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AI, Robots, and Swarms: Issues, Questions, and Recommended Studies
AI, Robots, and Swarms Issues, Questions, and Recommended Studies Andrew Ilachinski January 2017 Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. This document contains the best opinion of CNA at the time of issue. It does not necessarily represent the opinion of the sponsor. Distribution Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited. Specific authority: N00014-11-D-0323. Copies of this document can be obtained through the Defense Technical Information Center at www.dtic.mil or contact CNA Document Control and Distribution Section at 703-824-2123. Photography Credits: http://www.darpa.mil/DDM_Gallery/Small_Gremlins_Web.jpg; http://4810-presscdn-0-38.pagely.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/ Robotics.jpg; http://i.kinja-img.com/gawker-edia/image/upload/18kxb5jw3e01ujpg.jpg Approved by: January 2017 Dr. David A. Broyles Special Activities and Innovation Operations Evaluation Group Copyright © 2017 CNA Abstract The military is on the cusp of a major technological revolution, in which warfare is conducted by unmanned and increasingly autonomous weapon systems. However, unlike the last “sea change,” during the Cold War, when advanced technologies were developed primarily by the Department of Defense (DoD), the key technology enablers today are being developed mostly in the commercial world. This study looks at the state-of-the-art of AI, machine-learning, and robot technologies, and their potential future military implications for autonomous (and semi-autonomous) weapon systems. While no one can predict how AI will evolve or predict its impact on the development of military autonomous systems, it is possible to anticipate many of the conceptual, technical, and operational challenges that DoD will face as it increasingly turns to AI-based technologies. -
About the Beckman Institute
Annual Report 2010-2011 FBOR eADcVAkNCmED SaCInENCE IAnND sTtEiCHtNuOLtOeGY ABOUT THE BECKMAN INSTITUTE he Beckman Institute for Advanced The Beckman Institute is also home to The 313,000-square-foot building was Science and Technology at the three strategic initiatives that seek to made possible by a generous gift from TUniversity of Illinois at Urbana- unify campus activities in their respective University of Illinois alumnus and founder Champaign is an interdisciplinary areas: of Beckman Instruments, Inc., Arnold research institute devoted to leading- • HABITS O. Beckman, and his wife Mabel M. edge research in the physical sciences, • Imaging Beckman, with a supplement from computation, engineering, biology, • Social Dimensions of Environmental the State of Illinois. behavior, cognition, and neuroscience. Policy The Institute’s primary mission is to foster Additionally, the Arnold and Mabel interdisciplinary work of the highest qual - More than 1,000 researchers from more Beckman Foundation provides ongoing ity, transcending many of the limitations than 40 University of Illinois departments financial assistance for various Institute inherent in traditional university organi - as diverse as psychology, computer and campus programs. Daily operating zations and structures. The Institute was science, electrical and computer engi - expenses of the Institute are covered by founded on the premise that reducing neering, and biochemistry, comprising the state and its research programs are the barriers between traditional scientific 14 Beckman Institute groups, work within mainly supported by external funding and technological disciplines can yield and across these overlapping areas. The from the federal government, corpora - research advances that more conven - building offers more than 200 offices; tions, and foundations. -
Research Awardsby
]\ LL O]\ LM • • • • • • • • • t r o p Beckman Institute e R FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY l a • • • • • • • • • u n n A Beckman Institute • • • • • • • • • • he Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Director’s Message from Art Kramer 2 TTechnology at the University of Illinois at Urbana- s Champaign is an interdisciplinary research institute devoted RESEARCH THEMES to leading-edge research in the physical sciences, computation, t Biological Intelligence engineering, biology, behavior, cognition, and neuroscience. Highlights 4 The Institute’s primary mission is to foster interdisciplinary Faculty Profile: Jennifer Cole 8 work of the highest quality, transcending many of the n limitations inherent in traditional university organizations Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction and structures. The Institute was founded on the premise e Highlights 10 that reducing the barriers between traditional scientific and Faculty Profile: Mark Hasegawa-Johnson 14 technological disciplines can yield research advances that t more conventional approaches cannot. Integrative Imaging Highlights 16 Beckman Institute research is focused around four research n Faculty Profile: Brad Sutton 20 themes: • Biological Intelligence (page 4) Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures o • Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction (page 10) Highlights 22 • Integrative Imaging (page 16) Faculty Profile: Scott White 28 • Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures (page 22) C Selected Faculty Awards, Invention Disclosures, 30 The Beckman Institute is also home to three -
Spacecraft Dormancy Autonomy Analysis for a Crewed Martian Mission
NASA/TM-2018-219965 Spacecraft Dormancy Autonomy Analysis for a Crewed Martian Mission Julia Badger Lead Author, Editor Contributors: Avionics Don Higbee Communications Tim Kennedy, Sharada Vitalpur ECLSS Miriam Sargusingh, Sarah Shull Guidance, Navigation and Control Bill Othon Power Francis J. Davies Propulsion Eric Hurlbert Robotics Julia Badger Software Neil Townsend Spacecraft Emergency Responses Jeff Mauldin, Emily Nelson Structures Kornel Nagy Thermal Katy Hurlbert Vehicle Systems Management Jeremy Frank Crew Perspective Stan Love National Aeronautics and Space Administration July 2018 NASA STI Program ... in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. advancement of aeronautics and space science. The Collected papers from scientific and NASA scientific and technical information (STI) technical conferences, symposia, seminars, program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain or other meetings sponsored or this important role. co-sponsored by NASA. The NASA STI program operates under the SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, auspices of the Agency Chief Information Officer. technical, or historical information from It collects, organizes, provides for archiving, and NASA programs, projects, and missions, disseminates NASA’s STI. The NASA STI often concerned with subjects having program provides access to the NTRS Registered substantial public interest. and its public interface, the NASA Technical Report Server, thus providing one of the largest TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. collections of aeronautical and space science STI in English-language translations of foreign the world. Results are published in both non-NASA scientific and technical material pertinent to channels and by NASA in the NASA STI Report NASA’s mission. Series, which includes the following report types: Specialized services also include organizing TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. -
Gait Optimization for Multi-Legged Walking Robots, with Application to a Lunar Hexapod
GAIT OPTIMIZATION FOR MULTI-LEGGED WALKING ROBOTS, WITH APPLICATION TO A LUNAR HEXAPOD A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Daniel Ch´avez-Clemente January 2011 © 2011 by Daniel Chavez Clemente. All Rights Reserved. Re-distributed by Stanford University under license with the author. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 United States License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/us/ This dissertation is online at: http://purl.stanford.edu/px063cb7934 Includes supplemental files: 1. This video shows a simulation of the zero-interaction gait optimization for the ATHLETE robot. (DanielChavezSwaySimulation.wmv) ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Stephen Rock, Primary Adviser I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. J Gerdes I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Jean-Claude Latombe I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Terrence Fong Approved for the Stanford University Committee on Graduate Studies. -
RUTH V. AGUILERA Darla and Frederick Brodsky Trustee
Aguilera June 2020 RUTH V. AGUILERA Darla and Frederick Brodsky Trustee Professor in Global Business Distinguished Professor, International Business and Strategy Department D'Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5000 -- [email protected] Visiting Scholar, ESADE Business School, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. EXPERTISE Research: International Corporate Governance; Corporate Social Responsibility; Global Strategy; Teaching: Corporate Governance; Global Strategy; Economic Sociology; Comparative Capitalism PAST ACADEMIC POSITIONS Visiting Full Professor, Department of Strategy and Policy, and Research Affiliate, Centre for Governance, Institutions & Organisations (CGIO), Business School, National University of Singapore (Fall 2014-Spring 2015). Associate Professor (with tenure) to Full Professor, Department of Business Administration, College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (August 2006- June 2014). Faculty Fellow, Center for Professional Responsibility in Business and Society, College of Business, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2007-June 2014) Associate Professor (courtesy appointment), College of Law, School of Labor and Employment Relations, & Department of Sociology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (August 2006- June 2014). Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, College of Business, and Institute of Labor and Industrial Relations, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (1999-2006). -
Annual Report
Annual Report BECKMAN INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2 0 0 0 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN BIHighlights in 2000 ❏ How do you isolate, characterize, and manipu- TABLE OF CONTENTS late molecules in amounts so small that Mother Nature created special containers inside single cells 2000 MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR just to transport them? In 2000, Beckman Institute Jiri Jonas, Director pages 2–4 faculty members Paul Bohn, Mark Shannon, and MOLECULAR AND ELECTRONIC NANOSTRUCTURES Jonathan Sweedler initiated a new collaborative pro- Overview pages 6–7 ject funded through the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to design a new Karl Hess and Jeffrey S. Moore, Co-chairs category of measurement device, the Biofluidic Intelligent Processor. This device will Highlights pages 8–12 allow the active manipulation, detection, and characterization of biological fluids with BIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE volumes more than a million times smaller than a single drop of blood. At the heart of Overview pages 14–15 the Biofluidic Intelligent Processor are molecular gates with active areas not much Gary S. Dell and William T. Greenough, Co-chairs larger than transistors in microprocessors. The molecular gates can intelligently sepa- Highlights pages 16–20 rate specific components, passing the rest, concentrating them in attoliter volumes, HUMAN-COMPUTER INTELLIGENT INTERACTION then digitally tagging them for detection. As digitizing electronics has permitted com- Overview pages 22–23 Thomas S. Huang and Arthur F. Kramer, Co-chairs plex operations to be processed, digitizing molecular fluid flow can potentially solve the Highlights pages 24–28 daunting challenges posed by trace levels of extraordinarily lethal toxins. -
Srinivas Akella
Srinivas Akella Department of Computer Science University of North Carolina at Charlotte Tel: (704) 687-8573 9201 University City Boulevard Email: [email protected] Charlotte, NC 28223 http://webpages.uncc.edu/sakella Citizenship: USA RESEARCH INTERESTS: Robotics and automation; Manipulation and motion planning; Multiple robot coordination; Digital microfluidics and biotechnology; Manufacturing and assembly automation; Bioinformatics and protein folding; Data analytics. EDUCATION: 1996 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY, Pittsburgh, PA. Ph.D. in Robotics, School of Computer Science. Thesis: Robotic Manipulation for Parts Transfer and Orienting: Mechanics, Planning, and Shape Uncertainty. Advisor: Prof. Matthew T. Mason. 1993 M.S. in Robotics, School of Computer Science. 1989 INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MADRAS, India. B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering. EXPERIENCE: 2009-present UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHARLOTTE, Charlotte, NC. Professor, Department of Computer Science (2015-present). Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science (2009-2015). 2000-2008 RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, Troy, NY. Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science. Senior Research Scientist, Department of Computer Science, and Center for Automation Technologies & Systems. 1996-1999 UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, Urbana, IL. Beckman Fellow, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology. 1989-1996 CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY, Pittsburgh, PA. Research Assistant, The Robotics Institute. Summer 1992 ELECTROTECHNICAL LABORATORY, MITI, Tsukuba, Japan. Summer Intern, Intelligent Systems Division. AWARDS: 2018 CCI Excellence in Graduate Teaching Award, College of Computing and Informatics, UNC Charlotte. 2007 Advisor, Best Student Paper Awardee, Robotics Science and Systems Conference. 2005 Rensselaer Faculty Early Research Career Honoree, RPI. 2001 NSF CAREER Award, National Science Foundation. 1999 Finalist, Best Paper Award, IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. -
Collision Avoidance Maneuvers
National Aeronautics and Space Administration U.S. Space Debris Environment, Operations, and Research Updates J.-C. Liou, Ph.D. Chief Scientist for Orbital Debris National Aeronautics and Space Administration United States 55th Session of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, United Nations 29 January – 9 February 2018, Vienna National Aeronautics and Space Administration Presentation Outline • Space Missions in 2017 • Earth Satellite Population • Collision Avoidance Maneuvers • Postmission Disposal of U.S. Spacecraft • Space Situational Awareness (SSA) and the Space Debris Sensor (SDS) 2/12 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Worldwide Space Activity in 2017 • A total of 86 space launches placed more than 400 spacecraft into Earth orbits during 2017, following the trend of increase over the past decade 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 Worldwide LaunchesWorldwide (Earth Orbit orBeyond) 0 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 3/12 • Number of Objects 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000 20000 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space and Aeronautics National objects Earth orbitcontinued in to increase 2017 in According Satellite to theCatalog, U.S. the number of10 cm andlarger 2000 4000 6000 8000 Evolution of the Cataloged Satellite Population 0 1956 1958 1960 Mission-relatedDebris Rocket Bodies Spacecraft Fragmentation Debris TotalObjects 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 Iridiumand 33 Collision2251 Cosmos of 1982 4 Year /12 1984 1986 -
Structural Design for Combined Mechanical and Thermal Loads
Structural The Space Shuttle—a mostly reusable, human-rated launch vehicle, spacecraft, space habitat, laboratory, re-entry vehicle, and Design aircraft—was an unprecedented structural engineering challenge. The design had to meet several demands, which resulted in innovative Introduction solutions. The vehicle needed to be highly reliable for environments Gail Chapline that could not be simulated on Earth or fully modeled analytically Orbiter Structural Design for combined mechanical and thermal loads. It had to accommodate Thomas Moser payloads that were not defined or characterized. It needed to be weight Glenn Miller efficient by employing a greater use of advanced composite materials, Shuttle Wing Loads—Testing and Modification Led to Greater Capacity and it had to rely on fracture mechanics for design with acceptable Tom Modlin life requirements. It also had to be certified to meet strength and life Innovative Concept for Jackscrews requirements by innovative methods. During the Space Shuttle Prevented Catastrophic Failures John Fraley Program, many such structural design innovations were developed Richard Ring and extended to vehicle processing from flight to flight. Charles Stevenson Ivan Velez Orbiter Structure Qualification Thomas Moser Glenn Miller Space Shuttle Pogo— NASA Eliminates “Bad Vibrations” Tom Modlin Pressure Vessel Experience Scott Forth Glenn Ecord Willard Castner Nozzle Flexible Bearing— Steering the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor Coy Jordan Fracture Control Technology Innovations— From the Space Shuttle Program to Worldwide Use Joachim Beek Royce Forman Glenn Ecord Willard Castner Gwyn Faile Space Shuttle Main Engine Fracture Control Gregory Swanson Katherine Van Hooser 270 Engineering Innovations Orbiter Structural beyond the state of the art were needed. -
Walter Schneider Address: LRDC RM 629, 3939 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh PA 15260 Phone: (412) 624-7061 EMAIL: [email protected] Date: December 9, 2003
VITA Name: Walter Schneider Address: LRDC RM 629, 3939 O’Hara St., Pittsburgh PA 15260 Phone: (412) 624-7061 EMAIL: [email protected] Date: December 9, 2003 Date of Birth: February 9, 1950 Marital Status: Married Educational History: B.A., Psychology (with honors), University of Illinois, 1971 Ph.D., Psychology, Indiana University, 1975 Post-Doc., Neurophysiology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 1975-77 Title of Thesis: Selective attention, memory scanning, and visual search: Three components of one process Supervisor: Richard M. Shiffrin Professional History: 1971-1975 Research Assistant, Indiana University 1975-1977 Miller Research Fellow, Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley 1977-1983 Assistant Professor, University of Illinois 1983-1985 Associate Professor, University of Illinois 1985-1988 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology & Senior Scientist, Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh 1988- Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh 1995-2004 Co-Director, Education Program, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition (CNBC) 2002-2004 Program Chair, Cognitive Program, University of Pittsburgh Honors: Phi Beta Kappa Two Psychological Review papers have been awarded the status of "Science Citation Classics" (Schneider & Shiffrin, 1977; Shiffrin & Schneider, 1977) President of Society for Computers in Psychology, 1986 Member of National Academy of Science Study Panel, 1985-1988 EDUCOM/NCRIPTAL Higher Education Software Award winner of -
NASA Range Capabilities Roadmap
NASA Transformational Spaceport and Range Capabilities Roadmap Interim Review to National Research Council External Review Panel March 31, 2005 Karen Poniatowski NASA Space Operation Mission Directorate Asst. Assoc. Administrator, Launch Services Agenda • Overview/Introduction • Roadmap Approach/Considerations – Roadmap Timeline/Spirals – Requirements Development • Spaceport/Range Capabilities – Mixed Range Architecture • User Requirements/Customer Considerations – Manifest Considerations – Emerging Launch User Requirements • Capability Breakdown Structure/Assessment • Roadmap Team Observations – Transformational Range Test Concept • Roadmap Team Conclusions • Next Steps 2 National Space Transportation Policy Signed December 2004 • National Policy Focus on Assuring Access to Space “The Federal space launch bases and ranges are vital components of the U.S. space transportation infrastructure and are national assets upon which access to space depends for national security, civil, and commercial purposes. The Secretary of Defense and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall operate the Federal launch bases and ranges in a manner so as to accommodate users from all sectors; and shall transfer these capabilities to a predominantly space-based range architecture to accommodate, among others, operationally responsive space launch systems and new users.” • NASA seeks to link the Transformational Spaceport and Range Capability Roadmap activity with the new National Space Transportation Policy direction as we