rydbergii Rydberg's penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon speciosus Showy penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon venustus Blue mountain penstemon Scrophulariaceae Petasites frigidus Sweet coltsfoot Asteraceae Phacelia hastata White-leaf phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia heterophylla Varileaf phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia linearis Thread-leaf phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Philadelphus lewisii Mock-orange Hydrangeaceae Phlox caespitosa Tufted phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox longifolia Long-leaf phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox multiflora Many-flowered phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox viscida Sticky phlox Polemoniaceae Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Daggerpod Brassicaceae Phyllodoce empetriformis Red mountain heather Ericaceae Physocarpus malvaceus Mallow ninebark Rosaceae Picea engalmannii Engelmann spruce Pinaceae Pinus contorta Lodgepole pine Pinaceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 9 of 13

Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine Pinaceae Plagiobothrys scouleri Scouler's popcorn-flower Boraginaceae Plantago lanceolata* English plantain Plantaginaceae Plantago major* Common plantain Plantaginaceae Plectritis macrocera White plectritus Valerianaceae Poa annua Annual bluegrass Poaceae Poa bolanderi Bolander's bluegrass Poaceae Poa bulbosa* Bulbous bluegrass Poaceae Poa compressa Canadian bluegrass Poaceae Poa nervosa Wheeler's bluegrass Poaceae Poa palustris* Fowl meadow-grass Poaceae Poa secunda Merrill's bluegrass Poaceae Polemonium californicum California Jacob's-ladder Polemoniaceae Polemonium pulcherrimum Showy Jacob's ladder Polemoniaceae Polygonum aviculare* Doorweed Polygonaceae Polygonum bistortoides Mountain bistort Polygonaceae Polygonum convolvulus* Black bindweed Polygonaceae Polygonum douglasii Douglas' knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum kelloggii Kellogg's knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum majus Wiry knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum minimum Leafy dwarf knotweed Polygonaceae Polypogon monspeilensis* Rabbitsfoot grass Poaceae Polystichum lonchitis Holly fern Polypodiaceae Polystichum munitum Sword fern Polypodiaceae Populus tremuloides Quaking aspen Salicaceae Populus trichocarpa Black cottonwood Salicaceae Potentilla glandulosa Sticky cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla gracilis Graceful cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla recta* Erect cinquefoil Rosaceae Prunella vulgaris Self-heal Lamiaceae Prunus emarginata Bitter cherry Rosaceae Prunus virginiana Chokecherry Rosaceae Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Pinaceae Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Polypodiaceae Puccinellia pauciflora Weak alkaligrass Poaceae Pyrola minor Snowline pyrola Ericaceae Ranunculus aquatilis Water buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus cymbalaria Shore buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus glaberrimus Sagebrush buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus macounii Macoun's buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus populago Mountain buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus repens* Creeping buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus uncinatus Little buttercup Ranunculaceae Rhamnus purshiana Cascara Rhamnaceae Rhus glabra Sumac Anacardiaceae Ribes cereum Wax currant Grossulariaceae Ribes cognatum Umatilla gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes hudsonianum Northern black currant Grossulariaceae Ribes lacustre Prickly currant Grossulariaceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 10 of 13

Ribes oxyacanthoides Northern gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes viscosissimum Sticky currant Grossulariaceae Rorippa curvisiliqua Western yellowcress Brassicaceae Rorippa islandica Marsh yellowcress Brassicaceae Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum* Water cress Brassicaceae Rosa gymnocarpa Baldhip rose Rosaceae Rosa nutkana Nootka rose Rosaceae Rosa woodsii Wood's rose Rosaceae Rubus discolor* Himalayan blackberry Rosaceae Rubus idaeus Red raspberry Rosaceae Rubus leucodermis Blackcap Rosaceae Rubus parviflorus Thimbleberry Rosaceae Rudbeckia occidentalis Black head Asteraceae Rumex acetosella* Sheep sorrel Polygonaceae Rumex crispus* Sour dock Polygonaceae Rumex salicifolius Willow dock Polygonaceae Sagina saginoides Alpine pearlwort Caryophyllaceae Salix amygdaloides Peachleaf willow Salicaceae Salix exigua Coyote willow Salicaceae Salix lasiandra Pacific willow Salicaceae Salix lasiolepis Arroyo willow Salicaceae Salix rigida Mackenzie willow Salicaceae Salix scouleriana Scouler willow Salicaceae Salix sitchensis Sitka willow Salicaceae Salvia aethiops* Mediterranean sage Lamiaceae Sambucus cerulea Blue elderberry Caprifoliaceae Sambucus racemosa Red elderberry Caprifoliaceae Sanguisorba occidentalis Annual burnet Rosaceae Sanguisorba sitchensis Sitka burnet Rosaceae Sanicula graveolens Sierra sanicle Apiaceae Satureja douglasii Yerba buena Lamiaceae Saxifraga arguta Brook saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga integrifolia Grassland saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga mertensiana Merten's saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga occidentalis Western saxifrage Saxifragaceae Scirpus microcarpus Small-flowered bulrush Cyperaceae Scleranthus annuus* Annual knawel Caryophyllaceae Scrophularia lanceolata Lance-leaf figwort Scrophulariaceae Scutellaria angustifolia Narrow-leaved skullcap Lamiaceae Sedum lanceolatum Lance-leaved stonecrop Crassulaceae Sedum stenopetalum Worm-leaf stonecrop Crassulaceae Senecio canus Woolly groundsel Asteraceae Senecio foetidus Sweet-marsh butterweed Asteraceae Senecio integerrimus Western groundsel Asteraceae Senecio serra Tall butterweed Asteraceae Senecio streptanthifolius Cleft-leaf groundsel Asteraceae Senecio triangularis Arrowleaf groundsel Asteraceae Setaria viridis* Green foxtail Poaceae Sibbaldia procumbens Creeping sibbaldia Rosaceae Sidalcea neomexicana Salt spring checkerbloom Malvaceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 11 of 13

Sidalcea oregana Oregon checkermallow Malvaceae Silene antirrhina* Sleepy catchfly Caryophyllaceae Silene douglasii Douglas' silene Caryophyllaceae Silene menziesii Menzies' silene Caryophyllaceae Silene noctiflora* Night-flowering catchfly Caryophyllaceae Silene oregana Oregon silene Caryophyllaceae Sisymbrium altissimum* Jim Hill mustard Brassicaceae Sisymbrium loeselii* Loesel tumblemustard Brassicaceae Sisymbrium officinale* Hedge mustard Brassicaceae Sisyrinchium inflatum Purple-eyed grass Iridaceae Sitanion hystrix Squirreltail Poaceae Sitanion jubatum Big squirreltail Poaceae Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's seal Liliaceae Smilacina stellata Star-flowered Solomon's seal Liliaceae Solanum dulcamara* Bittersweet nightshade Solanaceae Solanum sarrachoides Hairy nightshade Solanaceae Solidago gigantea Late goldenrod Asteraceae Sonchus asper* Prickly sowthistle Asteraceae Sorbus scopulina Cascade mountain-ash Rosaceae Spergularia rubra* Red sandspurry Caryophyllaceae Spiraea betulifolia Birch-leafed spirea Rosaceae Spiraea densiflora Rosy spirea Rosaceae Spiranthes romanzoffiana Hooded ladies-tresses Orchidaceae Stellaria borealis Northern starwort Caryophyllaceae Stellaria crispa Crisped starwort Caryophyllaceae Stellaria longipes Long-stalked starwort Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media* Common chickweed Caryophyllaceae Stellaria umbellata Umbellate chickweed Caryophyllaceae Stipa lemmonii Lemmon's needlegrass Poaceae Stipa occidentalis Western needlegrass Poaceae Streptopus amplexifolius Clasping-leaved twisted-stalk Liliaceae Symphoricarpos albus Common snowberry Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos mollis Creeping snowberry Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos oreophilus Mountain snowberry Caprifoliaceae Synthyris missurica Mountain kittytails Scrophulariaceae Tanacetum vulgare* Common tansy Asteraceae Taraxacum laevigatum* Red-seeded dandelion Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale* Dandelion Asteraceae Taxus brevifolia Western yew Taxaceae Thalictrum occidentale Western meadowrue Ranunculaceae Thermopsis montana Mountain golden-pea Fabaceae Thlaspi arvense* Fanweed Brassicaceae Thlaspi fendleri Fendler's pennycress Brassicaceae Thysanocarpus curvipes Fringepod Brassicaceae Tiarella trifoliata Foamflower Saxifragaceae Tragopogon dubius* Oysterplant Asteraceae Trautvetteria caroliniensis False bugbane Ranunculaceae Trifolium eriocephalum Wooly-head clover Fabaceae Trifolium hybridum* Alsike clover Fabaceae Trifolium latifolium Twinclover Fabaceae WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 12 of 13

Trifolium longipes Long-stalked clover Fabaceae Trifolium macrocephalum Big-headed clover Fabaceae Trifolium pratense* Red clover Fabaceae Trillium petiolatum Purple trillium Liliaceae Trisetum canescens Tall trisetum Poaceae Trisetum cernuum Nodding trisetum Poaceae Trisetum spicatum Downy oat-grass Poaceae Typha latifolia Common cattail Typhaceae Urtica dioica Stinging nettle Urticaceae Vaccaria segetalis* Cowcockle Caryophyllaceae Vaccinium globulare Globe huckleberry Ericaceae Vaccinium membranaceum Mountain huckleberry Ericaceae Vaccinium scoparium Grouseberry Ericaceae Valeriana sitchensis Sitka valerian Valerianaceae Valerianella locusta* European corn salad Valerianaceae Veratrum californicum California false hellebore Liliaceae Veratrum viride Green false hellebore Liliaceae Verbascum blattaria* Moth mullein Scrophulariaceae Verbascum thapsus* Common mullein Scrophulariaceae Verbena bracteata Bracted vervain Verbenaceae Veronica americana American brooklime Scrophulariaceae Veronica arvensis* Field veronica Scrophulariaceae Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaf speedwell Scrophulariaceae Vicia americana American vetch Fabaceae Vicia villosa* Hairy vetch Fabaceae Viola adunca Early blue violet Violaceae Viola glabella Stream violet Violaceae Viola orbiculata Round-leaved violet Violaceae Viola purpurea Goosefoot violet Violaceae Wyethia amplexicaulis Northern mule's ears Asteraceae Zigadenus venenosus Meadow death camas Liliaceae

WNPS Plant Lists Columbia County, Washington Page 13 of 13

Vascular Plant List Garfield County

Garfield County Garfield County, WA. List covers plants found in Garfield County. Combination of lists of areas in Garfield County, with the addition of names of plants found in the UW and WSU herbariums. 788 spp., 101 introduced. List prepared by Don Knoke, 2004.

* - Introduced Scientific Name Common Name Family Name Abies grandis Grand fir Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Sub-alpine fir Pinaceae Acer glabrum Douglas maple Aceraceae Acer negundo* Box elder Aceraceae Achillea millefolium Yarrow Asteraceae Aconitum columbianum Monkshood Ranunculaceae Actaea rubra Baneberry Ranunculaceae Adenocaulon bicolor Pathfinder Asteraceae Adiantum pedatum Maidenhair fern Polypodiaceae Agastache urticifolia Nettle-leaf horse-mint Lamiaceae Agoseris aurantiaca Orange agoseris Asteraceae Agoseris glauca Mountain agoseris Asteraceae Agoseris grandiflora Large-flowered agoseris Asteraceae Agoseris heterophylla Annual agoseris Asteraceae Agropyron dasytachyum Thickspike wheatgrass Poaceae Agropyron intermedium* Intermediate ryegrass Poaceae Agropyron spicatum Blue-bunch wheatgrass Poaceae Agrostis scabra Tickle-grass Poaceae Agrostis spica-venti* Silky apera Poaceae Ailanthus altissima* Tree-of-Heaven Simaroubaceae Alisma plantago-aquatica American waterplantain Alismataceae Allium acuminatum Taper-tip onion Liliaceae Allium douglasii Douglas' onion Liliaceae Allium fibrillum Fringed onion Liliaceae Allium madidum Swamp onion Liliaceae Allium tolmiei Tolmie's onion Liliaceae Alnus incana Mountain alder Betulaceae Alnus rhombifolia White alder Betulaceae Alnus sinuata Sitka alder Betulaceae Alopecurus aequalis Short-awned foxtail Poaceae Alopecurus pratensis* Meadow foxtail Poaceae Alyssum alyssoides* Pale alyssum Brassicaceae Amaranthus blitoides Prostrate pigweed Amaranthaceae Ambrosia acanthicarpa Bur ragweed Asteraceae Amelanchier alnifolia Serviceberry Rosaceae Amorpha fruticosa False indigo Fabaceae Amsinckia lycopsoides Bugloss fiddleneck Boraginaceae Amsinckia retrorsa Rigid fiddleneck Boraginaceae Amsinckia tessellata Devil's lettuce Boraginaceae

WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 1 of 16

Anaphalis margaritacea Pearly everlasting Asteraceae Anemone piperi Piper's anemone Ranunculaceae Angelica arguta Sharp-tooth angelica Apiaceae Antennaria anaphaloides Tall pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria dimorpha Low pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria luzuloides Woodrush pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria microphylla Rosy pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria racemosa Raceme pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria stenophylla Narrow-leaf pussy-toes Asteraceae Antennaria umbrinella Umber pussy-toes Asteraceae Anthriscus scandicina* Bur chervil Apiaceae Apocynum androsaemifolium Spreading dogbane Apocynaceae Aquilegia formosa Red columbine Ranunculaceae Arabis divaricarpa Spreadingpod rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis glabra Tower mustard Brassicaceae Arabis holboellii Holboell's rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis lignifera Woody-branch rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis lyallii Lyall's rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis sparsiflora Sicklepod rockcress Brassicaceae Arabis suffrutescens Crater Lake rockcress Brassicaceae Arceuthobium americanum American mistletoe Loranthaceae Arceuthobium campylopodum Western dwarf mistletoe Loranthaceae Arceuthobium douglasii Douglas dwarf mistletoe Loranthaceae Arctium minus* Common burdock Asteraceae Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry Ericaceae Arenaria capillaris Thread-leaved sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arenaria congesta Dense-flowered sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arenaria macrophylla Big-leaf sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arenaria rubella Reddish sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arenaria serpyllifolia* Thyme-leaf sandwort Caryophyllaceae Arnica cordifolia Heart-leaf arnica Asteraceae Arnica fulgens Hillside arnica Asteraceae Arnica latifolia Mountain arnica Asteraceae Arnica longifolia Seep-spring arnica Asteraceae Arnica mollis Hairy arnica Asteraceae Arnica sororia Twin arnica Asteraceae Arrhenatheram elatius* Oat-grass Poaceae Artemisia absinthium* Absinthe Asteraceae Artemisia arbuscula Low sagebrush Asteraceae Artemisia ludoviciana Western mugwort Asteraceae Artemisia michauxiana Michaux mugwort Asteraceae Artemisia rigida Stiff sagebrush Asteraceae Artemisia tridentata Big sagebrush Asteraceae Artemisia vulgaris* Mugwort Asteraceae Asarum caudatum Wild ginger Aristolochiaceae Aspidotus densa Indian's dream fern Polypodiaceae Aster chilensis Long-leaf aster Asteraceae Aster conspicuus Showy aster Asteraceae Aster foliaceus Leafy aster Asteraceae Aster integrifolius Thick-stemmed Aster Asteraceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 2 of 16

Aster occidentalis Western aster Asteraceae Astragalus arrectus Palouse milkvetch Fabaceae Astragalus canadensis Canada milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus collinus Hillside milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus reventiformis Yakima milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus reventus Blue Mtn. milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus riparius Woody-root milk-vetch Fabaceae Astragalus spaldingii Spalding's milk vetch Fabaceae Astragalus whitneyi Balloon milk-vetch Fabaceae Athyrium distentifolium Alpine lady fern Polypodiaceae Athyrium filix-femina Lady fern Polypodiaceae Balsamorhiza careyana Carey's balsamroot Asteraceae Balsamorhiza sagittata Arrow-leaf balsamroot Asteraceae Balsamorhiza serrata Toothed balsamroot Asteraceae Barbarea orthoceras American wintercress Brassicaceae Barbarea vulgaris* Bitter wintercress Brassicaceae Berberis nervosa Cascade Oregongrape Berberidaceae Berberis repens Creeping Oregongrape Berberidaceae Besseya rubra Red besseya Scrophulariaceae Betula occidentalis Water birch Betulaceae Betula papyrifera Paper birch Betulaceae Bidens cernua Nodding beggar-ticks Asteraceae Blepharipappus scaber Blepharipappus Asteraceae Boisduvalia stricta Brook spike-primrose Onagraceae Brodiaea douglasii Douglas' brodiaea Liliaceae Bromus brizaeformis* Rattlesnake grass Poaceae Bromus carinatus California brome Poaceae Bromus ciliatus Fringed brome Poaceae Bromus inermis* Smooth brome Poaceae Bromus japonicus* Japanese brome Poaceae Bromus mollis* Soft brome Poaceae Bromus pacificus Pacific brome Poaceae Bromus tectorum* Cheat grass Poaceae Bromus vulgaris Narrow-leaf brome Poaceae Calamagrostis inexpansa Northern reedgrass Poaceae Calamagrostis purpurescens Purple pinegrass Poaceae Calamagrostis rubescens Pinegrass Poaceae Calochortus elegans Northwest mariposa Liliaceae Calochortus eurycarpus Wide-fruit mariposa Liliaceae Calochortus macrocarpus Sagebrush mariposa Liliaceae Calypso bulbosa Fairy slipper Orchidaceae Camassia quamash Common camas Liliaceae Capsella bursa-pastoris* Shepherd's purse Brassicaceae Cardamine cordifolia Large mountain bittercress Brassicaceae Cardamine integrifolia Milk maids Brassicaceae Cardamine oligosperma Little Western bittercress Brassicaceae Cardaria pubescens* Globepodded hoary cress Brassicaceae Carex amplifolia Big-leaf sedge Cyperaceae Carex aquatilis Water sedge Cyperaceae Carex concinnoides Northwest sedge Cyperaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 3 of 16

Carex deweyana Dewey's sedge Cyperaceae Carex filifolia Thread-leaf sedge Cyperaceae Carex geyeri Geyer's sedge Cyperaceae Carex haydeniana Hayden's sedge Cyperaceae Carex hoodii Hood's sedge Cyperaceae Carex illota Sheep sedge Cyperaceae Carex microptera Small-winged sedge Cyperaceae Carex multicostata Many-ribbed sedge Cyperaceae Carex pachystachya Pachystachy sedge Cyperaceae Carex preslii Presl's sedge Cyperaceae Carex rossii Ross' sedge Cyperaceae Carex rostrata Beaked sedge Cyperaceae Carex stipata Sawbeak sedge Cyperaceae Castilleja chromosa Desert paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja cusickii Cusick's paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja hispida Harsh paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja lutescens Green paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Castilleja miniata Scarlet paintbrush Scrophulariaceae Ceanothus integerrimus Deerbrush Rhamnaceae Ceanothus sanguineus Redstem ceanothus Rhamnaceae Ceanothus velutinus Snowbrush Rhamnaceae Centaurea cyanus* Batchelor button Asteraceae Centaurea maculosa* Spotted knapweed Asteraceae Centaurea nigra* Black knapweed Asteraceae Cerastium arvense Field chickweed Caryophyllaceae Cerastium nutans Nodding chickweed Caryophyllaceae Cercocarpus ledifolius Curl-leaf mountain-mohogany Rosaceae Chaenactis douglasii Dusty maidens Asteraceae Cheilanthes gracillima Lace fern Polypodiaceae Chenopodium rubrum* Red goosefoot Chenopodiaceae Chimaphila menziesii Little pipsissewa Ericaceae Chimaphila umbellata Pipsissewa Ericaceae Chorispora tenella* Blue mustard Brassicaceae Chrysanthemum leucanthemum* Ox-eye daisy Asteraceae Chrysopsis villosa Hairy golden-aster Asteraceae Chrysothamnus nauseosus Gray rabbit-brush Asteraceae Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Green rabbit-brush Asteraceae Cichorium intybus* Chicory Asteraceae Cicuta douglasii Water-hemlock Apiaceae Cinna latifolia Reedgrass Poaceae Circaea alpina Enchanter's nightshade Onagraceae Cirsium arvense* Canada thistle Asteraceae Cirsium foliosum Elk thistle Asteraceae Cirsium utahense Utah thistle Asteraceae Cirsium vulgare* Bull thistle Asteraceae Clarkia pulchella Ragged Robin Onagraceae Clarkia rhomboidea Common clarkia Onagraceae Claytonia lanceolata Western spring beauty Portulacaceae Claytonia parviflora Streambank spring beauty Portulacaceae Clematis columbiana Columbia virgin's bower Ranunculaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 4 of 16

Clematis ligusticifolia Virgin's bower Ranunculaceae Cleome lutea Yellow bee-plant Capparidaceae Clintonia uniflora Queen's cup Liliaceae Collinsia parviflora Small-flowered blue-eyed Mary Scrophulariaceae Collomia grandiflora Large-flowered collomia Polemoniaceae Collomia linearis Narrow-leaf collomia Polemoniaceae Collomia tenella Diffuse collomia Polemoniaceae Collomia tinctoria Yellow-staining collomia Polemoniaceae Comandra umbellata Bastard toad-flax Santalaceae Convolvulus arvensis* Field morning-glory Convolvulaceae Conyza canadensis* Horseweed Asteraceae Corallorhiza maculata Spotted coral-root Orchidaceae Corallorhiza mertensiana Western coral-root Orchidaceae Corallorhiza striata Striped coral-root Orchidaceae Corallorhiza trifida Yellow coral-root Orchidaceae Cordylanthus ramosus Much-branched birdbeak Scrophulariaceae Corispermum hyssopifolium* Common bugseed Chenopodiaceae Cornus canadensis Bunchberry Cornaceae Cornus stolonifera Red-osier dogwood Cornaceae Cotoneaster acutifolius* Siberian cotoneaster Rosaceae Crataegus douglasii Black hawthorn Rosaceae Crepis acuminata Tapertip hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis atrabarba Slender hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis barbigera Bearded hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis intermedia Gray hawksbeard Asteraceae Crepis occidentalis Western hawksbeard Asteraceae Cryptantha intermedia Common cryptantha Boraginaceae Cryptantha pterocarya Wing-nut cryptantha Boraginaceae Cryptantha torreyana Torrey's cryptantha Boraginaceae Cryptogramma crispa Parsley fern Polypodiaceae Cuscuta indecora Bigseed alfalfa dodder Cuscutaceae Cymopteris terebinthinus Turpentine spring-parsley Apiaceae Cynoglossum officinale* Common hound's-tongue Boraginaceae Cynosurus echinatus* Hedgehog dogtail Poaceae Cyperus aristatus Awned flatsedge Cyperaceae Cyperus erythrorhizos Red-root flatsedge Cyperaceae Cypripedium fasciculatum Clustered lady's-slipper Orchidaceae Cypripedium montanum Mountain lady's-slipper Orchidaceae Cystopteris fragilis Fragile fern Polypodiaceae Dactylis glomerata* Orchard grass Poaceae Danthonia californica California oatgrass Poaceae Danthonia spicata Poverty danthonia Poaceae Danthonia unispicata Few-flowered wild oatgrass Poaceae Delphinium burkei Meadow larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium depauperatum Dwarf larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium nuttallianum Upland larkspur Ranunculaceae Delphinium occidentale Western larkspur Ranunculaceae Deschampsia caespitosa Tufted hairgrass Poaceae Deschampsia danthonioides Annual hairgrass Poaceae Deschampsia elongata Slender hairgrass Poaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 5 of 16

Descurainia pinnata Western tansymustard Brassicaceae Descurainia richardsonii Mountain tansymustard Brassicaceae Descurainia sophia* Flixweed Brassicaceae Dianthus armeria* Grass pink Caryophyllaceae Dicentra cucullaria Dutchman's breeches Fumariaceae Dicentra uniflora Steer's head Fumariaceae Dipsacus sylvestris* Teasel Dipsacaceae Disporum hookeri Hooker fairy-bell Liliaceae Disporum trachycarpum Sierra fairy-bell Liliaceae Dodecatheon conjugens Desert shooting star Primulaceae Dodecatheon cusickii Cusick's shooting star Primulaceae Dodecatheon jeffreyi Jeffrey's shooting star Primulaceae Dodecatheon pulchellum Few-flowered shooting star Primulaceae Draba lonchocarpa Lancefruited draba Brassicaceae Draba verna Spring whitlow-grass Brassicaceae Dryopteris filix-mas Male fern Polypodiaceae Eburophyton austiniae Phantom orchid Orchidaceae Eleocharis acicularis Needle spike-rush Cyperaceae Eleocharis tenuis Slender spike-rush Cyperaceae Elymus caput-medusa* Medusa-head Poaceae Elymus flavescens Sand wildrye Poaceae Elymus glaucus Western ryegrass Poaceae Epilobium alpinum Alpine willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium angustifolium Fireweed Onagraceae Epilobium glaberrimum Smooth willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium glandulosum Common willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium minutum Small-flowered willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium palustre Swamp willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium paniculatum Tall annual willow-herb Onagraceae Epilobium watsonii Watson's willow-herb Onagraceae Equisetum arvense Common horsetail Equisetaceae Equisetum hyemale Scouring rush Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum Smooth scouring-rush Equisetaceae Equisetum palustre Marsh horsetail Equisetaceae Eragrostis pectinacea Purple lovegrass Poaceae Erigeron bloomeri Scabland fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron chrysopsidis Austin's daisy Asteraceae Erigeron compositus Cut-leaved daisy Asteraceae Erigeron corymbosus Long-leaf fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron disparipilus Snake River daisy Asteraceae Erigeron eatonii Eaton's daisy Asteraceae Erigeron elegantulus Volcanic daisy Asteraceae Erigeron filifolius Thread-leaf fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron linearis Desert yellow daisy Asteraceae Erigeron peregrinus Subalpine daisy Asteraceae Erigeron poliospermus Cushion fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron pumilus Shaggy fleabane Asteraceae Erigeron speciosus Showy fleabane Asteraceae Eriogonum compositum Northern buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum douglasii Douglas' buckwheat Polygonaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 6 of 16

Eriogonum flavum Yellow buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum heracleoides Parsnip-flowered buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum niveum Snow buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum pyrolifolium Alpine buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum strictum Strict buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum umbellatum Sulfur buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriogonum vimineum Broom buckwheat Polygonaceae Eriophyllum lanatum Oregon sunshine Asteraceae Erodium cicutarium* Filaree Geraniaceae Erysimum arenicola Mountain wallflower Brassicaceae Erysimum asperum Rough wallflower Brassicaceae Erysimum occidentale Pale wallflower Brassicaceae Erythronium grandiflorum Glacier lily Liliaceae Eschscholtzia californica* California poppy Papaveraceae Euphorbia glyptosperma Ribseed sandmat Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia serpyllifolia* Thyme-leaf spurge Euphorbiaceae Festuca idahoensis Blue bunchgrass Poaceae Festuca myuros* Rat-tail fescue Poaceae Festuca occidentalis Western fescue Poaceae Festuca octoflora Slender fescue Poaceae Festuca ovina Sheep fescue Poaceae Festuca rubra Red fescue Poaceae Festuca scabrella Rough fescue Poaceae Festuca subulata Bearded fescue Poaceae Floerkea proserpinacoides False mermaid Limnanthaceae Fragaria vesca Wild strawberry Rosaceae Fragaria virginiana Woods strawberry Rosaceae Frasera fastigiata Clustered frasera Gentianaceae Fritillaria pudica Yellow bell Liliaceae Gaillardia aristata Blanket-flower Asteraceae Galium aparine Cleavers Rubiaceae Galium asperrimum Rough bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium bifolium Low mountain bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium boreale Northern bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium multiflorum Shrubby bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium serpenticum Intermountain bedstraw Rubiaceae Galium triflorum Fragrant bedstraw Rubiaceae Gaultheria humifusa Alpine wintergreen Ericaceae Gaultheria ovatifolia Slender wintergreen Ericaceae Gayophytum diffusum Spreading groundsmoke Onagraceae Gayophytum ramosissimum Hairstem groundsmoke Onagraceae Gentiana amarella Norhern gentian Gentianaceae Geranium molle* Dovefoot geranium Geraniaceae Geranium viscosissimum Sticky geranium Geraniaceae Geum macrophyllum Large-leaved avens Rosaceae Geum triflorum Prairie smoke Rosaceae Gilia aggregata Skyrocket Polemoniaceae Gilia capillaris Smooth-leaved gilia Polemoniaceae Glyceria grandis Reed mannagrss Poaceae Glyceria striata Fowl mannagrass Poaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 7 of 16

Glycyrrhiza lepidota Licorice-root Fabaceae Gnaphalium palustre Lowland cudweed Asteraceae Goodyera oblongifolia Rattlesnake-plantain Orchidaceae Grindelia nana Low gumweed Asteraceae Grindelia squarrosa Resinweed Asteraceae Gymnocarpium dryopteris Oak fern Polypodiaceae Habenaria dilatata White bog-orchid Orchidaceae Habenaria elegans Elegant rein-orchid Orchidaceae Habenaria saccata Slender bog-orchid Orchidaceae Habenaria unalascensis Alaska rein-orchid Orchidaceae Hackelia micrantha Blue stickseed Boraginaceae Haplopappus acaulis Stemless goldenweed Asteraceae Haplopappus carthamoides Large-flowered goldenweed Asteraceae Haplopappus hirtus Hairy goldenweed Asteraceae Haplopappus lanuginosus Woolly goldenweed Asteraceae Haplopappus stenophyllus Narrow-leaf goldenweed Asteraceae Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Asteraceae Helianthella uniflora Little-sunflower Asteraceae Heracleum lanatum Cow parsnip Apiaceae Hesperochiron pumilis Dwarf hesperochiron Hydrophyllaceae Heterocodon rariflorum Heterocodon Campanulaceae Heuchera cylindrica Lava alumroot Saxifragaceae Hieracium albiflorum White-flowered hawkweed Asteraceae Hieracium cynoglossoides Hounds-tongue hawkweed Asteraceae Hieracium scouleri Scouler's hawkweed Asteraceae Holodiscus discolor Ocean spray Rosaceae Holosteum umbellatum* Jagged chickweed Caryophyllaceae Hordeum jubatum Foxtail barley Poaceae Hydrophyllum capitatum Woolly breeches Hydrophyllaceae Hydrophyllum fendleri Fendler's waterleaf Hydrophyllaceae Hypericum formosum Western St.John's-wort Hypericaceae Hypericum perforatum* Klamath weed Hypericaceae Hypopites monotropa Many-flowered indian pipe Ericaceae Iliamna rivularis Streambank globemallow Malvaceae Impatiens aurella Orange balsam Balsaminaceae Iris missouriensis Western blue flag Iridaceae Iva axillaris Poverty weed Asteraceae Juncus balticus Baltic rush Juncaceae Juncus bufonius* Toad rush Juncaceae Juncus ensifolius Daggerleaf rush Juncaceae Juncus filiformis Thread rush Juncaceae Juncus longistylus Long-beaked rush Juncaceae Juncus mertensianus Merten's rush Juncaceae Juncus tenuis Slender rush Juncaceae Juniperus occidentalis Western juniper Cupressaceae Juniperus scopulorum Rocky Mountain juniper Cupressaceae Koeleria cristata Prairie junegrass Poaceae Lactuca serriola* Prickly lettuce Asteraceae Lagophylla ramosissima Common hareleaf Asteraceae Larix occidentalis Western larch Pinaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 8 of 16

Lathyrus lanszwertii Thick-leaved peavine Fabaceae Lathyrus pauciflorus Few-flowered peavine Fabaceae Lemna minor Common duckweed Lemnaceae Leontodon nudicaulis* Hairy hawkbit Asteraceae Lepidium perfoliatum* Clasping peppergrass Brassicaceae Lepidium virginicum* Tall pepperweed Brassicaceae Leptodactylon pungens Prickly phlox Polemoniaceae Lewisia pygmaea Dwarf lewisia Portulacaceae Lewisia triphylla Three-leaf lewisia Portulacaceae Ligusticum canbyi Canby's lovage Apiaceae Ligusticum grayi Gray's lovage Apiaceae Linanthastrum nuttallii Linanthastrum Polemoniaceae Linanthus harknessii Harkness' linanthus Polemoniaceae Linanthus septentrionalis Northern linanthus Polemoniaceae Linaria dalmatica* Dalmatian toad-flax Scrophulariaceae Linnaea borealis Twinflower Caprifoliaceae Linum perenne Wild blue-flax Linaceae Listera caurina Northwestern twayblade Orchidaceae Listera convallarioides Broad-lipped twayblade Orchidaceae Listera cordata Heart-leaved twayblade Orchidaceae Lithophragma glabrum Smooth woodland-star Saxifragaceae Lithophragma parviflorum Small-flowered prairie-star Saxifragaceae Lithospermum arvense* Corn gromwell Boraginaceae Lithospermum ruderale Columbia puccoon Boraginaceae Lolium multiflorum* Italian ryegrass Poaceae Lolium perenne* English ryegrass Poaceae Lomatium ambiguum Swale desert-parsley Apiaceae Lomatium bicolor Slender-fruit lomatium Apiaceae Lomatium cous Cous biscuit-root Apiaceae Lomatium dissectum Fern-leaf biscuit-root Apiaceae Lomatium grayi Gray's desert-parsley Apiaceae Lomatium leptocarpum Bi-color biscuit-root Apiaceae Lomatium macrocarpum Large-fruited lomatium Apiaceae Lomatium salmoniflorum Salmon River lomatium Apiaceae Lomatium triternatum Nine-leaf lomatium Apiaceae Lonicera ciliosa Orange honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lonicera involucrata Black twinberry Caprifoliaceae Lonicera utahensis Utah honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae Lotus purshianus Spanish clover Fabaceae Lupinus argenteus Silvery lupine Fabaceae Lupinus caudatus Tailcup lupine Fabaceae Lupinus holosericeus Little-flowered lupine Fabaceae Lupinus laxiflorus Spurred lupine Fabaceae Lupinus lepidus Prairie lupine Fabaceae Lupinus leucophyllus Velvet lupine Fabaceae Lupinus minimus Kettle Falls lupine Fabaceae Lupinus polyphyllus Big-leaf lupine Fabaceae Lupinus pusillus Annual lupine Fabaceae Lupinus sericeus Silky lupine Fabaceae Lupinus sulphureus Sulphur lupine Fabaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 9 of 16

Lupinus wyethii Wyeth's lupine Fabaceae Luzula campestris Field woodrush Juncaceae Luzula spicata Spiked woodrush Juncaceae Lychnis alba* White campion Caryophyllaceae Lythrum salicaria* Purple loosestrife Lythraceae Machaeranthera canescens Hoary aster Asteraceae Machaeranthera shastensis Shasta aster Asteraceae Madia glomerata Mountain tarweed Asteraceae Madia gracilis Common tarweed Asteraceae Madia minima Small-head tarweed Asteraceae Marsilea vestita Clover fern Marsileaceae Matricaria matricarioides* Pineapple weed Asteraceae Medicago falcata* Sickle medic Fabaceae Medicago lupulina* Black medic Fabaceae Medicago sativa* Alfalfa Fabaceae Melica bulbosa Onion-grass Poaceae Melica fugax Little onion-grass Poaceae Melica spectabilis Showy oniongrass Poaceae Melica subulata Alaska onion-grass Poaceae Melilotus alba* White sweet-clover Fabaceae Melilotus officinalis* Yellow sweet-clover Fabaceae Mentha arvensis Field mint Lamiaceae Mentha citrata* Bergamot mint Lamiaceae Mentzelia albicaulis White-stemmed mentzelia Loasaceae Mentzelia dispersa Bushy mentzelia Loasaceae Mentzelia laevicaulis Blazingstar Loasaceae Menziesia ferruginea Fool's huckleberry Ericaceae Mertensia ciliata Broad-leaf bluebells Boraginaceae Mertensia longiflora Small bluebells Boraginaceae Mertensia oblongifolia Leafy bluebells Boraginaceae Mertensia paniculata Tall bluebells Boraginaceae Mertensia viridis Green bluebells Boraginaceae Microseris nutans Nodding microseris Asteraceae Microseris troximoides Wavyleaf microseris Asteraceae Microsteris gracilis Pink microsteris Polemoniaceae Mimulus breviflorus Short-flowered monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus breweri Brewer's monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus guttatus Common monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus lewisii Lewis's monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus moschatus Musk-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus nanus Dwarf purple monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus primuloides Primrose monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mimulus tilingii Mountain monkey-flower Scrophulariaceae Mitella breweri Brewer's mitrewort Saxifragaceae Mitella caulescens Leafy mitrewort Saxifragaceae Mitella pentandra Alpine mitrewort Saxifragaceae Mitella stauropetala Cross-shaped mitrewort Saxifragaceae Monardella odoratissima Mountain monardella Lamiaceae Moneses uniflora Woodnymph Ericaceae Monotropa uniflora Single-flowered indian pipe Ericaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 10 of 16

Montia arenicola Sand montia Portulacaceae Montia cordifolia Broad-leafed montia Portulacaceae Montia linearis Narrow-leaf montia Portulacaceae Montia perfoliata Miner's lettuce Portulacaceae Montia sibirica Candyflower Portulacaceae Muhlenbergia mexicana Leafy muhly Poaceae Myosotis laxa Small-flowered forget-me-not Boraginaceae Myosotis micrantha* Blue forget-me-not Boraginaceae Myosotis scorpioides* Common forget-me-not Boraginaceae Myosurus minimus Common mousetail Ranunculaceae Navarretia divaricata Mountain navarretia Polemoniaceae Navarretia intertexta Needle-leaf navarretia Polemoniaceae Nemophila breviflora Great Basin nemophila Hydrophyllaceae Nemophila kirtleyi Kirtley's nemophila Hydrophyllaceae Nemophila parviflora Small-flowered nemophila Hydrophyllaceae Nemophila pedunculata Meadow nemophila Hydrophyllaceae Oenothera hookeri Hooker's evening-primrose Onagraceae Oenothera pallida White-stemmed e-p Onagraceae Oenothera strigosa Common evening-primrose Onagraceae Oplopanax horridum Devil's club Araliaceae Orobanche fasciculata Clustered broomrape Orobanchaceae Orobanche pinorum Pine broomrape Orobanchaceae Orobanche uniflora Naked broom-rape Orobanchaceae Orogenia linearifolia Great Basin orogenia Apiaceae Orthocarpus hispidus Hairy owl-clover Scrophulariaceae Orthocarpus tenuifolius Thin-leaved owl-clover Scrophulariaceae Osmorhiza chilensis Mountain sweet-cicely Apiaceae Osmorhiza depauperata Blunt-fruited sweet-cicely Apiaceae Osmorhiza occidentalis Western sweet-cicely Apiaceae Pachistima myrsinites Mountain box Celastraceae Paeonia brownii Wild peony Paeoniaceae Panicum capillare* Old witchgrass Poaceae Papaver argemone* Long prickly-headed poppy Papaveraceae Pedicularis bracteosa Bracted lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis contorta Coiled lousewort Scrophulariaceae Pedicularis racemosa Sickletop lousewort Scrophulariaceae Penstemon attenuatus Sulfur penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon davidsonii Davidson's penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon deustus Hot-rock penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon diphyllus Two-leaf penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon fruticosus Shrubby penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon glandulosus Glandular penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon pennellianus Blue Mountain penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon rydbergii Rydberg's penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon speciosus Showy penstemon Scrophulariaceae Penstemon venustus Blue mountain penstemon Scrophulariaceae Perideridia bolanderi Bolander's yampah Apiaceae Perideridia gairdneri Yampah Apiaceae Petasites frigidus Sweet coltsfoot Asteraceae Phacelia hastata White-leaf phacelia Hydrophyllaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 11 of 16

Phacelia heterophylla Varileaf phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia linearis Thread-leaf phacelia Hydrophyllaceae Philadelphus lewisii Mock-orange Hydrangeaceae Phleum alpinum Alpine timothy Poaceae Phleum pratense* Timothy Poaceae Phlox caespitosa Tufted phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox diffusa Spreading phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox longifolia Long-leaf phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox pulvinata Cushion phlox Polemoniaceae Phlox viscida Sticky phlox Polemoniaceae Phoenicaulis cheiranthoides Daggerpod Brassicaceae Phyllodoce empetriformis Red mountain heather Ericaceae Physaria oregana Oregon twinpod Brassicaceae Physocarpus capitatus Pacific ninebark Rosaceae Physocarpus malvaceus Mallow ninebark Rosaceae Picea engalmannii Engelmann spruce Pinaceae Pinus contorta Lodgepole pine Pinaceae Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine Pinaceae Plagiobothrys scouleri Scouler's popcorn-flower Boraginaceae Plantago lanceolata* English plantain Plantaginaceae Plantago major* Common plantain Plantaginaceae Plectritis macrocera White plectritus Valerianaceae Poa annua Annual bluegrass Poaceae Poa bulbosa* Bulbous bluegrass Poaceae Poa compressa Canadian bluegrass Poaceae Poa nemoralis Wood bluegrass Poaceae Poa nervosa Wheeler's bluegrass Poaceae Poa palustris* Fowl meadow-grass Poaceae Poa pratensis* Kentucky bluegrass Poaceae Poa sandbergii Sandberg's bluegrass Poaceae Poa scabrella Pine bluegrass Poaceae Poa secunda Merrill's bluegrass Poaceae Polemonium californicum California Jacob's-ladder Polemoniaceae Polemonium occidentale Western polemonium Polemoniaceae Polemonium pectinatum Washington polemonium Polemoniaceae Polemonium pulcherrimum Showy Jacob's ladder Polemoniaceae Polygonum aviculare* Doorweed Polygonaceae Polygonum bistortoides Mountain bistort Polygonaceae Polygonum douglasii Douglas' knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum exsertum Long-fruit knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum kelloggii Kellogg's knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum majus Wiry knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum minimum Leafy dwarf knotweed Polygonaceae Polygonum polygaloides White-margined knotweed Polygonaceae Polypodium hesperium Western polypody Polypodiaceae Polypogon monspeilensis* Rabbitsfoot grass Poaceae Polystichum munitum Sword fern Polypodiaceae Polystichum scopulinum Rock sword-fern Polypodiaceae Populus tremuloides Quaking aspen Salicaceae Populus trichocarpa Black cottonwood Salicaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 12 of 16

Portulaca oleracea* Purslane Portulacaceae Potentilla biennis Biennial cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla glandulosa Sticky cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla gracilis Graceful cinquefoil Rosaceae Potentilla recta* Erect cinquefoil Rosaceae Prunella vulgaris Self-heal Lamiaceae Prunus cerasus* Sour cherry Rosaceae Prunus domestica* Plum Rosaceae Prunus emarginata Bitter cherry Rosaceae Prunus virginiana Chokecherry Rosaceae Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Pinaceae Psoralea lanceolata Dune scurf-pea Fabaceae Pteridium aquilinum Bracken Polypodiaceae Pterospora andromedea Pinedrops Ericaceae Purshia tridentata Bitterbrush Rosaceae Pyrola asarifolia Pink wintergreen Ericaceae Pyrola chlorantha Green wintergreen Ericaceae Pyrola picta White-veined wintergreen Ericaceae Pyrola secunda One-sided wintergreen Ericaceae Pyrus communis* Pear Rosaceae Pyrus malus* Apple Rosaceae Ranunculus glaberrimus Sagebrush buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus orthorhynchus Straight-beak buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus populago Mountain buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus sceleratus Celery-leaved buttercup Ranunculaceae Ranunculus uncinatus Little buttercup Ranunculaceae Rhamnus alnifolia Alder buckthorn Rhamnaceae Rhamnus purshiana Cascara Rhamnaceae Ribes aureum Golden currant Grossulariaceae Ribes cereum Wax currant Grossulariaceae Ribes cognatum Umatilla gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes hudsonianum Northern black currant Grossulariaceae Ribes inerme White-stem gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes irriguum Idaho gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes lacustre Prickly currant Grossulariaceae Ribes niveum Snow gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes oxyacanthoides Northern gooseberry Grossulariaceae Ribes viscosissimum Sticky currant Grossulariaceae Ribes wolfii Wolf's current Grossulariaceae Robinia pseudoacacia* Black locust Fabaceae Rorippa curvisiliqua Western yellowcress Brassicaceae Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum* Water cress Brassicaceae Rosa gymnocarpa Baldhip rose Rosaceae Rosa nutkana Nootka rose Rosaceae Rosa woodsii Wood's rose Rosaceae Rubus idaeus Red raspberry Rosaceae Rubus laciniatus* Evergreen blackberry Rosaceae Rubus leucodermis Blackcap Rosaceae Rubus parviflorus Thimbleberry Rosaceae Rubus ursinus Wild blackberry Rosaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 13 of 16

Rudbeckia occidentalis Black head Asteraceae Rumex acetosella* Sheep sorrel Polygonaceae Rumex crispus* Sour dock Polygonaceae Rumex patientia* Patience dock Polygonaceae Rumex paucifolius Mountain sorrel Polygonaceae Rumex salicifolius Willow dock Polygonaceae Rumex venosus Winged dock Polygonaceae Sagittaria cuneata Wapato Alismataceae Salix amygdaloides Peachleaf willow Salicaceae Salix commutata Variable willow Salicaceae Salix exigua Coyote willow Salicaceae Salix lasiandra Pacific willow Salicaceae Salix rigida Mackenzie willow Salicaceae Salix scouleriana Scouler willow Salicaceae Salsola kali* Russian thistle Chenopodiaceae Sambucus cerulea Blue elderberry Caprifoliaceae Sambucus racemosa Red elderberry Caprifoliaceae Sanguisorba occidentalis Annual burnet Rosaceae Sanguisorba sitchensis Sitka burnet Rosaceae Sanicula graveolens Sierra sanicle Apiaceae Saussurea americana American sawwort Asteraceae Saxifraga arguta Brook saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga integrifolia Grassland saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga mertensiana Merten's saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga nidifica Nesting saxifrage Saxifragaceae Saxifraga occidentalis Western saxifrage Saxifragaceae Scirpus acutus Hard-stem bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus americanus Three-square bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus maritimus Seacoast bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus microcarpus Small-flowered bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus nevadensis Nevada bulrush Cyperaceae Scirpus olneyi Olney's bulrush Cyperaceae Scrophularia lanceolata Lance-leaf figwort Scrophulariaceae Scutellaria angustifolia Narrow-leaved skullcap Lamiaceae Scutellaria antirrhinoides Snapdragon skullcap Lamiaceae Sedum lanceolatum Lance-leaved stonecrop Crassulaceae Sedum leibergii Leiberg's stonecrop Crassulaceae Sedum stenopetalum Worm-leaf stonecrop Crassulaceae Selaginella densa Compact selaginella Selaginellaceae Selaginella wallacei Wallace's selaginella Selaginellaceae Senecio canus Woolly groundsel Asteraceae Senecio crassulus Thick-leaf groundsel Asteraceae Senecio foetidus Sweet-marsh butterweed Asteraceae Senecio integerrimus Western groundsel Asteraceae Senecio serra Tall butterweed Asteraceae Senecio streptanthifolius Cleft-leaf groundsel Asteraceae Senecio triangularis Arrowleaf groundsel Asteraceae Senecio vulgaris* Common groundsel Asteraceae Setaria lutescens* Yellow foxtail Poaceae Sidalcea oregana Oregon checkermallow Malvaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 14 of 16

Silene douglasii Douglas' silene Caryophyllaceae Silene menziesii Menzies' silene Caryophyllaceae Silene oregana Oregon silene Caryophyllaceae Sisymbrium altissimum* Jim Hill mustard Brassicaceae Sisyrinchium douglasii Grass-widow Iridaceae Sisyrinchium inflatum Purple-eyed grass Iridaceae Sitanion hystrix Squirreltail Poaceae Sitanion jubatum Big squirreltail Poaceae Smilacina racemosa False Solomon's seal Liliaceae Smilacina stellata Star-flowered Solomon's seal Liliaceae Solidago gigantea Late goldenrod Asteraceae Solidago missouriensis Missouri goldenrod Asteraceae Solidago occidentalis Western goldenrod Asteraceae Sorbus scopulina Cascade mountain-ash Rosaceae Spergularia rubra* Red sandspurry Caryophyllaceae Sphaeralcea munroana White-leaved globe mallow Malvaceae Sphenopholis obtusata Wedgegrass Poaceae Sphenosciadium capitellatum Swamp white-heads Apiaceae Spiraea betulifolia Birch-leafed spirea Rosaceae Stellaria crispa Crisped starwort Caryophyllaceae Stellaria graminea* Lesser starwort Caryophyllaceae Stellaria longifolia Long-leaved starwort Caryophyllaceae Stellaria longipes Long-stalked starwort Caryophyllaceae Stellaria media* Common chickweed Caryophyllaceae Stipa comata Rip-gut Poaceae Stipa lemmonii Lemmon's needlegrass Poaceae Stipa lettermanii Letterman's needlegrass Poaceae Stipa occidentalis Western needlegrass Poaceae Streptopus amplexifolius Clasping-leaved twisted-stalk Liliaceae Symphoricarpos albus Common snowberry Caprifoliaceae Symphoricarpos oreophilus Mountain snowberry Caprifoliaceae Synthyris missurica Mountain kittytails Scrophulariaceae Syringa vulgaris* Lilac Oleaceae Tanacetum vulgare* Common tansy Asteraceae Taraxacum ceratophorum Horned dandelion Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale* Dandelion Asteraceae Taxus brevifolia Western yew Taxaceae Thalictrum fendleri Fendler's meadowrue Ranunculaceae Thalictrum occidentale Western meadowrue Ranunculaceae Thelypodium laciniatum Thick-leaved thelepody Brassicaceae Thermopsis montana Mountain golden-pea Fabaceae Thlaspi arvense* Fanweed Brassicaceae Thlaspi californicum* Kneeland Prairie pennycress Brassicaceae Thlaspi fendleri Fendler's pennycress Brassicaceae Thysanocarpus curvipes Fringepod Brassicaceae Tiarella trifoliata Foamflower Saxifragaceae Tonella floribunda Large-flowered tonella Scrophulariaceae Tragopogon dubius* Oysterplant Asteraceae Tragopogon pratensis* Meadow salsify Asteraceae Trautvetteria caroliniensis False bugbane Ranunculaceae WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 15 of 16

Tribulus terrestris* Puncture vine Zygophyllaceae Trifolium agrarium* Yellow clover Fabaceae Trifolium cyathiferum Cup clover Fabaceae Trifolium dubium* Least hop clover Fabaceae Trifolium eriocephalum Wooly-head clover Fabaceae Trifolium longipes Long-stalked clover Fabaceae Trifolium macrocephalum Big-headed clover Fabaceae Trifolium microcephalum Woolly clover Fabaceae Trifolium pratense* Red clover Fabaceae Trifolium repens* White clover Fabaceae Trillium ovatum White trillium Liliaceae Trillium petiolatum Purple trillium Liliaceae Trisetum cernuum Nodding trisetum Poaceae Typha latifolia Common cattail Typhaceae Ulmus americanus American elm Ulmaceae Urtica dioica Stinging nettle Urticaceae Vaccinium globulare Globe huckleberry Ericaceae Vaccinium membranaceum Mountain huckleberry Ericaceae Vaccinium scoparium Grouseberry Ericaceae Valeriana scouleri Scouler's valerian Valerianaceae Valeriana sitchensis Sitka valerian Valerianaceae Valerianella locusta* European corn salad Valerianaceae Ventenata dubia* Ventenata Poaceae Veratrum californicum California false hellebore Liliaceae Veratrum viride Green false hellebore Liliaceae Verbascum thapsus* Common mullein Scrophulariaceae Veronica americana American brooklime Scrophulariaceae Veronica anagallis-aquatica* Water pimpernel Scrophulariaceae Veronica cusickii Cusick's speedwell Scrophulariaceae Veronica serpyllifolia Thyme-leaf speedwell Scrophulariaceae Vicia americana American vetch Fabaceae Vicia villosa* Hairy vetch Fabaceae Viola adunca Early blue violet Violaceae Viola glabella Stream violet Violaceae Viola macloskeyi Small white violet Violaceae Viola nuttallii Yellow prairie violet Violaceae Viola orbiculata Round-leaved violet Violaceae Viola palustris Marsh violet Violaceae Viola purpurea Goosefoot violet Violaceae Woodsia oregana Oregon woodsia Polypodiaceae Wyethia amplexicaulis Northern mule's ears Asteraceae Zigadenus paniculatus Panicled death-camas Liliaceae Zigadenus venenosus Meadow death camas Liliaceae

WNPS Plant Lists Garfield County, Washington Page 16 of 16