B eckman Insti t ute f o r A dvan ce d S cie nce a nd Te

Annual Report 2009-2010 ch n olog y ABOUT THE BECKMAN INSTITUTE he Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois at Urbana- TChampaign is an interdisciplinary research institute devoted to leading-edge research in the physical sciences, computation, engineering, biology, behavior, cognition, and neuroscience. The Institute’s primary mission is to foster interdisciplinary work of the highest quality, transcending many of the limitations inherent in traditional university organizations and structures. The Institute was founded on the premise that reducing the barriers between traditional scientific and technological disciplines can yield research advances that more conventional approaches cannot.

Beckman Institute research is focused around four To assist research efforts, the Beckman Institute pro - research themes: vides state-of-the-art resources for faculty, staff, and • Biological Intelligence (page 6) students, including the: • Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction (page 14) • Biomedical Imaging Center (page 46) • Integrative Imaging (page 22) • Illinois Simulator Laboratory (page 48) • Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures (page 28) • Imaging Technology Group (page 50)

The Beckman Institute is also home to two strategic The 313,000-square-foot building was made possible initiatives that seek to unify campus activities in their by a generous gift from University of Illinois alum - respective areas: nus and founder of Beckman Instruments, Inc., • Imaging Arnold O. Beckman, and his wife Mabel M. • Social Dimensions of Environmental Policy Beckman, with a supplement from the State of Illinois. More than 600 researchers from more than 40 University of Illinois departments as diverse as psy - Additionally, the Arnold and Mabel Beckman chology, computer science, electrical and computer en - Foundation provides ongoing financial assistance for gineering, and biochemistry, comprising 14 Beckman various Institute and campus programs. Daily oper - Institute groups, work within and across these overlap - ating expenses of the Institute are covered by ping areas. The building offers more than 200 offices; the state and its research programs are mainly sup - specialized, state-of-the-art laboratories and other fa - ported by external funding from the federal govern - cilities; and meeting areas. ment, corporations, and foundations. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Director’s Message from Art Kramer 2 Başar Served the Institute Well 4

RESEARCH THEMES Biological Intelligence Overview 6 Highlights 8 Faculty Profile: Al Feng 12

Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction Overview 14 Highlights 16 Faculty Profile: Stephen Levinson 20

Integrative Imaging Overview 22 Highlights 24 Faculty Profile: Rohit Bhargava 26

Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures Overview 28 Highlights 30 Faculty Profile: Iwona Jasiuk 34

Selected Faculty Awards, Patents, Grants, 36 and Publications for Research Themes

Beckman Institute in the News 45

Beckman Institute Facilities Biomedical Imaging Center 46 Illinois Simulator Laboratory 48 Imaging Technology Group 50

Beckman Institute Postdoctoral Fellows Program 52 Beckman Institute Graduate Fellows Program 54 New Faculty 55 Philanthropy 56 Donors 58 Beckman Institute Outreach 59 Funding 2009-2010 60 Contact Information 61

1 FROM THE DIRECTOR

t is with great pleasure that I write my _rst Changes were also underfoot at the the extraordinary life and achievements of Iletter as the Director of the Beckman Beckman Institute this past year. Our Arnold Beckman. Many people were involved Institute. I am incredibly honored and excited Biomedical Imaging Center completed its in making this permanent tribute possible, but to be named the fourth Director of the transition from its south campus location and I would particularly like to thank Pierre Institute. I have been a faculty member at continued its growth by acquiring new equip - Wiltzius for forming the idea; Tamer Başar our Beckman since it opened in 1989 and have ment, including the Seimens MAGNETOM interim director for seeing the project had the pleasure of working with Founding Trio Whole-body 3T MRI scanner and a high through; the Beckman Foundation for funding Director Ted Brown, Jiri Jonas, Pierre Wiltzius, resolution ultrasound system which was and support for the project; Pat Beckman, and Tamer Başar (interim). I am looking for - spearheaded by Bill O’Brien, leader of the Arnold’s daughter, who played an essential ward to continuing their tradition of excel - Bioacoustics Research Laboratory. We will role in this process for advice, images, and dis - lence as the Beckman Institute enters its third soon be receiving two additional systems, a play material; Beckman Coulter for images decade as a world-renowned interdisciplinary micro CT-PET system obtained via a proposal and equipment; and the many Beckman research institute. written by Steve Boppart and colleagues and a Institute sta] members who made it all hap - \e period this report covers (July 1, 2009- NIRS/EROS system obtained by Gabriele pen. I hope this engaging display can continue June 30, 2010) was marked with many mile - Gratton, Monica Fabani, and their colleagues. to educate us about the man who contributed stones, discoveries, changes, and challenges. \ese new systems will enable us to add im - greatly to the history of science and technolog - Milestones included holding our 20 th portant new imaging capabilities to our world ical innovation. Anniversary Symposium in October, 2009. class multimodal imaging facility. As I take over my new position I am also \is two-day scienti_c symposium was the Some notable changes took place in our re - very aware that the Beckman Institute also culmination of our 20 th anniversary celebra - search theme co-chair positions. Long-time faced—and will continue to be faced—with tions and we were pleased that it drew several Biological Intelligence research theme co- many challenges, particularly to our budget. hundred people to the Beckman Institute. \e chairs Monica Fabiani and Bill Greenough Like every other unit on the University of event featured high pro_le speakers from our stepped down from their duties. Monica is Illinois campus we are facing di^cult budget campus and beyond, including Nobel Laureate continuing as a full-time faculty member at cuts from the state of Illinois and other fund - Susumu Tonegawa from MIT, \omas R. the Beckman Institute and Bill is transitioning ing sources. E^cient planning from Tamer Insel, the Director of the National Institutes to retirement. I would like to thank both of Başar and Associate Director Van Anderson of Health; all of our former directors, award- them for their tremendous service to the has provided us with the ability to handle winning nanoscientist, Charles Lieber, and a Beckman Institute over the years. \ey both these reductions—at least for now. We will myriad of other speakers with past and present went above and beyond what was required. continue to develop new sources of revenue to connections to the Beckman Institute. Taking over for Monica is Jennifer Cole of the help support our research portfolio. \is in - Klaus Schulten and his \eoretical and Cognitive Science group. Mark Nelson of the cludes building our development e]orts and Computational Biophysics group also cele - NeuroTech group replaces Bill Greenough. My being creative and competitive in grant fund - brated an historic milestone: the 20 th anniver - replacement as co-chair for the Human- ing opportunities. sary of funding as the National Institutes of Computer Intelligent Interaction research In spite of these challenges I am looking Health Resource for Macromolecular theme is Dan Morrow of the Human forward to moving the Beckman Institute into Modeling and Bioinformatics. Since 1989, Perception and Performance group. Dan will the future. It is a fantastic place for interdisci - Klaus’s group has set the gold standard when it join long-time HCII co-chair Tom Huang. plinary research and I have no doubt we will comes to computational modeling and visuali - Naryana Aluru and Nancy Sottos remain the continue to stay at the cutting edge of interdis - zation of molecular scale biological structures co-chairs of the Molecular and Electronic ciplinary research. and processes. To celebrate their two decades Nanostructures group and Stephen Boppart of success Schulten’s group hosted a two-day and Zhi-Pei Liang continue as co-chairs for symposium titled “Computational Biology of the Integrative Imaging research theme. the Cell – the Next Decade.” I’d like to congrat - Changes were also seen in the Beckman ulate Klaus, his current team members, and all Institute rotunda. In April of 2010 we unveiled Art Kramer former members for their contributions to this the Arnold O. Beckman Rotunda Exhibit. \is Beckman Institute Director leading-edge group. permanent exhibit was created to illuminate

2 3 SERVED THE BECKMAN INSTITUTE WELL BAŞAR

amer Başar spent more than 20 months as Kramer thanked Başar for his service dur - One of the ideas coming out of that Tthe Beckman Institute Director on an in - ing a critical period in the history of the retreat was the Healthy Bodies, Brains, Minds, terim basis, departing in May of 2010 when Beckman Institute. and Communities Developing Initiative. Art Kramer was chosen as Beckman’s fourth “Tamer’s stewardship of the Beckman Another idea from the retreat that was permanent Director. Institute during some important and oaen try - implemented was a program in which Aaer taking over for Pierre Wiltzius in ing times went above and beyond what anyone Beckman faculty members mentor postdocs September of 2008, Başar guided the Institute could have expected,” Kramer said. “I know and graduate students for academic positions. during some of its most historic and most that I express the feelings of all the people here An important milestone that occurred challenging times. \e Beckman Institute’s at Beckman when I say a heartfelt thank you during Başar’s tenure was the implementation 20th Anniversary Year was held in 2009, with for all that he did.” of a fourth research theme, Integrative a celebration of the o^cial opening in April Başar said that, because of the many Imaging. \e _rst new research theme in 15 and a scienti_c symposium in October mark - challenges and events taking place during his years, Integrative Imaging, had been in the ing the occasion. \e biennial Beckman tenure as Director, and because many planning stages when Başar arrived, and has Institute Open House was held in March of high-level positions on campus were held on already been a success with 22 faculty mem - 2009, while a planned facilities swap of an interim basis during this time, he did not bers on board. Beckman’s Illinois Simulator Laboratory and approach his job as if it were an interim In addition, Başar oversaw the creation of Biomedical Imaging Center took place during position. two new campus-wide strategic initiatives lo - Başar’s tenure. “You’re there realizing that you’ll be mak - cated in Beckman: Social Dimensions of In addition, a long-planned fourth re - ing decisions that will have long-term impact Environmental Policy, and Imaging. He also search theme, Integrative Imaging, was added, on the institution,” Başar said shortly before he oversaw the completion of the Arnold O. as were two Strategic Initiatives (Imaging and lea Beckman. “In this position, I have tried to Beckman Rotunda Exhibit, located in the Social Dimensions of Environmental Policy) make decisions without the constraints of the main campus entrance to the building, which and a Developing Initiative called Healthy length of my term, even though I knew that was dedicated on April 14, 2010. Bodies, Brains, Minds, and Communities. A my commitment was only for the interim.” \e process of moving the Illinois Development O^ce was started at Beckman Başar was happy about the accomplish - Simulator Laboratory from the Beckman and a new mentoring program for graduate ments during his 20-month tenure and with building to the south campus while bringing students and postdocs was created. Başar’s the success of the many events that took place the Biomedical Imaging Center into the term also came during a very serious _scal cri - during that time, such as the 20th Anniversary Institute took place over more than a year of sis at the University of Illinois. All of these, as events and the creation of a new development Başar’s tenure and went smoothly. well as several other happenings, made for a o^ce at Beckman. Başar also pointed to a fac - Even while serving as Director, Başar demanding tenure for any Director, interim ulty retreat held in 2009 as a point of pride. continued to teach and keep his other ties to or not.

4 organizations, on and o] campus. Başar is a Aaer leaving Beckman, Başar returned to Tamer Başar served as Interim Director for the Beckman Institute from September 2008 - May 2010. Swanlund Endowed Chair Professor of his teaching and research duties full-time and Electrical and Computer Engineering at to his o^ce at the Coordinated Science Illinois, with appointments at the Center for Laboratory, located just south and east of the Advanced Study, the Coordinated Science Institute. Laboratory, and the Information Trust “I will spend most of my time there, only a Institute. step away from here, but I will always be a friend of the Beckman Institute,” he said.

5 BIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE OVERVIEW

he Biological Intelligence (BioIntel) genetics affects our ability to learn, to experi - an important area of research in BioIntel. Tresearch theme can trace its heritage ments that investigate brain function using Al Feng investigates the neural bases of back to the mid-1980s and the first formula - imaging methods. sound communication through study of a tions of the types of research that would be The wide variety of research involving unique frog in China, while Mark Nelson taking place at the soon-to-be-built Beckman biological intelligence at Beckman provided uses the electrosensory capabilities of Institute. From those early discussions to new insights this past year into cognitive weakly electric fish to understand neural today, efforts involving biological intelligence issues such as the effects of multi-tasking mechanisms. have been one of the research pillars at the (Art Kramer and Gary Dell ), the relation - Researchers who have joined BioIntel in Beckman Institute. ship between anxiety and depression ( Greg the last few years are adding to this research BioIntel research has evolved over the Miller and Wendy Heller ), and working theme’s diverse portfolio of projects. Torrey years, with advanced technologies providing memory ( Monica Fabiani , Gabriele Loucks has a research focus on stuttering , ever-increasing insight into the fundamentals Gratton , and Brad Sutton ). while José Mestre tries to understand how of brain function, down to the molecular There were studies showing how the students master a complex subject like level. At the same time, researchers within molecular workings of the brain influence physics, and Stephanie Ceman uses a cellu - BioIntel have kept a focus on issues sur - behaviors such as learning vocalization lar approach to topics such as understanding rounding higher expressions of intelligence (David Clayton and Stephanie Ceman ) and Fragile X syndrome . such as memory and learning, as well as adolescent drug use ( Justin Rhodes ). Technology is also an important part of topics involving behavior like language Biological Intelligence researchers are also research within the Biological Intelligence acquisition. translating their work into real-world solu - research theme. Many BioIntel researchers In 2010, two new co-chairs were chosen tions such as discovering new drug targets for employ functional Magnetic Resonance to lead the Biological Intelligence research treating disease ( Charles Cox ). Imaging (fMRI) and optical techniques to theme , Mark Nelson and Jennifer Cole . Ongoing research lines within BioIntel study the brain’s regions and functions dur - BioIntel research is focused around three include studies involving linguistics , such as ing experiments while others use eye-track - groups: Cognitive Science, Cognitive language comprehension ( Susan Garnsey ), ing equipment, and a rare device called an Neuroscience, and NeuroTech. The highly- language production ( Kay Bock ), computer articulometer for measuring movements of ranked Department of Psychology at the modeling of language processing ( Gary Dell ), speech articulators during speech produc - University of Illinois has more faculty mem - spoken language ( Jennifer Cole ) and spoken tion. In addition, computational modeling bers than any other home department in language acquisition ( Cynthia Fisher ), has become an integral part of their work for BioIntel , but researchers from departments speech production ( Chilin Shih ), meaning many researchers in this theme. such as Linguistics, Electrical and Computer aspects of language ( Kara Federmeier ), and The technology complements the theo - Engineering, Speech and Hearing Science, sentence processing and comprehension ries, experiments, and hard work of and Cell and Developmental Biology, are also (Kiel Christianson ); memory topics like am - Biological Intelligence researchers and their represented in this research theme. nesia ( Neal Cohen ) and the neural bases of students as they continue to shine a light into The efforts of BioIntel faculty members memory ( Brian Gonsalves ); and studies of the brain, intelligence, and behavior. involve research topics ranging from studies how we learn (Brian Ross ). Sensory input of amnesia and attention, to exploring how and how that input is used by the brain is

6 A project initiated and led by David Clayton of Beckman’s NeuroTech group is sequencing the whole genome of the zebra Inch songbird to provide new insights into vocal communication.

7 BIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE HIGHLIGHTS R E F F U A T S N A I R B .

L equivocally a^rmative.” \e experiment re - among other _ndings, showed that song com - Y B O

T quired test subjects to listen to a story through munication in the birds activates complex O H P earphones and then accurately retell it, in 30 gene regulatory networks in the brain. \e seconds or less, to their partners. \at task en - zebra _nch is an important animal model for sured meaningful language production for the understanding human vocal communication test subjects while the driving task challenged because the birds, like humans, have the rare drivers to negotiate an urban roadway envi - capacity to learn vocalizations from their eld - ronment, obey speed limits, and safely cross ers. In the case of the zebra _nch their vocal - busy intersections. “Driving negatively im - izations are songs, and the process of learning pacts story retelling as well as the process of these songs, the researchers found, activates comprehending and encoding stories into hundreds of genes that are quickly turned on long-term memory,” the researchers wrote. “In and o] as the song is learned. Clayton said summary, consistency in driving performance that the _ndings have signi_cance for under - Gary Dell and his collaborators published while dealing with speech (less driving vari - standing our own vocal communication. Indings that show driving impairs language skills for both the young and old. ability) came at the expense of accuracy in “\ere is a functional developmental parallel story retelling. When doing the speech task between the way a bird learns to sing and a only, drivers and non-drivers were equally human learns to speak,” Clayton said. “\e good at retelling. When the car was moving, avian brain is quite di]erent in super_cial de - Driving Wrecks Conversation however, drivers displayed a large decline in tail from the mammalian brain or the human Beckman Institute researchers delivered some speech-task performance.” brain, but some striking parallels have sobering news to mobile multi-taskers: either emerged.” you can drive well or conduct a meaningful Zebra Finch Proves Useful Model for conversation, but not do both at the same Study of Human Communication Working Memory Capacity and time. A growing body of research has shown A project initiated and led by a Biological the Aging Brain that talking on a cell phone impairs a person’s Intelligence research theme researcher to se - Beckman Institute researchers Monica ability to drive; now the Beckman researchers quence the whole genome of the zebra _nch Fabiani, Gabriele Gratton, and Brad Sutton, and their collaborators have shown that driv - songbird is providing new insights into vocal and student Nils Schneider were co-authors of ing impairs our ability to comprehend and communication. As reported in Nature this a 2010 paper that has important implications produce language. \eir report, titled Driving past year, the sequencing of the zebra _nch for theories on cognitive aging and working impairs talking , appeared in the Psychonomic genome—an e]ort led by NeuroTech group memory (WM) in the brain. \e paper re - Bulletin and Review. Authors of the study in - member David Clayton —was analyzed in a ported on a project that quantitatively investi - cluded Biological Intelligence research theme large multi-university collaboration that, gated predictions made by a theory of WM members Gary Dell, Kathryn Bock, and

Susan Garnsey, as well as Beckman Institute R E F F U

Director Art Kramer . \e study was con - A T S N A

ducted using the driving simulator at I R B . Beckman’s Illinois Simulator Laboratory. \e L Y B O T

experiment’s parameters made both driving O H and language production priorities for the P test subjects, who consisted of 96 drivers and an equal number of conversation partners. \e results showed, as the authors write, that when it comes to “whether driving an auto - mobile interferes with the ability to process and remember language” the answer is “un -

Beckman researcher David Clayton led and initiated a large multi-university collaboration that showed song communication in zebra Inches activates complex gene regulatory networks in the brain.

8 R E F F U A T S N A I R B . L Y B O T O H P

that the combination of depression and which type of anxiety the subject has produces another sort of brain pattern. Miller said the results showed that the particular type of anxi - ety a person has may help processing in one Illinois alumna Anna S. Engels (not pictured) and Beckman researchersWendy Heller and Gregory Miller part of the brain while hurting it in another found that worry and fear alter patterns of brain activity associated with depression. part. “Sometimes worry is a good thing to do,” Miller said. “Maybe it will get you to plan better. Maybe it will help you to focus better. Understanding Effects of Anxiety called Compensation-Related Utilization of \ere could be an upside to these things.” Neural Circuits Hypothesis, or CRUNCH, on Depression Anxiety and depression are oaen linked in using memory search tasks, older and younger Potential Drug Target for Alzheimer’s studies but viewed as separate psychiatric dis - test subjects, and functional Magnetic Disease Discovered orders. A recent study led by Greg Miller and Resonance Imaging (fMRI). \e researchers Charles Cox of the NeuroTech group and his Wendy Heller of the Cognitive Neuroscience were working with the CRUNCH-based hy - collaborator Kevin Xiang have found a group using functional Magnetic Resonance potheses that over-recruitment and under-re - potential drug target for treating Alzheimer’s: Imaging (fMRI) showed just how much the cruitment of brain areas commonly observed a receptor protein that o]ers a binding target two disorders are intertwined in the brains of between younger and older adults may re`ect for a protein fragment long associated with the those su]ering from them. Using the MRI ma - age-related di]erences in processing capacity, disease. Cox and Xiang, colleagues at the chines from Beckman’s Biomedical Imaging or ability, and that these di]erences in recruit - Department of Molecular and Integrative Center, the researchers studied two types of ment of brain areas in older adults are “ex - Physiology at the University of Illinois, anxiety (worry and anxious arousal) and de - plained in terms of the relative activation focused on the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, pression, dividing test subjects into three cate - necessary to cope with the task and to com - _nding that it binds to the protein fragment, gories: only anxious, only depressed, and those pensate for de_cits.” Understanding issues amyloid-beta, that has long been associated who had symptoms of both. \e results such as compensation and age-related di]er - with Alzheimer’s disease; plaques formed from showed many new _ndings: the type of anxi - ences in processing memory is crucial for re - amyloid-beta aggregation have recently been ety a person has modi_es the patterns of brain searchers investigating cognitive aging, linked to neuronal toxicity and been shown to activity in depression; that patterns in the especially when it comes to working memory impair neuronal function in animal models. brains of a worried subject were much di]er - and cognitive decline. \is study found Studies have shown that amyloid-beta can lead ent than those of an anxious arousal subject; “strong quantitative support for CRUNCH to increased activity via the AMPA receptor and in particular for the relative utilization of

neural networks depending on performance” R E F F U

and that the “individualized span analysis pro - A T S N

Beckman researcher A vides an even stronger quantitative support for I R B . CRUNCH.” \e researchers report that the Charles Cox (right) L Y B

and his collaborator O T

analysis of the working memory span in the O H subjects “shows that the di]erences in the Yang (Kevin) Xiang P have found a poten - brain-activation-by-memory-load function tial new drug target between younger and older adults can be en - for the treatment of tirely accounted for by di]erences in span Alzheimer’s disease. across individuals, regardless of their age. When these di]erences are taken into account, the curves for younger and older adults are virtually identical.” \e results mean that they found no special mechanism that accounted for the di]erent pattern of brain activity in older adults with respect to younger adults; rather the di]erences were explained by rela - tive task di^culty and individual di]erences, not age di]erences.

9 Rat hippocampal neuron in culture imaged by Spatial Light Interference Microscopy. Image provided by the Neuroengineering IGERT.

sometimes take in our surroundings in Beckman Researchers Land “waves” rather than “streams” of conscious - IGERT Neuroengineering Program ness. Researchers from Beckman’s Cognitive Neuroengineering, the joining together of Neuroscience group reported in 2009 on the neuroscience, computation and engineering, discovery of a pulsed inhibition mechanism in is a rapidly emerging _eld that holds great The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (green) spans the cell the brain, a _nding that showed the visual sys - potential for advancing research in a num - membrane (orange and blue). In this visualization, a tem oaen fails to perceive normally detectable ber of areas, as well as leading to applications binding pocket in the receptor interacts with a beta-blocker visual stimuli from the environment because like futuristic medical devices based on (red, gray and blue molecule near the center).The new the brain samples the visual environment in brain-machine interfaces. In 2009 Illinois study found that amyloid-beta, a protein fragment linked rhythmic “frames” rather than continuously. became a focal point for this exciting new to the detrimental eHects of Alzheimer’s disease, binds to a In 2010 a second paper reported that these _eld when the National Science Foundation diHerent region on the beta-2 adrenergic receptor. rhythmic frames can be entrained to external awarded a _ve-year Integrative Graduate signals and induce an increase in visual sensi - Education and Research Traineeship pro - which, like the beta-2 adrenergic receptor, is tivity at the precise moment in time in which a gram grant (IGERT) to the University of found in the membranes of neurons and other visual event is expected to happen. Authors of Illinois to train future researchers how to cells. \e problem with _nding an e]ective the paper were Diane Beck, Monica Fabiani, collaborate in interdisciplinary neuroengi - Alzheimer’s drug target receptor is that AMPA and Gabriele Gratton from the Cognitive neering projects. More than 60 Illinois fac - receptors bind to the most common neuro - Neuroscience group, Alejandro Lleras from ulty members are associated with the transmitter in the brain, glutamate, so drugs the Human Perception and Performance training program, which is led by Beckman targeting AMPA receptors would likely lead to group, and graduate student Kyle Mathewson. Institute faculty members Doug Jones as its widespread, unwanted side e]ects because \eir experiments showed that the observed principal investigator (PI) and co-PIs they would not allow glutamate to continue to e]ect of rhythmic frames can be controlled Monica Fabiani and Todd Coleman, along do its job. Cox and his collaborators made the through entraining the brain and that this en - with Bob Wickesberg from the Department discovery that amyloid-beta binds to beta-2 trainment may, as they wrote in their paper, of Psychology. In the program, which was adrenergic receptors and alters activity medi - “represent a mechanism by which temporal at - launched in the fall of 2009, engineering stu - ated by AMPA receptors, a connection which tention is tuned to produce temporally-precise dents learn about neuroscience while stu - leads to increased neuronal activity and, ulti - peaks in visual sensitivity, to both anticipate dents with a neuroscience background learn mately, could lead to neuronal toxicity. By and optimize visual processing of brief visual about facets of engineering that could be ap - knocking out the beta-2 adrenergic receptors events. Rhythmic visual entrainment has a plied to neuroengineering research. Students in animal models, the researchers found that dramatic e]ect on visual sensitivity, providing in the program take courses in three succes - amyloid-beta no longer changes the activity us with a powerful technique to experimen - sive semesters, beginning with a basic signal mediated by AMPA receptors. Dampening the tally control with _ne temporal precision analysis course for the neuroscientists and a activity of beta-2 adrenergic receptors with whether or not near-threshold stimuli reach basic neuroscience course for the engineers. beta blocking drug treatments is currently conscious awareness.” \e results are the _rst \e next semester students specialize in the used as a treatment for heart arrhythmias and evidence that the brain rhythms of the visual three research areas of the IGERT program: hypertension, but had not been studied closely system can be entrained to have control over audition, brain machine interfaces, and before for its possible role in the association the visibility of stimuli. Beck said that means neuroimaging. \e third semester features between amyloid-beta and Alzheimer’s. that “the brain can synchronize its waves of pairs of one engineering student and one consciousness to predictable rhythmic events.” neuroscience student working on individual Seeing the World in Waves of Consciousness A research line at the Beckman Institute is challenging beliefs about how our visual sys - tems interpret the world, showing that we

Image created by Kyle Mathewson to accompany the research on how visual systems interpret the world.

10 Beckman faculty member, Justin Rhodes (front row, Irst person on the left), and his research group at the Beckman Institute.

projects. \e three research thrusts of the pro - ferences in locomotor stimulation e]ects and gram feature two areas that are strengths at in neural activity. \e _ndings have implica - Illinois, audition and neuroimaging, and a tions for understanding the neural mecha - third, brain-machine interfaces, that is on the nisms underlying addiction, especially for leading edge of where human-technology in - those who experiment with drugs at an early teraction is headed. \e program and grant age. According to the researchers, adolescents proposal to NSF had its genesis in informal displayed “dramatically reduced sensitivity to discussions between Jones and Coleman, lead - the acute locomotor stimulating e]ects of co - ing to the proposal that won out in an intense caine and methamphetamine,” and greater competition for the IGERT grant, which totals neural activity compared to adults given the $3M over the _ve years. same dose. Other studies have shown that re - duced sensitivity is a predictor of future addic - Biological Insight into Patterns of tion. Rhodes said that by revealing the locale Adolescent Drug Use and the di]ering e]ects of the drugs on the Research in the Rhodes Lab focuses on the neurobiology of Justin Rhodes of the NeuroTech group re - brains of these two groups, the research is a physical exercise and drug abuse using laboratory mouse models. ported on research showing stark di]erences step toward describing the workings of those in the neural patterns and behavior of adoles - mechanisms. \e _ndings were reported in a cent and adult mice given cocaine and paper in Neuroscience. One of the study’s displayed greater neural activity and less sensi - methamphetamine, a _nding that provides biggest _ndings is the locale of the neural ac - tivity to the e]ects of the drugs is important important biological insights into the dangers tivity produced by the drugs. Developing because less sensitivity in an adolescent of youthful drug use in humans. Rhodes and brains have more dopamine receptors—key in human brain means there is less chance of an his collaborators showed for the _rst time that the body’s system of rewards—than those of aversive reaction the _rst time they try a drug in a part of the brain that plays a role in addic - adults; those receptors project from the ventral like cocaine—a fact that could make it more tion, adolescent and adult male mice given mid-brain to nerve cells in the striatum. likely they will try them a second time. equal doses of the drugs showed marked dif - Rhodes said the fact that the adolescent mice

11 The Beckman organizational structure allowed the Intelligent Hearing Aid project to !ourish. Then to solve an engineering problem using a biological principle is just doubly sweet.

12 FENG A LEADER IN COMBINING BIOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

t an institute dedicated to the proposition learning that, unlike most frogs, the females Feng had served on a Long-Range Athat an interdisciplinary approach to re - also vocalize to communicate with and attract Strategic Planning Committee at the National search works best, Al Feng might just be the males and that Odorrana tormota have a nearly Institutes of Health on hearing and deafness most interdisciplinary researcher of them all. limitless vocal repertoire. \ey also are able to disorders, and learned about problems people Feng’s CV boasts an electrical engineering de - produce a variety of calls and distinguish calls were having with the performance of their gree that had a focus on biomedicine, Ph.D. of individual males with a precision that rivals hearing aids, especially when it came to un - and postdoctoral work involving physiology animals like dolphins and even humans. derstanding speech in noisy environments, and neuroscience, and research as an original When asked to choose which of these two also known as the cocktail party problem. member of the Beckman Institute that pro - research feats was most satisfying to him, Feng “As an engineer trained in biomedical en - duced a medical engineering marvel and the answered like a proud parent. gineering and knowing the state of the art of discovery of a unique capability in the animal “I got equal pleasure in both accomplish - electronics, I just could not believe there was a kingdom. ments, in the technology development as well de_ciency in the performance of an electronic Feng joined the Institute a few months be - as the pursuit of science,” he answered. gadget like that,” Feng said. “I remember fore it o^cially opened in the spring of 1989 Feng’s journey from electrical engineering speaking to Bruce and he could not believe it and was a founding member of the Neuronal to neurobiology in the 1970s was unusual for its either. He said ‘no way; we can build any Pattern Analysis group at Beckman, the pred - time but not as circuitous at it may seem. As gadget.’ ecessor to his current NeuroTech group. He is part of his master’s degree from Miami, Feng “\en we met with Charissa Lansing from one of the world’s leading researchers in the was required to build biomedical devices and Speech and Hearing Science and basically she neural bases of sound communication, a fact he kept veering more toward biology while con_rmed that it is a serious problem because that led to his involvement in two seemingly earning a Ph.D. at Cornell that had him qualify people will always tell you, ‘yeah the hearing disparate but major groundbreaking research for a doctorate in both electrical engineering aid has helped me to hear but it doesn’t help e]orts. One was that engineering marvel, an and neurobiology. me to understand.’ \at really was the trigger intelligent hearing aid that works in noisy en - “While at Miami, I was exposed to extensive for the Intelligent Hearing Aid project.” vironments, and the other the discovery that a use of electronic gadgets in medical practices A visit with then Beckman Institute Chinese frog could communicate using ultra - and the understanding that the human body re - Director Jiri Jonas helped get the project sound, the _rst time an amphibian had been ally relies on a lot of electrical signaling for the rolling and within three years year they had a shown to have that capability. functioning of the heart and the brain, in par - hearing aid prototype, using an algorithm in - But those two breakthroughs in seemingly ticular, and other parts of the body,” Feng said. spired by Feng’s work on the ability of frogs to di]erent arenas—the hearing aid involved “\ere I found my background in electrical en - localize and distinguish sounds in a noisy en - biomedical engineering and the frog discov - gineering to be very handy.” vironment. \e biomimetic, or biologically-in - ery biology, including _eld studies of the crea - Feng later joined the University of Illinois as spired, signal-processing algorithms and two tures in their remote habitat in rural a member of what is now called the directional microphones were used in the China—are related. Feng’s early research into Department of Molecular and Integrative hearing aid to extract the desired signals from the neural bases of communication in frogs Physiology, from which he retired earlier this a noisy environment. Feng liked the interdisci - played a role in designing the Intelligent year. When he _rst came to Beckman more plinary nature of the project, both in the sci - Hearing Aid, a device which received national than two decades ago, Feng believed his days of ence and the team members. attention and was later licensed by a large inventing and designing gadgets were over. “\at was truly satisfying because that hearing technology company. “In the beginning I didn’t think I would showed the power of teamwork too,” Feng And aaer that project was done, a now venture back to the engineering side,” Feng said. said. “\at also shows the Beckman model is yearly journey to China to study a unique frog “I thought for awhile that an engineering feat really the right model to pursue this kind of species, called Odorrana tormota , produced was not going to be something I would accom - science and technology development because another accomplishment that resulted in plish.” clearly we have shown that teamwork gets the worldwide attention. Feng and his collabora - But as oaen happens at Beckman, good job done. \e Beckman organizational struc - tors found that the males of the species com - things happen to those who collaborate. So he ture allowed this thing to `ourish. municated using ultrasound as well as audible was well-prepared for the Intelligent Hearing “\en to solve an engineering problem frequencies, something scientists had thought Aid project when he and Beckman colleagues using a biological principle is just doubly only certain species such as bats and dolphins Bruce Wheeler and Charissa Lansing led a team sweet,” he added with a laugh. could do. \ey followed that discovery by that brought it to life in 1992.

13 HUMAN-COMPUTER INTELLIGENT INTERACTION OVERVIEW

omputer technology has become so in - The projects within HCII are as diverse as have on our lives. Kramer led studies looking Cterwoven into the fabric of 21 st Century any of Beckman’s four research themes. They at the ways in which cell phone usage dis - life that its influence isn’t always known and are as far-reaching as developing sensors for tracted drivers. A new research line looking at advances in applications like electronic de - underwater vehicles based on an adaptation the effects of cell phones and other electronic vices are often taken for granted. Recent re - fish use to sense water flow (Doug Jones) , to devices on pedestrians produced its first search highlights in the Human-Computer studying the effects on cognition of factors paper this past year. Intelligent Interaction (HCII) research theme like the impact physical goals can have on our As with cell phones, much of the research testify to that pervasive influence, including mental states (Edward McAuley) . taking place in HCII has a direct impact on studies such as how cell phones distract Then, of course, there is the advanced people’s lives. Jont Allen is working to im - pedestrians and the role brain volume plays in technology found within HCII. In 2010, a prove hearing aid technology while Deana video game success . humanoid robot called an iCub was added to McDonagh ’s efforts involving students with But projects within HCII involve more researcher Steve Levinson ’s Language disabilities in her industrial design classes has than just the immediate human-computer in - Acquisition and Robotics Laboratory, making led to innovative designs for people with dis - teractions obvious all around us in the forms it the only research group in America to be abilities. HCII researchers like McAuley and of laptops and digital cameras. They also in - awarded one of the highly advanced robots. Charles Hillman are studying the cognitive volve studies of the effects of social interac - The iCub , which costs around $300,000, was benefits of exercise while Elizabeth Stine- tion on cognitive function, and investigations awarded to the lab for research into language Morrow looks at the beneficial effects that of the visual, both how humans process the acquisition and other aspects of human learn - team problem-solving can have for older world around them and how computers can ing free of charge for 99 years. It is designed in adults . learn to recognize objects in images through both size and capabilities to simulate the way Researchers from HCII were also part of newly-developed algorithms. a human toddler learns about their world. the popular entertainment world in 2010. The main mission of the Human- Perhaps no computer technology is more Dan Simons co-authored a popular psychol - Computer Intelligent Interaction research omnipresent than cell phones, and HCII fac - ogy book called The Invisible Gorilla based on theme is to enhance those interactions through ulty members like Kramer have pioneered re - his work involving attention, memory, and vi - research and technology development in three search into the effect these ubiquitous devices sual perception that drew praise from review - main groups: Artificial Intelligence, ers in the New York Times and Human Perception and Performance, numerous other publications. and Image Formation and Processing. Pierre Moulin ’s contribution to Co-chairs for HCII are Tom Huang and popular culture is truly invisible, Dan Morrow, who was chosen in 2010 as he develops software that im - to replace Art Kramer, who was named prints digital fingerprints in Beckman Institute Director in May. movies for piracy prevention. The influence of HCII researchers is felt far beyond the Beckman Institute. Three The image at right is from Charles Hillman’s research that studies the cognitive beneIts HCII faculty members, of exercise.

14 Narendra Ahuja , Jiawei Han, and Huang, The variety of projects within the Human- The iCub joined Stephen Levinson’s Language received the HP Labs Innovation Research Computer Intelligent Interaction research Acquisition and Robotics Laboratory in February, 2010. Levinson’s lab has the only iCub in the United Award in 2009. In addition, Huang and Mark theme are advancing research and technology States and North America and is the only research Hasegawa-Johnson led a team of researchers in areas as diverse as human brain function group using one to study language acquisition. from NEC Labs America and the Beckman and cognition, computer vision and process - Institute that was ranked first in two interna - ing, and how it is humans learn to navigate tional evaluations of algorithms for solving the world. challenging visual recognition tasks: TRECVID (Video Event Detection), and PASCAL visual object classification.

15 HUMAN-COMPUTER INTELLIGENT INTERACTION HIGHLIGHTS E T U T I T S N I C I N H C E T Y L O P R E A L E S S N E R : T I D E R C

Left: Video game Space Fortress, developed at the University of Illinois, requires players to try to destroy a fortress without losing their own ship to one of several potential hazards.The game can be manipulated to test various aspects of cognition. Above: MRI scans reveal the brain structures analyzed in the gaming study: nucleus accumbens (orange), putamen (red), Brain Volume Predictive of Video Game caudate nucleus (blue), and hippocampus (green). Photo courtesy Cerebral Cortex. Rights-protected image. Contact Oxford Success University Press. Video gamers may think hand-eye coordina - Body Movements Affect Cognition problem. \e experiment featured subjects tion is the key to scoring points but the vol - Alejandro Lleras of the Human Perception trying to solve a problem, with the problem- ume of a particular part of their brains may be and Performance group has shown in previ - solving sessions separated by 20 seconds of ex - Art Kramer the best barometer of success. of ous research that directing the eye move - ercise that featured one group of subjects the Human Perception and Performance ments of test subjects a]ected their cognitive swinging their arms forward and backward group was a co-principal investigator of a processes when it came to problem-solving— and another group doing arm stretches. \e multi-institutional research project that dis - challenging the idea that cognitive function subjects doing the arm-swinging were activat - covered that the volume of particular parts of always controls eye movements. In 2009 ing a part of their brain that unconsciously re - the striatum were predictive of performance Lleras and his former graduate student Laura quired them to think about that type of and learning rates on a video game called \omas reported that the concept also applies motion while problem-solving. \e results Space Fortress. \e game was developed at the to body movement through their study show - demonstrated that directed movements can University of Illinois and the functional ing that directing test subjects to swing their guide a high level cognitive processing task Magnetic Resonance Imaging measurements arms helped them solve complex problems. It like problem-solving without the person being of the subject’s brains were done at Beckman’s was the _rst research to demonstrate how a aware of it. Biomedical Imaging Center. \e researchers person moves can a]ect their ability to solve a looked at the volume of brain structure in

three di]erent parts of the striatum in test sub - R E F F U

jects divided into two groups of game players A T S N A trained on two versions of Space Fortress. \e I R B . L

results showed that those subjects with larger Y B O T

brain volume in the part of the striatum asso - O H ciated with rewards did better in the early part P of the training period, while those with larger volume in areas associated with learning new skills did better throughout the training pe - riod. Kirk Erickson, a former graduate student of Kramer’s who is now at the University of Pittsburgh, said the results provide insight into more than how the brain works when learning to play a video game. “\is study tells us a lot about how the brain works when it is trying to learn a complex task,” Erickson said. “We can use information about the brain to predict who is going to learn certain tasks at a more Beckman faculty member Alejandro Lleras led research that demonstrated that physical movements, such as eye rapid rate.” movements or arm swinging, can aid in problem solving. 16 Creating Tools for the Visually Digital Fingerprinting Impaired to Learn Math of Movies \e work of Human Perception and As you watch a crime Performance group member Deana scene investigator in a McDonagh introducing students with movie look for evidence, disabilities to the _eld of industrial design has know that the movie itself led to a career path change for at least one of is providing a clue toward those students and a potentially life-changing crime prevention. Most Pierre Moulin, a member of Beckman’s Image Formation and Processing group, is a leader in“digital Ingerprinting” methods. creation for children with visual impairments. movies today include an Sheila Schneider’s experience as a student in on-screen yet invisible McDonagh’s Disability + Relevant Design class anti-piracy digital _nger - Creating an Underwater Sensor Inspired inspired her to become the _rst legally blind print that stamps the individual theater show - by Fish student to major in sculpture at the University ing the motion picture—a technology that is Using biomimetics, or nature-inspired, tech - of Illinois’s School of Art and Design where being advanced by Beckman Institute re - nology, Doug Jones from the Image McDonagh is a faculty member. As part of a searcher Pierre Moulin’ s research into the Formation and Processing Group collaborated project directed by McDonagh, Schneider is forensics of video and images. Moulin, a with former Beckman researcher Chang Liu creating small sculptures imprinted with member of the Image Formation and from Northwestern to create a pressure sensor mathematical and scienti_c symbols in Braille. Processing group at Beckman, is a leader in that could be used for navigation and detec - \e aim of the project is to help the 12 million decoding those clues through his research into tion in underwater vehicles. \e pressure sen - children with visual impairments learn mathe - information hiding and extraction in images sor created by Jones and Liu uses arti_cial matics by giving them a hands-on experience and video. Moulin describes a digital _nger - neuromasts patterned aaer the lateral-line, with the sculptures. \e sculptures follow print as “an invisible pattern superimposed hair-like sensors composed of receptor cells McDonagh’s theory of empathic design, which onto the image in the case of image _nger - called neuromasts that run along the bodies of takes the users’s needs into account during the printing, or an inaudible pattern in the case of _sh. Fish use neuromasts to sense `ow _eld design process. \e process began with audio.” He said that once a pirated DVD is ob - around them, detecting pressure changes and Schneider sculpting balsa foam cube models tained, then the question becomes one of how movement of water, which allows them to that were turned into 3-D computer images to extract the digital _ngerprint from it. sense depth and current direction. It is a capa - for modeling bronze sculptures that will be Moulin has developed applications for extract - bility that could come in handy for underwa - used by teachers of visually impaired students ing digital _ngerprints that need to be both in - ter vehicles operating in murky waters with in the classroom to determine their e]ective - visible and detectable. Moulin’s digital low visibility. \e sensor array created by Jones ness, as well as user factors such as where to _ngerprinting methods are based on mathe - and Liu uses a piezoresistor composed of lat - place the symbols. Since most math instruc - matical theories and algorithms and are cur - eral-lined, boron-treated silicon “hairs” that tion for the visually impaired is currently done rently in use worldwide. Hiding information generate signals when a]ected by the move - with abacuses, the sculptures could become such as digital _ngerprints in a movie and ex - ment of water. \e resistance of the hairs a unique new tool to introduce mathe - tracting that information when the need arises change in response to the water movement, matics and science to a part of the is the key focus of work in information and the force of the water can then be calcu - population that has tradition - forensics. “It is a _eld that is quite mul - lated. \e technology could be used for under - ally been underrepre - tidisciplinary because it addresses is - water robots or robot submarines to help them sented in those sues that pertain to content of images detect potentially hazardous objects when low _elds. and video and how you present them visibility adversely a]ects cameras or the ob - e^ciently, and also to coding techniques ject is too close for sonar to be e]ective. and information theory,” Moulin said. “\ere are several _elds that are essential to doing this kind of work.”

An example of a small sculpture that is imprinted with mathematical and scientiIc symbols in Braille.The sculpture was created by Sheila Schneider, a student in Beckman faculty member Deana McDonagh’s Disability + Relevant Design class. The image above describes research by Beckman faculty member Doug Jones and his collaborators. 17 Mark Neider (above) and Art Kramer from the Human Perception and Performance group explore the topic of pedestrian distraction while using cell phones or listen - ing to music.

Pedestrians Distracted by Cell Phones Rare iCub Humanoid Robot Joins skills and sensors are so advanced that it re - As past Beckman Institute research showed Beckman sponds to touch (key for acquiring language, cell phone use distracts drivers, a new research It was a more than year-long process of writ - such as when learning to di]erentiate between line is showing the same hazardous e]ect for ing proposals, competing against top research a hard object and a soa object), uses its articu - pedestrians. Using a modi_ed treadmill in the labs from around the world, waiting for the lated hands for dexterous manipulation, and CAVE TM virtual reality environment at humanoid robot prize to be awarded, and then uses its fully articulated head and eyes for de - Beckman’s Illinois Simulator Laboratory, re - _nally shipped from Italy to the Beckman tection and navigation in the world. All of searchers Art Kramer and Mark Neider from Institute. But with the arrival of the iCub in these skills and sensory abilities are designed the Human Perception and Performance February of 2010, the Language Acquisition to mimic those of a human infant, so that re - group reported on the results of test subjects and Robotics Laboratory at Beckman led by searchers can gain insights into the ways lan - engaging in the dual tasks of talking on a cell Stephen Levinson was handed the keys to a guage and other skills are acquired by a child: phone or listening to music on an iPod while rare research tool for investigating language through interactions with the world around it, they tried to cross a virtual reality street. \e acquisition, as well as other topics related to by learning about its own body movements researchers found that talking on a cell phone how humans learn to navigate their worlds. and motor skills, and by absorbing knowledge was in fact a distraction while trying to cross Levinson’s lab was awarded the iCub, a highly from its “parent-teachers”, in this case the lab the street but that listening to an iPod was not. advanced humanoid robot that is intentionally members. \e Levinson lab is the only re - \e experiments did not result in any of the the same size as a human toddler, for 99 years search group in the western Hemisphere test subjects colliding with a virtual car or by a European robot research consortium to awarded an iCub, and it is the only lab in the being distracted while listening to music, but study language acquisition and other issues re - world using one to study language acquisition. the study was the _rst in an ongoing research lated to human learning. \e iCub’s motor line, so future results should add more infor - mation on those issues. Regardless, the re - searchers said, these initial results show that trying to perform two tasks, especially one as potentially hazardous as crossing a street, should be done with caution.“\at’s why we began this, as a way to look at yet another au - tomatic behavior that we assume is impenetra - ble,” Kramer said. “But, with respect to distraction, it is not impenetrable because, when this behavior is in the context of the real world, you really do have to pay attention to what’s going on. We are not, evidently, experts on paying attention to vehicles when we are crossing the street.”

Graduate students Lydia Majure and Logan Niehaus of the Language Acquisition and Robotics Laboratory are shown checking out the iCub.

18 Mastering Physical Activity also Plays Role in Reducing Disease-related The image at left was provided by Depression Art Kramer and graduate student, While it is known that a person su]ering MichelleVoss. It supports their from depression can bene_t from exercise, research that shows social activi - an important corollary to that intervention ties and volunteerism can provide cognitive beneIts. technique, according to Ed McAuley of the Human Perception and Performance group, is that a belief in one’s own ability, or self- e^cacy, when it comes to exercise can also be instrumental in reducing depression. McAuley’s research has previously shown that increased physical activity also increases self- Social Activities and Volunteerism Can adults hope for improving cognitive function e^cacy and a sense of well-being. In 2009 he Improve Brain Function through participation in volunteering and was lead author of a study involving subjects Older adults who volunteer can not only help other social service activities: “\ese pilot with diseases showing that physical activity those they are trying to serve, but they can results provide proof of concept for use- also in`uenced their levels of depression and also gain important cognitive bene_ts for dependent brain plasticity in later life, and, fatigue by increasing self-e^cacy. By analyzing themselves. Beckman Institute Director Art that interventions designed to promote health data from previously published studies involv - Kramer and his graduate student Michelle and function through everyday activity may ing breast cancer survivors and people diag - Voss were part of a multi-university study that enhance plasticity in key regions that support nosed with multiple sclerosis, the researchers looked at whether the social service program executive function.” \e study is the _rst to found a correlation between higher levels of Experience Corps could improve age-vulnera - test the e]ects of the program on brain and physical activity and higher self-e^cacy, as ble executive functions and whether increased cognition. Experience Corps is a national pro - well as lower levels of depression and fatigue. cognitive and physical activity could increase gram with the mission of engaging “people When self-e^cacy was controlled for, they dis - activity in brain regions for a high-risk group, over 55 in meeting their communities’ greatest covered signi_cantly reduced e]ects of physi - in this case older females who were volunteers challenges.” cal activity on fatigue and depression. \e with the program. Using functional Magnetic results show that gaining a sense of mastering Resonance Imaging, the researchers report Edward McAuley, a member in the Human Perception and the physical activity can help to reduce depres - they were able to demonstrate “intervention- Performance group at the Beckman Institute. sion and fatigue. speci_c short-term gains in executive function and in the activity of prefrontal cortical re - gions in older adults at elevated risk for cogni - tive impairment” in the test subjects. \e Experience Corps volunteers, who were serv - ing as tutors for public school children in Baltimore schools, had low education, low in - come, and other factors indicative of a risk for cognitive impairment in older adulthood. \e researchers write that this study gives older

19 I instantly understood what the Institute was about and what its founding principles were. It was abundantly clear to me that this was the only place in the world for me.

20 LEVINSON PLOTS HIS COURSE FOR SUCCESS

hen he talks about his love for sailing, years to study language acquisition in a way first began there in the 1980s, had to be pur - WStephen Levinson makes it seem like that has never been done before: having a sued on his own time . nothing else exists when his sailboat, the robot learn language as a child would. The In an event that proved to be fortuitous Sylphide, is cruising at top speed on an Levinson proposal for one of 10 iCubs won for Levinson and the field of language acqui - Atlantic Ocean summer’s day and he’s hold - out over many larger research groups in a sition, the breakup of Bell’s parent company, ing onto the rigging of the forward sail . worldwide competition because of their AT&T, forced him to look elsewhere. His “One of my favorite things to do is focus on studying language acquisition. It boss at the time, Jim Flanagan , just happened when we’re really sailing along and going as also helped that Levinson spent the summer to be on the first advisory committee for the fast as the boat can possibly go, is to go up of 2007 preparing the proposal with the help new Beckman Institute. on the foredeck and hold onto the forestay of Vernon, then head of the RobotCub proj - “I said ‘Jim, what the hell am I going to and just look up at the shape of the headsail,” ect that created the iCub. do’ and he said ‘well you ought to look into Levinson said. “There is just something I The iCub is a robotic version of a human the University of Illinois; it’s a great place,’” can’t describe. It’s a feeling you get, to see the toddler with anthropomorphically correct Levinson recalled. “I said ‘I don’t want to go shape of the sail and to feel the force of the body parts, articulated hands for manipulat - there; I want to stay in the northeast.’ And he wind pulling the boat through the water, is ing objects , and sensors that provide sight, said ‘you really ought to go to the University priceless.” sound, and touch information to the robot’s of Illinois. They have built a palace out there.’ But those moments don’t make up computing system . What he was referring to was the Beckman Levinson’s entire summer break. Some of “The thing about the iCub, if you com - Institute.” this Beckman Institute robotics researcher’s pare it to the robots we built, this robot is After some recruiting from a Beckman most important work, in fact, is done in his fully humanoid and it has a much richer sen - original, Tom Huang, Levinson came to seaside condominium in Mystic, Conn. , and sory motor periphery,” Levinson said. “And Illinois for an interview. at conferences in the summer . the idea is that with much more information “When I left the Beckman Institute I said Levinson spends the academic year as a coming in from the outside world and with a this is the only place in the world I should faculty member in the Beckman Institute’s much greater capability of manipulating the possibly go,” Levinson said. “I instantly un - Artificial Intelligence group and at the outside world, it opens up the opportunity to derstood what the Institute was about and Department of Electrical and Computer really head more toward natural language. what its founding principles were. It was Engineering at the University of Illinois. But We can explore things that we couldn’t possi - abundantly clear to me that this was the only when Levinson tells colleagues and others bly have explored before.” place in the world for me. ” that he spends his summers in Mystic sailing Unlike other robots, the iCub won’t be Levinson said his transition from indus - along the eastern seaboard, they often as - programmed to accomplish tasks but rather try to university professor and researcher has sume it is one long, leisurely holiday, or some programmed to “learn” on its own , through “gone pretty much according to plan but kind of refuge from his professional life. interactions with the world , such things as there was a lot of serendipity.” The most “The truth of the matter is that it cer - the meaning of verbs—just as a human tod - serendipitous moment was his meeting with tainly is a change of pace and it certainly is a dler learns language. Vernon. change of venue but some of the most im - “I can honestly say that this is the most “He said ‘you really ought to apply to our portant things I’ve done since I’ve been at exciting event in my entire research career,” institute for an iCub.’ That was out of the Illinois have been worked out during sum - Levinson said of the iCub acquisition. blue; that wasn’t even on my radar screen,” mers,” Levinson said. “For example, my “Unqualified, I can say that it is. And I’ve Levinson said. “I had no idea that the meeting with David Vernon was at a confer - been at it for awhile.” RobotCub consortium existed and had no ence that took place in July. I spent the rest Awhile in Levinson’s case means first get - idea that the iCub had been designed. That of the summer talking to him and working ting hooked on research in his undergraduate was really huge because we were outgrowing out with him how I should go about applying days at Harvard, continuing through an engi - the robots that we had built and all of a sud - for the iCub.” neering Ph.D. at the University of Rhode den this opportunity came along out of The iCub is a highly advanced humanoid Island that also included an introduction to nowhere. You could say that luck favors the robot that is the gem of Levinson’s Language speech and hearing science, and into a 23- prepared mind but that was really something Acquisition and Robotics Laboratory at year stint at Bell Labs. Levinson describes that was not according to plan. It’s really Beckman. It was created (at a cost of about Bell Labs as a paradise for researchers during opened up new horizons. It’s like a rebirth of $300,000) by a European robotics consor - the time he worked there, but his interest in the whole project. ” tium and given to Levinson’s lab free for 99 using robotics to understand language, which

21 INTEGRATIVE IMAGING OVERVIEW

Stephen Boppart and Zhi-Pei Liang, Co-chairs for Integrative Imaging, write that the theme’s mission is to “foster the interdis - ciplinary discovery of fundamental princi - ples in imaging science, new enabling technologies for the next generation of imag - ing instruments, and novel techniques for basic and translational research.” IntIm in - cludes members who use imaging technol - ogy for research and other scientific purposes and others who are involved in the design , engineering , and optimization of im - aging instruments and methods, and some he Integrative Imaging (IntIm) research that imaging plays in conducting science in the who are engaged in both efforts . Ttheme was created in 2009 to take advan - 21 st Century. Recent research highlights from IntIm tage of the people, ideas, and resources at the The Integrative Imaging research theme in - include Stephen Boppart’s use of an optical Beckman Institute in the realm of imaging cludes research work in topics that directly coherence tomography (OCT) system for as - modalities and research. In a scientific world apply to advancing imaging methods , such as sessing tumor margins in resected breast tis - that increasingly depends on the visual , imag - working on ways to improve ultrasound and sue in real-time during operating room ing instruments and techniques enhance the magnetic resonance imaging techniques, while procedures. This past year, Boppart’s system ability to do good science by giving researchers creating novel uses for methods like computed was validated during a hospital study. new and better visualization tools. In addition, tomography (CT), and optical imaging. Boppart and his collaborators also developed efforts in IntIm for the advancement of imag - Researchers from fields as varied as materi - a noninvasive contrast agent for use with ing technologies leads to improved applica - als science, kinesiology, and neuroscience are OCT, MRI and other imaging systems that tions in real world settings such as cancer involved in the IntIm research theme, with employs magnetic nanoparticles. clinics. As the first new research theme at work focused around two main groups: the IntIm researcher Ning Wang also works Beckman in 15 years, Integrative Imaging has Bioacoustics Research Laboratory (BRL) and at the smallest scales in projects that poten - already become an important part of the the Bioimaging Science and Technology group tially have big applications in the world of Institute’s research mission because of the role (BST). medicine. Wang reported in 2009 on how

22 using small mechanical forces can have an ef - fect on stem cells. Researcher Gabriel Popescu took existing imaging methods such as mi - croscopy and light scattering techniques and used them in innovative ways in order to gain insight into biological processes; two papers from Popescu and his collaborators in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2010 provided new insight into how red blood cells function in the body. Much of the work within IntIm is directly geared toward future clinical applications. The work of Rohit Bhargava combines chemical This image was used as cover art for the 11/09 issue of the information and computation toward creating Researchers in IntIm also work to advance Journal of Biophotonics. It accompanied an article titled“Imaging a non-laboratory system for medical person - the technology, often in projects that have engineered tissues using structural and functional optical nel information on how biological structures basic science research value. Scott Carney ap - coherence tomography.” like cell tissue change over time, particularly as plies theory to the development of algorithms Credit: Alex Jerez, Beckman InstituteVisualization Laboratory it would apply to cancer evaluation methods. in collaborations with fellow IntIm members The Bioacoustics Research Laboratory like Bhargava and Boppart. Brad Sutton (BRL) is headed by William O’Brien , who is a works on advances in the engineering side of leader in advancing ultrasound techniques for imaging technologies, collaborating in projects flow, especially toward applications in cancer biomedical and research purposes. O’Brien led like research into memory. Liang is a leader in research and clinical use . a successful effort this past year to add a high advancing imaging processing and pattern Together, these researchers, as well as the resolution ultrasound system to Beckman’s recognition, and in improving magnetic reso - methods and instruments they use, provide a Biomedical Imaging Center. The new addition nance imaging methods. Michael Insana , comprehensive resource for imaging research is already being used by campus researchers, leader of the Bioimaging Science and that stands out as a leader in this growing and including O’Brien and fellow BRL member Technology group , develops instrumentation essential field. Michael Oelze in their breast cancer assess - and methods for ultrasound imaging of soft ment research investigations . tissue microstructure, elasticity and blood

23 INTEGRATIVE IMAGING HIGHLIGHTS

Optical System Proves Value as Breast Popescu’s Lab Shines Light on Red Blood Developing“Electronic Nose” and Cancer Imaging Tool Cell Structure, Function “Artificial Tongue” Biosensors Aaer many years of development, a light- Gabriel Popescu and his Quantitative Light Kenneth Suslick ’s re - based technology for imaging subsurface bio - Imaging (QLI) laboratory at the Beckman search involving the de - logical tissue was successfully demonstrated in Institute are providing new insights into the velopment of innovative a clinical setting, providing a potential solu - function and structure of red blood cells biosensors has produced tion for the oaen agonizing time that patients (RBCs), the vital carriers of oxygen to the an “arti_cial tongue” that spend waiting for lab results. Integrative body’s tissues. In two papers published this can sense subtle di]er - Imaging Co-chair Stephen Boppart has been year in the Proceedings of the National ences in both arti_cial developing the imaging system—which uses Academy of Sciences , Popescu and his collabo - and natural sweeteners optical coherence tomography (OCT) to pro - rators showed how essential deformability, or and an “electronic nose” vide high-resolution, micron-scale images— the ability to change shape, was to red blood that can distinguish di]erent `avors of co]ee. for more than seven years. Boppart put his cells performing their job of cellular oxygen \e biosensors are based on colorimetric tech - system to the test through a collaborative transport in the body. \eir lab makes innova - nology that can turn the chemical properties study involving his laboratory and Carle tive use of imaging methods such as light scat - of substances like sweeteners or co]ee into a Foundation Hospital in Urbana. \e study in - tering techniques, interferometry (bringing visual image for simple, fast, and accurate de - cluded 37 breast cancer patients and used an two waves together), and microscopy to study tection and evaluation purposes. Other tech - OCT imaging system as an intraoperative light-tissue interactions. Using a technique de - nologies for di]erentiating sweeteners and (within the operating room during the proce - veloped by Popescu called di]raction phase co]ee have had problems distinguishing be - dure) real-time diagnostic tool for assessing microscopy they were able to not only observe tween varieties that are similar. Both the arti_ - tumor margins in resected breast tissue. \e but also measure, for the _rst time ever, the cial tongue and electronic nose are based on results showed that, when correlated with nanoscale membrane `uctuations of RBCs colorimetric sensor technology that uses post-surgical _ndings of pathologists, the ac - that allow them to move through the body. chemical interactions to produce a color curacy of the results from the OCT system was Red blood cells must change shape in order to change for visualization and to render digital validated by the histology data. \e results _t through capillaries half their size that trans - data. In the case of the arti_cial tongue, the clearly showed that the system is an e]ective, port them through the body. Popescu, his stu - method uses a business-card size sensor that is real-time imaging tool for the critical task of dents, and their multi-university collaborators dipped into a sample; the interaction of the assessing breast cancer margins in the operat - reported in their January PNAS article that the sweetener and a derivative of boric acid in the ing room during lumpectomy procedures. remarkable deformability of red blood cells is sensor results in pH changes that are detected “Histology, with its resolution and staining, is maintained by energy consumption via ATP and used to identify the source of the sweet - really what is used to make the _nal diagno - transport and that the ability of red blood cells ness. \e electronic nose features a printed sis,” Boppart said. “However, histology has to squeeze through narrow capillaries in the array of di]erent nanoporous pigments that limits in terms of how much it can sample, microvasculature is governed by the continu - strongly interact with chemicals. \e co]ee how long it takes, and how much it costs.” \e ous remodeling of the cell’s supporting spec - sensor the lab developed produced unique advantages of the OCT system, as the study’s trin protein network. \ey later reported on molecular “_ngerprints” of the co]ee aromas co-authors write in the paper reporting their measuring the mechanics of RBCs during of 10 brands tested, demonstrating an ability _ndings, are that it “provides surgeons the morphological changes. \e di]raction phase to accurately discriminate between the closely ability to assess margin status in real-time, microscopy method used in the research does related mixtures of compounds found in cof - complementing current gross visual examina - not damage RBCs, so it could be used to eval - fee to a degree that is not possible with other tion, potentially reducing the number of posi - uate the e]ectiveness of drugs developed for electronic analyzers. Vapors from each brand tive/close margins discovered post-operatively, blood cell morphology diseases. \e method were forced over the sensor arrays, causing and thereby reducing the need for additional also has potential for screening stored blood color changes in the nanoporous pigments due surgical procedures.” or for blood diseases. to the strong interactions between the com - pound’s molecules and the sensor’s pigments. \e electronic nose was able to accurately identify di]erent co]ee aromas to a high de - gree of speci_city and accuracy, a di^cult This image was featured on the cover of the journal, problem since roasted co]ee beans contain PNAS (01/26/10). It accompanied red blood cell re - more than 1,000 chemical compounds. \e search by Gabriel Popescu and his Quantitative Light lab has already produced a prototype of a Imaging Laboratory. Image created by Alex Jerez of the handheld device that gives readouts of the data Beckman Institute’s Visualization Laboratory.

24 R E F F U A T S N A I R B . L Y B

O The team that discovered that small mechanical forces T O H

P have a big impact on embryonic stem cells was led by, from left, FeiWang, cell and developmental biology; Farhan Chowdhury, doctoral student in mechanical science and engineering: NingWang, Beckman faculty and mechanical science and engineering; andTetsuyaTanaka, animal sciences.

from the sensor. \e work also has potential sents an entirely new class of imaging agents Studying the Body’s Mechanisms for applications for industrial and research labora - that we can use to tell more about the tissue, Responding to Strain tories where the electronic nose technology for diagnostic purposes and for therapeutic Studying ways to counter the loss of skeletal could be used in a small device for the detec - techniques,” Boppart said. muscle caused by disease and aging is a mission tion of toxic chemicals. of the Molecular Muscle Physiology Laboratory Small Mechanical Forces Big Factor in led by Marni Boppart. Exercise therapy and Magnetic Nanoparticles that Move Cellular Activity molecular-based interventions are two ap - Stephen Boppart and his collaborators re - Small mechanical forces can induce extremely proaches to this problem that Boppart investi - ported in the Proceedings of the National fast signaling in the cellular world, and may gates by studying the cellular mechanisms Academy of Sciences in 2010 on a project that play a larger role in cellular function than cur - responsible for musculoskeletal remodeling uses magnetism and nanoparticle contrast rent thinking on the subject allows, according and growth in response to exercise and me - agents inside the body to create a noninvasive to research by Ning Wang of the Integrative chanical strain. Boppart has a research focus on contrast agent for imaging. \e method uses Imaging research theme. “\e big issue right integrin—receptors that mediate and promote magnetism to move nanoparticles inside the now in the _eld of mechanotransduction is interactions between cells and their environ - body in order to target tumor cells and other whether the genes in the nucleus can be di - ment by acting as cellular sensors and signaling tissue with a high degree of speci_city not seen rectly activated by forces applied to the cell molecules. Boppart focuses on integrin because with other contrast agents. \e technique en - surface,” Wang told Ge Scientist magazine. it protects against skeletal muscle injury, using ables micron scale tissue detection and manip - His research is directly addressing that issue. both in vitro and in vivo experiments to deter - ulation; in this project it was applied to a Mechanical signals involving cellular activity, mine the potential role of the di]erent integrin preclinical mammary tumor model. “What is or biomechanical signals, move much faster subtypes and isoforms in diseases such as mus - novel about this whole approach and this work than chemical signals in the body; the role of cular dystrophy, sarcopenia, insulin resistance, is that we’re using external magnetic forces to biomechanics in the body’s biological re - and protection from cancer cachexia. Her work move nanoparticles within tissue, to modulate sponses is an emerging area of study in part has shown an expanded role for the α7β1 them,” Boppart said. “Most other particles will because of the importance of those responses integrin receptor in muscle remodeling by localize somewhere and typically sit there. in processes such as tissue regeneration. To demonstrating that it is a prerequisite for the \ey may provide a signal change, but they test the kinds of roles biomechanics plays in appearance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), don’t physically move. No other particle is dy - cellular activity, one of Wang’s research proj - a stem cell population currently used in clinical namic like this, which is a unique way to gen - ects looked at how applying a small mechani - trials for the treatment of a variety of neuro - erate contrast.” \e magnetic nanoparticles cal force a]ected the embryonic stem cells of muscular diseases. In the past year, work in can be used with magnetic resonance imaging mice. Wang used magnetic beads four microns Boppart’s lab has shown that this integrin re - (MRI) as well as OCT and, potentially, other in diameter and moved them using an oscillat - ceptor is found in several locations in skeletal imaging technologies, enabling biomechanical ing magnetic _eld to measure the e]ects of the muscle, including around blood vessels follow - tissue measurements, contrast, and therapy mechanical force on the cells. Since stem cells ing a single bout of exercise, and that these cells through hyperthermia. “I believe this repre - become sti]er as they di]erentiate, the experi - contribute to the de novo formation of muscle ment tested the soaness and sti]ness of the _bers, which ultimately increases force genera - cells at an embryonic stage and aaer they had tion. Currently work in the lab is trying to di]erentiated. Using the beads to apply a me - determine whether MSCs alone or MSCs in chanical force, Wang and his collaborators conjunction with exercise therapy can enhance found that the embryonic stem cells were muscle growth and function in aged skeletal much soaer (a quality that determines the de - muscle and, in collaboration with Stephen gree to which it attaches and spreads on a sur - Boppart, is tracking bone marrow-derived face) and more sensitive to forces than the stem cells using both optical and immunohis - more advanced cells. \e results, Wang said, tochemistry techniques. suggest that “small forces may indeed play This Igure, provided by the critical roles in inducing strong biological re - Molecular Muscle Physiology sponses in embryonic stem cells, and in shap - group, led by Prof. Marni ing embryos during their early development.” Boppart, shows mesenchymal \e results not only have import for adding to stem cells (green Jourescence) our understanding of the role of biomechanics are found in several locations in Magnetomotive dynamics from targeted iron-oxide nanoparticles in cellular processes but could in the future skeletal muscle, including are used to provide contrast for in vivo optical molecular imaging lead to applications in areas such as regenera - around blood vessels following of tumors in a pre-clinical model of human breast cancer tissue. tive medicine. exercise. Image courtesy of researcher Stephen Boppart, and Alex Jerez and Zach Johnson of the Beckman Institute’s Visualization Laboratory. 25 The scientific aspects are interesting and very satisfying intellectually, but the real payoff is the fact that you can truly help people.

26 BHARGAVA’S WAY: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO FIGHTING DISEASE

ohit Bhargava took a long and winding road Bhargava’s research work at NIH involved bio - Bhargava said that current prostate diagno - Rto becoming an interdisciplinary, transla - medical issues, including a landmark study of sis methods provide a correct diagnosis 50 per - tional researcher: advanced degrees in chemical prostate tissue analysis with spectroscopic imag - cent of the time for moderate, con_ned disease. engineering and polymer science leading to on- ing. His degrees did not prepare Bhargava for Creating an automated technology with chemi - the-job training in a completely di]erent area, the application, or biomedical side, of the topics cal imaging techniques and powerful soaware biomedicine, at the National Institutes of Health. he was working on at NIH. for quickly extracting information from large Now, as a leading researcher in the development “Everything was a huge learning curve: the datasets could provide more accurate diag - of advanced imaging techniques, Bhargava is way medicine operates and the issues facing cli - noses for prostate cancer (by giving informa - mentoring a Beckman Fellow who’s taking a nicians and physicians,” Bhargava said. “We had tion on both cell structure and chemistry) and much straighter route to doing interdisciplinary no idea how they work and what kind of tough help prevent unneeded surgery. research with potential biomedical applications. questions are there in their lives. Anytime you “\e idea there is to demonstrate with this Shortly aaer the _rst-ever position of Carle are trying to develop technology that will assist a new technology that we can outperform cur - Foundation Hospital/Beckman Institute Fellow certain constituency, you have to know what’s rent tests and _gure out who can be treated and was created, Bhargava encouraged a young post - important. who should not be treated under our current doctoral researcher from England, Michael “When I went to NIH I had no idea that system,” Bhargava said. Walsh, to apply for it. Walsh was selected for the only males had prostate glands. I had never Bhargava said that for every 100 men coveted post and is now working with Bhargava heard of prostate cancer because it was pretty treated for prostate cancer only _ve lives are doing interdisciplinary research that combines much non-existent when I was growing up in saved. engineering and biology toward developing im - India because India and Japan have the two low - “Which means for every life saved you’ve aging techniques that take clinical cancer detec - est prostate cancer rates in the world.” treated 20 people and roughly one out of those tion and evaluation methods to a new level. Bhargava’s current research, including clini - 20 had no bene_t, they still died,” he said. “Out At NIH Bhargava said he had to forge links cally-oriented projects funded by NIH, is forg - of the survivors, 20 percent su]er incontinence between his research and potential applications ing a new path in advancing bioimaging and impotence even two years aaer surgery. So of that work in clinics and hospitals. As a instrument development by integrating chemi - one person still died, and you have four people Beckman researcher, Bhargava said the path cal information and computation into imaging whose lives are very adversely a]ected. So is from research lab to clinic is much more direct methods. It is a real-time non-laboratory ap - this really the right way to administer health - and e^cient. proach that gives the user, such as technicians at care? “At NIH I went to people who were practic - a clinic, information on how biological struc - “But if we could at the point of detection ing clinicians and sat down with them and asked tures like cell tissue change over time. \e say that there is no hope in treating this person them ‘what’s important, how do things function method has exciting potential for evaluating because it’s not going to work, and there is no in healthcare?’ In Beckman, we have built it into cancerous and non-cancerous cells, with need to treat these people because nothing will training our emerging scientists,” Bhargava said. Bhargava’s research focusing on prostate cancer happen to them then that will really solve our “I think that is absolutely the future of biomed - evaluation methods that also have possibilities entire prostate cancer epidemic. It will become ical research. A place like Beckman, which com - for use in breast and colon tissue analysis. a much more manageable disease. Breast can - bines multiple disciplines on the research side, Bhargava said a grant reviewer for the cer is moving toward the same paradigm, and an outlet like Carle which allows us to National Cancer Institute, an agency funding where we are detecting cancer earlier and ear - translate those research developments to the one of his projects, wrote this about their pro - lier. We’re extending this method to breast tis - clinic, coming together.” posal: “this grant is outstanding because it ad - sue as well.” As a key member of the Integrative Imaging dresses the Holy Grail of cancer today.” \at \e possibility that his work could some - research theme at Beckman, Bhargava has lever - Holy Grail is a cancer detection method that day help thousands, if not millions, of people is aged his multidisciplinary background in chem - tells physicians which cancers will become life- Bhargava’s main motivation. ical engineering, polymer science, and threatening and which won’t with more precise “\e scienti_c aspects are interesting and biomedical sciences into a leading role in re - certainty than current methods o]er. \e very satisfying intellectually, but the real payo] search that integrates chemistry and advanced American Cancer society says that nearly is the fact that you can truly help people,” computational methods into imaging modalities 200,000 men were diagnosed with prostate can - Bhargava said. “At the end of the day that’s all for medical and research applications. cer in 2009 and that 27,000 men died from the what we are all about. If it bene_ts somebody While his Ph.D. from Case Western was in disease, even though Bhargava said more than in such a direct and personal way, I think that’s Macromolecular Science and Engineering, 90 percent of those diagnosed receive treatment. very, very important.”

27 MOLECULAR AND ELECTRONIC NANOSTRUCTURES OVERVIEW

magine the experience of doing science at Nanomaterials group develops and uses exper - detection . Researchers such as Nancy Ithe scale of molecules, of manipulating and imental and simulation tools to explore bio - Sottos , Scott White, Jeff Moore and Paul understanding structures so small that the logical, nanoelectronic and materials systems Braun have led the development of self- most powerful microscopes of 30 years ago at scales down to the atomistic level. The healing materials for use in coatings for weren’t able to visualize them. That is what re - Theoretical and Computational Biophysics bridges and other structures. This past searchers in the Beckman Institute’s Molecular group seeks to understand biological structure year this team also made progress toward and Electronic Nanostructures (M&ENS) re - and function through the use of computa - extending self-healing to microelectronic search theme do every day in research lines tional methods such as dynamic simulations . devices. Researchers like Joe Lyding of the that encompass everything from computer This past year’s research highlights Nanoelectronics and Nanomaterials group simulations of the smallest workings of cells to demonstrated once again the breadth of topics perform experiments that test the viability of creating electronics composed of carbon covered within M&ENS, as well as their rele - new technologies such as using graphene in nanotubes. vancy to the current science . Developing novel electronics. Exploring both the makeup and the func - technologies and techniques, M&ENS re - Researchers in the Molecular and tion of natural and man-made structures at the searchers demonstrated everything from tech - Electronic Nanostructures research theme nanoscale is the main focus of the Molecular nologies with potential biomedical and were also involved in new findings on the and Electronic Nanostructures research theme . electronics applications (John Rogers , LEDs, theoretical side, with Steve Granick helping Researchers working in M&ENS have the silicon-on-silk electronics) to direct write as - to change thinking regarding Brownian mo - broad mission of understanding chemical sembly methods for nanoscale structures tion and its role in the movements of a liquid and physical processes and structures at the (J ennifer Lewis, printed origami, Paul Braun as its diffuses through another material. nanometer scale, as well as advancing the and Jeff Moore , writing 3-D channels within a Granick showed that Brownian motion can development of nanoscale applications, includ - porous matrix, and William King , nanolitho - best be described with greater extremes than ing creating software for basic science and graphy for complex nanostructures). the traditional bell-shaped curve model. translational research projects . Breakthroughs in nanoscale biological Developing and using powerful compu - There are five research groups within the research were once again a highlight for this tational tools is a pillar of research within Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures research theme as new insights into biological M&ENS and those tools helped fuel ad - research theme. The 3-D Micro- and processes were shown by Martin Gruebele vances in areas such as mirco- and nano - Nanosystems group develops strategies for as - (visualizing live protein dynamics ), Klaus electromechanical systems ( Narayana sembling and studying three-dimensional sys - Schulten (atomistic scale computer simula - Aluru and Ioannis Chasiotis ) biophysics tems at the micro- and nanoscales . Research in tions of ribosome interactions), and Yi Lu (Klaus Schulten ), and biomechanics the Autonomous Materials Systems group is (tailor-made, synthetic proteins). (Iwona Jasiuk ) this past year. centered on the design of autonomic multi - Turning the science into usable applica - Taken together, the computational and functional materials systems. Members of the tions such as biosensors or self-healing coat - visualization tools used at Beckman by Computational Multiscale Nanosystems group ings is an important part of the mission of M&ENS researchers, along with their theo - use computational methodologies that involve M&ENS research. Lu developed an easy-to- retical advances, experimental approaches, multiple physics domains and multiple scales use dipstick test that, unlike other methods, and vision for research at the nanoscale in time and space toward the design of requires no instrumentation or laboratory make this theme as leading edge today as nanosystems. The Nanoelectronics and work and that meets EPA guidelines for lead when it was formed 16 years ago.

28 This image appeared on the cover of Advanced Functional Materials (Vol. 20, Issue 11, June 9, 2010).The image, created by Beckman’sVisualization Laboratory, illustrates the Irst microcapsule system for the restoration of conductivity in mechanically damaged electronic devices in which the repairing agent is not conductive until its release. Paper authors are Susan Odom, Mary Caruso, Aaron Finke, Alex Prokup, Joshua Ritchey, John Leonard, ScottWhite, Nancy Sottos, and JeH Moore. 29 MOLECULAR AND ELECTRONIC NANOSTRUCTURES HIGHLIGHTS

rays on stiff, flexible, and stretchable substrates one-step coaxial electrospinning encapsulation that were then interconnected by thin-film method “offers a number of unique opportu - processing. The method, Rogers says, allows nities. Perhaps most significantly, the location them to “create general lighting and high-reso - and concentration of the healing component lution display systems that otherwise could can be spatially varied; this is in contrast to a not be built with the conventional ways that capsule-based system, where the capsules are inorganic LEDs are made, manipulated and mixed into the matrix precursors before it is assembled.” In addition to biomedical applica - applied to the substrate.” The authors also tions, the novel technique could be used in write of the method’s potential for applica - solid-state lighting systems and instrument tions: “electrospinning is both a high through - panels. The silicon-on-silk technology works, put and selective area technique. Thus, the Rogers and his collaborators write, by integrat - self-healing functionality can be selectively ing “single crystalline silicon electronics, added to large area substrates in a continuous Macro photography of a pencil tip deforming Jexible circuits de - where the silicon is in the form of nanomem - process under rather mild conditions.” veloped by Professor John Rogers.The silicon interconnects, seen branes, onto water soluble and biocompatible arching up from the surface, are designed to provide slack as the silk substrates.” The technology is biocompati - clear rubbery PDMS sheet below is stretched and deformed.The ble, flexible, and mostly resorbable in the interconnect at top center can be seen pulled fully taut from body, making it ideal for a number of biomed - being stretched over the pencil tip. ical applications such as heart monitors or Image created by Chas Conway of Beckman’s Visualization Laboratory. brain interfaces like implanted monitors or for use with prosthetics.

Stretching the Possibilities for Electronics Electrospinning for Self-healing Coatings The innovations that John Rogers brings to Paul Braun of the 3-D Micro and the areas of semiconductor and electronics re - Nanosystems group reported on a new search are so redefining that he was profiled method for creating encapsulated self-healing by Science magazine in 2010 as a “pioneering materials using an electrospun coaxial healing researcher” who could “change the way we agent. Electrospinning—the process of pro - light our homes, treat diseases, and power the ducing micro- to nanoscale polymer filaments planet.” Rogers lived up to that description using electrostatic force—was used in the proj - with two papers this past year, one reporting ect to create a self-healing coating system that Martin Gruebele and his colleagues have developed a on a new method for fashioning ultrathin, offers several advantages for functionality in system for moving observation of protein folding from ultra-small, inorganic light-emitting diodes polymer coatings. Using polysiloxane-based in vitro to in vivo. (LEDs) and another describing the develop - bead-on-string healing agents and an acrylate ment of silicon-on-silk electronics. Both matrix, the method is described this way by Visualizing Protein Folding in a Live Cell technologies have potential biomedical appli - Braun and co-author Jeong-Ho Park in a re - for the First Time cations: the flexible LEDs could be used as port in Advanced Materials: “ Self-healing Martin Gruebele of the Nanoelectronics and wearable health monitors, while the polymer coatings are formed by electrospin - Nanomaterials group and his collaborators de - biodegradable silicon-on-silk technology con - ning bead-on-string healing agent filled cap - veloped a new technique for studying protein forms to biological tissue, making it useful in sules onto a substrate followed by infilling of a dynamics in vivo , visualizing for the first time devices for monitoring and treating disorders polymer matrix. Upon damage to the self- the critical biological process of protein fold - like arrhythmia and epilepsy. The ultrathin healing coating, liquid healing agents are re - ing in a live cell. The method works by using LEDs offer some of the capabilities of organic leased from the ruptured beads passivating the laser pulses to create fast upward and down - LEDs such as brightness and long life, while damaged region.” The researchers write that ward temperature jumps in the cell sample, providing scalability and the ease of process - there are several advantages to this method, followed by stabilization of the cell tempera - ing of inorganic LEDs. They were created including that it uses physical force rather than ture and its aqueous medium at the final value. using an epitaxial growth technique for sizes chemical reactions to form the core/sheath Then an inverted fluorescence microscope is as much as 100 times smaller than usual meth - structure, making it, they write, “suitable for used to observe and record what happens in - ods. The research team also created printing processing a broader variety of materials for side the cell. Researchers have used tempera - processes to assemble the devices into large ar - self-healing.” Braun told Nanowerk that the ture jumps before to study kinetics of chemical

30 reactions in test tubes; fluorescence mi - croscopy permits them to see inside cells, but not study their kinetics and dynamics. Gruebele and his collaborators have, by com - bining these two approaches, created a new method—which they call Fast Relaxation Imaging—that gives scientists an intimate view of living cells as they function. The re - searchers write in the journal Nature Methods that in order to “reveal the full functionality of proteins and other biomolecules, they must be studied in the living cell.” Gruebele said the technique provided unprecedented views of folding and unfolding of proteins in real time. “This is the first experiment that allows us to observe the dynamics of a protein folding in a live cell,” he said. “Now we have the capability of looking at how fast biological processes occur as a function of time.” Image from the cover of the Biophysical Journal (10/09). Molecular Dynamics Provides New Created for the Theoretical and Computational Biophysics group by Alex Jerez and Zach Johnson of Beckman’s Visualization Laboratory. Insights into the Ribosome Inset: Beckman researcher Klaus Schulten (center) and graduate student LeonardoTrabuco, left, and postdoctoral Klaus Schulten has been a pioneer in bringing researcher James Gumbart, with model of a ribosome. computational methods to the study of nature and the Theoretical and Computational Biophysics (TCB) group he has headed at tor (EF-Tu) essential for the successful assem - nium scaffolds for tissue engineering—were Beckman for more than 20 years has been a bly of proteins. The second study gave insight printed and then rolled into a spiral or folded leader in developing dynamic molecular scale into the interaction with a membrane protein into shapes, as is done in creating origami art. computer simulations of biological processes called SecY that sometimes latches onto the ri - The research team imitated an origami tech - and systems. This past year, Schulten and fel - bosome and steers a newly forming protein to - nique called wet-folding by using a mixture of low TCB group members Leonardo Trabuco ward its final destination. fast-drying and slow-drying solvents in the ink and James Gumbart reported on two new that would dry the sheets but leave them flexi - studies that used a method called molecular Printed Origami Developed for Small, ble enough for folding through multiple steps. dynamics flexible fitting (MDFF) to render Complex Structures By bringing together printing and origami, the unprecedented visual insights into the interac - Jennifer Lewis led a team that developed a team was able to create structures with greater tions between the ribosome and two of its new method for constructing complex three- complexity and with a greater variety of pat - most important partners in carrying out its dimensional structures for biocompatible de - terns than other methods. translational duties within proteins. MDFF vices using an old folk art, origami, as combines data from X-ray crystallography and inspiration. Lewis has been a leader in devel - cryo-electronmicroscopy, allowing the re - oping direct write techniques for fabricating searchers to use the data to create simulations small, intricate shapes of metal and ceramics of atomic-scale models of ribosome-protein with applications in electronics and biomedical complexes and then track the behavior of mil - devices. The “origami” technique differs in that lions of virtual atoms that simulate the instead of assembling a structure layer by layer processes involved in the interactions. In one using inks containing the desired material, study they detected the precise maneuvering large flat sheets of a material—in this case tita - between the ribosome and an elongation fac - The penny-sized titanium bird began as a printed sheet of titanium hydride ink. Image courtesy of Jennifer Lewis.

31 Techniques for Nanolithography, Direct raphy (TCNL), a patterning technique that al - Capsules for Self-healing for Electronics Writing Composites of Nanoparticles and lows for the manipulation, design, and manu - Researchers in the Beckman Institute’s Polymers facture of complex nanostructures for Autonomous Materials Systems (AMS) group William King of the 3-D Micro- and potential applications such as protein detec - helped establish the field of self-healing mate - Nanosystems group has been a pioneer in tion chips and nanoelectronic devices. TCNL rials for polymers nearly a decade ago in re - using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and has advantages for patterning at scales below search that has led to applications such as thermal properties to create novel nanoscale 100 nanometers due to its writing speed (one coatings on large scale structures like bridges. tools and methods, including what has been millimeter per second) and because of its abil - Now, members of the AMS group are demon - dubbed a nano-soldering iron with amazing ity to create specific, high-resolution patterns strating in two separate research lines that self- capabilities. This past year King reported on that are stable and therefore suitable for stor - healing can also work for a critical small scale the development of a new technique for di - age and future use. King also used AFM in the application: restoring lost conductivity in elec - rect-writing composites of nanoparticles and development of a technique for direct-writing tronics. One project involves a twin-microcap - polymers, and on a thermochemical method of composites of nanoparticles and polymers. sule method for autonomous repair of for nanolithography. King and collaborator Working with collaborators at the Naval electronics while the other uses carbon nan - Zhenting Dai developed a nanoscale thermal Research Laboratory, King employed the otubes to restore a damaged circuit. Lead au - processing tool in the form of an atomic force heated probe of an atomic force microscope to thor of the paper on the twin-microcapsule microscope with a heated silicon tip that can deposit nanoparticle polymer composites con - method is postdoctoral researcher Susan be used like a small scale soldering iron. King taining magnetic, semiconductor, metal, and Odom, with faculty members Jeff Moore, used the tool for thermochemical nanolithog - optically active nanoparticles on multiple sur - Nancy Sottos and Scott White of the AMS faces with great precision. The group as co-authors. Writing in Advanced method of thermally controlled Functional Materials the researchers report deposition is a stable process for that the method is “the first microcapsule sys - dispersion of the nanoparticles in tem for the restoration of conductivity in me - the polymer and overcomes limi - chanically damaged electronic devices in tations found with other ap - which the repairing agent is not conductive proaches to fabricating until its release.” Self-healing begins when the nanostructures from nanoparti - shells of the twin microcapsules rupture in re - cles or nanoparticle composites. sponse to damage and the non-conductive This method’s advantages include component precursor materials are released as the ability to direct write aligned a liquid from the core, forming a conductive rows of less than 10 nanometers solid charge-transfer salt that restores conduc - wide, narrower than any other tivity to the electronic device. In the other re - similar technique, and, King and search line, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were his collaborators wrote in their used to restore lost conductivity in electronics. paper in Nano Letters on the Led by faculty member Jeff Moore and lead work, the ability to deposit “a paper author Mary Caruso of the AMS group wide range of nanoparticle types and faculty member Paul Braun of the 3-D on multiple substrates with no so - Micro and Nanosystems group, the re - lution processing and no sources searchers were able to demonstrate restoration of cross-contamination.” This ro - of conductivity between two electric probes bust technique, they add, “enables separated by about 100 micrometers. They direct access to the exceptional used microcapsules with robust walls contain - properties of nanocomposites that ing unfunctionalized single-walled CNTs sus - promise significant advances in pended in an organic solvent and tested the nanoelectronics, data storage, method by rupturing the microcapsules using biosensors, mechanics, and opti - vigorous stirring. The CNTs were released cal imaging applications.” upon the microcapsules rupturing and mi - This image was featured on the December, 2009 issue of Advanced Functional grated toward the probes tips, forming a Materials. It highlightsWilliam King’s techniques for nanolithography. bridge that completed the circuit and current was restored.

32 R E F F U A T S N A I R B R . E L F Y F B U A O T T S O H N P A I R B . L Y B O T O H P

DNA-binding in a conga line. What they Protein Critical found was the filaments Taekjip Ha to DNA Repair moved not as though they Taekjip Ha was were in a cylinder as previ - part of a multi-university research project that ously thought but more Beckman faculty member,Yi Lu (right), and his studentsTiHany Hopper and Nick discovered that a single-stranded DNA-bind - freely and sometimes more Marshall have mimicked nature in their development of tailor-made proteins. ing protein known as SSB is a dynamic player tangled up through the in the repair and replication of single stands of empty spaces of the matrix. DNA by other proteins. The researchers found dation-reduction reactions and the structure that not only is SSB dynamic—rather than Writing 3-D Channels within a Porous and function of the native protein nitric-oxide mostly static as previously thought—but their Matrix reductase. In one project, Lu and his collabo - study is also the first one to report on a protein Paul Braun of the 3-D Micro- and rators created a nature-based, tailor-made pro - migrating randomly backward and forward on Nanosystems group and Jeff Moore of the tein to gain understanding of oxidation- single-stranded DNA. Ha, who studies the Autonomous Materials Systems group re - reduction reactions (redox for short) processes physical mechanisms of biological molecules ported on a new method for fabricating three- that are, as Lu and his collaborators write in and systems and develops research techniques dimensional microfluidic channels within a Nature, “at the heart of numerous functions in such as a method called fluorescence reso - porous matrix. Using a laser for two-photon chemistry and biology, from long-range elec - nance energy transfer (FRET) that was used in patterning, the researchers were able to direct tron transfer in photosynthesis and respiration this study, said gaining knowledge about SSB write a hydrophilic (capable of hydrogen to catalysis in industrial and fuel cell research.” is important because it is critical to the repair, bonding) pathway in a 3-D porous matrix to These redox processes are performed by a lim - recombination, and replication of DNA form microfluidic channels in an otherwise ited number of redox-active agents that re - strands. hydrophobic host. Along with lead author quire a particular potential. How these Jyh-Tsung Lee and Matthew George, Braun potentials are fine tuned by nature has not Long Polymer Chains Dance the Conga and Moore wrote about the implications of been well understood until this research Steve Granick led a collaboration showing their method in the Journal of the American demonstrated two interactions, hydrophobic - that actin, a molecule that forms filaments Chemical Society: “Surfaces with switchable ity and hydrogen bonding, are capable of fine- critical to cell structure and that plays a role in hydrophilicity are of considerable interest be - tuning the reduction potential of a particular cellular signaling and transport, behaves much cause of their potential applications in, for ex - class of copper-containing proteins called differently than what was previously thought. ample, sensors, drug delivery, microfluidics, cupredoxins, redox-active copper proteins that Granick and his collaborators found that these and colloidal assembly.” This novel method for are critical to important processes such as filaments form long chains that move like a fabricating 3-D microfluidic channels, they photosynthesis and cell signaling. Lu was also conga line, rather than the snakelike move - write, provides the ability “to locally switch the corresponding author for the paper on a syn - ment that had been used to describe their ac - interior surface of a porous solid from a hy - thetic protein that mimics the structure and tions in forming the matrix needed for cell drophobic state to a hydrophilic state”, allow - function of a metalloprotein (proteins contain - structure. In order to study the “conga line” ing these structures to be selectively infilled ing metal atoms or clusters which are involved the researchers used a new method for obser - with “water and/or hydrophobic oil with a in a wide range of important biological vation, tagging individual links in the molecu - minimum feature size of only a few microme - processes) called nitric-oxide reductase. Lu lar chain with a fluorescent dye and tracking ters. We envision that this approach may en - and his co-authors write that the creation of their motion as they would individual dancers able the fabrication of complex microfluidic synthetic proteins such as the one they fash - structures that cannot be formed via current ioned as a model for nitric-oxide reductase is technologies.” important because protein design “provides a rigorous test of our knowledge about proteins Synthetic Proteins to Study Nature and allows the creation of novel enzymes for R E

F biotechnological applications.” Reproduction F Yi Lu of the 3-D Micro- and Nanosystems U A T S group brings chemistry and biology together of the metal-containing metalloproteins has N A I R

B been difficult but, Lu and his collaborators

. in research lines that are providing insights L Y

B write, the successful design of a structural and

O into biological systems and leading to applica - T O H

P tions like biosensors. In 2009, Lu contributed functional metalloprotein greatly advances the to two papers for Nature that reported on his field of protein design and our understanding development of synthetic proteins that help il - of enzymes. luminate the critical biological process of oxi - Steve Granick 33 It’s great to be an engineer, but I was missing a connection to humans, and I got that through biomechanics and biomedical applications.

34 JASIUK APPLIES MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES TO BIOLOGY

ust two years after moving with her family Jasiuk’s research , which relies heavily on ity of regenerated bone and compare it with a Jfrom Poland to America, Iwona Jasiuk rekin - advanced computer modeling, involves both normal tissue and that should be done at more dled an old flame as a way of getting to know characterization of materials and the mechani - than one level to ensure quality. her adopted country. As an undergraduate at cal forces that affect them, as well as the devel - “Any project in orthopedics should have a the University of Illinois at Chicago, Jasiuk de - opment of technologies such as scaffolds for very good understanding of bone. Another cided to join the fencing team. It was a sport she the regrowth of bone damaged through frac - topic is intervention , looking at how medica - had greatly enjoyed while growing up in Poland ture or disease. tions influence bone or affect bone disease, or and now in college it appealed to her on several In one project she and her collaborators even how a diet or another disease not related levels . are developing a synthetic scaffold around to bone , like diabetes or obesity , may affect “It was a great, great way to meet people and which natural tissue will grow, with Jasiuk’s bone. For all of these one needs to have an un - travel in America,” Jasiuk said. “It’s called physi - contribution looking at how mechanical stim - derstanding of what healthy bone is like. Then cal chess. I really liked it for that reason, but also uli can help promote growth . In order to do you can see what has changed. ” it gave me the opportunity to meet very many her work, Jasiuk says it is important to under - Jasiuk said so many opportunities are out interesting people.” stand bone at different scales. there for research collaborations that there are Jasiuk did indeed travel the land for area “By understanding bone at different scales almost too many to choose from. She is inter - and national competitions and kept fencing we can design scaffolds that mimic bone,” she ested in or has upcoming collaborations in - until time requirements at her first faculty posi - said. “One project involves the characteriza - volving bio -inspired materials, multi-scale tion at Michigan State intervened. She still has tion of bone at different scales, from nanoscale study of the brain for better mechanics models the uniform and thinks about returning to the to macroscale. And that’s important to know , of the brain, and various applications in ortho - sport , but these days Jasiuk’s schedule is fuller to assess the quality of bone .” pedics . than ever as a top researcher in the area of mi - Eventually, Jasiuk would like to see her re - “I’m curious about so many things. The cromechanics, especially as it applies to the search translate to practical applications such last four years I have gotten into many areas topic of bone. as in a clinical setting. In order to do that, she that I was thinking about and now I’m think - Jasiuk received her Ph.D. in Theoretical and says , her work is focusing more and more on ing about many new areas,” she said. “I would Applied Mechanics from Northwestern and using non-invasive techniques for the charac - like to get more of an understanding of biolog - eventually joined the University of Illinois, terization of bone . ical materials at the cellular level because that coming to campus in 2006 in large part because “The (previous work) has been invasive can provide more input on the biological as - of the possibility of interdisciplinary research but if one wants to use it in a clinical setting, pect of materials. collaborations at the Beckman Institute. this is not realistic,” she said. “There has to be “In bone remodeling I’m looking at cellu - Jasiuk’s background had been in the area of an easier, quicker way to diagnose the state of lar activity , how mechanical loads can affect mechanics of man-made materials but in the bone. ” cells and how cells can translate it to regenera - past decade she became drawn to issues affect - So Jasiuk is collaborating with Beckman tion of bone. Such models just using mechan - ing people in a more direct way , working on a colleagues to non-invasively characterize bone ics would not be complete. I need to bring in number of projects involving biology such as through Raman microscopy and ultrasound cellular inputs, whether it is for bone remodel - bone tissue regeneration. She has increasingly techniques that complement her own meth - ing or tissue engineering. ” pursued a research direction involving the ap - ods . And she has no better place to do that plications of mechanics in biology, especially in “It’s the combination of all these inputs, in - kind of interdisciplinary research than at the the four years since she joined Beckman’s 3-D vasive, non-invasive, and computational mod - Beckman Institute. Micro and Nanosystems group . eling that will hopefully lead to more accurate “It’s so natural here,” Jasiuk said. “There is “It’s great to be an engineer, but I was miss - predictions of bone quality ,” Jasiuk said. “The a general trend to become more interdiscipli - ing a connection to humans, and I got that research is pretty fundamental but it has many nary and Beckman is a great example of how it through biomechanics and biomedical applica - important applications. In bone regeneration, can be done. ” tions,” Jasiuk said. we can use these techniques to assess the qual -

35 SELECTED FACULTY AWARDS, PATENTS, GRANTS, AND PUBLICATIONS BIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE HIGHLIGHTS

Covering July 1, 2009 – June 30, 2010 BIOINTEL SELECTED HONORS AND Charissa Lansing , William O’Brien , Bruce Wheeler , and Robert Bilger: “Systems and BIOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE FACULTY AWARDS Methods For Interference-Suppression With (name followed by home department) Aaron Benjamin Directional Sensing Patterns,” Patent issued • Hohenboken Award for Excellence in Cognitive Neuroscience August 18, 2009, Patent Number 7,577,266. Diane M. Beck, Psychology Undergraduate Teaching, 2009 Neal J. Cohen, Psychology Kiel Christianson Monica Fabiani , Edward (Ed) Maclin, Florin Dolcos, Psychology • Review panel member for Interagency Gabriele Gratton , and Kathy Low: “Non- Monica Fabiani, Psychology Language Roundtable and Center for the Invasive Optical Imaging for Measuring Pulse Kara D. Federmeier, Psychology Advanced Study of Language; ad-hoc reviewer and Arterial Elasticity in the Brain,” Patent filed Susan M. Garnsey, Psychology for National Science Foundation, 2008 October 29, 2009, Application Number Brian D. Gonsalves, Psychology • Participating investigator in NIH Training 61/256,024. Gabriele Gratton, Psychology Grant (Language Processing: A Training Douglas Jones , Michael Lockwood, Robert C. Christopher M. Grindrod, Speech and Hearing Program T32-HD055272), led by Kathryn Bilger, Carolyn T. Bilger (Legal Representative), Science Bock (Psychology) Albert Feng , Charissa Lansing , William Wendy Heller, Psychology Jennifer Cole O’Brien , Bruce Wheeler , Mark Elledge, and Torrey M. Loucks, Speech and Hearing Scienc e • Member, ex oHcio, Executive Council, Chen Liu: “Interference Suppression Gregory A. Miller, Psychology Association for Laboratory Phonology, 2009- Techniques,” Patent issued November 3, 2009, Richard S. Powers, English 2014 Patent Number 7,613,309. Sharon Y. Tettegah, Curriculum and Instruction • Elected Member-at-large, American James Ross, Edgar Brown, Swaminathan Cognitive Science Association for the Advancement of Science, Rajaraman, Mark Allen, and Bruce Wheeler : Aaron S. Benjamin, Psychology Section Z (Linguistics), 2010-2014 “Apparatus and Methods for High Throughput J.K. Bock, Psychology • General Editor, Laboratory Phonology, 2009- Network Electrophysiology and Cellular William F. Brewer, Psychology 2014 Analysis,” Patent filed November 10, 2009, Kiel Christianson, Educational Psychology Gary Dell Application Number 12/615,778. Jennifer S. Cole, Linguistics • Fellow, American Association for the Gary S. Dell, Psychology Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2010 Erik Larsen, Albert Feng , and Douglas Jones : Cynthia L. Fisher, Psychology “Room Volume and Room Dimension Jose Mestre, Educational Psychology Kara Federmeier Estimation,” Patent issued March 30, 2010, Michelle Perry, Educational Psychology • Young Investigator Award, Cognitive Patent Number 7,688,678. Brian H. Ross, Psychology Neuroscience Society (CNS), 2010 Chilin Shih, East Asian Languages and Cultures • James S. McDonnell Scholar Award, 2010 BIOINTEL GRANTS AWARDED ($1,328,240) Annie Tremblay, French Cynthia Fisher Kathryn Bock , NSF, “Number Cognition to Jonathan Waskan, Philosophy • Fellow, Association for Psychological Science Number Grammar,” July 1, 2009-June 30, 2013, Duane G. Watson, Psychology (APS), 2010 $469,810.

NeuroTech Wendy Heller Jennifer Cole and Mark Hasegawa-Johnson , \omas J. Anastasio, Molecular and Integrative • Fellow, Association for Psychological Science NSF, “RI-Collaborative Research: Landmark- Physiology (APS), 2009 based Robust Speech Recognition Using Stephanie S. Ceman, Cell and Developmental Richard Powers Prosody-guided Models of Speech Variability,” Biology • American Academy of Arts and Letters August 10, 2009-May 31, 2010, $6,600. David F. Clayton, Cell and Developmental Biology (AAAL), 2010 Monica Fabiani , Gabriele Gratton , Arthur Charles (Lee) Cox, Molecular and Integrative Brian Ross Kramer , and Brad Sutton , NIH, “Brain and Physiology • Chair of Governing Board, Psychonomic Behavioral Correlates of Fitness, Albert S. Feng, Molecular and Integrative Society, Jan 2010-Dec 2010 Cerebrovascular Health and Aging,” Physiology September 30, 2009-September 29, 2011, Roberto Galvez, Psychology BIOINTEL SELECTED PATENTS AND $774,515. Martha L. Gillette, Cell and Developmental Biology PATENT APPLICATIONS Ivan Jeanne Weiler and William Greenough , William T. Greenough, Psychology Faculty members from the Biological Intelligence Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., “ERK Activation in Janice M. Juraska, Psychology research theme were inventors on the following Human Leucocyte,” October 16, 2009- David P. Kuehn, Speech and Hearing Science two patent applications (1.4% of the 139 patent December 31, 2010, $72,706. Mark E. Nelson, Molecular and Integrative applications filed by the campus) and three Ivan Jeanne Weiler and William Greenough , Physiology patents issued (4.3% of the 69 patents issued to Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd., “ERK Activation in Justin S. Rhodes, Psychology campus) during FY2010 (Beckman Institute fac - Human Leucocyte,” October 16, 2009- Gene E. Robinson, Entomology ulty members are listed in bold): Edward J. Roy, Psychology December 31, 2010, $4,609 (Supplement). Taher Saif, Mechanical Science and Engineering Albert Feng , Michael Lockwood, Douglas Jonathan V. Sweedler, Chemistry Jones , Carolyn J. Bilger (Legal Representative),

36 BIOINTEL SELECTED PUBLICATIONS Hasegawa-Johnson, M .; Cole, J .; Chen, K.; Silton, R. L.; Heller, W .; Towers, D. N.; Engels, Becic, E.; Dell, G. S .; Bock, K .; Garnsey, S. M .; Partha, L.; Juneja, A.; Yoon, T.; Borys, S.; A. S.; Spielberg, J. M.; Edgar, J. C.; Sass, S. M.; Sutton, B. P Kubose, T.; Kramer, A. F ., Driving impairs Zhuang, X., Prosodic Hierarchy as an organiz - Stewart, J. L.; .; Banich, M. T.; Miller, G. A talking. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2010, ing framework for the sources of context in ., The time course of activity in 17, 15-21. phone-based and articulatory-feature-based dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior cin - speech recognition. In Linguistic Patterns of gulate cortex during top-down attentional con - Beck, D. M .; Kastner, S., Top-down and bot - Spontaneous Speech, Special Issue of Langauge trol. Neuroimage 2010, 50, (3), 1292-1302. tom-up mechanisms in biasing competition in and Linguistics , Tseng, S., Ed. Academia Sinica: Spalek, K.; Bock, K .; Schriefers, H., A purple the human brain. Vision Research 2009, 49, Taipei, Taiwan, 2009 ; pp 101-128. (10), 1154-1165. giraffe is faster than a purple elephant: Helfer, J. L.; Goodlett, C. R.; Greenough, W. T .; Inconsistent phonology affects determiner se - Chu, L. Q.; Masyuko, R.; Sweedler, J. V .; Bohn, Klintsova, A. Y., The effects of exercise on ado - lection in English. Cognition 2010, 114, (1), P. W., Base-induced delignification of miscant - lescent hippocampal neurogenesis in a rat 123-128. hus x giganteus studied by three-dimensional model of binge alcohol exposure during the Warker, J. A.; Xu, Y.; Dell, G. S .; Fisher, C ., confocal raman imaging. Bioresource brain growth spurt. Brain Research 2009, 1294, Technology 2010, 101, (13), 4919-4925. Speech errors reflect the phonotactic con - 1-11. straints in recently spoken syllables, but not in Clayton, D. F .; Balakrishnan, C. N.; London, S. Johnson, Z. V.; Revis, A. A.; Burdick, M. A.; recently heard syllables. Cognition 2009, 112, E., Integrating Genomes, Brain and Behavior in Rhodes, J. S ., A similar pattern of neuronal Fos (1), 81-96. the Study of Songbirds. Current Biology 2009, activation in 10 brain regions following expo - Clayton, D. F 19, (18), R865-R873. Warren, W. C.; .; Ellegren, H.; sure to reward- or aversion-associated contex - Arnold, A. P.; Hillier, L. W.; Künstner, A.; Engels, A. S.; Heller, W .; Spielberg, J. M.; tual cues in mice. Physiology & Behavior 2010, Searle, S.; White, S.; Vilella, A. J.; Fairley, S.; Warren, S. L.; Sutton, B. P .; Banich, M. T.; 99, (3), 412-418. Heger, A.; Kong, L.; Ponting, C. P.; Jarvis, E. D.; Miller, G. A ., Co-occurring anxiety influences Jones, D. L. ; Ratham, R., Blind location and Mello, C. V.; Minx, P.; Lovell, P.; Velho, T. A.; patterns of brain asymmetry in depression. separation of callers in a natural chorus using a Ferris, M.; Balakrishnan, C. N.; Sinha, S.; Blatti, Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral microphone array. Journal of the Acoustical C.; London, S. E.; Li, Y.; Lin, Y. C.; George, J.; Neuroscience 2010, 10, 141-156. Society of America 2009, 126, (2), 895-910. Sweedler, J.; Southey, B.; Gunaratne, P.; Watson, Erickson, K. I.; Boot, W. R.; Basak, C.; Neider, Mathewson, K. E.; Fabiani, M .; Gratton, G .; M.; Nam, K.; Backström, N.; Smeds, L.; M. B.; Prakash, R. S.; Voss, M. W.; Graybiel, A. Beck, D. M .; Lleras, A ., Rescuing stimuli from Nabholz, B.; Itoh, Y.; Whitney, O.; Pfenning, A. M.; Simons, D. J.; Fabiani, M. ; Gratton, G .; invisibility: Inducing a momentary release from R.; Howard, J.; Völker, M.; Skinner, B. M.; Kramer, A. F ., Striatal volume predicts level of visual masking with pre-target entrainment. Griffin, D. K.; Ye, L.; McLaren, W. M.; Flicek, P.; video game skill acquisition. Cerebral Cortex Cognition 2010, 115, (1), 186-191. Quesada, V.; Velasco, G.; Lopez-Otin, C.; 2010, doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp293 Puente, X.; Olender, T.; Lancet, D.; Smit, A. F.; Mestre, J. P .; Ross, B. H .; Brookes, D. T.; Smith, Hubley, R.; Konkel, M. K.; Walker, J. A.; Batzer, Federmeier, K. D .; Laszlo, S., Time for A. D.; Nokes, T. J., How Cognitive Science Can M. A.; Gu, W.; Pollock, D. D.; Chen, L.; Cheng, Meaning: Electrophysiology Provides Insights Promote Conceptual Understanding in Science Z.; Eichler, E. E.; Stapley, J.; Slate, J.; Ekblom, R.; into the Dynamics of Representation and Classrooms. In Fostering Scientific Habits of Birkhead, T.; Burke, T.; Burt, D.; Scharff, C.; Processing in Semantic Memory. In Psychology Mind: Pedagogical Knowledge and Best Practices Adam, I.; Richard, H.; Sultan, M.; Soldatov, A.; of Learning and Motivation: Advances in in Science Education , Saleh, I. M.; Khine, M. S., Lehrach, H.; Edwards, S. V.; Yang, S. P.; L, i. X.; Research and Theory, 2009 ; Vol. 51, pp 1-44. Eds. Sense Publishers: Rotterdam, The Graves, T.; Fulton, L.; Nelson, J.; Chinwalla, A.; Feng, A. S. , Neural mechanisms of target rang - Netherlands, 2009 ; Vol. 3, pp 145-171. Hou, S.; Mardis, E. R.; Wilson, R. K., The ing in FM bats: Physiological evidence from Mo, Y.; Cole, J .; Hasegawa-Johnson, M ., Genome of a Songbird. Nature 2010, 464, 757– bats and frogs. Journal of Comparative Prosodic effects on vowel production: Evidence 762. Physiology 2010, Epub 05/15/2010. from formant structure, Proceedings of Woroch, B.; Gonsalves, B. D ., Event-related Fisher, C .; Gertner, Y.; Scott, R.; Yuan, S., Interspeech 2009 , Brighton, UK, 2009 . potential correlates of item and source memory Syntactic bootstrapping. Wiley Interdisciplinary Nelson, M. E. , Smart Sensing Strategies: strength. Brain Research 2010, 1317, 180-191. Reviews: Cognitive Science 2010, 1, 143-149. Insights from a Biologically Active Sensing Gratton, G .; Fabiani, M ., Fast optical imaging System. Proceedings of the 5th International of human brain function. Frontiers in Human Workshop on Advanced Smart Materials and Neuroscience 2010, 4:52. Smart Structures Technology, Boston, MA, doi:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00052. 2009 . Gupta, R.; Duff, M. C.; Denburg, N. L.; Cohen, Rothganger, F. H.; Anastasio, T. J. , Using input N. J .; Bechara, A.; Tranel, D., Declarative mem - minimization to train a cerebellar model to ory is critical for sustained advantageous com - simulate regulation of smooth pursuit. plex decision-making. Neuropsychologia 2009, Biological Cybernetics 2009, 101, (5-6), 339- 47, (7), 1686-1693. 359.

37 SELECTED FACULTY AWARDS, PATENTS, GRANTS, AND PUBLICATIONS

Covering July 1, 2009 – June 30, 2010 Douglas L. Jones, Electrical and Computer • Plenary Speaker, Picture Coding Symposium, Engineering 2009 HCII FACULTY Yi Ma, Electrical and Computer Engineering Edward McAuley (name followed by home department) Pierre Moulin, Electrical and Computer • Appointed Chair, Psychosocial Risk and Engineering Disease Prevention Study Section, National Artificial Intelligence Klara Nahrstedt, Computer Science Institutes of Health, 2009 Narendra Ahuja, Electrical and Computer HCII SELECTED HONORS AND AWARDS • Invited to participate on the NIH Engineering Distinguished Editorial Panels, the group re - Jont Allen, Electrical and Computer Engineering Narendra Ahuja sponsible for evaluating critiques of ARRA Eyal Amir, Computer Science • Open Innovation Research Award, Hewlett- Challenge Grants and assigning final impact Timothy W. Bretl, Aerospace Engineering Packard, 2008 and 2009 evaluations, 2009 Todd P. Coleman, Electrical and Computer Todd Coleman • Distinguished Lecturer, Institute for Health Engineering • Co-recipient, College of Engineering’s Research and Policy, University of Illinois- Gerald F. Dejong, Computer Science Grainger Award in Emerging Technologies, Chicago, 2010 Roxanna Girju, Linguistics 2008 Mark A. Hasegawa-Johnson, Electrical and Deana C McDonagh • DARPA ISAT study group selection, 2009 • Fellow, World Demographic Association Computer Engineering • Fellow, Center for Advanced Study, UIUC Seth A. Hutchinson, Electrical and Computer • Fellow, Design Research Society Engineering Roxana Girju • Fellow, Royal Society of Arts Steven M. Lavalle, Computer Science • Excellent evaluation for the tutorial “Semantic Pierre Moulin Stephen E. Levinson, Electrical and Computer Relation Extraction and its Applications,” • IEEE Signal Processing Board of Governors, Engineering European Summer School in Logic, Language, 2005-2008 Silvina A. Montrul, Spanish, Italian, and and Information (ESSLLI) 2008 • Founding Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions Portugese Mark Hasegawa-Johnson on Information Forensics and Security , 2005- Dan Roth, Computer Science • Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions on Audio 2008 Ryan K. Shosted, Linguistics Speech and Language, 2006-2009 • Top 10% paper award, IEEE Multimedia • Workshops Chair, HLT/NAACL, June 2009 Workshop, 2009 Human Perception and Performance • Associate Editor, Journal of the Acoustical •3rd Best Paper award, SPIE conference on Matthew Dye, Speech and Hearing Science Society of America, 2009-present Watermarking and Media Forensics, 2009 Wai-Tat Fu, Human Factors Division • Associate Editor, Laboratory Phonology, 2009- Daniel J Simons Charles H. Hillman, Kinesiology and Community present • Graduate Student Organization Award for ex - Health • General Chair, Speech Prosody 2010, May 11- cellence in graduate instruction and mentor - Derek W. Hoiem, Computer Science 14 2010 ing, University of Illinois, 2008 Fatima T. Husain, Speech and Hearing Science David E. Irwin, Psychology Dan Roth Elizabeth Al Stine-Morrow Alex Kirlik, Human Factors Division • Fellow, Association for the Advancement of • President, Division 20 (Adult Development Arthur F. Kramer, Psychology Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), 2009 and Aging) of the American Psychological Charissa Lansing, Speech and Hearing Science • Ryan K. Shosted, Linguistics Association Alejandro Lleras, Psychology • Arnold O. Beckman Award, 2009 and 2010 Edward McAuley, Kinesiology and Community Thomas Huang HCII INVENTION DISCLOSURES Health • Open Innovation Research Award, Hewlett- Faculty members from the Human-Computer Jason S. McCarley, Human Factors Division Packard, 2009 Intelligent Interaction research theme were inven - Deana C. McDonagh, Industrial Design • Star Challenge (A*STAR) Grand Finals, tors on six invention disclosures (3.4% of the 178 Daniel G. Morrow, Human Factors Division Illinois team placed 3rd, 2009 invention disclosures filed by campus) during Daniel J. Simons, Psychology Fatima Husain FY2010. Jacob J. Sosnoff, Kinesiology and Community • Chosen to attend the UC-Davis ERP HCII SELECTED PATENTS AND PATENT Health Bootcamp, from July 20-29, 2009 Elizabeth A L Stine-Morrow, Educational APPLICATIONS Alex Kirlik Psychology Faculty members from the Human-Computer Ranxiao Wang, Psychology • Editorial Board Member, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (2009 - ) Intelligent Interaction research theme were inven - tors on the following four patents issued (5.8% of Image Formation and Processing Alejandro Lleras, Psychology the 69 patents issued to campus) during FY2010 Brian P. Bailey, Computer Science • Department of Psychology Head Award for (Beckman Institute faculty members are listed in Yoram Bresler, Electrical and Computer outstanding service, 2009 bold): Engineering • Helen Corley Petit Scholar, 2010-2011 (for Minh N. Do, Electrical and Computer Engineering outstanding record as assistant professor in the Albert Feng , Michael Lockwood, Douglas Jones , George K. Francis, Mathematics College of Liberal Arts & Sciences) Carolyn J. Bilger (Legal Representative), Charissa Jiawei Han, Computer Science Lansing , William O’Brien , Bruce Wheeler , and Thomas S. Huang, Electrical and Computer Yi Ma Robert Bilger: “Systems and Methods For Engineering • Keynote Speaker, Workshop on Local and Interference-Suppression With Directional Non-Local Approximation in Image Sensing Patterns,” Patent issued August 18, 2009, Processing, 2009 38 Patent Number 7,577,266. Douglas Jones , Michael Lockwood, Robert C. neurophysiological measures. In Neuronal Oxford University Press: New York, NY, 2010 . Bilger, Carolyn T. Bilger (Legal Representative), Variability and Its Functional Significance , Ding, Albert Feng , Charissa Lansing , William M.; Glanzman, D., Eds. Oxford University Press: Ning, H. Z.; Xu, W.; Zhou, Y.; Gong, Y. H.; Huang, O’Brien , Bruce Wheeler , Mark Elledge, and 2010 . T. S ., A General Framework to Detect Unsafe Chen Liu: “Interference Suppression Techniques,” System States From Multisensor Data Stream. IEEE Patent issued November 3, 2009, Patent Number Erickson, K. I.; Prakash, R. S.; Voss, M. W.; Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 7,613,309. Chaddock, L.; Hu, L.; Morris, K. S.; White, S. M.; 2010, 11, (1), 4-15. Wojcicki, T. R.; McAuley, E .; Kramer, A. F ., Erik Larsen, Albert Feng , and Douglas Jones : Aerobic Fitness is Associated With Hippocampal Noh, S.; Gao, X.; Stine-Morrow, E ., The Effects of “Room Volume and Room Dimension Volume in Elderly Humans. Hippocampus 2009, Resource Allocation and Fluid Ability on Text Estimation,” Patent issued March 30, 2010, Patent 19, (10), 1030-1039. Memory Change through Later Adulthood. Number 7,688,678. Gerontologist 2009, 49, 349-350. Gao, C.; Hua, H.; Ahuja, N ., A hemispherical im - Ashvin K. George and Yoram Bresler : “Fast aging camera. Computer Vision and Image Sarmiento, A.; Murrieta-Cid, R.; Hutchinson, S ., Hierarchical Tomography Methods and Understanding 2010, 114, (2), 168-178. An Efficient Motion Strategy to Compute Apparatus,” Patent issued June 1, 2010, Patent Expected-Time Locally Optimal Continuous Number 7,729,526. Gilbert, J. l.; Steelman-Allen, K. S.; Lansing, C. Search Paths in Known Environments. Advanced R.; McCarley, J. S .; Kramer, A. F ., Effect of over - Robotics 2009, 23, (12-13), 1533-1560. HCII GRANTS AWARDED ($5,567,492) heard conversations on bystander productivity. Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2009, 53, Stivers, T.; Enfield, N. J.; Brown, P.; Englert, C.; Timothy Bretl , NSF, “Eager: Control Systems, (8), 1314-1318. Hayashi, M.; Heinemann, T.; Hoymann, G.; Mechanical Symmetry, and the Origins of Rossano, F.; de Ruiter, J. P.; Yoon, K. E.; Levinson, Language,” August, 15, 2009-July 31, 2010, Huang, T. S .; Hasegawa-Johnson, M. A .; Chu, S. S. C ., Universals and cultural variation in turn-tak - $45,000. M.; Zeng, Z. H.; Tang, H., Sensitive Talking ing in conversation. Proceedings of the National Heads. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 2009, Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Timothy Bretl and Seth Hutchinson , NSF, “CPS: 26, (4), 67-72. 2009, 106, (26), 10587-10592. Small: Mathematical, Computational, and Perceptual Foundations for Interactive Cyber- Husain, F. T .; Patkin, D. J.; Thai-Van, H.; Braun, Thomas, L. E.; Lleras, A ., Swinging into thought: Physical Systems,” September 1, 2009-August 31, A. R.; Horwitz, B., Distinguishing the processing Directed movement guides insight in problem 2012, $525,000. of gestures from signs in deaf individuals: An solving. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2009, 16, fMRI study. Brain Research 2009, 1276, 140-150. (4), 719-723. Douglas Jones , Todd Coleman , Monica Fabiani , and Robert Wickesberg, NSF, “IGERT: Jones, D. L .; Ratham, R., Blind location and sepa - Vidoni, E. D.; McCarley, J. S .; Edwards, J. D.; Boyd, Neuroengineering-A Unified Educational ration of callers in a natural chorus using a mi - L. A., Manual and oculomotor performance de - Program for Systems Engineering and crophone array. Journal of the Acoustical Society velop contemporaneously but independently dur - Neuroscience,” August 1, 2009-July 31, 2014, of America 2009, 126, (2), 895-910. ing continuous tracking. Experimental Brain $2,992,413. Research 2009, 195, (4), 611-620. Jourdas, J. F.; Moulin, P ., High-Rate Random- Stephen Levinson , Sandia National Laboratories, Like Spherical Fingerprinting Codes With Linear Wan, X. I.; Ambinder, M. S.; Simons, D. J. , Change “Mathematical Models of Neocortical Circuits,” Decoding Complexity. IEEE Transactions on blindness. In The Oxford Companion to August 16, 2009-August 15, 2010, $53,231. Information Forensics and Security 2009, 4, (4), Consciousness Bayne, T.; Cleeremans, A.; Wilken, 768-780. P., Eds. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2009 ; Daniel Morrow and Elizabeth Stine-Morrow , pp 130-133. NIH, “Medtable: An EMR Strategy to Promote Li, F.; Allen, J. B ., Additivity law of frequency in - Patient Medication Understanding and Use,” tegration for consonant identification in white White, S. M.; Klamm, E. L.; McAuley, E ., Leading a April 7, 2010-February 28, 2011, $1,877,848. noise. Journal of Acoustical Society of America physically active lifestyle: Effective individual be - 2009, 126, (1), 347-353. havior change strategies. American College of Sports Richard Sproat , Mark Hasegawa-Johnson, Medicine Health & Fitness Journal 2010, 14, 8-15. Chilin Shih , Kathryn Bock , and Brian Ross , Ma, Y. ; Miller, J. C.; Crandall, H.; Larsen, E. T.; NSF, “DHB: An Interdisciplinary Study of the Dunn, D. M.; Weiss, R. B.; Subramanian, M.; Xu, D.; Yan, S. C.; Lin, S.; Huang, T. S .; Chang, S. Dynamics of Second Language Fluency,” May 4, Weis, J. H.; Zachary, J. F.; Teuscher, C.; Weis, J. J., F., Enhancing Bilinear Subspace Learning by 2010-January 31, 2011, $24,000. Interval-Specific Congenic Lines Reveal Element Rearrangement. IEEE Transactions on Quantitative Trait Loci with Penetrant Lyme Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2009, 31, Stephen Levinson , DOD-Naval Research Lab, Arthritis Phenotypes on Chromosomes 5, 11, (10), 1913-1920. “The Role of Sensorimotor Function, Associative and 12. Infection and Immunity 2009, 77, (8), Memory and Reinforcement Learning in 3302-3311. Yoon, S. Y.; Pierce, L.; Huensch, A.; Juul, E.; Automatic Acquisition of Spoken Language by an Perkins, S.; Sproat, R .; Hasegawa-Johnson, M. , Autonomous Robot,” June 1, 2010-June 15, 2011, McDonagh, D ., Empathic Design: Disability + Construction of a rated speech corpus of L2 learn - $50,000. Relevant Design. Journal of Nanjing University of ers’ speech. CA-LICO Journal 2009, 26, (3), 662- Science and Technology (Natural Science) 2009, 673. HCII SELECTED PUBLICATIONS 33, 24-29. Yu, T. L.; Luo, J. B.; Ahuja, N ., Search strategies for Coleman, T. P. ; Yanike, M.; Suzuku, W.; Brown, Morrow, D. G .; Fischer, U. M., Communication shape regularized active contour. Computer Vision E. N., A mixed-filter algorithm for dynamically in socio-technical systems. In Oxford Handbook and Image Understanding 2009, 113, (10), 1053- tracking learning from multiple behavioral and of Cognitive Engineering Lee, J. D.; Kirlik, A., Eds. 1063.

39 SELECTED FACULTY AWARDS, PATENTS, GRANTS, AND PUBLICATIONS

Covering July 1, 2009 – June 30, 2010 INTIM INVENTION DISCLOSURES Douglas Jones , Michael Lockwood, Robert C. Faculty members from the Integrative Imaging Bilger, Carolyn T. Bilger (Legal Representative), Albert Feng Charissa Lansing William INTEGRATIVE IMAGING FACULTY research theme were inventors on 19 invention , , O’Brien Bruce Wheeler (name followed by home department) disclosures (10.7% of the 178 invention disclosures , , Mark Elledge, and filed by campus) during FY2010. Chen Liu: “Interference Suppression Techniques,” Bioacoustics Research Laboratory Patent issued November 3, 2009, Patent Number William D. O’Brien, Electrical and Computer INTIM SELECTED PATENTS AND PATENT 7,613,309. Engineering APPLICATIONS Stephen Boppart and Woong Gyu Jung: Michael L. Oelze, Bioengineering Faculty members from the Integrative Imaging re - “Apparatus for Biomedical Imaging,” Patent filed Douglas Simpson, Statistics search theme were inventors on the following seven November 18, 2009, Application Number patent applications (5.0% of the 139 patent appli - 61/262,429. Bioimaging Science and Technology cations filed by the campus) and ten patents issued Rohit Bhargava, Bioengineering Stephen Boppart (14.5% of the 69 patents issued to campus) during and Daniel Marks: “Nonlinear Stephen Boppart, Electrical and Computer FY2010 (Beckman Institute faculty members are Interferometric Vibrational Imaging,” Patent is - Engineering listed in bold): sued November 24, 2009, Patent Number Marni Boppart, Kinesiology and Community 7,623,908. Health Gabriel Popescu and Zhuo Wang: “Jones Phase Michael Insana Scott Carney, Electrical and Computer Microscopy of Transparent Samples,” Patent filed , Marko Orescanin, and Kathleen Engineering July 24, 2009, Application Number 12/460,808. Toohey: “Techniques to Evaluate Mechanical Michael Insana, Bioengineering Properties of a Biologic Material,” Patent filed Jianming Jin, Electrical and Computer Albert Feng , Michael Lockwood, Douglas Jones , December 1, 2009, Application Number Engineering Carolyn J. Bilger (Legal Representative), Charissa 12/592,717. Lansing , William O’Brien , Bruce Wheeler , and John A. Katzenellenbogen, Chemistry Stephen Robert Bilger: “Systems and Methods For Daniel Marks, Brynmor Davis, Zhi-Pei Liang, Electrical and Computer Boppart Paul Carney Interference-Suppression With Directional , and : “Partially Coherent Engineering Illumination for Inverse Scattering Full-Field Ling J. Meng, Nuclear, Plasma, and Radiological Sensing Patterns,” Patent issued August 18, 2009, Patent Number 7,577,266. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Microscopy,” Engineering Patent issued January 5, 2010, Patent Number William C. Olivero, Surgery Kenneth Suslick , Sung Lim, Jonathan Kemling, 7,643,155. Gabriel Popescu, Electrical and Computer Christopher Musto, and Liang Feng: rad Sutton Engineering “Colorimetric Sensor Arrays Based on B : “Method for Dynamic Motion Martin Starzewski, Mechanical Science and Nanoporous Pigments,” Patent filed Guided Functional Magnetic Resonance Engineering September 2, 2009, Application Number Imaging,” Patent filed February 1, 2010, Kenneth S. Suslick, Chemistry 12/552,899. Application Number 12/697,617. Brad Sutton, Bioengineering Jin Kwak, Rohit Bhargava , and Saurabh Sinha: Kimani Toussaint, Mechanical Science and Daniel Marks and Stephen Boppart : “Multimodal Microscopy for Automated Engineering “Distinguishing Non-Resonant Four-Wave- Histologic Analysis of Prostate Cancer,” Patent Amy J. Wagoner Johnson, Mechanical Science Mixing Noise in Coherent Stokes and Anti- filed April 20, 2010, Application Number and Engineering Stokes Raman Scattering,” Patent issued 61/326,151. Michelle Wang, Statistics September 8, 2009, Patent Number 7,586,618. Ning Wang, Mechanical Science and Engineering Zhi-Pei Liang Haohua Tu and Stephen Boppart : “Optical Dan Xu, Kevin F. King, and : John Wang, Surgery Frequency Up-Conversion of Femtosecond “System and Method for Designing Improved RF Yingxiao Wang, Bioengineering Pulses into the Visible and Ultraviolet,” Patent Pulse Profiles,” Patent issued April 27, 2010, Kenneth L. Watkin, Speech and Hearing Science filed September 16, 2009, Application Number Patent Number 7,705,594. Sheng Zhong, Bionengineering 61/276,774. Stephen Boppart and Chenyang Xu: “Contrast Enhanced Spectroscopic Optical Coherence INTIM SELECTED HONORS AND AWARDS Kevin F. King, Dan Xu, and Zhi-Pei Liang : “Hybrid K-T Method of Dynamic Imaging with Tomography,” Patent issued May 25, 2010, Patent Zhi-Pei Liang Improved Spatiotemporal Resolution,” Patent is - Number 7,725,169. • Fellow, International Society for Magnetic sued September 22, 2009, Patent Number Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM), 2010 INTIM GRANTS AWARDED ($6,752,962) 7,592,809. • President-elect, IEEE Engineering in Medicine Brad Sutton and David Kuehn , NIH, “MRI and Biology Society (EMBS), 2009 Tyler Ralston, Daniel Marks, Paul Carney , and Analyses of the Velopharyngeal Mechanism Stephen Boppart : “Interferometric Synthetic among Different Adult Populations,” June 5, Kenneth Suslick Aperture Microscopy,” Patent issued October 13, 2009-May 31, 2012, $276,442. • 3ème Cycle Lectureship, Switzerland, 2010 2009, Patent Number 7,602,501. • Fellow, Materials Research Society, 2010 Marni Boppart , Stephen Boppart , and Bradford • Acoustical Society of America Mentorship Stephen Boppart and Alexander Wei: “Multi- Schwartz, Ellison Medical Foundation, Award, 2009 Functional Plasmon-Resonant Contrast Agents “Utilization of Alpha7 Integrin-Derived Stem for Optical Coherence,” Patent issued October 27, Cells as Therapy for the Alleviation of Michael Oelze, Bioengineering 2009, Patent Number 7,610,074. Scarcopenia,” August 16, 2009-August 15, 2013, Senior Member, IEEE, 2009 $400,000.

40 Stephen Boppart , NIH, “Nonlinear scopic imaging. Analytical and Bioanalytical Liang, X.; Orescanin, M.; Toohey, K. S.; Insana, Interferometric Vibrational Imaging of Cancer,” Chemistry 2009, 394, (8), 2069–2075. M. F .; Boppart, S. A ., Acoustomotive optical co - August 18, 2009-July 31, 2011, $577,528. herence elastography for measuring material me - Chowdary, P. D.; Benalcazar, W. A.; Jiang, Z.; chanical properties. Optics Letters 2009, 34, (19), Stephen Boppart and Marni Boppart , NSF, “3- Marks, D. M.; Boppart, S. A .; Gruebele, M ., 2894-2896. D Optical Tracking of Bone-Marrow Derived High Speed Nonlinear Interferometric Skin Stem Cells,” August 15, 2009-July 31, 2012, Vibrational Analysis of Lipids by Spectral Ostoja-Starzewski, M ., A derivation of the $306,000. Decomposition. Analytical Chemistry 2010, 82, Maxwell-Cattaneo equation from the free energy (9), 3812-3818. and dissipation potentials. International Journal Stephen Boppart , Sharon Donovan, Lawrence of Engineering Science 2009, 47, (7-8), 807-810. Schook , Charles Werth, and Scott White , NSF, Davis, B. J.; Carney, P. S .; Bhargava, R ., Theory “MRI: Acquisition of a Molecular Imaging of Midinfrared Absorption Microspectroscopy: I. Park, Y.; Diez-Silva, M.; Fu, D.; Popescu, G .; Instrument for Dynamic Materials and Biological Homogeneous Samples. Analytical Chemistry Choi, W.; Barman, I.; Suresh, S.; Feld, M. S., Static Systems,” September 1, 2009-August 31, 2012, 2010, 82, (9), 3474-3486. and dynamic light scattering of healthy and $1,770,910. malaria-parasite invaded red blood cells. Journal Ding, H. F.; Nguyen, F.; Boppart, S. A. ; Popescu, of Biomedical Optics 2010, 15, (2). Stephen Boppart and Kenneth Suslick , NIH, G., Optical properties of tissues quantified by “Targeted Microspheres for Contrast Fourier-transform light scattering. Optics Letters Poellmann, M. J.; Harrell, P. A.; King, W. P .; Enhancement in Optical Coherence 2009, 34, (9), 1372-1374. Wagoner Johnson, A. J ., Geometric microenvi - Tomography,” July 15, 2009-June 30, 2013, ronment directs cell morphology on topographi - $1,293,533. Fortunato, M. E.; Rostam-Abadi, M.; Suslick, K. cally patterned hydrogel substrates. Acta S. , Nanostructured Carbons Prepared by Biomaterialia , 2010, on-line . William O’Brien , Stephen Boppart , Michael Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis. Chemistry of Insana , Michael Oelze , Kenneth Wilund, Marni Materials 2010, 22, (5), 1610-1612. Ralston, T. S.; Charvat, G. L.; Adie, S. G.; Davis, Boppart , Martha Gillette , John Erdman, and B. J.; Carney, P. S .; Boppart, S. A ., Iwona Jasiuk , NIH, “High- Resolution In Vivo Heo, S.; Prakash, R. S.; Voss, M. W.; Erickson, K. Interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy: Ultrasound Imaging using VisualSonics Vevo I.; Ouyang, C.; Sutton, B. P .; Kramer, A. F ., Microscopic laser radar. Optics and Photonics 2100 System,” September 1, 2009-August 31, Resting hippocampal blood flow, spatial memory News 2010, 21, 32-38. 2010, $479,498. and aging. Brain Research 2010, 1315, 119-127. Sakoglu, U.; Pearlson, G. D.; Keihl, K. A.; Wang, Gabriel Popescu , NIH, “Label Free Imaging of Hruska, D. P.; Oelze, M. L ., Improved Parameter Y. M .; Michael, A. M.; Calhoun, V. D., A Method Blood Smears and Tissue Biopsies,” April 8, 2010- Estimates Based on the Homodyned K for Evaluating Dynamics Functional Network March 31, 2012, $321,721. Distribution. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Connectivity and Task-Modulation: Application Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 2009, 56, to Schizophrenia. Magnetic Resonance Materials Brad Sutton and Brian Gonsalves , UTD, (11), 2471-2481. in Physics, Biology, and Medicine 2010, “Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging and Culture,” 10.1007/s10334-010-0197-8. July 1, 2009-June 30, 2010, $116,865. Kalyanam, S.; Yapp, R. D.; Insana, M. F ., Poro- Viscoelastic Behavior of Gelatin Hydrogels Santin, M. D.; King, D. A.; Foiret, J.; Haak, A.; Brad Sutton , Wen-Mei Hwu, and Zhi-Pei Liang , Under Compression-Implications for O’Brien, W. D .; Bridal, S. L., Encapsulated con - NIH, “Accelerating Advanced MRI Bioelasticity Imaging. Journal of Biomechanical trast microbubble radial oscillation associated Reconstructions on GPUs,” June 1, 2010-May 31, Engineering-Transactions of the Asme 2009, 131, with postexcitation pressure peaks. Journal of the 2012, $405,470. (8). Acoustical Society of America 2010, 127, (2), Rohit Bhargava and Minh Do , NSF, “Novel Karampinos, D. C.; King, K. F.; Sutton, B. P .; 1156-1164. Acquisition and Computation in Vibrational Georgiadis, J. G ., Myofiber Ellipticity as an Siriani, D. F.; Choquette, K. D.; Carney, P. S ., Spectroscopic Imaging,” June 15, 2010-May 31, Explanation for Transverse Asymmetry of Stochastic coupled mode theory for partially co - 2013, $400,000. Skeletal Muscle Diffusion MRI In Vivo Signal. herent laser arrays. Journal of the Optical Society Annals of Biomedical Engineering 2009, 37, (12), of America A-Optics Image Science and Vision Brad Sutton and Arthur Kramer , NIH, 2532-2546. “Controlling Sensitivity Bias in Functional MRI 2010, 27, (3), 501-508. Studies Due to Field Inhomogenity,” July 1, 2010- Karampinos, D. C.; Van, A. T.; Olivero, W. C .; Wang, Z.; Popescu, G ., Quantitative phase imag - June 30, 20102, $404,995. Georgiadis, J. G .; Sutton, B. P ., High-Resolution ing with broadband fields. Applied Physics Letters Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Human Pons 2010, 96, (5). INTIM SELECTED PUBLICATIONS With a Reduced Field-of-View, Multishot, Variable-Density, Spiral Acquisition at 3 T. Xu, H. X.; Suslick, K. S ., Molecular Emission and Ahmad, A.; Adie, S. G.; Wang, M.; Boppart, S. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 2009, 62, (4), Temperature Measurements from Single-Bubble A., Sonification of optical coherence tomography 1007-1016. Sonoluminescence. Physical Review Letters 2010, data and images. Optics Express 2010, 18, (10), 104, 244301. 9934-9944. Li, J.; Ostoja-Starzewski, M ., Fractal solids, product measures and fractional wave equations. Zysk, A. M.; Schoonover, R. W.; Carney, P. S .; Bhargava, R .; Perlman, R. S.; Fernandez, D. C.; Proceedings of the Royal Society a-Mathematical Anastasio, M. A., Transport of intensity and spec - Levin , I. W.; Bartick, E. G., Non-invasive detec - Physical and Engineering Sciences 2009, 465, trum for partially coherent felds. Optics Letters tion of superimposed latent fingerprints and (2108), 2521-2536. 2010, 35, (13), 2239-2241 inter-ridge trace evidence by infrared spectro -

41 SELECTED FACULTY AWARDS, PATENTS, GRANTS, AND PUBLICATIONS

Covering July 1, 2009 – June 30, 2010 Gregory Girolami, Chemistry Deborah Leckband Martin Gruebele, Chemistry • Fellow, American Chemical Society (ACS), M&ENS Faculty Jean-Pierre Leburton, Electrical and Computer 2009 (name followed by home department) Engineering Xiuling Li, Electrical and Computer Engineering Yi Lu 3D Micro- and Nanosystems Joseph W. Lyding, Electrical and Computer • Illinois Sustainable Technology Center (ISTC) Rashid Bashir, Electrical and Computer Engineering Research Fellow Award, 2009 Engineering Nancy Makri, Chemistry • Special Creativity Extension Award, National Paul V. Braun, Materials Science and Engineering Margery Osborne. Curriculum and Instruction Science Foundation (NSF), 2009 Nicholas X. Fang, Mechanical Science and Eric Pop, Electrical and Computer Engineering Eric Pop Engineering Angus Rockett, Materials Science and Engineering • Young Investigator Research Award, U.S. Air Steve Granick, Materials Science and Engineering Moonsub Shim, Materials Science and Force, 2009 Iwona M. Jasiuk, Mechanical Science and Engineering • Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Engineering Gregory L. Timp, Electrical and Computer Award, National Science Foundation (NSF), Paul J. Kenis, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 2010 Engineering Min-Feng Yu, Mechanical Science and • Young Investigators Award, Office of Naval William P. King, Mechanical Science and Engineering Research (ONR), 2010 Engineering Deborah E. Leckband, Chemistry Theoretical and Computational Biophysics John Rogers Yi Lu, Chemistry Laxmikant V. Kale, Computer Science • Fellow, IEEE, 2010 John A. Rogers, Materials Science and Zan Luthey-Schulten, Chemistry • MacArthur Fellow, John D. and Catherine T. Engineering Klaus J. Schulten, Physics MacArthur Foundation , 2009 Mark A. Shannon, Mechanical Science and John Stack, Physics Engineering Emadeddin Tajkhorshid, Biochemistry M&ENS SELECTED PATENTS AND PATENT Stephen G. Sligar, Biochemistry APPLICATIONS Pierre Wiltzius, Materials Science and M&ENS SELECTED HONORS AND Engineering Faculty members from the Molecular and AWARDS Electronic Nanostructures research theme were in - Autonomous Materials Systems Alek Aksimentiev ventors on the following 21 patent applications Ioannis Chasiotis, Aerospace Engineering • Career Award, National Science Foundation (15.1% of the 139 patent applications filed by the Philippe H. Geubelle, Aerospace Engineering (NSF), 2010 campus) and 17 patents issued (24.6% of the 69 Jennifer A. Lewis, Materials Science and • Beckman Fellowship, Center for Advanced patents issued to campus) during FY2010 Engineering Study (UIUC), 2009-2010 (Beckman Institute faculty members are listed in Jeffrey S. Moore, Chemistry Paul Braun bold): Nancy R. Sottos, Materials Science and • Friedrich Wihelm Bessel Research Award, Engineering John Rogers , Dahl-Young Khang, and Etienne Humboldt Foundation, 2010 Scott R. White, Aerospace Engineering Menard: “Stretchable Semiconductor Elements Ioannis Chasiotis and Stretchable Electrical Circuits,” Patent issued Computational Multiscale Nanosystems • Xerox Award for Faculty Research, 2010 July 7, 2009, Patent Number 7,557,367. Narayana R. Aluru, Mechanical Science and • Presidential Early Career Award, National Engineering Alfred Baca, John Rogers, Heung Cho Ko, Science Foundation (NSF), 2009 Andreas Cangellaris, Electrical and Computer Michael Motala, Ralph Nuzzo, Sang II Park, • Willett Faculty Scholar of Engineering, 2009 and Engineering Chang Jae Yu, Jongseung Yoon, Matthew Meitl, John G. Georgiadis, Mechanical Science and Nicholas Fang Mark Stoykovich, and Jong-Hyun Ahn: “Optical Engineering • Faculty Early Career Development (CA - Systems Fabricated by Printing-Based Assembly,” Eric Jakobsson, Molecular and Integrative REER) Award, National Science Foundation Patent filed July 9, 2009, Application Number Physiology (NSF), 2009 12/522,582. Harley T. Johnson, Mechanical Science and • John G. Bollinger Outstanding Young Yi Lu , Abhijit Mishra, Mehmet Veysel Yigit, and Engineering Manufacturing Engineer Award, Society of Gerard Wong : “Amphiphilic Substances and Olgica Milenkovic, Electrical and Computer Manufacturing Engineers (SME), 2009 Functionalized lipid Vesicles Including the Same,” Engineering Martin Gruebele Patent filed July 16, 2009, Application Number Christopher V. Rao, Chemical and Biomolecular 12/523,443. Engineering • American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2010 Umberto Ravaioli, Electrical and Computer Harley Johnson Jonathan Engel, Jack Chen, and Chang Liu : Engineering • Thomas J.R. Hughes Young Investigator “Artificial Lateral Line Sensor,” Patent filed July 23, 2009, Application Number 12/508,229. Nanoelectronics and Nanomaterials Award, American Society of Mechanical Ilesanmi Adesida, Electrical and Computer Engineers (ASME), 2010 Jeffrey Moore , Joseph Rule, Scott White , Nancy Engineering William King Sottos , and Eric Brown: “Wax Particles for Aleksei Aksimentiev, Physics • Bergles-Rohsenow Young Investigator Award Protection of Activators, and Multifunctional Alexey Bezryadin, Physics in Heat Transfer, American Society of Autonomically Healing Composite Materials,” Matthew Gilbert, Electrical and Computer Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 2009 Patent issued July 28, 2009, Patent Number Engineering 7,566,747. 42 Michael Keller, Nancy Sottos , and Scott White : Devices for Fabricating and Assembling Printable with Embedded Capillary Network,” Patent filed “Self-Healing Elastomer System,” Patent issued Semiconductor Elements,” Patent issued March 23, 2010, Application Number 12/679,497. August 4, 2009, Patent Number 7,569,625. November 24, 2009, Patent Number 7,622,367. Stephen Sligar and Timothy Baybert: Stephen Sligar and Timothy Baybert: “Membrane James Morrissey, Vincent Pureza, and Stephen “Membrane Scaffold Proteins,” Patent issued Scaffold Proteins and Tethered Membrane Sligar : “Tissue Factor Compositions and (Continuation) April 6, 2010, Patent Number Proteins,” Patent issued August 18, 2009, Patent Methods,” Patent issued November 24, 2009, 7,691,414. Number 7,575,763. Patent Number 7,622,437. Scott White , Mary Caruso, David Delafuente, Scott White , Nancy Sottos , Jericho Moll, Gregory Timp , Utkur Mirsaidov, Aleksei Nancy Sottos , Jeffrey Moore , Jason Kamphaus, Benjamin Blaiszik, and Brett Beiermann: Aksimentiev , Jeffrey Comer, and Winston Timp: and Benjamin Blaiszik: “Solvent-Promoted Self- “Interfacial Functionalization for Self-Healing “Polynucleotide Sequencing by Solid-State Healing Materials,” Patent filed April 23, 2010, Composites,” Patent filed August 18, 2009, Nanopassages,” Patent filed December 18, 2009, Application Number 12/739,537. Application Number 12/543,206. Application Number 61/287,974. John Rogers , Seokwoo Jeon, and Jangung Park; Ioannis Chasiotis and Mohammad Naraghi: Paul Kenis , Adrzej Wieckowski, and Eric Choban: “Methods and Devices for Fabrication Three “Stress Micro Mechanical Test Cell, Device, “Membraneless Electrochemical Cell and Dimensional Nanoscale Structures,” Patent issued System and Methods,” Patent filed August 19, Microfluidic Device without PH Constraint,” April 27, 2010, Patent Number 7,704,684. 2009, Application Number 12/527,776. Patent issued December 22, 2009, Patent Number 7,635,530. Ralph Nuzzo, John Rogers , Nathan Mack, William King , Kevin Kjoller, Jonathan Felts, and Matthew Stewart , Viktor Malyarchuk, and Craig Prater: “Microcantilever with Reduced John Rogers : “Nanoscale, Electrified Liquid Jets Jimin Yao: “Multispectral Plasmonic Crystal Second Harmonic while in Contact with a Surface for High Resolution Printing of Charge,” Patent Sensors,” Patent issued April 27, 2010, Patent and Nano Scale Infrared Spectrometer,” Patent filed January 8, 2010, Application Number Number 7,705,280. filed September 11, 2009, Application Number 61/293,258. 12/558,150. James Henderson, Gerald Wilson, Christopher Chang Liu , Jonathan Engel, and Jack Chen: Britt, Benjamin Blaiszik, Nancy Sottos , Stephen Sligar , Timothy Bayburt, Mary Schuler, “Artificial Lateral Line,” Patent issued Scott White , Jeffrey Moore , and Mary Caruso: Natanya Civjan, Ylena Grinkova, Ilia Denisov, January 12, 2010, Patent Number 7,644,624. “Systems for Self-Healing Composite Materials,” and Stephen Grimme: “Membrane Scaffold Patent Filed April 29, 2010, Application Number Proteins,” Patent issued September 22, 2009, Jang-Ung Park, Placid Ferreira, John Rogers , and 12/769,904. Patent Number 7,592,008. Deepkishore Mukhopadhyay: “High Resolution Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing for John Rogers , Ralph Nuzzo, Hoon-Sik Kim, Eric Ralph Nuzzo, Etienne Menard, Zhengtao Zhu, Manufacturing Systems,” Patent filed January 15, Brueckner, Sang II Park, and Rak Kim: “Printed Yugang Sun, Keon Jae Lee, Matthew Meitl, 2010, Application Number 12/669,287. Assemblies of Inorganic Light-Emitting Diodes John Rogers , and Dahl-Young Khang: “Methods for Deformable and Semitransparent Displays,” and Devices for Fabricating and Assembling Larry Markoski, Jeffrey Moore , and Joseph Patent filed May 12, 2010, Application Number Printable Semiconductor Elements,” Patent filed Lyding : “Electrochemical Cells Comprising 12/778,588. September 22, 2009, Application Number Laminar Flow Induced Dynamic Conducting 12/564,566. Interfaces, Electronic Devices Comprising Such Paul Braun , Soo Hyoun Cho, and Scott White : Cells, and Methods Employing Same,” Patent is - “Self-Healing Coating System,” Patent issued May Paul Braun , Xindi Yu, and Hui Zhang: “Porous sued January 26, 2010, Patent Number 7,651,797. 25, 2010, Patent Number 7,723,405. Battery Electrode for a Rechargeable Battery and Method of Making the Electrode,” Patent filed Stephanie Potisek, Scott White , Douglas Davis, Yi Lu and Yu Xiang: “Personal Glucose Meters for October 7, 2009, Application Number 12/575,197. Jeffrey Moore , and Nancy Sottos : “Self-Assessing Detection and Quantification of a Broad Range of Mechanochromic Materials,” Patent filed January Analytes,” Patent filed May 26, 2010, Application Xiuling Li , Nicholas Fang , Winston Chern, Ik Su 26, 2010, Application Number 12/693,801. Number 61/348,615. Chun, Keng Hao Hsu, and Placid Ferreira: “Method of Forming an Array of High Aspect Yi Lu and Juewen Liu: “Nucleic Acid Based Fluorescent Sensor for Mercury Detection,” Patent Joshua Ritchey, Nancy Sottos , Mary Caruso, Ratio Semiconductor Nanostructures,” Patent Scott White , Odom Susan, Michael Thackeray, filed October 21, 2009, Application Number filed February 9, 2010, Application Number 12/672,833. Jeffrey Moore , Aaron Jackson, Khalil Amine, 61/253,700. Benjamin Blaiszik, Paul Braun , Aaron Finke, and Paul Braun , Soo Hyoun Cho, Scott White , Stephen Sligar and Timothy Baybert: “Membrane Marta Baginska: “Method and Apparatus for Nancy Sottos , and H. Magnus Andersson: “Self- Scaffold Proteins and Embedded Membrane Automatic Repair and Restoration of Electrical Healing Polymers,” Patent issued November 3, Proteins,” Patent issued February 16, 2010, Patent Conductivity,” Patent filed June 18, 2010, 2009, Patent Number 7,612,152. Number 7,662,410. Application Number 61/356,356. Yi Lu and Juewen Liu: “Nucleic Acid Biosensors,” John Rogers , David Kaplan, Fiorenzo Omenetto, M&ENS INVENTION DISCLOSURES Dae-Hyeong Kim, and Jason Amsden: Patent issued November 3, 2009, Patent Number Faculty members from the Molecular and 7,612,185. “Dissolvable Films of Silk Fibroin for Ultrathin, Conformal Bio-Integrated Electronics,” Patent filed Electronic Nanostructures research theme were in - Ralph Nuzzo, John Rogers , Etienne Menard, March 17, 2010, Application Number 61/314,739. ventors on 30 invention disclosures (16.9% of the Keon Jae Lee, Dahl-Young Khang, Yugang Sun, 178 invention disclosures filed by campus) during Matthew Meitl, and Zhengtao Zhu: “Methods and Andrew Cox, Nicholas Fang , and Chunguang Xia: FY2010. “Three-Dimensional Microfabricated Bioreactors 43 SELECTED FACULTY AWARDS, PATENTS, GRANTS, AND PUBLICATIONS

M&ENS SELECTED GRANTS AWARDED Aksimentiev, A .; Brunner, R. J.; Cruz-Chu, E. R.; Daly, S. R.; Girolami, G. S ., Synthesis, ($3,914,000) Comer, J.; Schulten, K ., Modeling Transport Characterization, and Structures of Divalent Deborah Leckband and Paul Braun , NSF, Through Synthetic Nanopores. IEEE Europium and Ytterbium N,N- “Mechanism and Dynamics of Protein Nanotechnology Magazine 2009, pp 21-28. Dimethylaminodiboranates. Inorganic Chemistry Interactions with Polymer Brushes,” October 1, 2010, 49, (10), 4578-4585. Aragon, A. M.; Duarte, C. A.; Geubelle, P. H ., 2008-September 30, 2011, $8,060. Generalized finite element enrichment functions Enkavi, G.; Tajkhorshid, E ., Simulation of Scott White , DOD, “2nd International for discontinuous gradient fields. International Spontaneous Substrate Binding Revealing the Conference on Self-Healing Materials,” Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Binding Pathway and Mechanism and Initial June 1, 2009-November 30, 2009, $70,000. 2010, 82, (2), 242-268. Conformational Response of GlpT. Biochemistry 2010, 49, (6), 1105-1114. Susan Odom (Postdoctoral Researcher with Arpin, K. A.; Mihi, A.; Johnson, H. T .; Baca, A. AMS), NSF, “Microencapsulated Molecular J.; Rogers, J. A .; Lewis, J. A .; Braun, P. V ., George, M. C.; Nelson, E. C.; Rogers, J. A .; Regenerators for Lithium Ion Batteries,” Multidimensional Architectures for Functional Braun, P. V ., Direct Fabrication of 3D Periodic September 1, 2009-August 31, 2011, $200,000. Optical Devices. Advanced Materials 2010, 22, Inorganic Microstructures using Conformal (10), 1084-1101. Phase Masks. Angewandte Chemie-International Klaus Schulten , Lilly Research Laboratories, Edition 2009, 48, (1), 144-148. “Computational Biology of the Cell-The Next Beiermann, B. A.; Keller, M. W.; Sottos, N. R ., Decade,” September 1, 2009-December 31, 2009, Self-healing flexible laminates for resealing of Gruebele, M ., How to mark off paths on the pro - $3,000. puncture damage. Smart Materials & Structures tein energy landscape. Proceedings of the National 2009, 18, (8), doi: 10.1088/0964- Academy of Sciences of the United States of Scott White , Nancy Sottos , and Philippe 1726/18/8/085001 . America 2009, 106, (45), 18879-18880. Geubelle , ONR Subaward through Texas A&M, “Synthesis, Characterization and Modeling of Blaiszik, B. J.; Kramer, S. L. B.; Olugebefola, S. C.; Hossain, M. Z.; Medhekar, N. V.; Shenoy, V. B.; Functionally Graded Multifunctional Hybrid Moore, J. S .; Sottos, N. R .; White, S. R ., Self- Johnson, H. T ., Enhanced quantum confinement Composites for Extreme Environments,” Healing Polymers and Composites. Annual due to nonuniform composition in alloy quan - September 15, 2009-September 14, 2014, Review of Materials Research 2010, 40, 179-211. tum dots. Nanotechnology 2010, 21, (9), doi: $1,500,000. 10.1088/0957-4484/21/9/095401 . Brassart, L.; Inglis, H. M.; Delannay, L.; Doghri, Klaus Schulten , Laxmikant Kale , Zaida Luthey- I.; Geubelle, P. H ., An extended Mori-Tanaka Jonnalagadda, K. N.; Chasiotis, I ., Strength and Schulten , Emadeddin Tajkhorshid , and Aleksei homogenization scheme for finite strain model - Fracture Resistance of Amorphous Diamond- Aksimentiev , NIH, “Resource for ing of debonding in particle-reinforced elas - Like Carbon Films for MEMS. Journal of Macromolecular Modeling,” September 25, 2009- tomers. Computational Materials Science 2009, Nanomaterials 2009, Article ID 204281, 1-8. July 31, 2010, $291,158. 45, (3), 611-616. Jonnalagadda, K. N.; Chasiotis, I. ; Yagnamurthy, Jeffrey Moore , American Chemical Society, Cannon, A. H.; King, W. P. , Microstructured S.; Lambros, J.; Pulskamp, J.; Polcawich, R.; “Associate Editor of the American Chemical metal molds fabricated via investment casting. Dubey, M., Experimental Investigation of Strain Society,” January 1, 2010-December 31, 2011, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering Rate Dependence of Nanocrystalline Pt Films. $147,288. 2010, 20, (2), doi: 10.1088/0960- Experimental Mechanics 2010, 50, (1), 25-35. 1317/20/2/025025 . Klaus Schulten , Antony Crofts, Stephen Sligar , Jonnalagadda, K. N.; Karanjgaokar, N.; Paul Selvin, Taekjip Ha , and Emadeddin Caruso, M. M.; Davis, D. A.; Shen, Q.; Odom, S. Chasiotis, I .; Chee, J.; Peroulis, D., Strain Rate Tajkhorshid , NIH, “Petascale Molecular A.; Sottos, N. R .; White, S. R .; Moore, J. S ., Sensitivity of Nanocrystalline Au Films at Room Dynamics Data Processing System,” April 1, Mechanically-Induced Chemical Changes in Temperature. Acta Materialia 2010, 58, 4674- 2010-March 31, 2011, $488,504. Polymeric Materials. Chemical Reviews 2009, 4684. 109, (11), 5755-5798. Jeffrey Moore , Paul Braun , and Nancy Sottos , Kollia, V.; Cangellaris, A. C ., A Domain US Army RDECOM Acquisition Center, Caruso, M. M.; Schelkopf, S. R.; Jackson, A. C.; Decomposition Approach for Efficient “Mechanochemically-Active Polymer Landry, A. M.; Braun, P. V .; Moore, J. S ., Electromagnetic Analysis of the Power Composites-HSAP,” May 10, 2010-August 31, Microcapsules containing suspensions of carbon Distribution Network of Packaged Electronic 2010, $6,000. nanotubes. Journal of Materials Chemistry 2009, Systems. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic 19, (34), 6093-6096. Compatibility 2010, 52, (2), 320-331. Scott White , Jeffrey Moore , and Nancy Sottos , AFOSR, “Regeneration and Remodeling of Chen, K.; Roberts, E.; Luthey-Schulten, Z ., Landis, E. C.; Klein, K. L.; Liao, A.; Pop, E .; Composite Materials,” June 1, 2010-May 31, Horizontal gene transfer of zinc and non-zinc Hensley, D. K.; Melechko, A. V.; Hamers, R. J., 2015, $1,200,000. forms of bacterial ribosomal protein S4. BMC Covalent Functionalization and Electron- Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9. Transfer Properties of Vertically Aligned Carbon M&ENS SELECTED PUBLICATIONS Nanofibers: The Importance of Edge-Plane Sites. Agarwal, N.; Aluru, N. R ., A domain adaptive Chiu, S. W.; Scott, H. L.; Jakobsson, E ., A Chemistry of Materials 2010, 22, (7), 2357-2366. stochastic collocation approach for analysis of Coarse-Grained Model Based on Morse Potential MEMS under uncertainties. Journal of for Water and n-Alkanes. Journal of Chemical Liu, F.; Gruebele, M. , Mapping an Aggregation Computational Physics 2009, 228, (20), 7662- Theory and Computation 2010, 6, (3), 851-863. Nucleus One Protein at a Time. Journal of 7688. Physical Chemistry Letters 2010, 1, (1), 16-19.

44 BECKMAN IN THE NEWS

Luan, B. Q.; Aksimentiev, A ., Electric and elec - he Beckman Institute contributes scien - however, is that your brain also stays in better trophoretic inversion of the DNA charge in Tti_c discoveries and technology devel - shape when you exercise.” multivalent electrolytes. Soft Matter 2010, 6, opment to the world, and that work was \e recognition given Beckman re - (2), 243-246. reported in peer-reviewed journals and rec - searchers was evidenced in many ways this Lyding, J. W ., Carbon Nanotubes: A simple ap - ognized in national and local media in 2009 past year. Beckman researcher Ioannis proach to superlattices. Nature Nanotechnology and 2010. But the contributions of Beckman Chasiotis was honored by President Barack 2009, 4, (9), 545-546. researchers went beyond those traditional Obama at the White House in 2009 with a Martin, P. N.; Aksamija, Z.; Pop, E .; Ravaioli, forums this past year. Institute researchers Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists U., Reduced Thermal Conductivity in were called on for their scienti_c expertise and Engineers, the highest honor given by the Nanoengineered Rough Ge and GaAs Nanowires. Nano Letters 2010, 10, (4), 1120- by national media, wrote works of popular United States government to young profes - 1124. non-_ction and _ction, and were recognized sionals at the beginning of their independent by the President. research careers. In addition, two other Melnikov, D. V.; Leburton, J. P ., Few-electron Quantum Dot Spintronics. In Frontiers in Dan Simons of the Human Perception Beckman faculty members received presti - Nanoscience and Nanotechnology , Narlikar, V.; and Performance group co-authored a pop - gious honors. Powers was elected to the Fu, Y., Eds. Oxford University Press: UK, 2009 ; ular psychological science book about every - American Academy of Arts and Letters, while Vol. 3, pp 47-89. day illusions humans have when it comes to Martin Gruebele was named to the American Rogers, J. A .; Someya, T.; Huang, Y. G., aspects of cognition like memory and atten - Academy of Arts and Sciences. Materials and Mechanics for Stretchable tion. \e book, Ge Invisible Gorilla, by \e national media also focused on Electronics. Science 2010, 327, (5973), 1603- Simons and longtime collaborator Chris Institute researchers. John Rogers of the 3-D 1607. Chabris, took its title from a famous psy - Micro- and Nanosystems group was the sub - Seidelt, B.; Innis, C. A.; Wilson, D. N.; chology experiment the two did involving ject of a pro_le in the prestigious journal Gartmann, M.; Armache, J. P.; Villa, E.; students passing a basketball back and forth Science in 2010, while Beckman researchers Trabuco, L. G.; Becker, T.; Mielke, T.; Schulten, while a person in a gorilla suit walked like Yi Ma, Kramer, and Simons were called K.; Steitz, T. A.; Beckmann, R., Structural Insight into Nascent Polypeptide Chain- through the scene. \e book received praise upon by major media this past year for their Mediated Translational Stalling. Science 2009, from reviewers in the New York Times and expertise in stories about technology, politics, 326, (5958), 1412-1415. Psychology Today for its insights into human health, and _nance. Shih, A. Y.; Sligar, S. G .; Schulten, K ., behavior and writing style. \e Institute’s role in the community of Maturation of high-density lipoproteins. Beckman faculty member Richard Champaign-Urbana was brought to life this Journal of the Royal Society Interface 2009, 6, Powers from the Department of English past year with a feature story in the local news - (39), 863-871. won the 2006 National Book of the Year paper, the News-Gazette, on Beckman’s 20th Tran, P.; Kandula, S. S. V.; Geubelle, P. H .; Award for Fiction for his novel Ge Echo Anniversary Celebration and two decades of Sottos, N. R ., Dynamic Delamination of Maker. In 2009 Powers published his 10th interdisciplinary research. \e feature story Patterned Thin Films: A Numerical Study. novel, Generosity: An Enhancement. Powers’s and photos highlighted the people and re - International Journal of Fracture 2010, 162, 77- work oaen has a scienti_c backdrop and his search that have made Beckman what 90. latest novel is no di]erent. In it, he explores University of Illinois o^cials have called the White, S. R .; Geubelle, P. H ., Self-Healing the world of personal genomics through the “crown jewel” of research facilities on campus. Materials Get ready for repair-and-go. Nature story of a college student from Algeria with a Also, a local magazine, Community Concierge, Nanotechnology 2010, 5, (4), 247-248. tragic past. featured the Beckman Institute building as an Xu, Y.; Mi, X. B.; Aluru, N. R ., Detection of de - Other Beckman researchers contribute iconic symbol of 21st Century architecture in fective DNA in carbon nanotubes by combined to the public discourse in their _elds in na - the area, and had a feature story on the work molecular dynamics/tight-binding technique. Applied Physics Letters 2009, 95, (11), tional and international media. Beckman of researcher Elizabeth Stine-Morrow and her doi:10.1063/1.3231922 . Institute Director Art Kramer co-authored cognitive aging studies. an article for ScientiIc American on the links \e Beckman Institute has always been Yeom, J.; Shannon, M. A ., Detachment Lithography of Photosensitive Polymers: A between physical activity and mental acuity. known as a place where traditional academic Route to Fabricating Three-Dimensional Kramer, a leading researcher in the areas of boundaries are broken down for the larger Structures. Advanced Functional Materials cognitive aging and the e]ects of exercise on goal of doing good science. It’s also a place 2010, 20, (2), 289-295. our mental states, and his co-authors write where researchers oaen transcend their _eld that “if you do not work out, your muscles of work. get `accid. What most people don’t realize,

45 BIOMEDICAL IMAGING CENTER

TOM Trio joined BIC’s 14T (600) MHz Varian Frequency Ultrasound Imaging System was NMR system and 3T Allegra headscanner. \e added to BIC’s array of imaging instruments additional 3T scanner will accommodate more thanks to a grant from the National MR engineering development work as well as Institutes of Health. William O’Brien of diverse human, animal, and other applica - Beckman’s Bioacoustics Research tions. But the expansion didn’t end with one Laboratory (BRL) was principal investigator new magnet. Researchers from a growing on the application to acquire the Vevo 2100. number of _elds are using or planning to use \e Vevo 2100 gives researchers the ability the magnets in the future. In addition, BIC’s to use ultrasound at frequencies up to about imaging capabilities broadened in 2010 when 55 MHz, a capability that provides high res - a new high resolution ultrasound system was olution for imaging samples such as tumors acquired. A Visualsonics Vevo 2100 High in animal models. Campus researchers are

Biomedical Imaging Center Systems:

• 600 MHz Varian NMR System he Biomedical Imaging Center (BIC) is Used for micro-imaging and spectroscopic measurements, such as high resolution one of the country’s major magnetic reso - T imaging of very small samples, including biological tissue, as well as liquid and non- nance facilities thanks to its instrumentation living samples. and faculty and sta] resources. It is a valuable resource for conducting research and develop - • Siemens MAGNETOM Allegra 3T MRI Headscanner ing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). BIC Primarily used for cognitive studies; also includes capabilities for animal scanning, serves a wide variety of researchers and proj - including scans for clinical work. ects and develops new, leading-edge MRI equipment and techniques that meet the chal - • Siemens MAGNETOM Trio Whole-body 3T MRI Scanner lenges of researchers’s imaginations. \e MRI A workhorse for many cognitive and human clinical research studies, as well as team also combines magnetic resonance imag - being used in animal studies, clinical care scans for animal patients, and imaging ing with other imaging methods such as opti - many other types of samples. cal imaging, eye-tracking, EEG, and • 3T Allegra Mock Magnet and 3T Trio Mock Magnet transcranial magnetic stimulation. Used to prepare human research subjects for experiments in the actual magnets, as well as for tours and other educational outreach programs to explain how magnetic Biomedical Imaging Center 2010 resonance imaging works. A new era of exciting growth has accompanied the Biomedical Imaging Center’s move this • High-resolution Ultrasound past year from its south campus location into A Visualsonics High-resolution Ultrasound Vevo 2100 High Frequency Ultrasound the Institute. Even as its machines were being Imaging System was added to the BIC lineup in 2010. \e Vevo 2100 is designed for installed in the basement of the Institute and imaging smaller animals at high frequencies (up to around 55 megahertz), providing its sta] and mock magnets were being situated really high resolutions that permit researchers to study topics such as disease states on the _rst `oor, the Biomedical Imaging in animal models. Center (BIC) was adding to its repertoire of • Siemens MicroPET/SPECT/CT magnetic resonance imaging machines and to A molecular imaging instrument (microPET/SPECT/CT) used for imaging dy - its other capabilities. In 2009, a new whole- namic biological and material systems will be installed by the end of the year. \e body 3T MRI scanner called the MAGNE - MicroPET/SPECT/CT is used for molecular imaging research in the areas of pre- clinical medical research in cancer and neuroscience; nanomedicine; nanoparticle The image above provides an inside view of the biodistribution and physiological integration; stem cell tracking and functional inte - MAGNETOMTrioWhole-body 3T MRI Scanner. gration; nutritional metabolomics; non-destructive evaluation and functional char - acterization of materials; and microbial and molecular dynamics in environmental media.

46 Nancy Dodge, medical radiography coordinator at the Biomedical Imaging Center, works on images collected from the MAGNETOMTrio Whole-body 3T MRI Scanner. already using the Vevo 2100, including O’Brien and BRL colleague Michael Oelze in their breast cancer assessment project. \e Center will also be adding a Micro- PET/SPECT/CT machine for dynamic molec - ular imaging this fall thanks in part to a Major Research Instrumentation Program grant from the National Science Foundation. \e Micro-PET/SPECT/CT will be useful for re - searchers in a number of areas, particularly those involved with pre-clinical medical re - search such as Beckman’s Stephen Boppart, who has a focus on cancer research and who led the e]ort to secure the machine. \e diversity of studies taking place at BIC testi_es to the power of its instruments. Current research projects include, for example, investigating the e]ects of physical activity in - tervention on the childhood brain and cogni - tion; studying the pig hippocampus as a model for the human brain; evaluating the impact of emotional stimuli on cognition; performing thermal mapping of the brain; and clinical work with small animals. BIC Associate Director Tracey Wszalek said the facility has grown signi_cantly in the past year. “Now that we’re located at Beckman, we are starting to attract users from disciplines that perhaps weren’t traditionally involved in doing imaging,” Wszalek said. And those users as well as visitors have been impressed with BIC’s capabilities. “Clearly, from interactions with visitors of late, this is a unique facility which gives many di]erent disciplines the op - portunity to pursue imaging studies,” Wszalek said. “It’s a state-of-the-art, beautiful lab.” Change at BIC in 2010 also came in the form of a new administrator. Greg Miller was chosen to replace Art Kramer as Biomedical Imaging Center Director in May of 2010.

47 ILLINOIS SIMULATOR LABORATORY

Ie Illinois Simulator Laboratory (ISL) pro - vides researchers with an amazing array of highly advanced visualization environments for studies in human multimodal percep - tion, cognition, human factors, and other areas. Two 3-D immersive virtual reality en - vironments, the CAVE TM and the six-sided Cube, are ideal for multimodal and human perception studies. ISL also features a Jight simulator, driving simulator, motion cap - ture suite, a virtual reality experimental room, and virtual reality Immersadesks TM .

Illinois Simulator Laboratory testing virtual reality surgery to studying why Illinois Simulator Laboratory Capabilities: ow comfortably settled in its new home novice wheelchair users have higher rates of Non south campus, the Beckman Institute’s upper shoulder and carpal tunnel injuries in • The Cube world-renowned advanced visualization facil - the motion capture suite. Grants from NASA \e Cube is a world-renowned, six-sided ity, the Illinois Simulator Laboratory (ISL), is and the FAA are funding studies of the next virtual reality chamber that provides a com - pulsating with activity. Aaer completing the generation of air tra^c control systems in the pletely immersive environment. Used ex - move from Beckman’s main building to the `ight simulator (now out_tted with eye-track - tensively by researchers in the area of former Biomedical Imaging Center building ing capabilities), while the CAVE TM is being perceptual psychology, the Cube is driven this past year, ISL is now fully operational with used for studies of pedestrians, including by a continuously upgraded cluster of per - experiments running in every space. ISL adults, older adults, children, and those in sonal computers using an ISL-developed Director Hank Kaczmarski said the lab’s new wheelchairs. ISL’s two Immersadesks TM are application called Syzygy. home gives them the space and versatility to being employed in a study of how operators, do visualization research in ways that weren’t such as those controlling a drone aircraa, can • The CAVE TM possible before. “\e exciting thing is we have collaborate when they are at separate, oaen \e CAVE is a four-sided immersive reality been able to expand beyond one researcher distant locations. \e Cube is playing host to environment operated by the ISL. First con - using one environment,” Kaczmarski said. an innovative study funded by the National structed in 1995, the CAVE continues to “Now it’s much broader. If the biggest problem Science Foundation and the Department of function as a prototyping facility for the we have over the next year is scheduling all Homeland Security investigating whether Cube and as a research environment in its these diverse projects, that’s a good problem to sound can be visualized in order to extract in - own right. Several Immersadesks™ (hori - have. We have stable space and a good under - formation more e^ciently, while the driving zontal and vertical stereo video large screen standing of how to modify without a]ecting simulator continues to be home to studies of display devices) are located in discrete lab other labs in the building.” In the past year, ISL human attention and other forms of cognitive spaces in the new facility, connected to spe - has expanded to run experiments as diverse as behavior. cialized graphics computers, enabling users to quickly develop, test, and remotely demonstrate new applications and modali - ties of human-computer interaction. 48 A child participates in a street crossing task in the CAVE TM .

• Flight Simulator • Motion Capture Suite Based on a Frasca 142 simulator cockpit, Used by kinesiologists for the analysis of the ISL `ight simulator has been continu - human motion, the Motion Capture Suite ously updated to meet aviation human fac - features a Motion Analysis ten camera mo - The Illinois Simulator Laboratory’s Flight Simulator is used for research recently funded by NASA and the FAA. tors researchers’s requirements with tion capture system, force-feedback plates, state-of-the-art displays and other technolo - video outputs, and gigabit networking that gies. Featuring both a large-screen environ - allows researchers to store data for later ment and LCD cockpit displays, the `ight analysis or to connect with other visualiza - simulator has easily expandable graphics- tion environments for real-time collabora - cluster technology and an advanced six- tive research. camera eye tracking system. Currently, an FAA-funded e]ort is under way by human • CANVAS and the Traveling CANVAS ation and presentation of virtual art that ex - factors researchers to study the next genera - (Collaborative Advanced Navigation ists not in two- or three-dimensional tion of air tra^c control systems. Virtual Art Studio) spaces, such a painting or sculpture, but in CANVAS is a room-sized immersive 3-D the multi-dimensional world of virtual im - • Driving Simulator environment with origins in CAVE TM tech - ages. \e CANVAS is currently set up in its Used extensively by perceptual psycholo - nology. It is a scalable, recon_gurable dis - own gallery space at the Krannert Art gists examining the way drivers interact play technology that facilitates the creation Museum, with a recent show expanding on with both their environment and the in - and display of immersive art works. It is col - the new Beckman Imaging Initiative, high - creasingly complex nature of their automo - laborative because it can be connected to an lighting the artistry of nature at the micro - biles, the driving simulator uses a General array of geographically dispersed immersive scopic scale. Motors Saturn automobile that surrounds virtual spaces, has advanced navigation to test subject drivers with eight projected allow viewers in di]erent locations to inter - moving images. \ese images, and a fully act with virtual art, and allows for the cre - integrated eye-tracking system, allow re - searchers to gather data on how humans in - teract with the automobile. 49 IMAGING TECHNOLOGY GROUP

he ability to visualize science has become Tessential to doing research in many _elds and it is an integral means of sharing their work for researchers in virtually every discipline. \at is why the facilities and capabilities of the Beckman Institute’s Imaging Technology Group (ITG) have become such a valuable resource for campus researchers. \e combined capabilities of the ITG’s two groups, the Microscopy Suite and the Visualization Imaging Laboratory, are truly extraordinary for a university facility. Microscopy Suite \e Microscopy Suite gives researchers com - prehensive microscopy capabilities at amazingly small scales with incredible resolutions. Its four main modes of imaging are scanned probe microscopy, light microscopy, electron mi - croscopy, and computed tomography (CT). \e Suite’s nano-CT instrument, for example, has better resolution (50 nanometers) than any other comparable instrument outside of a synchrotron (30 nm). Even with those capabilities, the sta] of the Microscopy Suite used some creative engineer - ing this past year to add another instrument for researchers: a light microscope that can per - form Raman spectroscopy at three critical wavelengths. Taking the body of a `uorescence- capable inverted microscope, they fashioned a microspectroscopy workstation with the ability to capture spectra from ultraviolet, visible, and infrared light, as well as Raman, or vibrational, spectra at excitation wavelengths of 532, 647, and 785 nm. It was an innovation Beckman faculty member Joe Lyding’s STM group took advantage of. “\at means people can tell what chemical species they’re seeing not only to the element but to the level of combinations of elements— to molecules—including shias due to di]erent chemical bonds,” said Microscopy Suite man - ager Scott Robinson. “You can also get informa - tion about whether you have, for example, a single atomic layer of graphene. So the Lyding group can focus on a surface they’ve laid graphene down on and use Raman spec - troscopy to con_rm that it’s there.” A variety of items printed using theVisualization Laboratory’s color 3-D printer. Robinson said the development of the microspectroscopy workstation was simply a matter of responding to the needs of the Microscopy Suite users. “What it represents is us responding to our user’s requests, building these instruments, and then making the instruments more and more sophisticated,” he said. 50 Microscopy Suite Capabilities: Visualization Laboratory Capabilities:

• Micro- and Nano-computed Tomography • Image Analysis Visualization Laboratory \e four Micro and Nano-CT instruments \e ability to obtain qualitative and quantitative \e Visualization Laboratory is a premier permit the collection of 3-D x-ray datasets of information from 2-D and 3-D image sets, in - facility for a variety of scienti_c imaging materials, biomaterials, and biological sam - cluding object detection, feature extraction and needs and projects, including image analy - ples with resolutions ranging from 5 microns measurements, cell counting, and various other sis, animation and video production, 2-D to 50 nanometers, with ‘hard’ or ‘soa’ x-rays, bene_ts gained from viewing microscopic im - and 3-D object scanning and printing, and and with a variety of choices for magni_ca - agery. publication graphics, to name a few. tion/_eld of view. Available to all students, sta], and fac - • Scientific Visualization • Light Microscopy ulty at the University of Illinois, the Visualization capabilities include imaging, mod - Suite users may choose from laser scanning Visualization Laboratory’s fourth `oor lo - eling, and simulating data in a visual format, confocal microscopes with standard and cation in the Beckman Institute includes presented in various digital media formats: 2-D multi-photon imaging capabilities; an in - highly advanced equipment such as an image, 3-D image, video, and animation, for verted `uorescence microscope with the abil - ultra high-speed camera, a full-color 3-D both analysis and presentation. ity to create seamless mosaics of images in x, printer, and new computer workstations y, and z; a highly sophisticated upright micro - • 3-D Modeling that can power the most demanding of vi - scope with `uorescence and di]erential con - \is allows for geometric modeling in three- sualization tasks. trast interference (DIC) imaging, as well as dimensional space, using parameters based Visualization Laboratory manager comprehensive stereology and nerve-tracing both on actual and simulated x-y-z directionals. Darren Stevenson said that the worksta - soaware packages; and a stereozoom dissect - tions for image processing and analysis • Animation and Video Production ing microscope with color-corrected imaging, have been upgraded in the past year to the O]ers ability to produce moving image in addition to other light microscopes and point where they can easily handle large sequences, created as communication resources light-scattering particle sizers. image volumes and other tasks that require for scienti_c presentation and for understand - formidable processing power. • Scanned Probe Microscopy ing of research _ndings. “It is as much current computer tech - Atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its • Color 3-D Printing nology as you can put in a single worksta - multitude of permutations; scanning Capabilities include plaster-based, multi-color tion,” Stevenson said of the workstations. tunneling microscopy (STM); and near-_eld object creation from three-dimensional geome - “\e next step up is a supercomputer.” scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) are try and surface data that are created in order to \e Visualization Laboratory not only available. \ere is even a specialized STM give scale, proportion, and tactile understand - provides hardware to faculty and student holder that _ts into the TEM. ings of research materials and static processes. researchers but also training in using the • Electron Microscopy advanced equipment. Stevenson said that • Ultra High Speed Video Capture and \e environmental scanning electron micro - the lab’s relationship is a symbiotic one that Analysis scope (ESEM), with a _eld-emission electron bene_ts both researcher and the lab. As evi - O]ering both qualitative and quantitative visual gun and many other options, is an essential dence of the success of that relationship, the motion capture and analysis of dynamic component of the Bugscope project, which Visualization Laboratory has produced, processes, which occur at rates of speed unde - has run continuously for more than 11 years. along with its users, 20 cover images for tectable by human vision or traditional video \e transmission electron microscope various scienti_c journals in the past year. capture speeds. (TEM), for which the Suite has made a number of specialized holders, operates at • Macro Photography and Macro Video accelerating voltages of up to 200 kV. O]ering high-magni_cation photography and video to capture research objects and scienti_c • Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy processes, for analysis and presentation Useful to researchers in biology, biomaterials, purposes. and materials, the `uorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) system can, for example, • 3-D Object Scanning permit the observation of a single weakly O]ering multi-point laser detection to create `uorescent protein as it enters a cell. three-dimensional surface geometry of real-world objects; also used for object • Sample Preparation Equipment measurement and three-dimensional modeling. A variety of sample preparation equipment is available to Microscopy Suite users. \e dual- • Research Presentation Assistance with graphics and illustrations Samantha Polak, bioengineering Ph.D. student, works metal evaporator is another example of an in - created in order to better understand and with artiIcial bone implant scaHold images in the strument that was designed and fabricated in Visualization Laboratory. Polak works with Beckman response to requests from numerous re - communicate ideas and results. faculty member AmyWagoner-Johnson on this line of searchers. research.

51 BECKMAN INSTITUTE POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS PROGRAM

Current Beckman Institute Fellows Ilia Solov’yov David Mayerich Ilia received a Ph.D. in Physics from Frankfurt David completed his Ph.D. in Computer Science 2010 Fellows University in Germany in 2008 and a Candidate from Texas A&M University. While there he S. Derin Babacan of Science degree in \eoretical Physics from helped develop a prototype microscope capable Derin joined the Beckman Institute from the Io]e Physical-Technical Institute in St. of quickly imaging large three-dimensional tissue Northwestern University where he completed Petersburg, Russia, in 2009. His current re - samples. His current research goals are to ad - his Ph.D. work in Electrical Engineering in search interests cover a broad range of ques - vance methods for reconstruction and visualiza - December 2009. His research interests are fo - tions on the structure and dynamics of tion of biomedical data in order to provide an cused on problems in image processing, com - nanosystems and biomolecules. Speci_cally his unprecedented understanding of anatomy at the puter vision, and compressive sensing. He is research explores animal magnetoreception in sub-cellular level. He plans to focus on creating interested in investigating novel Bayesian creatures, including migratory birds. \is work sub-cellular anatomical models of tissue as well modeling and inference procedures that e]ec - could eventually lead to solutions in protecting as better ways to process and visualize datasets tively utilize complex signal and degradation airports from birds. provided by new microscope techniques. models that are consistent with the nature of imaging instruments and subjects. \ese novel Jonathan Viventi Nathan Parks methods could potentially advance the state- Jonathan earned a Ph.D. in Bioengineering Nathan completed his Ph.D. in the area of of-the-art in many imaging applications. from the University of Pennsylvania, working Cognitive and Brain Science at the Georgia with Dr. Brian Litt. His research focuses on de - Institute of Technology. His research plan con - Simon Fischer-Baum veloping technology for a new generation of centrates on examining the neural mechanisms Simon will earn his Ph.D. in Cognitive Science implantable medical devices that are `exible of attention, competition, and short-term plastic - from Johns Hopkins University in the fall of and can conform to the shapes of organs and ity within the human visual system. He will use a 2010. He is currently a William Orr Dingwall biological structures. At the Beckman Institute variety of noninvasive neuro-physiological meas - Foundation Neurolinguistic Fellow at Johns he speci_cally plans to focus on developing ures and psychophysical techniques in his inves - Hopkins. His research seeks to identify do - `exible sheets of high-resolution multiplexed tigations. main-independent principles of cognitive pro - electrodes that can map and disrupt the abnor - cessing, speci_cally regarding how serial order Edward Wlotko mal regions of the brain that give rise to epilep - is represented and processed. \is line of re - Eddie earned a Ph.D. from the Brain and tic seizures and map and ablate cardiac search could have implications for many as - Cognition Division of the Department of arrhythmias on the epicardial surface of the pects of biological intelligence, including more Psychology at the University of Illinois at heart. high-level cognitive processes like language Urbana-Champaign. His research explores how and problem solving, and more peripheral 2009 Fellows the two hemispheres of the brain each serve lan - processes like perception and motor control. Jeremy Brooks guage functions that are necessary for compre - Jeremy earned his Ph.D. in Ecology from the hension. At the Beckman Institute, he uses the Malini Ranganathan University of California, Davis, in 2008. He event-related optical signal (EROS) system to ex - Malini is slated to earn a Ph.D. in the Energy came to the Beckman Institute from Loyola plore the individual and joint contributions of and Resources Group at the University of University where he served as an instructor. His the cerebral hemispheres to language compre - California at Berkeley by the summer of 2010. research work seeks to understand the individ - hension, and how those contributions change Her dissertation research explores the political ual characteristics and contextual factors that over the lifespan. ecology of water in the city of Bangalore in in`uence attitudes and behaviors related to a India, speci_cally focusing on the implications 2008 Fellows variety of environmental issues including cli - of market-oriented reforms for equity at the Jacob Eisenstein mate change. peri-urban interface. At Beckman, she will Jacob earned a Ph.D. in Computer Science at the continue to investigate the speci_c social and Nanshu Lu Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His re - environmental vulnerabilities—particularly Nanshu joined the Beckman Institute from search focuses on non-verbal modalities such as related to water infrastructure—of populations Harvard University, where she earned a Ph.D. gestures that supplement speech. At the living in fringe areas of developing cities. She in the School of Engineering and Applied Beckman Institute Jacob works on computational aims to substantiate the claim that greater re - Science. Her research interest has focused on statistical models of the relationship between silience to water-related environmental haz - the mechanics and materials for the integration gesture, speech, and discourse with the goal of ards in peri-urban Manila or Bangalore can, in of hard and soa materials. As a Beckman improving natural language understanding. part, be explained by the existence of neigh - Fellow, she seeks to develop smart, `exible elec - Agustín Mihi borhood associations, their relationships with tronic devices by integrating soa active matters Agustin received his Ph.D. in Physics from the the state, and the wider social and political into current `ex circuit con_gurations. University of Seville. His research, which focused networks in which they operate. 52 or a few select young scientists, the dream of pursuing their research goals unfettered Fby the responsibilities of teaching or working in industry becomes a reality at the Beckman Institute. Postdoctoral researchers from across the country and the world have taken part in the Beckman Institute Fellows Program since 1992 and gone on to careers in academia, government, and business. The Beckman Fellows Program nurtures inde - pendent research in a stimulating and supportive interdisciplinary environment that al - lows young scientists to advance their research during a period that bridges the time between earning a Ph.D. and beginning a professional career. The Beckman Institute Fellows are selected based on evidence of professional promise, capacity for independ - on increasing the light harvested in Dye ent work, outstanding achievement, and interdisciplinary work research interests that Sensitized Solar Cells by coupling Photonic correspond to one or more of the Beckman Institute’s research themes. Applications for Crystals, was carried out at the Institute of the Beckman Institute Fellows program are accepted during the Fall semester and the Materials Science of Seville (Spain). At the announcement of the selected Fellows is made in late February/early March of the Beckman Institute, Agustín is deepening the Spring semester. Fellows may begin working at the Beckman Institute as early as July of understanding of the e]ect of optical design on the calendar year they are selected and no later than December 31 of that same year. the e^ciency of photoelectrochemical processes and extending the application of these concepts to other types of photonic struc - tures. Postdoctoral Fellows Program Alumni Sarah Grison, Ph.D., University of Wales 2007 Cristina Iani, Ph.D., University of Bologna Amy Shih Derek Hoiem, Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University 2001 Amy completed her Ph.D. in Biophysics and Zhi Jiang, Ph.D., Purdue University Michael Bevan, Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University Computational Biology at the University of Séverine Lepage, Ph.D., University of Liège, Belgium Donald Cannon, Ph.D., Penn State University Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Her research Jongseung Yoon, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute for Christina Grozinger, Ph.D., Harvard University interests are focused on biophysical characteri - Technology Jesse Spencer-Smith, Ph.D., Indiana University zations of the structure and function of health- 2006 2000 relevant biomolecules. As a Beckman Institute Joseph B. Geddes III, Ph.D., Pennsylvania State John Paul Minda, Ph.D., SUNY, Bu]alo Slava Rotkin, Ph.D., Io]e Institute, Russia Fellow she uses advanced computational mod - University Yael Gertner, Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania Ilya Zharov, Ph.D., University of Colorado eling to study HDLs and cytochrome P450s. Ming Hsu, Ph.D., California Institute of Technology 1999 Joel Voss Mark Neider, Ph.D., Stony Brook University Dale Barr, Ph.D., University of Chicago Joel received his Ph.D. in Neuroscience from Stephanie Rinne, Ph.D., University of Illinois Hong Hua, Ph.D., Beijing Institute of Technology Northwestern University. He joined the Sarah Brown-Schmidt, Ph.D., University of Rochester Jason McCarley, Ph.D., University of Louisville Lolita Rotkina, Ph.D., Io]e Physico-Technical Institute Beckman Institute aaer spending a year as a Dirk Bernhardt-Walther, Ph.D., California Institute of 1998 postdoctoral researcher at Northwestern Technology 2005 Michal Balberg, Ph.D., Hebrew University of Jerusalem University. His research examines the opera - Chandramalika Basak, Ph.D., Syracuse University Gregory DiGirolamo, Ph.D., University of Oregon tion of explicit and implicit expressions of Emma Falk, Ph.D., Helsinki University 1997 memory. He currently studies the biological Silvio Savarese, Ph.D., CalTech Brendan Frey, Ph.D., University of Toronto basis for the distinction between conscious and Zhihong Zeng, Ph.D, Chinese Academy of Sciences Tammy Ivanco, Ph.D., McMaster University nonconscious expressions of memory, as well 2004 1996 as the role that volition plays in memory Byron McCaughey, Ph.D., Tulane University Srinivas Akella, Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University processes that evolve over time, such as with Michelle Meade, Ph.D., Washington University, St. Jose Jimenez, Ph.D., Columbia University navigation of novel environments. Louis Chen Liu, Ph.D., Techinion-Israel Institute of Timothy Nokes, Ph.D., University of Illinois, Chicago Technology Carle Foundation Hospital/Beckman Maxim Raginsky, Ph.D., Northwestern University 1995 Institute Fellow 2003 Prahlad Gupta, Ph.D., Carnegie Mellon University Michael Walsh Joshua Ballard, Ph.D., University of Colorado Gregory Zelinsky, Ph.D., Brown University Michael received his Ph.D. in Biological Richard Godijn, Ph.D., Vrije Universiteit, 1994 Sciences from Lancaster University in the Amersterdam Barbara Church, Ph.D., Harvard University United Kingdom. As the _rst-ever Carle Mathews Jacob, Ph.D., Swiss Federal Institute of Narayan Srinivasa, Ph.D., University of Florida Foundation Hospital/Beckman Institute Technology 1993 Fellow, his research focuses on advancing non- Ryan Kershner, Ph.D., Massachusetts Institute of Andreas Herz, Ph.D., Heidelberg University Rejeev Sharman, Ph.D., University of Maryland invasive cancer detection methods. His goals Technology 2002 1992 include _nding ways to use imaging to auto - Tyler Bruns, Ph.D., University of Illinois Andrew Nobel, Ph.D., University of North Carolina mate the examination and classi_cation of tis - Stan Colcombe, Ph.D., University of Illinois Efrat Shimshoni, Ph.D., Weizmann Institute of Science sue in order to overcome many of the Diego Diaz, Ph.D., Cornell University limitations that exist in current pathology methodologies. Such automation could eventu - ally reduce the time-consuming nature of diag - nosis and it could also eliminate operator bias that can lead to misdiagnosis.

53 The Beckman Graduate Fellows Program offers unique research opportunities for some of the top graduate students at the University of Illinois. The program is supported by funding from the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation and gives U. of I. graduate students at the M.A., M.S., or Ph.D. level the opportunity to pursue interdis - ciplinary research at the Institute. Research proj - ects must involve at least one Beckman faculty member as well as a second U. of I. faculty mem - ber. Preference is given to those proposals that are interdisciplinary and involve the active par - ticipation of two Beckman faculty members from two different groups.

THE 2010 BECKMAN INSTITUTE GRADUATE FELLOWS

Wylie Ahmed such as on-site detection of toxic materials and opment of a nonlinear microscopy technique Wylie is a Ph.D. candidate in Mechanical detection of bacteria and biomarkers for for the spatial-spectral inspection of biological Engineering whose research involves cell me - point-of-care diagnosis, that are not possible specimens. \e microscope uses endogenous chanics and high resolution imaging tech - with conventional NMR systems. vibrational contrast to provide high chemical niques. His research project focuses on the selectivity without the use of exogenous mark - connection between mechanical tension in Jihye Seong ers, a biochemical imaging technique neuronal axons and synaptic plasticity, with Jihye is a native of Korea who earned a mas - Wladimir will use for a systematic study of the goal of understanding the mechanism(s) ter’s degree in pharmaceutical science and is tumor development. underlying that connection and neurotrans - working on her Ph.D. in Neuroscience at mission. Wylie is collaborating with Beckman Illinois. Working with Beckman faculty mem - Mallory Stites faculty members Taher Saif and Jonathan bers Yingxiao Wang and Ning Wang, Jihye’s A graduate of Truman State University in Sweedler in this project, which seeks to con - research focuses on the e]ects of mechanical Missouri, Mallory is working on a Ph.D. in tribute foundational work to the emerging stimulation on cellular function. Her project Cognitive Psychology at Illinois. Mallory in - _eld of neuromechanics. will seek to understand how mechanical force vestigates the basic neurological and behav - is converted into biochemical signals—a ioral processes involved in reading Chao Ma process known as mechanotransduction— comprehension, especially as it applies to how Aaer earning bachelor’s and master’s degrees toward a systematic understanding of cellular the brain handles misspellings. In collabora - in Electrical Engineering at Tsinghua function, especially as it relates to the develop - tions with Beckman faculty members Kiel University (Beijing, China), Chao is now ment of diseases such as cancer. Christianson (eye-tracking) and Kara working on his Ph.D. in Electrical and Federmeier (event-related brain potentials), Computer Engineering. His research e]orts Wladimir Benalcazar Mallory will use these measurement tech - with Beckman faculty members Zhi-Pei Liang Wladimir has been a research associate in niques to understand the processes involved in and Brad Sutton have led to work on a mobile Beckman faculty member Stephen Boppart’s reading errors, testing the e]ects of letter nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) system Biophotonics Imaging Laboratory while work - transpositions across morpheme boundaries. with full spectroscopy capability. \e goal of ing toward a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering. Mallory plans to expand her research to con - this interdisciplinary research project is to de - In addition to working with Boppart, tinue a collaboration with Beckman faculty velop, for the _rst time, a mobile NMR spec - Wladimir has collaborations with Beckman member Liz Stine-Morrow to study how mis - troscopic system with full spectroscopy faculty members Scott Carney, Martin spellings a]ect reading behavior in older capability that will enable new applications, Gruebele, and Yingxiao Wang toward devel - adults.

54 NEW FACULTY

Twelve new faculty members joined the Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction Beckman Institute this past year, bringing John Stack is a member of the \eoretical and Matthew Dye joined the Beckman Institute as with them exciting research lines and new Computational Biophysics group at Beckman a faculty member in the Human Perception areas of exploration. Roberto Galvez is a full- and a Professor of Physics at Illinois. His re - and Performance group. Dye is a Professor in time member of the NeuroTech group and search interests lie in studies of lattice _eld the University of Illinois Department of faculty member in the Department of theory and in understanding of con_nement Speech and Hearing Science. His research Psychology who brings his work in under - and other non-perturbative phenomena in areas include cross-modal plasticity and deaf - standing how a certain part of the brain quantum chromodynamics and high energy ness, with a focus on the e]ects of altered sen - stores and retrieves information. New part- theory. sory experience on the development of visual time faculty members have also joined cognition skills. Beckman from the departments of Angus Rockett joined the Beckman Institute Bioengineering (Sheng Zhong), Physics as a faculty member in the Nanoelectronics Integrative Imaging (John Stack), Materials Science and and Nanomaterials group. Rockett is a Kimani Toussaint is faculty member in the Engineering (Angus Rockett), and Chemistry Professor in the University of Illinois Bioimaging Science and Technology (BST) (Gregory Girolami). The diversity of re - Department of Materials Science and group of the Integrative Imaging (IntIm) re - searchers who joined Beckman this past year Engineering. His research focuses on topics search theme. Toussaint is an Assistant is also demonstrated through the variety of such as photovoltaics, or solar cells, radiation Professor in the Department of Mechanical home departments of new affiliate faculty detectors, and thin _lms. Science and Engineering at Illinois whose re - members: Taher Saif and Kimani Toussaint search focus is in the area of optics. (Mechanical Science and Engineering), David Gregory Girolami is a new faculty member in P. Kuehn and Matthew Dye (Speech and the Nanoelectronics and Nanomaterials group. Social Dimensions of Environmental Hearing Science), and Geography (Ashwini Girolami is a Professor in the Department of Policy Chhatre and Thomas Bassett). Chemistry at the University of Illinois. His re - Ashwini Chhatre is a faculty member in the search focuses on the synthesis, properties, Department of Geography and at the Center FULL-TIME FACULTY and reactivity of new inorganic, organomettal - for Global Studies at the University of Illinois. Biological Intelligence lic, and solid state species. He studies the intersection of democratic poli - Roberto Galvez from the Department of tics and environment and development, with a Psychology joined the Beckman Institute as a AFFILIATE FACULTY more recent focus on climate change vulnera - full-time faculty member of the NeuroTech Biological Intelligence bility and adaptation. group in the Biological Intelligence research Taher Saif, the Gutgsell Professor in the theme. Galvez earned a Ph.D. in Neuroscience Department of Mechanical Science and Iomas Bassett comes to Beckman as a from the University of Illinois. His research Engineering, has joined the NeuroTech group Professor in the Department of Geography at topics include long-term storage of associative at Beckman. He earned a Ph.D. in \eoretical the University of Illinois. Bassett’s research memory and molecular correlates of experi - and Applied Mechanics from Cornell. Saif’s areas include Africa and \ird World develop - ence-induced neocortical plasticity. research interests include the mechanics of ment, with a focus on topics such as African microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), agrarian systems, political ecology, agricultural PART-TIME FACULTY bio-MEMS, fracture mechanics, and submi - development, and socio-cultural change. Integrative Imaging cron materials behavior. Sheng Zhong is an Assistant Professor of Bioengineering, Statistics, Computer Science, David P. Kuehn joined the NeuroTech group Computational Science and Engineering, at Beckman. Kuehn is a professor in the de - and Biophysics at Illinois who joined the partments of Bioengineering and Speech and Bioimaging Science and Technology group at Hearing Science at the University of Illinois. Beckman. His research uses systems biology His research interests include speech anatomy approaches to study cellular di]erentiation and physiology and clea palate, with a speci_c and evolution. emphasis on the anatomy and physiology of the velopharyngeal region. 55 THE IMPACT OF GIVING

\ere are many words and phrases that Impact of Scholarships and Fellowships a postdoctoral researcher. He was taking ad - have come to be associated with the \e Beckman Institute Fellows programs vantage of a one-time opportunity to be part Beckman Institute over its 21-year history: were created to give young scientists in the of that groundbreaking project that used bio - interdisciplinary research, neuroscience, nan - postdoctoral and graduate programs and logically-inspired principles to create a hearing otechnology, and advanced science are a few. faculty from other universities in the senior aid that worked in noisy environments. \e But one word, generosity, best describes why program greater opportunities to do innova - project got its initial funding from Beckman, Beckman exists as a world class research in - tive research. \e Arnold and Mabel Beckman followed by a grant from a hearing aid com - stitute. Generosity is what led Arnold and Foundation provides funding for the three pany, and Liu ended up becoming a Beckman Mabel Beckman to donate $40M in 1985 to programs. Postdoctoral Fellow. \e funding behind the build an interdisciplinary research center at Michael Walsh was chosen in 2008 as the story of this successful project testi_es to the his alma mater, the University of Illinois, and _rst ever Carle Foundation Hospital-Beckman myriad ways giving—whether from a founda - generosity through the donations of individ - Institute Fellow. \e Carle-Beckman Fellows tion, business, or individual—can impact both uals and organizations help continue the program was created with funding from Carle researchers and research. work taking place at the Beckman Institute. Foundation Hospital to give recent Ph.D.s “It was an unforgettable three years for Donors to the Beckman Institute can with a research focus on the engineering of me,” said Liu, who is now the principal sta] make a direct impact through the funding of biological materials an opportunity to advance research scientist with the Human Interaction scholarships and gias to speci_c groups and work in the molecular imaging of cancer. Research Lab at Motorola Labs in Schaumburg, Illinois. “It was one of the most areas of study that will nurture both current Walsh said that the program has given him the ability to launch an independent research ca - intense growing periods in my research life. and future research and the people—faculty, reer and develop his skills as a postdoctoral re - “One thing about the Beckman Institute is students, and sta]—who make Beckman a searcher. the freedom, especially for a Beckman Fellow. world-class research facility. “\e fellowship program is a fantastic op - You don’t need to worry about funding; you’re “\e Beckman Institute fundraising pri - portunity to work in an interdisciplinary envi - free to do whatever you want. It’s really a rare, orities are closely aligned with this reality,” ronment and work with exceptional scientists precious opportunity for a young scientist.” said Beckman’s Director of Development, from a broad variety of backgrounds,” Walsh Creating new scholarship opportunities is Tim Montague. “Our top priorities are rais - said. “\e research allowance has also given also an important focus of development e]orts ing support for students (undergrad and me the freedom to develop new avenues of re - at Beckman. In the fall of 2010 the Beckman grad), postdocs, and faculty. Private support search and to present my progress at a number Institute will be awarding the Erik Haferkamp provides essential resources to recruit and re - of international conferences.” Memorial Scholarship to a promising under - tain top science and engineering talent in an Chen Liu came to Beckman in 1995 to graduate student to perform research in neu - extremely competitive landscape.” work on the Intelligent Hearing Aid project as roscience. \e scholarship was made possible

56 by friends and family members of Erik Impact of Endowed Chairs/Professorships Professor of Engineering at Illinois. Haferkamp, an undergraduate whose life was Creating endowed chairs/professorships is “Having a chaired professorship is a won - enriched by his experience in the laboratory of also a goal of development e]orts at the derful honor,” Sottos said. “Most importantly, Beckman researcher Justin Rhodes. Beckman Institute. An endowed chair repre - it provides `exible funds to use for research \e Erik Haferkamp Memorial sents the highest honor the University of and seeding new projects. I also think chaired Scholarship will support two undergraduate Illinois can confer on prominent faculty mem - professorships are critical for retention of the research assistants in the summer of 2011 in bers. \ese endowed chairs are used to help best faculty.” the area of neuroscience, with future plans to attract and retain brilliant scholars, and enable Jean-Pierre Leburton is the Gregory support one full-time student per summer. the most giaed faculty members to reach their Stillman Professor of Electrical and Computer Rhodes said Haferkamp was a valued member full potential. Several Beckman researchers Engineering in ECE and a full-time faculty of his lab for more than three years, as he went have been honored with endowed chairs in member in the Nanoelectronics and from undergraduate student to lab technician. their home departments and can testify to Nanomaterials group at Beckman. He said that “He proved to be an outstanding student their impact. endowed chairs do help retain outstanding and dedicated a large amount of his time in Tom Huang is Co-chair of the Human- faculty by honoring their work and by provid - the lab from 2007 up until his death in 2010,” Computer Intelligent Interaction research ing needed support. Rhodes said. “Erik quickly became competent theme at Beckman and is the William L. “\is is recognition in the department and at many of the technical procedures in the lab. Everitt Professor of Electrical Engineering in there are just a few of them,” Leburton said. “It He also made substantial contributions col - the Department of Electrical and Computer comes with some _nancial support, which is lecting data for a paper currently in the late Engineering (ECE). always very nice. It allows you to attend con - stages of the review process examining the ef - “In our profession, there is nothing more ferences and gives you more freedom. It helps fects of exercise on the growth of new nerve rewarding than the recognition by one’s peers research because it provides support.” cells in the brain. and to get a named professorship is one such And the chair shows how the work of a “For his technical and intellectual contri - indication,” Huang said. “In my case, I am par - professor or researcher can live on through the butions, Erik is a co-author on a paper re - ticularly honored, because the Professorship is generosity of those they a]ected. cently accepted in Behavioral Brain Research named aaer Dean Everitt, who for a long pe - “People know they owe their careers to on exercise-induced neurogenesis. \us, Erik riod of time was head of ECE and then Dean Stillman, to his teaching, his mentoring and was a key member of the Rhodes lab and is of Engineering at Illinois. He was my hero and leading them in research,” Leburton added. terribly missed.” role model.” “He was a highly-respected leader in his _eld. I Nancy Sottos is Co-chair of the Molecular am very grateful that I was recognized in his and Electronic Nanostructures research theme name.” at Beckman and the Donald B. Willett

57 DONORS TO THE BECKMAN INSTITUTE

(July 1, 2009 – June 30, 2010) Mr. Scott J. Robinson Dr. Hiroki Koga Dr. Yong Rui Ms. Patricia Kolasinski INDIVIDUAL DONORS Mr. \omas P. Sampogna Mr. Joseph E. Kristie and Ms. Laura A. Labno $1,000 Plus Dr. Peter William and Mrs. Sylvia Louise Sauer Mrs. Patricia A. Melerski Dr. Kenneth E. and Dr. Vickie V. Kopecky Ms. Varsha Shivakumar Mr. Timothy G. Montague Dr. Andrew Webb Dr. Jonathan V. and Mrs. Kathryn L. Sweedler Ms. Marilyn P. Murphy Mr. Paul Phillip and Mrs. Alison Taylor Ms. Martina L. Mustroph $500-$999 Dr. Jilin Tu Mr. Edward L. Niu Dr. Tangul and Dr. Tamer Başar Dr. Yongmei Michelle Wang Mr. David and Mrs. Jennifer Pantaleone Mr. H. Christopher and Mrs. Maritza Maceo Mr. Jack and Mrs. Betty N. Wilson Mr. Paul Schmutzler Zaenger Ms. Eileen Wilwers Mr. Brad E. and Mrs. Toni M. Schulte Mr. Roger and Ms. Janice Yoder Ms. Jennifer M. Dailey Smith $250-$499 Mr. Darrell C. Stam Dr. Van Allen and Mrs. Donna Jalane Up to $99 Dr. Kenneth S. Suslick Anderson Mr. David L. Atkinson and Mrs. Dee Anne Mrs. Randi A. and Mr. Richard P. Sutton Mr. William A. Chittenden III and Mrs. Jill L. Drabing Ms. Janice Swanson Chittenden Chuileng Chan-Bloodgood Dr. Tianli Yu and Mrs. Yan Zhang Robin Edmonds Mr. Barry L. and Mrs. Lorraine B. Clark Mr. Bernard W. and Mrs. Robin L. Gray Dr. Charlie K. Dagli CORPORATE AND FOUNDATION DONORS Ms. Claire Marie Huber Ms. Celeste J. Dickman $1,000,000 Plus Dr. Arthur F. and Dr. Laurie F. Kramer Ms. Katherine I. Diviesti Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation Dr. Meng Tao Mr. Mitchell Dushay Mr. John Zasadzinski Ms. Mary Fisher $100,000-$499,000 Ms. Susan Gorin Carle Foundation Hospital $100-$249 Mrs. Anita Govindjee and Mr. Morten Dr. Kangguo Cheng Christiansen $5,000-$99,000 Ms. Becky E. Cleavenger Ms. Elizabeth Graczyk Akiira Media Systems, Inc. Mr. Alan and Mrs. Gail Cohen Mr. David John and Mrs. RaeAnn Greibe American Chemical Society Mr. Nigel John Grinter Ms. Patricia H. Grund NEC Laboratories America, Inc. Ms. Nanette Hedden Mr. Jan Torolv Herstad Dr. Xiaoai Jiang Dr. Valerie Hill- Steik Up to $5,000 Mr. Kenneth Kopecky Mr. Wayne E. Jagusch Eli Lilly & Company Kim Lucas Mr. Porter W. Johnson Stewart Family Trust Dr. John S. Popovics Mr. James D. Kennedy Dr. Justin S. and Mrs. Nancy Rhodes Ms. Betty Kijak Mrs. Victoria M. Rivelli Mr. Christopher M. and Mrs. Marilyn J. King

58 s might be expected from a cutting-edge nual Director’s Seminar Series at Beckman, an environment, and issues such as climate change. Ainterdisciplinary research facility, public annual nanobiophotonics summer school, and One way to reach people with the news of and educational outreach e]orts at the a speaker series on the social dimensions of Beckman research is through open house Beckman Institute are many and take a variety environmental policy. events. Beckman’s Illinois Simulator Laboratory of forms. From art exhibits highlighting the vi - An important new training program held an open house in March of 2010 to cele - sualization of nature through scienti_c images funded by the National Science Foundation brate the rebirth of its facility aaer moving from to educational programs that train students in was located at the University of Illinois this the Institute to the south campus building for - new ways to do research, Beckman is reaching past year, thanks to an e]ort led by researchers merly occupied by the Biomedical Imaging out in a number of traditional and unique from the Beckman Institute. An interdiscipli - Center. \e biennial Beckman Institute Open ways to inform people and enhance the larger nary training program grant, known as an House will be held in March of 2011. \e last community. IGERT, was awarded to the campus to train Open House featured more than 30 exhibits for One way to reach people on a personal future researchers in how to collaborate in in - the thousands of visitors at the two-day event level is through art. A unique art exhibition terdisciplinary neuroengineering projects. held in conjunction with Engineering Open curated by Hank Kaczmarski, Director of Beckman researchers Doug Jones, Todd House on the University of Illinois campus. Beckman’s Illinois Simulator Laboratory, Coleman, and Monica Fabiani spearheaded Exhibits included brain-computer interfaces, brought nature to life at the University of the e]ort, and a three semester training pro - robots learning grammar, and 3-D computer Illinois’s Krannert Art Museum this past year. gram began in the fall of 2009 to teach neuro - simulations. Titled “Imag(in)ing Life: Nature in her genius science and engineering students how to Beckman’s educational outreach program had imitated art,” the exhibition featured im - collaborate in neuroengineering projects. Bugscope, operated by the Imaging Technology ages of nature as rendered by science, from Speaker series are one way to spread the Group’s Microscopy Suite, is still going strong historical pieces like a reproduction of the news of research at Beckman and Illinois. \e aaer celebrating its 10-year anniversary in 2009. _rst-ever X-ray to images created by Beckman Director’s Seminar Series at Beckman have Bugscope gives remote control of an electron researchers and sta] using highly-advanced been a way to spotlight research and re - microscope via the Internet to students from visualization technologies. Beckman labs of re - searchers at the Institute through an hour-long around the world, reaching more than 250 searchers Gabriel Popescu and Klaus Schulten noontime presentation. A strategic initiative at classrooms since it was started in March of 1999 contributed works, as did Darren Stevenson the Institute, the Social Dimensions of with a grant from the National Science and Zach Johnson of the Institute’s Environmental Policy (SDEP), seeks to im - Foundation (NSF). Visualization Laboratory. \e exhibit was prove the management of earth’s environment \e Beckman Institute is more than a sponsored by Krannert Art Museum’s through research on social and policy dimen - campus research facility. It is part of larger com - Intermedia gallery in collaboration with sions of sustainability. \is past year, the SDEP munities and these programs testify to the fact Beckman. played host to a speaker series at Beckman fea - that an important mission at the Institute is to \e Institute is also supportive of many turing some of the world’s top scientists and share the work that goes on at Beckman with educational programs and plays host to thinkers on topics involving the complex rela - others and contribute in bene_cial ways to speaker series and seminars, including the an - tionships between human societies and the those communities.

BECKMAN INSTITUTE Outreach

59 BECKMAN INSTITUTE Funding 2009-2010

Research Expenditures by Funding Source 1 $20,000,000

$18,000,000

$16,000,000

$14,000,000

$12,000,000

$10,000,000

$8,000,000

$6,000,000

$4,000,000

$2,000,000

$0

FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10

DOD $ 2,603,956 $ 3,172,803 $ 4,217,584 $ 5,238,196 $ 4,358,155 NIH $ 7,144,039 $ 9,889,110 $ 9,444,099 $ 7,518,406 $ 9,072,558 NSF $ 3,760,526 $ 3,004,266 $ 3,596,633 $ 2,310,613 $ 3,403,358 IBHE $ 156,333 $ 512,229 $ 223,626 $ (1,674) $- Other $ 1,087,590 $ 1,008,914 $ 1,151,309 $ 2,578,214 $ 1,075,980 Total $ 14,752,443 $ 17,587,322 $ 18,633,251 $ 17,643,755 $ 17,910,050

Research Awards by Funding Source 2 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 DOD $ 191,000 $ 11,012,039 $ 7,030,763 $ 2,115,780 $ 2,831,689 NIH $ 20,527,604 $ 7,450,733 $ 15,036,128 $ 5,234,846 $ 7,488,077 NSF $ 1,818,340 $ 2,349,181 $ 4,628,500 $ 1,693,264 $ 6,747,793 Other $ 685,903 $ 5,262,943 $ 1,917,393 $ 666,790 $ 683,834 Total $ 23,222,847 $ 26,074,896 $ 28,612,784 $ 9,710,680 $ 17,751,393

DOD Department of Defense NIH National Institutes of Health NSF National Science Foundation IBHE Illinois Board of Higher Education (grant match funds)

1 In addition to those sources itemized in the chart, funding for the Beckman Institute is received from the following sources: a) The state of Illinois to the University of Illinois and allocated through individual departments: Faculty Salaries b) The state of Illinois to the Beckman Institute: Administration, Operating Expenses c) The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation: Beckman Institute Fellows Program, Beckman Institute Graduate Fellows Program, Beckman Institute Equipment Competition, Seed Proposals, and Sponsorships (e.g., symposia, lectures, etc.)

2 The Beckman Institute primarily processes interdisciplinary research grants that have multiple faculty investigators from multiple departments. Total funding for multi-year awards is reported in the fiscal year of the award notice. 60 BECKMAN INSTITUTE Contact Information

The Beckman Institute for Advanced Integrative Imaging Research Theme Science and Technology Co-Chairs: University of Illinois at Stephen Boppart Urbana-Champaign Phone: 217-244-7479 405 North Mathews Avenue Email: [email protected] Urbana, IL 61801 Zhi-Pei Liang Phone: 217-244-1176 Phone: 217-244-4023 Fax: 217-333-2922 Email: [email protected] Web: www.beckman.illinois.edu Molecular and Electronic Nanostructures Director: Research Theme Co-Chairs: Art Kramer Narayana Aluru Phone: 217-244-8373 Phone: 217-333-1180 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Associate Director: Nancy Sottos Van Anderson Phone: 217-244-6901 Phone: 217-244-8380 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Associate Director for Operations: Biomedical Imaging Center Mike Smith Greg Miller, Director Phone: 217-244-1079 Phone: 217-244-1933 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Tracey Wszalek, Associate Director Biological Intelligence Research Theme Phone: 217-333-3149 Co-chairs: Email: [email protected] Jennifer Cole Phone: 217-244-1116 Imaging Technology Group Email: [email protected] Scott Robinson, Microscopy Suite Mark Nelson Phone: 217-265-5071 Phone: 217-244-1371 email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Darren Stevenson, Visualization Laboratory Phone: 217-244-3074 Human-Computer Intelligent Interaction Email: [email protected] Research Theme Co-chairs: Thomas Huang Illinois Simulator Laboratory Phone: 217-244-1638 Hank Kaczmarski, Director Email: [email protected] Phone: 217-244-5412 Dan Morrow Email: [email protected] Phone: 217-244-1828 Email: [email protected]

Beckman Institute Annual Report Credits Project Manager: Sue Johnson, Director of Communications Writers: Steve McGaughey and Sue Johnson Design: Pat Mayer, Urbana, IL Photography: Unless otherwise noted, photography by Thompson-McClellan and the Beckman Institute Communications Office. Beckman Institute FOR ADVANCED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 405 North Mathews Avenue Urbana, Illinois 61801, U.S.A. www.beckman.illinois.edu