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Josip Broz Tito - Sabrana Djela Odbor Za Izdavanje Sabranih Djela Josipa Broza Tita

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Josip Broz Tito - Sabrana Djela Odbor Za Izdavanje Sabranih Djela Josipa Broza Tita JOSIP BROZ TITO - SABRANA DJELA ODBOR ZA IZDAVANJE SABRANIH DJELA JOSIPA BROZA TITA Anka Berus, dr Pero Damjanović, Radivoj Davidović, Raif Dizdarević, Stane Dolanc, Veselin Đuranović, Slavko Janevski, Lazar Koliševski, Nandor Major, Petar Matić, Lazar Mojsov, dr Miroslav Pečujlić, dr Ivan Perić, Mitia Ribičič, dr Pavle Savić, Petar Stambolić, Lidija Šentjurc, Franc Setinc, dr Mijat Šuković, Ali Šukrija, dr Marko Šunjić, dr Stige Šuvar, dr Arif Tanović, Fabijan Trgo, Danilo Vasić, Vidoje Zarković, predsjednik, mr Branka Kolundžija, sekretar REDAKCIJA ZA IZDAVANJE SABRANIH DJELA JOSIPA BROZA TITA David Atlagić, Ismail Bajra, dr Dušan Bilandžić, dr Drago Borovčanin, dr Milovan Bosić, Slobodan Bosiljčić, dr Velimir Brezovski, dr Pero Damjanović, dr Tone Ferenc, dr Branko Gligorijević, zamjenik glavnog i odgovornog urednika, dr Danilo Kecić, dr Milan Matić, Veljko Miladinović, Pero Morača, dr Ivan Perić, dr Branko Petranović, dr Nikola Popović, zamjenik glavnog i odgovornog urednika, dr Miljan Radović, dr Stanislav Stojanović, Fabijan Trgo GLAVNI I ODGOVORNI UREDNIK dr Pero Damjanović SEKRETAR REDAKCIJE dr Enes Milak NAUČNA PRIPREMA INSTITUT ZA SAVREMENU ISTORIJU BEOGRAD TOM 26 Istraživanja, napomene, kronologija i priprema za štampu MILOVAN DŽELEBDŽIĆ JOSIP BROZ TITO SABRANA DJELA TOM DVADESET ŠESTI 14. JA N U A R - 28. FEBRU A R 1945. IZDAVAČKI CENTAR KOMUNIST BEO G RA D 1988. PREDGOVOR Ovaj tom sadrži Titove radove iz vremena od 14. januara do 28. febru­ ara 1945. To je bio izuzetno značajan period u kome je Tito vodio diplomatsku bitku za zvanično i konačno priznanje nove Jugoslavije. U ovom periodu veći dio zemlje bio je oslobođen, a stabilan jugoslovenski front kao dio opšteg savezničkog strategijskog fronta oko hitlerovske Njemačke, povezivao je preko Jadrana sovjetski front (u Mađarskoj) sa savezničkim frontom u Italiji. Crvena armija je postizala nove uspjehe u zimskoj kampanji 1945. Prelazeći u veliku ofanzivu od rijeke Visle prema rijeci Odri i istočnoj Prusiji, trupe krupnih strategijskih formacija Crvene armije uspjele su da u sadejstvu s jedinicama Poljske narodne armije oslobode 17. janu­ ara 1945. Varšavu, koju su fašistički okupatori gotovo sravnili sa zem­ ljom. Pored toga, oslobođeno je više drugih poljskih gradova i izvršen prodor preko granica Trećeg Rajha zapadno od Poznanja, tj. u Pome- raniju, čime je otpočela istočnopomeranska operacija, a gotovo isto­ vremeno i donjošleska operacija. Trinaestog februara 1945. oslobođen je glavni grad Mađarske Budimpešta. Savezničke operacije na zapadnom frontu bile su takođe veoma usp­ ješne. Savezničke armije su 3. januara 1945. prešle u protivofanzivu u cilju likvidacije njemačkog klina i stabilizacije fronta u Ardenima, u čemu su i uspjele i pored pokušaja njemačkih snaga da jednom manjom operacijom južno od Ardena, u Alzasu, olakšaju odbranu njemačkih armija. Ali su svi ti neprijateljski pokušaji suzbijeni do kraja januara 1945, da bi zatim tri savezničke grupe armija početkom februara prešle u veliku ofanzivu u cilju probijanja njemačkih odbram- benih položaja, tzv. Zigfridove linije i izbijanja na rijeku Rajnu na širokom frontu. Do polovine marta 1945. ti ciljevi su i postignuti. Dok su se na sovjetskom i zapadnom frontu vodile veoma teške i ogorčene borbe, na italijanskom frontu vladalo je relativno zatišje; u to vrijeme vođeni su tajni pregovori između predstavnika Vrhovne savez­ ničke komande na Sredozemlju i predstavnika njemačkih oružanih snaga Grupe armija »C« o kapitulaciji njemačkih oružanih snaga u Italiji, bez znanja njemačke Vrhovne komande Vermahta. Na jugoslovenskom ratištu borbe u januaru i februaru 1945. nisu jenja­ VIII vale, već su, štaviše, u Podravini i na sremskom frontu vođene teške odbrambene bitke. U dolini Drine i na mostarskom sektoru jedinice NOVJ razvijale su ofanzivne operacije. U to vrijeme Narodnooslobodilačka vojska Jugoslavije imala je u svom sastavu 3 armije, 14 korpusa (računajući i Korpus narodne odbrane Jugoslavije - KNOJ) i 60 divizija (računajući 7 divizija KNOJ-a i 2 vazduhoplovne divizije) s ukupno oko 650000 boraca i rukovodilaca, dobro naoružanih i opremljenih. Sačuvani dokumenti iz ovog perioda jesu: direktive, naredbe, naređe­ nja, govori, pohvale, partijska pisma i drugi dokumenti koji govore o Titovoj aktivnosti na državničkom, političkom, diplomatskom, vojnom i partijskom planu. Mnogi dokumenti svjedoče o Titovim naporima i težini borbe koju je on vodio za priznanje nove Jugoslavije i učvršćenje tekovina oslobodilačke i revolucionarne borbe jugoslovenskih naroda. Dokumenti koji se odnose na ostvarenje Beogradskog sporazuma Tito - Šubašić od 1. novembra 1944. od posebnog su značaja jer govore o Titovoj odlučnosti i čvrstoj riješenosti da savlada sve teškoće u vezi s formiranjem jedinstvene jugoslovenske vlade i konstituisanjem Nam- jesništva. U to vrijeme je održana konferencija »velike trojice« - Ruzvelta, Čerčila i Staljina u Jalti od 4. do 12. februara 1945. Tada je pod Čerčilovim pritiskom usvojena i preporuka upućena Titu i Šubašiću da se AVNOJ proširi i konstituiše u Privremenu jugoslovensku narodnu skupštinu. To je bio jedan od poslednjih Čerčilovih pokušaja da u Jugoslaviji obezbijedi monarhistički oblik vladavine, a time i povratak kralja Petra II u zemlju. U toj situaciji Tito se još jednom pokazao kao veliki državnik, političar i diplomata, koji je znao da i u tako složenim uslovima istraje u nastojanju da se dosljedno i do kraja sprovede Beogradski sporazum. U tim svojim nastojanjima Tito se suočavao s otporom ne samo reakcionarnih elemenata okupljenih oko kralja već i savezničkih vlada i konzervativnih krugova na Zapadu. Iz Titove prepiske sa šefom Vojne misije NOVJ u Londonu general- majorom Vladimirom Velebitom vidi se da je Tito zahtijevao da kralj Petar II prihvati takav sastav Namjesništva kojim se neće moći da manipuliše na štetu odluka Drugog zasijedanja AVNOJ-a i želja i stremljenja jugoslovenskih naroda. Tito je uspio da onemogući ostva­ renje namjera kralja Petra II i krugova okupljenih oko njega da u Namjesništvo proturi Grola i Šuteja, poznate protivnike narodnooslo- bodilačkog pokreta, i da demisijom Šubašićeve vlade obezvrijedi Beo­ gradski sporazum. U svojoj politici Tito je imao svesrdnu podršku naroda, koji je u oslobođenim krajevima gotovo tri nedjelje demonstri­ rao protiv kralja. Titova riješenost da obrazuje vladu i pored suprotstavljanja izbjeglič­ IX kih i stranih reakcionarnih krugova, dovela je do toga da je kralj PetarII 29. januara 1945. donio ukaz kojim je prenio svu svoju vlast na Namjesništvo, dok je 2. marta 1945. ukazom imenovao kraljevske namjesnike za koje je saglasnost dao Tito. Time je kralj de facto potpisao svoju abdikaciju, poslije čega je bila obrazovana privremena jugoslovenska vlada 7. marta 1945. U ovom periodu bili su od posebnog značaja Titovi susreti s feldmar- šalom Haroldom Aleksanderom, vrhovnim savezničkim komandan­ tom na Sredozemlju, održani između 21. i 28. februara 1945. u Beo­ gradu. Zvanični razgovori između Tita i Aleksandera su vođeni 21. i 24. februara 1945, dok su 22. i 23. februara pitanja koja su pokrenuta u razgovorima Tita i Aleksandera razmatrali u pojedinostima predstav­ nici njihovih štabova - Vrhovnog štaba NOV i POJ i Vrhovne savez­ ničke komande na Sredozemlju. Tako su razmatrana pitanja zauzima­ nja ostrva Lošinja, obezbjeđenja savezničke baze u Zadru, saradnje obavještajnih organa na razmjeni informacija, uspostavljanja Alek- sanderove vojne misije u Beogradu i povlačenja Britanske vojne misije na čelu s brigadirom Ficrojem Maklinom, snabdjevanja jedi­ nica NOVJ, popune 1. tenkovske brigade NOVJ, uključivanja Kra­ ljevske jugoslovenske mornarice u Mornaricu NOVJ, kao i koordina­ cije dejstava jedinica NOVJ i savezničkih armija kada se ove budu približile Istri. Centralno pitanje u ovim razgovorima svakako je bilo pitanje odnosa savezničkih vojnih komandi prema organima narodne vlasti i jedini­ cama NOVJ u Julijskoj krajini, kao i prolasku savezničkih jedinica kroz tzv. Ljubljanska vrata prema Austriji. Tito se nije složio s Alek- sanderovim predlogom da se na pomenutom području uspostavi pot­ puna saveznička kontrola, pa je tada to pitanje ostalo neriješeno, a kasnije je postalo najveća smetnja u odnosu zapadnih saveznika prema novoj Jugoslaviji. Dokumenti u kojima se tretiraju ti problemi potiču iz britanskog Public Record Office i objavljuju se u Prilozima; dokumenti jugoslovenskog porijekla nisu sačuvani ili bar do sada nisu pronađeni. U periodu od 14. januara do 29. februara 1945. na političkom planu značajan je bio i pokušaj ostvarenja federacije u kojoj bi Bugarska u okviru Jugoslavije bila jedna od federalnih jedinica ravna drugima. O tome je, međutim, pronađen samo jedan dokumenat. Osim Titove depeše upućene 21. januara 1945. general-majoru Vladi­ miru Popoviću, šefu Vojne misije NOVJ u Sofiji i delegatu CKKPJ, ništa drugo njegovo o tome nije pronađeno. Sigurno je postojala i prepiska sa sovjetskom vladom i KPSS, ali tim dokumentima ne ra­ spolažemo. Kao i u prethodnim tomovima tako i ovdje preovlađuju dokumenti vojnog karaktera. Tito je uputio mnogobrojna naređenja štabovima 1, X 2. i 3. armije i 8. udarnog korpusa NOVJ, koji rečito govore o Titu kao velikom strategu, koji je vješto vodio jedinice NOVJ i u završnim operacijama za oslobođenje Jugoslavije od fašističkog okupatora. U januaru 1945. Prva armija NOVJ je na sremskom frontu vodila veoma teške odbrambene borbe protiv njemačkog 34. armijskog kor­ pusa. Poslije prvog njemačkog napada izvršenog 3. januara 1945. na položaje 21. srpske divizije, kada je Tito energično
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