]\ LL O]\ LM • • • • • • • • • t r o p Beckman Institute e R

FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY l a

• • • • • • • • • u n n A Beckman Institute • • • • • • • • • •

he Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Director’s Message from Art Kramer 2 TTechnology at the University of Illinois at Urbana- s Champaign is an interdisciplinary research institute devoted RESEARCH THEMES to leading-edge research in the physical sciences, computation, t Biological Intelligence engineering, biology, behavior, cognition, and neuroscience. Highlights 4 The Institute’s primary mission is to foster interdisciplinary Faculty Profile: Jennifer Cole 8 work of the highest quality, transcending many of the n limitations inherent in traditional university organizations Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction and structures. The Institute was founded on the premise

e Highlights 10 that reducing the barriers between traditional scientific and Faculty Profile: Mark Hasegawa-Johnson 14 technological disciplines can yield research advances that t more conventional approaches cannot. Integrative Imaging Highlights 16 Beckman Institute research is focused around four research n Faculty Profile: Brad Sutton 20 themes: • Biological Intelligence (page 4) Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures o • Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction (page 10) Highlights 22 • Integrative Imaging (page 16) Faculty Profile: Scott White 28 • Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures (page 22) C Selected Faculty Awards, Invention Disclosures, 30 The Beckman Institute is also home to three strategic Patents, Grants, and Publications for Research Themes initiatives that seek to unify campus activities in their respective areas: Educational Outreach 43 • HABITS Beckman Institute Facilities • Imaging Biomedical Imaging Center 44 • Social Dimensions of Environmental Policy Illinois Simulator Laboratory 46 Imaging Technology Group 48 More than 1,500 researchers from more than 40 University of Illinois departments as diverse as psychology, computer Beckman Institute Graduate Fellows Program 50 science, electrical and computer engineering, and biochem - Beckman Institute Postdoctoral Fellows Program 52 istry, comprising 14 Beckman Institute groups, work within and across these overlapping areas. The building offers more than Funding 2011-2012 55 200 offices; specialized, cutting edge laboratories and other facilities; and meeting areas. Contact Information 56

To assist research efforts, the Beckman Institute provides state-of-the-art resources for faculty, staff, and students, including: • Biomedical Imaging Center (page 44) • Illinois Simulator Laboratory (page 46) • Imaging Technology Group (page 48)

The 313,000-square-foot building was made possible by a generous gift from University of Illinois alumnus and founder of Beckman Instruments, Inc., Arnold O. Beckman, and his wife Mabel M. Beckman, with a supplement from the State of Illinois.

Additionally, the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation provides ongoing financial assistance for various Institute and campus programs. Daily operating expenses of the Institute are covered by the state and its research programs are mainly supported by external funding from the federal government, • • • • • • 1 corporations, and foundations. • • • • R O T C E R I D E H T M O R F • • • •

The Beckman Institute has always been a place that cultivates new ideas and thrives on research that is on the leading edge. This past year was no exception. Our researchers continued to push the envelope on existing lines of research while also exploring new areas of study.

– Art Kramer

2 Cultivating new ideas • • • • •

rom advances in neuroimaging to growing graphene on copper crystals, our annual research highlights are vast Fand varied and you can read about them within the pages of this book. As the Director of the Institute I am in touch with what is happening throughout the year, but I can’t help but be impressed and inspired when I see all of these highlights listed in this annual report. Congratulations to our faculty, staff, and students for doing such an amazing job and keeping the Beckman Institute’s place as a world-leader in interdisciplinary research. I am also proud to say the Beckman Institute was one of the key players in the creation of the Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory (CNLM), the first-ever interdisciplinary nutrition and cognition research center. An agreement between Abbott Nutrition and the University of Illinois led to the announcement of a “Grand Challenge” that will award up to $50 million to Illinois researchers over five years. This brings a new funding opportunity to the University and provides Illinois faculty with the opportunity to conduct both basic and translational research on the effects of nutrition on cognition and brain health. The creation of the CNLM involved four campus units and their directors: the Beckman Institute, the Institute for Genomic Biology, the Division of Nutritional Sciences, and the Neuroscience Program. Grants will be from one to three years and will be administered by the Beckman Institute. The Beckman Institute’s very own Neal Cohen is the Illinois director of the Center. His co-director is Keith Garleb of Abbott Nutrition. The establishment of the CNLM was rapid with the agreement being signed between Abbott Nutrition and the University of Illinois in late October. Illinois hosted workshops for faculty in late November/early December and in early 2012 the first round of proposals were received. The first round of awards were announced on April 16, 2012. The selected awards provide funding for an impressive 13 research projects involving nutrition, the brain, and cognition. Congratulations to all involved in getting the CNLM up and running! I am very much looking forward to seeing this partnership and new lines of research grow and evolve in the upcoming years. Beckman Institute faculty and staff continue to be recognized for their outstanding scientific achievements, both with external funding to pursue their ideas and with a variety of national and international awards. In the last year, Beckman faculty have brought in millions of dollars in external grant funding (see page 55), published hundreds of peer-reviewed papers, been awarded prestigious prizes, been elected Fellows of several professional societies, and continued to educate and inspire the next generation of students. Last year we also completed an administrative restructuring with the hiring of two new Associate Directors. Mike Devocelle rejoined the Beckman Institute in August, 2011, as the new Associate Director for Administration. In this role he will oversee the business, grants administration, and HR functions, as well as the building operations staff. Patricia Jones joined the Beckman Institute in March, 2012, as the new Associate Director for Research. In this key position she will be responsible for the advancement of the Institute’s research portfolio, as well as the coordination of research efforts with other faculty and research groups across campus. This has been a very exciting year and I am looking forward to seeing what the future holds for the Beckman Institute in 2012-2013.

3 • PROFILE • HIGHLIGHTS • • • • • •

The Biological Intelligence (BioIntel) research theme is comprehensive in scope, as researchers seek to understand the brain, • cognition, and behavior from the molecular and cellular levels to higher expressions of intelligence like memory and attention. BioIntel research groups (and their areas of study) are: Cognitive Science (higher mental processes, such as language, memory, information • processing, and learning), Cognitive Neuroscience (the relationships between brain function and structure and cognitive functions like

E memory, emotion, and attention), and NeuroTech (brain organization and function, including how information is coded and processed C by neural systems and the molecular and cellular origins of disorders and brain plasticity). This past year saw many N

E discoveries and new developments in BioIntel, including advancements in neuroimaging methods, in understanding the brain at G

I the cellular level, and in linguistics . L L E T N I L

A Evidence on the Role of MicroRNAs in the Brain C I

G David Clayton ’s groundbreaking regulation of protein production.

O work with zebra finch songbirds Clayton and his collaborators L as a model organism for under - wrote about the growing body of O I standing learning and memory evidence that microRNAs play B continued with a new study multiple roles in the brain, from that gives insight into the role development to function : of microRNAs (ribonucleic acid) “MicroRNAs are emerging as in the brain. The genetic response potential control points in tran - of these songbirds to song expo - scriptional networks, and may be Slides show adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mouse models from (A) four sure has been used by Clayton and particularly important for the different groups and (B) in runner group. Photo courtesy Martina Mustroph. other researchers for what it tells evolution of brain and behavior.” neuroscience about brain develop - These results, they reported, Effects of Exercise in Treating Addiction ment. Clayton reported this past show that a “natural perceptual year on a study that showed, for experience, hearing the sound of Research led by Justin Rhodes better able to learn the the first time, that microRNAs another bird singing, alters the found that exercise could have association between place and (miRNAs) also contribute to the profile of miRNAs in parts of the beneficial effects for treating drug cocaine than sedentary animals. process by which the songbird songbird brain responsible for addiction, or it could strengthen They found an opposite effect brain responds to its environment. auditory perception, integration addictive behavio r—depending on when the mice were taught the Clayton and his collaborators and memory. Thus miRNAs may when the exercise takes place rela - drug-to-context association and found that exposure to a new have roles in the information tive to drug-taking . The research then exercised , as that acceler - song induced changing patterns processing functions of the brain, used mouse models in experiments ated the extinction of the of gene expression in microRNAs, in addition to their roles in brain employing a running wheel and/or drug-to-context preference. altering their profile in the development and evolution. ” enriched environments to test The researchers wrote in their auditory forebrain. MicroRNAs conditioned place preference (CPP) paper reporting the research that are part of the 10 percent of DNA for cocaine. Rhodes and Matrina “the results suggest that exercise that doesn’t code for proteins, but Mustroph of his laboratory re - could be a useful intervention to are thought to play a role in the ported , in a first-ever finding , facilitate extinction of condi - opposite effects of wheel running tioned drug associations during on cocaine CPP that depend criti - abstinence. However, the benefit cally on the timing of the exercise of exercise could be reversed if a relative to drug conditioning. The relapse episode occurred after researchers found that if the ani - running had primed the brain for mals exercised before the drug plasticity. ” conditioning for cocaine, they were

4 Advances in Neuroimaging Methods

Monica Fabiani and Gabriele ping absorption and scattering activity in a specified area Gratton direct the Cognitive properties of the human brain. (through TMS) , and study conse - Neuroimaging Laboratory (CNL) This methodology will enable quent changes in activity across at Beckman, where they use a neuroimaging studies of infants different brain areas using meth - Speech Fillers Improve variety of imaging methods to and premature children, as well ods combining high spatial and Listener Recall study human brain function. In as studies involving nutrition in temporal resolution (EROS) .” In the past year, they have made research funded by the Center for addition, CNLM was instrumen - several advances in neuroimaging Nutrition, Learning, and Memory tal in the creation this past year In research that goes against intu - methods that have facilitated (CNLM). A new imaging approach of the Diffuse Optical Imaging ition and what many of us were research in areas as diverse as in collaboration with Beckman Laboratory (DOIL) located in the taught, Duane Watson found that human nutrition, child develop - colleague Diane Beck has allowed Biomedical Imaging Center at “ums”, “ahs”, and other speech ment, and cognitive aging. the study of functional brain Beckman . DOIL is already home fillers can actually help listeners un - They have developed a connectivity through a combina - to several studies, including derstand speakers better than flu - new optical method for studying tion of trans-cranial magnetic CNLM projects, in research in - ent speech. Watson and Scott arterial stiffness of the brain that stimulation (TMS) and optical volving topics such as cognitive Fraundorf from his laboratory used provides insight into cognitive imaging. Gratton and Fabiani functioning in infants , and visual a story recall task as part of an ex - decline. Another advance has write that this method is “the first processing in normal hearing and periment that tested the mecha - been made in the reconstruction brain imaging technology to deaf people . nisms by which speech fillers of optical imaging data for map - experimentally manipulate brain affected memory for discourse. They used natural speech instead of “laboratory speech” and con - trolled for the extra processing time that fillers provide listeners. Modeling the Category Structure of Speech Prosody The experiment required partici - pants to listen to a story that was either completely fluent, or had Modulations in our speech such acoustic cues. ” So Cole joined try to understand the source of ‘uhs’ and ‘ums’ digitally inserted in as pitch, intensity , and rhythmic with Beckman colleague Mark variability between speakers in different places, or had coughs in - patterns, and the cues they im - Hasegawa-Johnson , her graduate the patterning of prominence serted to control for the timing, so part to listeners, writes linguistics research assistant Tim Mahrt, and cues. They found, Cole writes, it wasn’t just that listeners had researcher Jennifer Cole , “ play an faculty member Margaret Fleck that “prosodic prominence is more time to respond to a story important role in signaling the from the Department of Com - cued in two distinct patterns, that included disfluencies. They meaning of a spoken utterance.” puter Science to create a new as a discrete contrast and as a discovered that the fillers actually However, she adds, trying to statistical modeling method to gradient, by different acoustic facilitated recall for listeners. “The identify which features of a test prosodic prominence (those cues. This finding suggests an task was for them to listen to it and “continuous acoustic speech sig - modulations used to distinguish explanation for the divergent then tell the story back,” Watson nal serve to cue which discrete information) in conversational findings from prior work on said. “We found that they’re better linguistic features related to speech when it comes to acoustic acoustic cues to prominence, at it if uh and um is actually there. meaning poses a serious research cues and listener perception. and also suggests new direc - So we think that maybe those challenge, in large part due to the They used a measure called the tions for the linguistic model disfluencies are increasing the high variability across speakers, Bayesian Information Criterion to of prominence as it relates person’s attention.” speech rate, style, and commu - create a statistical model of audio to pragmatic and discourse nicative contexts in the pattern of files from 27 different speakers to meaning. ”

• • • • • 5 • . R E F F • U A T S N • A I R B . L Y B • O T

O Beckman researchers H P

• Florin Dolcos (left) and Sanda Dolcos. E C

N Personality, Gender Listeners Make Accommodations for E Affect How We Accents G I

L Recollect Memories

L Accents and dialects may seem to separate people sharing a E

T common language, but we adapt quite well and quickly to

N How we process emotional mem - roticism had negative memories differences in speech patterns, according to research from I ories is related to gender, person - than those who were low in Sarah Brown-Schmidt . This past year, Brown-Schmidt and L

A ality, and the ways in which we neuroticism, and that women high graduate student Alison Trude from her research laboratory

C regulate our feelings, according to in neuroticism had a tendency to I reported on work testing whether episodic memory, a form of

G research from Florin Dolcos . And ruminate on the same negative declarative memory, plays a role in speech perception as it re -

O those traits can influence not only memories. The biggest gender lates to listener adaptions to specific information about the L how we remember, Dolcos found, differences found in the study had talker. With amnesiacs as participants in a test study of how O I but also our subsequent emotional to do with the effects of the listeners apply perceptual learning to online speech perception, B state, or mood. Dolcos’ study used strategies men and women used they found that an episodic memory account may not be suit - novel approaches to the topic of to recall negative autobiographical able for explaining listeners’ ability to use talker-specific knowl - how people process their emotion memories. In women, as opposed edge when interpreting speech. Rather, their findings point to memories by looking at both men to men, there was a significant listeners’ ability, as they wrote , to “keep track of a large variety and women (previous studies typi - association between the attempt of talker specific information and use this information to guide cally look at women) and both to suppress negative memories language processing decisions at multiple levels of analysis” as positive and negative emotions and their recall, as well as their an explanation for the rapid accommodation for different speech (most focused on negative feel - subsequent lower emotional state. characteristics the study found . The results suggest that “infor - ings), as well as the strategies peo - “Depressed people recollect those mation about talker identity was applied on the basis of knowl - ple use to regulate emotion. Using negative memories and as a result edge of individual talkers’ speech characteristics and not questionnaires and verbal cues to they feel sad,” Dolcos said. “And primarily driven by perceptual adjustments made in response elicit autobiographical memories, as a result of feeling sad, the to an unfamiliar phoneme sequence. This is consistent with Dolcos and his collaborators found tendency is to have more negative arguments that talker-specific information guides interpretation extroverts of both sexes had more memories recollected. It’s a kind of all spoken language .” positive than negative memories, of a vicious circle.” more men who were high in neu -

Individual and Collective Memory Consolidation

Thomas Anastasio co- authored a new book, Individual and Collective Memory , which focused on consolidation, the process by which individual memories are formed. These memories, according to the book’s preview , “ provide a version of the past that helps us navigate the present and is critical to individual identity. ” In the Sarah Brown-Schmitt (standing) works with graduate student Alison book, Anastasio and his co-authors propose a three-in-one model Trude to set a research participant up in their lab. The figure illustrates a task the participant will take part in during the experiment. of memory consolidation that they believe explains both individual and collective memory consolidation phenomena. In individuals, traumatic injury to the brain structure critical to memory, the hippocampus, is known as retrograde amnesia. They extend that concept here to collective memory, where the disruption of what they call the “social hippocampus” can result in collective retrograde 6 amnesia. The book was funded by a Beckman Seed Grant. • • • • •

Understanding the Role of Metabolites and Peptides in the Brain

Jonathan Sweedler ’s research in assessment of cell-to-cell hetero - paper, Sweedler and his collabora - the area of neurochemistry is geneity of single cells , for insights tors at the University of Illinois geared toward understanding how into the chemistry of the brain. described a single-cell capillary Aron Barbey, Cognitive signaling molecules work in the “We have developed technologies electrophoresis (CE) system that Neuroscience group. nervous system, and support that allow us to take individual was coupled with electrospray higher order neural processing. In neurons and analyze the metabo - ionization (ESI) MS. This method, one research line, Sweedler seeks lites, peptides and thus , many of they wrote, enabled the “simulta - Mapping the to understand the critical role that the cell -to -cell signaling molecules neous measurement of a vast array Architecture of metabolites and peptides play in within them,” Sweedler wrote. of endogenous compounds in over the Brain cell function. This past year he re - “We are then able to relate this to 50 identified and isolated large ported on an evolving set of tools, function and neuronal activity.” neurons from the Aplysia californica Aron Barbey completed a such as mass spectrometry-based In one paper, Sweedler and central nervous system.” The ma - study that mapped the neu - (MS) methods. Researchers are his collaborators reported on the rine mollusk is a model organism ral architecture of human creating and/or using them to development of an MS system for a that has proven valuable for neuro - intelligence, identifying a enable the characterization of new high throughput way of meas - science studies due to its long-term distinct neural system re - metabolites and peptides and the uring cells one-by-one. In another memory and learning capabilities. sponsible for key compo - nents of general intelligence such as working memory and verbal comprehension. The findings, Barbey said, New Insights into Synaptic Integration “suggest that intelligence re - lies not on one brain region How neurons combine informa - dependent on the activation of Cox and his collaborators wrote, or even the brain as a whole, tion from their synaptic inputs AMPA receptors and appears “provide physiological evidence but involves specific brain to generate an output signal is partially dependent on NMDA that (metabotropic glutamate structures working together called synaptic integration, a receptors and voltage-gated receptors , mGluR ) appear to in a coordinated fashion.” research topic that is a focus L-type calcium channels . Our be distributed along the thalamo - Using CT scans of test of Lee Cox . This past year, Cox data also provides insight into cortical neuron dendrites, whereas participants with damage to reported that dendrites of local the functional organization of mGluR-dependent action occurs specific, localized areas of neurons (interneurons) have an dendrodendritic synapses in on the proximal dendrites/soma the brain as well as a battery inhibitory effect on other neurons the visual thalamus.” Cox also of thalamocortical neurons. of cognitive tests, Barbey in regulating fast synaptic trans - reported this past year on re - The differential distribution and and his collaborators were mission in the visual thalamus. search involving receptors that activation of mGluR subtypes on able to identify brain regions They also showed, for the first modulate the process by which interneurons and thalamocortical crucial to specific intellec - time, that these dendritic interac - thalamocortical neurons commu - neurons may serve to shape tual abilities . “We found that tions can operate independent of nicate visual information from excitatory synaptic integration general intelligence depends global activation. Cox and Shane the retina to the neocortex. They and thereby regulate information on a remarkably circum - Crandall from his lab wrote about found that these neurons exert gating through the thalamus. ” scribed neural system,” how the process works: “Local “distinct effects in a spatially dis - Barbey said. “Several brain dendritic output is strongly tributed manner. ” Their findings, regions, and the connections between them, were most important for general intelli - gence.”

7 • PROFILE • • • • E C N E G I L L E T N I L A C I G O L O I B • •

• Joined Illinois: 1990

• Department: Linguistics Joined Beckman: 1994 “You learn one language, that’s hard. Group: Cognitive Science You learn two languages and a whole Research Focus: Prosody, the new door opens up.” aspects of speech such as

– Jennifer Cole intonation and modulation speakers use to convey speaker’s emotions, attitudes and 8 meanings related to content. A Talent for Language • • • • •

ennifer Cole’s parents were every language you learn after information,” Cole said. “And tion into automatic speech Juniversity professors who be - that. You begin to see that there listeners are really sensitive to all recognition systems. lieved in music education for their are certain organizing principles of of this information.” “Our original goal was to build children, and she counts several language that recur, not exactly in The fact that these processes better automatic speech recogni - musicians among her siblings. the same guise, but they recur are difficult to understan d— as tion systems, but the tools that Cole followed her parent’s path across languages.” well as something speakers aren’t we’ve developed along the way into academia and also inherited, Deconstructing and under - even consciously aware o f— makes have recently given us some in her own way, the family musical standing language, specifically them that much more interesting new insights into the linguistic ability. spoken language, is what drives to Cole. structures that underlie the “I come from a family with a lot Cole’s research. She is Professor “It’s a mystery,” she said. “It’s speech as humans are producing of musical talent and, although I of Linguistics at the University of always interesting to me to dis - it,” Cole said. had a lot of music training, I am Illinois and Co-chair of Beckman’s cover that there are aspects of Cole was named Co-chair not a musician,” Cole said. “But, Biological Intelligence research our behavior which you can of the Biological Intelligence I would say that my musical up - theme. Cole’s research interests observe scientifically, you can research theme a couple of years bringing may have something to include language acquisition and even predict them, but which we ago. She accepted the position do with my ability to hear very processing, computer modeling of aren’t aware of. Language is like in order to enhance both her precisely the detailed qualities of speech processing, and the area of that. It’s a tremendous skill and own work and that of others at people’s speech.” prosody, or the elements of speech most normally developed adults Beckman. Cole’s “good ear” made it such as intonation and emphasis and children acquire that skill, “I think that there are always easy for her to pick up foreign lan - that speakers use along with words possess it, master it, and yet we more exciting ways that we can guages in college and that helped to communicate meaning. almost never think about it.” enrich our perspective on cogni - inspire her love of language, and an “My focus is on prosody and Cole has had many collabora - tion or biological intelligence, academic pursuit that eventually how is it that prosody conveys tions and research projects over and so I thought I might be able led to a Ph.D. at MIT in linguistics. very different kinds of information the years, with a recent one involv - to lend my perspective there,” she Cole’s career choice began as an about the linguistic substance of ing how speakers are influenced by said. “But I would add that the undergraduate at the University of the speech,” Cole said. “But it’s their environment and other real excitement is in the opportu - Michigan when she discovered also about how speech is influ - speakers. nity to marry cutting-edge science that she was adept at learning new enced by the social identity of the “One of the interesting findings with cutting-edge technology, to languages and fascinated by their speaker, the speaker’s relationship that’s coming out in recent re - take advantage of technological structure. to the hearer, and how listeners search, including my research, is advances in computing and “I’m fortunate to be one of the decode all of that from the speech that the speech that’s going on imaging and other kinds of people who can pick up languages signal.” around you in your environment instrumentation to probe deeper by hearing them,” Cole said. Cole said that prosody, in actually influences, immediately into questions about human “Or, give me a grammar book and part, conveys information about and over time, the way that you intelligence and behavior or, more a few hours and I’ll get a pretty punctuation and emphasis, but speak at a level of fine phonetic broadly, biological intelligence and good handle on a new language. that acoustic cues is also providing detail, whether you intend it to or behavior. I noticed that when I got into the listener with information about not,” she said. “That’s pretty much the college. It was effortless for me the speaker’s identity, gender, A long-standing research line Beckman vision, I would say. I and fascinating. geographical origin, education, includes frequent collaborator have the same vision to bring “So, you learn one language, and other aspects of their personal and Beckman colleague Mark together that science and tech - that’s hard. You learn two lan - and social identity. Hasegawa-Johnson, in a project nology. It’s already happening.” guages and a whole new door “The same modulations in that builds upon studies of human opens up, revealing patterns and pitch and loudness and rhythm are speech to create computational structures that yield insight into conveying very different kinds of models of prosody for incorpora -

9 • HIGHLIGHTS P•RO•FIL•E • • • • The Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction (HCII) research theme has a mission that both utilizes and develops advanced

• technology, while also pursuing a greater understanding of the human side of the man-machine interface. HCII accomplishes its goals of enhancing human-computer interactions, technology optimization, and understanding cognitive processes and behavior through

• research in three main groups: Artificial Intelligence, Human Perception and Performance, and Image Formation and Processing. HCII researchers work in areas as diverse as language acquisition, computer vision and signal processing, human brain function and

N cognition, robotics, and speech and hearing science and technology. O I T C A R E

T People’s Beliefs about N

I Memory at Odds with

T the Science N

E Research has shown for years that G

I people’s ability to accurately re - L member events, details, and other L Bert, the iCub, is a are encoded in memory and do not

E member of Steven aspects of memory are often change. “People tend to place T Levinson’s lab. He is flawed. Now, a survey reveals that greater faith in the accuracy, com - N

I the only robot of his people’s faith in the reliability of pleteness and vividness of their kind being used for

R their own recall abilities is much memories than they probably language acquisition E research. greater than what the science tells should,” Simons said. Those beliefs T us. As part of research for their pop - about memory, Simons and Chabris U

P ular book, The Invisible Gorilla , and wrote, are not consistent with what

M Other Ways Our Intuitions Deceive psychologists studying memory

O Us , Beckman Institute researcher have found. But our intuitions, as

C Dan Simons and his co-author and Simons and Chabris argued in the G frequent collaborator, Chris Chabris book, often tell us our memories are N Humanoid Robot Gives Insight into Language from Union College , commissioned A Learning accurate. “People rely on their intu - a survey of 1,500 people about their itions about how the mind works M beliefs involving memory. The sur - U Stephen Levinson ’s laboratory ac - steps in the process were done to and their intuitions are often funda -

H complished something unique in “explore the relationship between vey found, as reported in a paper on mentally wrong,” Simons said. “They 2012 by showing that a humanoid sensory and motor function in lan - its results , along with a comparison are wrong for good reasons. Our robot can learn language the way guage learning.” The researchers to expert opinion on the subject, system wasn’t designed to do the a child doe s— through real-world used what is called “online learning” that nearly two-thirds compared things we ask it to do now.” The re - experiences. The iCub, acquired in the project. “Online learning human memory to a video camera sults have obvious implications for by Levinson’s lab in 2010, is refers to algorithms that adapt and that records information, while real-world outcomes , such as trials the only one of these toddler- learn continuously and in real-time, nearly half believed that experiences that include eyewitness testimony. imitating robots in the world whenever new data is presented,” being used for language acquisi - Niehaus said. “We use these algo - tion research. It stands alone in its rithms because they more closely experimental use by learnin g a emulate the actual learning capabili - language, rather than being pro - ties of humans.” Levinson and grammed with one. Levinson and Niehaus wrote that these results are graduate student Logan Niehaus just the first steps in a process of reported on the first successful understanding language acquisition demonstration of the robot’s through a robot that mimics the ability to form a model for speech ways of a toddler. “This linguistic and motor sensory modalities. faculty was further leveraged to They wrote that the robot was allow the robot to learn more com - able to “incrementally build a per - plex skills and their labels. These ceptual model for both the basic representational capabilities speech and motor sensory modal - will be required for the creation of ities” and that “basic linguistic more advanced models of develop - function was then shown to ment which explore the role of emerge from the interaction motor function, active learning, 10 between these two perceptual and social interaction on language models.” Levinson said these first acquisition. ” Dan Simons (above) and his collaborators surveyed people about their beliefs involving memory. The figure above represents some of their results. Fatima Husain of the Human Perception and Performance group uses auditory stimuli and fMRI to measure brain re - sponse in those with Power of Positive Thinking for Older Adults hearing loss, tinnitus, and normal hearing. Elizabeth Stine-Morrow reported beliefs significantly predicted on her research showing that older change in inductive reasoning adults with a positive belief about such that those with higher levels their cognitive potential, a concept of capacity beliefs showed greater Neural Differences Found for Tinnitus, Hearing Loss known as self-efficacy, can increase responsiveness to the interven - the benefit they get from cogni - tion.” They added that the results Fatima Husain used a novel re - tasks as the NH group, but the fMRI tively enriching activities. Stine- “indicate that self-referential search approach to studies of hear - revealed that their brains had to Morrow and Brennan Payne from beliefs about cognitive potential ing loss and discovered that the work harder and were stimulated in her lab studied the relationship may be an important personal brain is capable of doing something more areas than the NH group; between self-efficacy beliefs held resource in maintaining plasticity that sufferers from tinnitus cannot thus, there were clear differences in by older adults prior to starting a in adulthood” and that “older do: ignore the ringing sound. By in - the responses in those groups and program of inductive reasoning individuals with positive self- cluding test subjects who had hear - the tinnitus group . Husain said the training , and how much their skills referential beliefs may benefit ing loss but who did not have responses of the tinnitus group improved with the training. “This is more from engagement in activi - tinnitus, Husain discovered what ap - show that the brain in those with practically significant,” they wrote, ties that provide opportunities for pears to be key differences in the the disorder is able to ignore the “insofar as inductive reasoning has cognitive enrichment, such neural bases of tinnitus and the head noise signal, compared to been shown to relate to the profi - as the training intervention, thus larger disorder of hearing loss. It is those with hearing loss alone, in dis - ciency in executing tasks of every - increasing the likelihood for an estimated that tinnitus affects crimination tasks. “So when the day living among older adults.” For optimal trajectory of cognitive about 50 million Americans, but less brain has an internal noise, the tinni - this study, 105 older adults from 60 aging.” than half of hearing impaired people tus, that is distracting it from doing to 94 years of age were assigned to Elizabeth Stine-Morrow, Human suffer from the disorder, commonly other tasks, it is dividing attention. either an inductive reasoning train - Perception and Performance group. known as ringing in the ears, or It ignores the distracting internal ing program or a waitlist control “head noise.” Husain used auditory sound , while still maintaining atten - group. The results of the study, stimuli and functional Magnetic tion to the external sound ,” Husain they reported, demonstrated that Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to meas - said. The results, the researchers participants’ inductive reasoning ure the brain’s responses in those wrote in the paper reporting the “showed clear improvements in the with hearing loss (HL), tinnitus study , “ may represent a key differ - treatment group compared to the (TIN) , and normal hearing (NH). The ence in the neural bases of chronic control. Within the treatment study found that the HL group per - tinnitus accompanied by hearing group, initial memory capacity formed as well on discrimination loss relative to hearing loss alone. ”.

Self-confidence a Good Tool for Maintaining Exercise Regimen

When it comes to maintaining an tain a successful exercise pro - stay with an exercise program. exercise routine, believing in your - gram. McAuley is a leading re - McAuley said that almost half of self and your goals is a critical com - searcher in the area of the people who start an exercise ponent of success, according to self-efficacy, described as “situa - program quit in the first six months research from Ed McAuley . Taking tion-specific self-confidence .” In and much of that can be attributed that finding a step further, the case of exercise, McAuley to a lack of self-efficacy . For this McAuley’s work also showed ways said, self-efficacy means a con - project, McAuley performed cogni - to boost self-confidence and main - viction that a person has a mas - tive tests on men and women in tery over their physical abilities their 60s and early 70s and asked gies , like goal-setting, increased sub - and belief in their ability to about goal-setting, time manage - jects’ participation in the program be - achieve exercise goals. McAuley ment , and other “self-regulatory ” cause they also boosted self-efficacy. led a collaboration which in - behaviors. The results showed that “We can potentially use this informa - cluded Beckman Institute Direc - two cognitive abilities, being able tion to identify who might be poor tor Art Kramer that tested to multitask and to inhibit undesir - adherers to an exercise program,” whether boosting self-efficacy able responses , contributed greatly McAuley said. “And then offer those through certain strategies and to exercise regimen adherence by people an array of different coping use of specific cognitive abilities increasing self-efficacy. They also skills and strategies to inhibit or overcome bad behaviors.” improved older adults’ ability to found that self-regulatory strate - 11 Ed McAuley, Human Perception and Performance group. • •

Matthew Dye oversees graduate stu - • dent Jenessa Seymour in the Diffuse Optical Imaging Laboratory.

• They are demonstrating the system on George Kartheiser, a visiting research assistant who is deaf.

• Experience Facilitates Collaboration in

N Complex Tasks Studying Cross-modal O I Plasticity in Profoundly Dan Morrow led a project that T Deaf Adults C looked at the effects of experience

A and knowledge in problem-solving R When humans lose a sense such tasks and found that those factors E as hearing, cross-modal plasticity

T not only help one person solve a enables the brain to adapt and N problem in their area of expertise, I reorganize, and even strengthen but also help people to work to - T other senses. Speech and hearing gether in solving complex problems. N researcher Matt Dye studies cross-

E For the study Morrow and his col - modal plasticity toward understand - G laborators used expert flight instruc - I ing, as he writes, “the effects of L tors, student pilots (novices), and L deafness on visual functions at the non-pilots. They were asked to work E behavioral and neural levels,

T alone or in pairs in problem-solving and to explore the implications for N tasks involving an aviation scenario I learning in K-12 and higher educa - Monica Fabiani , using the DOIL collaboration uses optical imaging that had different degrees of diffi - R tion settings.” In order to under - in a collaboration with the NSF- to measure event-related optical

E culty. The researchers discovered

T stand cross-modal plasticity in funded Science of Learning Cen - signals in the cortex in a spatial that pairs of expert s— when they

U people who have lost the ability ter at Gallaudet, a university for visual attention task. By testing were faced with a challenging prob - P to hear, Dye is using the Diffuse Op - deaf and hard of hearing students both deaf and hearing adults, we le m— produced greater success M tical Imaging Laboratory (DOIL) at in Washington, D.C. “This imag - are trying to identify the cortical than experts working alone, and O Beckman to study visual processing ing project is allowing us to really areas that change as a result of also found more constructive inter - C in normal and profoundly deaf G look at different competing hy - early profound deafness, resulting actions than for pairs of non-experts

N adults. He is working with Beckman potheses about what changes in in better spatial attention in the who worked together. “The findings A colleagues Gabriele Gratton and deaf individuals,” Dye said. “Our visual periphery in deaf adults.” suggest the importance of knowl -

M edge about the task for collabora - U tive benefits,” Morrow said. “Experts H may more effectively work together Improving Long-term Intelligence Predictions than novices do because they share knowledge that helps them build up Alex Kirlik and his former graduate stu - shared task representations that dent in the Human Factors Division at support joint problem solving. ” In Illinois, Sarah Miller , are part of a team the paper reporting the results, the that is developing ways to improve long- researchers wrote that a dyad’s term intelligence predictions. The team, “prior knowledge and experience called SPADE (System for Prediction, Ag - enables them to benefit from both gregation, Display, and Elicitation), is de - knowledge-based problem solving veloping software that gives the most processes (e.g., elaboration, explana - weight to forecasts from analysts who tion, and error correction) and col - have the highest record for accuracy in laborative skills (e.g., creating fields such as economics and world common ground, maintaining joint events . The contributions of Kirlik and attention to the task). The results Miller include using computer modeling support the hypothesis that individ - This figure is from Alex Kirlik’s research that had players of fantasy to take advantage of the strengths of ex - baseball use computer modeling techniques to predict performance of ual learner and task structure com - Major League Baseball players. perts and of algorithms while compen - bine to create a zone of proximal sating for their weaknesses. Their work facilitation in which participants was successfully demonstrated in a research project led by Kirlik that had players of fantasy baseball use com - can go beyond what they could do puter modeling techniques to predict performance of Major League Baseball players . Kirlik ’s research has individually. ” shown the need for including uncertainty into formal models of human judgment. The goal of the SPADE proj - ect, according to team leaders from Draper Labs, is to find “the most precise and timely way to crowd-source its predictions amongst its widely dispersed analysts. ” 12 Research from Dan Morrow finds that experts work better in pairs than working alone when faced with a challenging problem. • • • • •

Cross-training for Improving Automatic Speech Recognition Technology

Comparing automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology to an athlete using cross-training, Mark Hasegawa-Johnson writes that ASR can also benefit from training on tasks other than those for which it was designed. Beckman faculty member Tim Bretl of the Artificial Intelligence group. Photo courtesy of the Coordinated Science Laboratory. Hasegawa-Johnson and graduate student Po-Sen Huang applied the Enabling Robots to Manipulate Flexible Items concept to ASR technology for automatically recognizing Levan - Teaching robots to perform certain problem by modeling the shape of a surgery, where flexible items are tine Arabic speech. One of tasks that humans do easily every flexible object as the solution to an common. “The beauty of this work Hasegawa-Johnson’s current re - day has been a challenge for re - optimal control problem and, by is that while the analysis was really search lines involves developing searchers in the field of robotics. studying the geometry of that prob - hard, the results are actually really ASR for Arabic dialects like Levan - Tim Bretl has found a mathematical lem, was able to describe all possible easy to apply,” Bretl said. “There’s tine, a challenging problem since solution to one of those challenging shapes of the object and develop an definitely more that needs to be the dialects don’t have a standard tasks for robots: manipulating flexi - algorithm for manipulation plan - done, but we have provided a solid written form. To try to improve ble objects. Objects that are flexible, ning. Potential uses are many, such foundation for future efforts.” Bretl’s the accuracy of the ASR technol - or deformable, have proven difficult as in industry where robots handle paper on the research was chosen ogy, the researchers added Stan - to describe mathematically—due to rigid objects with ease in manufac - out of a record 2,032 submissions for dard Arabic to the training data their changeable shape, orientation, turing products but can’t manipu - the Best Manipulation Paper Award for the Levantine ASR training etc.—for the program guiding the late flexible items. Another area is in at the IEEE International Confer - data since Standard Arabic shares robot’s actions. Bretl addressed the medicine, for example in robotic ence on Robotics and Automation. 70 percent of its vocabulary with Levantine. They discovered that, as Hasegawa-Johnson writes, “a small amount of out-of-task t Novel Algorithms Power Photo Collections, Super-resolution Images raining data actually improved performance: the best accuracy Tom Huang has been a leader in de - the training set, and then rank them ing , and printing. Huang and his col - was achieved when (we) com - veloping recognition software for by their discriminating power. The laborators described the process: bined about five hours of in-task identifying characteristics such as album feature is then set as the fre - “The algorithm first trains two cou - training data (Levantine Arabic) gender and emotion in an image. quencies of these frequent and dis - pled over-complete dictionaries for with about fifteen minutes Now Huang and his research group criminative patterns, called low and high resolution image of out-of-task training data have developed a way to recognize Compositional Object Pattern Fre - patches jointly. Then for each low (Standard Arabic). In other events in photo collections or online quency (COPF). We show with ex - resolution image patch from the words, cross-training, with an photo communities. Photos are perimental results that our algorithm input image, we find its sparse rep - in-task/out-of-task ratio of about often grouped into albums accord - is capable of recognizing holidays resentation (in terms of the low res - twenty to one, improved the ac - ing to a particular event, such as a with accuracy higher than the base - olution dictionary), which is applied curacy of the speech recognizer.” holiday gathering, making interpret - line method.” This past year Huang’s with the high resolution dictionary Hasegawa-Johnson said cross- ing the many varied characteristics group also developed a single image to produce the corresponding high training adds relevant outliers that within an album much more diffi - super-resolution algorithm that has resolution image patch. Compared include data which might not be cult than with a single image. applications in photo upscaling, edit - with previous super-resolution algo - part of the in-task training data , Huang’s group developed a new rithms, our approach is mathemati - but might very well be part of a model called Compositional Object cally sound and achieves real-world task situation. “A Pattern, which uses a novel mining state-of-the-art results. ” learner with cross-training is algorithm to characterize object therefore more robust to level patterns in the album based on This figure shows a comparison of small unexpected variations,” the relative frequencies of discrimi - patch-wise SR reconstruction accuracy Hasegawa-Johnson writes , “ and between sparse recovery and bicubic in - native patterns. This method, as the therefore tends to be more accu - terpolation. Red = patches where sparse rate in real-world problems. ” researchers wrote in their paper re - recovery beats bicubic interpolation; porting the results, allowed them to Blue = patches where bicubic interpola - 13 “mine frequent object patterns in tion is superior; and Gray = the two per - form on par with each other. • PROFILE • • • • N O I T C A R E T N I T N E G I L L E T N I R E T U P M O C G N A M U H • • Joined Illinois: 1999

• Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering • Joined Beckman: 1999 Group: Artificial Intelligence “This atmosphere is indirectly responsible Research Focus: Creating for almost everything I’ve done and directly new algorithms and applying knowledge from linguistics responsible for several big grants that I’ve and psychology in order to won. It’s nice not to have such barriers.” understand human speech and for development of automatic 14 – Mark Hasegaw a-Johnson speech recognition (ASR) and other technologies. Engineering Better Communication • • • •

s a researcher in the area of “The technology can make the ebb and flow of normal co-leader of a research line devel - Asignal processing, Mark it possible to travel anywhere in conversation. oping technology that enables the Hasegawa-Johnson works with the world and talk to anyone,” “What we’re working on now is visualization of large amounts of algorithms , software , and other Hasegawa-Johnson said. trying to build these tablet com - audio data . The projects involving nonmaterial tools of the computer Hasegawa-Johnson is also work - puters that basically act as a third technology for people with engineer. But his research is aimed ing to develop ASR for Arabic di - party in the conversation, where speech disabilities and ASR for at a very tangible human outcome : alects, and to empower those with the tablet recognizes the person Arabic dialects are both difficult improving how we communicate . speech disabilities. you are talking to, if it’s somebody challenges, but could ultimately That includes communication “We’re working on automatic you’ve talked to frequently,” be rewarding for millions . between people and with their speech recognition in dialects that Hasegawa-Johnson said. “It recog - “The problem is bringing the computers , as well as computer- don’t have speech technology be - nizes each voice and tries to technologies to bear in ways aided exchanges between humans . cause they don’t have a standard predict in that context what they that make those things possible ,” “I like to think of my research written form ,” he said. “We’re also would want to say to the other Hasegawa-Johnson said . “ But as progressing technology that working on a spoken language in - person. They can then choose these are all things I think that enables people to do things they terface for people with disabilities among the options it gives them are within reach on the scale of want to do,” Hasegawa-Johnson that make it very difficult for them using touch or a few keywords that 10 years, or possibly sooner.” said. “There are an uncounted to use a keyboard. It could be an it is able to recognize from their Hasegawa-Johnson’s longest number of opportunities on the aid so they can participate at the speech. collaboration at Beckman has human scale.” full level of their mental ability in “We want to try to avoid just been with Cole, a linguistics Hasegawa-Johnson has been a any job they want to hold.” stopping the conversation dead researcher from the Biological leader in developing automatic Research in that area is applying while the person types it out.” Intelligence research theme. speech recognition (ASR) software some of the same successful Hasegawa-Johnson does “I learned about her research for the applications people have methods developed for speech research in both speech and non- through some of her presenta - become accustomed to, such as recognizers toward helping people speech areas. He has collaborated tions here at Beckman,” when they call a customer service suffering from speech dysfunctions often with Beckman colleagues Hasegawa-Johnson said. “The line . His work is also focused on like dysarthria, a motor speech dis - Thomas Huang (on topics involv - ideals and the atmosphere in developing technology to improve order caused by brain injuries from ing signal processing in image and Beckman encourage interdiscipli - communication in areas that are stroke or cerebral palsy that affect audio technology) and Jennifer nary research . I’m inclined to work less well-known and in need of the muscles involved in speaking. Cole (on projects surrounding lin - with people from other colleges, technology advances . Hasegawa-Johnson is principal guistics ). His contributions include so it makes it much easier to find “A lot of my work on speech investigator on a recent University developing new algorithms for ASR people who are also inclined that in particular has moved in the of Illinois Interdisciplinary Innova - and language learning software, as way. direction of speech as an enabling tion Initiative grant to advance well as building mathematical “This atmosphere is indirectly technology,” he said. what he calls augmentative com - models for aiding linguistics re - responsible for almost everything One such research line is devel - munication for those with speech search, for example, in the study of I’ve done and directly responsible oping technology that would make disabilities. The project is starting speech landmarks and the dynam - for several big grants that I’ve it possible to communicate in a with a tablet PC prototype, with ics of speech fluency . won. It’s nice not to have such country where the speaker is not a goal of enabling those with Hasegawa-Johnson has many barriers.” fluent in the native language. dysarthria to experience more of current projects, including as

15 • HIGHLIGHTS P•RO•FIL•E • • •

• The Integrative Imaging (IntIm) research theme brings together people and technologies to create advances in imaging science that have real-world impact in both research and clinical settings. Research in Integrative Imaging is divided into two groups, the • Bioacoustics Research Laboratory (BRL) and the Bioimaging Science and Technology group (BST) . Their research efforts include those who are working to design and engineer new imaging instruments and methods as well as to optimize current techniques,

• those for whom imaging is an integral part of doing scientific research, and some who are engaged in both efforts. They are improv - ing methods such as ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, creating new methods based on technologies like computed G tomography and optical imaging, and applying the instruments and techniques for important biomedical purposes. Some of the N I medical applications are at the clinical trial stage , where minimally invasive breast cancer screenings and cooling helmets for head G trauma are being tested at Carle Foundation Hospital in Urbana. Basic research involving the life sciences that could also have A real-world outcomes is a pillar of this theme, including topics such as understanding the morphology of speech and the impact of M

I exercise on the body . E V I T A R G

E Multipurpose Imaging Device Proves Effective T for Diagnosing Ear Infections N I Stephen Boppart ’s development behind the eardrum. “We send the of a multipurpose medical diag - light into the ear canal, and it scat - nostic device for non-invasive ters and reflects from the tym - imaging use by primary care panic membrane and the biofilm physicians was successfully behind it,” said Cac Nguyen of demonstrated in diagnosing ear Boppart’s research group. “We infections, a special area of need measure the reflection, and with when it comes to children. Ear the reference light we can get the infections are the most common structure in depth.” The prototype condition treated by pediatri - device , which can be fitted with cians, but biofilms of bacteria multiple tips that enable it to be that build up behind the eardrum used for other purposes such as for can make diagnosis difficult, and eye exams, was successfully Still image taken from a video of fast dynamic imaging of speech using PSF. even lead to hearing loss and/or demonstrated for the first time in surgery. The imaging technology a clinical setting at Carle Founda - Advancing MRI for Imaging of Speech Function developed by Boppart is based tion Hospital in Urbana. “All the on optical coherence tomogra - sites that a primary-care physician Brad Sutton , Zhi-Pei Liang , and their research groups teamed up phy, a non-invasive method that would look at, we can now look at to develop a method for improving magnetic resonance imaging uses light to render high-resolu - with this more advanced imaging, ” (MRI) of speech function. The research efforts of both Liang and tion, three-dimensional images Boppart said. “With OCT, we are Sutton are aimed at advancing MRI capabilities, with part of of tissue. Medical personnel use bringing to the primary-care clinic Liang’s work dedicated to improving cardiac imaging, while Sut - an otoscope to probe the high-resolution 3-D digital imaging , ton has a focus on improving speech imaging. They collaborated eardrum; Boppart’s device is and being able to look at many dif - to combine Liang’s image reconstruction algorithms for under - used like an otoscope, but with ferent tissue structures in real- sampled data used in cardiac imaging with Sutton’s fast acquisi - the ability to send light into the time, non-invasively , and in depth.” tion techniques toward the goal of improving speech imaging. ear canal and see any biofilm The result was faster acquisition and reconstruction of MRI im - ages and, therefore, improved visualization of human speech function. The technique is especially useful for studying the facial birth defect of cleft palate, an area of focus for Sutton . “In our previous work we were able to achieve something like 20 frames per second with a single midsagittal slice,” Sutton said. “So we can see the tongue move, see the soft palate, which is split in cleft palate, and see it move in healthy adults. But now, with the methods we are collaborating on with Zhi-Pei Liang, we can get five slices at 20 frames per second. So we can start to see what’s happening in multiple planes and really visualize three-dimen - sional movements.”

16 Stephen Boppart and his collaborators tested a prototype of a new device • • • • • that can see biofilms behind the eardrum. The left image shows the probe and gel substrate with 1 µm beads embedded. The right images show a typical dis - Using the Body’s Cells placement (in µm). for Biosensing

Yingxiao (Peter ) Wang ’s approach to developing biosensors is to get lecular imaging techniques. In the body’s own cells to do the another project, Wang and his sensing work, for example through collaborators used a FRET-based mechanotransduction, the cellular biosensor toward gaining under - process that converts mechanical standing of the focal adhesion signals into biochemical responses. stimulation with genetically- lation of the cells and used the kinase (FAK) protein that plays a By manipulating large proteins in encoded biosensors that enable FRET biosensors to measure the critical role in many processes at live cells Wang is able to create live cell imaging. The genetically- results. The researchers focused on the cell membrane. They devel - biosensors for use in disease detec - encoded biosensors are based on intracellular signaling of calcium oped a FRET-based FAK biosensor tion and basic science research. In a molecular interactio n— called ions because their concentration that was able to, as they wrote, 2012 Wang reported on a collabo - fluorescence resonance energy has been shown, as they write, to “visualize FAK activity at different ration with Taher Saif that used transfer (FRET )— between dye “play crucial roles in a variety of membrane microdomains” with live cell imaging to gain molecular- molecules that enables live cell physiological consequences and is “high spatiotemporal resolution in scale insight into the previously imaging for the visualization and sensitive to mechanical cues.” live cells.” This enabled them to mysterious subcellular process of quantification of crucial molecular Wang said that the results have show that FAK is activated with how mechanical force regulates signals at subcellular levels. For implications for those working in “with distinct activation mecha - calcium signaling in the body . The this research, they created a novel fields such as vascular biology and nisms in response to different method combines mechanical probe device for mechanical stimu - those seeking to use advanced mo - physiological stimuli .”

The Optical Imaging metric microscope and uses adaptive optics, and say it can be when you look at the retina with - Picture Gets Clearer algorithms based on Fourier optics used on any computer, for example out adaptive optics , you just see principles to correct for aberra - at a clinic, and for any type of in - variations of light and dark areas Using optical techniques for tions post-acquisition, then recon - terferometric imaging, including that represent the rods and cones. minimally invasive or non-invasive structs images that provide high OCT. “The effectiveness is strik - But when you use adaptive optics, imaging of tissue holds great resolution at all depths. They call ing,” Boppart said. “Because of the you see the rods and cones as promise for medicin e— if the the technique computational aberrations of the human eye, distinct objects.” images rendered are clear at all . R E

depths. Stephen Boppart develops F F U

optical coherence tomography A T imaging (OCT) systems for medical S N A I

applications such as disease diag - R B . nosis and surgical probes. Boppart L Y B

and Beckman colleague Scott O T

Carney , a leader in developing O H algorithms that advance imaging P methods, teamed up to create a fast, inexpensive technique that computationally corrects for aberrations in a tomogram. These aberrations, which result in blobs or streaks in images, appear worse at higher resolutions, hampering accurate diagnoses. In tomo - graphic imaging, 3-D models are computed from sectional images from a scan. The method devel - oped by Carney and Boppart scans a tissue sample with an interfero - From left, postdoctoral researcher Steven Adie, professor Scott Carney, graduate students Adeel Ahmad and Benedikt Graf, 17 and professor Stephen Boppart. • • • • • G

N Exercise Triggers Stem Cell Accumulation in I Muscle G A

M Marni Boppart directs the Molecu - muscle growth, but do in fact se - I lar Muscle Physiology Laboratory crete a variety of different factors E at Beckman, in research that, she that positively impact muscle V I says, is “dedicated to exploring growth. The cells usually respond

T The SLIM method is capable of measuring mass with a sensitivity of one

A femtogram, or one thousandth of the mass of a cubic micron of water. new methods or therapeutics that to injury but in the case of exercise

R have the potential to prevent or what we think, and this is a very

G treat skeletal muscle atrophy.” This novel phenotype for these cells, is

E SLIM Technique Proves a Success for past year, Boppart reported on her that they secrete the factors T Stain-free Imaging and Measuring Cell Growth

N findings that showed, for the first specifically in response to mechan - I time ever, that just one exercise ical strain. We are very excited be - Gabriel Popescu designed a broadband interferometric mi - session in mice leads to an accu - cause this work is an important croscopy technique known as SLIM (Spatial Light Interference Mi - mulation of what are called mus - step towards developing effective croscopy) as an add-on module to a commercial phase contrast cle-derived mesenchymal stem interventions that can prevent the microscope. SLIM, which combines phase contrast microscopy cells (or mMSCs) that play a role in loss of muscle that occurs with and holography, enables fast nanoscale imaging of cell structures the regeneration response to injury aging and disease.” Boppart’s lab is and tissue interactions , and also provides quantitative information or disease in skeletal muscle. It is a now examining the direct thera - on the sample. This past year, the versatility of SLIM was demon - discovery that could provide in - peutic value of the MSC popula - strated in two different applications through its ability to measure sight into the link between exer - tion in the prevention of single cell growth and as a stain-free imaging method for cancer cise and whole body health. sarcopenia and working with inter - diagnosis. In the latter project, SLIM’s use of light waves allowed Mesenchymal stem cells are found national collaborators to identify researchers to examine more than 1,200 biopsies without using throughout the body and can dif - MSCs in human skeletal muscle the standard histological method of staining tissue samples and ferentiate into a variety of cell following exercise. “Overall, this associated lab work. They were able to visualize cells with high types, including for enhancement work has the potential to trans - resolution and high contrast, at scales that revealed prostate tu - of tissue regeneration. In addition form our current beliefs regarding mors and breast calcifications. Popescu said the method allows for to that role, they can indirectly fa - exercise-induced skeletal muscle earlier detection and treatment of cancer. “Ideally, we would like cilitate tissue healing, as was found adaptation and the way that we to detect cancer at the single-cell level,” he said. “So we can find a in this study. Boppart said they treat musculoskeletal and age-spe - cell that looks abnormal and do everything so much earlier where were able to show that “mMSCs cific disorders,” she said. the process is still reversible. We know that the disease starts at are not directly contributing to the nanoscale, at the molecular level, and we think we have the proper tool to catch these early events.” That tool was also proven effective in measuring single cell growth, an important biological process which has proven difficult to quantify with other mi - croscopy methods. Using SLIM, Popescu and his collaborators were able to measure the dry mass of many individual adherent cells in samples ranging from bacteria to mammalian cells, in vari - ous conditions, and at multiple scales and times. Mustafa Mir of Popescu’s research group was first author on the paper. “By using a fluorescence reporter in conjunction with this novel optical technique, we were also able to differentiate how the cells regu - late their growth in different stages of their lifecycle,” Mir said. “Aside from the basic science interest, this technology could have broader implications in understanding the effects of cancer treat - ments and other forms of therapy on the fundamental process of cell growth.”

Mesenchymal stem cells (green florescence) are found in several locations in skeletal muscle, including around blood vessels following exercise. 18 • • • • • Technology Created for Small Sample Multimodal Imaging

Ling-Jian Meng and Wawrzyniec ultrahigh resolution small-animal Dobrucki are using newly-devel - PET imaging. Dobrucki works oped detector inserts for positron with the MIL’s multimodal emission tomography (PET) imag - microPET/SPECT/CT scanner, ing and for magnetic resonance which renders PET image resolu - Wawrzyniec Dobrucki is shown with the Micro PET/SPECT/CT scanner in the Molecular Imaging Laboratory in the Beckman Institute’s Biomedical Imaging Center. imaging (MRI) toward creation of a tions of 2 mm which, he said, is not novel imaging modality. Meng has good enough for imaging speci - a research focus on developing mens such as heart tissue from a allow a direct comparison against a superimposed, providing visualiza - new nuclear imaging techniques mouse. Meng said the use of small- state-of-art commercial PET sys - tion of anatomical (MRI) and func - such as sensors based on room pixel semiconductor detectors will tem currently installed at MIL.” As tional (PET) features of samples. temperature detectors. Dobrucki provide high resolution for samples for their roles, Dobrucki said that Dobrucki said the first phase in the directs the Molecular Imaging Lab - from small animal models. “I would Meng is “developing the hardware project was to develop a small ring oratory (MIL) in Beckman’s Bio - say that the target resolution and I’m developing the applica - detector and “test it using phan - medical Imaging Center (BIC), with we would like to achieve in PET tions and agent radio tracer we toms to see how it works, and to research interests in multimodal images is between 0.3 and 0.5mm, will use with them.” Meng said determine the performance of the imaging and, particularly, imaging which is regarded as ultrahigh the semiconductor-based PET system. Now we are moving this to strategies for assessing angiogene - resolution in PET imaging,” Meng detection system could also be imaging and using tissue.” Meng sis in animal models for studies of said. He added that his group is used inside MRI scanners for simul - is also applying the technology disease. They teamed up on a proj - developing “proof-of-concept taneous dual-modality PET/MRI toward developing an MRI-com - ect that is developing novel semi - detection systems for preliminary studies. That would enable images patible SPECT system, which he conductor detector technology for imaging studies, which would also from the two modalities to be expects to be completed this fall.

A Non-invasive Method for Studying Brain Trauma

Studying the effects of even brain under more severe impact.” mild impacts on the brain has The results from the two meth - been challenging because of the ods were correlated, proving the difficulty of direct observation FE model successful as a predic - and in replicating brain trauma tor. “To our knowledge, this in artificial or animal models. A study is the first attempt where research team led by Martin the deformation field obtained Ostoja-Starzewski created by MRI-based assessment is cor - Figure illustrates unique methods to study the the 3-D head related with the prediction of a topic in a new way. They used model of brain corresponding FE model, and it is magnetic resonance imaging impact. also the first validation of a FE (MRI) to assess, in vivo , the de - brain injury model on in vivo formation field resulting from a human brain deformation data.” mild impact while also creating They add that this validation a (finite element, FE) computer “using in vivo brain deformation simulation of a patient-specific data under mild impact in this 3-D head model of brain impact Brad Sutton works on advancing in vivo loading conditions during study provides us more confi - to make predictions about the MRI methods. Together they and impact. Volunteers took part in dence of using our proposed FE MRI data. Ostoja-Starzewski’s their collaborators were able to head drop experiments with mild model as an effective predictive research at Beckman is focused look at brain injury mechanisms in impact, which can, the researchers tool for future brain injury re - on MRI-based studies of head a new way, using advanced MRI wrote, provide “some insight into search. ” trauma; fellow team member techniques to non-invasively study the deformation patters of the 19 20 INTEGRATIVE IMAGING • • • • • “I thes body phy l ik • • • • s e i ol an coming b o i omark d gy brain to ferdif up ers per with EL I F O R P th enc fo r at m.” wa re – s late ys B i r n ad to the underl S measure u t wa on y ying the s m m ap Re T Gr J J De oi oi ci echn ethod ag pl ou en n n se pa e e i neti cati a tif d d p: rt o r c Be I m lo l Bi c s h c on i gy e for res n c oi res Fo n km oi s. m t earc cu : on s m ag : Bio a edi s 20 n an in : : h A en 0 g c 20 cal dva 3 e Sci gi 0 i mag an n 3 nc en eri d in ce i n g n g an g d A Passion for Imaging Science • • • •

rad Sutton’s research is making measure these biomarkers that As a professor in Bioengineer - Sutton also has research lines Badvances in magnetic reso - relate underlying physiology to ing, Sutton is also helping to pre - that include studying age-related nance imaging (MRI) methods for differences in the way the body pare the next generation of demyelination in motor pathways a broad range of biomedical and and brain perform. The hope is imaging scientists, ones he hopes and imaging microvascular blood scientific applications. His perspec - that many of these measures will will have the same drive he has to flow with MRI. He hopes his stu - tive on the critical role those im - have an impact on healthcare in contribute to his chosen field . dents can find the same kind of ages play in 21 st Century medicine, the future. ” “The students in our depart - passion for imaging science that however, is singular. Sutton’s interest in imaging ment have a good opportunity to he developed as a graduate stu - “Seeing is believing,” Sutton science and bioengineering began become the future leaders in this dent with an MRI scanner at his said. “If we can visualize a process during a two-week period in high area, so we’re trying to give them disposal. and monitor it, that’s a really school when he shadowed a experience with real-world sys - “We’re really trying to achieve important tool for learning what’s radiologist. tems, real-world data, so they will that here , where we’re trying to going on in physiology. But being “During that process I got to be able to learn new systems and open the system up for the stu - able to see something happen is see a lot of what clinical and inter - design them ,” Sutton said. dents,” Sutton said . “ If I think not the same as being able to visu - ventional medicine is , and really Sutton earned his undergradu - about what created that really alize all the causes of everything saw the need for being able to ate degree in engineering at the strong MRI interest for me, it was that’s happening. image and measure things without University of Illinois and a Ph.D. at that level of access. You think “This is why it’s so important actually going in and taking a the University of Michigan in bio - about ‘here is some interesting that imaging science continues sample ,” Sutton said. medical engineering. He then physiology signal, can I go see it?’ to develop. MRI in particular con - The interest blossomed into a spent nearly three years as a chief “We want to encourage our tinues to evolve as we find new passion for imaging science in MRI engineer at Beckman’s Bio - students to be innovative. They pieces of information in our data graduate school when he had medical Imaging Center (BIC) be - can identify important physiologi - that give us a window into cellular ample access to an MRI scanner. fore joining the Department of cal changes in aging, for example, processes that we didn’t have “That is where my real motiva - Bioengineering as a faculty mem - and then go to the scanner and before.” tion came from : hey, there is a ber in 2006 . He was granted see if they can develop methods This year Sutton earned a machine, this MRI scanner, where tenure and became an Associate to measure it. I would like to be tenured faculty position in the I can actually go look at all this Professor in August, 2012. able to create that environment Department of Bioengineering , different physiology,” Sutton said . One of Sutton’s research here for these students. ” and got new lab space and his very Sutton’s research is based on projects involves MR imaging of own office at the Beckman Insti - developing magnetic resonance speech morphology and structure, tute. Those might be called the imaging (MRI) methods, using al - with a particular interest in the finishing touches to an academic gorithms and graphics processing facial birth defect of cleft palate. career built on his passion for im - units, among other tools, to im - In one advance, Sutton and Beck - aging science, and its function as a prove data acquisition, processing man colleague Zhi-Pei Liang have pillar of modern medicine . speed, and image resolution . The applied novel computational “What I like most about doing advances in magnetic resonance methods to MR imaging of speech this is , you’re trying to make these imaging are being applied to an function. The reconstructed, very fine, detailed, quantitative ever-widening assortment of bio - three-dimensional images and measurements and often your first logical structures and physiological resulting video have given an un - try is not successful,” Sutton said . functions in research projects and precedented, dynamic look into “I like coming up with ways to biomedicine . functional anatomy during speech.

21 •

• HIGHLIGHTS • • • • • •

• The Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures (M&ENS) research theme brings together scientists from disciplines as diverse as biology and engineering, and physics and chemistry, with the goals of both understanding and working with nanoscale structures

• and processes. The five research groups comprising M&ENS are: 3D Micro- and Nanosystems, Autonomous Materials Systems, Computational Multiscale Nanosystems, and Nanoelectronics and Nanomaterials . Within these groups, M&ENS

S researchers develop and use computational tools for simulating biological processes and for designing nanosystems, fashion

E nanoelectronics for applications in biomedicine and consumer products, and construct autonomous multifunctional materials R systems. They have created breakthrough technologies and discoveries that will power future electronics, serve as healthcare U monitors and healing tools, and self-heal damaged systems. T C U R T S O N

A Autonomic Restoration of an Electrical Circuit N C I One of the first steps in a research When ruptured upon damage, N line devoted to creating longer last - the material was released, filling O ing and safer batteries and electron - the crack, and restoring 99 R

T ics technology was taken when percent of conductivity to 90

C researchers Jeff Moore, Scott percent of the samples within E White, and Nancy Sottos reported 40 microseconds, and only in L

E on the restoration of electrical the area of damage. “It simpli -

D conductivity to a mechanically fies the system,” Moore said.

N damaged circuit. Damage to an “Rather than having to build in

A electrical circuit in electronics and redundancies or to build in a

R the batteries that power them and sensory diagnostics system, A other products is often unseen and this material is designed to take L not repairable, leading to waste and care of the problem itself.” U

C extra costs. “Normally you just re - The researchers wrote about

E place the whole chip,” Sottos said. the potential applications: L “It’s true for a battery too. You can’t Figure illustrates research taking place on self-healing circuits. Success in this area “Self-healing circuits will lead to O pull a battery apart and try to find could lead to increased longevity and device reliability. increased longevity and device M the source of the failure.” To add a reliability in adverse mechanical self-healing component to electronics, the researchers tried a self- healing environments, enabling new applications in microelectronics, advanced approach they had used for polymers by employing a microencapsulated batteries, and electrical systems.” conductive materia l— in this case gallium-indium (Ga–In) liquid metal.

Controlling Heat Flow across an Interface

Paul Braun led a collaboration second to accurately analyze heat wich to the quartz at the bottom. which included Beckman colleague flow with nanometer-depth reso - Through manipulation of the Nancy Sottos and David Cahill lution. The process involves de - composition of the molecules in from the Department of Materials positing a single layer of contact with the gold layer, they Science and Engineering that molecules on a quartz surface to were able to observe changes in demonstrated atomic-scale manip - create what Braun calls a “molec - heat transfer and show that ulation of heat flow across an in - ular sandwich”. They then trans - stronger bonding between the terface between two materials. fer-print an extremely thin gold molecules and the gold layer re - They applied a measurement tech - film on top, apply a heat pulse to sulted in a doubling of the nique Cahill developed that uses the gold layer, and then measure amount of heat flow. laser pulses of one trillionth of a how it traveled through the sand -

22 Graphic by Paul Braun’s group illustrating the “molecular sandwich.” Electronic Tattoos Created for Health Monitoring

John Rogers was a leader of a multi- con, as other stretchable silicon functional. Proof-of-concept of the university collaboration that fabri - technologies Rogers had created, system was shown by mounting cated an ultrathin flexible patch, or but he and his collaborators had to electronic components such as “electronic tattoo” as it was dubbed, overcome fabrication issues that LEDs and sensors on the rubbery for, among other applications, use come with applying the system to substrate. “We threw everything in as an unobtrusive epidermal health skin. “Our previous stretchable elec - our bag of tricks onto that platform, monitor. The patch could be used to tronic devices are not well-matched and then added a few other new monitor brain or muscle activit y— to the mechanophysiology of the ideas on top of those, to show that as is done with, respectively, EEG skin,” Rogers said. “In particular, the we could make it work,” Rogers said. and EMG methods. It is a thin sheet skin is extremely soft, by compari - The success of the system, the of water-soluble plastic that, unlike son, and its surface can be rough, researchers wrote, enables “inti - The circuits filamentary those methods, is mechanically with significant microscopic texture. mate, mechanically ‘invisible’, tight serpentine shape allows them to and reliable attachment of high- bend, twist, scrunch, and stretch invisible to the person wearing it. These features demanded different while maintaining functionality. Rogers has been a pioneer in devel - kinds of approaches and design prin - performance electronic functionality oping flexible and stretchable ciples.” So they fabricated tiny wires with the surface of the skin in ways electronics for a wide variety of with a wavy, snakelike shape that al - that bypass limitations of previous uses, including consumer products. lowed them to bend and twist when approaches.” The electronic tattoo employs some they were mounted on thin, soft of the same materials, such as sili - rubber sheets, while also remaining

Growing Graphene on Copper Crystals . R

Faculty members Joseph Lyding and E we’re still writing the cookbook for F F

Eric Pop and their collaborators U graphene. We’re constantly refining A T identified copper crystal structures S our techniques, trying out new N A that are optimal for use as a sub - I recipes. As with any technology in R B . strate for growing high-quality L its infancy, we are still exploring Y graphene, the kind needed for B what works and what doesn’t.” O T

future electronics based on the O In another discovery involving H one-atom thick sheet of carbon. P graphene, Pop led a project which “Graphene is a very important found that more imperfections in material,” Lyding said. “The future of graphene used for chemical sensing electronics may depend on it. The actually improved the sensitivity of quality of its production is one of the sensor. They found that the re - the key unsolved problems in nano- sponse of graphene chemiresistors technology. This is a step in the used in gas sensors depends on the direction of solving that problem.” Joe Lyding, Eric Pop, and graduate student Josh Wood. types and geometry of their defects. Copper is seen as an ideal substrate “What we determined is that the for growing graphene because it project, they grew graphene on They found that the copper’s crystal gases we were sensing tend to bind is cost-effective when it comes to polycrystalline copper (Cu) and used structure was most important for to the defects,” Pop said. “Surface manufacturing, and promotes a suite of imaging methods includ - high-quality graphene growth. “The defects in graphene are either single-layer graphene growth. Un - ing scanning electron microscopy question is, how do you optimize it point-, wrinkle-, or line-like. We derstanding how graphene grows is (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, and while still maintaining cost effec - found that the points do not matter key to integrating it successfully into atomic force microscopy (AFM), in tiveness for technological applica - very much and the lines are most manufacturing methods. In this making observations of the results. tions?” Pop said. “As a community, likely where the sensing happens.” 23 • • • • • S E

R Vascular Composites Created for Multiple U Applications T C

U Nancy Sottos, Scott White, and Jeff Moore had the methods employed

R by both manufacturers and nature in mind with their development of T vascularized structural composites. Synthetic composites, the researchers S and their collaborators wrote in reporting their results, “possess high O

N strength-to-weight ratios but lack the dynamic functionality of their natural

A counterparts” such as bone tissue, that also rely on vascularized networks

N which “enable a plurality of biological function in both soft and hard tissue”

C and “exemplify natural materials that are lightweight, high-strength, and ca - I pable of mass and energy transport.” They answered this industry challenge N by creating sacrificial fibers that degrade after fabrication, leaving hollow O

R vascular tunnels for transport of aqueous solutions, organic solvents, and

T liquid metals. The technology could be used for a variety of applications C in materials, from self-healing to self-cooling. Introducing these sacrificial E

L fibers into woven glass fiber preforms, they wrote, enables the “seamless E fabrication of 3D microvascular composites that are both strong and multi -

D functional. The hollow channels produced are high-fidelity inverse replicas

N of the original fiber's diameter and trajectory. The method has yielded A microvascular fiber-reinforced composites with channels over one meter

R Image by Li Huey Tan, Yu Xiang, and Yi Lu. in length that can be subsequently filled with a variety of liquids including A

L aqueous solutions, organic solvents, and liquid metals.” They report on using

U DNA Sensors Used to Make Glucose commercially available materials in the process that satisfies manufacturing C Meter a Multifunctional Testing Tool criteria such as strength, flexibility, and thermal variations. “There have been E

L vascular materials fabricated previously, including things that we've done,

O Yi Lu took a common healthcare product, the personal glu - but this paper demonstrated that you can approach the manufacturing with a concept that is vastly superior in terms of scalability and commercial M cose meter used by people with diabetes to test glucose lev - els in blood, and applied functional DNA sensors to create a viability,” White said. “We have a vascularized structural material that can new diagnostic device that could change healthcare testing do almost anything.” worldwide. As Lu wrote in the paper reporting the method, “Portable, low-cost and quantitative detection of a broad range of targets at home and in the field has the potential to revolutionize medical diagnostics and environmental monitor - ing.” A personal glucose meter, or PGM, is just such a device but it can only test for glucose. Lu has been a pioneer in using DNA for sensing targets such as lead in paint. In this project he used functional DNA sensors that bind to specific targets but which have mainly been used in expensive laboratory systems. In this new method, Lu employed “functional-DNA- conjugated invertase to link glucose detection to the detec - tion of other targets, and use the concentration of glucose to quantify the other targets of interest present in the samples.” The targets, Lu wrote, can “range from recreational drugs such as cocaine to important biological cofactors such as adenosine, as well as disease markers and toxic metal ions (for example, uranium).” Lu said the method “significantly ex - pands the range of targets the glucose monitor can detect. It is simple enough for someone to use at home, without the high costs and long waiting period of going to the clinics or Researchers developed a class of sacrificial fibers that degrade after composite fabri - sending samples to professional labs.” 24 cation, leaving hollow vascular tunnels that can transport liquids or gases through the composite. Image by Piyush Thakre, Alex Jerez, Ryan Durdle, and Jeremy Miller. . R E F

F • • • • • U A T S N A I R B

First Optoelectronically . Bandage for Blood L Y

Active 3-D Photonic B Vessel Growth O

Crystal T O

H Rashid Bashir was co-leader of P Paul Braun led a project that an interdisciplinary, multi-uni - demonstrated the first optoelec - versity project that created a tronically active 3-D photonic bandage which stimulates and crystal, a discovery that has directs blood vessel growth on implications for solar cell and laser the surface of a wound. The technologies, among other applica - bandage contains living cells tions. “We’ve discovered a way to that promote and guide blood change the three-dimensional struc - vessel growth. Using what the ture of a well-established semicon - researchers call a microvascular ductor material to enable new stamp, the bandage can pattern optical properties while maintaining functional blood vessels at a its very attractive electrical proper - never-before-seen scale. “The ties,” Braun said. Researchers have ability to pattern functional been able to make 3-D photonic blood vessels at this scale in liv - crystals that direct light (called opti - ing tissue has not been demon - Martin Gruebele led a group that directly observed two state dynamics in cally active) but up until now they strated before,” Bashir said. “We glassy silicon for the first time. have not been able to turn light into can now write features in blood electricity or vice versa (electroni - vessels.” An advantage of the cally active). The photonic crystal Researchers Show that, Yes, Amorphous Silicon stamp is that cells release produced by Braun and his collabo - is a Glass growth factors in a more sus - rators including John Rogers has tained, targeted manner than both properties. To accomplish it Martin Gruebele studies one of the oldes t— and least understoo d— other methods. Potential appli - they deposited a single-crystal materials known to man: glass, an amorphous (or non-crystalline) cations include guiding blood semiconductor, gallium arsenide solid material. On the other hand, amorphous silicon (a-Si) is well- vessel growth around a blocked (GaAs), through the gaps of a known for its properties useful in applications such as electronics. But artery and increasing the devel - template of tiny spheres to create what was not known about the semiconductor was whether it should opment of vascular tissues with an intricate three-dimensional be classified as a glass since it shares some characteristics of glasses poor blood flow. This new ap - structure. To demonstrate the but cannot be created by rapid cooling of the liquid phase like con - proach is the first ever to incor - method’s optoelectronic capability ventional glasses. Gruebele joined with Beckman colleague Joe porate live cells in a stamp. The the group built the first working 3-D Lyding , using the advanced scanning tunneling microscope (STM) project included researchers photonic crystal LED. The next step created by Lyding, to answer that question. They used the STM to from three different depart - is to optimize the technology for a take sub nanometer-resolution images of a-Si created through ion ments at Illinois in collaboration variety of applications by using bombardment and vapor growth and pieced them together to form a with MIT and Georgia Tech. other semiconductor materials or time-lapse video. They observed a signature property of glass called specific wavelengths. two-state dynamics, where clusters of atoms hop between two posi - tions. “This is the first time that this type of two-state hopping has been imaged in a-Si,” Gruebele said. “It’s been predicted by theory and people have inferred it indirectly from other measurements, but this is the first time we’re been able to visualize it.” The video proved that amorphous silicon is a glass, but in manufacturing it is doped with hydrogen to improve performance. When the researchers introduced hydrogen it quenched the two-state model. In reporting the discov - ery, the researchers wrote that “our results provide direct evidence for glasslike dynamics on pure a-Si surfaces and its absence on H-passi - vated surfaces.” Gruebele believes the glassy nature of a-Si is worthy of further investigation. “We really need to revisit what the properties After the “microvascular stamp” is removed its pattern is revealed in the of a-Si are,” he said. “There could yet be surprises in the way it func - pattern of blood vessels. tions and the kind of things that we might be able to do with it.” 25 Paul Braun and his team demonstrated Photo courtesy of the Micro and the first optoelectronically active 3-D Nanotechnology Lab . photonic crystal. • • • • • S E

R Pressurized Vascular Systems for

U Self-healing Materials T

C One method for self-healing developed by researchers in the Au - U tonomous Materials Systems (AMS) group involves using microvas - R

T cular systems for self-repair of materials damage, such as cracks in a S coating applied to a building or bridge. Typically these systems have O relied on capillary force for transport of the healing agents that re - N pair the damage. This past year, Nancy Sottos and Scott White of A AMS demonstrated that an active pumping capability for pressurized N delivery of liquid healing agents in microvascular systems signifi - C I InGaAs: Solar cells (bottom) made with arrays of nanowires. Engineers can tune cantly improves the degree of healing compared with capillary force N the performance by using nanowires of differing composition and thickness. methods. The advance was inspired by nature, the researchers

O Graphic by Xiuling Li. wrote: “Fluid flow in these natural vascular systems is typically R driven by a pressure gradient induced by the pumping action of a T

C Advances in Semiconductor Production Methods heart, even in primitive invertebrates such as earthworms.” To

E achieve active pumping the researchers experimented with an exter - L Xiuling Li had discoveries in two method for growing semiconductor

E nal “pump” composed of two computer-controlled pressure boxes different areas of semiconductor nanowires on silicon wafers that that allowed for more precise control over the flow of the healing D technology that should improve could improve the manufacturing of agents, which were fed into two parallel microchannels. They found N their manufacture, as well as that solar cells, among other optoelec -

A that active pumping improves the degree of mechanical recovery, of the electronics devices they tronic products. Instead of the usual

R and that a continuous flow of healing agents from dynamic pumping power. In one research line, Li cre - method of depositing a thin film A extends the repeatability of the self-healing response. Sottos said L ated a method for etching semi - over a silicon wafer (which can the study was a first step toward integrating active pumping into mi - U conductors used in optoelectronic cause defects), the new method is crovascular systems. “This set-up could be used with any microvas - C devices like solar cells and light- based on growing a densely packed E cular network, including the structural composites reported on L emitting diodes (LEDs). Li used array of nanowires, composed of recently,” Sottos said. “In future materials, it would be ideal to have O metal-assisted chemical etching strands of the III-V semiconductor the pumping integrated in the materials itself.”

M to pattern arrays in the semicon - indium gallium arsenide, up verti - ductor gallium arsenide, used in cally from the silicon wafer. Li said many optoelectronics, to create the technique is compatible with three-dimensional structures for current manufacturing methods. the manufacturing of chips. She “This work represents the first re - used a patterning technique pio - port on ternary semiconductor neered by Beckman colleague nanowire arrays grown on silicon John Rogers , joining with him to substrates, that are truly epitaxial, optimize what is called a soft li - controllable in size and doping, high thography method for patterning aspect ratio, non-tapered, and that reduces costs. In another broadly tunable in energy for practi - project that also included Rogers, cal device integration,” she said. Li and her collaborators created a

Xiuling Li’s group developed a Vascular epoxy specimen containing two pairs of microchannels (280 microns method for growing semicon - in diameter) positioned to intersect cracks and release liquid healing agents ductor nanowires on silicon into regions of damage. Each microchannel contains either a liquid resin (dyed wafers that holds promise for red) or a liquid hardener (dyed blue), which react to form a polymer adhesive advanced device applications, upon mixing. Inlets inserted into each microchannel enable connection of the including solar cells. microchannels to external pumps. Specimen height: is 40 mm.

26 • • • • • Solving a Blood Clotting Mystery Using Computer Simulation

Emad Tajkhorshid creates dynamic Researchers on the study were (from left): Emad Tajkhorshid, Chad Rienstra, Mary computer simulations of biological Clay, Rebecca Davis-Harrison, Zenmei Ohkubo, Narjes Tavoosi, Mark Arcario, Taras processes to gain insights into how Pogorelov and James Morrissey. Photo by L. Brian Stauffer. nature works at the atomic scale. Electrothermal cantilever with nanome - These simulation s— which render chemical interactions involved in through for us,” said Professor of ter-scale electrode tip integrated onto a “movies” of molecular scales blood clotting once again provided a Biochemistry James Morrissey, a co- microheater. processes such as protein bindin g— never-before-seen view, this time leader of the study with Tajkhorshid. are created with advanced software into a chemical interaction that is as “They provided a detailed view of and large computer arrays in a re - critical to blood clotting as that how things might come together First Nanoscale Probe search area called computational bi - process is to the human body when during membrane binding of coagu - Created for Electronic ology. They have provided insights, it comes to response to injury. The lation factors. This is the first real Measurements often for the first time, into work - computer simulation was able to insight at an atomic level of how ings that have escaped the under - simulate the interactions of mole - most of the blood-clotting proteins William King developed a heated standing of scientists using cules, showing how lipids link to the interact with membranes, an inter - atomic force microscope (AFM) conventional experiments and imag - cell domain in an intricate process action that’s known to be essential cantilever tip that provides a new ing methods. Tajkhorshid’s contribu - that had not been visualized before. to blood clotting. “ way to measure and control elec - tion to a project studying the “The simulations were a break - tronics. Tips with integrated heaters are used in industry for a wide vari - ety of products and in research labs to study topics such as nanoscale Ionic Liquid Catalyst a Step toward Reducing Fuel Production Costs heat flow. The probe developed by King and his collaborators is the first A joint effort between industry and carbon dioxide gas is converted stabilizing the process and reduc - to use a heated nanoscale tip for the University of Illinois produced into carbon-based chemicals such ing the energy required to drive it. electronic measurements. “We have a catalyst that greatly reduces the as fuels that are usually derived “More work is needed, but this re - developed a new kind of electro- energy requirements of artificial from petroleum. It is an alternative search brings us a significant step thermal nanoprobe,” King said. “Our photosynthesis, in a step toward to biofuels, which require transfer closer to reducing our dependence electro-thermal nanoprobe can in - reducing costs and energy in fuel of biomass to a refinery. But the on fossil fuels while simultaneously dependently control voltage and production. Led by Paul Kenis and process is also energy intensive in reducing CO emissions that are temperature at a nanometer-scale 2 his research group, the collabora - the conversion of carbon dioxide linked to unwanted climate point contact. It can also measure tion with startup company Dioxide into carbon monoxide, the initial change,” Kenis said. the temperature-dependent voltage Materials created a catalyst tech - step in the fuel manufacturing at a nanometer-scale point contact.” nology that reduces atmospheric process. In this project the re - The probe can be used to measure carbon dioxide while producing searchers used an ionic liquid cata - properties of materials such as ther - fuel. In artificial photosynthesis, lyst to mediate the conversion, moelectrics and semiconductors at the nanoscale. King has pioneered using AFM for technology such as a “soldering iron” for nanolithography. This tip was different in that there are three electrical paths to the can - tilever tip, two carrying heating cur - rent, with the third enabling nanoscale electrical measurement. The two electrical paths are sepa - rated by a diode junction fabricated into the tip. King said the probes Graphics show biofuel production (left) compared to fuel produced via artificial synthe - can be used with any atomic force sis. Crops takes in CO , water and sunlight to create biomass, which then is transferred 27 2 Paul Kenis. Photo by L. Brian Stauffer microscope. to a refinery to create fuel. In the artificial photosynthesis route, a solar collector or windmill collects energy that powers an electrolyzer, which converts CO 2 to a synthesis gas that is piped to a refinery to create fuel. Graphic by Dioxide Materials. • PROFILE • • • • S E R U T C U R T S O N A N C I N O R T C E L E D N A R A L U C E L O M • •

• Joined Illinois: 1990 Department: Aerospace

• Engineering Joined Beckman: 2001 “Jeff (Moore) and Nancy (Sottos) and I Group: Autonomous Materials are a team. Whatever success I’ve had is Systems Research Focus: Self-healing directly attributed to their contributions on materials that autonomically re - spond to damage such as cracks that team and we make it work that way.” with healing agents that restore – Scott White functionality to the system. 28 The Power of Persistence • • • • •

cott White shares a character - “He would say no and I would and we make it work that way. It’s with before that and afterwards, it Sistic with many of his fellow just come back,” White said of pretty unique and I think I’ve yet to has changed completely. The kind engineers: a seemingly inborn their original meetings. “I think, as see another group that emulates of research that I did for my Ph.D. desire to take things apart and see Jeff would say, I’m a very stubborn that. I’m very thankful that we’ve is no longer represented in our how they work. That also requires guy. As Nancy would say, if I found each other.” group. Now it’s all focused on persistence, a trait of a more select convince myself of something, White was also persistent when self-healing systems, microvascular club White also belongs to, that then I won’t give it up. I just don’t it came to taking autonomous systems, and battery technologies. of the successful scientist/ take no for an answer very well if I technology to the real world, after “More importantly, it really entrepreneur. believe in it. If I invest myself in being rebuffed by large corpora - opened my eyes to doing excep - The former attribute was re - something, I’m not going to easily tions he first approached with the tional work that has far reaching vealed around the age of 5 when be dissuaded or pointed in a new research. He saw self-healing as a impact. So, basically, that’s what White dissected whatever caught direction.” way to prevent catastrophic events I’m motivated by now. I’m not re - his attention in his father’s garage. What resulted from their like the Minnesota interstate ally interested in doing incremental The latter quality is what made collaboration was a new research bridge collapse, believing the tech - work that just continues to opti - White a driving force in creating a area into self-healing, or au - nology could be used in coatings to mize some particular aspect of research line that has now gone tonomous, materials that is now prevent small cracks from turning the research. I really want to worldwide and led to technology being pursued by scientists around into larger structural damage. make a huge impact and spend that could help prevent everything the world. The three went on to When industry didn’t listen, the amount of time I have left from bridge collapse to electric help form the Beckman Institute’s White led a drive to create a start- in my career doing the kind of vehicle battery failure. Autonomous Materials Systems up company, Autonomic Materials, research that has transformative In the 1990s White, a faculty group, which White now leads. Inc. (AMI), that is now working effects.” member in the Department of Their work has broadened from with Fortune 500 companies to de - White envisions a research Aerospace Engineering, persuaded capsules that rupture and release a velop products to be released future that includes not just self- a reluctant member of the Depart - healing agent in response to dam - within the next year or two. healing but a new line built around ment of Chemistry, Jeff Moore, to age of a material, to autonomous Self-healing is research that is regeneration of materials systems. join a fledgling research collabora - microvascular systems and, re - sharply different from White’s orig - If it can be made to work, it’s tion into self-healing materials. cently, to self-healing for electrical inal work when he joined the Uni - a good bet White will make it White was working with Nancy storage systems, with a focus on versity of Illinois in 1990 with a happen and have another new Sottos from the Department of batteries for electrical vehicles. Ph.D. in engineering and mechan - research line. Materials Science and Engineering Their ongoing collaboration is one ics from Penn State and a focus on “I don’t like the status quo and I on the novel research line and they of the longer and more successful composite materials. When that think a lot of times we get com - realized early on that Moore’s ex - ones on campus, and distinctive first paper on self-healing came fortable with what we’re doing,” he pertise in chemistry was vital for in that it involves three core out in Nature in 2001, it received said. “But you don’t make transfor - the project to move forward. members instead of two. worldwide attention and White’s mative and impactful things by Moore wasn’t interested but White “Jeff and Nancy and I are a career took an immediate turn. being comfortable.” was persistent, and he eventually team,” White said. “Whatever suc - “It changed almost overnight,” joined the team. cess I’ve had is directly attributed he said. “If you look at the portfo - to their contributions on that team lio of the research I was involved

29 • • •

• Strategic Initiatives • • • • •

Scientific exploration at the Beckman Institute is constantly evolving, as a reflection of current trends and in anticipation of fu - • ture lines of research. As part of these efforts, the Beckman Institute has formalized three campus-wide strategic initiatives that could eventually become full-fledged research themes. S E V I T A I T I N I C I G E T A

R HABITS Strategic Initiative on Imaging Social Dimensions of

T Environmental Policy (SDEP) S The Health: Attitudes, Biology, Informa - The Beckman Institute is home to the tion, Technology, Society (HABITS) Strategic Initiative on Imaging, led by Inte - The Social Dimensions of Environmental strategic initiative is focused on a topic grative Imaging research theme co-chair Policy (SDEP) strategic initiative has a that has increasing importance as the Stephen Boppart. This initiative is focusing mission of understanding the social and population ages: health across the lifes - campus efforts in developing and using im - political-economic forces shaping just and pan. HABITS seeks to integrate robust, aging technologies for scientific, industry, sustainable environmental policy, while long-term research lines such as the and biomedical applications. It serves to seeking to improve management of Beckman-led studies of the beneficial ef - bring together people, knowledge, and re - earth’s environment through research on fects of exercise on cognitive aging with sources in an area in which the University of social and policy dimensions of sustain - the goal of promoting health and well - Illinois has been a leader. Illinois imaging re - ability. SDEP does social-science research ness throughout our lives. Research in searchers have played key roles in advancing involving the causes of environmental HABITS is focused around four themes. mature modalities like magnetic resonance change, the causes of social problems re - Promoting Successful Aging includes re - imaging (developed by Nobel Prize winner lated to the environment, and the mak - search into how interventions such as ex - Paul Lauterbur, founder of Beckman’s Bio - ing, implementation, and effects of policy ercise programs and intellectual medical Imaging Center, BIC) and ultra - solutions on society and the environment, engagement, or advancing technologies sound, as well as advancing current, with a goal of contributing to sound solu - like cochlear implants, may enhance suc - cutting-edge techniques and devices, such tions to environmental issues. SDEP cessful aging. Neural Systems: Repair, Re - as those involving optical imaging. The houses two research programs. The Pro - placement, and Augmentation combines Strategic Initiative on Imaging includes gram on Democracy and Environmental neuroscience and technology toward ex - more than 100 faculty members from many Policy does research on the establish - ploring ways to restore or improve func - different departments on campus, either ment, operation, and effect of democratic tionality of the nervous system. developing new imaging techniques, using processes in decisions over the manage - Understanding Normal and Abnormal imaging in research, and some who do both. ment and use of natural resources. The Cognition and Emotion concerns the ef - They come from fields as diverse as astron - Program on Climate and Society investi - fects cognitive and emotional health play omy, biology, the arts, and computation. gates the social causes and effects of re - in healthcare decisions such as choices Resources supporting these efforts include, sponses to global environmental change. made in determining medical treatments. among others, BIC and Beckman’s other The Social Dimensions of Environmental Bioimaging seeks to take advantage of core facilities, the Illinois Simulator Labora - Policy (SDEP) strategic initiative is led by the world-renowned strength in imaging tory and the Imaging Technology Group, Beckman Institute faculty member Jesse science at Beckman and the University of and the National Center for Supercomput - Ribot. Illinois toward advancing research involv - ing Applications. ing topics like brain changes associated with cognition and emotional states, de - velopment of biomarkers for disease, and development of computational models. HABITS is led by Beckman faculty Kara Federmeier and Rohit Bhargava.

30 31 • •

• BioIntel Selected Faculty Awards, Patents, Grants, and Publications • • E

C Covering July 1, 2011 – June 30, 2012 Lee Cox, Molecular and Integrative BIOINTEL SELECTED PATENTS Joshua Gulley and Janice Juraska ,

N Physiology AND PATENT APPLICATIONS Abbott Laboratores, “The Effects of

E Albert S. Feng, Molecular and a Bioactive Nutrient on Cognitive BIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE Faculty members from the Biologi - G Integrative Physiology Functioning in an Animal Model of

I FACULTY cal Intelligence research theme were L (name followed by home department) Roberto Galvez, Psychology Normal Aging,” 5/16/2012 –

L inventors on the following patent Martha L. Gillette, Cell and 5/15/2014, $598,908. E filed (0.5% of the 192 patents issued Cognitive Neuroscience Developmental Biology T to campus) during FY2012 (Beckman Aron Barbey , Neal Cohen , Janet Aron Barbey, Applied Health Rhanor Gillette, Molecular and N

I Institute BioIntel faculty members Jokela, Art Kramer , Dan Llano , Brad Sciences Integrative Physiology are listed in bold): Sutton , John Wang and Gene L Diane M. Beck, Psychology William T. Greenough, Psychology

A Robinson , “Nutritional Intake, Cog - Neal J. Cohen, Psychology Janice M. Juraska, Psychology Monica Fabiani , Gabriele Gratton ,

C nitive Function, and Measures of I Florin Dolcos, Psychology Daniel Llano, Molecular and Kathy Low and Edward Maclin, Brain Aging,” 5/16/2012 – 5/15/2015, G Monica Fabiani, Psychology Integrative Physiology “Non-Invasive Optical Imaging for $1,315,148. O Kara D. Federmeier, Psychology Mark E. Nelson, Molecular and Measuring Pulse and Arterial Elastic - L Susan M. Garnsey, Psychology Integrative Physiology ity in the Brain,” Patent filed April Neal Cohen , Art Kramer , Charles

O Justin S. Rhodes, Psychology I Brian D. Gonsalves, Psychology 26, 2012, Application Number Hillman , Renee Baillargeon and

B Gabriele Gratton, Psychology Gene E. Robinson, Entomology 13/504,401. John Wang , Abbott Laboratories, Christopher M. Grindrod, Speech Edward J. Roy, Psychology “Optimizing Assessment Tools for and Hearing Science Taher Saif, Mechanical Science and BIOINTEL GRANTS AWARDED Determining Nutritional Enhance - Wendy Heller, Psychology Engineering ($11,345,978) ment of Learning and Memory,” Melissa Littlefield, Applied Health Jonathan V. Sweedler, Chemistry 5/16/2012 – 5/15/2015, $715,909. Sciences Gabriele Gratton , Ed Maclin and Gabriel Gratton and Monica Fabi - Torrey M. Loucks, Speech and BIOINTEL SELECTED HONORS Monica Fabiani , NIH/ISS, “Opticor - ani , Abbott Laboratories, “Cognitive Hearing Science AND AWARDS tex: A Full-Head Non-Invasive Gregory A. Miller, Psychology Functional Optical Brain Imaging and Brain Development in Prema - Richard S. Powers, English Florin Dolcos Device,” 7/1/2010 – 6/30/2012, ture Infants,” 5/16/2012 – 5/15/2015, Sharon Y. Tettegah, Curriculum • Best Paper Award from the $116,688. $1,040,067. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, and Instruction Justin Rhodes , Abbott Laboratories, 2011 Rachel Kohman , NIH, “Therapeutic Interventions for Brain-Immune In - “Mouse Cognition Core Facility,” Cognitive Science Kara Federmeier teractions During Cognitive Aging,” 5/16/2012 – 5/15/2015, $1,519,355. Aaron S. Benjamin, Psychology • Fellow, Association for 7/1/2011 – 6/30/2016, $172,422. Jeffrey Woods, Rod Johnson, Justin J K. Bock, Psychology Psychological Science, 2012 Sarah Brown-Schmidt, Psychology Neal Cohen and Joel Voss , Rhodes , Keith Kelley and Robert Kiel Christianson, Educational J Kathryn Bock NIH/Boston University, “Neuropsy - McCusker, Abbott Laboratories, Psychology • Election to Society of chological Analysis of PFC-MTL “Enhancing Learning and Memory in Jennifer S. Cole, Linguistics Experimental Psychologists, 2011 Functional Interactions in Humans,” the Aged: Interactions between Di - Gary S. Dell, Psychology 9/6/2011 – 6/30/2016, $1,228,859. etary Supplementation and Exer - Gary Dell Cynthia L. Fisher, Psychology cise,” 5/16/2012 – 5/15/2015, • Fellow, Society of Experimental Neal Cohen , Arthur Kramer and Jose Mestre, Educational $1,450,542. Psychologists, 2012 Gene Robinson , Abbott Laborato - Psychology ries, “Grand Challenge-Admin/ William Helferich, Hong Chen, Ed Jerome L. Packard, East Asian Jonathan Sweedler Web Development,” 11/1/2011 – Roy , Taekjip Ha, Rodney Johnson Languages and Cultures • Director, School of Chemical 12/31/2016, $1,782,626. and Justin Rhodes , Abbott Labora - Michelle Perry, Educational Sciences, effective August 2012 tories, “Molecular Basis of Cognitive Psychology • Ralph N. Adams Award, The Lee Cox and Deepa Venkitaramani , Impairment in ‘ChemoBrain’ and Brian H. Ross, Psychology Pittsburgh Conference, 2012 University of Indiana, “Recovery of Nutritional Intervention,” 5/16/2012 Chilin Shih, East Asian Languages • Fellow, American Chemical Cellular Function in Fragile X Syn - – 5/15/2015, $987,225. and Cultures Society, 2011 drome by Acamprostate Treatment,” Annie Tremblay, French 1/1/2012 – 6/30/2012, $10,000. BIOINTEL SELECTED Jonathan Waskan, Philosophy BIOINTEL INVENTION Gabriele Gratton, Monica Fabiani , PUBLICATIONS Duane G. Watson, Psychology DISCLOSURES Renee Baillargeon and Cynthia Amaya, K. R.; Sweedler, J. V. ; Fisher , Abbott Laboratories, NeuroTech Faculty members from the Biologi - Clayton, D. F. , Small Molecule “Development of a Methodology for Thomas J. Anastasio, Molecular cal Intelligence research theme Analysis and Imaging of Fatty Acids Investigating the Effects of Nutri - and Integrative Physiology were inventors on one invention in the Zebra Finch Song System tion on the Maturation of Brain Stephanie S. Ceman, Cell and disclosure (0.4% of the 223 invention Using Time-of-Flight-Secondary Ion Networks Associated with Memory Developmental Biology disclosures filed by campus) during Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Neu - and Language in Infants,” 5/16/2012 32 David F. Clayton, Cell and FY2012. rochemistry 2011 , 118, (4), 499-511. Developmental Biology – 5/15/2014, $408,229. Anastasio, T. J. , Data-Driven Model - tigations. Journal of Cognitive Psy - Dantzer, R.; Rhodes, J. S. , Voluntary Spielberg, J. M.; Miller, G. A. ; War - ing of Alzheimer Disease Pathogen - chology 2011 , 23, (6), 669-694. Wheel Running Reverses Age-In - ren, S. L.; Engels, A. S.; Crocker, L. esis. Journal of Theoretical Biology duced Changes in Hippocampal D.; Sutton, B. P. ; Heller, W. , Trait Duff, M. C.; Brown-Schmidt, S. , 2011 , 290, 60-72. Gene Expression. PLoS One 2011 , 6, Motivation Moderates Neural Acti - The Hippocampus and the Flexible DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022654. vation Associated with Goal Pursuit. Barbey, A. K. ; Colom, R.; Solomon, Use and Processing of Language. Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neu - J.; Krueger, F.; Forbes, C.; Grafman, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Kuchinsky, S. E.; Bock, J. K. ; Irwin, roscience 2012 , 12, (2), 308-322. J., An Integrative Architecture for 2012 , 6, DOI: D. E. , Reversing the Hands of Time: General Intelligence and Executive 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00069. Changing the Mapping from Seeing Voss, J. L.; Galvan, A.; Gonsalves, B. Function Revealed by Lesion Map - to Saying. Journal of Experimental D. , Cortical Regions Recruited for Fossat, P.; Turpin, F. R.; Sacchi, S.; ping. Brain 2012 , 135, 1154-1164. Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Complex Active-Learning Strategies Dulong, J.; Shi, T.; Rivet, J. M.; Cognition 2011 , 37, 748-756. and Action Planning Exhibit Rapid Blackwell, E.; Ceman, S. , A New Sweedler, J. V. ; Pollegioni, L.; Millan, Reactivation During Memory Re - Regulatory Function of the Region M. J.; Oliet, S. H. R.; Mothet, J. P., Kutas, M.; Federmeier, K. D. , Thirty trieval. Neuropsychologia 2011 , 49, Proximal to the Rgg Box in the Frag - Glial D-Serine Gates Nmda Recep - Years and Counting: Finding Mean - (14), 3956-3966. ile X Mental Retardation Protein. tors at Excitatory Synapses in Pre - ing in the N400 Component of the Journal of Cell Science 2011 , 124, (18), frontal Cortex. Cerebral Cortex 2012 , Event-Related Brain Potential (ERP), Voss, J. L.; Warren, D. E.; Gonsalves, 3060-3065. 22, (3), 595-606. In Annual Review of Psychology ; B. D. ; Federmeier, K. D. ; Tranel, D.; Fiske, S. T., Schacter, D. L., Taylor, S. Cohen, N. J. , Spontaneous Revisita - Bock, J. K. , How Much Correction Galvez, R. ; Nicholson, D. A.; Dister - E., Eds. 2011 ; Vol. 62, 621-647. tion During Visual Exploration as a of Syntactic Errors Are There, Any - hoft, J. F., Physiological and Link among Strategic Behavior, way? Language and Linguistics Com - Anatomical Studies of Associative Maclin, E. L.; Mathewson, K. E.; Learning, and the Hippocampus. pass 2011 , 5, 322-335. Learning: Convergence with Learn - Low, K. A.; Boot, W. R.; Kramer, A. Proceedings of the National Academy ing Studies of W.T. Greenough. De - F. ; Fabiani, M .; Gratton, G. , Learn - Brumback Peltz, C. R.; Gratton, G. ; of Sciences of the United States of velopmental Psychobiology 2011 , 53, ing to Multitask: Effects of Video Fabiani, M. , Age-Related Changes in America 2011 , 108, (31), E402-E409. (5), 489-504. Game Practice on Electrophysiologi - Electrophysiological and Neuropsy - cal Indices of Attention and Re - Voss, M. W.; Chaddock, L.; Kim, J. S.; chological Indices of Working Mem - Hannula, D. E.; Baym, C. L.; Warren, source Allocation. Psychophysiology Vanpatter, M.; Pontifex, M. B.; ory, Attention Control, and D. E.; Cohen, N. J. , The Eyes Know: 2011 , 48, (9), 1173-1183. Raine, L. B.; Cohen, N. J. ; Hillman, Cognitive Flexibility. Frontiers in Eye Movements as a Veridical Index C. H. ; Kramer, A. F. , Aerobic Fitness Cognition 2011 , 2, 190. of Memory. Psychological Science Mathewson, K. E.; Lleras, A. ; D.M., Is Associated with Greater Effi - 2012 , 23, (3), 278-287. B.; Fabiani, M. ; Ro, T.; Gratton, G. , Carignan, C.; Shosted, R. ; Shih, C. ciency of the Network Underlying Pulsed out of Awareness: EEG Alpha L. ; Rong, P. Y., Compensatory Artic - Hayes, J. P.; LaBar, K. S.; McCarthy, Cognitive Control in Preadolescent Oscillations Represent a Pulsed Inhi - ulation in American English Nasal - G.; Selgrade, E.; Nasser, J.; Dolcos, Children. Neuroscience 2011 , 199, bition of Ongoing Cortical Process - ized Vowels. Journal of Phonetics F. ; Morey, R. A., Reduced Hip - 166-176. ing. Frontiers in Perception Science 2011 , 39, (4), 668-682. pocampal and Amygdala Activity 2011 , 2, 99. Walther, D. B.; Beck, D. M. ; Li, F. F., Predicts Memory Distortions for Chambers, K. E.; Onishi, K. H.; To Err Is Human: Correlating FMRI Trauma Reminders in Combat-Re - Mestre, J. P. ; Docktor, J. L.; Strand, Fisher, C. , Representations for Decoding and Behavioral Errors to lated PTSD. Journal of Psychiatric Re - N. E.; Ross, B. H. , Conceptual Prob - Phonotactic Learning in Infancy. Probe the Neural Representation of search 2011 , 45, (5), 660-669. lem Solving in Physics, In Psychology Language Learning and Development Natural Scene Categories, In Visual of Learning and Motivation: Cogni - 2011 , 7, 287-308. Huang, H. W.; Meyer, A. M.; Feder - Population Codes: Toward a Com - tion in Education ; Mestre, J. P. , Ross, meier, K. D. , A “Concrete View” of mon Multivariate Framework for Cell Christianson, K. ; Luke, S. G., Con - B. H. , Eds. 2011 ; Vol. 55, 269-298. Aging: Event Related Potentials Re - Recording and Functional Imaging ; text Strengthens Initial Misinterpre - veal Age-Related Changes in Basic Nelson, M. E. , Electric Fish. Current Kriegeskorte, N., Kreiman, G., Eds. tations of Text. Scientific Studies of Integrative Processes in Language. Biology 2011 , 21, (14), R528-R529. 2012 , 391-415. Reading 2011 , 15, (2), 136-166. Neuropsychologia 2012 , 50, (1), 26-35. Parks, N. A.; Maclin, E. L.; Low, K. Yang, S.; Cox, C. L. ; Llano, D. A. ; Dell, G. ; Kittredge, A., Connection - Janes, D. E.; Chapus, C.; Gondo, Y.; A.; Beck, D. M. ; Fabiani, M. ; Grat - Feng, A. S. , Cell’s Intrinsic Biophysi - ist Models of Aphasia and Other Clayton, D. F. ; Sinha, S.; Blatti, C. ton, G. , Examining Cortical Dynam - cal Properties Play a Role in the Sys - Language Impairments, In Hand - A.; Organ, C. L.; Fujita, M. K.; Bal - ics and Connectivity with tematic Decrease in Time-Locking book of Psycholinguistic and Cogni - akrishnan, C. N.; Edwards, S. V., Simultaneous Single-Pulse Transcra - Ability of Central Auditory Neurons. tive Processes: Perspectives in Reptiles and Mammals Have Differ - nial Magnetic Stimulation and Fast Neuroscience 2012 , 208, 49-57. Communication Disorders ; Guen - entially Retained Long Conserved Optical Imaging. Neuroimage 2012 , douzi, J., Loncke, F., Williams, M. J., Noncoding Sequences from the 59, (3), 2504-2510. Zombeck, J. A.; DeYoung, E. K.; Eds. 2011 , 169-188. Amniote Ancestor. Genome Biology Brzezinska, W. J.; Rhodes, J. S. , Se - Rubin, R. D.; Brown-Schmidt, S. ; lective Breeding for Increased Home Dolcos, F. ; Iordan, A. D.; Dolcos, S., and Evolution 2011 , 3, 102-113. Duff, M. C.; Tranel, D.; Cohen, N. J. , Cage Physical Activity in Collabora - Neural Correlates of Emotion- Kohman, R. A.; Rodriguez-Zas, S. L.; How Do I Remember That I Know tive Cross and Hsd:ICR Mice. Behav - Cognition Interactions: A Review of 33 Southey, B. R.; Kelley, K. W.; You Know That I Know? Psychologi - ior Genetics 2011 , 41, (4), 571-582. Evidence from Brain Imaging Inves - cal Science 2011 , 22, (12), 1574-1582. • •

• HCII Selected Faculty Awards, Patents, Grants, and Publications • •

HCII FACULTY Michael Twidale, Library and Jont Allen and Marion Regnier, Stephen Levinson , Sandia National N (name followed by home department) Information Science “Speech and Method for Identifying Laboratories, “Computational Mod - O

I Ranxiao Wang, Psychology Perceptual Features,” Patent issued els of Neurals Dynamics,” 1/1/2012 – T Artificial Intelligence October 25, 2011, Patent Number 8/15/2012, $35,197. C Narendra Ahuja, Electrical and Image Formation and Processing 8,046,218. A Arthur Kramer , Charles Hillman Computer Engineering Brian P. Bailey, Computer Science R Ashvin George and Yoram Bresler , and Neal Cohen , “Enhancing Chil -

E Jont Allen, Electrical and Computer Yoram Bresler, Electrical and “Fast Hierachical Tomography dren’s Cognitive and Brain Health T Engineering Computer Engineering Methods and Apparatus,” Patent Through Physical Activity Training,” N

I Eyal Amir, Computer Science Minh N. Do, Electrical and Computer issued February 21, 2012, Patent 4/1/2012 – 3/31/2017, $3,075,701. Timothy W. Bretl, Aerospace Engineering T Number 8,121,378. Engineering George K. Francis, Mathematics

N Erik Johnson , Borroughs Wellcome

E Gerald F. Dejong, Computer Jiawei Han, Computer Science Sevket Babacan, Minh Do , Gabriel Fund, “Developing Localization

G Science Thomas S. Huang, Electrical and Popescu and Zhuo Wang, “Sparse Algorithms for Extracellular Neural I

L Roxanna Girju, Linguistics Computer Engineering Deconvolution Spatial Light Mi - Recordings,” 5/16/2012 – 12/31/2012, L Mark A. Hasegawa-Johnson, Elec - Douglas L. Jones, Electrical and croscopy in Two and Three Dimen - $5,845. E trical and Computer Engineering Computer Engineering

T sions,” Patent filed May 31, 2012, Seth A. Hutchinson, Electrical and Yi Ma, Electrical and Computer Charles Hillman , Neal Cohen ,

N Application Number 61/653,460. I Computer Engineering Engineering Sharon Donovan and Naiman Khan,

R Steven M. Lavalle, Computer Pierre Moulin, Electrical and Abbott Laboratories, “The Effects of

E HCII GRANTS AWARDED Science Computer Engineering Fortified Nutritional Supplementa - T ($8,338,256) Stephen E. Levinson, Electrical and Klara Nahrstedt, Computer Science tion on Cognition, Memory, and U Achievement,” 5/16/2012 –

P Computer Engineering Arthur Kramer and Edward Silvina A. Montrul, Spanish, McAuley , NIH, “Influence of Fitness 5/15/2015, $1,547,371. M HCII SELECTED HONORS AND Italian, and Portugese on Brain and Cognition,” 7/15/2010 – O AWARDS Arthur Kramer , George Fahey, Dan Roth, Computer Science 6/30/2015, $10,000. C Eddie McAuley , Neal Cohen and G Ryan K. Shosted, Linguistics Mark Hasegawa-Johnson Roxanna Girju , State Farm, “A Text- Jeffrey Woods, Abbott Laboratories, N • Fellow, Acoustical Society of Paris Smaragdis, Computer Science “Synergistic Effects of Exercise and A America, 2011 to-Scene Conversion and Visualiza - tion System for Car Accident Nutrition on Cognition and Brain M Human Perception and Daniel Simons Reports,” 5/16/2011 – 5/15/2012, Health of Older Adults: A Random - U Performance • Fellow, Association for Psycho - $94,107. ized Controlled Trial,” 5/16/2012 – H Matthew Dye, Speech and Hearing logical Science, 2012 5/15/2015, $2,495,272. Science Tim Bretl and Seth Hutchinson , Wai-Tat Fu, Human Factors NSF, “CPS:Small:Mathematical HCII INVENTION DISCLOSURES HCII SELECTED PUBLICATIONS Division Faculty members from the Human- Computational and Perceptual Charles H. Hillman, Kinesiology Computer Intelligent Interaction re - Foundations for Interactive Cyber- Babacan, S. D.; Wang, Z.; Do, M. ; and Community Health search theme were inventors on Physical Systems,” 8/8/2011 – Popescu, G. , Cell Imaging Beyond Derek W. Hoiem, Computer three invention disclosures ( 1.3 % of 8/31/2012, $15,474. the Diffraction Limit Using Sparse Science Deconvolution Spatial Light Inter - the 223 invention disclosures filed by Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , Thomas Fatima T. Husain, Speech and ference Microscopy. Biomedical campus) during FY20 12. Huang, Henry Kaczmarski and Hearing Science Optics Express 2011 , 2, (7), 1815-1827. Camille Goudeseune , NSF, “Fodava- David E. Irwin, Psychology HCII SELECTED PATENTS AND Alex Kirlik, Human Factors Division Partner: Visualizing Audio for Becker, A.; Bretl, T. , Motion Plan - PATENT APPLICATIONS Anomaly Detection,” 9/1/2011 – ning under Bounded Uncertainty Arthur F. Kramer, Psychology Faculty members from the Human- Charissa Lansing, Speech and 8/31/2013, $343,857. Using Ensemble Control, In Robot - Computer Intelligent Interaction re - ics: Science and Systems Vi ; Mat - Hearing Science Arthur Kramer , ONR/KSU, “A New search theme were inventors on the suoka, Y., Durrant Whyte, H., Neira, Alejandro Lleras, Psychology Measure of the Useful Field of View following two patent applications J., Eds. 2011 , 299-306. Edward McAuley, Kinesiology and (1.0 % of the 192 patent applications (UFOV): The Gaze-Contigent Pe - Community Health filed by the campus) and two ripheral Blue Detection Task,” Bhattacharya, S.; Hutchinson, S. , A Jason McCarley, Psychology patents issued (2.6% of the 76 10/1/2011 – 9/30/2014, $551,432. Cell Decomposition Approach to Deana C. McDonagh, Industrial patents issued to campus) during Visibility-Based Pursuit Evasion Matthew Dye , Monica Fabiani and Design FY2012 (Beckman Institute HCII fac - among Obstacles. International Gabriele Gratton , NSF/Gallaudet, Daniel G. Morrow, Human Factors ulty members are listed in bold): Journal of Robotics Research 2011 , 30, “Optical Imaging of Visual Selective Division (14), 1709-1727. Attention in Deaf Adults,” 10/1/2011 Daniel J. Simons, Psychology Minh Do , Robert Morrison and – 9/30/2013, $164,000. Bielski, L. M.; Lansing, C. R. , Utility Jacob J. Sosnoff, Kinesiology and David Munson , “ Synthetic Aperture of the Baddeley and Hitch Model of Community Health Focusing Techniques,” Patent filed Short-Term Working Memory to In - 34 Elizabeth A L Stine-Morrow, August 31, 2011, Application Number vestigate Spoken Language Under - Educational Psychology 13/222,770. standing: A Tutorial. Perspectives on Erickson, K. I.; Weinstein, A. M.; Morrow, D. , Expertise and Age Dif - Tang, H.; Chu, S. M.; Hasegawa- Aural Rehabilitation and Its Instru - Sutton, B. P. ; Prakash, R. S.; Voss, ferences in Pilot Decision Making. Johnson, M. ; Huang, T. S. , Partially mentation 2012 , 19, 25-33. M. W.; Chaddock, L.; Szabo, A. N.; Gerontologist 2011 , 51, 552-552. Supervised Speaker Clustering. IEEE Mailey, E. L.; White, S. M.; Wojcicki, Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Bredemeier, K.; Simons, D. J. , Work - Nguyen, N.; Jones, D. L. ; Yang, Y. C.; T. R.; McAuley, E. ; Kramer, A. F. , Machine Intelligence 2012 , 34, (5), ing Memory and Inattentional Blind - Liu, C., Flow Vision for Autonomous Beyond Vascularization: Aerobic Fit - 959-971. ness. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review Underwater Vehicles Via an Artificial ness Is Associated with N-Acetylas - 2012 , 19, (2), 239-244. Lateral Line. EURASIP Journal on Wan, X.; Wang, R. F. ; Crowell, J. A. , partate and Working Memory. Brain Advances in Signal Processing 2011 , The effect of landmarks in human Bretl, T. , Minimum-Time Optimal Behavior 2012 , 2, (1), 32-41. DOI: 10.1155/2011/806406. path integration. Acta Psychologica Control of Many Robots That Move Fu, W. T. , A Dynamic Context 2012 , 140(1), 7-12. in the Same Direction at Different Ozbek, I. Y.; Hasegawa-Johnson, Model of Interactive Behavior. Cog - Speeds. IEEE Transactions on Robot - M. ; Demirekler, M., Estimation of Wan, X. A.; Voss, M.; Lleras, A. , Age- nitive Science 2011 , 35, (5), 874-904. ics 2012 , 28, (2), 351-363. Articulatory Trajectories Based on Related Effects in Inter-Trial Inhibi - Huang, Y. W.; Moulin, P. , On the Gaussian Mixture Model (Gmm) tion of Attention. Aging Burns, C.; Wang, R. F. ; Stipanovi , D. Saddle-Point Solution and the with Audio-Visual Information Fu - Neuropsychology and Cognition 2011 , M. , A Study of Human and Receding Large-Coalition Asymptotics of Fin - sion and Dynamic Kalman Smooth - 18, (5), 562-576. Horizon Controller Performance of gerprinting Games. IEEE Transac - ing. IEEE Transactions on Audio a Remote Navigation Task with Yang, Q. X.; Ahuja, N. , Surface Re - tions on Information Forensics and Speech and Language Processing Obstacles and Feedback Delays. flectance and Normal Estimation Security 2012 , 7, (1), 160-175. 2011 , 19, (5), 1180-1195. Paladyn: Journal of Behavioral Robot - from Photometric Stereo. Computer ics 2011 , 2(1), 44-63. Kannampallil, T. G.; Waicekauskas, Payne, B. R.; Jackson, J. J.; Hill, P. L.; Vision and Image Understanding K.; Morrow, D. G. ; Kopren, K. M.; Gao, X. F.; Roberts, B. W.; Stine- 2012 , 116, (7), 793-802. Carignan, C.; Shosted, R. ; Shih, C. Fu, W.-T. , External Tools for Collab - Morrow, E. A. L. , Memory Self-Effi - L. ; Rong, P. Y., Compensatory Artic - Yoon, Y. S.; Allen, J. B. ; Gooler, D. orative Medication Scheduling, In cacy Predicts Responsiveness to ulation in American English Nasal - M., Relationship between Conso - Cognition, Technology & Work ; Inductive Reasoning Training in ized Vowels. Journal of Phonetics nant Recognition in Noise and Hear - Springer-Verlag, London, 2011 . Older Adults. Journals of Gerontol - 2011 , 39, (4), 668-682. ing Threshold. Journal of Speech ogy Series B-Psychological Sciences Kapoor, A.; Allen, J. B. , Perceptual Language and Hearing Research Chaddock, L.; Erickson, K. I.; and Social Sciences 2012 , 67, (1), 27- Effects of Plosive Feature Modifica - 2012 , 55, (2), 460-473. Prakash, R. S.; Voss, M. W.; VanPat - 35. tion. Journal of the Acoustical Society ter, M.; Pontifex, M. B.; Hillman, C. Zhuang, X. D.; Zhou, X.; Hasegawa- of America 2012 , 131, (1), 478-491. Pham, H.; Ding, H. F.; Sobh, N.; Do, H. ; Kramer, A. F. , A Functional MRI Johnson, M. A. ; Huang, T. S. , Effi - M. ; Patel, S.; Popescu, G. , Off-Axis Investigation of the Association be - Ma, R.; Aghasadeghi, N.; Jarze - cient Object Localization with Quantitative Phase Imaging Pro - tween Childhood Aerobic Fitness bowski, J.; Bretl, T. ; Coleman, T. P., Variation-Normalized Gaussianized cessing Using Cuda: Toward Real- and Neurocognitive Control. Biolog - A Stochastic Control Approach to Vectors, In Intelligent Video Event Time Applications. Biomedical Optics ical Psychology 2012 , 89, (1), 260-268. Optimally Designing Hierarchical Analysis and Understanding ; Zhang, Express 2011 , 2, (7), 1781-1793. Flash Sets in P300 Communication J., Shao, L., Zhang, L., Jones, G. A., Chin, J.; Morrow, D. G. ; Stine- Prostheses. IEEE Transactions on Qi, G. J.; Aggarwal, C.; Tian, Q.; Ji, Eds. 2011 ; Vol. 332, 93-109. Morrow, E. A. L. ; Conner-Garcia, T.; Neural Systems and Rehabilitation H.; Huang, T. S. , Exploring Context Graumlich, J. F.; Murray, M. D., The Engineering 2012 , 20, (1), 102-112. and Content Links in Social Media: Process-Knowledge Model of A Latent Space Method. IEEE Trans - Health Literacy: Evidence from a Mathur, S.; Poole, M. S.; Feniosky, P. actions on Pattern Analysis and Ma - Componential Analysis of Two M.; Hasegawa-Johnson, M. ; Con - chine Intelligence 2012 , 34, (5), Commonly Used Measures. Journal tractor, N., Detecting Interaction 850-862. of Health Communication 2011 , 16, Links in a Collaborating Group 222-241. Using Manually Annotated Data. Shosted, R. K. , An Articulatory- Social Networks 2012 , DOI: Aerodynamic Approach to Stop Ex - Erickson, K. I.; Voss, M. W.; Prakash, doi:10.1016/j.socnet.2012.04.002. crescence. Journal of Phonetics 2011 , R. S.; Basak, C.; Szabo, A.; Chad - 39, (4), 660-667. dock, L.; Kim, J. S.; Heo, S.; Alves, McDonagh, D. ; Formosa, D. Design - H.; White, S. M.; Wojcicki, T. R.; ing for Everyone, One Person at a Shu, X. B.; Gao, C. Y.; Ahuja, N. , Mailey, E.; Vieira, V. J.; Martin, S. A.; Time , 2011 , 91-100. Aperture Access and Manipulation Pence, B. D.; Woods, J. A.; McAuley, for Computational Imaging. Com - Min, D. B.; Lu, J. B.; Do, M. N. , E. ; Kramer, A. F. , Exercise Training puter Vision and Image Understand - Depth Video Enhancement Based Increases Size of Hippocampus and ing 2012 , 116, (2), 222-237. on Weighted Mode Filtering. IEEE Improves Memory. Proceedings of Transactions on Image Processing Smaragdis, P. ; Raj, B., The Markov the National Academy of Sciences of 2012 , 21, (3), 1176-1190. Selection Model for Concurrent the United States of America 2011 , Speech Recognition. Neurocomput - 108, (7), 3017-3022. 35 ing 2012 , 80, 64-72. • •

• INTIM Selected Faculty Awards, Patents, Grants, and Publications • • G Covering July 1, 20 11 – June 30, 2 012 Kenneth L. Watkin, Speech and Paul Carney , Rainer Hillenbrand, Rohit Bhargava , Jin Kwak and N I Hearing Science John Schotland and Jin Sun , Saurabh Sinha , “ Automated G INTEGRATIVE IMAGING Sheng Zhong, Bionengineering “Nanoscale Optical Tomography Prostate Tissue Referencing for A FACULTY Based on Volume-Scanning Near- Cancer Detection and Diagnosis,” M

I (name followed by home department) INTIM SELECTED HONORS AND Field Microscopy,” Patent issued July Patent filed January 18, 2012,

E AWARDS 12, 2011, Patent Number 7,978,343. Application Number 13/353,196.

V Bioacoustics Research I Stephen Boppart, Electrical and Stephen Boppart and Haohua Tu , Stephen Boppart , Vasilica Crecea

T Laboratory Computer Engineering “Compression of Polarized Super - and Jongsick Kim , “ Real-Time Bio - A William D. O’Brien, Electrical and

R • Hans Sigrist Prize, 2012, Interna - continuum Pulses Generated in mechanical Dosimetry using Optical Computer Engineering

G tional prize on selected topic of Birefringent All NOraml-Dispersion Coherence Elastography,” Patent Michael L. Oelze, Bioengineering E Diagnostic Laser Medicine Photonic Crystal Fiber,” Patent filed filed January 20, 2012, Application Douglas Simpson, Statistics T • Bliss Professorship of Engineering, July 15, 2011, Application Number Number 61/588,884. N

I 2011 13/184,025. Bioimaging Science and Stephen Boppart and Chuanwu Xi , Technology Michael Insana, Bioengineering Rohit Bhargava , F. Pounder and “Device and Method for Imaging Rohit Bhargava, Bioengineering • Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Rohith Reddy , “ Automated Detec - the Ear Using Optical Coherence Marni Boppart, Kinesiology and Electronics Engineers , 2011 tion of Breast Cancer Lesions in Tomography,” Patent issued Community Health Tissue,” Patent filed August 31, 2011, February 14, 2012, Patent Number Stephen Boppart, Electrical and Zhi-Pei Liang, Electrical and Application Number 13/222,623. 8,115,934. Computer Engineering Computer Engineering Scott Carney, Electrical and • Elected to the International Ling-Jian Meng , “Ionizing Radiation Huafeng Ding, Gabriel Popescu and Computer Engineering Academy for Medical and Sensor,” Patent issued September 13, Zhuo Wang , “ Scattering Parameters Jianjun Cheng, Materials Science Biological Engineering, 2012 2011, Patent Number 8,017,917. of Tissue from Quantitative Phase Imaging,” Patent filed March 2, 2012, and Engineering • Otto Schmitt Award, Interna - Rohit Bhargava , Anil Kodali and Application Number 61/606,149. Lynford Goddard, Electrical and tional Federation for Medical and Xavier Llora , “ Tailored Raman Spec - Computer Engineering Biological Engineering, 2012 troscopic Probes for Ultrasensitive Gabriel Popescu and Zhuo Wang, Princess Imoukhuede, Gabriel Popescu, Electrical and and Highly Multiplexed Assays,” “Spatial Light Interference Bioengineering Computer Engineering Patent filed October 20, 2011, Microscopy and Fourier Transform Michael Insana, Bioengineering • Fellow, Center for Advanced Application Number 13/277,674. Light Scattering for Cell and Tissue Jianming Jin, Electrical and Studies, 2012 Characterization,” Patent issued Computer Engineering Paul Carney and Brynmor Davis , • Finalist, Innovation Discovery May 22, 2012, Patent Number John Katzenellenbogen, Chemistry “Robust Determination of the Award, 2012 8,184,298. David Kuehn, Speech and Hearing Anisotropic Polarizability of Science Kenneth Suslick, Chemistry Nanoparticles Using Coherent Sevket Babacan, Minh Do, Gabriel Zhi-Pei Liang, Electrical and • Associate, UIUC Center for Confocal Microscopy,” Patent issued Popescu and Zhuo Wang, “Sparse Computer Engineering Advanced Study, 2012 October 25, 2011, Patent Number Deconvolution Spatial Light Ling J. Meng, Nuclear, Plasma, and 8,045,161. Microscopy in Two and Three Di - Radiological Engineering mensions,” Patent filed May 31, 2012, INTIM INVENTION DISCLOSURES Huafeng Ding, Gabriel Popescu and William C. Olivero, Surgery Application Number 61/653,460. Faculty members from the Integra - Zhuo Wang , “ Spatial Light Interfer - Gabriel Popescu, Electrical and tive Imaging research theme were ence Microscopy and Fourier Mingxing Ouyang and Yingxiao Computer Engineering inventors on 14 invention disclo - Transform Light Scattering for Cell Wang , “Detection of Specific Partha Ray, Surgery sures ( 6.3 % of the 223 invention and Tissue Characterization,” Patent Binding Reactions Using Magnetic Martin Starzewski, Mechanical disclosures filed by campus) during filed January 3, 2012, Application Labels,” Patent issued June 5, 2012, Science and Engineering FY20 12. Number 13/342,350. Patent Number 8,192,947. Kenneth S. Suslick, Chemistry Brad Sutton, Bioengineering Gabriel Popescu and Zhuo Wang , Kimani Toussaint, Mechanical INTIM SELECTED PATENTS AND “Spatial Light Interference Tomogra - INTIM GRANTS AWARDED Science and Engineering PATENT APPLICATIONS phy,” Patent filed January 3, 2012, ($2,392,638) Faculty members from the Integra - Amy J. Wagoner Johnson, Application Number 61/582,599. Brad Sutton , NIH, “Cognitive Mechanical Science and tive Imaging research theme were Paul Carney , Brynmor Davis, John Neuroscience of Aging and Culture,” Engineering inventors on the following nine Schotland and Jin Sun , “ Spectral 6/16/2011 – 12/31/2011, $26,349. Michelle Wang, Statistics patent applications (4.7% of the 192 Near-Field Optical Tomography,” Ning Wang, Mechanical Science patent applications filed by the Zhi-Pei Liang , NIH, “Faster Dy - Patent issued January 3, 2012, Patent and Engineering campus) and seven patents issued namic MRI with Sparse Sampling,” Number 8,089,630. John Wang, Surgery (9.2 % of the 76 patents issued to 7/1/2011 – 6/30/2015, $1,392,141. Yongmei Wang, Statistics campus) during FY20 12 (Beckman 36 Yingxiao Wang, Bioengineering Institute IntIm faculty members are listed in bold): Stephen Boppart and Woong Gyu Stem Cells,” 5/16/2012 – 5/15/2015, Ament, S. A.; Wang, Y.; Chen, C. C.; Bhaduri, B.; Pham, H.; Mir, M.; Jung , Samsung, “Imaging Depth $600,000. Blatti, C. A.; Hong, F.; Liang, Z. Z. S.; Popescu, G. , Diffraction Phase and Contrast Enhanced Endoscopic Negre, N.; White, K. P.; Rodriguez- Microscopy with White Light. Op - Brad Sutton and David Kuehn , Optical Coherence Tomography at Zas, S. L.; Mizzen, C. A.; Sinha, S.; tics Letters 2012 , 37, (6), 1094-1096. NIH/East Carolina University, “MRI 800nm,” 11/14/2011 – 11/13/2012, Zhong, S. ; Robinson, G. E. , The Analysis of the Valopharyngeal Bhargava, R. , Resolution in Mid- $105,547. Transcription Factor Ultraspiracle Mechanism Among Different Infrared Imaging: The Theory. Influences Honey Bee Social Behav - Rohit Bhargava , Dow AgroSciences, Populations,” 6/16/2012 – 5/31/2012, Spectroscopy 2012 , 27, (2), 74-74. ior and Behavior-Related Gene LLC, “Non-destructive Chemical $70,374. Expression. PLoS Genetics 2012 , 8, Borrelli, M. J.; O’Brien, W. D. ; Analysis of Whole Grain Compo - DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002596. Bernock, L. J.; Williams, H. R.; nents Using Transmission Raman INTIM SELECTED PUBLICATIONS Hamilton, E.; Wu, J. N.; Oelze, M. Spectroscopy: A Pilot Study,” Bae, Y.; Kuehn, D. P.; Sutton, B. P. ; L. ; Culp, W. C., Production of 12/1/2011-5/31/2012, $5,000. Abbey, C. K.; Nguyen, N. Q.; Insana, Conway, C. A.; Perry, J. L., Three- Uniformly Sized Serum Albumin and M. F. , Frequency, Bandwidth, and Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Brad Sutton , NIH/UTD, “Cognitive Dextrose Microbubbles. Ultrasonics Information Transfer in B-Mode Imaging of Velopharyngeal Struc - Neuroscience of Aging and Culture,” Sonochemistry 2012 , 19, (1), 198-208. Imaging. Proceedings of SPIE Medical tures. Journal of Speech Language 1/1/2012 – 5/15/2012, $18,943. Imaging: Ultrasonic Imaging, Tomog - and Hearing Research 2011 , 54, (6), Carey, J. R.; Suslick, K. S. ; Hulkower, Ryan Larsen, Brad Sutton , Zhi-Pei raphy, and Therapy 2012 , 8320, DOI: 1538-1545. K. I.; Imlay, J. A.; Imlay, K. R. C.; Ingi - Liang , Wenmiao Lu and Tracey 10.1117/12.912430. son, C. K.; Ponder, J. B.; Sen, A.; Wit - Benalcazar, W. A.; Boppart, S. A. , Wszalek, Abbott Laborites, “Probing trig, A. E., Rapid Identification of Adie, S. G.; Graf, B. W.; Ahmad, A.; Nonlinear Interferometric Vibra - the Effect of Brain Metabolism on Bacteria with a Disposable Colori - Carney, P. S. ; Boppart, S. A. , Com - tional Imaging for Fast Label-Free Cognitive Function,” 5/16/2012 – metric Sensor Array. Journal of the putational Adaptive Optics for Visualization of Molecular Domains 5/15/2013, $174,284. American Chemical Society 2011 , 133, Broadband Optical Interferometric in Skin. Analytical and Bioanalytical 7571-7576. Marni Boppart and Justin Rhodes , Tomography of Biological Tissue. Chemistry 2011 , 400, (9), 2817-2825. Abbott Laboratories, “Nutritional Proceedings of the National Academy Enhancement of Cognition through of Sciences of the United States of 37 America 2012 , 109, (19), 7175-7180. • •

• INTIM Selected Faculty Awards, Patents, Grants, and Publications • •

G Carney, P. S. ; Deutsch, B.; Agents from Nanoliposomes in Re - Mazzone, P. J.; Wang, X.-F.; Xu, Y.; Wang, H.; Olivero, W. ; Elkins, W., N I Govyadinov, A. A.; Hillenbrand, R., sponse to Diagnostic Ultrasound Mekhail, T.; Beukemann, M. C.; Na, Traumatic Brain Injury and Hy -

G Phase in Nanooptics. ACS Nano Energy Levels. Pharmaceutical Devel - J.; Kemling, J. W.; Suslick, K. S. ; pothermia. Journal of Neurosurgery A 2012 , 6, (1), 8-12. opment and Technology 2012 , 17, 383- Sasidhar, M., Exhaled Breath Analy - 2012 , 116, (5), 1159-1160. M

I 388. sis with a Colorimetric Sensor Array Chan, L. L.; George, S.; Ahmad, I.; Wang, Z.; Marks, D. L.; Carney, P.

E for the Identification and Character - Gosangari, S. L.; Abbasi, A.; Cun - Haldar, J. P.; Wang, Z.; Popescu, G. ; S. ; Millet, L. J.; Gillette, M. U.; Mihi, V ization of Lung Cancer. Journal of I ningham, B. T. ; Watkin, K. L. , Liang, Z. P. , Deconvolved Spatial A.; Braun, P. V. ; Shen, Z.; Prasanth,

T Thoracic Oncology 2012 , 7, 137-142. Cytotoxicity Effects of Amoora Light Interference Microscopy for S. G.; Popescu, G. , Spatial Light In - A Rohituka and Chittagonga on Live Cell Imaging. IEEE Transactions Mir, M.; Babacan, S. D.; Bednarz, M.; terference Tomography (Slit). Optics R

G Breast and Pancreatic Cancer on Biomedical Engineering 2011 , 58, Do, M. N. ; Golding, I.; Popescu, G. , Express 2011 , 19, (21), 19907-19918.

E Cells. Evidence-Based Complemen - (9), 2489-2497. Visualizing Escherichia Coli Sub-Cel -

T Yao, J. M.; Le, A. P.; Schulmerich, M. tary and Alternative Medicine 2011 lular Structure Using Sparse Decon -

N John, R.; Nguyen, F. T.; Kolbeck, K. J.; V.; Maria, J.; Lee, T. W.; Gray, S. K.;

I (Article ID 860605), 8 pages. volution Spatial Light Interference Chaney, E. J.; Marjanovic, M.; Sus - Bhargava, R. ; Rogers, J. A. ; Nuzzo, Microscopy. PLoS One 2012 , 7, (6), Chanda, D.; Shigeta, K.; Truong, lick, K. S. ; Boppart, S. A. , Targeted R. G., Soft Embossing of Nanoscale e38916. T.; Lui, E.; Mihi, A.; Schulmerich, Multifunctional Multimodal Protein- Optical and Plasmonic Structures in M.; Braun, P. V. ; Bhargava, R. ; Shell Microspheres as Cancer Imag - Mir, M.; Wang, Z.; Shen, Z.; Bed - Glass. ACS Nano 2011 , 5, (7), 5763- Rogers, J. A. , Coupling of Plas - ing Contrast Agents. Molecular narz, M.; Bashir, R. ; Golding, I.; 5774. monic and Optical Cavity Modes Imaging and Biology 2012 , 14, (1), 17- Prasanth, S. G.; Popescu, G. , Optical Zhao, Y. B.; Graf, B. W.; Chaney, E. in Quasi-Three-Dimensional Plas - 24. Measurement of Cycle-Dependent J.; Mahmassani, Z.; Antoniadou, E.; monic Crystals. Nature Communi - Cell Growth. Proceedings of the Na - Johnson, C. A.; Miller, R. J.; O’Brien, DeVolder, R.; Kong, H.; Boppart, M. cations 2011 , 2, DOI: tional Academy of Sciences of the W. D. , Ultrasound Contrast Agents D. ; Boppart, S. A. , Integrated Multi - 10.1038/ncomms1487. United States of America 2011 , 108, Affect the Angiogenic Response. modal Optical Microscopy for Struc - (32), 13124-13129. Chen, Y.; Sutton, B. ; Conway, C.; Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine tural and Functional Imaging of Broglio, S. P.; Ostoja-Starzewski, 2011 , 30, (7), 933-941. Norato, J. A.; Johnson, A. J. W. , A Engineered and Natural Skin. Journal M. , Brain Deformation under Mild Computational and Cellular Solids of Biophotonics 2012 , 5, (5-6), 437- Johnson, C. L.; Chen, D. D.; Olivero, Impact: Magnetic Resonance Im - Approach to the Stiffness-Based 448. W. C. ; Sutton, B. P. ; Georgiadis, J. aging-Based Assessment and Fi - Design of Bone Scaffolds. Journal of G. , Effect of Off-Frequency Sam - nite Element Study. International Biomechanical Engineering-Transac - pling in Magnetic Resonance Elas - Journal of Numerical Analysis and tions of the ASME 2011 , 133, DOI: tography. Magnetic Resonance Modeling Series B 2012 , 3, (1), 20-35. 10.1115/1.4004994. Imaging 2012 , 30, (2), 205-212. Cheng, O. Y.; Sutton, B. P. , Local - Pham, H.; Ding, H. F.; Sobh, N.; Do, Kong, R.; Bhargava, R. , Characteri - ized Blood Flow Imaging Using M. ; Patel, S.; Popescu, G. , Off-Axis zation of Porcine Skin as a Model for Quantitative Flow-Enhanced Sig - Quantitative Phase Imaging Pro - Human Skin Studies Using Infrared nal Intensity. Magnetic Resonance cessing Using Cuda: Toward Real- Spectroscopic Imaging. Analyst 2011 , in Medicine 2012 , 67, (3), 660-668. Time Applications. Biomedical Optics 136, (11), 2359-2366. Express 2011 , 2, (7), 1781-1793. Choo, A. L.; Kraft, S. J.; Olivero, Kwon, B.; Wang, C.; Park, K.; Bhar - W. ; Ambrose, N. G.; Sharma, H.; Rivas-Astroza, M.; Xie, D.; Cao, X. gava, R. ; King, W. P. , Thermome - Chang, S. E.; Loucks, T. M. , Cor - Y.; Zhong, S. , Mapping Personal chanical Sensitivity of pus Callosum Differences Associ - Functional Data to Personal Microcantilevers in the Mid-Infrared ated with Persistent Stuttering in Genomes. Bioinformatics 2011 , 27, Spectral Region. Nanoscale and Mi - Adults. Journal of Communication (24), 3427-3429. croscale Thermophysical Engineering Disorders 2011 , 44, (4), 470-477. 2011 , 15, (1), 16-27. Valero, M. C.; Huntsman, H. D.; Liu, Demmie, P. N.; Ostoja- J. M.; Zou, K.; Boppart, M. D. , Ec - Mahr, D. M.; Bhargava, R. ; Insana, Starzewski, M. , Waves in Fractal centric Exercise Facilitates Mes - M. F. , Three-Dimensional in Silico Media. Journal of Elasticity 2011 , enchymal Stem Cell Appearance in Breast Phantoms for Multimodal 104, (1-2), 187-204. Skeletal Muscle. PLoS One 2012 , 7, Image Simulations. IEEE Transac - DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029760. Gosangari, S. L.; Watkin, K. L. , tions on Medical Imaging 2012 , 31, (3), Enhanced Release of Anticancer 689-697.

38 M&ENS Selected Faculty Awards, Patents, Grants, and Publications

M&ENS FACULTY Nanoelectronics and Nanomaterials Eric Pop M&ENS SELECTED PATENTS (name followed by home department) Ilesanmi Adesida, Electrical and • Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, AND PATENT APPLICATIONS Computer Engineering 2011 Faculty members from the Molecu - 3D Micro- and Nanosystems Aleksei Aksimentiev, Physics • Outstanding Presentation Award, lar and Electronic Nanostructures Rashid Bashir, Electrical and Com - Alexey Bezryadin, Physics E\PCOS Symposium, 2011 research theme were inventors on puter Engineering Matthew Gilbert, Electrical and • Best Paper in Session Award, SRC the following 12 patent applications Paul V. Braun, Materials Science Computer Engineering TechCon (shared with graduate (6.3% of the 192 patent applications and Engineering Gregory Girolami, Chemistry student Feng Xiong), 2011 filed by the campus) and 21 patents Aditi Das, Comparative Biosciences Martin Gruebele, Chemistry issued ( 27.6 % of the 76 patents is - Iwona Jasiuk Steve Granick, Materials Science Jean-Pierre Leburton, Electrical and sued to campus) during FY20 12 • Fellow , Society of Engineering Sci - and Engineering Computer Engineering (Beckman Institute M&ENS faculty ence , 2012 Iwona M. Jasiuk, Mechanical Xiuling Li, Electrical and Computer members are listed in bold): Science and Engineering Engineering Paul Kenis Paul J. Kenis, Chemical and Joseph W. Lyding, Electrical and • University Scholar, University of Illi - Jong-Hyun Ahn, Alfred Baca, Heung Biomolecular Engineering Computer Engineering nois President’s Office, 2011 Cho Ko, Matthew Meitl, Etienne William P. King, Mechanical Nancy Makri, Chemistry Menard, Michael Motala, Ralph Science and Engineering Margery Osborne, Curriculum and William King Nuzzo, Sang Park II, John Rogers , Deborah E. Leckband, Chemistry Instruction • Society of Manufacturing Engi - Mark Stoykovich, Jongseung Yoon Yi Lu, Chemistry Eric Pop, Electrical and Computer En - neers, “Innovations that will and Chang-Jae Yu , “ Optical Systems John A. Rogers, Materials Science gineering Change Manufacturing,” 2011 Fabricated by Printing-Based As - and Engineering Angus Rockett, Materials Science and Yi Lu, Chemistry sembly,” Patent issued July 5, 2011, Mark A. Shannon, Mechanical Engineering • Innovation Discovery Award, Patent Number 7,972,875. Science and Engineering Moonsub Shim, Materials Science Champaign County, IL, 2012 Stephen G. Sligar, Biochemistry and Engineering Paul Kenis , Sarah Perry, Griffin Pierre Wiltzius, Materials Science Min-Feng Yu, Mechanical Science and John Rogers Roberts and Joshua Tice , “ Microflu - and Engineering Engineering • Selected to Receive the Engineer - idic Device for Preparing Mixtures,” ing Council Award for Excellence in Patent issued July 12, 2011, Patent Autonomous Materials Systems Theoretical and Computational Advising at University of Illinois, Number 7,976,789. Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Ioannis Chasiotis, Aerospace Biophysics John Rogers , Feng Hua and Anne • Wulff Lecturership, Massachusetts Engineering Laxmikant V. Kale, Computer Science Shim , “ Nano-molding Process,” Institute of Technology, 2012 Philippe H. Geubelle, Aerospace Zan Luthey-Schulten, Chemistry Patent issued July 12, 2011, Patent • Selected by Nature as one of the Engineering Klaus J. Schulten, Physics Number 7,976,748. Jennifer A. Lewis, Materials Science John Stack, Physics top 10 scientists who mattered in and Engineering Emadeddin Tajkhorshid, Biochemistry 2011 Dahl-Young Khang, Keon Jae Lee, Jeffrey S. Moore, Chemistry • Nyquist Distinguished Lecturer, Matthew Meitl, Etienne Menard, Nancy R. Sottos, Materials Science M&ENS SELECTED HONORS Department of Electrical & Com - Ralph Nuzzo, John Rogers , Yugang and Engineering AND AWARDS puter Engineering, Yale University, Sun and Zhengtao Zhu , “ Methods Scott R. White, Aerospace 2012 and Devices for Fabricating and As - Engineering Ioannis Chasiotis • ASU Distinguished Scholar and sembling Printable Semiconductor • ASME Thomas J.R. Hughes Young Lecturer, Arizona State University, Elements,” Patent issued July 19, Computational Multiscale Investigator Award , 2011 2011 2011, Patent Number 7,982,296. Nanosystems • Hetenyi Best Paper Award by the • Judd Distinguished Lecturer, De - Narayana R. Aluru, Mechanical Society for Experimental Me - partment of Electrical & Computer Yi Lu and Yu Xiang , “ Detection and Science and Engineering chanics , 2012 Engineering, University of Utah, Quantification of Analytes,” Patent 2011 filed July 22, 2011, Application Num - Andreas Cangellaris, Electrical and Nancy Sottos Computer and Engineering ber 61/510,578. • Fellow, Society of Experimental Klaus Schulten John G. Georgiadis, Mechanical Mechanics, 2012 • Fellow, Biophysical Society, 2011 Nicholas Fang , Placid Ferreira, Keng Science and Engineering Hao Hsu, Kyle Jacobs, Anil Kumar Eric Jakobsson, Molecular and Andreas Cangellaris M&ENS INVENTION and Peter Schultz, “Direct Integrative Pysiology • IEEE Microwave Theory and Nanoscale Patterning of Metals Harley T. Johnson, Mechanical Techniques Society Distinguished DISCLOSURES Faculty members from the Molecular Using Polymer Electrolytes,” Patent Science and Engineering Educator Award, 2012 Issued August 16, 2011, Patent Num - Olgica Milenkovic, Electrical and and Electronic Nanostructures re - Joseph Lyding ber 7,998,330. Computer Engineering search theme were inventors on 28 in - • Fellow, IEEE, 2011 Christopher V. Rao, Chemical and vention disclosures ( 12.6 % of the 223 invention disclosures filed by campus) Biomolecular Engineering Paul Braun during FY20 12. Umberto Ravaioli, Electrical and • Ivan Racheff Professorship, 39 Computer Engineering University of Illinois • • • • • S E Apratim Dhar, Simon Ebbinghaus, R

U Martin Gruebele and Douglas

T McDonald , “ Particle Dynamics

C Microscopy Using Temperature

U Jump and Probe Anticorrelation/

R Correlation Techniques,” Patent T filed August 16, 2011, Application S Number 13/2510,942. O

N Paul Kenis, Yi Lu , Zidong Wang, A Ngo Wong and Jieqian Zhang , N “Nucleic Acid-Mediated Shape

C Control of Nanoparticles for Bio - I medical Applications,” Patent filed N September 29, 2011, Application O Number 13/249,070. R

T Dahl-Young Khang, Cho Heung C

E Ko, Keon Jae Lee, Shawn Mack,

L Matthew Meitl, Etienne Menard, E Ralph Nuzzo, John Rogers , Yu -

D gang Sun and Zhengtao Zhu ,

N “Printable Semiconductor Struc -

A tures and Related Methods of

R Making and Assembling,” Patent

A filed October 11, 2011, Application L Number 13/270,954. U

C Dahl-Young Khang, Heung Cho E Ko, Keon Jae Lee, Shawn Mack, L Matthew Meitl, Etienne Menard, O Ralph Nuzzo, John Rogers , Yu - M gang Sun and Zhengtao Zhu , “Printable Semiconductor Struc - tures and Related Methods of Making and Assembling,” Patent issued October 18, 2011, Patent Number 8,039,847.

Yi Lu , “ Fluorescence Based Biosensor,” Patent issued October 25, 2011, Patent Number 8,043,802.

Joseph Lyding and Scott Schmucker, “Nanometer-Scale Sharpening of Conductor Tips,” Patent filed November 9, 2011, Application Number 13/292,714.

Jack Chen, Jonathan Engel and Chang Liu , “ Artificial Lateral Line,” Patent issued November 15, 2011, Patent Number 8,056,419.

Juewen Liu and Yi Lu , “ Aptamer- and Nucleic Acid Enzyme-Based Systems for Simultaneous Detec - 40 tion of Multiple Analytes,” Patent issued November 15, 2011, Patent Number 8,058,415. Jung Lee, Yi Lu and Zidong Wang , John Rogers , “ Controlled Buckling M&ENS SELECTED GRANTS M&ENS SELECTED “Fluorescent Sensor for Mercury,” Structures in Semiconductor Inter - AWARDED PUBLICATIONS Patent issued November 22, 2011, connects and Nanomembranes for ($6,723,046) Afshar, M.; Sadewasser, S.; Albert, J.; Patent Number 8,062,893. Stretchable Electronics,” Patent filed Klaus Schulten , Wen-Mei Hwu and Lehmann, S.; Abou-Ras, D.; Marron, April 6, 2012, Application Number Laxmikant Kale , NIH, “Commodity D. F.; Rockett, A. A. ; Rasanen, E.; Joseph Lyding and Scott 13/441,598. Schmucker , “ Nanometer-Scale Hardware Acceleration of Popular Lux-Steiner, M. C., Chalcopyrite Sharpening of Conductor Tips,” Ling Zang, Jeffrey Moore , Tammene Modeling Software for Structural Bi - Semiconductors for Quantum Well Patent issued December 6, 2011, Naddo and Wei Zhang , “ Flourescent ology, Cell Biology, and Bio-nan - Solar Cells. Advanced Energy Materi - Patent Number 8,070,920. Organic Nanofibrils Based on Ary - otechnology,” 7/15/2011 – 4/30/2015, als 2011 , 1, (6), 1109-1115. lene-Ethylene Macrocycles as Sen - $1,166,791. Ambekar, R.; Chittenden, M.; Jasiuk, Yi Lu and Zidong Wang , “ Nucleic sory Materials for Explosives Narayana Aluru , NSF, “QMHP:Mul - I. ; Toussaint, K. C. , Quantitative Acid “Genetic Codes” for Abiologi - Detection,” Patent issued April 10, tiscale Analysis of Coupled Electrical Second-Harmonic Generation Mi - cal Metal Nanostructural Morpholo - 2012, Patent Number 8,153,065. gies,” Patent filed December 16, Mechanical Systems at Nanoscale,” croscopy for Imaging Porcine Corti - 2011, Application Number Yi Lu and Yu Xiang , “ Personal Glu - 8/15/2011 – 7/31/2014, $352,842. cal Bone: Comparison to SEM and 61/576,867. cose Meters for Detection and Its Potential to Investigate Age-Re - Klaus Schulten and James Quantification of a Broad Range of lated Changes. Bone 2012 , 50, (3), Gumbart , NIH, “Mechanisms of Daniel Therriault, Jennifer Lewis Analytes,” Application filed April 12, 643-650. Membrane Proteins Through In Situ and Scott White , “ Microcapillary 2012, Application Number Modeling,” 9/1/2011 – 6/30/2015, Andreasson-Ochsner, M.; Romano, Networks,” Patent issued January 24, 13/445,635. 2012, Patent Number 8,101,139. $1,146,668. G.; Hakanson, M.; Smith, M. L.; Winston Chern, Ik Su Chun, Leckband, D. E. ; Textor, M.; Eric Jakobsson , NIH, “Genetically Navneet Kumar, Angel Yanguas-Gil, Nicholas Fang , Placid Ferreira, Keng Reimhult, E., Single Cell 3-D Plat - Specific Therapy Against Pathogenic Gregory Girolami and John Abelson , Hao Hsu and Xiuling Li , “ Method of form to Study Ligand Mobility in Bacteria,” 9/1/2011 – 6/30/2015, “Surface Preparation for Thin Film Forming an Array of High Aspect Cell-Cell Contact. Lab on a Chip $1,248,411. Growth by Enhanced Nucleation,” Ratio Semiconductor Nanostruc - 2011 , 11, (17), 2876-2883. Patent issued February 7, 2012, tures,” Patent filed April 20, 2012, Narayan Aluru , DOD-CERL, “Fun - Arpin, K. A.; Pikul, J. H.; King, W. P. ; Patent Number 8,110,503. Application Number 13/503,123. damental Physics of Mass Transport Fan, H. Y.; Braun, P. V. , Template Di - Through Nanoscale Channels,” Bryce Ching, Luisa Ciobanu and Dewain Garner, Hee-Jung Hwang, rected Assembly of Dynamic Micel - 12/1/2011 – 9/30/2014, $137,620. Brad Sutton , “System and Method Yi Lu and Nathan Sieracki, “Temper - lar Nanoparticles. Soft Matter 2011 , for Providing Flow-Enhanced Signal ature Resistant pH (TIP) Buffers for Jeffrey Moore , American Chemical 7, (21), 10252-10257. Intensity During a Functional MRI Use at Low Temperatures,” Patent Society, “Associate Editor of the Baginska, M.; Blaiszik, B. J.; Merri - Process,” Patent issued February 21, issued May 22, 2012, Patent Number American Chemical Society,” man, R. J.; Sottos, N. R. ; Moore, J. 2012, Patent Number 8,121,668. 8,183,046. 1/1/2012 – 12/31/2013, $161,821. S. ; White, S. R. , Autonomic Shut - Richard Masel, Zheng Ni and Mark Maria Gracheva, Jean-Pierre Lebur - Scott White , DOD/Army, “US-Eu - down of Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Shannon , “ High Gain Selective ton , Gregory Timp and Julien Vidal, rope Workshop on Structural Re - Thermoresponsive Microspheres. Metal Organic Framework Precon - “Solid State Device,” Patent issued generation and Remodeling,” Advanced Energy Materials 2012 , 2, centrators,” Patent issued February June 5, 2012, Patent Number 6/1/2012 – 11/30/2012, $52,008. (5), 583-590. 28, 2012, Patent Number 8,123,834. 8,192,600. Jean-Pierre Leburton , Oleksii Aksi - Blaiszik, B. J.; Kramer, S. L. B.; Grady, Richard Masel, Adarsh Radadia and Dae-Hyeong Kim and John Rogers , mentiev and Rashid Bashir , Oxford M. E.; McIlroy, D. A.; Moore, J. S. ; Mark Shannon , “ Column Design for “Flexible and Stretchable Electronic Nanopore Technology, “Multi-Layer Sottos, N. R. ; White, S. R. , Auto - Micro Gas Chromatograph,” Patent Systems for Epidermal Electronics,” Solid State Membranes with nomic Restoration of Electrical Con - issued February 28, 2012, Patent Patent filed June 8, 2012, Application Nanochannels for Bio-Molecule Ma - ductivity. Advanced Materials 2012 , Number 8,123,841. Number 13/492,636. nipulation and Sensing,” 6/26/2012 – 24, (3), 398-+. 6/25/2013, $256,885. Maria Gracheva, Jean-Pierre Lebur - Gil De Aquino Farias, Jeanlex De Chanda, D.; Shigeta, K.; Gupta, S.; ton , Gregory Timp and Julien Vidal , Sousa, Valder Freire and Jean-Pierre Paul Braun , DOD-DTRA, “Surface Cain, T.; Carlson, A.; Mihi, A.; Baca, “Solid State Device,” Patent filed Leburton , “Memory Device,” Patent Directed Molecular Transport, Sepa - A. J.; Bogart, G. R.; Braun, P. ; March 22, 2012, Application Number issued June 12, 2012, Patent Number ration, and Concentration,” Rogers, J. A. , Large-Area Flexible 3D 13/427,442. 8,199,580. 7/1/2012-6/30/2017, $2,200,000. Optical Negative Index Metamater - ial Formed by Nanotransfer Printing. John Rogers , “ A Stretchable Form of Yi Lu and Jing Li, “Nucleic Acid En - Nature Nanotechnology 2011 , 6, (7), Single Crystal Silicon for High Per - zyme Biosensors for Ions,” Patent is - 402-407. formance Electronics on Rubber sued June 26, 2012, Patent Number Substrates,” Patent filed April 6, 8,206,915. 2012, Application Number 41 13/441,618. • •

• M&ENS Selected Faculty Awards, Patents, Grants, and Publications • • S

E Chanda, D.; Shigeta, K.; Truong, Giusi, G.; Iannaccone, G.; Crupi, F.; Kim, S.; Su, Y.; Mihi, A.; Lee, S.; Liu, Tajkhorshid, E. ; Evans, R. W.; Gor - R T.; Lui, E.; Mihi, A.; Schulmerich, Ravaioli, U. , A Backscattering Z.; Bhandakkar, T. K.; Wu, J.; Ged - ringe, A. R.; Mason, A. B.; Steven, A. U

T M.; Braun, P. V. ; Bhargava, R. ; Model Incorporating the Effective des, J. B.; Johnson, H. T. ; Zhang, Y. C.; Buchanan, S. K., Structural Basis

C Rogers, J. A. , Coupling of Plas - Carrier Temperature in Nano-Mos - W.; Park, J. K.; Braun, P. V. ; Huang, for Iron Piracy by Pathogenic Neis -

U monic and Optical Cavity Modes fet. IEEE Electron Device Letters Y. G.; Rogers, J. A. , Imbricate Scales seria. Nature 2012 , 483, (7387), 53-

R in Quasi-Three-Dimensional 2011 , 32, (7), 853-855. as a Design Construct for Microsys - U92.

T Plasmonic Crystals. Nature tem Technologies. Small 2012 , 8, (6), S Communications 2011 , 2, DOI: Hamed, E.; Jasiuk, I. , Elastic Model - 901-906. Odom, S. A.; Chayanupatkul, S.; O 10.1038/ncomms1487. ing of Bone at Nanostructural Level. Blaiszik, B. J.; Zhao, O.; Jackson, A. N Materials Science and Engineering R Kwon, B.; Schulmerich, M. V.; Elgass, C.; Braun, P. V. ; Sottos, N. R. ; A Comer, J. R.; Wells, D. B.; Aksi - 2012 , 73, (3-4), 27-49. L. J.; Kong, R.; Holton, S. E.; Bhar - White, S. R. ; Moore, J. S. , A Self- N mentiev, A. , Modeling Nanopores gava, R. ; King, W. P. , Infrared Mi - Healing Conductive Ink. Advanced

C for Sequencing DNA, In DNA Hamilton, A. R.; Sottos, N. R. ; crospectroscopy Combined with Materials 2012 , 24, (19), 2578-2581. I Nanotechnology: Methods and White, S. R. , Pressurized Vascular Conventional Atomic Force Mi - N Protocols ; Zuccheri, G., Samori, B., Systems for Self- Healing Materials. croscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2012 , 116, Olbrich, C.; Strumpfer, J.; Schulten, O Eds. 2011 ; Vol. 749, 317-358. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 56-61. K. ; Kleinekathofer, U., Theory and R 2012 , 9, (70), 1020-1028. Simulation of the Environmental Ef - T Daly, S. R.; Kim, D. Y.; Girolami, Leckband, D. E. , Novel Functions fects on Fmo Electronic Transitions. C G. S. , Lanthanide N,N-Dimethy - He, K. T.; Wood, J. D.; Doidge, G. P.; and Binding Mechanisms of Carbo - Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters E

L laminodiboranates as a New Class Pop, E. ; Lyding, J. W. , Scanning Tun - hydrate-Binding Proteins Deter - 2011 , 2, (14), 1771-1776. E of Highly Volatile Chemical Vapor neling Microscopy Study and mined by Force Measurements. Ong, Z. Y.; Pop, E. , Effect of Sub - D Deposition Precursors. Inorganic Nanomanipulation of Graphene- Current Protein & Peptide Science strate Modes on Thermal Transport N Chemistry 2012 , 51, 7050. Coated Water on Mica. Nano Letters 2011 , 12, (8), 743-759. in Supported Graphene. Physical Re - A 2012 , 12, 2665. Dellabetta, B.; Hughes, T. L.; Li, Y. H.; Rata, I.; Jakobsson, E. , view B 2011 , 84, (7), 075471. R Gilbert, M. J. ; Lev, B. L., Imaging He, Y.; Lu, Y. , Metal-Ion-Dependent Sampling Multiple Scoring Functions A Rogers, J. A. ; Lagally, M. G.; Nuzzo, L Topologically Protected Transport Folding of a Uranyl-Specific Can Improve Protein Loop Structure R. G., Synthesis, Assembly and Ap - U with Quantum Degenerate Gases. Dnazyme: Insight into Function Prediction Accuracy. Journal of plications of Semiconductor C Physical Review B 2012 , 85, DOI: from Fluorescence Resonance En - Chemical Information and Modeling E 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.205442. ergy Transfer Studies. Chemistry - A 2011 , 51, (7), 1656-1666. Nanomembranes. Nature 2011 , 477, L European Journal 2011 , 17, 13732- (7362), 45-53. O Dhar, A.; Gruebele, M. , Fast 13742. Naughton, M. S.; Moradia, A. A.; Salehi-Khojin, A.; Estrada, D.; Lin, K. M Relaxation Imaging in Living Kenis, P. J. A. , Quantitative Analysis Y.; Ran, K.; Haasch, R. T.; Zuo, J. M.; Cells. Current Protocols in Jing, Y. H.; Aluru, N. R. , Atomistic of Single-Electrode Plots to Under - Protein Science 2011 , 28, DOI: Simulations on the Mechanical Pop, E. ; Masel, R. I., Chemical Sen - stand in-Situ Behavior of Individual sors Based on Randomly Stacked 10.1002/0471140864.ps2801s65. Properties of a Silicon Nanofilm Electrodes. Journal of the Electro - Covered with Graphene. Computa - Graphene Flakes. Applied Physics Diamantis, D. J.; Georgiadis, J. G. ; chemical Society 2012 , 159, (6), B761- Letters 2012 , 100, (3), 033111. tional Materials Science 2011 , 50, (10), B769. Goussis, D. A., Two-Phase Model - 3063-3066. ing of Heat and Mass Transfer in Sun, L.; Karanjgaokar, N.; Sun, K.; Nelson, E. C.; Dias, N. L.; Bassett, K. Chasiotis, I. ; Carter, W. C.; Dillon, Packed Bed Absorbers: Implica - Khalili-Araghi, F.; Tajkhorshid, E. ; P.; Dunham, S. N.; Verma, V.; tions for Process Design. Journal Roux, B.; Schulten, K. , Molecular S., High-Strength All-Solid Lithium Miyake, M.; Wiltzius, P. ; Rogers, J. Ion Electrodes Based on Li ti O . of Porous Media 2012 , 15, (5), 459- Dynamics Investigation of the A. ; Coleman, J. J.; Li, X. L.; Braun, P. 4 5 12 473. Omega-Current in the Kv1.2 Voltage Journal of Power Sources 2011 , 196, V. , Epitaxial Growth of Three-Di - (15), 6507-6511. Sensor Domains. Biophysical Journal mensionally Architectured Opto - Farimani, A. B.; Aluru, N. R. , Spa - 2012 , 102, (2), 258-267. tial Diffusion of Water in Carbon electronic Devices. Nature Materials Wang, Z.; Marks, D. L.; Carney, P. Nanotubes: From Fickian to Bal - Kim, D. H.; Lu, N. S.; Ma, R.; Kim, Y. 2011 , 10, (9), 676-681. S. ; Millet, L. J.; Gillette, M. U.; Mihi, A.; Braun, P. V. ; Shen, Z.; Prasanth, listic Motion. Journal of Physical S.; Kim, R. H.; Wang, S. D.; Wu, J.; Ni, C. J.; Aksamija, Z.; Murthy, J. Y.; Chemistry B 2011 , 115, (42), 12145- Won, S. M.; Tao, H.; Islam, A.; Yu, K. S. G.; Popescu, G. , Spatial Light In - Ravaioli, U. , Coupled Electro-Ther - terference Tomography (Slit). Optics 12149. J.; Kim, T. I.; Chowdhury, R.; Ying, mal Simulation of Mosfets. Journal M.; Xu, L. Z.; Li, M.; Chung, H. J.; Express 2011 , 19, (21), 19907-19918. Girdhar, A.; Leburton, J. P. , Soft of Computational Electronics 2012 , 11, Keum, H.; McCormick, M.; Liu, P.; (1), 93-105. Xiang, Y.; Lu, Y. , Using Personal Glu - Carrier Multiplication by Hot Zhang, Y. W.; Omenetto, F. G.; Electrons in Graphene. Applied cose Meters and Functional DNA Huang, Y. G.; Coleman, T.; Rogers, Noinaj, N.; Easley, N. C.; Oke, M.; Sensors to Quantify a Variety of An - Physics Letters 2011 , 99, DOI: J. A. , Epidermal Electronics. Science Mizuno, N.; Gumbart, J.; Boura, E.; 10.1063/1.3615286. alytical Targets. Nature Chemistry 2011 , 333, (6044), 838-843. Steere, A. N.; Zak, O.; Aisen, P.; 2011 , 3, 673-703. 42 Educational Outreach and Scholarships • • • •

The Beckman Institute is dedi - One of the traditional and always cated to interdisciplinary research, popular ways to share Beckman re - with breakthrough discoveries in search is through open house events. basic science, as well as translational The biennial Beckman Institute Open outcomes that have an impact on House will be held in March of 2013. people through applications such as The 2011 event featured the largest biomedical devices and research that number of exhibits ever for a points the way to maintaining health Beckman Open House, with more throughout the lifespan. than 8,000 visitors taking part in the Beckman’s commitment to the fun and learning. broader community in which this work Also, this past year Beckman takes place is demonstrated by the played host to the Cognitive Institute’s many educational programs, Science and Cognitive Neuroscience seminars, and scholarship programs Research Expo that gave participants for aiding young scientists. a chance to learn about different labs Over the years more than 5,000 and research activities in cognitive young researchers have benefitted science and cognitive neuroscience. from working at Beckman, and have Fourteen Beckman researchers, in - contributed greatly to its success. cluding faculty members, Beckman There are currently more than 800 Fellows, and graduate students gave students and postdoctoral researchers talks at the Expo on topics ranging working at the Institute, performing from speech processing to visual much of the day-to-day work that attention. leads to great science. There are five The Beckman Institute also c scholarship funds set up at Beckman ontinues to be involved in the Osher to support these young Lifelong Learning Institute's Citizen scientists in all facets of research. Scientists program. This promising Many of these students, as well as program works with older adults and those from campus and across the places them in campus research labo - country, attend seminars and summer ratories at the Beckman Institute and school programs at Beckman that help other locations across campus. promote and advance research in a Beckman’s educational outreach wide variety of areas. Some of these program Bugscope, operated by include the annual Imaging at Illinois the Imaging Technology Group’s conference, the Cancer Community at Microscopy Suite, is now in its 13th Illinois symposium, and the annual year of bringing science into class - Biophotonics Summer School. rooms worldwide in a unique and Speaker series and seminars, memorable way. Bugscope gives including the Director’s Seminar Series remote control of an electron at Beckman, have shone a spotlight on microscope via the Internet to research and researchers at the Insti - students from around the world, tute and will again this coming year. reaching more than 250 classrooms In addition, the Social Dimensions of since it was started in March Environmental Policy strategic initia - of 1999 with a grant from the tive has played host to a speaker series National Science Foundation. at Beckman featuring some of the This past year, Bugscope had a world’s top scientists and thinkers on first with a session with the American topics involving the complex Embassy school in Colombo, Sri relationships between human Lanka. societies and the environment, and 43 issues such as climate change. 21 •

• FACILITIES • • • • •

• Biomedical Imaging Center • R E T N E

C Beckman Fellow Kyle Mathewson uses the

G frequency-domain diffusive optical imaging N

I (DOT) system and other BIC modalities and

G techniques in order to better understand A what goes on in the brain when we miss M

I seeing things that are right before our eyes.

L Mathewson uses the DOT system in BIC’s A Diffuse Optical Imaging Laboratory for C I functional optical imaging . D E M O I B

After moving into a new home, incredible job of meeting the need seeing the addition of new staff, and that existed but I think the new an expansion of its capabilities into staff is allowing us to discover new multiple modalities, the Biomedical needs.” Imaging Center (BIC) has the pieces That means BIC will still serve and people in place for even greater users such as neuroscience re - research opportunities. The growth searchers using functional MRI to and changes over the past two years study the brain in action, but it will have transformed BIC from a cam - also take advantage of newer imag - pus facility with state-of-the-art ing modalities and greater research magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) opportunities. capabilities into a comprehensive “We will still take all comers but center that now includes advanced I think that within each modality we optical, ultrasound, and molecular will start to focus in on what can imaging modalities. The multiple that modality do that is unique and modalities and larger staff of scien - still have practical applications,” tists mean BIC is expanding into Wszalek said. “In the coming year new research areas and imaging a we will be focusing on identifying wider variety of samples, sometimes and developing those opportunities using newly-developed techniques. in an effort to generate new imag - “What the staff has allowed us ing tools and applications.” to do is to be even more forward thinking,” said BIC Director Tracey A mannequin is fitted with the Wszalek . “I think we’ve done an Frequency-domain Diffusive Optical System in the DOIL lab. 44 Biomedical Imaging Center capabilities

Biomedical Imaging Center staff (left to right): Holly Tracy, Nancy Dodge, Ryan Magnetic Resonance Imaging Laboratory (MRIL) Larsen, Rochelle Yambert, Boris Odintsov, Tracey Wszalek (Director), Wenmiao Lu, • 600 MHz Varian NMR System Iwona Dobrucka, Emily Hartman, Wawrzyniec Dobrucki, Edward Maclin. Used for micro-imaging and spectroscopic measurements, such as high res - The array of imaging modali - how imaging can be applied to olution imaging of very small samples, including biological tissue, as ties includes four separate labora - answer questions in that area. ” well as liquid and non-living samples . tories. The Magnetic Resonance The quartet of labs at BIC • MAGNETOM Allegra 3T MRI Headscanner Imaging Laboratory (MRIL) in - are already playing host to a wider Primarily used for cognitive studies; also includes capabilities for animal cludes BIC’s three magnets—the variety of research topics than ever scanning, including scans for clinical analyses. • MAGNETOM Trio Whole-body 3T MRI Scanner whole-body 3T MAGNETOM Trio before. For example, Matthew This magnet is a workhorse for many cognitive and human clinical research MRI scanner, the 14T ( 600) MHz Dye is leading a team using DOIL studies, as well as being used in animal studies, clinical care scans for animal Varian NMR system , and the 3T to study visual processing in nor - patients, and imaging many other types of samples. Allegra headscanner. That lab is mal and profoundly deaf adults . • 3T Allegra Mock Magnet and 3T Trio Mock Magnet joined by a Micro-PET/SPECT/CT MIL senior scientist manager These mock magnets that look and sound like a real MR scanner but do not machine for dynamic molecular Wawrzyniec Dobrucki was have a magnetic field, are used to prepare human research subjects for ex - imaging in the Molecular Imaging part of a project using the periments in the actual magnets, as well as for tours and other educational microPET/SPECT/CT that re - Laboratory (MIL), a High Fre - outreach programs to explain how magnetic resonance imaging works. quency Ultrasound Imaging Sys - ported on agents for multi-target tem in the Ultrasound Imaging and multimodal cancer imaging Ultrasound Imaging Laboratory (UIL) Laboratory (UIL), and a frequency- and therapy. MRI efforts include • High-resolution Ultrasound domain diffusive optical imaging a 3- D free-breathing cardiac A Visualsonics Vevo 2100 High Frequency Ultrasound Imaging System was (DOT) system for advanced optical imaging project that focuses added to the BIC lineup in 2010. The Vevo 2100 is designed for imaging imaging in the Diffuse Optical on improving contrast of the smaller animals at high frequencies (up to around 55 megahertz), providing a high degree of resolution to study topics such as disease development Imaging Laboratory (DOIL). myocardial muscle, imaging of and processes in animal models. One of the greater research speech function (led by Brad opportunities involves the new Sutton ), cardiac imaging ( Zhi-Pei Molecular Imaging Laboratory (MIL) Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Liang ), and temperature mapping • MicroPET/SPECT/CT Memory, which approved several of the brain (John Wang ). A molecular imaging instrument (microPET/SPECT/CT) used for imaging research proposals that will be In addition to these projects dynamic biological and material systems that was installed in the spring of using BIC facilities as an integral and in new areas such as the work 2011. The MicroPET/SPECT/CT is used for molecular imaging research in part of the project. involving CNLM, Wszalek said the areas of pre-clinical medical research in cancer and neuroscience; “CNLM provides us with a new there are other research areas nanomedicine; nanoparticle biodistribution and physiological integration; area in which to apply our tools,” where BIC could also play a role. stem cell tracking and functional integration; nutritional metabolomics; Wszalek said. “While we have “We want to also look more non-destructive evaluation and functional characterization of materials; years of experience asking ques - broadly at the kinds of science and microbial and molecular dynamics in environmental media. questions that are being asked on tions about learning and memory, Diffuse Optical Imaging Laboratory (DOIL) we certainly weren’t nutritionists this campus and certainly within • Frequency-domain Diffusive Optical Imaging System but we recognize that there is this building, and then you say This resource is an optical tomography imaging method that records event- great nutrition expertise on this ‘does imaging have a role to play in related optical signals (EROS) from the brain. Using an ISS 128-source, 24- campus and we are eager to see that?’“ she said. detector Dual-Imagent system from ISS, the technology has the ability to record up to 1,536 channels (source-detector combinations) for human and 45 animal recordings, with the capability of recording four wavelengths . •

• FACILITIES • • • • • •

• Illinois Simulator Laboratory • Y R

O John Gaspar takes advantage of ISL’s immersive reality T

A environments such as the driving and flight simulators for a R project aimed at creating and implementing what Gaspar O calls a “contextual measure of the Useful Field of View”— B

A which he describes as the visual field that can be processed L without head or eye movements. This measure will enable R researchers to study the effects of workload and stress on O

T moment-to-moment changes in the Useful Field of View . A L U M I S S I O N I L L I

At the Beckman Institute’s Illi - One example is the virtual sur - forming real-time clinical assess - in the brain as people are doing nois Simulator Laboratory (ISL), gery lab, where Beckman re - ments . these tasks.” researchers are testing the con - searchers John Rogers and Torrey “If we can take CAT scans, Psychology experiments taking cept of virtual surgery, studying Loucks are using one of ISL’s three MRIs, PET scans and recompose place in ISL’s other 3-D immersive behavior in simulated real-world Immersadesks as a testbed for de - them in this environment, in real virtual reality environments, the settings like a busy street cross - veloping strategies toward teaching time, then you can walk through CAVE TM , continue in a number of re - ing , and taking a three-dimen - surgery in a virtual environment. An - them. You are actually inside of it,” search areas. A new multi-university sional stroll through the inside of other is happening in the Motion he said. “The ultimate goal is to project that will make use of the the human body . ISL’s highly -ad - Capture Suite , where Institute re - have a patient in an MRI machine, CAVE, as well as the flight and driv - vanced visualization environments searcher Jacob Sosnoff has been do a very fast low resolution scan, ing simulators, is looking at the ef - have been critical components for studying the motions involved in and then a clinician in here would fects of workload and stress on studies involving perceptual psy - wheelchair use , and developing say ‘wait a minute there is some - moment-to-moment changes in the chology for more than 17 years. technology such as an intelligent fly - thing funny looking here, let’s go visual field that can be processed Today, this Beckman core facility wheel for wheelchairs . back and do a high resolution scan.’“ without head or eye movements. features a wider array of research A new project being developed Experiments involving percep - ISL staff is fashioning a system for projects than ever before, includ - that could have far-reaching possi - tual psychology continue to be a pil - reducing information overload that ing several with biomedical appli - bilities for the medical world is hap - lar of research at the Illinois will guide the on-screen visual at - cations. pening in the Cube, ISL’s virtual Simulator Laboratory , but that area tention of users such as pilots. “We have such a strong per - reality environment that features six will also see an expansion into in - “They have way too much infor - ceptual psychology component at wall -sized display screens for a truly cluding more biometric measure - mation and information that be - the Institute that there is no way immersive, three-dimensional expe - ments like EEG. comes time critical, so you need to to neglect that,” said ISL Director rience. Kaczmarski said they are “We need all kinds of biometric get someone to look there when Hank Kaczmarski . “That is crucial working to incorporate biomedical data to really figure out what’s the computer thinks you need to to us, but we are expanding into imagery from magnetic resonance going on,” Kaczmarski said. “This is look there,” Kaczmarski said. 46 biomedical research.” imaging (MRI) and other imaging all perceptual psychology research The CAVE continues to be modalities into a system for per - so we want to see what’s going on booked solid for psychology Illinois Simulator Laboratory capabilities:

The Cube Flight Simulator Motion Capture Suite The Cube is a world-renowned, six- Based on a Frasca 142 simulator Used by kinesiologists for the research projects, including those sided virtual reality chamber that cockpit, the ISL flight simulator has analysis of human motion, the involving the effects of exercise on provides a completely immersive been continuously updated to meet Motion Capture Suite features cognitive aging, acting training on environment. Used extensively by aviation human factors researchers’ a Motion Analysis ten camera cognitive aging, and video gaming researchers in the area of percep - requirements with state -of -the -art motion capture system, force- and cognition . Treadmills modified tual psychology, the Cube is driven displays and other technologies. Fea - feedback plates, video outputs , for these studies in the CAVE have by a continuously upgraded cluster turing both a large-screen environ - and gigabit networking that allows been adapted to fit subjects rang - of personal computers using an ment and LCD cockpit displays, the researchers to store data for later ing from children to older adults. ISL-developed application called flight simulator has easily expand - analysis or to connect with other “So much of what we have Syzygy. able graphics-cluster technology and visualization environments for done recently is evolutionary,” an advanced six-camera eye tracking real-time collaborative research . Kaczmarski said. “We started out TM system. Currently, a NASA/FAA- Additionally, a new University- with one treadmill experiment and The CAVE The CAVE is a four-sided immer - funded effort is under way by human funded dance project is returning that published so well that all of a sive reality environment operated factors researchers to study the next the motion capture system to its sudden we are doing five or six by the ISL. First constructed in generation of air traffic control sys - earliest research roots. projects simultaneously, but based 1995, the CAVE continues to func - tems. on the same technology. We have tion as a prototyping facility for the to maintain extremely stable envi - Immersadesks Cube and as a research environ - The ISL houses five 4’x6 vertical ronments so that all the research Driving Simulator ment in its own right. Several Imm - Used extensively by perceptual psy - immersive displays called Immer - questions can build on previous re - ersadesks™ (horizontal and vertical chologists examining the way drivers sadesks ™ that support monocular sults. stereo video large screen display interact with both their environment and stereo vision, head, eye, and “But then we have to think in devices) are located in discrete and the increasingly complex nature hand tracking, and incorporate sur - the future as well. So it’s exciting lab spaces in the new facility, of their automobiles, the driving sim - round sound speaker systems. Two to be able to do those two things connected to specialized graphics ulator uses a General Motors Saturn of the displays are portable, useful at the same time.” computers, enabling users to automobile that surrounds test sub - for demonstrating technologies at quickly develop, test, and remotely ject drivers with eight projected symposia and workshops, while a demonstrate new applications and moving images. These images, and a horizontal display ImmersaDesk is modalities of human-computer in - fully integrated eye-tracking system, appropriate for “sand table” style teraction. allow researchers to gather data on applications. 47 how humans interact with the auto - mobile. •

• FACILITIES • • • • • •

• Imaging Technology Group •

P Cassandra Kingsbury applies mechanophores U The Imaging Technology Group to single glass fibers and embeds them in a O polymer matrix. She then uses a mechanical R (ITG) is a valuable and rare

G resource for campus researchers stage to stretch the fibers in that polymer matrix, and the mechanophores (at the Y because of the technologies

G interface between the fibers and the matrix) and expertise found in its two

O respond to that stress by making small

L facilities, the Microscopy Suite changes in their chemistry that can be

O and the Visualization Labora - monitored and recorded using the confocal

N tory. ITG offers researchers on Raman imaging system.

H the University of Illinois campus C

E a comprehensive array of imag -

T ing and microscopy instruments

G and capabilities for scientific N

I research that are found on few

G campuses, and in one location, A the Beckman Institute. M I

Microscopy Suite work in the Autonomous Materials provide Total Internal Reflectance as 2-D and 3-D object scanning and The Microscopy Suite continues Systems (AMS) group.” Fluorescence (TIRF) and Fluores - printing. This year, the lab added to add to its array of instruments Cassandra Kingsbury of AMS is cence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy two new higher-end systems called and resources, with technologies using the confocal Raman imaging (FLIM) capabilities to one of the Structure Light for a wider range of and staff members pushing the system to monitor very small confocal microscopes. 3-D scanning, and four powerful limits of its four main modes of changes that occur in the chemistry “That’s a very powerful tech - new computers . imaging: light microscopy, of mechanophores between the nique for both biology and materials Visualization Laboratory man - scanned probe microscopy, elec - interface of a single glass fiber people,” Robinson said of FLIM. ager Travis Ross said work in 3-D tron microscopy, and x-ray com - and a polymer matrix as they are “Dianwen has also made it possible has become a focus of the lab, puted tomography (CT). stretched on a mechanical stage . to perform TIRF, and the specialized as evidenced by students from Last year a new confocal Members of the AMS group are TIRF camera allows us to take full Beckman Institute faculty member Raman imaging system that pro - also using the Suite’s micro CT advantage of that .” Deana McDonagh’s design class for vides three-dimensional informa - instruments for their research into people with disabilities who used tion on the location of molecules self-healing for batteries, with the Visualization Laboratory the 3-D scanner and 3-D printer . in tissue samples and in materials help of Leilei Yin , who oversees The Visualization Laboratory is a “We became the epicenter of such as polymers was added to those instruments. premier campus support facility production for her design class,” the Microscopy Suite, with its “We have a big thrust going to thanks to the wide variety of scien - Ross said. range of options providing a get them good images of the batter - tific imaging technologies and serv - Even with all the technology unique capability for this campus. ies using the micro CT,” Robinson ices it offers researchers and others and capabilities, Ross said the em - Scott Robinson is manager of the said. “Leilei has also made it so that at the University of Illinois. phasis of the lab is still on providing Microscopy Suite. you can run a fuel cell in real time in The Visualization Laboratory of - quality services to users. “The confocal Raman imaging the Bio Micro-CT, and you can col - fers highly advanced equipment for “We have good computers, system is up and running and lect images while it’s running.” imaging, video, and audio needs. which I think is a key to our lab ,” he booked almost around the clock,” This year the Microscopy Suite Users can take advantage of numer - said. “We just want to make sure Robinson said. “They’re using it in upgraded the atomic force micro - ous capabilities, including graphics that first of all, everything is well - every way possible. It’s spread scope to state-of-the-art status and services such as image enhance - structured and everything is well - from the graphene people to the acquired a new camera , all thanks to ment for journal covers and presen - documented. A new user comes in, hexagonal boron nitride people, funding from the Beckman Founda - tations, scientific research support and it’s clear what they need to do 48 to the soybean people, the cancer tion. Robinson said staff member that includes image analysis, anima - to get their work done. foci people, and the people who Dianwen Zhang has been able to tion , and video production, as well “This is a really great resource. ” Microscopy Suite Capabilities: Visualization Laboratory capabilities: • Micro- and Nano-computed Tomography • Graphics Services The four Micro and Nano-CT instruments permit the collection of The Visualization Laboratory provides assistance with graphics and illustra - 3-D x-ray datasets of materials, biomaterials, and biological samples tions, including cover art and other images for journals and presentations. with resolutions ranging from 5 microns to 50 nanometers, with Working from concepts , photos, or other imagery, the Vis Lab staff mem - ‘hard’ or ‘soft’ x-rays, and with a variety of choices for magnifica - bers are able to render super high-resolution, professional quality images. tion/field of view. The Skyscan Micro-CT also incorporates a tensile • Image Analysis and compression stage. This capability includes obtaining qualitative and quantitative information • Light Microscopy from 2-D and 3-D image sets, including object detection, feature extraction Suite users have access to laser scanning confocal microscopes with and measurements, cell counting, and other microscopic results for scien - standard and multi-photon imaging capabilities; an inverted fluores - tific research. cence microscope with the ability to create seamless mosaics of im - • Scientific Visualization ages in x, y, and z; a highly sophisticated upright microscope with Visualization capabilities include imaging, modeling, and simulating data, fluorescence and differential contrast interference (DIC) imaging, as presented in various digital media formats: 2-D image, 3-D image, video, well as comprehensive stereology and nerve-tracing software pack - and animation, for both analysis and presentation. ages; and a high-end stereozoom microscope with color-corrected imaging at 120,000 frames per second and wide lenses for large • 3-D Object Scanning samples. These are in addition to other light microscopes, light-scat - The Vis Lab offers multi-point laser detection to create three-dimensional tering particle sizing systems, and instruments capable of a number surface geometry of real-world objects; also used for object measurement of different types of spectroscopy, from UV to visible light to NearIR and three dimensional modeling. and Raman. • Macro Photography and Macro Video • Scanned Probe Microscopy This capability offers high-magnification photography and video to This includes atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its multitude of capture research objects and scientific processes, for analysis and permutations; scanning tunneling microscopy (STM); and near-field presentation purposes. scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) are available. There is even a • Audio Booth specialized STM holder that fits into the TEM. The lab contains a soundproof audio booth for high-quality, professional • Electron Microscopy audio recording. The environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), with a • 3-D Modeling field-emission electron gun and a large number of optional imaging This capability allows for geometric modeling in three-dimensional space, modalities, is an essential component of the Bugscope project, using parameters based both on actual and simulated x-y-z directional, and which has run continuously for more than 1 3 years. The transmission multi-physics simulation capabilities. electron microscope (TEM), for which the Suite has designed and • Animation and Video Production built a variety of specialized holders, has 2-Angstrom resolution and These facilities offer the ability to produce moving image sequences, cre - operates at accelerating voltages of up to 200 kV. ated as communication resources for scientific presentation and for under - • Sample Preparation Equipment standing of research findings. The wide range of microscopes and spectroscopy equipment re - quires a comparable range of sample preparation instrumentation, • Ultra High Speed Video Capture and Analysis from a critical point dryer to an ultramicrotome to a dual-metal The Vis Lab offers both qualitative and quantitative visual motion capture evaporator, which is another example of an instrument that was de - and analysis of dynamic processes, which occur at rates of speed unde - signed and fabricated in response to requests from numerous re - tectable by human vision or traditional video capture speeds. searchers.

49 Beckman Institute Graduate Fellows 2012

The Beckman Graduate Fellows Program offers unique research opportu - nities for some of the top graduate students at the University of Illinois. The program is supported by funding from the Arnold and Mabel Beck - man Foundation and gives U. of I. graduate students at the M.A., M.S., or Ph.D. level the opportunity to pursue interdisciplinary research at the Institute. Research projects must involve at least one Beckman faculty member as well as a second U. of I. faculty member. Preference is given to those proposals that are interdisciplinary and involve the active participa - tion of two Beckman faculty members from two different groups. • • • • •

Adrienne Barry skin-conductance assessments, Adrienne Barry is an M.D./Ph.D. Alex will investigate the following candidate in the Medical Scholars issues: 1) the contributions of Program and the Department of emotional content and personal Biochemistry. She integrates bio - significance to the impact of task- physical and molecular imaging irrelevant distracters on working techniques to investigate alter - memory, 2) the impact of elevated ations in vascular endothelial cell arousal on relational memory, and mechanics that are associated 3) the role of sex differences in the with acute lung injury. The in - neural circuitry underlying the im - tegrity of the endothelial barrier is pact of emotion on these cognitive crucial for maintaining tissue processes. Investigation of these homeostasis and regulating in - issues is critical for understanding flammatory responses. Gaining a healthy behavior as well as better understanding of the role changes in affective disorders, such of mechanical force in the regula - as post-traumatic stress disorder tion of endothelial cell-cell and depression, where remember - junctions could reveal novel ther - ing of and focusing on traumatic or apeutic targets for inflammatory distressing memories interferes pulmonary disorders. Adrienne with proper cognitive functioning. works with Beckman Institute Alex works with Beckman Institute faculty members Deborah faculty members Florin Dolcos, Leckband and Peter Wang. Neal Cohen, and Alejandro Lleras in his research. Alexandru Iordan Alexandru Iordan is a Ph.D. candi - Curtis Johnson date in Neuroscience with a re - Curtis Johnson is a Ph.D. candidate search interest in the neural in Mechanical Engineering. His re - circuitries linking the enhancing search is at the intersection of and impairing effects of emotion medical imaging and biomechan - on different memory systems. ics. Curtis develops techniques for Using an interdisciplinary ap - high-resolution magnetic reso - proach that combines behavioral, nance elastography that allow for brain imaging, eye-tracking, and the mechanical properties of brain

50 tissue to be estimated non-inva - one's social network, education graphene-based nanoelectronic tors. By introducing the aptamer-li - sively, and will ultimately provide level, and body composition factor biosensors for detecting and se - posome system with correct com - researchers with a new contrast in to age-related changes in this quencing DNA. He is working with binations of different targeting mechanism for studying the struc - system. Other areas of research in - Beckman faculty members Klaus agents and imaging probes, it is ture and function of the human clude how a history of head Schulten, Jean-Pierre Leburton and possible to improve the specificity brain. He is working with Beckman trauma or mild traumatic brain in - Rashid Bashir. and sensitivity of cancer diagnosis faculty members John Georgiadis, jury interacts with the aging and therapy and further establish a Brad Sutton, William Olivero, and process to possibly produce decre - John Ben Soileau well-characterized pre-clinical John Wang. ments in memory and brain func - John Ben Soileau is earning his mouse model for future clinical ap - tion later in life, as well as the Ph.D. in Sociocultural Anthropol - plications. Hang will be working Fan Lam development of cognitive tasks ogy and his research examines with Beckman Institute faculty Fan Lam is a Ph.D. student in the aimed at dissociating healthy aging different forms environmental members Stephen Boppart, Jianjun Department of Electrical and Com - from very mild dementia at the governance in Brazil's Amazon re - Cheng, and William Helferich. puter Engineering. His research is earliest possible stage. He works gion. He has a particular focus on focused on developing advanced with Beckman faculty members the process of the Environmental Joshua Wood data acquisition and reconstruc - Neal Cohen, Art Kramer and Ed - Impact Assessment (EIA) and how Joshua Wood is a Ph.D. candidate tion methods for high-resolution ward McAuley. this process involves social and in the Department of Electrical neuroimaging. During his Beckman natural scientists on the one hand, and Computer Engineering (ECE). Fellowship, Fan will focus on devel - Martina Mustroph and affected populations on the He received his M.S. in ECE at Illi - oping and implementing a novel Martina Mustroph is a Ph.D. candi - other. Currently, he is investigating nois and his B.S. in Computer Engi - method for integrated structural, date in Neuroscience and an M.D. these issues in the context of the neering at Valparaiso University. functional and physiological (meta - candidate in the College of Medi - Belo Monte hydroelectric complex He works with carbon-based nano - bolic) imaging of the brain. This cine. Martina's research integrates on the Xingu River in the Brazilian materials, specifically graphene new method is expected to pro - neuroscience and chemistry to in - state of Para. This research is part and carbon nanotubes. He investi - vide neuroscientists a powerful vestigate brain peptides in the hip - of a long-term ethnographic proj - gates better ways to synthesize tool to study structural and func - pocampus and amygdala that ect that charts the development and control these nanomaterials tional changes of the aging brain. influence cocaine-induced condi - and implementation of environ - from the atomic to the electronic Fan will work with Beckman fac - tioned place preference behavior in mental policy during large-scale device level. He also explores alter - ulty members Zhi-Pei Liang, Brad mice. This work has potential ap - infrastructural expansion in the native applications for graphene, Sutton, and Art Kramer on the plications in the development of greater Amazon region. John Ben such as using it as a protective project. He will also collaborate new therapies for drug depend - is working with Beckman faculty atomic coating for DNA. He is with Dr. Norbert Schuff from the ence and addiction. Martina is Jesse Ribot, Tom Bassett and A working with Beckman faculty Center for Imaging of Neurode - working with Beckman Institute shwini Chhatre. His primary members Joe Lyding, Eric Pop, and generative Diseases at the Univer - faculty members Justin Rhodes and advisor is Andrew Orta from the Rashid Bashir. sity of California, San Francisco. Jonathan Sweedler. Department of Anthropology.

Jim Monti Chaitanya Sathe Hang Xing Jim Monti is a Ph.D. student in the Chaitanya Sathe is a Ph.D. candi - Hang Xing is a Ph.D. candidate in Department of Psychology study - date in Electrical Engineering with Chemistry at Illinois who earned ing how the medial temporal lobe research interest in graphene his B.S. and M.S. degrees from memory system is affected by based nanopores for DNA se - Nanjing University. His research aging, and what lifestyle factors quencing. As a Beckman Graduate focuses on developing a general ameliorate or contribute to these Fellow, Sathe will resolve in detail platform for multi-target and age related changes. Specifically, the physical interaction between multi-modal cancer imaging and he investigates the role of exercise DNA and graphene membrane therapy. In his research he will in - and nutrition on the structure and through molecular dynamics and corporate versatile nucleic acid ap - function of the medial temporal semi-empirical electronic structure tamers as targeting agents with lobe memory system in older calculations. The simulations can liposomes to recognize several im - adults, while also examining how guide the development of portant cancer markers and recep -

51 Beckman Institute Postdoctoral Fellows Program

The Beckman Institute Fellows Current Beckman Sarah Erickson growing older population, such as Program is entering its 20th Institute Fellows After earning a Ph.D. in Biomedical nutrition-based interventions for year of existence. We are proud Engineering from Florida Interna - memory decline. to have been home to more tional University in 2011, Sarah Er - 2012 Fellows Jie Sun than 70 postdoctoral scientists ickson became a postdoctoral Jie earned a Ph.D. in Molecular and who had the rare opportunity to Suma Bhat researcher in the university’s Opti - Integrative Physiology in December pursue their research goals un - Suma Bhat earned a Ph.D. in 2010 cal Imaging Laboratory. Her re - of 2011 from the University of burdened by teaching or other from the Department of Electrical search interests are in developing Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She work responsibilities. Postdoc - and Computer Engineering at the diffuse and fluorescence-enhanced is currently a postdoctoral re - toral researchers from across University of Illinois at Urbana- optical imaging methods, with a searcher in Beckman Institute fac - the country and around the Champaign. Her research is in the clinical goal of early-stage breast ulty member Peter Wang’s research world have taken part in the area of human-computer intelligent cancer diagnosis. Sarah has used group. As a Beckman Fellow, Jie will Beckman Institute Fellows Pro - interaction, with a primary focus on diffuse optical tomography (DOT) be working with Wang, and will col - gram since 1992. natural language and speech pro - toward development of a hand- laborate with Eric Jakobsson from The Beckman Fellows Pro - cessing. Her research plans as a held based optical imager; as a Fel - the Computational Multiscale gram nurtures independent re - Beckman Fellow are to use multiple low she will explore applying Nanosystems group. Her research is search in a stimulating and elements of communication, such optical coherence tomography in the area of synthetic biology, supportive interdisciplinary en - as speech and gesture, for improv - (OCT) and vibrational imaging to - with a goal of trying to understand vironment that allows young ing virtual reality applications like ward breast cancer diagnosis and the fundamental principles govern - scientists to advance their re - video conferencing. Suma’s goal is intraoperative tumor margin detec - ing the molecular regulations of search during the period be - to precisely characterize the effi - tion in a clinical setting, and for in - signaling transduction in living cells. tween earning a Ph.D. and cacy of a new an online presenta - sight into the biochemical changes In her Fellows project, Jie will use beginning a professional career. tion tool, and then to design tools of malignant tissue for disease protocells as a synthetic platform to The Beckman Institute Fellows for improved human-to-human in - prognosis. Sarah will work with In - reconstitute cellular functions and are selected based on evidence teractions in a virtual setting. She tegrative Imaging research theme understand the biological organiza - of professional promise, capac - will work with several Beckman re - Co-chair Stephen Boppart, and col - tion of cell signaling. ity for independent work, out - searchers, including Art Kramer, laborate with Rohit Bhargava from Minh Do, Mark Hasegawa-Johnson, standing achievement, and the Bioimaging Science and Tech - Baoxing Xu and Tom Huang from the Human- interdisciplinary research inter - nology group, and Martin Gruebele Baoxing Xu is completing a Ph.D. in Computer Intelligent Interaction re - ests that correspond to one or from the Nanoelectronics and Engineering Mechanics at Columbia search theme, and Jennifer Cole and more of the Beckman Institute’s Nanomaterials group. University’s Department of Earth Kara Federmeier from the Biological research themes. and Environmental Engineering. His Intelligence research theme. Heather Lucas Applications for the Beck - thesis topic is on the science of Heather Lucas completed her Ph.D. man Institute Fellows program nanofluidics and energy conversion. Bradley Deutsch in Psychology at Northwestern are accepted during the Fall se - Baoxing’s research involves nanoflu - Bradley earned a Ph.D. in Optics in University in the summer of 2012. mester and the announcement idics, fabrication and formation of 2011 at the University of Rochester’s Her research focus is on the neural of the selected Fellows is made micro/nanofluidic channels, ad - Institute of Optics. His research in - bases of human memory systems in late February/early March of vanced micro/nano-mechanical volved nanoscale optics, with a and changes they undergo during the Spring semester. Fellows characterization of materials and Ph.D. emphasis on phase-shifting the aging process. At Beckman she may begin working at the Beck - structures, mechanical behavior of interferometric methods for near- will work with Cognitive Neuro - man Institute as early as July of advanced materials, and stress-dri - field optical microscopy and science group members Neal the calendar year they are se - ven pattern in biomaterials and nanoparticle detection. At Beckman Cohen and Kara Federmeier, and lected and no later than De - biostructures. At Beckman he will he will work with Scott Carney and with the Center for Nutrition, cember 31 of that same year. be working with John Rogers from Rohit Bhargava of the Bioimaging Learning, and Memory that Cohen the 3D Micro- and Nanosystems Science and Technology group. directs. Her research aims as a Fel - group, and will also have a collabo - Bradley’s project as a Beckman low include identifying early mark - ration with Nancy Sottos and Scott Fellow will focus on developing an ers of pathological memory decline White from the Autonomous Mate - ultramicroscopy technique that with age and characterizing the im - rials Systems group. His research • • • • encodes spatial information in the pact of B-vitamin supplementation with Rogers will seek to develop a spectral domain for improved tem - on cognitive functioning in older micro/nanofluidics-integrated soft poral resolution without a loss of adults. The research goals include actuator based on conductive poly - spatial resolution, for use in biology, furthering understanding of human mers for integration with an epider - 52 medicine, and imaging applications. memory dysfunction and address - mal electronics system with ing topics involving our rapidly medical applications. He will work Joseph Toscano potentially advance the state-of- 2009. His current research inter - with Sottos and White on integrat - After completing his Ph.D. in Cogni - the-art in many imaging applica - ests cover a broad range of ques - ing the micro/nanofluidic CP actua - tion and Perception at the Univer - tions. tions on the structure and dynamics tor inside self-healing materials. sity of Iowa, Joseph will join the of nanosystems and biomolecules. Simon Fischer-Baum Fellows program to continue his re - Specifically his research explores Simon earned his Ph.D. in Cognitive 2011 Fellows search looking at how the percep - animal magnetoreception in crea - Science from Johns Hopkins Univer - tual system uses context tures, including migratory birds. Kyle Mathewson sity in the fall of 2010. He was a information during speech percep - This work could eventually lead to Kyle earned a Ph.D. in Psychology William Orr Dingwall Foundation tion. At Beckman he plans to use solutions in protecting airports from the University of Illinois. He Neurolinguistic Fellow at Johns computational modeling and neu - from birds. has worked for more than three Hopkins. His research seeks to roimaging methods to investigate years in Beckman’s Cognitive Neu - identify domain-independent prin - continuous cue encoding and cate - 2009 Fellows roimaging Laboratory with Institute ciples of cognitive processing, gorization during speech processing, David Mayerich researchers Monica Fabiani and specifically regarding how serial apply his approaches to spoken David completed his Ph.D. in Gabriele Gratton. During his time at order is represented and processed. word recognition, and examine ef - Computer Science from Texas A&M Illinois and Beckman, Kyle’s research This line of research could have im - fects of prosody and audiovisual University. While there he helped involved cognitive neuroscience, plications for many aspects of bio - with a focus on attention and speech. develop a prototype microscope logical intelligence including more capable of quickly imaging large awareness in the human visual sys - Thomas van Dijk high-level cognitive processes like tem. He plans to spend his time as a three-dimensional tissue samples. Thomas van Dijk earned his Ph.D. in language and problem solving, and His current research goals are to Beckman Fellow studying the pre - Physics at Vrije University in Amster - more peripheral processes like per - diction and control of brain states advance methods for reconstruc - dam. His dissertation has a focus on ception and motor control. tion and visualization of biomedical that influence subsequent percep - theoretical and experimental studies Malini Ranganathan data in order to provide an unprece - tion, learning, brain activity, and in optical coherence theory, while Malini earned a Ph.D. in the Energy dented understanding of anatomy even consciousness. He plans to his main areas of research include and Resources Group at the Univer - at the sub-cellular level. He focuses take the research outside of tradi - computed imaging, inverse prob - sity of California at Berkeley. Her on creating sub-cellular anatomical tional laboratory settings, monitor - lems, statistical optics and plasmon - dissertation research explores the models of tissue as well as better ing brain activity during virtual ics. Van Dijk is interested in political ecology of water in the city ways to process and visualize reality situations, in order to predict exploring theoretical frontiers in bio- of Bangalore in India, specifically fo - datasets provided by new micro - performance in more ecologically optics, which uses light to study, cusing on the implications of mar - scope techniques. valid environments. Techniques and manipulate, and treat biological ket-oriented reforms for equity at technology will be developed to samples, toward advancing the de - Nathan Parks the peri-urban interface. At Beck - monitor and adaptively manipulate sign of experimental methods and Nathan completed his Ph.D. in the man, she investigates the specific these predictive brain states in order analysis of results. He plans to con - area of Cognitive and Brain Science social and environmental vulnera - to improve cognitive function. centrate his work on problems in the at the Georgia Institute of Technol - bilities—particularly related to imaging and diagnosis of disease in ogy. His research plan concentrates Meredith Silberstein water infrastructure—of popula - order to meet both clinical and re - on examining the neural mecha - Meredith completed a Ph.D. in Me - tions living in fringe areas of devel - chanical Engineering from the Mas - search needs. nisms of attention, competition, oping cities. She aims to and short-term plasticity within sachusetts Institute of Technology 2010 Fellows substantiate the claim that greater this spring. Her research interests the human visual system. He uses a S. Derin Babacan resilience to water-related environ - are in the area of alternative energy variety of noninvasive neuro-physi - Derin joined the Beckman Institute mental hazards in peri-urban Manila harvesting and conversion methods ological measures and psychophysi - from Northwestern University or Bangalore can, in part, be ex - that can perform electrochemical cal techniques in his investigations. where he completed his Ph.D. work plained by the existence of neigh - functions while maintaining me - in Electrical Engineering in Decem - borhood associations, their chanical integrity. Her work is aimed Edward Wlotko ber 2009. His research interests are relationships with the state, and at developing microstructurally- Eddie earned a Ph.D. from the focused on problems in image pro - the wider social and political net - based models for electro- and/or Brain and Cognition Division of the cessing, computer vision, and com - works in which they operate. chemo-mechanically coupled mate - Department of Psychology at the pressive sensing. He is investigating rials that will facilitate system level Ilia Solov’yov University of Illinois at Urbana- novel Bayesian modeling and infer - design and design of new multifunc - Ilia received a Ph.D. in Physics from Champaign. His research explores ence procedures that effectively uti - tional composite materials. At Frankfurt University in Germany in how the two hemispheres of the lize complex signal and degradation Beckman Meredith focuses on 2008 and a Candidate of Science brain each serve language functions models that are consistent with the mechanochemical transduction in degree in Theoretical Physics from that are necessary for comprehen - nature of imaging instruments and 53 synthetic material design, specifi - the Ioffe Physical-Technical Insti - sion. At the Beckman Institute, he subjects. These novel methods could cally characterization and develop - tute in St. Petersburg, Russia, in uses the event-related optical signal ment of mechanophores. •

• (EROS) system to explore the indi - earned his Ph.D. at Pittsburgh in 2011 Nadine Barrie Smith Memorial Cac Nguyen vidual and joint contributions of Bioengineering. As the second Fellows Cac is an Electrical and Computer

• the cerebral hemispheres to Carle—Beckman Fellow, his project Yue Wang Engineering major at the University language comprehension, and how involving oncololgy-related research Yue is a member of the Ultrasonic Im - of Illinois and a member of the those contributions change over is titled “Magnetomotive optical Institute’s Biophotonics Imaging

• aging Laboratory at the Beckman In - the lifespan. coherence tomography (MM-OCT) stitute where she works with Michael Laboratory, where she works image-guided hyperthermia of Insana of the Bioimaging Science and mainly with lab director and • Carle Foundation Hospital— tumor lesions using targeted mag - Integrative Imaging Co-chair Beckman Institute Fellow Technology group. She is a graduate netic nanoparticles (MNPs).” Kim’s student in Department of Bioengi - Stephen Boppart. Cac also collabo - Jongsick Kim goals include demonstrating real- neering at the University of Illinois. rates with Beckman researcher Jongsick joined Beckman’s Biopho - time diagnostic MM-OCT imaging Yue’s research is aimed at developing a Jont Allen. Cac’s research investi - tonics Imaging Laboratory, headed with molecular specific contrast en - novel shear wave imaging technique gates bacteria biofilm in the middle by Institute researcher Stephen hancement of tumor, and enlarging that has the potential to bridge molec - ear using imaging techniques and Boppart, after serving as a post - the role of OCT technology as a ular, cellular, and tissue biology, and to acoustic measurements, and she doctoral research associate at diagnostic imaging modality. support medical diagnoses of cancer. has developed an automatic the University of Pittsburgh. He She is also interested in exploring bio - algorithm for classification of data. logical sources of mechanical contrast in cancer development.

Postdoctoral Fellows Program Alumni (listed by class)

2009 Ming Hsu, Ph.D. from Califor - 2003 2000 1996 Nanshu Lu, Ph.D. from Harvard nia Institute of Technology Joshua Ballard, Ph.D. from John Paul Minda, Ph.D. from Srinivas Akella, Ph.D. from University Mark Neider, Ph.D. from Stony University of Colorado SUNY, Buffalo Carnegie Mellon University Jeremy Brooks, Ph.D. from Brook University Richard Godijn, Ph.D. from Vrije Slava Rotkin, Ph.D. from Ioffe Jose Jimenez, Ph.D. from University of California, Davis Stephanie Rinne, Ph.D. from Universiteit, Amersterdam Institute, Russia Columbia University 2008 University of Illinois Mathews Jacob, Ph.D. from Ilya Zharov, Ph.D. from Univer - Chen Liu, Ph.D. from Sarah Brown-Schmidt, Ph.D. Agustín Mihi, Ph.D. from Swiss Federal Institute of sity of Colorado Techinion-Israel Institute of from University of Rochester University of Seville Technology 1999 Technology Dirk Bernhardt-Walther, Ph.D. Jacob Eisenstein, Ph.D. from Ryan Kershner, Massachusetts Dale Barr, Ph.D. from Univer - 1995 from California Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Institute of Technology sity of Chicago Prahlad Gupta, Ph.D. from Technology Technology 2002 Hong Hua, Ph.D. from Beijing Carnegie Mellon University Amy Shih, Ph.D. from 2005 Tyler Bruns, Ph.D. from Univer - Institute of Technology Gregory Zelinsky, Ph.D. from University of Illinois Chandramalika Basak, Ph.D. sity of Illinois Jason McCarley, Ph.D. from Brown University Joel Voss, Ph.D. from from Syracuse University Stan Colcombe, Ph.D. from University of Louisville 1994 Emma Falk, Ph.D. from Northwestern University University of Illinois Lolita Rotkina, Ph.D. from Ioffe Barbara Church, Ph.D. from Helsinki University 2007 Diego Diaz, Ph.D. from Cornell Physico-Technical Institute Harvard University Silvio Savarese, Ph.D. from Derek Hoiem, Ph.D. from University 1998 Narayan Srinivasa, Ph.D. from CalTech Carnegie Mellon University Sarah Grison, Ph.D. from the Michal Balberg, Ph.D. from He - University of Florida Zhihong Zeng, Ph.D from the Zhi Jiang, Ph.D. from Purdue University of Wales brew University of Jerusalem Chinese Academy of Sci - 1993 University Cristina Iani, Ph.D. from the Gregory DiGirolamo, Ph.D. ences University of Bologna Andreas Herz, Ph.D. from Severine Lepage, Ph.D. from from University of Oregon Heidelberg University 2004 University of Líège, Belgium 2001 1997 Rejeev Sharman, Ph.D. from Byron McCaughey, Ph.D. from Jongseung Yoon, Ph.D. from Michael Bevan, Ph.D. from Brendan Frey, Ph.D. from Uni - University of Maryland Tulane University Massachusetts Institute of Carnegie Mellon University versity of Toronto Michelle Meade, Ph.D. from 1992 Technology Donald Cannon, Ph.D. from Tammy Ivanco, Ph.D. from Mc - Washington University, Andrew Nobel, Ph.D. from 2006 Penn State University Master University St. Louis Stanford University Joseph B. Geddes III, Ph.D. from Christina Grozinger, Ph.D. Timothy Nokes, Ph.D. from Efrat Shimshoni, Ph.D. from The Pennsylvania State University from Harvard University University of Illinois, Chicago Weizmann Institute of Science 54 Yael Gertner, Ph.D. from Jesse Spencer-Smith, Ph.D. Maxim Raginsky, Ph.D. from University of Pennsylvania from Indiana University Northwestern University Beckman Institute Funding 2011-2012

Research Grant Expenditures by Funding Source 1 s

r 20 a l l o D f o

s 15 n o i l l i M n I 10 s e r u t i d n

e 5 p x E t n a r

G 0 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 DOD $4,217,584 $5,238,196 $4,358,155 $3,869,004 $3,200,338 NIH $9,444,099 $7,518,406 $9,072,558 $9,705,827 $8,665,427 NSF $3,596,633 $2,310,613 $3,403,358 $4,050,734 $2,482,559 IBHE $223,626 $(1,674) $- $- $- 3 Abbott $- $- $- $- $484,248 Other $1,151,309 $2,578,214 $1,075,980 $770,525 $575,790 Total $18,633,251 $17,643,755 $17,910,050 $18,396,090 $15,408,362

Research Awards by Funding Source 3

FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 DOD $7,030,763 $2,115,780 $2,831,689 $3,001 $3,107,121 NIH $15,036,128 $5,234,846 $7,488,077 $13,879,105 $17,245,588

NSF $4,628,500 $1,693,264 $6,747,793 $2,578,574 $876,173 Abbott $- $- $- $- $15,246,982 Other $1,917,393 $666,790 $683,834 $894,094 $757,369 Total $28,612,784 $9,710,680 $17,751,393 $17,354,774 $37,233,233

DOD Department of Defense NIH National Institutes of Health NSF National Science Foundation IBHE Illinois Board of Higher Education (grant match funds) Abbott Abbott Nutrition

1 In addition to those sources itemized in the chart, funding for the Beckman Institute is received from the following sources: a) The state of Illinois to the University of Illinois and allocated through individual departments: Faculty salaries b) The state of Illinois to the Beckman Institute: Administration, Operating Expenses c) The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation: Beckman Institute Fellows Program, Beckman Institute Graduate Fellows Program, Beckman Institute Equipment Competition, Seed Proposals, and Sponsorships (e.g. symposia, lectures, etc.) 2 Funding from Abbott Nutrition supports the Center for Nutrition, Learning, and Memory. This is made possible by partnership between the University of Illinois and Abbott Nutrition. This Center includes participation by the Institute for Genomic Biology, and departments from the College 55 of Agriculture, Consumer, and Environmental Sciences, the College of Applied Health Sciences, and the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. 3 The Beckman Institute primarily possesses interdisciplinary research grants that have multiple faculty from multiple departments. Total funding for multi-year awards is reported in the fiscal year of the award notice. Beckman Institute Contact Information

The Beckman Institute for Biological Intelligence Research Molecular and Electronic Beckman Institute Annual Report Advanced Science and Technology Theme Co-chairs: Nanostructures Research Theme Credits University of Illinois at Urbana- Jennifer Cole Co-Chairs: Project Manager: Sue Johnson, Champaign Phone: 217-244-1116 Narayana Aluru Director of Communications 405 North Mathews Avenue Email: [email protected] Phone: 217-333-1180 Writers: Steve McGaughey and Urbana, IL 61801 Email: [email protected] Sue Johnson Mark Nelson Phone: 217-244-1176 Design: Pat Mayer, Urbana, IL Phone: 217-244-1371 Nancy Sottos Fax: 217-333-2922 Photography: Unless otherwise Email:[email protected] Phone: 217-244-6901 Web: beckman.illinois.edu noted, photography by Thomp - Email: [email protected] Human-Computer Intelligent son-McClellan, Donald Fonner, Director: Interaction Research Theme Biomedical Imaging Center and the Beckman Institute Art Kramer Co-chairs: Tracey Wszalek, Director Communications Office. Phone: 217-244-8373 Thomas Huang Phone: 217-333-3149 Email: [email protected] Phone: 217-244-1638 Email: [email protected] Associate Director for Email: [email protected] Imaging Technology Group Administration: Dan Morrow Scott Robinson, Microscopy Suite Mike Devocelle Phone: 217-244-1828 Phone: 217-265-5071 Phone: 217-244-8380 Email: [email protected] email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Integrative Imaging Research Travis Ross, Visualization Associate Director for Research: Theme Co-Chairs: Laboratory Patty Jones Stephen Boppart Phone: 217-244-9033 Phone: 217-244-2887 Phone: 217-244-7479 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Illinois Simulator Laboratory 56 Zhi-Pei Liang Hank Kaczmarski, Director Phone: 217-244-4023 Phone: 217-244-5412 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Beckman Institute FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

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